|
Structure O |
|
and O |
|
function O |
|
of O |
|
human B-species |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
), O |
|
a O |
|
Golgi O |
|
- O |
|
localized O |
|
bi O |
|
- O |
|
functional O |
|
acetyltransferase B-protein_type |
|
|
|
N B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
terminal I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
( O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
), O |
|
carried O |
|
out O |
|
by O |
|
N B-protein_type |
|
- I-protein_type |
|
terminal I-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferases I-protein_type |
|
( O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
), O |
|
is O |
|
a O |
|
conserved O |
|
and O |
|
primary O |
|
modification O |
|
of O |
|
nascent O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
chains O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
also O |
|
named O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
) O |
|
is O |
|
a O |
|
recently O |
|
identified O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
found O |
|
only O |
|
in O |
|
multicellular B-taxonomy_domain |
|
eukaryotes I-taxonomy_domain |
|
. O |
|
|
|
This O |
|
protein O |
|
was O |
|
shown O |
|
to O |
|
locate O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
Golgi O |
|
apparatus O |
|
and O |
|
mainly O |
|
catalyze O |
|
the O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
of O |
|
transmembrane O |
|
proteins O |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
it O |
|
also O |
|
harbors O |
|
lysine B-protein_type |
|
Nε I-protein_type |
|
- I-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferase I-protein_type |
|
( O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
) O |
|
activity O |
|
to O |
|
catalyze O |
|
the O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
of O |
|
lysine B-residue_name |
|
ε O |
|
- O |
|
amine O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Here O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
report O |
|
the O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structures I-evidence |
|
of O |
|
human B-species |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
) O |
|
in B-protein_state |
|
complex I-protein_state |
|
with I-protein_state |
|
Acetyl B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
Coenzyme I-chemical |
|
A I-chemical |
|
( O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
) O |
|
or O |
|
Coenzyme B-chemical |
|
A I-chemical |
|
( O |
|
CoA B-chemical |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
protein O |
|
contains O |
|
an O |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
following O |
|
its O |
|
GNAT B-structure_element |
|
domain I-structure_element |
|
that O |
|
may O |
|
contribute O |
|
to O |
|
Golgi O |
|
localization O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
adopted O |
|
different O |
|
conformations O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structures I-evidence |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Remarkably O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
found O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
of O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
can O |
|
influence O |
|
the O |
|
position O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
coenzyme B-chemical |
|
, O |
|
indicating O |
|
a O |
|
new O |
|
regulatory O |
|
mechanism O |
|
involving O |
|
enzyme O |
|
, O |
|
co O |
|
- O |
|
factor O |
|
and O |
|
substrates O |
|
interactions O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Moreover O |
|
, O |
|
structural B-experimental_method |
|
comparison I-experimental_method |
|
and I-experimental_method |
|
biochemical I-experimental_method |
|
studies I-experimental_method |
|
indicated O |
|
that O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
97 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
138 I-residue_name_number |
|
are O |
|
key O |
|
residues O |
|
for O |
|
catalytic O |
|
reaction O |
|
and O |
|
that O |
|
a O |
|
non B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
conserved I-protein_state |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β4 I-structure_element |
|
long I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
participates O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
regulation O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
activity O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Acetylation B-ptm |
|
is O |
|
one O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
most O |
|
ubiquitous O |
|
modifications O |
|
that O |
|
plays O |
|
a O |
|
vital O |
|
role O |
|
in O |
|
many O |
|
biological O |
|
processes O |
|
, O |
|
such O |
|
as O |
|
transcriptional O |
|
regulation O |
|
, O |
|
protein O |
|
- O |
|
protein O |
|
interaction O |
|
, O |
|
enzyme O |
|
activity O |
|
, O |
|
protein O |
|
stability O |
|
, O |
|
antibiotic O |
|
resistance O |
|
, O |
|
biological O |
|
rhythm O |
|
and O |
|
so O |
|
on O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Protein O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
can O |
|
be O |
|
grouped O |
|
into O |
|
lysine B-ptm |
|
Nε I-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
and O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
N B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
terminal I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
( O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Generally O |
|
, O |
|
Nε B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
refers O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
transfer O |
|
of O |
|
an O |
|
acetyl B-chemical |
|
group O |
|
from O |
|
an O |
|
acetyl B-chemical |
|
coenzyme I-chemical |
|
A I-chemical |
|
( O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
) O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
ε O |
|
- O |
|
amino O |
|
group O |
|
of O |
|
lysine B-residue_name |
|
. O |
|
|
|
This O |
|
kind O |
|
of O |
|
modification O |
|
is O |
|
catalyzed O |
|
by O |
|
lysine B-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferases I-protein_type |
|
( O |
|
KATs B-protein_type |
|
), O |
|
some O |
|
of O |
|
which O |
|
are O |
|
named O |
|
histone B-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferases I-protein_type |
|
( O |
|
HATs B-protein_type |
|
) O |
|
because O |
|
early O |
|
studies O |
|
focused O |
|
mostly O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
post O |
|
- O |
|
transcriptional O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
of O |
|
histones B-protein_type |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Despite O |
|
the O |
|
prominent O |
|
accomplishments O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
field O |
|
regarding O |
|
Nε B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
by O |
|
KATs B-protein_type |
|
for O |
|
over O |
|
50 O |
|
years O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
significance O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
more O |
|
evolutionarily O |
|
conserved O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
is O |
|
still O |
|
inconclusive O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
is O |
|
an O |
|
abundant O |
|
and O |
|
evolutionarily O |
|
conserved O |
|
modification O |
|
occurring O |
|
in O |
|
bacteria B-taxonomy_domain |
|
, O |
|
archaea B-taxonomy_domain |
|
and O |
|
eukaryotes B-taxonomy_domain |
|
. O |
|
|
|
It O |
|
is O |
|
estimated O |
|
that O |
|
about O |
|
80 O |
|
– O |
|
90 O |
|
% O |
|
of O |
|
soluble O |
|
human B-species |
|
proteins O |
|
and O |
|
50 O |
|
– O |
|
70 O |
|
% O |
|
of O |
|
yeast B-taxonomy_domain |
|
proteins O |
|
are O |
|
subjected O |
|
to O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
, O |
|
where O |
|
an O |
|
acetyl B-chemical |
|
moiety O |
|
is O |
|
transferred O |
|
from O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
α O |
|
- O |
|
amino O |
|
group O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
first O |
|
residue O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Recently O |
|
Nt O |
|
- O |
|
acetylome O |
|
expands O |
|
the O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
to O |
|
transmembrane O |
|
proteins O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Unlike O |
|
Nε B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
that O |
|
can O |
|
be O |
|
eliminated O |
|
by O |
|
deacetylases B-protein_type |
|
, O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
is O |
|
considered O |
|
irreversible B-protein_state |
|
since O |
|
no O |
|
corresponding O |
|
deacetylase B-protein_type |
|
is O |
|
found O |
|
to O |
|
date O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Although O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
has O |
|
been O |
|
regarded O |
|
as O |
|
a O |
|
co O |
|
- O |
|
translational O |
|
modification O |
|
traditionally O |
|
, O |
|
there O |
|
is O |
|
evidence O |
|
that O |
|
post O |
|
- O |
|
translational O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
exists O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
During O |
|
the O |
|
past O |
|
decades O |
|
, O |
|
a O |
|
large O |
|
number O |
|
of O |
|
Nt O |
|
- O |
|
acetylome O |
|
researches O |
|
have O |
|
shed O |
|
light O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
functional O |
|
roles O |
|
of O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
, O |
|
including O |
|
protein O |
|
degradation O |
|
, O |
|
subcellular O |
|
localization O |
|
, O |
|
protein O |
|
- O |
|
protein O |
|
interaction O |
|
, O |
|
protein O |
|
- O |
|
membrane O |
|
interaction O |
|
, O |
|
plant B-taxonomy_domain |
|
development O |
|
, O |
|
stress O |
|
- O |
|
response O |
|
and O |
|
protein O |
|
stability O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
is O |
|
carried O |
|
out O |
|
by O |
|
N B-protein_type |
|
- I-protein_type |
|
terminal I-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferases I-protein_type |
|
( O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
) O |
|
that O |
|
belong O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
GNAT B-protein_type |
|
superfamily I-protein_type |
|
. O |
|
|
|
To O |
|
date O |
|
, O |
|
six O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
( O |
|
NatA B-complex_assembly |
|
/ O |
|
B B-complex_assembly |
|
/ O |
|
C B-complex_assembly |
|
/ O |
|
D B-complex_assembly |
|
/ O |
|
E B-complex_assembly |
|
/ O |
|
F B-complex_assembly |
|
) O |
|
have O |
|
been O |
|
identified O |
|
in O |
|
eukaryotes B-taxonomy_domain |
|
. O |
|
|
|
About O |
|
40 O |
|
percent O |
|
of O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
of O |
|
soluble O |
|
proteins O |
|
in O |
|
cells O |
|
is O |
|
catalyzed O |
|
by O |
|
NatA B-complex_assembly |
|
complex O |
|
which O |
|
is O |
|
composed O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
catalytic O |
|
subunit O |
|
Naa10p B-protein |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
auxiliary O |
|
subunit O |
|
Naa15p B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
NatE B-complex_assembly |
|
was O |
|
found O |
|
to O |
|
physically O |
|
interact O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
NatA B-complex_assembly |
|
complex O |
|
without O |
|
any O |
|
observation O |
|
of O |
|
impact O |
|
on O |
|
NatA B-complex_assembly |
|
- O |
|
activity O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Two O |
|
other O |
|
multimeric O |
|
complexes O |
|
of O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
are O |
|
NatB B-complex_assembly |
|
and O |
|
NatC B-complex_assembly |
|
which O |
|
contain O |
|
the O |
|
catalytic O |
|
subunits O |
|
Naa20 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
Naa30 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
auxiliary O |
|
subunits O |
|
Naa25 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
Naa35 B-protein |
|
/ O |
|
Naa38 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
respectively O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Furthermore O |
|
, O |
|
only O |
|
the O |
|
catalytic O |
|
subunits O |
|
Naa40 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
were O |
|
found O |
|
for O |
|
NatD B-complex_assembly |
|
and O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
, O |
|
respectively O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Besides O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
, O |
|
accumulating O |
|
reports O |
|
have O |
|
proposed O |
|
Nε B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
carried O |
|
out O |
|
by O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
. O |
|
|
|
There O |
|
is O |
|
an O |
|
evolutionary O |
|
increasing O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
degree O |
|
of O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
between O |
|
yeast B-taxonomy_domain |
|
and O |
|
human B-species |
|
which O |
|
could O |
|
partly O |
|
be O |
|
explained O |
|
by O |
|
the O |
|
contribution O |
|
of O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
. O |
|
As O |
|
the O |
|
first O |
|
N B-protein_type |
|
- I-protein_type |
|
terminal I-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferase I-protein_type |
|
discovered O |
|
on O |
|
an O |
|
organelle O |
|
, O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
, O |
|
encoded O |
|
by O |
|
NAA60 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
also O |
|
named O |
|
as O |
|
Histone B-protein |
|
acetyltransferase I-protein |
|
type I-protein |
|
B I-protein |
|
protein I-protein |
|
4 I-protein |
|
( O |
|
HAT4 B-protein |
|
), O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
or O |
|
N B-protein |
|
- I-protein |
|
acetyltransferase I-protein |
|
15 I-protein |
|
( O |
|
NAT15 B-protein |
|
), O |
|
is O |
|
the O |
|
youngest O |
|
member O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
family O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Unlike O |
|
other O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
that O |
|
are O |
|
highly B-protein_state |
|
conserved I-protein_state |
|
among O |
|
lower B-taxonomy_domain |
|
and O |
|
higher B-taxonomy_domain |
|
eukaryotes I-taxonomy_domain |
|
, O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
only O |
|
exists O |
|
in O |
|
higher B-taxonomy_domain |
|
eukaryotes I-taxonomy_domain |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Subsequent O |
|
researches O |
|
indicated O |
|
that O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
displays O |
|
its O |
|
catalytic O |
|
ability O |
|
with O |
|
both O |
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
and O |
|
lysine B-ptm |
|
Nε I-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
. O |
|
|
|
As O |
|
an O |
|
N B-protein_type |
|
- I-protein_type |
|
terminal I-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferase I-protein_type |
|
, O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
can O |
|
specifically O |
|
catalyze O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
α O |
|
- O |
|
amine O |
|
of O |
|
most O |
|
transmembrane O |
|
proteins O |
|
and O |
|
has O |
|
substrate O |
|
preference O |
|
towards O |
|
proteins O |
|
with O |
|
Met B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
Lys I-structure_element |
|
-, I-structure_element |
|
Met B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
Val I-structure_element |
|
-, I-structure_element |
|
Met B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
Ala I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
Met B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
Met I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
termini O |
|
, O |
|
thus O |
|
partially O |
|
overlapping O |
|
substrate O |
|
selectivity O |
|
with O |
|
NatC B-complex_assembly |
|
and O |
|
NatE B-complex_assembly |
|
. O |
|
On O |
|
the O |
|
other O |
|
hand O |
|
, O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
, O |
|
with O |
|
its O |
|
lysine B-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferase I-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
, O |
|
mediates O |
|
the O |
|
lysine B-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
of O |
|
free O |
|
histone B-protein_type |
|
H4 B-protein_type |
|
, O |
|
including O |
|
H4K20 B-protein_type |
|
, O |
|
H4K79 B-protein_type |
|
and O |
|
H4K91 B-protein_type |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Another O |
|
important O |
|
feature O |
|
of O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
is O |
|
that O |
|
this O |
|
protein O |
|
is O |
|
anchored O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
Golgi O |
|
apparatus O |
|
through O |
|
its O |
|
C O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
membrane B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
integrating I-structure_element |
|
region I-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
takes O |
|
part O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
maintaining O |
|
of O |
|
Golgi O |
|
integrity O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
With O |
|
its O |
|
unique O |
|
intracellular O |
|
organellar O |
|
localization O |
|
and O |
|
substrate O |
|
selectivity O |
|
, O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
appears O |
|
to O |
|
provide O |
|
more O |
|
evolutionary O |
|
information O |
|
among O |
|
the O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
family O |
|
members O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
It O |
|
was O |
|
recently O |
|
found O |
|
that O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
facilitates O |
|
nucleosomes B-complex_assembly |
|
assembly O |
|
and O |
|
that O |
|
NAA60 B-protein |
|
knockdown O |
|
in O |
|
MCF7 O |
|
- O |
|
cell O |
|
inhibits O |
|
cell O |
|
proliferation O |
|
, O |
|
sensitizes O |
|
cells O |
|
to O |
|
DNA O |
|
damage O |
|
and O |
|
induces O |
|
cell O |
|
apoptosis O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
Drosophila B-taxonomy_domain |
|
cells O |
|
, O |
|
NAA60 B-protein |
|
knockdown O |
|
induces O |
|
chromosomal O |
|
segregation O |
|
defects O |
|
during O |
|
anaphase O |
|
including O |
|
lagging O |
|
chromosomes O |
|
and O |
|
chromosomal O |
|
bridges O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Much O |
|
recent O |
|
attention O |
|
has O |
|
also O |
|
been O |
|
focused O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
requirement O |
|
of O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
for O |
|
regulation O |
|
of O |
|
organellar O |
|
structure O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
HeLa O |
|
cells O |
|
, O |
|
NAA60 B-protein |
|
knockdown O |
|
causes O |
|
Golgi O |
|
apparatus O |
|
fragmentation O |
|
which O |
|
can O |
|
be O |
|
rescued O |
|
by O |
|
overexpression B-experimental_method |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
systematic O |
|
investigation O |
|
of O |
|
publicly O |
|
available O |
|
microarray O |
|
data O |
|
showed O |
|
that O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
share O |
|
distinct O |
|
tissue O |
|
- O |
|
specific O |
|
expression O |
|
patterns O |
|
in O |
|
Drosophila B-taxonomy_domain |
|
and O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
shows O |
|
a O |
|
higher O |
|
expression O |
|
level O |
|
in O |
|
central O |
|
nervous O |
|
system O |
|
of O |
|
Drosophila B-taxonomy_domain |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
this O |
|
study O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
solved B-experimental_method |
|
the O |
|
structures B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
human B-species |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
) O |
|
in B-protein_state |
|
complex I-protein_state |
|
with I-protein_state |
|
coenzyme B-chemical |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
protein O |
|
contains O |
|
a O |
|
unique O |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
α I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
following O |
|
its O |
|
GNAT B-structure_element |
|
domain I-structure_element |
|
that O |
|
might O |
|
account O |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
Golgi O |
|
localization O |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
protein O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Crystal B-evidence |
|
structures I-evidence |
|
showed O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
rotated O |
|
about O |
|
50 O |
|
degrees O |
|
upon O |
|
removing O |
|
the O |
|
C B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
terminal I-structure_element |
|
region I-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
and O |
|
this O |
|
movement O |
|
substantially O |
|
changed O |
|
the O |
|
geometry O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
substrate B-site |
|
- I-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
pocket I-site |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Remarkably O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
find O |
|
that O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
may O |
|
participate O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
proper O |
|
positioning O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
coenzyme B-chemical |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
transfer O |
|
reaction O |
|
to O |
|
occur O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Further O |
|
structure B-experimental_method |
|
comparison I-experimental_method |
|
and O |
|
biochemical B-experimental_method |
|
studies I-experimental_method |
|
also O |
|
identified O |
|
other O |
|
key O |
|
structural O |
|
elements O |
|
essential O |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Overall O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
|
|
In O |
|
the O |
|
effort O |
|
to O |
|
prepare O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
for O |
|
structural O |
|
studies O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
tried O |
|
a O |
|
large O |
|
number O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
constructs O |
|
but O |
|
all O |
|
failed O |
|
due O |
|
to O |
|
heavy O |
|
precipitation O |
|
or O |
|
aggregation O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Sequence B-experimental_method |
|
alignment I-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
from O |
|
different O |
|
species O |
|
revealed O |
|
a O |
|
Glu B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
Glu I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
Arg I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
EER B-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
versus O |
|
Val B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
Val I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
Pro I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
VVP B-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
sequence O |
|
difference O |
|
near O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminus O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
in O |
|
Xenopus B-species |
|
Laevis I-species |
|
versus O |
|
Homo B-species |
|
sapiens I-species |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Considering O |
|
that O |
|
terminal O |
|
residues O |
|
may O |
|
lack O |
|
higher O |
|
- O |
|
order O |
|
structure O |
|
and O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
residues O |
|
in O |
|
this O |
|
region O |
|
may O |
|
expose O |
|
to O |
|
solvent O |
|
and O |
|
hence O |
|
cause O |
|
protein O |
|
aggregation O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
mutated B-experimental_method |
|
residues O |
|
4 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
6 I-residue_range |
|
from O |
|
VVP B-mutant |
|
to I-mutant |
|
EER I-mutant |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
purpose O |
|
of O |
|
improving O |
|
solubility O |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
protein O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
According O |
|
to O |
|
previous O |
|
studies O |
|
, O |
|
this O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
region O |
|
should O |
|
not O |
|
interfere O |
|
with O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
’ O |
|
s O |
|
Golgi O |
|
localization O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
We O |
|
tried O |
|
many O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
constructs O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
three O |
|
- O |
|
residues O |
|
mutation B-experimental_method |
|
but O |
|
only O |
|
the O |
|
truncated B-protein_state |
|
variant O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
199 I-residue_range |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
full B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
length I-protein_state |
|
protein O |
|
behaved O |
|
well O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
We O |
|
obtained O |
|
the O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
truncated B-protein_state |
|
variant O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
199 I-residue_range |
|
in B-protein_state |
|
complex I-protein_state |
|
with I-protein_state |
|
CoA B-chemical |
|
first O |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
after O |
|
extensive O |
|
trials O |
|
we O |
|
got O |
|
the O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
full B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
length I-protein_state |
|
protein O |
|
( O |
|
spanning O |
|
residues O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
in B-protein_state |
|
complex I-protein_state |
|
with I-protein_state |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1B O |
|
, O |
|
C O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Hereafter O |
|
, O |
|
all O |
|
deletions O |
|
or O |
|
point O |
|
mutants B-protein_state |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
we O |
|
describe O |
|
here O |
|
are O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
EER B-structure_element |
|
mutation B-experimental_method |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structures I-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
and O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
were O |
|
determined O |
|
by O |
|
molecular B-experimental_method |
|
replacement I-experimental_method |
|
and O |
|
refined O |
|
to O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
38 O |
|
Å O |
|
and O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
60 O |
|
Å O |
|
resolution O |
|
, O |
|
respectively O |
|
( O |
|
Table O |
|
1 O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
electron B-evidence |
|
density I-evidence |
|
maps I-evidence |
|
were O |
|
of O |
|
sufficient O |
|
quality O |
|
to O |
|
trace O |
|
residues O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
211 I-residue_range |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
residues O |
|
5 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
199 I-residue_range |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
). I-mutant |
|
|
|
The O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
protein O |
|
contains O |
|
a O |
|
central B-structure_element |
|
domain I-structure_element |
|
exhibiting O |
|
a O |
|
classic O |
|
GCN5 B-protein_type |
|
- I-protein_type |
|
related I-protein_type |
|
N I-protein_type |
|
- I-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferase I-protein_type |
|
( O |
|
GNAT B-protein_type |
|
) O |
|
folding O |
|
, O |
|
along O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
extended B-protein_state |
|
N B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
and I-structure_element |
|
C I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
terminal I-structure_element |
|
regions I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1B O |
|
, O |
|
C O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
central B-structure_element |
|
domain I-structure_element |
|
includes O |
|
nine O |
|
β B-structure_element |
|
strands I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
β1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β9 I-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
four O |
|
α B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helixes I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α4 I-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
is O |
|
highly B-protein_state |
|
similar I-protein_state |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
known O |
|
hNaa50p B-protein |
|
and O |
|
other O |
|
reported O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1D O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
there O |
|
is O |
|
an O |
|
extra B-structure_element |
|
20 I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
residue I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
between O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
β4 B-structure_element |
|
that O |
|
forms O |
|
a O |
|
small B-structure_element |
|
subdomain I-structure_element |
|
with O |
|
well O |
|
- O |
|
defined O |
|
3D O |
|
structure O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1B O |
|
– O |
|
D O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Furthermore O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
strands I-structure_element |
|
form O |
|
an O |
|
approximately B-structure_element |
|
antiparallel I-structure_element |
|
β I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
structure I-structure_element |
|
remarkably O |
|
different O |
|
from O |
|
that O |
|
in O |
|
hNaa50p B-protein |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1D O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
N B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
and I-structure_element |
|
C I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
terminal I-structure_element |
|
regions I-structure_element |
|
form O |
|
helical B-structure_element |
|
structures I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
α0 B-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
stretching O |
|
out O |
|
from O |
|
the O |
|
central O |
|
GCN5 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
domain I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1C O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Interestingly O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
found O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
catalytic O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
is O |
|
much O |
|
lower O |
|
than O |
|
that O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
( O |
|
Figure O |
|
S1 O |
|
), O |
|
indicating O |
|
that O |
|
residues O |
|
200 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
may O |
|
have O |
|
some O |
|
auto O |
|
- O |
|
inhibitory O |
|
effect O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
since O |
|
this O |
|
region O |
|
was O |
|
not O |
|
visible O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structure I-evidence |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
do O |
|
not O |
|
yet O |
|
understand O |
|
how O |
|
this O |
|
happens O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Another O |
|
possibility O |
|
is O |
|
that O |
|
since O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
is O |
|
localized O |
|
on O |
|
Golgi O |
|
apparatus O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
observed O |
|
low O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
full B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
length I-protein_state |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
might O |
|
be O |
|
related O |
|
to O |
|
lack O |
|
of O |
|
Golgi O |
|
localization O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
in O |
|
our O |
|
in O |
|
vitro O |
|
studies O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
For O |
|
the O |
|
convenience O |
|
of O |
|
studying O |
|
the O |
|
kinetics O |
|
of O |
|
mutants B-protein_state |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
mutagenesis B-experimental_method |
|
studies I-experimental_method |
|
described O |
|
hereafter O |
|
were O |
|
all O |
|
based O |
|
on O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
). I-mutant |
|
|
|
An O |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
α I-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
C B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
terminal I-structure_element |
|
region I-structure_element |
|
may O |
|
contribute O |
|
to O |
|
Golgi O |
|
localization O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
|
|
There O |
|
is O |
|
one O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
molecule O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
asymmetric O |
|
unit O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
C B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
terminal I-structure_element |
|
region I-structure_element |
|
extended O |
|
from O |
|
the O |
|
GCN5 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
domain I-structure_element |
|
forms O |
|
an O |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
interacts O |
|
with O |
|
a O |
|
molecule O |
|
in O |
|
a O |
|
neighbor O |
|
asymmetric O |
|
unit O |
|
through O |
|
hydrophobic B-bond_interaction |
|
interactions I-bond_interaction |
|
between O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
a O |
|
hydrophobic B-site |
|
groove I-site |
|
between O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
β1 B-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
strands I-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
neighbor O |
|
molecule O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
2A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
C B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
terminal I-structure_element |
|
extension I-structure_element |
|
following O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
forms O |
|
a O |
|
β B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
turn I-structure_element |
|
that O |
|
wraps O |
|
around O |
|
and O |
|
interacts O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
neighbor O |
|
protein O |
|
molecule O |
|
through O |
|
hydrophobic B-bond_interaction |
|
interactions I-bond_interaction |
|
, O |
|
too O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
, O |
|
a O |
|
part O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
is O |
|
deleted O |
|
due O |
|
to O |
|
truncation O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
C B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
terminal I-structure_element |
|
region I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1B O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Interestingly O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
remaining O |
|
residues O |
|
in O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
still O |
|
form O |
|
an O |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
although O |
|
the O |
|
hydrophobic B-bond_interaction |
|
interaction I-bond_interaction |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
hydrophobic B-site |
|
groove I-site |
|
of O |
|
a O |
|
neighbor O |
|
molecule O |
|
is O |
|
abolished O |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
helix B-structure_element |
|
is O |
|
largely O |
|
exposed O |
|
in O |
|
solvent O |
|
due O |
|
to O |
|
different O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
packing I-evidence |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
2B O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
A O |
|
recent O |
|
research O |
|
showed O |
|
that O |
|
residues O |
|
182 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
216 I-residue_range |
|
are O |
|
important O |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
localization O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
on O |
|
Golgi O |
|
. O |
|
According O |
|
to O |
|
our O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
solvent B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
exposed I-protein_state |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
formed O |
|
by O |
|
residues O |
|
190 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
202 I-residue_range |
|
with O |
|
an O |
|
array O |
|
of O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
residues O |
|
located O |
|
on O |
|
one O |
|
side O |
|
( O |
|
Ile B-residue_name_number |
|
190 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
Leu B-residue_name_number |
|
191 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
Ile B-residue_name_number |
|
194 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
Leu B-residue_name_number |
|
197 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
Leu B-residue_name_number |
|
201 I-residue_name_number |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
hydrophilic O |
|
residues O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
other O |
|
side O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
S2 O |
|
) O |
|
might O |
|
account O |
|
for O |
|
interaction O |
|
between O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
Golgi O |
|
membrane O |
|
, O |
|
as O |
|
it O |
|
is O |
|
a O |
|
typical O |
|
structure O |
|
accounting O |
|
for O |
|
membrane O |
|
association O |
|
through O |
|
immersing O |
|
into O |
|
the O |
|
lipid O |
|
bi O |
|
- O |
|
layer O |
|
with O |
|
its O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
side O |
|
as O |
|
was O |
|
observed O |
|
with O |
|
KalSec14 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
Atg3 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
PB1 B-protein |
|
- I-protein |
|
F2 I-protein |
|
etc O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
showed O |
|
alternative O |
|
conformations O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structures I-evidence |
|
|
|
Superposition B-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
, O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
and O |
|
hNaa50 B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
peptide I-complex_assembly |
|
( O |
|
PDB O |
|
3TFY O |
|
) O |
|
revealed O |
|
considerable O |
|
difference O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
region O |
|
despite O |
|
the O |
|
overall O |
|
stability O |
|
and O |
|
similarity O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
GNAT B-structure_element |
|
domain I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1D O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
), O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
is O |
|
located O |
|
in O |
|
close O |
|
proximity O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α2 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
, O |
|
creating O |
|
a O |
|
more O |
|
compact O |
|
substrate B-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
site I-site |
|
than O |
|
that O |
|
in O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
where O |
|
this O |
|
region O |
|
adopts O |
|
a O |
|
more O |
|
flexible B-protein_state |
|
loop B-structure_element |
|
conformation O |
|
( O |
|
β6 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β7 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Upon O |
|
removing B-experimental_method |
|
the O |
|
C B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
terminal I-structure_element |
|
region I-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
observed O |
|
that O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
molecules O |
|
pack O |
|
in O |
|
a O |
|
different O |
|
way O |
|
involving O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
, O |
|
leading O |
|
to O |
|
about O |
|
50 O |
|
degree O |
|
rotation O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
hairpin B-structure_element |
|
which O |
|
moves O |
|
away O |
|
from O |
|
the O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α2 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
Figs O |
|
1D O |
|
and O |
|
2C O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
This O |
|
conformational O |
|
change O |
|
substantially O |
|
altered O |
|
the O |
|
geometry O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
substrate B-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
site I-site |
|
, O |
|
which O |
|
could O |
|
potentially O |
|
change O |
|
the O |
|
way O |
|
in O |
|
which O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
accesses O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
), O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
covers O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
in O |
|
a O |
|
way O |
|
similar O |
|
to O |
|
that O |
|
observed O |
|
in O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
presumably O |
|
leaving O |
|
only O |
|
one O |
|
way O |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
to O |
|
access O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
, O |
|
i O |
|
. O |
|
e O |
|
. O |
|
to O |
|
enter O |
|
from O |
|
the O |
|
opposite O |
|
end O |
|
into O |
|
the O |
|
same O |
|
tunnel B-site |
|
where O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
/ O |
|
CoA B-chemical |
|
binds O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
2D O |
|
), O |
|
which O |
|
may O |
|
accommodate O |
|
access O |
|
of O |
|
a O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
substrate O |
|
only O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
toward O |
|
histone B-protein_type |
|
H4 B-protein_type |
|
has O |
|
been O |
|
noted O |
|
in O |
|
previous O |
|
study O |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
our O |
|
enzyme B-evidence |
|
kinetic I-evidence |
|
data I-evidence |
|
also O |
|
indicated O |
|
that O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
can O |
|
acetylate O |
|
H3 B-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
H4 I-complex_assembly |
|
tetramer B-oligomeric_state |
|
in O |
|
vitro O |
|
( O |
|
Figure O |
|
S3 O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Furthermore O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
analyzed O |
|
the O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
status O |
|
of O |
|
histone B-protein_type |
|
H3 B-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
H4 I-complex_assembly |
|
tetramer B-oligomeric_state |
|
using O |
|
mass B-experimental_method |
|
spectrometry I-experimental_method |
|
and O |
|
observed O |
|
that O |
|
multiple O |
|
lysine B-residue_name |
|
residues O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
showed O |
|
significantly O |
|
increased O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
level O |
|
and O |
|
changed O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
profile O |
|
upon O |
|
treatment O |
|
with O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
( O |
|
Figure O |
|
S4 O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
We O |
|
also O |
|
conducted O |
|
liquid B-experimental_method |
|
chromatography I-experimental_method |
|
- I-experimental_method |
|
tandem I-experimental_method |
|
mass I-experimental_method |
|
spectrometry I-experimental_method |
|
( O |
|
LC B-experimental_method |
|
/ I-experimental_method |
|
MS I-experimental_method |
|
/ I-experimental_method |
|
MS I-experimental_method |
|
) O |
|
analysis O |
|
on O |
|
a O |
|
synthetic O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
( O |
|
NH2 B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
MKGKEEKEGGAR I-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
COOH I-chemical |
|
) O |
|
after O |
|
treatment O |
|
with O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
), I-mutant |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
data O |
|
confirmed O |
|
that O |
|
both O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
α O |
|
- O |
|
amine O |
|
and O |
|
lysine B-residue_name |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
ε O |
|
- O |
|
amine O |
|
were O |
|
robustly O |
|
acetylated B-protein_state |
|
after O |
|
the O |
|
treatment O |
|
( O |
|
Table O |
|
S1 O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Recent O |
|
structural B-experimental_method |
|
investigation I-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
other O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
proposed O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
β6 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β7 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
, O |
|
corresponding O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α2 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
flanking O |
|
the O |
|
substrate B-site |
|
- I-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
site I-site |
|
of O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
, O |
|
prevent O |
|
the O |
|
lysine B-residue_name |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
substrates O |
|
from O |
|
inserting O |
|
into O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Indeed O |
|
, O |
|
superposition B-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
on O |
|
that O |
|
of O |
|
Hat1p B-protein |
|
, O |
|
a O |
|
typical O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
, O |
|
in B-protein_state |
|
complex I-protein_state |
|
with I-protein_state |
|
a O |
|
histone B-protein_type |
|
H4 B-protein_type |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
revealed O |
|
obvious O |
|
overlapping O |
|
/ O |
|
clashing O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
H4 B-protein_type |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
( O |
|
a O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
substrate O |
|
) O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
2D O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Interestingly O |
|
, O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structure I-evidence |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
displaced O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
opened O |
|
a O |
|
second O |
|
way O |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
to O |
|
access O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
center I-site |
|
that O |
|
would O |
|
readily O |
|
accommodate O |
|
the O |
|
binding O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
H4 B-protein_type |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
2E O |
|
), O |
|
thus O |
|
implied O |
|
a O |
|
potential O |
|
explanation O |
|
for O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
enzyme O |
|
from O |
|
a O |
|
structural O |
|
biological O |
|
view O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
since O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 O |
|
- O |
|
199 O |
|
) O |
|
were O |
|
crystallized B-experimental_method |
|
in O |
|
different O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
forms I-evidence |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
observed O |
|
conformational O |
|
change O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
may O |
|
simply O |
|
be O |
|
an O |
|
artifact O |
|
related O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
different O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
packing I-evidence |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Whether O |
|
the O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
substrates O |
|
bind O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
displaced O |
|
conformation O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
needs O |
|
to O |
|
be O |
|
verified O |
|
by O |
|
further O |
|
structural B-experimental_method |
|
and I-experimental_method |
|
functional I-experimental_method |
|
studies I-experimental_method |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
facilitates O |
|
proper O |
|
positioning O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
cofactor O |
|
for O |
|
acetyl B-chemical |
|
- O |
|
transfer O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
electron B-evidence |
|
density I-evidence |
|
of O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
is O |
|
well O |
|
defined O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
, O |
|
but O |
|
becomes O |
|
invisible O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
, O |
|
indicating O |
|
displacement O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
latter O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
3A O |
|
, O |
|
B O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
A O |
|
solvent O |
|
- O |
|
derived O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
molecule O |
|
is O |
|
found O |
|
beside O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
ethanethioate B-chemical |
|
moiety O |
|
of O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
high O |
|
- O |
|
resolution O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
3A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Superposition B-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
on O |
|
that O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa50p B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
peptide I-complex_assembly |
|
shows O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
molecule O |
|
overlaps O |
|
well O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
methionine B-residue_name |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
and O |
|
residue O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
overlaps O |
|
well O |
|
on O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
27 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
4A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Interestingly O |
|
, O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
terminal O |
|
thiol O |
|
of O |
|
CoA B-chemical |
|
adopts O |
|
alternative O |
|
conformations O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
One O |
|
is O |
|
to O |
|
approach O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
amine B-chemical |
|
( O |
|
as O |
|
indicated O |
|
by O |
|
the O |
|
superimposed B-experimental_method |
|
hNaa50 B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
peptide I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
), O |
|
similar O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
terminal O |
|
ethanethioate B-chemical |
|
of O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
; O |
|
the O |
|
other O |
|
is O |
|
to O |
|
approach O |
|
the O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α2 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
away O |
|
from O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
amine O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
3B O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
To O |
|
rule O |
|
out O |
|
the O |
|
possibility O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
electron B-evidence |
|
density I-evidence |
|
we O |
|
define O |
|
as O |
|
the O |
|
alternative O |
|
conformation O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
thiol O |
|
terminus O |
|
is O |
|
residual O |
|
electron B-evidence |
|
density I-evidence |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
displaced O |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
of O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
solved B-experimental_method |
|
the O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structure I-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
) I-complex_assembly |
|
F34A I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
. O |
|
The O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
mutant B-protein_state |
|
is O |
|
highly O |
|
similar O |
|
to O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
and O |
|
there O |
|
is O |
|
essentially O |
|
the O |
|
same O |
|
electron B-evidence |
|
density I-evidence |
|
corresponding O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
alternative O |
|
conformation O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
thiol O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
3C O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
27 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
hNaa50p B-protein |
|
( O |
|
equivalent O |
|
to O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
) O |
|
has O |
|
been O |
|
implicated O |
|
to O |
|
facilitate O |
|
the O |
|
binding O |
|
of O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
methionine B-residue_name |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
through O |
|
hydrophobic B-bond_interaction |
|
interaction I-bond_interaction |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
, O |
|
a O |
|
hydrophilic O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
molecule O |
|
is O |
|
found O |
|
at O |
|
the O |
|
same O |
|
location O |
|
where O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
methionine B-residue_name |
|
should O |
|
bind O |
|
as O |
|
is O |
|
indicated O |
|
by O |
|
the O |
|
superposition B-experimental_method |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
3A O |
|
), O |
|
suggesting O |
|
that O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
may O |
|
accommodate O |
|
binding O |
|
of O |
|
hydrophilic O |
|
substrate O |
|
, O |
|
too O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Moreover O |
|
, O |
|
orientation O |
|
of O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
seems O |
|
to O |
|
be O |
|
co O |
|
- O |
|
related O |
|
to O |
|
positioning O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
terminus O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
co O |
|
- O |
|
enzyme O |
|
and O |
|
important O |
|
for O |
|
placing O |
|
it O |
|
at O |
|
a O |
|
location O |
|
in O |
|
close O |
|
proximity O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
amine O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
We O |
|
hypothesize O |
|
that O |
|
if O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
only O |
|
works O |
|
to O |
|
facilitate O |
|
the O |
|
binding O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
Met B-residue_name |
|
residue O |
|
, O |
|
to O |
|
mutate B-experimental_method |
|
it O |
|
from O |
|
Phe B-residue_name |
|
to O |
|
Ala B-residue_name |
|
would O |
|
not O |
|
abolish O |
|
the O |
|
catalytic O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
enzyme O |
|
, O |
|
while O |
|
if O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
also O |
|
plays O |
|
an O |
|
essential O |
|
role O |
|
to O |
|
position O |
|
the O |
|
ethanethioate B-chemical |
|
moiety O |
|
of O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
mutation B-experimental_method |
|
would O |
|
be O |
|
expected O |
|
to O |
|
abrogate O |
|
the O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Indeed O |
|
, O |
|
our O |
|
enzyme B-evidence |
|
kinetic I-evidence |
|
data I-evidence |
|
showed O |
|
that O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
F34A B-mutant |
|
mutant B-protein_state |
|
showed O |
|
no O |
|
detectable O |
|
activity O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
5A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
order O |
|
to O |
|
rule O |
|
out O |
|
the O |
|
possibility O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
observed O |
|
loss O |
|
of O |
|
activity O |
|
may O |
|
be O |
|
related O |
|
to O |
|
bad O |
|
folding O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
mutant B-protein_state |
|
protein O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
studied O |
|
the O |
|
circular B-experimental_method |
|
dichroism I-experimental_method |
|
( O |
|
CD B-experimental_method |
|
) O |
|
spectrum B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
5B O |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
determined O |
|
its O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structure I-evidence |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
3C O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Both O |
|
studies O |
|
proved O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
F34A B-mutant |
|
mutant B-protein_state |
|
protein O |
|
is O |
|
well B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
folded I-protein_state |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Many O |
|
studies O |
|
have O |
|
addressed O |
|
the O |
|
crucial O |
|
effect O |
|
of O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α2 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
on O |
|
catalysis O |
|
, O |
|
showing O |
|
that O |
|
some O |
|
residues O |
|
located O |
|
in O |
|
this O |
|
area O |
|
are O |
|
involved O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
binding O |
|
of O |
|
substrates O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
We O |
|
propose O |
|
that O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
may O |
|
play O |
|
a O |
|
dual O |
|
role O |
|
both O |
|
in O |
|
interacting O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
substrate O |
|
( O |
|
recognition O |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
in O |
|
positioning O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
ethanethioate B-chemical |
|
moiety O |
|
of O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
right O |
|
location O |
|
to O |
|
facilitate O |
|
acetyl B-chemical |
|
- O |
|
transfer O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Structural O |
|
basis O |
|
for O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
substrate O |
|
binding O |
|
|
|
Several O |
|
studies O |
|
have O |
|
demonstrated O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
specificities O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
are O |
|
highly O |
|
overlapped O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa50p B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
peptide I-complex_assembly |
|
provides O |
|
detailed O |
|
information O |
|
about O |
|
the O |
|
position O |
|
of O |
|
substrate O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
residues O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
of O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Comparing O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
with O |
|
hNaa50p B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
peptide I-complex_assembly |
|
revealed O |
|
that O |
|
key O |
|
catalytic B-site |
|
and I-site |
|
substrate I-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
residues I-site |
|
are O |
|
highly B-protein_state |
|
conserved I-protein_state |
|
in O |
|
both O |
|
proteins O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
4A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
With O |
|
respect O |
|
to O |
|
catalysis O |
|
, O |
|
hNaa50p B-protein |
|
has O |
|
been O |
|
shown O |
|
to O |
|
employ O |
|
residues O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
73 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
112 I-residue_name_number |
|
to O |
|
abstract O |
|
proton O |
|
from O |
|
the O |
|
α O |
|
- O |
|
amino O |
|
group O |
|
from O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
’ O |
|
s O |
|
first O |
|
residue O |
|
through O |
|
a O |
|
well B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
ordered I-protein_state |
|
water B-chemical |
|
. O |
|
|
|
A O |
|
well B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
ordered I-protein_state |
|
water B-chemical |
|
was O |
|
also O |
|
found O |
|
between O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
97 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
138 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
and O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
4B O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
To O |
|
determine O |
|
the O |
|
function O |
|
of O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
97 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
138 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
catalysis O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
mutated B-experimental_method |
|
these O |
|
residues O |
|
to O |
|
alanine B-residue_name |
|
and O |
|
phenylalanine B-residue_name |
|
, O |
|
respectively O |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
confirmed O |
|
that O |
|
all O |
|
these O |
|
mutants B-protein_state |
|
used O |
|
in O |
|
our O |
|
kinetic B-experimental_method |
|
assays I-experimental_method |
|
are O |
|
well B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
folded I-protein_state |
|
by O |
|
CD B-experimental_method |
|
spectra B-evidence |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
5B O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Purity O |
|
of O |
|
all O |
|
proteins O |
|
were O |
|
also O |
|
analyzed O |
|
by O |
|
SDS B-experimental_method |
|
- I-experimental_method |
|
PAGE I-experimental_method |
|
( O |
|
Figure O |
|
S5 O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
As O |
|
show O |
|
in O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
5A O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
mutants B-protein_state |
|
Y97A B-mutant |
|
, O |
|
Y97F B-mutant |
|
, O |
|
H138A B-mutant |
|
and O |
|
H138F B-mutant |
|
abolished B-protein_state |
|
the I-protein_state |
|
activity I-protein_state |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
contrast O |
|
, O |
|
to O |
|
mutate B-experimental_method |
|
the O |
|
nearby O |
|
solvent B-protein_state |
|
exposed I-protein_state |
|
residue O |
|
Glu B-residue_name_number |
|
37 I-residue_name_number |
|
to O |
|
Ala B-residue_name |
|
( O |
|
E37A B-mutant |
|
) O |
|
has O |
|
little O |
|
impact O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
Figs O |
|
4B O |
|
and O |
|
5A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
conclusion O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
structural B-experimental_method |
|
and I-experimental_method |
|
functional I-experimental_method |
|
studies I-experimental_method |
|
indicate O |
|
that O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
applies O |
|
the O |
|
same O |
|
two O |
|
base O |
|
mechanism O |
|
through O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
97 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
138 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
a O |
|
well B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
ordered I-protein_state |
|
water B-chemical |
|
as O |
|
was O |
|
described O |
|
for O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
molecule O |
|
observed O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structure I-evidence |
|
may O |
|
be O |
|
indicative O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
binding O |
|
position O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
since O |
|
it O |
|
is O |
|
located O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
and O |
|
overlaps O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
Met B-residue_name |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
superposition B-experimental_method |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa50p B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
peptide I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
4A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Residues O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
38 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
Asn B-residue_name_number |
|
143 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
165 I-residue_name_number |
|
are O |
|
located O |
|
around O |
|
the O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
and O |
|
interact O |
|
with O |
|
it O |
|
through O |
|
direct O |
|
hydrogen B-bond_interaction |
|
bonds I-bond_interaction |
|
or O |
|
water B-bond_interaction |
|
bridge I-bond_interaction |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
4C O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Although O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
is O |
|
negatively O |
|
charged O |
|
, O |
|
which O |
|
is O |
|
different O |
|
from O |
|
that O |
|
of O |
|
lysine B-residue_name |
|
ε O |
|
- O |
|
amine O |
|
or O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
amine O |
|
, O |
|
similar O |
|
hydrophilic B-bond_interaction |
|
interactions I-bond_interaction |
|
may O |
|
take O |
|
place O |
|
when O |
|
substrate O |
|
amine O |
|
presents O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
same O |
|
position O |
|
, O |
|
since O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
38 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
Asn B-residue_name_number |
|
143 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
165 I-residue_name_number |
|
are O |
|
not O |
|
positively O |
|
or O |
|
negatively O |
|
charged O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
agreement O |
|
with O |
|
this O |
|
hypothesis O |
|
, O |
|
it O |
|
was O |
|
found O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
Y38A B-mutant |
|
, O |
|
N143A B-mutant |
|
and O |
|
Y165A B-mutant |
|
mutants B-protein_state |
|
all O |
|
showed O |
|
remarkably O |
|
reduced O |
|
activities O |
|
as O |
|
compared O |
|
to O |
|
WT B-protein_state |
|
, O |
|
implying O |
|
that O |
|
these O |
|
residues O |
|
may O |
|
be O |
|
critical O |
|
for O |
|
substrate O |
|
binding O |
|
( O |
|
Figs O |
|
4C O |
|
and O |
|
5A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β4 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
participates O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
regulation O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
- O |
|
activity O |
|
|
|
Residues O |
|
between O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
β4 B-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
form O |
|
a O |
|
unique O |
|
20 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
residue I-structure_element |
|
long I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
residues O |
|
73 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
92 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
that O |
|
is O |
|
a O |
|
short B-structure_element |
|
turn I-structure_element |
|
in O |
|
many O |
|
other O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
members O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1D O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Previous O |
|
study O |
|
indicated O |
|
that O |
|
auto B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60K79 B-protein |
|
could O |
|
influence O |
|
the O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
; O |
|
however O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
were O |
|
not O |
|
able O |
|
to O |
|
determine O |
|
if O |
|
Lys B-residue_name_number |
|
79 I-residue_name_number |
|
is O |
|
acetylated B-protein_state |
|
in O |
|
our O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structures I-evidence |
|
due O |
|
to O |
|
poor O |
|
quality O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
electron B-evidence |
|
density I-evidence |
|
of O |
|
Lys B-residue_name_number |
|
79 I-residue_name_number |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
We O |
|
therefore O |
|
used O |
|
mass B-experimental_method |
|
spectrometry I-experimental_method |
|
to O |
|
analyze O |
|
if O |
|
Lys B-residue_name_number |
|
79 I-residue_name_number |
|
was O |
|
acetylated B-protein_state |
|
in O |
|
our O |
|
bacterially O |
|
purified O |
|
proteins O |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
observed O |
|
no O |
|
modification O |
|
on O |
|
this O |
|
residue O |
|
( O |
|
Figure O |
|
S6 O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
To O |
|
assess O |
|
the O |
|
impact O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60K79 B-protein |
|
auto B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
studied O |
|
the O |
|
kinetics O |
|
of O |
|
K79R B-mutant |
|
and O |
|
K79Q B-mutant |
|
mutants B-protein_state |
|
which O |
|
mimic O |
|
the O |
|
un B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
acetylated I-protein_state |
|
and O |
|
acetylated B-protein_state |
|
form O |
|
of O |
|
Lys B-residue_name_number |
|
79 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
respectively O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Interestingly O |
|
, O |
|
both O |
|
K79R B-mutant |
|
and O |
|
K79Q B-mutant |
|
mutants B-protein_state |
|
led O |
|
to O |
|
an O |
|
increase O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
catalytic O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
while O |
|
K79A B-mutant |
|
mutant B-protein_state |
|
led O |
|
to O |
|
modest O |
|
decrease O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
activity O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
5A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
These O |
|
data O |
|
indicate O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
of O |
|
Lys B-residue_name_number |
|
79 I-residue_name_number |
|
is O |
|
not O |
|
required O |
|
for O |
|
optimal O |
|
catalytic O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
in O |
|
vitro O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
It O |
|
is O |
|
noted O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β4 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
acts O |
|
like O |
|
a O |
|
door O |
|
leaf O |
|
to O |
|
partly O |
|
cover O |
|
the O |
|
substrate B-site |
|
- I-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
pathway I-site |
|
. O |
|
|
|
We O |
|
hence O |
|
hypothesize O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β4 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
may O |
|
interfere O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
access O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
substrates O |
|
and O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
solvent B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
exposing I-protein_state |
|
Lys B-residue_name_number |
|
79 I-residue_name_number |
|
may O |
|
play O |
|
a O |
|
potential O |
|
role O |
|
to O |
|
remove O |
|
the O |
|
door O |
|
leaf O |
|
when O |
|
it O |
|
hovers O |
|
in O |
|
solvent O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
4D O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Acidic O |
|
residues O |
|
Glu B-residue_name_number |
|
80 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
Asp B-residue_name_number |
|
81 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
Asp B-residue_name_number |
|
83 I-residue_name_number |
|
interact O |
|
with O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
138 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
159 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
158 I-residue_name_number |
|
to O |
|
maintain O |
|
the O |
|
conformation O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β4 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
, O |
|
thus O |
|
contribute O |
|
to O |
|
control O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
binding O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
4D O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
To O |
|
verify O |
|
this O |
|
hypothesis O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
mutated B-experimental_method |
|
Glu B-residue_name_number |
|
80 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
Asp B-residue_name_number |
|
81 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
Asp B-residue_name_number |
|
83 I-residue_name_number |
|
to O |
|
Ala B-residue_name |
|
respectively O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
line O |
|
with O |
|
our O |
|
hypothesis O |
|
, O |
|
E80A B-mutant |
|
, O |
|
D81A B-mutant |
|
and O |
|
D83A B-mutant |
|
mutants B-protein_state |
|
exhibit O |
|
at O |
|
least O |
|
2 O |
|
- O |
|
fold O |
|
increase O |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
- O |
|
activity O |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
5A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Interestingly O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
an O |
|
ancestral O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
from O |
|
S B-species |
|
. I-species |
|
solfataricus I-species |
|
also O |
|
exhibits O |
|
a O |
|
10 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
residue I-structure_element |
|
long I-structure_element |
|
extension I-structure_element |
|
between O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
β4 B-structure_element |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
structure B-experimental_method |
|
and I-experimental_method |
|
biochemical I-experimental_method |
|
studies I-experimental_method |
|
showed O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
extension B-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
SsNat B-protein |
|
has O |
|
the O |
|
ability O |
|
to O |
|
stabilize O |
|
structure O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
and O |
|
potentiate O |
|
SsNat B-protein |
|
- O |
|
activity O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Nt B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
, O |
|
which O |
|
is O |
|
carried O |
|
out O |
|
by O |
|
the O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
family I-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferases I-protein_type |
|
, O |
|
is O |
|
an O |
|
ancient O |
|
and O |
|
essential O |
|
modification O |
|
of O |
|
proteins O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Although O |
|
many O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
are O |
|
highly B-protein_state |
|
conserved I-protein_state |
|
from O |
|
lower B-taxonomy_domain |
|
to O |
|
higher B-taxonomy_domain |
|
eukaryotes I-taxonomy_domain |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
bias O |
|
of O |
|
them O |
|
appears O |
|
to O |
|
be O |
|
partially O |
|
overlapped O |
|
, O |
|
there O |
|
is O |
|
a O |
|
significant O |
|
increase O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
overall O |
|
level O |
|
of O |
|
N B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
terminal I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
from O |
|
lower B-taxonomy_domain |
|
to O |
|
higher B-taxonomy_domain |
|
eukaryotes I-taxonomy_domain |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
this O |
|
study O |
|
we O |
|
provide O |
|
structural O |
|
insights O |
|
into O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
found O |
|
only O |
|
in O |
|
multicellular B-taxonomy_domain |
|
eukaryotes I-taxonomy_domain |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminus O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
harbors O |
|
three O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
residues O |
|
( O |
|
VVP B-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
that O |
|
makes O |
|
it O |
|
very O |
|
difficult O |
|
to O |
|
express O |
|
and O |
|
purify O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
This O |
|
problem O |
|
was O |
|
solved O |
|
by O |
|
replacing B-experimental_method |
|
residues O |
|
4 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
6 I-residue_range |
|
from O |
|
VVP B-structure_element |
|
to O |
|
EER B-structure_element |
|
that O |
|
are O |
|
found O |
|
in O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
from O |
|
Xenopus B-species |
|
Laevis I-species |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Since O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
from O |
|
human B-species |
|
and O |
|
from O |
|
Xenopus B-species |
|
Laevis I-species |
|
are O |
|
highly B-protein_state |
|
homologous I-protein_state |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1A O |
|
), O |
|
we O |
|
speculate O |
|
that O |
|
these O |
|
two O |
|
proteins O |
|
should O |
|
have O |
|
the O |
|
same O |
|
biological O |
|
function O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Therefore O |
|
it O |
|
is O |
|
deduced O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
VVP B-mutant |
|
to I-mutant |
|
EER I-mutant |
|
replacement B-experimental_method |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminus O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
may O |
|
not O |
|
interfere O |
|
with O |
|
its O |
|
function O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminus O |
|
adopts O |
|
an O |
|
α B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helical I-structure_element |
|
structure I-structure_element |
|
which O |
|
will O |
|
probably O |
|
be O |
|
kinked O |
|
if O |
|
residue O |
|
6 B-residue_number |
|
is O |
|
proline B-residue_name |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1C O |
|
), O |
|
and O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminus O |
|
adopts O |
|
a O |
|
different O |
|
semi B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helical I-structure_element |
|
structure I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
Fig O |
|
. O |
|
1B O |
|
) O |
|
likely O |
|
due O |
|
to O |
|
different O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
packing I-evidence |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Hence O |
|
it O |
|
is O |
|
not O |
|
clear O |
|
if O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
end O |
|
of O |
|
wild B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
type I-protein_state |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
is O |
|
an O |
|
α B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
what O |
|
roles O |
|
the O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
residues O |
|
4 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
6 I-residue_range |
|
play O |
|
in O |
|
structure O |
|
and O |
|
function O |
|
of O |
|
wild B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
type I-protein_state |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
addition O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
three O |
|
- O |
|
residue O |
|
mutation B-experimental_method |
|
( O |
|
VVP B-structure_element |
|
to O |
|
EER B-structure_element |
|
), O |
|
we O |
|
also O |
|
tried O |
|
many O |
|
other O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
constructs O |
|
, O |
|
but O |
|
only O |
|
the O |
|
full B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
length I-protein_state |
|
protein O |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
truncated B-protein_state |
|
variant O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
199 I-residue_range |
|
behaved O |
|
well O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
finding O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
catalytic O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
is O |
|
much O |
|
lower O |
|
than O |
|
that O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
is O |
|
intriguing O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
We O |
|
speculate O |
|
that O |
|
low O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
full B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
length I-protein_state |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
might O |
|
be O |
|
related O |
|
to O |
|
lack O |
|
of O |
|
Golgi O |
|
localization O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
in O |
|
our O |
|
in O |
|
vitro O |
|
studies O |
|
or O |
|
there O |
|
remains O |
|
some O |
|
undiscovered O |
|
auto O |
|
- O |
|
inhibitory O |
|
regulation O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
full B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
length I-protein_state |
|
protein O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
protein O |
|
was O |
|
proven O |
|
to O |
|
be O |
|
localized O |
|
on O |
|
Golgi O |
|
apparatus O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Aksnes O |
|
and O |
|
colleagues O |
|
predicted O |
|
putative O |
|
transmembrane B-structure_element |
|
domains I-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
two O |
|
putative O |
|
sites O |
|
of O |
|
S B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
palmitoylation I-ptm |
|
, O |
|
by O |
|
bioinformatics O |
|
means O |
|
, O |
|
to O |
|
account O |
|
for O |
|
Golgi O |
|
localization O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
They O |
|
then O |
|
mutated B-experimental_method |
|
all O |
|
five O |
|
cysteine B-residue_name |
|
residues O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
’ O |
|
s O |
|
to O |
|
serine B-residue_name |
|
, O |
|
including O |
|
the O |
|
two O |
|
putative O |
|
S B-site |
|
- I-site |
|
palmitoylation I-site |
|
sites I-site |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
these O |
|
mutations B-experimental_method |
|
did O |
|
not O |
|
abolish O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
membrane O |
|
localization O |
|
, O |
|
indicating O |
|
that O |
|
S B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
palmitoylation I-ptm |
|
is O |
|
unlikely O |
|
to O |
|
( O |
|
solely O |
|
) O |
|
account O |
|
for O |
|
targeting O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
on O |
|
Golgi O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Furthermore O |
|
, O |
|
adding B-experimental_method |
|
residues O |
|
217 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
containing O |
|
residues O |
|
217 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
236 I-residue_range |
|
, O |
|
one O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
putative O |
|
transmembrane B-structure_element |
|
domains I-structure_element |
|
) O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
C O |
|
terminus O |
|
of O |
|
eGFP B-experimental_method |
|
were O |
|
not O |
|
sufficient O |
|
to O |
|
localize O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
on O |
|
Golgi O |
|
apparatus O |
|
, O |
|
while O |
|
eGFP B-experimental_method |
|
- O |
|
hNaa60182 B-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
242 I-mutant |
|
was O |
|
sufficient O |
|
to O |
|
, O |
|
suggesting O |
|
that O |
|
residues O |
|
182 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
216 I-residue_range |
|
are O |
|
important O |
|
for O |
|
Golgi O |
|
localization O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
We O |
|
found O |
|
that O |
|
residues O |
|
190 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
202 I-residue_range |
|
formed O |
|
an O |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
with O |
|
an O |
|
array O |
|
of O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
residues O |
|
located O |
|
on O |
|
one O |
|
side O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
This O |
|
observation O |
|
is O |
|
reminiscent O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
/ O |
|
membrane O |
|
interaction O |
|
through O |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
helices I-structure_element |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
cases O |
|
of O |
|
KalSec14 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
Atg3 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
PB1 B-protein |
|
- I-protein |
|
F2 I-protein |
|
etc O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
this O |
|
model O |
|
an O |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
can O |
|
immerse O |
|
its O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
side O |
|
into O |
|
the O |
|
lipid O |
|
bilayer O |
|
through O |
|
hydrophobic B-bond_interaction |
|
interactions I-bond_interaction |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Therefore O |
|
we O |
|
propose O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
amphipathic B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
may O |
|
contribute O |
|
to O |
|
Golgi O |
|
localization O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Previous O |
|
studies O |
|
indicated O |
|
that O |
|
members O |
|
of O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
family O |
|
are O |
|
bi O |
|
- O |
|
functional O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
and O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
enzymes O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
known O |
|
structures B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
do O |
|
not O |
|
well O |
|
support O |
|
this O |
|
hypothesis O |
|
, O |
|
since O |
|
the O |
|
β6 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β7 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
/ O |
|
loop B-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
most O |
|
of O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
is O |
|
involved O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
formation O |
|
of O |
|
a O |
|
tunnel B-site |
|
- I-site |
|
like I-site |
|
substrate I-site |
|
- I-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
site I-site |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α2 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
, O |
|
which O |
|
would O |
|
be O |
|
good O |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
but O |
|
not O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Kinetic B-experimental_method |
|
studies I-experimental_method |
|
have O |
|
been O |
|
conducted O |
|
to O |
|
compare O |
|
the O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
and O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
in O |
|
vitro O |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
indicate O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
Naa50 B-protein |
|
is O |
|
much O |
|
higher O |
|
than O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
used O |
|
in O |
|
this O |
|
study O |
|
for O |
|
assessing O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
was O |
|
a O |
|
small O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
which O |
|
could O |
|
not O |
|
really O |
|
mimic O |
|
the O |
|
3D B-evidence |
|
structure I-evidence |
|
of O |
|
a O |
|
folded B-protein_state |
|
protein O |
|
substrate O |
|
in O |
|
vivo O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Our O |
|
mass B-experimental_method |
|
spectrometry I-experimental_method |
|
data B-evidence |
|
indicated O |
|
that O |
|
there O |
|
were O |
|
robust O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
of O |
|
histone B-protein_type |
|
H3 B-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
H4 I-complex_assembly |
|
tetramer B-oligomeric_state |
|
lysines B-residue_name |
|
and O |
|
both O |
|
N B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
terminal I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
and O |
|
lysine B-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
used O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
activity B-experimental_method |
|
assay I-experimental_method |
|
, O |
|
thus O |
|
confirmed O |
|
the O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
enzyme O |
|
in O |
|
vitro O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Conformational O |
|
change O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
( O |
|
corresponding O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
β6 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β7 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
other O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
) O |
|
is O |
|
noted O |
|
in O |
|
our O |
|
structures B-evidence |
|
( O |
|
Figs O |
|
1D O |
|
and O |
|
2C O |
|
), O |
|
which O |
|
might O |
|
provide O |
|
an O |
|
explanation O |
|
to O |
|
the O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
/ O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
dual O |
|
- O |
|
activity O |
|
in O |
|
a O |
|
structural O |
|
biological O |
|
view O |
|
, O |
|
but O |
|
we O |
|
were O |
|
unable O |
|
to O |
|
rule O |
|
out O |
|
the O |
|
possibility O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
observed O |
|
conformational O |
|
change O |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
hairpin B-structure_element |
|
might O |
|
be O |
|
an O |
|
artifact O |
|
related O |
|
to O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
packing I-evidence |
|
or O |
|
truncation O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
C O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
end O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Further O |
|
studies O |
|
are O |
|
therefore O |
|
needed O |
|
to O |
|
reveal O |
|
the O |
|
mechanism O |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
enzyme O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
early O |
|
years O |
|
, O |
|
researchers O |
|
found O |
|
adjustment O |
|
of O |
|
GCN5 B-protein_type |
|
histone I-protein_type |
|
acetyltransferase I-protein_type |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
when O |
|
it O |
|
binds O |
|
CoA B-chemical |
|
molecule O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
complexed B-protein_state |
|
form O |
|
of O |
|
NatA B-complex_assembly |
|
is O |
|
more O |
|
suitable O |
|
for O |
|
catalytic O |
|
activation O |
|
, O |
|
since O |
|
the O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α2 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
undergoes O |
|
a O |
|
conformation O |
|
change O |
|
to O |
|
participate O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
formation O |
|
of O |
|
substrate B-site |
|
- I-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
site I-site |
|
when O |
|
the O |
|
auxiliary O |
|
subunit O |
|
Naa15 B-protein |
|
interacts O |
|
with O |
|
Naa10 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
the O |
|
catalytic B-protein_state |
|
subunit B-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
NatA B-complex_assembly |
|
). O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
the O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa50 B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
peptide I-complex_assembly |
|
, O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
27 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α2 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
appears O |
|
to O |
|
make O |
|
hydrophobic B-bond_interaction |
|
interaction I-bond_interaction |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
Met B-residue_name |
|
of O |
|
substrate O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structure I-evidence |
|
indicated O |
|
that O |
|
its O |
|
counterpart O |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
, O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
could O |
|
also O |
|
accommodate O |
|
the O |
|
binding O |
|
of O |
|
a O |
|
hydrophilic O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
that O |
|
occupied O |
|
the O |
|
substrate B-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
site I-site |
|
although O |
|
it O |
|
maintained O |
|
the O |
|
same O |
|
conformation O |
|
as O |
|
that O |
|
observed O |
|
in O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Interestingly O |
|
, O |
|
the O |
|
terminal O |
|
thiol B-chemical |
|
of O |
|
CoA B-chemical |
|
adopted O |
|
alternative O |
|
conformations O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
. O |
|
One O |
|
was O |
|
to O |
|
approach O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
amine O |
|
; O |
|
the O |
|
other O |
|
was O |
|
to O |
|
approach O |
|
the O |
|
α1 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
α2 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
away O |
|
from O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
amine O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Same O |
|
alternative O |
|
conformations O |
|
of O |
|
CoA B-chemical |
|
were O |
|
observed O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
)( I-mutant |
|
F34A I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
structure I-evidence |
|
, O |
|
and O |
|
our O |
|
kinetic B-evidence |
|
data I-evidence |
|
showed O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
F34A B-mutant |
|
mutation B-experimental_method |
|
abolished O |
|
the O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Taken O |
|
together O |
|
, O |
|
our O |
|
data O |
|
indicated O |
|
that O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
may O |
|
play O |
|
a O |
|
role O |
|
in O |
|
placing O |
|
co O |
|
- O |
|
enzyme O |
|
at O |
|
the O |
|
right O |
|
location O |
|
to O |
|
facilitate O |
|
the O |
|
acetyl B-chemical |
|
- O |
|
transfer O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
these O |
|
data O |
|
did O |
|
not O |
|
rule O |
|
out O |
|
that O |
|
possibility O |
|
that O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
may O |
|
coordinate O |
|
the O |
|
binding O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
N O |
|
- O |
|
terminal O |
|
Met B-residue_name |
|
through O |
|
hydrophobic B-bond_interaction |
|
interaction I-bond_interaction |
|
as O |
|
was O |
|
proposed O |
|
by O |
|
previous O |
|
studies O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Furthermore O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
showed O |
|
that O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
adopts O |
|
the O |
|
classical O |
|
two O |
|
base O |
|
mechanism O |
|
to O |
|
catalyze O |
|
acetyl B-chemical |
|
- O |
|
transfer O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Although O |
|
sequence O |
|
identity O |
|
between O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
is O |
|
low O |
|
, O |
|
key O |
|
residues O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
of O |
|
both O |
|
enzymes O |
|
are O |
|
highly B-protein_state |
|
conserved I-protein_state |
|
. O |
|
|
|
This O |
|
can O |
|
reasonably O |
|
explain O |
|
the O |
|
high O |
|
overlapping O |
|
substrates O |
|
specificities O |
|
between O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Another O |
|
structural O |
|
feature O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
that O |
|
distinguishes O |
|
it O |
|
from O |
|
other O |
|
NATs B-protein_type |
|
is O |
|
the O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β4 I-structure_element |
|
long I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
which O |
|
appears O |
|
to O |
|
inhibit O |
|
the O |
|
catalytic O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
However O |
|
, O |
|
this O |
|
loop B-structure_element |
|
also O |
|
seems O |
|
to O |
|
stabilize O |
|
the O |
|
whole O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
, O |
|
because O |
|
deletion B-experimental_method |
|
mutations I-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
region O |
|
led O |
|
to O |
|
protein O |
|
precipitation O |
|
and O |
|
aggregation O |
|
( O |
|
Figure O |
|
S7 O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
A O |
|
previous O |
|
study O |
|
suggested O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
auto B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
of O |
|
Lys B-residue_name_number |
|
79 I-residue_name_number |
|
was O |
|
important O |
|
for O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
- O |
|
activity O |
|
, O |
|
whereas O |
|
the O |
|
point B-experimental_method |
|
mutation I-experimental_method |
|
K79R B-mutant |
|
did O |
|
not O |
|
decrease O |
|
the O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
in O |
|
our O |
|
study O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Meanwhile O |
|
, O |
|
no O |
|
electron B-evidence |
|
density I-evidence |
|
of O |
|
acetyl B-chemical |
|
group O |
|
was O |
|
found O |
|
on O |
|
Lys B-residue_name_number |
|
79 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
our O |
|
structures B-evidence |
|
and O |
|
mass B-experimental_method |
|
spectrometry I-experimental_method |
|
analysis O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Hence O |
|
, O |
|
it O |
|
appears O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
auto B-ptm |
|
- I-ptm |
|
acetylation I-ptm |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
is O |
|
not O |
|
an O |
|
essential O |
|
modification O |
|
for O |
|
its O |
|
activity O |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
we O |
|
used O |
|
here O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
As O |
|
for O |
|
the O |
|
reason O |
|
why O |
|
K79R B-mutant |
|
in O |
|
Yang O |
|
’ O |
|
s O |
|
previous O |
|
studies O |
|
reduced O |
|
the O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
enzyme O |
|
, O |
|
but O |
|
in O |
|
our O |
|
studies O |
|
it O |
|
didn O |
|
’ O |
|
t O |
|
, O |
|
we O |
|
suspect O |
|
that O |
|
the O |
|
stability O |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
mutant B-protein_state |
|
may O |
|
play O |
|
some O |
|
role O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
K79R B-mutant |
|
is O |
|
less O |
|
stable B-protein_state |
|
than O |
|
the O |
|
wild B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
type I-protein_state |
|
enzyme O |
|
as O |
|
was O |
|
judged O |
|
by O |
|
its O |
|
poorer O |
|
gel B-experimental_method |
|
- I-experimental_method |
|
filtration I-experimental_method |
|
behavior O |
|
and O |
|
tendency O |
|
to O |
|
precipitate O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
In O |
|
our O |
|
studies O |
|
we O |
|
have O |
|
paid O |
|
special O |
|
attention O |
|
and O |
|
carefully O |
|
handled O |
|
this O |
|
protein O |
|
to O |
|
ensure O |
|
that O |
|
we O |
|
did O |
|
get O |
|
enough O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
in O |
|
good O |
|
condition O |
|
for O |
|
kinetic B-experimental_method |
|
assays I-experimental_method |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
intracellular O |
|
environment O |
|
is O |
|
more O |
|
complicated O |
|
than O |
|
our O |
|
in O |
|
vitro O |
|
assay O |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
substrate O |
|
specificity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
most O |
|
focuses O |
|
on O |
|
transmembrane O |
|
proteins O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
interaction O |
|
between O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
its O |
|
substrates O |
|
may O |
|
involve O |
|
the O |
|
protein O |
|
- O |
|
membrane O |
|
interaction O |
|
which O |
|
would O |
|
further O |
|
increase O |
|
the O |
|
complexity O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
It O |
|
is O |
|
not O |
|
clear O |
|
if O |
|
the O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
is O |
|
different O |
|
in O |
|
vivo O |
|
or O |
|
if O |
|
other O |
|
potential O |
|
partner O |
|
proteins O |
|
may O |
|
help O |
|
to O |
|
regulate O |
|
its O |
|
activity O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Nevertheless O |
|
, O |
|
our O |
|
study O |
|
may O |
|
be O |
|
an O |
|
inspiration O |
|
for O |
|
further O |
|
studies O |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
functions O |
|
and O |
|
regulation O |
|
of O |
|
this O |
|
youngest O |
|
member O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
family O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Overall O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
( O |
|
A O |
|
) O |
|
Sequence B-experimental_method |
|
alignment I-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
Naa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
NatF B-complex_assembly |
|
, O |
|
HAT4 B-protein |
|
) O |
|
from O |
|
different O |
|
species O |
|
including O |
|
Homo B-species |
|
sapiens I-species |
|
( O |
|
Homo B-species |
|
), O |
|
Bos B-species |
|
mutus I-species |
|
( O |
|
Bos B-species |
|
), O |
|
Salmo B-species |
|
salar I-species |
|
( O |
|
Salmo B-species |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
Xenopus B-species |
|
( O |
|
Silurana B-species |
|
) O |
|
tropicalis B-species |
|
( O |
|
Xenopus B-species |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Alignment B-experimental_method |
|
was O |
|
generated O |
|
using O |
|
NPS O |
|
@ O |
|
and O |
|
ESPript O |
|
. O |
|
3 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
( O |
|
http O |
|
:// O |
|
espript O |
|
. O |
|
ibcp O |
|
. O |
|
fr O |
|
/ O |
|
ESPript O |
|
/ O |
|
ESPript O |
|
/). O |
|
|
|
Residues O |
|
4 B-residue_range |
|
– I-residue_range |
|
6 I-residue_range |
|
are O |
|
highlighted O |
|
in O |
|
red O |
|
box O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
( O |
|
B O |
|
) O |
|
The O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
complex O |
|
is O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
a O |
|
yellow O |
|
cartoon O |
|
model O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
CoA B-chemical |
|
molecule O |
|
is O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
sticks O |
|
. O |
|
( O |
|
C O |
|
) O |
|
The O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
complex O |
|
is O |
|
presented O |
|
as O |
|
a O |
|
cartoon O |
|
model O |
|
in O |
|
cyan O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
and O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
molecules O |
|
are O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
cyan O |
|
and O |
|
purple O |
|
sticks O |
|
, O |
|
respectively O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
secondary O |
|
structures O |
|
are O |
|
labeled O |
|
starting O |
|
with O |
|
α0 B-structure_element |
|
. O |
|
( O |
|
D O |
|
) O |
|
Superposition B-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
( O |
|
cyan O |
|
), O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
( O |
|
yellow O |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
pink O |
|
, O |
|
PDB O |
|
3TFY O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
complex O |
|
is O |
|
represented O |
|
as O |
|
cyan O |
|
sticks O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Amphipathicity B-protein_state |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
alternative O |
|
conformations O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
. O |
|
|
|
( O |
|
A O |
|
) O |
|
The O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
in O |
|
one O |
|
asymmetric O |
|
unit O |
|
( O |
|
slate O |
|
) O |
|
interacts O |
|
with O |
|
another O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
molecule O |
|
in O |
|
a O |
|
neighboring O |
|
asymmetric O |
|
unit O |
|
( O |
|
cyan O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Side O |
|
- O |
|
chains O |
|
of O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
residues O |
|
on O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
neighboring O |
|
molecule O |
|
participating O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
interaction O |
|
are O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
yellow O |
|
and O |
|
green O |
|
sticks O |
|
, O |
|
respectively O |
|
. O |
|
( O |
|
B O |
|
) O |
|
The O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
in O |
|
one O |
|
asymmetric O |
|
unit O |
|
( O |
|
yellow O |
|
) O |
|
interacts O |
|
with O |
|
another O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
molecule O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
neighboring O |
|
asymmetric O |
|
units O |
|
( O |
|
green O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Side O |
|
- O |
|
chains O |
|
of O |
|
hydrophobic O |
|
residues O |
|
on O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
neighboring O |
|
molecule O |
|
( O |
|
green O |
|
) O |
|
participating O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
interaction O |
|
are O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
yellow O |
|
and O |
|
green O |
|
sticks O |
|
, O |
|
respectively O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
third O |
|
molecule O |
|
( O |
|
pink O |
|
) O |
|
does O |
|
not O |
|
directly O |
|
interact O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
α5 B-structure_element |
|
helix I-structure_element |
|
. O |
|
|
|
( O |
|
C O |
|
) O |
|
Superposition B-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
( O |
|
yellow O |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
( O |
|
cyan O |
|
) O |
|
showing O |
|
conformational O |
|
change O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
β7 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β8 I-structure_element |
|
hairpin I-structure_element |
|
in O |
|
these O |
|
two O |
|
structures B-evidence |
|
. O |
|
( O |
|
D O |
|
, O |
|
E O |
|
) O |
|
Superposition B-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
Hat1p B-protein |
|
/ O |
|
H4 B-protein_type |
|
( O |
|
gray O |
|
, O |
|
drawn O |
|
from O |
|
PDB O |
|
4PSW O |
|
) O |
|
with O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
1 B-residue_range |
|
- I-residue_range |
|
242 I-residue_range |
|
) O |
|
( O |
|
cyan O |
|
, O |
|
D O |
|
) O |
|
or O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
( O |
|
yellow O |
|
, O |
|
E O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
histone B-protein_type |
|
H4 B-protein_type |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
( O |
|
a O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
substrate O |
|
) O |
|
bound B-protein_state |
|
to I-protein_state |
|
Hat1p B-protein |
|
is O |
|
shown O |
|
in O |
|
purple O |
|
( O |
|
D O |
|
, O |
|
E O |
|
), O |
|
while O |
|
the O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
bound B-protein_state |
|
to I-protein_state |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
a O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
substrate O |
|
, O |
|
drawn O |
|
from O |
|
PDB O |
|
3TFY O |
|
) O |
|
is O |
|
shown O |
|
in O |
|
orange O |
|
( O |
|
Nt B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
peptide I-chemical |
|
) O |
|
after O |
|
superimposing B-experimental_method |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
not O |
|
shown O |
|
in O |
|
figure O |
|
) O |
|
on O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
D O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
α O |
|
- O |
|
amine O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
NAT B-protein_type |
|
substrate O |
|
and O |
|
ε O |
|
- O |
|
amine O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
KAT B-protein_type |
|
substrate O |
|
( O |
|
along O |
|
with O |
|
the O |
|
lysine B-residue_name |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
) O |
|
subject O |
|
to O |
|
acetylation B-ptm |
|
are O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
sticks O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Electron B-evidence |
|
density I-evidence |
|
map I-evidence |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
2Fo B-evidence |
|
- I-evidence |
|
Fc I-evidence |
|
maps I-evidence |
|
contoured O |
|
at O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
0σ O |
|
are O |
|
shown O |
|
for O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
( O |
|
A O |
|
), O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
( O |
|
B O |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
) I-complex_assembly |
|
F34A I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
( O |
|
C O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
putative O |
|
substrate B-site |
|
peptide I-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
site I-site |
|
is O |
|
indicated O |
|
by O |
|
the O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
( O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
pink O |
|
sticks O |
|
) O |
|
from O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa50 B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
peptide I-complex_assembly |
|
complex O |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
after O |
|
superimposing B-experimental_method |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
on O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
structures B-evidence |
|
determined O |
|
in O |
|
this O |
|
study O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
black O |
|
arrow O |
|
indicates O |
|
the O |
|
α O |
|
- O |
|
amine O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
first B-residue_name_number |
|
Met I-residue_name_number |
|
( O |
|
M1 B-residue_name_number |
|
) O |
|
( O |
|
all O |
|
panels O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
purple O |
|
arrow O |
|
indicates O |
|
the O |
|
acetyl B-chemical |
|
moiety O |
|
of O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
( O |
|
A O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
red O |
|
arrow O |
|
indicates O |
|
the O |
|
alternative O |
|
conformation O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
thiol O |
|
moiety O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
co O |
|
- O |
|
enzyme O |
|
when O |
|
Phe B-residue_name_number |
|
34 I-residue_name_number |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
is O |
|
displaced O |
|
( O |
|
B O |
|
) O |
|
or O |
|
mutated B-experimental_method |
|
to O |
|
Ala B-residue_name |
|
( O |
|
C O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Structural O |
|
basis O |
|
for O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
catalytic O |
|
activity O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
( O |
|
A O |
|
) O |
|
Superposition B-experimental_method |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
( O |
|
cyan O |
|
) O |
|
on O |
|
that O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
pink O |
|
, O |
|
PDB O |
|
3TFY O |
|
). O |
|
|
|
Side O |
|
- O |
|
chains O |
|
of O |
|
key O |
|
catalytic B-site |
|
and I-site |
|
substrate I-site |
|
- I-site |
|
binding I-site |
|
residues I-site |
|
are O |
|
highlighted O |
|
as O |
|
sticks O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
molecule O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
and O |
|
the O |
|
peptide B-chemical |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa50 B-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
peptide I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
are O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
purple O |
|
and O |
|
yellow O |
|
sticks O |
|
respectively O |
|
. O |
|
( O |
|
B O |
|
) O |
|
A O |
|
close O |
|
view O |
|
of O |
|
the O |
|
active B-site |
|
site I-site |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Residues O |
|
Glu B-residue_name_number |
|
37 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
97 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
138 I-residue_name_number |
|
in O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
cyan O |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
corresponding O |
|
residues O |
|
( O |
|
Tyr B-residue_name_number |
|
73 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
112 I-residue_name_number |
|
) O |
|
in O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
( O |
|
pink O |
|
) O |
|
as O |
|
well O |
|
as O |
|
the O |
|
side O |
|
- O |
|
chain O |
|
of O |
|
corresponding O |
|
residues O |
|
( O |
|
Glu B-residue_name_number |
|
24 I-residue_name_number |
|
, O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
72 I-residue_name_number |
|
and O |
|
His B-residue_name_number |
|
111 I-residue_name_number |
|
) O |
|
in O |
|
complexed B-protein_state |
|
formed O |
|
hNaa10p B-protein |
|
( O |
|
warmpink O |
|
) O |
|
are O |
|
highlighted O |
|
as O |
|
sticks O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
water B-chemical |
|
molecules O |
|
participating O |
|
in O |
|
catalysis O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
hNaa50 B-protein |
|
structures B-evidence |
|
are O |
|
showed O |
|
as O |
|
green O |
|
and O |
|
red O |
|
spheres O |
|
, O |
|
separately O |
|
. O |
|
( O |
|
C O |
|
) O |
|
The O |
|
interaction O |
|
between O |
|
the O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
molecule O |
|
and O |
|
surrounding O |
|
residues O |
|
observed O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
structure B-evidence |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
yellow O |
|
dotted O |
|
lines O |
|
indicate O |
|
the O |
|
hydrogen B-bond_interaction |
|
bonds I-bond_interaction |
|
. O |
|
( O |
|
D O |
|
) O |
|
A O |
|
zoomed O |
|
view O |
|
of O |
|
β3 B-structure_element |
|
- I-structure_element |
|
β4 I-structure_element |
|
loop I-structure_element |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Key O |
|
residues O |
|
discussed O |
|
in O |
|
the O |
|
text O |
|
( O |
|
cyan O |
|
), O |
|
the O |
|
malonate B-chemical |
|
( O |
|
purple O |
|
) O |
|
and O |
|
Ac B-chemical |
|
- I-chemical |
|
CoA I-chemical |
|
( O |
|
gray O |
|
) O |
|
are O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
sticks O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
yellow O |
|
dotted O |
|
lines O |
|
indicate O |
|
the O |
|
salt B-bond_interaction |
|
bridges I-bond_interaction |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Catalytic O |
|
activity O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-protein |
|
and O |
|
mutant B-protein_state |
|
proteins O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
( O |
|
A O |
|
) O |
|
Catalytic B-evidence |
|
efficiency I-evidence |
|
( O |
|
shown O |
|
as O |
|
kcat B-evidence |
|
/ O |
|
Km B-evidence |
|
values O |
|
) O |
|
of O |
|
hNaa60 B-mutant |
|
( I-mutant |
|
1 I-mutant |
|
- I-mutant |
|
199 I-mutant |
|
) I-mutant |
|
WT B-protein_state |
|
and O |
|
mutants B-protein_state |
|
. O |
|
|
|
( O |
|
B O |
|
) O |
|
CD B-experimental_method |
|
spectra B-evidence |
|
of O |
|
wild B-protein_state |
|
- I-protein_state |
|
type I-protein_state |
|
and O |
|
mutant B-protein_state |
|
proteins O |
|
from O |
|
250 O |
|
nm O |
|
to O |
|
190 O |
|
nm O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
The O |
|
sample O |
|
concentration O |
|
was O |
|
4 O |
|
. O |
|
5 O |
|
μM O |
|
in O |
|
20 O |
|
mM O |
|
Tris O |
|
, O |
|
pH O |
|
8 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
, O |
|
150 O |
|
mM O |
|
NaCl O |
|
, O |
|
1 O |
|
% O |
|
glycerol O |
|
and O |
|
1 O |
|
mM O |
|
TCEP B-chemical |
|
at O |
|
room O |
|
temperature O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Data B-evidence |
|
collection I-evidence |
|
and I-evidence |
|
refinement I-evidence |
|
statistics I-evidence |
|
. O |
|
|
|
Structure O |
|
and O |
|
PDB O |
|
ID O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
242 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
Ac I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
5HGZ O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
)/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
5HH0 O |
|
hNaa60 B-complex_assembly |
|
( I-complex_assembly |
|
1 I-complex_assembly |
|
- I-complex_assembly |
|
199 I-complex_assembly |
|
) I-complex_assembly |
|
F34A I-complex_assembly |
|
/ I-complex_assembly |
|
CoA I-complex_assembly |
|
5HH1 O |
|
Data O |
|
collection O |
|
* O |
|
Space O |
|
group O |
|
P212121 O |
|
P21212 O |
|
P21212 O |
|
Cell O |
|
dimensions O |
|
a O |
|
, O |
|
b O |
|
, O |
|
c O |
|
( O |
|
Å O |
|
) O |
|
53 O |
|
. O |
|
3 O |
|
, O |
|
57 O |
|
. O |
|
4 O |
|
, O |
|
68 O |
|
. O |
|
8 O |
|
67 O |
|
. O |
|
8 O |
|
, O |
|
73 O |
|
. O |
|
8 O |
|
, O |
|
43 O |
|
. O |
|
2 O |
|
66 O |
|
. O |
|
7 O |
|
, O |
|
74 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
, O |
|
43 O |
|
. O |
|
5 O |
|
α O |
|
, O |
|
β O |
|
, O |
|
γ O |
|
(°) O |
|
90 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
, O |
|
90 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
, O |
|
90 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
90 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
, O |
|
90 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
, O |
|
90 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
90 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
, O |
|
90 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
, O |
|
90 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
Resolution O |
|
( O |
|
Å O |
|
) O |
|
50 O |
|
– O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
38 O |
|
( O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
42 O |
|
– O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
38 O |
|
) O |
|
50 O |
|
– O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
60 O |
|
( O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
66 O |
|
– O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
60 O |
|
) O |
|
50 O |
|
– O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
80 O |
|
( O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
86 O |
|
– O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
80 O |
|
) O |
|
Rp O |
|
. O |
|
i O |
|
. O |
|
m O |
|
.(%)** O |
|
3 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
( O |
|
34 O |
|
. O |
|
4 O |
|
) O |
|
2 O |
|
. O |
|
1 O |
|
( O |
|
32 O |
|
. O |
|
5 O |
|
) O |
|
2 O |
|
. O |
|
6 O |
|
( O |
|
47 O |
|
. O |
|
8 O |
|
) O |
|
I O |
|
/ O |
|
σ O |
|
21 O |
|
. O |
|
5 O |
|
( O |
|
2 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
) O |
|
31 O |
|
. O |
|
8 O |
|
( O |
|
2 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
) O |
|
28 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
( O |
|
2 O |
|
. O |
|
4 O |
|
) O |
|
Completeness O |
|
(%) O |
|
99 O |
|
. O |
|
8 O |
|
( O |
|
99 O |
|
. O |
|
1 O |
|
) O |
|
99 O |
|
. O |
|
6 O |
|
( O |
|
98 O |
|
. O |
|
5 O |
|
) O |
|
99 O |
|
. O |
|
9 O |
|
( O |
|
99 O |
|
. O |
|
7 O |
|
) O |
|
Redundancy O |
|
6 O |
|
. O |
|
9 O |
|
( O |
|
5 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
) O |
|
6 O |
|
. O |
|
9 O |
|
( O |
|
6 O |
|
. O |
|
2 O |
|
) O |
|
6 O |
|
. O |
|
3 O |
|
( O |
|
5 O |
|
. O |
|
9 O |
|
) O |
|
Refinement O |
|
Resolution O |
|
( O |
|
Å O |
|
) O |
|
25 O |
|
. O |
|
81 O |
|
– O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
38 O |
|
33 O |
|
. O |
|
55 O |
|
– O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
60 O |
|
43 O |
|
. O |
|
52 O |
|
– O |
|
1 O |
|
. O |
|
80 O |
|
No O |
|
. O |
|
reflections O |
|
43660 O |
|
28588 O |
|
20490 O |
|
Rwork O |
|
/ O |
|
Rfree O |
|
0 O |
|
. O |
|
182 O |
|
/ O |
|
0 O |
|
. O |
|
192 O |
|
0 O |
|
. O |
|
181 O |
|
/ O |
|
0 O |
|
. O |
|
184 O |
|
0 O |
|
. O |
|
189 O |
|
/ O |
|
0 O |
|
. O |
|
209 O |
|
No O |
|
. O |
|
atoms O |
|
Protein O |
|
1717 O |
|
1576 O |
|
1566 O |
|
Ligand O |
|
/ O |
|
ion O |
|
116 O |
|
96 O |
|
96 O |
|
Water B-chemical |
|
289 O |
|
258 O |
|
168 O |
|
B O |
|
- O |
|
factors O |
|
Protein O |
|
23 O |
|
. O |
|
8 O |
|
32 O |
|
. O |
|
0 O |
|
37 O |
|
. O |
|
4 O |
|
Ligand O |
|
/ O |
|
ion O |
|
22 O |
|
. O |
|
2 O |
|
34 O |
|
. O |
|
6 O |
|
43 O |
|
. O |
|
7 O |
|
Water B-chemical |
|
35 O |
|
. O |
|
1 O |
|
46 O |
|
. O |
|
4 O |
|
49 O |
|
. O |
|
1 O |
|
R O |
|
. O |
|
m O |
|
. O |
|
s O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
One O |
|
crystal B-evidence |
|
was O |
|
used O |
|
for O |
|
each O |
|
data O |
|
set O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
** O |
|
Rp O |
|
. O |
|
i O |
|
. O |
|
m O |
|
., O |
|
a O |
|
redundancy O |
|
- O |
|
independent O |
|
R B-evidence |
|
factor I-evidence |
|
was O |
|
used O |
|
to O |
|
evaluate O |
|
the O |
|
diffraction B-evidence |
|
data I-evidence |
|
quality O |
|
as O |
|
was O |
|
proposed O |
|
by O |
|
Evans O |
|
. O |
|
|
|
|