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+4	The dispersionless mode of the lowest excitation appears in adequate sets of $ \alpha $ and $ \delta $ , indicating that the lowest excitation is localized spatially and forms an isolated mode below the excitation continuum .	We calculate the dynamical structure factors of the magnetization-plateau state in the $ S=1/2 $ bond-alternating spin chain with a next-nearest-neighbor interaction .	The results show characteristic behaviors depending on the next-nearest-neighbor interaction $ \alpha $ and the bond-alternation $ \delta $ .	We discuss the lower excited states in comparison with the exact excitation spectrums of an effective Hamiltonian .	From the finite size effects , characteristics of the lowest excited states are investigated .
+0	High-resolution optical spectra of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5408 X-1 show a broad component with a width of ~750 km/s in the HeII and Hbeta lines in addition to the narrow component observed in these lines and [ O III ] .	Reanalysis of moderate-resolution spectra shows a similar broad component in the HeII line .	The broad component likely originates in the ULX system itself , probably in the accretion disk .	The central wavelength of the broad HeII line is shifted by 252 \pm 47 km/s between the two observations .	If this shift represents motion of the compact object , then its mass is less than ~1800 M_sun .
+3	Seven observations ( seven sources ) yielded upper limits comparable to , or higher than , the values measured from those observations with detectable variations .	We present results from a study of short term variability in 19 archival observations by XMM-Newton of 16 Ultraluminous X-ray Sources ( ULXs ) .	Eight observations ( six sources ) showed intrinsic variability with power spectra in the form of either a power law or broken power law-like continuum and in some cases quasi-periodic oscillations ( QPOs ) .	The remaining observations were used to place upper limits on the strength of possible variability hidden within .	These represented the seven faintest sources all with f_x & lt ; 3x10^-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1 .
+1	The high Star Formation Rates ( SFR ) inferred for these galaxies implies both the presence of a high number of massive stars and a dense surrounding medium .	The European VLBI Network ( EVN ) provides us with the necessary sensitivity and angular resolution to study the nuclear and circumnuclear regions in Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies .	Therefore , bright radio SNe are expected to occur .	With the aim of estimating the SFR in ULIRGs by means of Core Collapse supernova ( CCSN ) detections , we started an observing campaign with the EVN on a small sample of the brightest and farthest ULIRGs in the local Universe .	We present here our results from three epochs of quasi-simultaneous observations with the EVN at 6 and 18 cm towards one of the objects in our sample : IRAS 23365+3604 .
+1	One of them ( nonhelical model ) has zero kinetic and current helicity , while the other model ( helical ) has nonzero kinetic and current helicity .	Two low-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models containing three velocity and three magnetic modes are described .	The velocity modes are forced in both these models .	These low-dimensional models exhibit a dynamo transition at a critical forcing amplitude that depends on the Prandtl number .	In the nonhelical model , dynamo exists only for magnetic Prandtl number beyond 1 , while the helical model exhibits dynamo for all magnetic Prandtl number .
+4	Thus , we use it to estimate the pdf near the zero boundary .	We consider the nonparametric estimation of the univariate heavy tailed probability density function ( pdf ) with a support on $ [ 0 , \infty ) $ by independent data .	To this end we construct the new kernel estimator as a combination of the asymmetric gamma and weibull kernels , ss .	gamma-weibull kernel .	The gamma kernel is nonnegative , changes the shape depending on the position on the semi-axis and possess good boundary properties for a wide class of densities .
+1	For the normal state , we show that experimentally observed linear temperature dependence of the resistivity is understood through the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations near the quantum critical point ( QCP ) in three dimensions .	We study the normal and the superconducting properties in noncentrosymmetric heavy fermion superconductors CeRhSi $ _3 $ and CeIrSi $ _3 $ .	For the superconducting state , we derive a general formula to calculate the upper critical field $ H_ { c2 } $ , with which we can treat the Pauli and the orbital depairing effect on an equal footing .	The strong coupling effect for general electronic structures is also taken into account .	We show that the experimentally observed features in $ H_ { c2 } \parallel \hat { z } $ , the huge value up to 30 ( T ) , the downward curvatures , and the strong pressure dependence , are naturally understood as an interplay of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction due to the lack of inversion symmetry and the spin fluctuations near the QCP .
+1	The platform mentioned above allows the emulation of whole computer systems , configurable to the level of its components , represented by the plug-in modules of the platform .	Within the paper a description of communication model of plug-in based emuStudio emulation platform is given .	Development tasks still are in progress at the home institution of the authors .	Currently the platform is exploited for teaching purposes within subjects aimed at machine-oriented languages and computer architectures .	Versatility of the platform , given by its plug-in based architecture is a big advantage , when used as a teaching support tool .
+1	In 1964 , Bell showed that certain types of classical models can not explain the quantum mechanical predictions for specific states of distant particles .	The question of whether quantum phenomena can be explained by classical models with hidden variables is the subject of a long lasting debate .	Along this line , some types of hidden variable models have been experimentally ruled out .	An intuitive feature for classical models is non-contextuality : the property that any measurement has a value which is independent of other compatible measurements being carried out at the same time .	However , the results of Kochen , Specker , and Bell show that non-contextuality is in conflict with quantum mechanics .
+0	The filamentation instability ( FI ) of counter-propagating beams of electrons is modelled with a particle-in-cell simulation in one spatial dimension and with a high statistical plasma representation .	The simulation direction is orthogonal to the beam velocity vector .	Both electron beams have initially equal densities , temperatures and moduli of their nonrelativistic mean velocities .	The FI is electromagnetic in this case .	A previous study of a small filament demonstrated , that the magnetic pressure gradient force ( MPGF ) results in a nonlinearly driven electrostatic field .
+4	The change in color and magnitude at a fixed mass resemble that of a passively evolving population that formed relatively recently , at z~2 .	We explore the effects of mergers on the evolution of massive early-type galaxies by modeling the evolution of their stellar populations in a hierarchical context .	We investigate how a realistic red sequence population set up by z~1 evolves under different assumptions for the merger and star formation histories , comparing changes in color , luminosity and mass .	The purely passive fading of existing red sequence galaxies , with no further mergers or star formation , results in dramatic changes at the bright end of the luminosity function and color-magnitude relation .	Without mergers there is too much evolution in luminosity at a fixed space density compared to observations .
+1	A deep Chandra observation of ESO137-001 allows us for the first time to examine the spatial and spectral properties of such X-ray tails in detail .	We present the discovery of spectacular double X-ray tails associated with ESO137-001 and a possibly heated X-ray tail associated with ESO137-002 , both late-type galaxies in the closest rich cluster Abell 3627 .	Besides the known bright tail that extends to ~ 80 kpc from ESO137-001 , a fainter and narrower secondary tail with a similar length was surprisingly revealed .	There is little temperature variation along both tails .	We also identified six X-ray point sources as candidates of intracluster ULXs with L ( 0.3-10 keV ) of up to 2.5x10^40 erg s^-1 .
+2	This model was introduced to interpret experimental results dating from 1988 on OAPP .	Reasons have been found for thinking that the minimum diameter of channels of a given length to support superconductivity at room temperature through films of oxidised atactic polypropylene ( OAPP ) is considerably larger than found in a model for Bose condensation in an array of nanofilaments [ D.M.Eagles , Phil.Mag .	85 , 1931 ( 2005 ) ] used previously .	The channels are thought to be of larger diameter than believed before because , for an N-S-N system where the superconductor consists of an array of single-walled carbon nanotubes , the resistance , for good contacts , is R_Q/2N , where N is the number of nanotubes and R_Q=12.9 kOhm [ See e.g.M . Ferrier et al. , Solid State Commun .	131 , 615 ( 2004 ) ] .
+0	We study the temporal evolution of a black-hole laser configuration displaying a pair of black and white hole horizons in a flowing atomic condensate .	This configuration is initially prepared starting from a homogeneous flow via a suitable space-dependent change of the interaction constant .	The evolution is numerically followed to long times : depending on the parameters , the system typically either converges to the lowest energy solution by evaporating away the horizons or displays a continuous and periodic coherent emission of solitons .	Movies of the temporal evolution of the spatial density profile in the most significant cases are attached as Supplemental Material .	By making a physical comparison with optical laser devices , we identify the latter regime of continuous emission of solitons as the proper black-hole laser effect .
+2	B 74 , 014430 ( 2006 ) ] reported a rich variety of magnetic phases , with a ferromagnetic ground state as well as incommensurate , transversely polarized spin density wave ( SDW ) phases ( with a propagation vector of k = ( 0 delta 0 ) ) interspersed with multiple commensurate lock-in transitions .	Single crystal neutron diffraction studies have been performed on the S = 3/2 kagome staircase compound Co3V2O8 with a magnetic field applied along the magnetization easy-axis ( H || a ) .	Previous zero field measurements [ Y. Chen , et al. , Phys.Rev .	The magnetic phase diagram with H || a adds further complexity .	For small applied fields , H = 0.05 T , the commensurate lock-in phases are destabilized in favor of the incommensurate SDW , while slightly larger applied fields restore the commensurate lock-in phase with delta = 1/2 and yield a new commensurate phase with delta = 2/5 .
+3	It is proven that a particular case of the periodic Lame-Ince potential is 2-SUSY invariant .	The potentials for a one dimensional Schroedinger equation that are displaced along the x axis under second order Darboux transformations , called 2-SUSY invariant , are characterized in terms of a differential-difference equation .	The solutions of the Schroedinger equation with such potentials are given analytically for any value of the energy .	The method is illustrated by a two-soliton potential .	Both Bloch solutions of the corresponding Schroedinger equation equation are found for any value of the energy .
+4	The first maximum coincides quite well with that found for the spin-waves stiffness coefficient , D0 , while the pretty steep decrease observed for x & gt ; ~95 which is indicative of a decoupling of the probe Fe atoms from the underlying chromium matrix is likely related to the spin-density waves which constitute the magnetic structure of chromium in that interval of composition .	Debye temperature , TD , of Fe100-xCrx disordered alloys with 0 & lt ; x & lt ; 99.9 was determined from the temperature dependence of the centre shift of 57Fe Mossbauer spectra recorded in the temperature range of 80-300K .	Its compositional dependence shows an interesting non-monotonous behaviour .	For 0 & lt ; x & lt ; ~45 as well as for ~75 & lt ; x & lt ; ~95 the Debye temperature is enhanced relative to its value of a metallic iron , and at x=~3 there is a local maximum having a relative height of ~12 % compared to a pure iron .	For ~45 & lt ; x & lt ; ~75 and for x & gt ; ~95 the Debye temperature is smaller than the one for the metallic iron , with a local minimum at x=~55 at which the relative decrease of TD amounts to ~12 % .
+2	Then , after adapting the compactness results due to Mellet-Vasseur [ Comm .	This paper concerns the existence of global weak solutions to the barotropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations with degenerate viscosity coefficients .	We construct suitable approximate system which has smooth solutions satisfying the energy inequality , the BD entropy one , and the Mellet-Vasseur type estimate .	Partial Differential Equations 32 ( 2007 ) ] , we obtain the global existence of weak solutions to the barotropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations with degenerate viscosity coefficients in two or three dimensional periodic domains or whole space for large initial data .	This , in particular , solved an open problem in [ P. L. Lions .
+4	Though similarly based on response function techniques , our approach is alternative to the one recently employed by Shayeghi and Coolen for canonical batch Minority Games with arbitrary number of strategies .	Ergodic stationary states of Minority Games with S strategies per agent can be characterised in terms of the asymptotic probabilities $ \phi_a $ with which an agent uses $ a $ of his strategies .	We propose here a simple and general method to calculate these quantities in batch canonical and grand-canonical models .	Known analytic theories are easily recovered as limiting cases and , as a further application , the strategy frequency problem for the batch grand-canonical Minority Game with S=2 is solved .	The generalization of these ideas to multi-asset models is also presented .
+1	The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas .	Large-scale structure formation , accretion and merging processes , AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks .	Being the main gas-heating agent , cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes .	We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks .	Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless .
+4	We have also found that the maximum in star formation rate in the past increases with the virial mass within the aperture ( VMA ) , the VMA increasing from the SFGs to the TOs , to the Sy2s , culminating in the LINERs .	Using a sample of 229618 narrow emission-line galaxies , we have determined the normal star formation histories ( SFHs ) for galaxies with different activity types : star forming galaxies ( SFGs ) , transition type objects ( TOs ) , Seyfert 2s ( Sy2s ) and LINERs .	We find that the variation of the SFH with the activity type is explained by the mass of the galaxies and the importance of their bulge : the LINERs reside in massive early-type galaxies , the Sy2s and TOs are hosted by intermediate mass galaxies with intermediate morphological types , and the SFGs are found in lower mass late-type spirals .	Except for the Sy2s , the more massive galaxies formed the bulk of their stars more rapidly than the less massive ones .	The Sy2s formed their stars more slowly and show presently an excess in star formation .
+1	It states that your friends have on average more friends than you do .	One interesting phenomenon that emerges from the typical structure of social networks is the friendship paradox .	Recent efforts have explored variations of it , with numerous implications for the dynamics of social networks .	However , the friendship paradox and its variations consider only the topological structure of the networks and neglect many other characteristics that are correlated with node degree .	In this article , we take the case of scientific collaborations to investigate whether a similar paradox also arises in terms of a researcher 's scientific productivity as measured by her H-index .
+0	Random variables equidistributed on convex bodies have received quite a lot of attention in the last few years .	In this paper we prove the negative association property ( which generalizes the subindependence of coordinate slabs ) for generalized Orlicz balls .	This allows us to give a strong concentration property , along with a few moment comparison inequalities .	Also , the theory of negatively associated variables is being developed in its own right , which allows us to hope more results will be available .	Moreover , a simpler proof of a more general result for $ \ell_p^n $ balls is given .
+4	Finally we move on to the framework of the Loday-Pirashvili category $ \mathcal { LM } $ in order to comprehend this universal enveloping crossed module in terms of the Lie crossed modules case .	The universal enveloping algebra functor between Leibniz and associative algebras defined by Loday and Pirashvili is extended to crossed modules .	We prove that the universal enveloping crossed module of algebras of a crossed module of Leibniz algebras is its natural generalization .	Then we construct an isomorphism between the category of representations of a Leibniz crossed module and the category of left modules over its universal enveloping crossed module of algebras .	Our approach is particularly interesting since the actor in the category of Leibniz crossed modules does not exist in general , so the technique used in the proof for the Lie case can not be applied .
+1	We investigate the role of the tidal charge in orbital models of high-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations ( QPOs ) observed in neutron star binary systems .	The strong gravitational field of neutron stars in the brany universe could be described by spherically symmetric solutions with a metric in the exterior to the brany stars being of the Reissner-Nordstrom type containing a brany tidal charge representing the tidal effect of the bulk spacetime onto the star structure .	We focus on the relativistic precession model .	We give the radial profiles of frequencies of the Keplerian ( vertical ) and radial epicyclic oscillations .	We show how the standard relativistic precession model modified by the tidal charge fits the observational data , giving estimates of the allowed values of the tidal charge and the brane tension based on the processes going in the vicinity of neutron stars .
+4	Such effects lower the growth rates found in the absence of such tension , but still allow growth rates in excess of the maximum of the standard magnetorotational instability .	In dilute astrophysical plasmas , the collisional mean free path of a particle can exceed its Larmor radius .	Under these conditions , the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the plasma can be dramatically altered .	This alteration allows outwardly decreasing angular velocity or temperature gradients to become strongly destabilizing .	This paper generalizes an earlier , simple analysis of the viscosity instability , by including the dynamical effects of magnetic field line tension .
+1	( In brief , our conclusion for the Hilbert space case is that , with the right normalisations , all the key results hold with equality of norms . )	This paper provides an overview of interpolation of Banach and Hilbert spaces , with a focus on establishing when equivalence of norms is in fact equality of norms in the key results of the theory .	In the final section we apply the Hilbert space results to the Sobolev spaces $ H^s ( \Omega ) $ and $ \widetilde { H } ^s ( \Omega ) $ , for $ s\in \mathbb { R } $ and an open $ \Omega\subset \mathbb { R } ^n $ .	We exhibit examples in one and two dimensions of sets $ \Omega $ for which these scales of Sobolev spaces are not interpolation scales .	In the cases when they are interpolation scales ( in particular , if $ \Omega $ is Lipschitz ) we exhibit examples that show that , in general , the interpolation norm does not coincide with the intrinsic Sobolev norm and , in fact , the ratio of these two norms can be arbitrarily large .
+2	The nonhydrostaticity of the pressure is discussed from the viewpoint of the broadening effect of the ruby $ R_1 $ fluorescence line .	The fourteen kinds of pressure-transmitting media were evaluated by the ruby fluorescence method at room temperature , 77 K using the diamond anvil cell ( DAC ) up to 10 GPa in order to find appropriate media for use in low temperature physics .	The investigated media are a 1:1 mixture by volume of Fluorinert FC-70 and FC-77 , Daphne 7373 and 7474 , NaCl , silicon oil ( polydimethylsiloxane ) , Vaseline , 2-propanol , glycerin , a 1:1 mixture by volume of $ n $ -pentane and isopentane , a 4:1 mixture by volume of methanol and ethanol , petroleum ether , nitrogen , argon and helium .	The $ R_1 $ line basically broadens above the liquid-solid transition pressure at room temperature .	However , the nonhydrostatic effects do constantly develop in all the media from the low-pressure region at low temperature .
+3	This paper proposes a novel framework based on Divide-and-Conquer ( D & amp ; C ) for cost estimation for building SOA-based software .	Due to the complexity of Service-Oriented Architecture ( SOA ) , cost and effort estimation for SOA-based software development is more difficult than that for traditional software development .	Unfortunately , there is a lack of published work about cost and effort estimation for SOA-based software .	Existing cost estimation approaches are inadequate to address the complex service-oriented systems .	By dealing with separately development parts , the D & amp ; C framework can help organizations simplify and regulate SOA implementation cost estimation .
+0	With the advent of high-throughput profiling methods , interest in reverse engineering the structure and dynamics of biochemical networks is high .	Recently an algorithm for reverse engineering of biochemical networks was developed by Laubenbacher and Stigler .	It is a top-down approach using time discrete dynamical systems .	One of its key steps includes the choice of a term order .	The aim of this paper is to identify minimal requirements on data sets to be used with this algorithm and to characterize optimal data sets .
+0	We study the problem of simultaneous approximation to a fixed family of real and p-adic numbers by roots of integer polynomials of restricted type .	The method that we use for this purpose was developed by H. Davenport and W.M .	Schmidt in their study of approximation to real numbers by algebraic integers .	This method based on Mahler 's Duality requires to study the dual problem of approximation to successive powers of these numbers by rational numbers with the same denominators .	Dirichlet 's Box Principle provides estimates for such approximations but one can do better .
+3	Our work provides a new way to measure the thermal exponent theta without any assumption about the procedure to generate typical low-lying excitations .	A detailed investigation of lowest excitations in two-dimensional Gaussian spin glasses is presented .	We show the existence of a new zero-temperature exponent lambda describing the relative number of finite-volume excitations with respect to large-scale ones .	This exponent yields the standard thermal exponent of droplet theory theta through the relation , theta=d ( lambda-1 ) .	We find clear evidence that theta & lt ; theta_ { DW } where theta_ { DW } is the thermal exponent obtained in domain-wall theory showing that MacMillan excitations are not typical .
+2	The wavevector selection can be done by applying an excitation frequency above the ferromagnetic resonance .	We develop an all electrical experiment to perform the broadband phase-resolved spectroscopy of propagating spin waves in micrometer sized thin magnetic stripes .	The magnetostatic surface spin waves are excited and detected by scaled down to 125 nm wide inductive antennas , which award ultra broadband wavevector capability .	Wavevector demultiplexing is done at the spin wave detector thanks to the rotation of the spin wave phase upon propagation .	A simple model accounts for the main features of the apparatus transfer functions .
+2	Let D ( M ) _0 and D^c ( M ) _0 be the connected components of id_M in D ( M ) and D^c ( M ) respectively .	Suppose M is a non-compact connected smooth n-manifold .	Let D ( M ) denote the group of diffeomorphisms of M endowed with the compact-open C^\infty-topology and D^c ( M ) denote the subgroup consisting of diffeomorphisms of M with compact support .	In this paper we show that the pair ( D ( M ) , D^c ( M ) ) admits a topological ( \prod^\omega \ell_2 , \sum^\omega \ell_2 ) -factor .	In the case n = 2 , this enables us to apply the characterization of ( \prod^\omega \ell_2 , \sum^\omega \ell_2 ) -manifolds and show that the pair ( D ( M ) _0 , D^c ( M ) _0 ) is a ( \prod^\omega \ell_2 , \sum^\omega \ell_2 ) -manifold and determine its topological type .
+3	We systematically analyse which mechanisms in existing models reproduce which experimental trends and use this information to guide the development of models that can reproduce them all .	Myosin-V is a highly processive dimeric protein that walks with 36nm steps along actin tracks , powered by coordinated ATP hydrolysis reactions in the two myosin heads .	No previous theoretical models of the myosin-V walk reproduce all the observed trends of velocity and run-length with [ ADP ] , [ ATP ] and external forcing .	In particular , a result that has eluded all theoretical studies based upon rigorous physical chemistry is that run length decreases with both increasing [ ADP ] and [ ATP ] .	We formulate models as reaction networks between distinct mechanochemical states with energetically determined transition rates .
+1	The field drives the closed dipole transition with arbitrary values of the angular momenta $ J_ { g } $ and $ J_ { e } $ of the ground and excited state .	We present a complete set of analytical and invariant expressions for the steady-state density matrix of atoms in a resonant radiation field with arbitrary intensity and polarization .	The steady-state density matrix is expressed in terms of spherical harmonics of a complex direction given by the field polarization vector .	The generalization to the case of broad-band radiation is given .	We indicate various applications of these results .
+3	In this paper we present a simple defense protocol to fully eliminate this new attack by increasing the noise-temperature at the side of the smaller resistance value over the noise-temperature at the at the side with the greater resistance .	We introduce the so far most efficient attack against the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise ( KLJN ) secure key exchange system .	This attack utilizes the lack of exact thermal equilibrium in practical applications and is based on cable resistance losses and the fact that the Second Law of Thermodynamics can not provide full security when such losses are present .	The new attack does not challenge the unconditional security of the KLJN scheme , but it puts more stringent demands on the security/privacy enhancing protocol than for any earlier attack .	It is shown that this simple protocol totally removes Eve 's information not only for the new attack but also for the old Bergou-Scheuer-Yariv attack .
+2	We derived the phase diagram spanned by this mass-term $ m $ , chemical potential $ \mu $ and strength of the disorder within the self-consistent Born approximation .	In this paper , we studied the nonmagnetic disorder effects onto the quantum critical point ( QCP ) which intervenes an ordinary insulator and the 3-dimensional $ Z_2 $ quantum spin Hall insulator .	The minimal model describing this QCP is the single-copy of the 3+1 Dirac fermion , whose topological mass $ m $ induces the quantum phase transition .	To infer the structure of the low-energy effective theory , we further calculated the weak localization ( WL ) correction to the conductivity .	By way of this , we have found that the diffuson consists of the two quasi-degenerate contributions having the diffusion pole ; one always behaves as the diffusion mode .
+4	Although some clustering methods are already improved to execute on big data platforms , but their execution time is highly increased for large datasets .	Clustering plays an important role in mining big data both as a modeling technique and a preprocessing step in many data mining process implementations .	Fuzzy clustering provides more flexibility than non-fuzzy methods by allowing each data record to belong to more than one cluster to some degree .	However , a serious challenge in fuzzy clustering is the lack of scalability .	Massive datasets in emerging fields such as geosciences , biology and networking do require parallel and distributed computations with high performance to solve real-world problems .
+4	Phase separation is observed in the Csx Fe2-ySe2 crystals , with the minor phase distributed in a plate-like morphology throughout the crystal .	The interplay between superconductivity , magnetism and crystal structure in iron-based superconductors is a topic of great interest amongst the condensed matter physics community as it is thought to be the key to understanding the mechanisms responsible for high temperature superconductivity .	Alkali metal doped iron chalcogenide superconductors exhibit several unique characteristics which are not found in other iron-based superconducting materials such as antiferromagnetic ordering at room temperature , the presence of ordered iron vacancies and high resistivity normal state properties .	Detailed microstructural analysis is essential in order to understand the origin of these unusual properties .	Here we have used a range of complementary scanning electron microscope based techniques , including high-resolution electron backscatter di raction mapping , to assess local variations in composition and lattice parameter with high precision and sub-micron spatial resolution .
+1	The line energy is 6.1 - 7.0 keV ( 90 % confidence ) in the rest frame of 3C220.1 .	We detected an emission line feature at 4 keV in the X-ray spectrum of a sky region including the distant radio galaxy 3C220.1 ( z=0.62 ) obtained with ASCA .	Within the present statistics , the observed spectra are consistent with two different models ; a non-thermal model consisting of a power-law continuum plus a 6.4 keV iron emission line , and a Raymond-Smith thin-thermal emission model of kT ~6 keV with a metal abundance of ~0.5 solar .	However , the large ( ~500 eV ) equivalent width of the line indicates that a significant fraction of the X-ray emission is likel y to arise from the hot intracluster gas which associates the galaxy cluster including 3C220.1 .	The spectral parameters of the thermal emission is consistent with the luminosity-temperature relation of nearby clusters and the mass estimates from the giant luminous arc .
+3	We show how such a large absorption leads to photon switching .	We explore the coherent control of nonlinear absorption of intense laser fields in a four-level ladder system .	In the absence of control field , a coupling field creates electromagnetically induced transparency ( EIT ) with Aulter-Townes doublet for the probe field .	A large absorption peak appears at resonance as the control field is switched on .	Further , this large absorption gets diminished and complete transparency appear due to saturation effects as the strength of the probe field is increased .
+0	Previous studies have shown that dipole-bound excited states exist for certain small anions .	However , valence excited states have been reported for some closed-shell anions , but those with singlet valence excited states have , thus far , contained a single silicon atom .	This work utilizes high-level coupled cluster theory previously shown to reproduce excited state energies to better than 0.1 eV compared with experiment in order to examine the electronic excited state properties of anions containing silicon and other higher main group atoms as well as their first row analogues .	Of the fourteen anions involved in this study , nine possess bound excited states of some kind : CH $ _2 $ SN $ ^- $ , C $ _3 $ H $ ^- $ , CCSiH $ ^- $ , CCSH $ ^- $ , CCNH $ _2^- $ , CCPH $ _2^- $ , BH $ _3 $ PH $ _2^- $ , AlH $ _3 $ NH $ _2^- $ , and AlH $ _3 $ PH $ _2^- $ .	Two possess clear valence states : CCSiH $ ^- $ and its first row analogue C $ _3 $ H $ ^- $ .
+0	We present results of numerical studies of the Landau-Ginzburg dynamics of the order parameter in one-dimensional models inspired by the condensed matter analogues of cosmological phase transitions .	The main goal of our work is to show that , as proposed by one of us \cite { Zurek85b } , the density of the frozen-out topological defects is set by the competition between the quench rate -- - the rate at which the phase transition is taking place -- - and the relaxation rate of the order parameter .	In other words , the characteristic domain size , which determines the typical separation of topological defects in the new broken symmetry phase , is of the order of the correlation length at the instant at which the relaxation timescale of the order parameter equals the time remaining to the phase transition .	In estimating the size of topological domains , this scenario shares with the original Kibble mechanism the idea that topological defects will form along the boundaries of independently selected regions of the new broken symmetry vacuum .	However , it derives the size of such domains from non-equilibrium aspects of the transition ( quench rate ) , as opposed to Kibble 's original proposal in which their size was estimated from the Ginzburg temperature above which thermally activated symmetry restoration can occur .
+0	In the paper we first investigate symmetries of isospectral and non-isospectral four-potential Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchies .	We express these hierarchies in the form of $ u_ { n , t } =L^m H^ { ( 0 ) } $ , where $ m $ is an arbitrary integer ( instead of a nature number ) and $ L $ is the recursion operator .	Then by means of the zero-curvature representations of the isospectral and non-isospectral flows , we construct symmetries for the isospectral equation hierarchy as well as non-isospectral equation hierarchy , respectively .	The symmetries , respectively , form two centerless Kac-Moody-Virasoro algebras .	The recursion operator $ L $ is proved to be hereditary and a strong symmetry for this isospectral equation hierarchy .
+2	We implement the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani ( GIM ) cancellation using charm quark masses of 750 MeV and 592 MeV .	In this work , we used a $ 32^3 \times 64 \times 32 $ , 2+1 flavor domain wall lattice with Iwasaki+DSDR gauge action .	The pion mass is 171 MeV and the kaon mass is 492 MeV .	This is an intermediate calculation , in that we are using both a coarse lattice spacing ( 1/a = 1.37GeV ) so we expect significant discretization error coming from charm quark mass and we are also using unphysical kinematics for the pion .	The main purpose of this calculation is to study the contribution from the two-pion intermediate state when the energy of a two-pion state is lower than that of the kaon , as well as the corresponding finite volume correction to the $ \Delta M_K $ .
+3	We use this composite biasing approach for two different problems faced by current state-of-the-art Monte Carlo radiative transfer codes : the generation of photon packages from multiple components , and the penetration of radiation through high optical depth barriers .	Biasing or importance sampling is a powerful technique in Monte Carlo radiative transfer , and can be applied in different forms to increase the accuracy and efficiency of simulations .	One of the drawbacks of the use of biasing is the potential introduction of large weight factors .	We discuss a general strategy , composite biasing , to suppress the appearance of large weight factors .	In both cases , the implementation of the relevant algorithms is trivial and does not interfere with any other optimisation techniques .
+0	Reaction and elastic differential cross sections are calculated for light nuclei in the framework of the Glauber theory .	The optical phase-shift function is evaluated by Monte Carlo integration .	This enables us to use the most accurate wave functions and calculate the phase-shift functions without approximation .	Examples of proton nucleus ( e.g.p- $ ^6 $ He , p- $ ^6 $ Li ) and nucleus-nucleus ( e.g. $ ^6 $ He $ -^ { 12 } $ C ) scatterings illustrate the effectiveness of the method .	This approach gives us a possibility of a more stringent analysis of the high-energy reactions of halo nuclei .
+2	The magnetic form factor clearly excludes the possibility of a \Gamma7 doublet as the ground state .	The magnetic form factor of YbInNi4 has been determined via the flipping ratios R with polarized neutron diffraction and the scattering function S ( Q , w ) was measured in an inelastic neutron scattering experiment .	Both experiments were performed with the aim to determine the crystal-field scheme .	The inelastic neutron data exhibit two , almost equally strong peaks at 3.2 meV and 4.4 meV which points , in agreement with earlier neutron data , towards a \Gamma8 quartet ground state .	Further possibilities like a quasi-quartet ground state are discussed .
+1	In the differential case , middle convolution is defined by Katz , and he examined properties of middle convolution in detail .	We give a $ q $ -analog of middle convolution for linear $ q $ -difference equations with rational coefficients .	In this paper , we define a $ q $ -analog of middle convolution .	Moreover , we show that it also can be expressed as a $ q $ -analog of Euler transformation .	The $ q $ -middle convolution transforms Fuchsian type equation to Fuchsian type equation and preserves rigidity index of $ q $ -difference equations .
+0	It is known that some equations of differential geometry are derived from variational principle in form of Euler-Lagrange equations .	The equations of geodesic flow in Riemannian geometry is an example .	Conversely , having Lagrangian dynamical system in a manifold , one can consider it as geometric equipment of this manifold .	Then properties of other dynamical systems can be studied relatively as compared to this Lagrangian one .	This gives fruitful analogies for generalization .
+3	For a straight-sided element we derive an exact analytical easy to implement consistent mass matrix .	Currently , components of consistent mass matrix are computed using various numerical integration schemes , each one alters in number of integration ( Gauss ) points , requires different amount of computations and possess different level of accuracy .	We discuss the closed-form mass matrix based on analytical integration .	Curved-sided and straight-sided elements are considered .	For a curved-sided element an exact analytical mass matrix is derived , however it is rather lengthy , hence approximations are proposed .
+0	For an optically thick metallic film , the transmission for both s- and p-polarized waves is extremely low .	If the metallic film is coated on both sides with a finite dielectric layer , light transmission for $ p $ -polarized waves can be enhanced considerably .	This enhancement is not related to surface plasmon-polaritions .	Instead , it is due to the interplay between Fabry-Perot interference in the coated dielectric layer and the existence of the Brewster angle at the dielectric/metallic interface .	It is shown that the coated metallic films can act as excellent polarizers at infrared wavelengths .
+0	We report unfiltered photometry during superoutbursts of PU UMa in 2009 and 2012 .	The amplitude was 4.5 magnitudes above mean quiescence and lasted at least 9 to 10 days .	Superhumps were present with a peak-to-peak amplitude of up to ~0.3 mag , thereby confirming it to be a member of the SU UMa family of dwarf novae .	The mean superhump period during the later part of the 2012 outburst was Psh = 0.08076 ( 40 ) d. Analysis of the eclipse times of minimum , supplemented with data from other researchers , revealed an orbital period of Porb = 0.077880551 ( 17 ) d. The superhump period excess was epsilon = 0.037 ( 5 ) .	During the 2012 outburst , which was the better observed of the two , the FWHM eclipse duration gradually declined from 9.5 to 5 min .
+1	The proposed algorithms are based on so-called `` non-intrusive '' sampling of the high-dimensional parameter space , reminiscent of Monte-Carlo sampling .	We analyze the convergence of compressive sensing based sampling techniques for the efficient evaluation of functionals of solutions for a class of high-dimensional , affine-parametric , linear operator equations which depend on possibly infinitely many parameters .	In contrast to Monte-Carlo , however , a functional of the parametric solution is then computed via compressive sensing methods from samples of functionals of the solution .	A key ingredient in our analysis of independent interest consists in a generalization of recent results on the approximate sparsity of generalized polynomial chaos representations ( gpc ) of the parametric solution families , in terms of the gpc series with respect to tensorized Chebyshev polynomials .	In particular , we establish sufficient conditions on the parametric inputs to the parametric operator equation such that the Chebyshev coefficients of the gpc expansion are contained in certain weighted $ \ell_p $ -spaces for $ 0 & lt ; p\leq 1 $ .
+2	At least three are associated with active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) with no optical signatures of nuclear activity , with a further two being potential AGN .	In our search for `` hidden '' AGN we present results from a Chandra observation of the nearby cluster Abell 2255 .	Eight cluster galaxies are associated with point-like X-ray emission , and we classify these galaxies based on their X-ray , radio , and optical properties .	Of the potential AGN , one corresponds to a galaxy with a post-starburst optical spectrum .	The remaining three X-ray detected cluster galaxies consist of two starbursts and an elliptical with luminous hot gas .
+1	For an ensemble of single qubits , iterative application of selective dynamics has been shown to lead to complex chaos , which is a novel form of quantum chaos with true sensitivity to the initial conditions .	Selection of an ensemble of equally prepared quantum systems , based on measurements on it , is a basic step in quantum state purification .	The Julia set of initial valuse with no convergence shows a complicated structre on the complex plane .	The shape of the Julia set varies with the parameter of the dynamics .	We present here results for the two qubit case demonstrating how a purification process can be destroyed with chaotic oscillations .
+0	The counting grid is a grid of microtopics , sparse word/feature distributions .	The generative model associated with the grid does not use these microtopics individually .	Rather , it groups them in overlapping rectangular windows and uses these grouped microtopics as either mixture or admixture components .	This paper builds upon the basic counting grid model and it shows that hierarchical reasoning helps avoid bad local minima , produces better classification accuracy and , most interestingly , allows for extraction of large numbers of coherent microtopics even from small datasets .	We evaluate this in terms of consistency , diversity and clarity of the indexed content , as well as in a user study on word intrusion tasks .
+2	As a result , the strength of the first-order phase transition is weakened .	The type-I region of phase transitions at finite temperature of the U ( 1 ) -Higgs theory in 3+1 dimensions is investigated in detail using a Wilsonian renormalisation group .	We consider in particular the quantitative effects induced through the cross-over of the scale-dependent Abelian charge from the Gaussian to a non-trivial Abelian fixed point .	Analytical solutions to approximate flow equations are obtained , and all characteristics of the phase transition are discussed and compared to the results obtained from perturbation theory .	In addition , we present a detailed quantitative study regarding the dependence of the physical observables on the coarse-graining scheme .
+2	Here we consider the interesting and generic case of hypercharged dark matter , which can allow for heavy dark matter masses without spoiling testability .	The lack of new physics at the LHC so far weakens the argument for TeV scale thermal dark matter .	On the other hand , heavier , non-thermal dark matter is generally difficult to test experimentally .	Planned direct detection experiments will be able to see a signal for masses up to an incredible $ 10^ { 10 } $ GeV , and this can further serve to probe the reheating temperature up to about $ 10^9 $ GeV , as determined by the non-thermal dark matter relic abundance .	The $ Z $ -mediated nature of the dark matter scattering may be determined in principle by comparing scattering rates on different detector nuclei , which in turn can reveal the dark matter mass .
+2	The linearized equations of scalar perturbations in the FRW metric are derived .	In this paper the implications of a recently proposed phenomenological model of cosmology , the Asymptotic Cosmological Model ( ACM ) , on the behavior of scalar perturbations are studied .	Firstly we discuss new fits of the ACM at the homogeneous level , including fits to the Type Ia Supernovae UNION dataset , first CMB peak of WMAP5 and BAOs .	A simple model is used to compute the CMB temperature perturbation spectrum .	The results are compared with the treatment of perturbations in other approaches to the problem of the accelerated expansion of the universe .
+4	These new features essentially alter the relaxation dynamics .	We modify and extend an earlier proposal by Brown and Teitelboim to relax the effective cosmological term by nucleation of branes coupled to a three-index gauge potential .	Microscopic considerations from string/M theory suggest two major innovations in the framework .	First , the dependence of brane properties on the compactification of extra dimensions may generate a very small quantized unit for jumps in the effective cosmological term .	Second , internal degrees of freedom for multiply coincident branes may enhance tunneling rates by exponentially large density of states factors .
+0	This paper centers on the limit eigenvalue distribution for random Vandermonde matrices with unit magnitude complex entries .	The phases of the entries are chosen independently and identically distributed from the interval $ [ -\pi , \pi ] $ .	Various types of distribution for the phase are considered and we establish the existence of the empirical eigenvalue distribution in the large matrix limit on a wide range of cases .	The rate of growth of the maximum eigenvalue is examined and shown to be no greater than $ O ( \log N ) $ and no slower than $ O ( \log N/\log\log N ) $ where $ N $ is the dimension of the matrix .	Additional results include the existence of the capacity of the Vandermonde channel ( limit integral for the expected log determinant ) .
+2	However , we derive a `quasilocal dominant energy condition ' which is the natural consequence of the local dominant energy condition .	The classical value of the Hamiltonian for a system with timelike boundary has been interpreted as a quasilocal energy .	This quasilocal energy is not positive definite .	We discuss some implications of this quasilocal energy condition .	In particular , we find that it implies a `quasilocal weak energy condition ' .
+3	Varying the radius and the initial velocity of the colliding particles , the velocity components of the fragments show anomalous scaling .	We study the phenomena associated with the low-velocity impact of two solid discs of equal size using a cell model of brittle solids .	The fragment ejection exhibits a jet-like structure the direction of which depends on the impact parameter .	We obtain the velocity and the mass distribution of the debris .	The mass distribution follows a power law in the region of intermediate masses .
+3	This system describe a bundle of the characteristics along which the multidimensional problem is reduced to one-dimensional one that allows to utillize the standard interpretation of the wave function as well as for usual Schrodinger equation .	The behaviour of the wave function of the Universe under the barrier for anisotropic cosmological Bianchi type IX model with account of influence of the scalar field is explored .	In view of known difficulties with interpretation of multidimensional wave functions the method of reduction of such problems to one-dimensional is offered .	For this purpose in frameworks of semiclassical approach the system of characteristics equations relative to one variable is written out .	The obtained results for Bianchi type IX model are reduced to the following statement : the Universe tunnels through the barrier from an isotropic state with zero initial value of the scalar field and appear in classically allowed region with small anisotropy that is necessary for providing of long-lived inflation for deriving the Universe such as ours .
+3	In analogy to the doped single layer cuprates , the lowest energy states in doped bilayer cuprates are located at the $ ( \pi/2 , \pi/2 ) $ point .	Within the t-t'-J model , the electron spectrum and quasiparticle dispersion in doped bilayer cuprates in the normal state are discussed by considering the bilayer interaction .	It is shown that the bilayer interaction splits the electron spectrum of doped bilayer cuprates into the bonding and antibonding components around the $ ( \pi,0 ) $ point .	The differentiation between the bonding and antibonding components is essential , which leads to two main flat bands around the $ ( \pi,0 ) $ point below the Fermi energy .	Our results also show that the striking behavior of the electronic structure in doped bilayer cuprates is intriguingly related to the bilayer interaction together with strong coupling between the electron quasiparticles and collective magnetic excitations .
+3	Based on this , we further study how to estimate covariance based on direct samples or covariance sketching .	We study the value of information in sequential compressed sensing by characterizing the performance of sequential information guided sensing in practical scenarios when information is inaccurate .	In particular , we assume the signal distribution is parameterized through Gaussian or Gaussian mixtures with estimated mean and covariance matrices , and we can measure compressively through a noisy linear projection or using one-sparse vectors , i.e. , observing one entry of the signal each time .	We establish a set of performance bounds for the bias and variance of the signal estimator via posterior mean , by capturing the conditional entropy ( which is also related to the size of the uncertainty ) , and the additional power required due to inaccurate information to reach a desired precision .	Numerical examples also demonstrate the superior performance of Info-Greedy Sensing algorithms compared with their random and non-adaptive counterparts .
+1	Energy harvesting has recently become a preferred choice for achieving this goal as it provides near perpetual operation .	Network life time maximization is becoming an important design goal in wireless sensor networks .	We study such a sensor node with an energy harvesting source and compare various architectures by which the harvested energy is used .	We find its Shannon capacity when it is transmitting its observations over a fading AWGN channel with perfect/no channel state information provided at the transmitter .	We obtain an achievable rate when there are inefficiencies in energy storage and the capacity when energy is spent in activities other than transmission .
+2	Various possible scenarios are presented , including the formation of a soliton-soliton bound pair .	The creation and interaction of dark solitons in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate is investigated .	For a miscible case , the interaction of dark solitons in different components is studied .	We also analyze the soliton propagation in the presence of domains , and show that a dark soliton can be transferred from one component to the other at the domain wall when it exceeds a critical velocity .	For lower velocities multiple reflections within the domain are observed , where the soliton is evaporated and accelerated after each reflection until it finally escapes from the domain .
+3	At graphs with 16 edges we find examples where \bar N ( q ) is given by a polynomial in q plus q^2 times the number of points in the projective complement of a singular K3 in \P^3 .	We consider the number \bar N ( q ) of points in the projective complement of graph hypersurfaces over \F_q and show that the smallest graphs with non-polynomial \bar N ( q ) have 14 edges .	We give six examples which fall into two classes .	One class has an exceptional prime 2 whereas in the other class \bar N ( q ) depends on the number of cube roots of unity in \F_q .	In the second part of the paper we show that applying momentum space Feynman-rules over \F_q lets the perturbation series terminate for renormalizable and non-renormalizable bosonic quantum field theories .
+3	Finally , the continuum Moyal-Toda chain equation is embedded into the SU ( \infty ) Moyal-Nahm equations , rendering the relation with the Moyal deformations of the self dual membrane .	Since the lightcone self dual spherical membrane , moving in flat target backgrounds , has a direct correspondence with the SU ( \infty ) Nahm equations and the continuous Toda theory , we construct the quantum/Moyal deformations of the self dual membrane in terms of the q-Moyal star product .	The q deformations of the SU ( \infty ) Nahm equations are studied and explicit solutions are given .	The continuum limit of the q Toda chain equations are obtained furnishing q deformations of the self dual membrane .	W_ { \infty } and q-W_ { \infty } algebras arise as the symmetry algebras and the role of ( the recently developed ) quantum Lie algebras associated with quantized universal enveloping algebras is pointed out pertaining the formulation of a q Toda theory .
+4	Studying the Witten-Nester energy as a bulk integral over the initial value surface instead , we find a bound on the energy , and through it the sufficient condition for the positivity of the energy .	We formulate topologically massive supergravity with cosmological constant in the first order formalism , and construct the Noether supercurrent and superpotential associated with its local supersymmetry .	Using these results , we construct in ordinary topologically massive gravity the Witten-Nester integral for conserved charges containing spinors which satisfy a generalized version of Witten equation on the initial value surface .	We show that the Witten-Nester charge , represented as an integral over the boundary of the initial value surface produces the Abbott-Deser-Tekin energy for asymptotically anti de Sitter spacetimes .	We consider all values of the Chern-Simons coupling constant , including the critical value known as the chiral point , and study the cases of standard Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions , as well as their weaker version that allow a slower fall-off .
+2	As an application , suppose \ ( E_1 \ ) and \ ( E_2 \ ) defined over a number field \ ( K \ ) , with at least one of them without complex multiplication .	We show that a two dimensional $ \ell $ -adic representation of the absolute Galois group of a number field which is locally potentially equivalent to a $ GL ( 2 ) $ - $ \ell $ -adic representation $ \rho $ at a set of places of $ K $ of positive upper density is potentially equivalent to $ \rho $ .	For an elliptic curver \ ( E \ ) defined over a number field \ ( K \ ) and a finite place \ ( v \ ) of \ ( K \ ) of good reduction for \ ( E \ ) , let \ ( F ( E , v ) \ ) denote the Frobenius field of \ ( E \ ) at \ ( v \ ) , given by the splitting field of the characteristic polynomial of the Frobenius automorphism at \ ( v \ ) acting on the Tate module of \ ( E \ ) .	We prove that the set of places \ ( v \ ) of \ ( K \ ) of good reduction such that the corresponding Frobenius fields are equal has positive upper density if and only if \ ( E_1 \ ) and \ ( E_2 \ ) are isogenous over some extension of \ ( K \ ) .	We show that for an elliptic curve \ ( E \ ) defined over a number field \ ( K \ ) , the set of finite places of \ ( K \ ) such that the Frobenius field \ ( F ( E , v ) \ ) at $ v $ equals a fixed imaginary quadratic field \ ( F \ ) has positive upper density if and only if \ ( E \ ) has complex multiplication by \ ( F \ ) .
+0	Topological Kondo Insulators are a class of strongly correlated material which develop protected Dirac surface states .	To date , the ideas of topological protection have been applied to Kondo insulators with the simplest point-group symmetries .	Here we demonstrate that nonsymmorphic crystal symmetries allow us to understand the class of `` failed '' Kondo insulators , including CeNiSn , CeRhSb and CeIrSb which exhibit semi-metallic behavior with extreme anisotropy .	The presence of non-symmorphic glide and screw axis symmetries give rise to surface states with a novel Mobius braiding .	Protected surface states on these Mobius Kondo insulators can be independently activated on any of the three orthogonal surfaces , giving rise to a rich phase diagram .
+4	The present contribution uses two new constructions of crossing critical simple graphs along with the one developed by Pinontoan and Richter to unify these results and to answer Salazar 's question by the following statement : there exist infinite families of simple k-crossing-critical graphs with any prescribed average degree r in ( 3 , 6 ) , for any k greater than some lower bound N ( r ) .	Siran constructed infinite families of k-crossing-critical graphs for every k & gt ; 2 and Kochol constructed such families of simple graphs for every k & gt ; 1 .	Richter and Thomassen argued that , for any given k & gt ; 0 and r & gt ; 5 , there are only finitely many simple k-crossing-critical graphs with minimum degree r. Salazar observed that the same argument implies such a conclusion for simple k-crossing-critical graphs of prescribed average degree r & gt ; 6 .	He established the existence of infinite families of simple k-crossing-critical graphs with any prescribed rational average degree r in [ 4 , 6 ) for infinitely many k and asked about their existence for r in ( 3 , 4 ) .	The question was partially settled by Pinontoan and Richter , who answered it positively for r in ( 3.5 , 4 ) .
+1	Many variants of this model of self-propelled particles have been studied to explain the coherent motion of groups of birds , fish or microbes .	When particles move at a constant speed and have the tendency to align their directions of motion , ordered large scale movement can emerge despite significant levels of noise .	Here , we generalize the exactly aligning collision rule of the classical model of self-propelled particles to the case where particles after the collision tend to move in slightly different directions away from each other , as characterized by a collision angle $ \alpha $ .	We map out the resulting phase diagram and find that , in sufficiently dense systems , small disalignment can lead to higher global alignment of particle movement directions .	We show that in this dense regime , global alignment is accompanied by a grid-like spatial structure which allows information to rapidly percolate accross the system by a `` domino '' effect .
+2	The peak lies within experimental error where a_0 = cH_0/2\pi and H_0 is the present-time value of the Hubble constant .	A novel interpretation of MOND is presented .	For galactic data , in addition to Newtonian acceleration , there is an attractive acceleration peaking at Milgrom 's parameter a_0 .	This peaking may be understood in terms of quantum mechanical mixing between Newtonian gravitation and the condensation mechanism .	There are five pointers towards galaxies being Fermi-Dirac condensates .
+4	We provide numerical results also for the longer range interactions , Polyakov lines in higher representations as well as four-point interactions , and discuss the growing significance of non-local contributions as the lattice gets finer .	We consider a three-dimensional effective theory of Polyakov lines derived previously from lattice Yang-Mills theory and QCD by means of a resummed strong coupling expansion .	The effective theory is useful for investigations of the phase structure , with a sign problem mild enough to allow simulations also at finite density .	In this work we present a numerical method to determine improved values for the effective couplings directly from correlators of the 4d Yang-Mills theory .	For values of the gauge coupling up to the vicinity of the phase transition , the dominant short range effective coupling are well described by their corresponding strong coupling series .
+2	We first derive a novel capture probability expression of a finite sized receiver .	In this paper , we consider a molecular diffusion based communications link that conveys information on the macro-scale ( several metres ) .	The motivation is to apply molecular-based communications to challenging electromagnetic environments .	The paper then introduces the concept of time-aggregated molecular noise at the receiver as a function of the rate at which the sensor can self-cleanse .	The resulting inter-symbol-interference is expressed as a function of the sensor cleanse time , and the performance metrics of bit error rate , throughput and round-trip-time are derived .
+1	In this model , each `` car '' moves ballistically at its initial velocity until it overtakes the preceding car or cluster .	We study a simple aggregation model that mimics the clustering of traffic on a one-lane roadway .	After this encounter , the incident car assumes the velocity of the cluster which it has just joined .	The properties of the initial distribution of velocities in the small velocity limit control the long-time properties of the aggregation process .	For an initial velocity distribution with a power-law tail at small velocities , $ \pvim $ as $ v \to 0 $ , a simple scaling argument shows that the average cluster size grows as $ n \sim t^ { \va } $ and that the average velocity decays as $ v \sim t^ { -\vb } $ as $ t\to \infty $ .
+2	However , very little is known about the frictional forces between an individual nanotube and a substrate or tip .	Carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) are well known for their exceptional thermal , mechanical and electrical properties .	For many CNT applications it is of the foremost importance to know their frictional properties .	Here , we present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the frictional forces encountered by a nanosize tip sliding on top of a supported multiwall CNT along a direction parallel or transverse to the CNT axis .	Surprisingly , we find a higher friction coefficient in the transverse direction compared with the parallel direction .
+3	A new mathematical model for the autoregulation of a blood flow through arteria under the constant transmural pressure is presented .	The fluid shear stress is an important regulator of the cardiovascular system via the endothelium-derived relaxing factor ( EDRF ) that is Nitric Oxide .	This mechanism involves biochemical reactions in an arterial wall .	The autoregulation process is managed by the vascular tonus and gives the negative feedback for the shear stress changing .	Endothelium-derived relaxing factor Nitric Oxide , the multi-layer structure of an arterial wall , and kinetic-diffusion processes are taken into consideration .
+2	The properties discussed include the vapor-liquid coexistence curve , the vapor pressure along coexistence , and the surface tension .	Monte Carlo simulations are presented for a coarse-grained model of real quadrupolar fluids .	Molecules are represented by particles interacting with Lennard-Jones forces plus the thermally averaged quadrupole-quadrupole interaction .	The full isotherms are also accessible over a wide range of temperatures and densities .	It is shown that the critical parameters ( critical temperature , density , and pressure ) depend almost linearly on a quadrupolar parameter $ q=Q^ { *4 } /T^* $ , $ Q^* $ is the reduced quadrupole moment of the molecule and $ T^* $ the reduced temperature .
+3	In general , composition-dependent N-body terms in the total energy lead to explicit ( N+1 ) -body forces , which potentially renders them computationally expensive .	We propose a simple scheme to construct composition-dependent interatomic potentials for multicomponent systems that when superposed onto the potentials for the pure elements can reproduce not only the heat of mixing of the solid solution in the entire concentration range but also the energetics of a wider range of configurations including intermetallic phases .	We show that an expansion in cluster interactions provides a way to systematically increase the accuracy of the model , and that it is straightforward to generalise this procedure to multicomponent systems .	Concentration-dependent interatomic potentials can be built upon almost any type of potential for the pure elements including embedded atom method ( EAM ) , modified EAM , bond-order , and Stillinger-Weber type potentials .	We present an algorithm that overcomes this problem and that can speed up the calculation of the forces for composition-dependent pair potentials in such a way as to make them computationally comparable in efficiency and scaling behaviour to standard EAM potentials .
+0	For the 2D Euler equations and related models of geophysical flows , minima of energy -- Casimir variational problems are stable steady states of the equations ( Arnol 'd theorems ) .	The same variational problems also describe sets of statistical equilibria of the equations .	In this paper , we make use of Lyapunov -- Schmidt reduction in order to study the bifurcation diagrams for these variational problems , in the limit of small energy or , equivalently , of small departure from quadratic Casimir functionals .	We show a generic occurrence of phase transitions , either continuous or discontinuous .	We derive the type of phase transitions for any domain geometry and any model analogous to the 2D Euler equations .
+1	The analysis of 2-dimensional space allows us to express the fluid density in terms of the parameters of torsion loop metric .	The irrotational vortex geometry carachter of torsion loops is displayed by showing that torsion loops and nonradial flow acoustic metrics are conformally equivalent in $ ( 1+1 ) $ dimensions while radial flow acoustic spacetime are conformally related in $ ( 2+1 ) $ dimensional spacetime .	These results lead us to conclude that the acoustic metric of vortex flows is the gravitational analog of torsion loop spacetime .	Since no vorticity in the fluids is considered we do not make explicit use of non-Riemannian geometry of vortex acoustics in classical fluids .	Acoustic nonradial flows are shown to exihibit a full analogy with torsion loop metric .
+2	In comparing experiments with theories and simulation , researchers to date have paid little attention to likely uncertainties in experimentally-quoted phi values .	Hard-sphere colloids are popular as models for testing fundamental theories in condensed matter and statistical physics , from crystal nucleation to the glass transition .	A single parameter , the volume fraction ( phi ) , characterizes an ideal , monodisperse hard-sphere suspension .	We critically review the experimental measurement of phi in hard-sphere colloids , and show that while statistical uncertainties in comparing relative values of phi can be as low as 0.0001 , systematic errors of 3-6 % are probably unavoidable .	The consequences of this are illustrated by way of a case study comparing literature data sets on hard-sphere viscosity and diffusion .
+1	Fixed-point definitions can capture simple model checking problems and closed-world assumptions .	Logic programming with fixed-point definitions is a useful extension of traditional logic programming .	Its operational semantics is typically based on intuitionistic provability .	We extend the operational semantics of these languages with game semantics .	This extended semantics has several interesting aspects : in particular , it gives a logical status to the $ read $ predicate .
+1	All compounds show a low- $ T $ magnetization that is concave as a function of $ B $ , with a sharp `` elbow '' transition to a constant value at a field $ B_ { \rm c } $ .	Pulsed-field magnetization experiments ( fields $ B $ of up to 85 T and temperatures $ T $ down to 0.4 K ) are reported on nine organic Cu-based two-dimensional ( 2D ) Heisenberg magnets .	Monte-Carlo simulations including a finite interlayer exchange energy $ J_ { \perp } $ quantitatively reproduce the data ; the concavity indicates the effective dimensionality and $ B_ { \rm c } $ is an accurate measure of the in-plane exchange energy $ J $ .	Using these values and Ne\'el temperatures measured by muon-spin rotation , it is also possible to obtain a quantitative estimate of $ |J_ { \perp } /J| $ .	In the light of these results , it is suggested that in magnets of the form [ Cu ( HF $ _2 $ ) ( pyz ) $ _2 $ ] X , where X is an anion , the sizes of $ J $ and $ J_ { \perp } $ are controlled by the tilting of the pyrazine ( pyz ) molecule with respect to the 2D planes .
+4	The second property , called fair-share , preserves fairness when different nodes use different contention windows .	CSMA/ECA is a contention protocol that makes it possible to construct a collision-free schedule by using a deterministic backoff after successful transmissions .	In this paper , we further enhance the CSMA/ECA protocol with two properties that allows to fairly accommodate a large number of contenders in a collision-free schedule .	The first property , called hysteresis , instructs the contenders not to reset their contention window after successful transmissions .	Thanks to hysteresis , the protocol sustains a high throughput regardless of the number of contenders .
+2	Another approach , called a Virtual Wire System , is based on creating a magnetic field having an energetic symmetry ( a virtual wire ) , with further superposition of external field .	Three new approaches to generating thrust in uniform magnetic fields are proposed .	The first direction is based on employing Lorentz force acting on partial magnetically shielded 8-shaped loop with current in external magnetic field , whereby a net force rather than a torque origins .	The external field breaks the symmetry causing origination of a net force .	Unlike a wire with current , having radial energetic symmetry , the symmetry of the Virtual Wire System is closer to an axial wire .
+4	The critical exponent $ \beta $ of the order parameter ( magnetization ) is found to approach the mean field value of 0.5 as the thickness of the top Pd layer increases .	The magnetic properties of thin-film Pd/Fe/Pd trilayers in which an embedded ~1.5 A-thick ultrathin layer of Fe induces ferromagnetism in the surrounding Pd have been investigated .	The thickness of the ferromagnetic trilayer is controlled by varying the thickness of the top Pd layer over a range from 8 A to 56 A .	As the thickness of the top Pd layer decreases , or equivalently as the embedded Fe layer moves closer to the top surface , the saturated magnetization normalized to area and the Curie temperature decrease whereas the coercivity increases .	These thickness-dependent observations for proximity-polarized thin-film Pd are qualitatively consistent with finite size effects that are well known for regular thin-film ferromagnets .
+4	In the present work , we study a non-integrable model of coupled quantum relativistic kicked rotors .	A periodically-driven rotor is a prototypical model that exhibits a transition to chaos in the classical regime and dynamical localization ( related to Anderson localization ) in the quantum regime .	In a recent preprint , arXiv:1506.05455 , Keser et al .	considered a many-body generalization of coupled quantum kicked rotors , and showed that in the special integrable linear case , dynamical localization survives interactions .	By analogy with many-body localization , the phenomenon was dubbed dynamical many-body localization .
+3	For planet parameter determination we used two independent codes and finally , we concluded that our parameters are in agreement with previous studies .	We present new observations of the transiting system TrES-3 obtained from 2009 to 2011 at several observatories .	The orbital parameters of the system were re- determined and a new linear ephemeris was calculated .	The best quality light curve was used for light curve analysis , an other datasets were used to determine mid-transit times , Tc , and study transit time variation ( TTV ) .	Based on our observations , we determined 14 mid-transit times .
+4	At early times , H-alpha widths suggest that the photosphere is ahead of the shock , and photons diffuse out through the opaque CSM .	We present a detailed analysis of the extremely luminous Type IIn supernova SN2006gy using spectra obtained between days 36 and 237 after explosion .	We derive the temporal evolution of the effective temperature , radius , expansion speeds , and bolometric luminosity , as well as the progenitor wind density and total swept-up mass overtaken by the shock .	SN2006gy can be interpreted in the context of shock interaction with a dense CSM , but with quite extreme values for the CSM mass of 20 Msun and an explosion kinetic energy of at least 5e51 erg .	A key difference between SN2006gy and other SNeIIn is that , owing to its large CSM mass , the interaction region remained opaque much longer .
+2	The total mass of an inflationary domain must be greater than $ 10^ { 72 } M_ { s } $ , where $ M_ { s } \sim l_s^ { -1 } $ .	We show that in a generic case of the pre-big-bang scenario , inflation will solve cosmological problems only if the universe at the onset of inflation is extremely large and homogeneous from the very beginning .	The size of a homogeneous part of the universe at the beginning of the stage of pre-big-bang ( PBB ) inflation must be greater than $ 10^ { 19 } $ $ l_s $ , where $ l_s $ is the stringy length .	If the universe is initially radiation dominated , then its total entropy at that time must be greater than $ 10^ { 68 } $ .	If the universe is closed , then at the moment of its formation it must be uniform over $ 10^ { 24 } $ causally disconnected domains .
+2	This result is due to Iwaniec \cite { Iwaniec_thesis } , but we give a new proof of this fact .	This article studies the smoothness of conformal mappings between two Riemannian manifolds whose metric tensors have limited regularity .	We show that any bi-Lipschitz conformal mapping between two manifolds with $ C^r $ metric tensors ( $ r & gt ; 1 $ ) is a $ C^ { r+1 } $ conformal diffeomorphism .	The proof is based on $ n $ -harmonic coordinates , a generalization of the standard harmonic coordinates that is particularly suited to studying conformal mappings .	We establish the existence of a $ p $ -harmonic coordinate system for $ 1 & lt ; p & lt ; \infty $ on any Riemannian manifold .
+2	A recent CLEO determination of the $ D^* D \pi $ coupling constant is compared with an earlier prediction , and its role in the description of the $ B \to \pi $ form factors is noted .	Analysis of the present data on the semileptonic process $ B \to \pi \ell \nu $ indicates that they have not yet reached the precision to provide adequate information on the $ B \to \pi $ form factor $ F_+ ( q^2 ) $ , which for $ q^2 = m_\pi^2 $ is known to be related to the factorized color-favored ( `` $ T $ '' , or `` tree '' ) contribution to $ B^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^- $ .	It is shown here that with around 500 $ B \to \pi \ell \nu $ events in which rate and spectrum are measured one can improve the accuracy of $ T $ by a significant amount .	When combined with an estimate of the penguin amplitude ( `` $ P $ '' ) obtained using flavor SU ( 3 ) symmetry from $ B \to K \pi $ decays , information on $ T $ allows one to gauge the effects of the penguin amplitude on extraction of the weak phase $ \alpha = \phi_2 $ from the time-dependent CP-violating rate asymmetry in $ B^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^- $ .	The constraint on $ \alpha $ implied by a recent experimental result on this asymmetry is described .
+1	We start by analyzing the quantization of simple mechanical systems with discrete time .	We discuss the canonical quantization of systems formulated on discrete space-times .	The quantization becomes challenging when the systems have anholonomic constraints .	We propose a new canonical formulation and quantization for such systems in terms of discrete canonical transformations .	This allows to construct , for the first time , a canonical formulation for general constrained mechanical systems with discrete time .
+4	These states are the $ L_1 \to 0 $ limits of the Laughlin/Jain wave functions for filling fractions where these exist .	We consider spin-polarized electrons in a single Landau level on a torus .	The quantum Hall problem is mapped onto a one-dimensional lattice model with lattice constant $ 2\pi/L_1 $ , where $ L_1 $ is a circumference of the torus ( in units of the magnetic length ) .	In the Tao-Thouless limit , $ L_1\to 0 $ , the interacting many-electron problem is exactly diagonalized at any rational filling factor $ \nu=p/q\le 1 $ .	For odd $ q $ , the ground state has the same qualitative properties as a bulk ( $ L_1 \to \infty $ ) quantum Hall hierarchy state and the lowest energy quasiparticle exitations have the same fractional charges as in the bulk .
+3	From the Composition-Diamond lemma for associative algebras , it follows that the set of Young tableaux is a linear basis of plactic algebra .	We present the plactic algebra on an arbitrary alphabet set $ A $ by row generators and column generators respectively .	We give Gr\ '' { o } bner-Shirshov bases for such presentations .	In the case of column generators , a finite Gr\ '' { o } bner-Shirshov basis is given if $ A $ is finite .	As the result , it gives a new proof that Young tableaux are normal forms of elements of plactic monoid .
+4	In addition to integrating such public cloud services into a public cloud-based Content Delivery Network , the MediaWise Cloud also provides advanced Quality of Service ( QoS ) management as required for the delivery of streamed and interactive high resolution multimedia content .	The MediaWise project aims to expand the scope of existing media delivery systems with novel cloud , personalization and collaboration capabilities that can serve the needs of more users , communities , and businesses .	The project develops a MediaWise Cloud platform that supports do-it-yourself creation , search , management , and consumption of multimedia content .	The MediaWise Cloud supports pay-as-you-go models and elasticity that are similar to those offered by commercially available cloud services .	However , unlike existing commercial CDN services providers such as Limelight Networks and Akamai the MediaWise Cloud require no ownerships of computing infrastructure and instead rely on the public Internet and public cloud services ( e.g. , commercial cloud storage to store its content ) .
+3	Due to the discrete nature of the data , we first need to adapt the observation model for discrete random variables .	The analysis of comorbidity is an open and complex research field in the branch of psychiatry , where clinical experience and several studies suggest that the relation among the psychiatric disorders may have etiological and treatment implications .	In this paper , we are interested in applying latent feature modeling to find the latent structure behind the psychiatric disorders that can help to examine and explain the relationships among them .	To this end , we use the large amount of information collected in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions ( NESARC ) database and propose to model these data using a nonparametric latent model based on the Indian Buffet Process ( IBP ) .	We propose a generative model in which the observations are drawn from a multinomial-logit distribution given the IBP matrix .
+2	Furthermore , we propose a contact-analogue of Ray-Singer 's analytic torsion .	We introduce a global Cauchy-Riemann ( $ CR $ ) -invariant and discuss its behavior on the moduli space of $ CR $ -structures .	We argue that this study is related to the Smale conjecture in 3-topology and the problem of counting complex structures .	This `` contact torsion '' is expected to be able to distinguish among `` contact lens '' spaces .	We also propose the study of a certain kind of monopole equation associated with a contact structure .
+2	Their spectra can thus be analyzed twofold .	A quantitative criterion to prove and analyze convergence within the numerical renormalization group ( NRG ) is introduced .	By tracing out a few further NRG shells , the resulting reduced density matrices carry relevant information on numerical accuracy as well as entanglement .	The smallest eigenvalues provide a sensitive estimate of how much weight is discarded in the low energy description of later iterations .	As such , the discarded weight is a clear indicator of the accuracy of a specific NRG calculation .
+4	Performance of this algorithm is studied and compared with several known solutions .	We study the problem of quantization of discrete probability distributions , arising in universal coding , as well as other applications .	We show , that in many situations this problem can be reduced to the covering problem for the unit simplex .	This setting yields precise asymptotic characterization in the high-rate regime .	We also describe a simple and asymptotically optimal algorithm for solving this problem .
+3	A gun driven by optically-generated single-cycle THz pulses provides a practical solution to enable not only GV/m surface fields but also absolute timing stability , since the pulses are generated by the same laser as the phototrigger .	Ultrashort electron beams with narrow energy spread , high charge , and low jitter are essential for resolving phase transitions in metals , semiconductors , and molecular crystals .	These semirelativistic beams , produced by phototriggered electron guns , are also injected into accelerators for x-ray light sources .	The achievable resolution of these time-resolved electron diffraction or x-ray experiments has been hindered by surface field and timing jitter limitations in conventional RF guns , which thus far are & lt ; 200 MV/m and & gt ; 96 fs , respectively .	Here , we demonstrate an all-optical THz gun yielding peak electron energies approaching 1 keV , accelerated by 300 MV/m THz fields in a novel micron-scale waveguide structure .
+1	First , we show that it possesses a class of non-dispersive soliton solution with finite-size spatio-temporal support inside which the quantum amplitude satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation with finite { \it emergent } mass .	We consider a mass-less manifestly covariant { \it linear } Schr\ '' odinger equation .	We then proceed to interpret the soliton wave function as describing a particle with finite mass , energy and momentum .	Inside the spatio-temporal support , the wave function shows spatio-temporal internal vibration with angular frequency and wave number that are determined by the energy-momentum of the particle as firstly conjectured by de Broglie .	Imposing resonance of the internal vibration inside the spatio-temporal support leads to Planck-Einstein quantization of energy-momentum .
+2	We find significant absorption in the early phase of the X-ray light curve , with some evidence ( 3 sigma level ) of variability .	We analyze optical and X-ray observations of GRB 050904 obtained with TAROT and SWIFT .	We perform temporal and spectral analysis of the X-ray and optical data .	We interpret this as a progressive photo-ionization .	We investigate the environment of the burst and constrain its density profile .
+2	For loss rates below 10 % , this approach performs better than the best scheme known up to date [ Phys .	A new way of addressing loss errors is introduced which combines ideas from measurement-based quantum computation and concatenated quantum codes , allowing for universal quantum computation .	It is shown that for the case where leakage is detected upon measurement , the scheme performs well under 23 % loss rate .	Rev.Lett. , 97 ( 12 ) :120501 ] .	If lost qubits are tagged prior to measurement , it can tolerate up to 50 % loss .
+0	We have identified a spiral arm lying beyond the Outer Arm in the first Galactic quadrant ~15 kpc from the Galactic center .	After tracing the arm in existing 21 cm surveys , we searched for molecular gas using the CfA 1.2 meter telescope and detected CO at 10 of 220 positions .	The detections are distributed along the arm from l = 13 deg , v = -21 km/s to l = 55 deg , v = -84 km/s and coincide with most of the main H I concentrations .	One of the detections was fully mapped to reveal a large molecular cloud with a radius of 47 pc and a molecular mass of ~50,000 Mo .	At a mean distance of 21 kpc , the molecular gas in this arm is the most distant yet detected in the Milky Way .
+2	Several works have proposed the decrease of the covering factor of the molecular torus with the luminosity ( in the framework of the luminosity-dependent unification models ) as a possible explanation for the X-ray Baldwin effect .	The existence of an anti-correlation between the equivalent width ( EW ) of the narrow core of the iron Kalpha line and the luminosity of the continuum ( i.e.the X-ray Baldwin effect ) in type-I active galactic nuclei has been confirmed over the last years by several studies carried out with XMM-Newton , Chandra and Suzaku .	However , so far no general consensus on the origin of this trend has been reached .	Using the fraction of obscured sources measured by recent X-ray and IR surveys as a proxy of the half-opening angle of the torus , and the recent Monte-Carlo simulations of the X-ray radiation reprocessed by a structure with a spherical-toroidal geometry by Ikeda et al .	( 2009 ) and Brightman & amp ; Nandra ( 2011 ) , we test the hypothesis that the X-ray Baldwin effect is related to the decrease of the half-opening angle of the torus with the luminosity .
+2	Mergers drive shocks into the intracluster gas , and these shocks heat the intracluster gas , and should also accelerate nonthermal relativistic particles .	Clusters of galaxies generally form by the gravitational merger of smaller clusters and groups .	Major cluster mergers are the most energetic events in the Universe since the Big Bang .	The thermal effects of merger shocks will be briefly discussed .	Mergers can increase the temperature and X-ray luminosities of clusters , and this may affect statistical conclusions about cosmological parameters .
+4	40 ' diameter field of view ( baseline ; 50 ' goal ) DEPFET detector with a pixel size properly sampling the angular resolution of 5 arc sec on-axis ( half energy width ) .This synthesis makes the WFI a very powerful survey instrument , significantly surpassing currently existing capabilities ( Nandra et al .	The Wide Field Imager ( WFI ) is one of the two scientific instruments proposed for the Athena+ X-ray observatory .	It will provide imaging in the 0.1-15 keV band over a wide field , simultaneously with spectrally and time-resolved photon counting .	The instrument is designed to make optimal use of the grasp ( collecting area times solid angle product ) provided by the optical design of the Athena+ mirror system ( Willingale et al .	2013 ) , by combining a sensitive approx .
+3	This allows to obtain a lower bound on -delta_ ( 1/m^2 ) ^ ( A_1 ) in terms of the chi_i ( w ) and the shape of the elastic IW function xi ( w ) .	Within the OPE , we the new sum rules in Heavy Quark Effective Theory in the heavy quark limit and at order 1/m_Q , using the non-forward amplitude .	In particular , we obtain new sum rules involving the elastic subleading form factors chi_i ( w ) ( i = 1,2 , 3 ) at order 1/m_Q that originate from the L_kin and L_mag perturbations of the Lagrangian .	To the sum rules contribute only the same intermediate states ( j^P , J^P ) = ( ( 1/2 ) ^- , 1^- ) , ( ( 3/2 ) ^- , 1^- ) that enter in the 1/m_Q^2 corrections of the axial form factor h_ ( A_1 ) ( w ) at zero recoil .	An important theoretical implication is that chi'_1 ( 1 ) , chi_2 ( 1 ) and chi'_3 ( 1 ) ( chi_1 ( 1 ) = chi_3 ( 1 ) = 0 from Luke theorem ) must vanish when the slope and the curvature attain their lowest values rho^2- & gt ; 3/4 , sigma^2- & gt ; 15/16 .
+1	The Standard Model is extended by two right-handed neutrinos and three sterile fermionic states , leading to three light active neutrino mass eigenstates , two pairs of ( heavy ) pseudo-Dirac mass eigenstates and one ( mostly ) sterile state with mass around the keV , possibly providing a dark matter candidate , and accounting for the recently observed and still unidentified monochromatic 3.5 keV line in galaxy cluster spectra .	We consider the possibility of simultaneously addressing the dark matter problem and neutrino mass generation in the minimal inverse seesaw realisation .	The conventional production mechanism through oscillation from active neutrinos can account only for $ \sim 43\ % $ of the observed relic density .	This can be slightly increased to $ \sim 48\ % $ when including effects of entropy injection from the decay of light ( with mass below 20 GeV ) pseudo-Dirac neutrinos .	The correct relic density can be achieved through freeze-in from the decay of heavy ( above the Higgs mass ) pseudo-Dirac neutrinos .
+3	All the deviations between the calculated logarithmic half-lives and the experimental values are less than 0.8 .	Proton radioactivity has been investigated using the effective liquid drop model with varying mass asymmetry shape and effective inertial coefficient .	An effective nuclear radius constant formula replaces the old empirical one in the calculations .	The theoretical half-lives are in good agreement with the available experimental data .	The root-mean-square deviation is 0.523 .
+0	Precision spectroscopy on cold molecules can potentially enable novel tests of fundamental laws of physics and alternative determination of some fundamental constants .	Realizing this potential requires a thorough understanding of the systematic effects that shift the energy levels of molecules .	We have performed a complete ab initio calculation of the magnetic field effects for a particular system , the heteronuclear molecular hydrogen ion HD+ .	Different spectroscopic schemes have been considered , and numerous transitions , all accessible by modern radiation sources and exhibiting well controllable or negligible Zeeman shift , have been found to exist .	Thus , HD+ is a perspective candidate for determination of the ratio of electron-to-nuclear reduced mass , and for tests of its time-independence .
+2	What kind of the field helicity one can expect to see when the electromagnetic-field symmetry is broken ?	The dual symmetry between the electric and magnetic fields underlies Maxwell 's electrodynamics .	Due to this symmetry one can describe topological properties of an electromagnetic field in free space and obtain the conservation law of optical ( electromagnetic ) helicity .	The near fields originated from small ferrite particles with magnetic dipolar mode ( MDM ) oscillations are the fields with the electric and magnetic components , but with broken dual ( electric-magnetic ) symmetry .	These fields , called magnetoelectric ( ME ) fields , have topological properties different from such properties of electromagnetic fields .
+1	This evidence includes the spectrum and angular distribution of gamma rays from the Galactic Center , the synchrotron emission from the Milky Way 's radio filaments , the diffuse synchrotron emission from the Inner Galaxy ( the `` WMAP Haze '' ) and low-energy signals from the direct detection experiments DAMA/LIBRA , CoGeNT and CRESST-II .	In this article , I summarize and discuss the body of evidence which has accumulated in favor of dark matter in the form of approximately 10 GeV particles .	This collection of observations can be explained by a relatively light dark matter particle with an annihilation cross section consistent with that predicted for a simple thermal relic ( sigma v ~ 10^-26 cm^3/s ) and with a distribution in the halo of the Milky Way consistent with that predicted from simulations .	Astrophysical explanations for the gamma ray and synchrotron signals , in contrast , have not been successful in accommodating these observations .	Similarly , the phase of the annual modulation observed by DAMA/LIBRA ( and now supported by CoGeNT ) is inconsistent with all known or postulated modulating backgrounds , but are in good agreement with expectations for dark matter scattering .
+3	We present evidence that the orientations of neighboring molecules are uncorrelated .	We have investigated sodium containing fullerene superconductors Na2AC60 , A = Cs , Rb , and K , by Na-23 nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy at 7.5 T in the temperature range of 10 to 400 K. Despite the structural differences from the Rb3C60 class of fullerene superconductors , in these compounds the NMR line of the tetrahedrally coordinated alkali nuclei also splits into two lines ( T and T ' ) at low temperature .	In Na2CsC60 the splitting occurs at 170 K ; in the quenched cubic phase of Na2RbC60 and Na2KC60 we observe split lines at 80 K. Detailed investigations of the spectrum , spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation as well as spin-echo double resonance ( SEDOR ) in Na2CsC60 we show that these two different tetrahedral sites are mixed on a microscopic scale .	The T and T ' sites differ in the orientation of first-neighbor C60 molecules .	Thermally activated molecular reorientations cause an exchange between the T and T ' sites and motional narrowing at high temperature .
+2	This equation of state was proposed recently by Ouyed and Butler .	As it is well known for stiff equations of state an existence of neutron stars with masses $ \ga 2 M_ { \sun } $ is possible .	Especially interesting possibility is opened if the equation of state based on the Skyrme theory is realized in nature .	We discuss different channels of formation of massive rapidly rotating neutron stars .	We use a population synthesis code to estimate numbers of massive neutron stars on different evolutionary stages .
+4	With this mechanism , cues from different scales are fused .	A novel representation of images for image retrieval is introduced in this paper , by using a new type of feature with remarkable discriminative power .	Despite the multi-scale nature of objects , most existing models perform feature extraction on a fixed scale , which will inevitably degrade the performance of the whole system .	Motivated by this , we introduce a hierarchical sparse coding architecture for image retrieval to explore multi-scale cues .	Sparse codes extracted on lower layers are transmitted to higher layers recursively .
+3	In presentation ( a ) , the orbits of leaves are parametrized by a subset of the Weyl group S_ { m+n } , such that inclusions of Zariski closures correspond to the Bruhat order .	The standard Poisson structure on the rectangular matrix variety M_ { m , n } ( C ) is investigated , via the orbits of symplectic leaves under the action of the maximal torus T of GL_ { m+n } ( C ) .	These orbits , finite in number , are shown to be smooth irreducible locally closed subvarieties of M_ { m , n } ( C ) , isomorphic to intersections of dual Schubert cells in the full flag variety of GL_ { m+n } ( C ) .	Three different presentations of the T-orbits of symplectic leaves in M_ { m , n } ( C ) are obtained - ( a ) as pullbacks of Bruhat cells in GL_ { m+n } ( C ) under a particular map ; ( b ) in terms of rank conditions on rectangular submatrices ; and ( c ) as matrix products of sets similar to double Bruhat cells in GL_m ( C ) and GL_n ( C ) .	Presentation ( b ) allows explicit calculations of orbits .
+0	Social Internet content plays an increasingly critical role in many domains , including public health , disaster management , and politics .	However , its utility is limited by missing geographic information ; for example , fewer than 1.6 % of Twitter messages ( tweets ) contain a geotag .	We propose a scalable , content-based approach to estimate the location of tweets using a novel yet simple variant of gaussian mixture models .	Further , because real-world applications depend on quantified uncertainty for such estimates , we propose novel metrics of accuracy , precision , and calibration , and we evaluate our approach accordingly .	Experiments on 13 million global , comprehensively multi-lingual tweets show that our approach yields reliable , well-calibrated results competitive with previous computationally intensive methods .
+2	Here we study the effects of motor generated forces on the mechanics of simulated 2D networks of athermal stiff filaments .	Reconstituted filamentous actin networks with myosin motor proteins form active gels , in which motor proteins generate forces that drive the network far from equilibrium .	This motor activity can also strongly affect the network elasticity ; experiments have shown a dramatic stiffening in in vitro networks with molecular motors .	We show how heterogeneous internal motor stresses can lead to stiffening in networks that are governed by filament bending modes .	The motors are modeled as force dipoles that cause muscle like contractions .
+3	We also utilize and benefit from the optical losses in metals in our optical filter designs .	Plasmonic materials and metamaterials have been widely utilized to achieve spectral transmission , reflection and absorption filters based on localized or delocalized resonances arising from the interaction of photons with nanostructured materials .	Realization of visible-frequency , high-performance , large-area , optical filters based on nanoplasmonic materials is rather challenging due to nanofabrication related problems ( cost , fabrication imperfection , surface roughness ) and optical losses of metals .	Here , we propose and demonstrate large-area perfect absorbers and transmission filters that overcome difficulties associated with the nanofabrication using a lithography-free approach .	Our resonant optical filter design is based on a modified , asymmetric metal-insulator-metal ( MIM ) based Fabry-Perot cavity with plasmonic , lossy ultra-thin ( ~30 nm ) metallic films used as the top metallic layer .
+0	The thermal discrete dipole approximation ( T-DDA ) is a numerical approach for modeling near-field radiative heat transfer in complex three-dimensional geometries .	In this work , the convergence of the T-DDA is investigated by comparison against the exact results for two spheres separated by a vacuum gap .	The error associated with the T-DDA is reported for various sphere sizes , refractive indices and vacuum gap thicknesses .	The results reveal that for a fixed number of subvolumes , the accuracy of the T-DDA degrades as the refractive index and the sphere diameter to gap ratio increase .	A converging trend is observed as the number of subvolumes increases .
+4	The conditions under which the covariant Schwinger-DeWitt and the non-covariant , mode-by-mode analysis of quantum amplitudes agree are described .	Asymptotic expansions were first introduced by Henri Poincare in 1886 .	This paper describes their application to the semi-classical evaluation of amplitudes in quantum field theory with boundaries .	By using zeta-function regularization , the conformal anomaly for a massless spin- $ { 1\over 2 } $ field in flat Euclidean backgrounds with boundary is obtained on imposing locally supersymmetric boundary conditions .	The quantization program for gauge fields and gravitation in the presence of boundaries is then introduced by focusing on conformal anomalies for higher-spin fields .
+2	This family of solutions contains an interesting class of pure Lovelock black holes which are the Nth order Lovelock { \Lambda } -vacuum solu- tions having the remarkable property that their thermodynamical parameters have the universal character in terms of the event horizon radius .	We consider static spherically symmetric Lovelock black holes and generalize the dimensionally continued black holes in such a way that they asymptotically for large r go over to the d-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole in dS/AdS spacetime .	This means that the master algebraic polynomial is not degenerate but instead its derivative is degenerate .	This is in fact a characterizing property of pure Lovelock theories .	We also demonstrate the universality of the asymptotic Einstein limit for the Lovelock black holes in general .
+0	The quantum mechanical description of the evolution of an unstable system defined initially as a state in a Hilbert space at a given time does not provide a semigroup ( exponential ) decay law .	The Wigner-Weisskopf survival amplitude , describing reversible quantum transitions , may be dominated by exponential type decay in pole approximation at times not too short or too long , but , in the two channel case , for example , the pole residues are not orthogonal , and the evolution does not correspond to a semigroup ( experiments on the decay of the neutral $ K $ -meson system strongly support the semigroup evolution postulated by Lee , Oehme and Yang , and Yang and Wu ) .	The scattering theory of Lax and Phillips , originally developed for classical wave equations , has been recently extended to the description of the evolution of resonant states in the framework of quantum theory .	The resulting evolution law of the unstable system is that of a semigroup , and the resonant state is a well-defined function in the Lax-Phillips Hilbert space .	In this paper we apply this theory to a relativistically covariant quantum field theoretical form of the ( soluble ) Lee model .
+3	Although the b antighost in these backgrounds is not holomorphic , its antiholomorphic derivative is BRST-trivial .	In the pure spinor formalism for the superstring , the b antighost is necessary for multiloop amplitude computations and is a composite operator constructed to satisfy { Q , b } =T where Q is the BRST operator and T is the holomorphic stress-tensor .	In superstring backgrounds with only NS-NS fields turned on , or in flat space , one needs to introduce `` non-minimal '' variables in order to construct the b antighost .	However , in Type II backgrounds where the Ramond-Ramond bispinor field-strength satisfies certain conditions , the b antighost can be constructed without the non-minimal variables .	We discuss the properties of this operator both in the AdS_5 x S^5 background and in a generic curved background .
+1	In this paper , we realize controllable splitting and modulation of single-photon-level pulses by using a tripod-type atomic medium .	Coherent manipulation of single-photon wave packets is essentially important for optical quantum communication and quantum information processing .	The adoption of two control beams enable us to store one signal pulse into superposition of two distinct atomic collective excitations .	By controlling the time delay between the two control pulses , we observe splitting of a stored wave packet into two temporally-distinct modes .	By controlling the frequency detuning of the control beams , we observe both temporal and frequency-domain interference of the retrieval signal pulses , which provides a method for pulse modulation and multi-splitting of the signal photons .
+2	Often the Schr\ '' odinger equation is dependent on some parameter and one is interested in following the path of the resonances in the complex energy plane as the parameter changes .	Resonant solutions of the quantum Schr\ '' odinger equation occur at complex energies where the S-matrix becomes singular .	Knowledge of such resonances is important in the study of the underlying physical system .	This is particularly true in coupled channel systems where the resonant behavior is highly dependent on the strength of the channel coupling , the energy separation of the channels and other factors .	In previous work it was shown that numerical continuation , a technique familiar in the study of dynamical systems , can be brought to bear on the problem of following the resonance path in one dimensional problems and multi-channel problems without energy separation between the channels .
+2	We spectroscopically confirm 68 galaxy cluster members , with redshift values ranging from 0.5272 to 0.5660 , and 18 multiple images belonging to 7 background , lensed sources distributed in redshifts between 1.240 and 3.703 .	We present MUSE observations in the core of the HFF galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 , where the first magnified and spatially-resolved multiple images of SN 'Refsdal ' at redshift 1.489 were detected .	Thanks to a DDT program with the VLT and the extraordinary efficiency of MUSE , we measure 117 secure redshifts with just 4.8 hours of total integration time on a single target pointing .	Starting from the combination of our catalog with those obtained from extensive spectroscopic and photometric campaigns using the HST , we select a sample of 300 ( 164 spectroscopic and 136 photometric ) cluster members , within approximately 500 kpc from the BCG , and a set of 88 reliable multiple images associated to 10 different background source galaxies and 18 distinct knots in the spiral galaxy hosting SN 'Refsdal ' .	We exploit this valuable information to build 6 detailed strong lensing models , the best of which reproduces the observed positions of the multiple images with a rms offset of only 0.26 '' .
+3	Namely , it is shown that some MDPs have policies that can only be represented in space super-polynomial in the size of the MDP , unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses .	Policies of Markov Decision Processes ( MDPs ) determine the next action to execute from the current state and , possibly , the history ( the past states ) .	When the number of states is large , succinct representations are often used to compactly represent both the MDPs and the policies in a reduced amount of space .	In this paper , some problems related to the size of succinctly represented policies are analyzed .	This fact motivates the study of the problem of deciding whether a given MDP has a policy of a given size and reward .
+3	These will be tested in the next generation experiments .	We investigate the prediction on the lepton phases in theories with a non trivial correlation between quark ( CKM ) and lepton ( PMNS ) mixing matrices .	We show that the actual evidence , under the only assumption that the correlation matrix $ V^M $ product of $ CKM $ and $ PMNS $ has a zero in the entry $ ( 1,3 ) $ , gives us a prediction for the three CP-violating invariants $ J $ , $ S_1 $ , and $ S_2 $ .	A better determination of the lepton mixing angles will give a strong prediction of the CP-violating invariants in the lepton sector .	To clarify how our prediction works , we show how a model based on a Grand Unified Theory and the permutation flavor symmetry $ S_3 $ predicts $ V^M_ { 13 } =0 $ .
+2	Indeed , in view of the deterministic nature of the Navier-Stokes equations , it is clear that the operation of averaging out the high-wavenumber modes while keeping the low-wavenumber modes constant , can not be done rigorously and in itself can only be an approximation .	Renormalization group has enjoyed successes in other areas of statistical physics .	However , its application to turbulence faces several technical difficulties , which have had to be circumvented by uncontrolled approximations .	With points like this in mind , we have recently adopted direct numerical simulation as a tool for probing the basic feasibility of using RG techniques to reduce the number of degrees of freedom requiring to be numerically simulated .	In this paper , we present some of the first results of this approach .
+3	Indeed , only two such rare objects with clear evidence for having gone through of a previous mass losing phase are known , IRC +10420 and HD 179821 .	The yellow hypergiants are found in a stage between the massive Red Supergiants and the Wolf-Rayet stars .	This review addresses current issues concerning the evolution of massive stars , concentrating on the transitional post-Red Supergiant phase .	Few yellow hypergiants are known and even fewer show direct evidence for having evolved off the Red Supergiant branch .	We will review their properties and present recent results employing near-infrared interferometry , integral field spectroscopy and polarimetry .
+0	In previous work we have developed a general method for casting a classical field theory subject to Gaussian noise ( that is , a stochastic partial differential equation -- SPDE ) into a functional integral formalism that exhibits many of the properties more commonly associated with quantum field theories ( QFTs ) .	In particular , we demonstrated how to derive the one-loop effective potential .	In this paper we apply the formalism to a specific field theory of considerable interest , the massless KPZ equation ( massless noisy vorticity-free Burgers equation ) , and analyze its behaviour in the ultraviolet ( short-distance ) regime .	When this field theory is subject to white noise we can calculate the one-loop effective potential and show that it is one-loop ultraviolet renormalizable in 1 , 2 , and 3 space dimensions , and fails to be ultraviolet renormalizable in higher dimensions .	We show that the one-loop effective potential for the massless KPZ equation is closely related to that for lambda phi^4 QFT .
+1	In this article we focus on second order SPDEs of the Allen-Cahn type .	We delve deeper into the study of semimartingale attractors that we recently introduced in Allouba and Langa \cite { AL0 } .	After proving existence , uniqueness , and detailed regularity results for our SPDEs and a corresponding random PDE of Allen-Cahn type , we prove the existence of semimartingale global attractors for these equations .	We also give some results on the finite dimensional asymptotic behavior of the solutions .	In particular , we show the finite fractal dimension of this random attractor and give a result on determining modes , both in the forward and the pullback sense .
+2	Next , we provide a bound on the performance achievable using any specific sampling approach .	In this paper , we consider the problem of estimating finite rate of innovation ( FRI ) signals from noisy measurements , and specifically analyze the interaction between FRI techniques and the underlying sampling methods .	We first obtain a fundamental limit on the estimation accuracy attainable regardless of the sampling method .	Essential differences between the noisy and noise-free cases arise from this analysis .	In particular , we identify settings in which noise-free recovery techniques deteriorate substantially under slight noise levels , thus quantifying the numerical instability inherent in such methods .
+4	Using this process the pion polarizability is extracted from the measured cross-section shape .	The value of the pion polarizability is predicted with high precision by Chiral Perturbation Theory .	However , the existing experimental values are at tension with this prediction as well as among themselves .	The COMPASS experiment at the CERN SPS accesses pion-photon reactions via the Primakoff effect , where high-energetic pions react with the quasi-real photon field surrounding the target nuclei .	Flagship channel is the Primakoff reaction in which a single real photon is produced , giving access to pion Compton scattering .
+3	In the limit of very slow diffusion , a nearly static intrusion of dense fluid may extend a finite distance upstream , balanced by the pressure gradient associated with the oncoming background flow .	We investigate the long time steady-state dissolution of CO $ _ { 2 } $ in a deep saline aqquifer in the presence of a background hydrological flow .	In steady-state , the distribution of CO $ _2 $ in the groundwater upstream of the aquifer involves a balance between three competing effects : ( i ) the buoyancy-driven flow of CO $ _2 $ saturated water ; ( ii ) the diffusion of CO $ _2 $ from saturated to under-saturated water ; and ( iii ) the advection associated with the oncoming background flow .	This leads to three limiting regimes .	In the limit of fast diffusion relative to the flow , a gradient zone may become established in which the along aquifer diffusive flux balances the advection associated with the background flow .
+3	These values are higher than all currently known threshold values for prepare-and-measure protocols .	We propose a prepare-and-measure scheme for quantum key distribution with 2-bit quantum codes .	The protocol is unconditionally secure under whatever type of intercept-and-resend attack .	Given the symmetric and independent errors to the transmitted qubits , our scheme can tolerate a bit error rate up to 26 % in 4-state protocol and 30 % in 6-state protocol , respectively .	A specific realization with linear optics is given .
+1	metrizable ] space $ Y $ we construct a positive linear extension operator $ T : R^ { X\times X } \to R^ { Y\times Y } $ preserving constant functions , bounded functions , continuous functions , pseudometrics , metrics , [ resp .	For every closed subset $ X $ of a stratifiable [ resp .	dominating metrics , and admissible metrics ] .	This operator is continuous with respect to each of the three topologies : point-wise convergence , uniform , and compact-open .	An equivariant analog of the above statement is proved as well .
+3	We present InAs plasmonic disk arrays as a viable resonant metamaterial at terahertz frequencies .	The development of responsive metamaterials has enabled the realization of compact tunable photonic devices capable of manipulating the amplitude , polarization , wave vector , and frequency of light .	Integration of semiconductors into the active regions of metallic resonators is a proven approach for creating nonlinear metamaterials through optoelectronic control of the semiconductor carrier density .	Metal-free subwavelength resonant semiconductor structures offer an alternative approach to create dynamic metamaterials .	Importantly , InAs plasmonic disks exhibit a strong nonlinear response arising from electric field induced intervalley scattering resulting in a reduced carrier mobility thereby damping the plasmonic response .
+1	The method is employed is derive expressions for the distribution of waiting times between reaction events and the moments of this distribution .	A previously described pathway analysis technique is applied to generic schemes of enzyme kinetics .	Analytical expressions for the Poisson indicator , a normalized measure of the variance that characterizes the correlation between consecutive events , are derived from the moments of the waiting time .	Various important cases are treated with our methodology , including enzymatic reactions in the presence of a competitive inhibitor and in the presence of multiple substrates .	The functional dependence of the Poisson indicator on substrate concentration is explored , and connections are made between the derived expressions and the topology of the enzymatic reaction .
+1	It is shown that the commonly used measures of degree , closeness and eigenvector centrality are stable whereas betweenness centrality is not .	This paper presents a formal definition of stability for node centrality measures in weighted graphs .	An alternative definition of the latter that preserves the same centrality notion while satisfying the stability criteria is introduced .	Continuity is presented as a less stringent alternative to stability .	Betweenness centrality is shown to be not only unstable but discontinuous .
+4	However , the two gases follow very similar trends with changes in the attached functional group , despite different molecular symmetries .	With a view towards optimizing gas storage and separation in crystalline and disordered nanoporous carbon-based materials , we use ab initio density functional theory calculations to explore the effect of chemical functionalization on gas binding to exposed edges within model carbon nanostructures .	We test the geometry , energetics , and charge distribution of in-plane and out-of-plane binding of CO2 and CH4 to model zigzag graphene nanoribbons edge-functionalized with COOH , OH , NH2 , H2PO3 , NO2 , and CH3 .	Although different choices for the exchange-correlation functional lead to a spread of values for the binding energy , trends across the functional groups are largely preserved for each choice , as are the final orientations of the adsorbed gas molecules .	We find binding of CO2 to exceed that of CH4 by roughly a factor of two .
+3	Models with more than 5 % quintessence before last scattering require a spectral index greater than 1 .	The CMB data recently released by BOOMERANG and MAXIMA suggest that the anisotropy spectrum has a third peak in the range 800 & lt ; l_3 & lt ; 900 .	A combination of this result with constraints from large-scale structure permit us to differentiate between different quintessence models .	In particular , we find that inverse power law models with power \alpha & gt ; 1 are disfavoured .	These constraints are compared with supernovae observations .
+4	Peak compression is obtained when the two shocks collide in the mid-plane .	Plasma densification through magnetic compression has been suggested for time-resolved control of the wave properties in plasma-based accelerators .	Using particle in cell simulations with real mass ratio , the practicality of large magnetic compression on timescales shorter than the ion gyro-period is investigated .	For compression times shorter than the transit time of a compressional Alfven wave across the plasma slab , results show the formation of two counter-propagating shock waves , leading to a highly non-uniform plasma density profile .	Furthermore , the plasma slab displays large hydromagnetic like oscillations after the driving field has reached steady state .
+4	The reverse is true in the type-II model , the limits from measurements of the couplings of the h will dominate over the limits from non-observation of the heavy Higgs .	The simplest extension of the Two Higgs Doublet Model is the addition of a real scalar singlet , S. The effects of mixing between the singlet and the doublets can be manifested in two ways .	It can modify the couplings of the 126 GeV Higgs boson , h , and it can lead to direct detection of the heavy Higgs at the LHC .	In this paper , we show that in the type-I model , for heavy Higgs masses in the 200-600 GeV range , the latter effect will be detected earlier than the former for most of parameter space .	Should no such Higgs be discovered in this mass range , then the upper limit on the mixing will be sufficiently strong such that there will be no significant effects on the couplings of the h for most of parameter space .
+2	These conditions relate the intrinsic dimension to the ambient dimension and to the sample size .	We address the issue of variable selection in the regression model with very high ambient dimension , that is , when the number of variables is very large .	The main focus is on the situation where the number of relevant variables , called intrinsic dimension , is much smaller than the ambient dimension d. Without assuming any parametric form of the underlying regression function , we get tight conditions making it possible to consistently estimate the set of relevant variables .	The procedure that is provably consistent under these tight conditions is based on comparing quadratic functionals of the empirical Fourier coefficients with appropriately chosen threshold values .	The asymptotic analysis reveals the presence of two quite different re gimes .
+3	We analyze spectrum of boson fields and two-point correlators in QCB .	Quantum wire networks ( `` quantum crossbars '' , QCB ) represent a 2D grid formed by superimposed crossing arrays of parallel conducting quantum wires , molecular chains or metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes .	QCB coupled only by capacitive interaction in the crosses have similar low-energy , long-wave properties characterized as a crossed sliding Luttinger liquid ( CSLL ) phase .	In this Thesis we develop a theory of interacting Bose excitations ( plasmons ) in QCB .	We show that the standard bosonization procedure is valid , and the system behaves as a CSLL in the infrared limit , but the high frequency spectral and correlation characteristics have either 1D or 2D nature depending on the direction of the wave vector in the 2D BZ of reciprocal lattice .
+2	We present an improved procedure to transform the MQDT reference functions so that the poles are removed from the energy range of interest .	We show that multichannel quantum defect theory ( MQDT ) can be applied successfully as an efficient computational method for cold molecular collisions in Li+NH , which has a deep and strongly anisotropic interaction potential .	In this strongly coupled system , closed-channel poles restrict the range over which the MQDT Y matrix can be interpolated .	Effects due to very long-range spin-dipolar couplings are outside the scope of MQDT , but can be added perturbatively .	The new procedure makes it possible to calculate the elastic and inelastic cross sections needed to evaluate the feasibility of sympathetic cooling of NH by Li using coupled-channel calculations at only 5 combinations of energy and field .
+1	In such environments , which arise in many real-world settings , the participants act as both economic and computational entities .	We use ideas from distributed computing and game theory to study dynamic and decentralized environments in which computational nodes , or decision makers , interact strategically and with limited information .	We exhibit a general non-convergence result for a broad class of dynamics in asynchronous settings .	We consider implications of our result across a wide variety of interesting and timely applications : circuit design , social networks , Internet routing , and congestion control .	We also study the computational and communication complexity of testing the convergence of asynchronous dynamics , as well as the effects of limited asynchrony .
+4	In all cases the first compTB describes the dominant part of the spectrum that we interpret as thermal Comptonization of soft seed photons ( & lt ; 1 keV ) , likely from the accretion disk , by a 3-5 keV corona .	The aim of this work is to investigate in a physical and quantitative way the spectral evolution of bright Neutron Star Low-Mass X-ray Binaries ( NS LMXBs ) , with special regard to the transient hard X-ray tails .	We analyzed INTEGRAL data for five sources ( GX 5-1 , GX 349+2 , GX 13+1 , GX 3+1 , GX 9+1 ) and built broad-band X-ray spectra from JEM-X1 and IBIS/ISGRI data .	For each source , X-ray spectra from different states were fitted with the recently proposed model compTB .	The spectra have been fit with a two-compTB model .
+0	A major goal of many spectroscopic techniques is to provide comprehensive information on the local chemical environment .	Electron transfer mediated decay ( ETMD ) is a sensitive probe of the environment since it is actively involved in this non-local radiationless decay process through electron and energy transfer steps .	We report the first experimental observation of ETMD in the liquid phase .	Using liquid-jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we explore LiCl aqueous solution , and detect low-energy electrons unambiguously emerging from the ETMD processes of core-ionized Li+ .	We interpret the experimental results with molecular dynamics and high-level ab initio calculations .
+4	Our results show that the exoplanets are brighter and have shallower spectral slopes than equivalent temperature brown dwarfs in a wavelength range that contains the methane fundamental absorption feature ( spanned by the narrowband filters and encompassed by the broader 3.3 $ \mu $ m filter ) .	Gas-giant planets emit a large fraction of their light in the mid-infrared ( $ \gtrsim $ 3 $ \mu $ m ) , where photometry and spectroscopy are critical to our understanding of the bulk properties of extrasolar planets .	Of particular importance are the L and M-band atmospheric windows ( 3-5 $ \mu $ m ) , which are the longest wavelengths currently accessible to ground-based , high-contrast imagers .	We present binocular LBT AO images of the HR 8799 planetary system in six narrow-band filters from 3-4 $ \mu $ m , and a Magellan AO image of the 2M1207 planetary system in a broader 3.3 $ \mu $ m band .	These systems encompass the five known exoplanets with luminosities consistent with L $ \rightarrow $ T transition brown dwarfs .
+0	When an isolated quantum system is driven out of equilibrium , expectation values of general observables start oscillating in time .	This article reviews the general theory of such temporal fluctuations .	We first survey some results on the strength of such temporal fluctuations .	For example temporal fluctuations are exponentially small in the system 's volume for generic systems whereas they fall-off algebraically in integrable systems .	We then concentrate on the the so-called quench scenario where the system is driven out-of-equilibrium under the application of a sudden perturbation .
+0	We report a discovery of superconductivity with Tc = 5.5 K in Nb2PdxSe5 , in which one-dimensional ( 1D ) Nb-Se chains existing along the b-direction hybridize each other to form the conducting b-c* plane .	The magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data in both single- and poly-crystals show evidence of bulk superconductivity .	The resistivity , Hall coefficient , and magneto-resistance data all indicate the presence of an energy scale T* = ~ 50 K , which becomes systematically lowered under hydrostatic pressure and competes with the stabilization of superconductivity .	Combined with the band calculation results showing the Fermi surfaces with 1D character , we postulate that the energy scale T* is related to a formation of a density wave or a stabilization of low dimensional electronic structure .	The zero temperature upper critical field , Hc2 ( 0 ) , of the single crystal is found to be 10.5 , 35 and 22 T in the a ' , b and c*-directions , respectively .
+3	LongBo is equipped with preamplifiers mounted on the detector in the liquid argon .	In this paper , we report on the design and operation of the LongBo time projection chamber in the Liquid Argon Purity Demonstrator cryostat .	This chamber features a 2 m long drift distance .	We measure the electron drift lifetime in the liquid argon using cosmic ray muons and the lifetime is at least 14 ms at 95\ % confidence level .	Of the 144 channels , 128 channels were readout by preamplifiers made with discrete circuitry and 16 channels were readout by ASIC preamplifiers .
+3	Symmetry reduction , with respect to groups that are not neces- sarily compact or even reductive , is carried out by way of Poisson varieties and Hilbert maps .	We study the motion of a particle in the hyperbolic plane ( embedded in Minkowski space ) , under the action of a potential that depends only on one variable .	This problem is the analogous to the spherical pendulum in a unidirectional force field .	However , for the discussion of the hyperbolic plane one has to distinguish three inequivalent cases , depending on the direction of the force field .	For each case the dynamics is discussed , with special attention to linear potentials .
+1	The source shows an evident long term variability , over which well known short term variations are superposed .	We present the historic light curve of the BL Lac object S5 0716+714 , spanning the time interval from 1953 to 2003 , built using Asiago archive plates and our recent CCD observations , together with literature data .	In particular , in the period from 1961 to 1983 the mean brightness of S5 0716+714 remained significantly fainter than that observed after 1994 .	Assuming a constant variation rate of the mean magnitude we can estimate a value of about 0.11 magnitude/year .	The simultaneous occurrence of decreasing ejection velocities of superluminal moving components in the jet reported by Bach et al .
+4	Additionally , { \it ab initio } electronic structure calculations reveal that characteristic features in these diffuse scattering patterns can be correlated with the Fermi surface topology .	Magnetite , Fe $ _3 $ O $ _4 $ , is the first magnetic material discovered and utilized by mankind in Ancient Greece , yet it still attracts attention due to its puzzling properties .	This is largely due to the quest for a full and coherent understanding of the Verwey transition that occurs at $ T_V=124 $ K and is associated with a drop of electric conductivity and a complex structural phase transition .	A recent detailed analysis of the structure , based on single crystal diffraction , suggests that the electron localization pattern contains linear three-Fe-site units , the so-called trimerons .	Here we show that whatever the electron localization pattern is , it partially survives up to room temperature as short-range correlations in the high-temperature cubic phase , easily discernible by diffuse scattering .
+2	The abundance ratios between these processes and neutron exposures were studied .	Barium stars show enhanced abundances of the slow neutron capture ( s-process ) heavy elements , and for this reason they are suitable objects for the study of s-process elements .	The aim of this work is to quantify the contributions of the s- , r- and p-processes for the total abundance of heavy elements from abundances derived for a sample of 26 barium stars .	The abundances of the sample stars were compared to those of normal stars thus identifying the fraction relative to the s-process main component .	The fittings of the sigmaN curves ( neutron capture cross section times abundance , plotted against atomic mass number ) for the sample stars suggest that the material from the companion asymptotic giant branch star had approximately the solar isotopic composition as concerns fractions of abundances relative to the s-process main component .
+2	We combine the lensed galaxies with a sample of sixty star-forming galaxies from the literature in the same redshift range for which measurements of [ N II ] /Ha have been published .	We present multi-wavelength imaging and near-IR spectroscopy for ten gravitationally lensed galaxies at 0.9 & lt ; z & lt ; 2.5 selected from a new , large sample of strong lens systems in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) DR7 .	We derive stellar masses from the rest-frame UV to near-IR spectral energy distributions , star formation rates ( SFR ) from the dust-corrected Ha flux , and metallicities from the [ N II ] /Ha flux ratio .	Due to the lensing magnification , the lensed galaxies probe intrinsic stellar masses that are on average a factor of 11 lower than have been studied so far at these redshifts .	They have specific star formation rates that are an order of magnitude higher than seen for main-sequence star-forming galaxies at z~2 .
+4	Thus simultaneous resolutions to these problems are closely linked with the near flatness condition of our universe without any intermediate hierarchical scale for the moduli .	A generalized Randall sundrum model in six dimensional bulk is studied in presence of non-flat 3-branes at the orbifold fixed points .	The warp factors for this model is determined in terms of multiple moduli and brane cosmological constant .	We show that the requirements of a vanishingly small cosmological constant on the visible brane along with non-hierarchical moduli , each with scale close to Planck length , lead to a scenario where the 3-branes can not have any intermediate scale and have energy scales either close to Tev or close to Planck scale .	Such a scenario can address both the gauge hierarchy as well as fermion mass hierarchy problem in standard model .
+3	Nevertheless , investigations of the surface transport properties of this material are limited due to the lack of bulk insulating characteristics .	The surfaces of three-dimensional topological insulators ( TIs ) characterized by a spin-helical Dirac fermion provide a fertile ground for realizing exotic phenomena as well as having potential for wide-ranging applications .	To realize most of their special properties , the Dirac point ( DP ) is required to be located near the Fermi energy with a bulk insulating property while it is hardly achieved in most of the discovered TIs .	It has been recently found that TlBiSe2 features an in-gap DP , where upper and lower parts of surface Dirac cone are both utilized .	Here , we present the first realization of bulk insulating property by tuning the composition of Tl1-xBi1+xSe2-d without introducing guest atoms that can bring the novel properties into the reality .
+0	The Euler equation has been accepted as the basic postulate of stellar physics long before the plasma physics was developed .	The existence of electrical interaction between particles of interstellar plasma poses the question , how this interaction must be accounted for .	We argue that the right way is in formulation of a new postulate .	On the base of the new postulate , the theory of a hot star interior is developed .	Using this theory we obtain the distribution of stars over their masses and mass-radius , mass-temperature and mass-luminosity dependencies .
+0	We report on the detection of a rapidly variable narrow Fe K $ \alpha $ line in Mkn 841 .	The source has been observed two times by XMM-Newton and simultaneously with BeppoSAX .	The two observations , of about 10ks long each , were separated by $ \sim $ 15 hours .	The line flux reaches a maximum during the first observation and is significantly reduced in the second one .	The continuum shape and flux , instead , keep roughly constant between the two pointings .
+3	Fernandez , Int.J . Theo.Phys .	We present a complete analysis on energy and wave function of Harmonic oscillator with simultaneous non-hermitian transformation of co-ordinate ( $ ( x \rightarrow \frac { ( x+ i\lambda p ) } { \sqrt { ( 1+\beta \lambda ) } } $ and momentum $ ( p \rightarrow \frac { ( p+ i\beta x ) } { \sqrt { ( 1+\beta \lambda ) } } $ for getting energy eigenvalue using perturbation theory under iso-spectral condition .	Further we notice that two different frequency of oscillation ( $ w_ { 1 } , w_ { 2 } $ ) correspond to same energy eigenvalue , which can also be verified using Lie algebraic approach [ Zhang et.al J.Math.Phys 56 ,072103 ( 2015 ) ] .	Interestingly wave function analysis using similarity transformation [ F.M .	( 2015 ) ( in Press ) ] refers to a very special case .
+1	Since the gluons , at scales of the order of 1 $ fm $ , can be considered as classical fields , we suppose that the gauge fields ( $ A_\mu^a $ ) of this theory are the gluonic fields and then it is possible to consider the Quantum Chromodynamics in a classical regime .	We study the equations of motion of the SU ( 3 ) Yang-Mills theory .	For the case in which the condition $ [ A_\mu^a , A_\rho^a ] =0 $ is satisfied , we show that the abelian equations of motion of the Classical Chromodynamics ( CCD ) have the same form as those of the classical electrodynamics without sources .	Additionally , we obtain the non-abelian Maxwell equations for the CCD with sources .	We observe that there exist electric and magnetic colour fields whose origin is not fermionic .
+3	In our strongly coupled setting , all probes in all dimensions share certain universal features in their thermalization : ( 1 ) a slight delay in the onset of thermalization , ( 2 ) an apparent non-analyticity at the endpoint of thermalization , ( 3 ) top-down thermalization where the UV thermalizes first .	Using the AdS/CFT correspondence , we probe the scale-dependence of thermalization in strongly coupled field theories following a quench , via calculations of two-point functions , Wilson loops and entanglement entropy in d=2,3,4 .	In the saddlepoint approximation these probes are computed in AdS space in terms of invariant geometric objects - geodesics , minimal surfaces and minimal volumes .	Our calculations for two-dimensional field theories are analytical .	For homogeneous initial conditions the entanglement entropy thermalizes slowest , and sets a timescale for equilibration that saturates a causality bound over the range of scales studied .
+3	Accordingly , the friction below Tc is larger when the order parameter orientation is such that flips are more effectively triggered by the slider .	The effects of a displacive structural phase transition on sliding friction are in principle accessible to nanoscale tools such as the Atomic Force Microscopy , yet they are still surprisingly unexplored .	We present model simulations demonstrating and clarifying the mechanism and potential impact of these effects .	A structural order parameter inside the material will yield a contribution to stick-slip friction that is nonmonotonic as temperature crosses the phase transition , peaking at the critical Tc where critical fluctuations are strongest , and the sliding-induced order parameter local flips from one value to another more numerous .	The observability of these effects and their use for friction control are discussed , for future application to sliding on the surface of and ferro- or antiferro-distortive materials .
+3	The predictions of our calculations have been tested against available experimental results in more than sixty organic molecules , including benzene and its derivatives , polyacenes , aromatic hydrocarbons of various geometries , polyenes , ketones , aldehydes , azabenzenes , nucleic acid bases and others .	We present a parametrization within a simplified LCAO model ( a type of Hueckel model ) for the description of $ \pi $ molecular orbitals in organic molecules containing $ \pi $ -bonds between carbon , nitrogen , or oxygen atoms with $ sp^2 $ hybridization , which we show to be quite accurate in predicting the energy of the highest occupied $ \pi $ orbital and the first $ \pi $ - $ \pi* $ transition energy for a large set of organic compounds .	We provide four empirical parameter values for the diagonal matrix elements of the LCAO description , corresponding to atoms of carbon , nitrogen with one $ p_z $ electron , nitrogen with two $ p_z $ electrons , and oxygen .	The bond-length dependent formula ( proportional to $ 1/d^2 $ ) of Harrison is used for the non-diagonal matrix elements between neighboring atoms .	The comparison is rather successful , taking into account the small number of parameters and the simplicity of the LCAO method , involving only $ p_z $ atomic orbitals , which leads even to analytical calculations in some cases .
+2	We examine the effect of streaming velocities on the galaxy correlation function , including all leading-order contributions for the first time .	At the epoch of decoupling , cosmic baryons had supersonic velocities relative to the dark matter that were coherent on large scales .	These velocities subsequently slow the growth of small-scale structure and , via feedback processes , can influence the formation of larger galaxies .	We find that the impact on the BAO peak is dramatically enhanced ( by a factor of ~5 ) over the results of previous investigations , with the primary new effect due to advection : if a galaxy retains memory of the primordial streaming velocity , it does so at its Lagrangian , rather than Eulerian , position .	Since correlations in the streaming velocity change rapidly at the BAO scale , this advection term can cause a significant shift in the observed BAO position .
+2	We show that such a scale is related to the compactification moduli only , and that there are no extra continuous parameters , at least in semirealistic models with N=1 SUSY in four dimensions .	We review the gauge symmetry breaking mechanism due to orbifold projections in orbifold model building .	We explicitly show the existence of a scale of breaking if such a symmetry breaking is due to freely-acting orbifold operators only , i.e.in case the breaking is realized non-locally in the internal space .	In this sense , the mechanism is peculiarly different from the standard Higgs ( or Hosotani ) symmetry breaking mechanism .	We show that the mechanism also differs from that present in standard orbifold models where , even in presence of discrete Wilson lines , a scale of breaking is generically missing , since the breaking is localized in specific points in the internal space .
+4	This is complicated by excitation effects .	( Abridged ) Organic molecules are important constituents of protoplanetary disks .	Their ro-vibrational lines observed in the near- and mid-infrared are commonly detected toward T Tauri disks .	These lines are the only way to probe the chemistry in the inner few au where terrestrial planets form .	To understand this chemistry , accurate molecular abundances have to be determined .
+0	Most models designed to study the bidirectional movement of cargos as they are driven by molecular motors rely on the idea that motors of different polarities can be coordinated by external agents if arranged into a motor-cargo complex to perform the necessary work [ gross04 ] .	Although these models have provided us with important insights into these phenomena , there are still many unanswered questions regarding the mechanisms through which the movement of the complex takes place on crowded microtubules .	For example ( i ) how does cargo-binding affect motor motility ?	and in connection with that - ( ii ) how does the presence of other motors ( and also other cargos ) on the microtubule affect the motility of the motor-cargo complex ?	We discuss these questions from a different perspective .
+3	While they measured the correct weak values for the quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation , the corresponding implications do not obtain because , as we show , those weak values were measured with both a quadratic and a linear magnetic field Bz interaction .	In a July 2014 Nature Communications paper , Denkmayr et al .	claim to have instantiated the so-called quantum Cheshire Cat experiment using neutron interferometry .	Crucial to this claim are the weak values which must imply the quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation , i.e. , `` the neutron and its spin are spatially separated '' in their experiment .	We show explicitly how those weak values imply quantum Cheshire Cat if the Bz interaction is linear and then we show how the quadratic Bz interaction destroys the quantum Cheshire Cat implications of those weak values .
+4	Methods : We observed J1427+3312 in phase-reference mode with ten antennas of the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry ( VLBI ) Network ( EVN ) at 1.6 GHz on 11 March 2007 and at 5 GHz on 3 March 2007 .	Context : The highest redshift quasars at z & gt ; ~6 receive considerable attention since they provide strong constraints on the growth of the earliest supermassive black holes .	They also probe the epoch of reionisation and serve as `` lighthouses '' to illuminate the space between them and the observer .	The source J1427+3312 ( z=6.12 ) has recently been identified as the first and so far the only known radio-loud quasar at z & gt ; 6 .	Aims : We investigated the compact radio structure of J1427+3312 on milli-arcsecond ( mas ) angular scales , to compare it with that of the second most distant radio-loud quasar J0836+0054 ( z=5.77 ) and with lower-redshift radio quasars in general .
+2	In the Newtonian limit , this flare will have a light curve that scales as t^-5/3 if the tidal debris has a flat distribution in binding energy .	A star orbiting a supermassive black hole can be tidally disrupted if the black hole 's gravitational tidal field exceeds the star 's self gravity at pericenter .	Some of this stellar tidal debris can become gravitationally bound to the black hole , leading to a bright electromagnetic flare with bolometric luminosity proportional to the rate at which material falls back to pericenter .	We investigate the time dependence of the black-hole mass accretion rate when tidal disruption occurs close enough the black hole that relativistic effects are significant .	We find that for orbits with pericenters comparable to the radius of the marginally bound circular orbit , relativistic effects can double the peak accretion rate and halve the time it takes to reach this peak accretion rate .
+2	The definition is shown to be adjoint invariant and multiplicative .	We show that the non-trivially associated tensor category constructed from left coset representatives of a subgroup of a finite group is a modular category .	Also we give a definition of the character of an object in a ribbon category which is the category of representations of a braided Hopf algebra in the category .	A detailed example is given .	Finally we show an equivalence of categories between the non-trivially associated double D and the category of representations of the double of the group D ( X ) .
+3	It is clear that G_ { omega_1 } ( A , B ) is determined if A and B are of cardinality & lt ; = aleph_1 .	Let ( A ) and ( B ) be two first order structures of the same vocabulary .	We shall consider the Ehrenfeucht-Fra { i } sse-game of length omega_1 of A and B which we denote by G_ { omega_1 } ( A , B ) .	This game is like the ordinary Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse-game of L_ { omega omega } except that there are omega_1 moves .	We prove the following results : Theorem A : If V=L , then there are models A and B of cardinality aleph_2 such that the game G_ { omega_1 } ( A , B ) is non-determined .
+0	An instability driven by the thermal anisotropy of a single electron species is investigated in a 2D particle-in-cell ( PIC ) simulation .	This instability is the one considered by Weibel and it differs from the beam driven filamentation instability .	A comparison of the simulation results with analytic theory provides similar exponential growth rates of the magnetic field during the linear growth phase of the instability .	We observe in accordance with previous works the growth of electric fields during the saturation phase of the instability .	Some components of this electric field are not accounted for by the linearized theory .
+0	We study the Knapp-Stein R-groups of the inner forms of SL ( N ) over a non-archimedean local field of characteristic zero , by using restriction from the inner forms of GL ( N ) .	As conjectured by Arthur , these R-groups are then shown to be naturally isomorphic to their dual avatars defined in terms of L-parameters .	The 2-cocycles attached to R-groups can be described as well .	The proofs are based on the results of K. Hiraga and H. Saito .	We also construct examples to illustrate some new phenomena which do not occur in the case of SL ( N ) or classical groups .
+1	However , many recurrently reported properties , such as the spatial clustering of network communities , have not yet been systematically tested at different scales .	The appearance of large geolocated communication datasets has recently increased our understanding of how social networks relate to their physical space .	In this work we analyze the social network structure of over 25 million phone users from three countries at three different scales : country , provinces and cities .	We consistently find that this last urban scenario presents significant differences to common knowledge about social networks .	First , the emergence of a giant component in the network seems to be controlled by whether or not the network spans over the entire urban border , almost independently of the population or geographic extension of the city .
+1	Our sample of ~360 log ( M*/Msun ) ~ 9.3-11.8 SFGs is mainly based on the KMOS3D and SINS/zC-SINF surveys of H $ \alpha $ kinematics , and collectively provides a representative subset of the massive star forming population .	We analyze the angular momenta of massive star forming galaxies ( SFGs ) at the peak of the cosmic star formation epoch ( z~0.8-2.6 ) .	The inferred halo scale angular momentum distribution is broadly consistent with that theoretically predicted for their dark matter halos , in terms of mean spin parameter & lt ; $ \lambda $ & gt ; ~ 0.037 and its dispersion ( $ \sigma_ { log ( \lambda ) } $ ~0.2 ) .	Spin parameters correlate with the disk radial scale , and with their stellar surface density , but do not depend significantly on halo mass , stellar mass , or redshift .	Our data thus support the long-standing assumption that on average , even at high redshifts , the specific angular momentum of disk galaxies reflects that of their dark matter halos ( j_d = j_DM ) .
+2	Given a partition \lambda , we denote by \lambda^c its complement in a square partition ( m^m ) .	Determining if a symmetric function is Schur-positive is a prevalent and , in general , a notoriously difficult problem .	In this paper we study the Schur-positivity of a family of symmetric functions .	We conjecture a Schur-positivity criterion for symmetric functions of the form s_ { \mu ' } s_ { \mu^c } -s_ { \lambda ' } s_ { \lambda^c } , where \lambda is a partition of weight |\mu|-1 contained in \mu and the complement of \mu is taken in the same square partition as the complement of \lambda .	We prove the conjecture in many cases .
+1	We show that when the ERC is met , OLS is guaranteed to exactly recover the unknown support in at most k iterations .	Tropp 's analysis of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit ( OMP ) using the Exact Recovery Condition ( ERC ) is extended to a first exact recovery analysis of Orthogonal Least Squares ( OLS ) .	Moreover , we provide a closer look at the analysis of both OMP and OLS when the ERC is not fulfilled .	The existence of dictionaries for which some subsets are never recovered by OMP is proved .	This phenomenon also appears with basis pursuit where support recovery depends on the sign patterns , but it does not occur for OLS .
+2	It also improves ( i ) the running time of the randomized $ ( 1+o ( 1 ) ) $ -approximation $ \tilde O ( n^ { 1/2 } D^ { 1/4 } +D ) $ -time algorithm of Nanongkai [ STOC 2014 ] by a factor of as large as $ n^ { 1/8 } $ , and ( ii ) the $ O ( \epsilon^ { -1 } \log \epsilon^ { -1 } ) $ -approximation factor of Lenzen and Patt-Shamir 's $ \tilde O ( n^ { 1/2+\epsilon } +D ) $ -time algorithm [ STOC 2013 ] within the same running time .	We present a deterministic $ ( 1+o ( 1 ) ) $ -approximation $ O ( n^ { 1/2+o ( 1 ) } +D^ { 1+o ( 1 ) } ) $ -time algorithm for solving the single-source shortest paths problem on distributed weighted networks ( the CONGEST model ) ; here $ n $ is the number of nodes in the network and $ D $ is its ( hop ) diameter .	This is the first non-trivial deterministic algorithm for this problem .	Our running time matches the known time lower bound of $ \Omega ( n^ { 1/2 } /\log n + D ) $ [ Das Sarma et al .	STOC 2011 ] modulo some lower-order terms , thus essentially settling the status of this problem which was raised at least a decade ago [ Elkin , SIGACT News 2004 ] .
+0	We theoretically and numerically studied ordering of `` colloidal ionic clusters '' on periodic substrate potentials as those generated by optical trapping .	Each cluster consists of three charged spherical colloids : two negatively and one positively charged .	The substrate is a square or rectangular array of traps , each confining one such cluster .	By varying the lattice constant from large to small , the observed clusters are first rod-like and form ferro- and antiferro-like phases , then they bend into a banana-like shape and finally condense into a percolated structure .	Remarkably , in a broad parameter range between single-cluster and percolated structures , we have found stable supercomplexes composed of six colloids forming grape-like or rocket-like structures .
+4	We discuss various small-scale effects in the signal and the dependence on the source redshift distribution .	We demonstrate that the intrinsic alignment of galaxies with large-scale tidal fields sources an extra contribution to the recently-detected cross-correlation of galaxy shear and weak lensing of the microwave background .	The extra term is the analogy of the 'GI ' term in standard cosmic shear studies , and results in a reduction in the amplitude of the cross-correlation .	We compute the intrinsic alignment contribution in linear and non-linear theory , and show that it can be at roughly the 15 % level for the CFHT Stripe 82 redshift distribution , if the canonical amplitude of intrinsic alignments is assumed .	The new term can therefore potentially reconcile the apparently low value of the measured cross-correlation with standard LCDM .
+0	OH is a key species in the water chemistry of star-forming regions , because its presence is tightly related to the formation and destruction of water .	This paper presents OH observations from 23 low- and intermediate-mass young stellar objects obtained with the PACS integral field spectrometer on-board Herschel in the context of the Water In Star-forming Regions with Herschel ( WISH ) key program .	Most low-mass sources have compact OH emission ( & lt ; 5000 AU scale ) , whereas the OH lines in most intermediate-mass sources are extended over the whole PACS detector field-of-view ( & gt ; 20000 AU ) .	The strength of the OH emission is correlated with various source properties such as the bolometric luminosity and the envelope mass , but also with the OI and H2O emission .	Rotational diagrams for sources with many OH lines show that the level populations of OH can be approximated by a Boltzmann distribution with an excitation temperature at around 70 K. Radiative transfer models of spherically symmetric envelopes can not reproduce the OH emission fluxes nor their broad line widths , strongly suggesting an outflow origin .
+3	Unfortunately these data do not allow any strong constraints to be placed on the location , or solid angle subtended by the material at the ionizing source .	We present results on the X-ray spectrum of the quasar PG 1114+445 from an ASCA observation performed in 1996 June , and a ROSAT observation performed 3 years earlier .	We show good agreement between all the datasets can be obtained if the underlying continuum in the 0.2 -- 10 keV band is assumed to be a powerlaw ( photon index Gamma approx 1.8 ) absorbed by photoionized material .	The ionized gas imprints deep absorption edges in the observed spectrum & lt ; ~ 2 keV due to Ovii and Oviii , from which we determine its column density ( approx 2E22 cm^ { -2 } ) and ionization parameter ( Ux approx 0.1 ) to be similar to that observed in Seyfert-I galaxies .	We also find evidence for absorption in the Fe K-shell band in excess of that predicted from the lower energy features .
+3	We find that winds with smaller $ H $ show a poloidal geometry of narrower opening angles with their \Alfven\ surface at lower inclination angles and therefore they produce the highest line of sight ( LoS ) velocities for observers at higher latitudes with the respect to the disk plane .	We explore the poloidal structure of two-dimensional ( 2D ) MHD winds in relation to their potential association with the X-ray warm absorbers ( WAs ) and the highly-ionized ultra-fast outflows ( UFOs ) in AGN , in a single unifying approach .	We present the density $ n ( r , \theta ) $ , ionization parameter $ \xi ( r , \theta ) $ , and velocity structure $ v ( r , \theta ) $ of such ionized winds for typical values of their fluid-to-magnetic flux ratio , $ F $ , and specific angular momentum , $ H $ , for which wind solutions become super-\Alfvenic .	We explore the geometrical shape of winds for different values of these parameters and delineate the values that produce the widest and narrowest opening angles of these winds , quantities necessary in the determination of the statistics of AGN obscuration .	We further note a physical and spatial correlation between the X-ray WAs and UFOs that form along the same LoS to the observer but at different radii , $ r $ , and distinct values of $ n $ , $ \xi $ and $ v $ consistent with the latest spectroscopic data of radio-quiet Seyfert galaxies .
+3	The stable states of this dynamics coincide with the Nash equilibria of game theory .	We introduce a simple stochastic dynamics for game theory .	It assumes `` local '' rationality in the sense that any player climbs the gradient of his utility function in the presence of a stochastic force which represents deviation from rationality in the form of a `` heat bath '' .	We focus on particular games of a large number of players with a global interaction which is typical of economic systems .	We study the gaussian fluctuations around these equilibria and establish that fluctuations around competitive equilibria increase with the number of players .
+0	Using coalgebraic methods , we extend Conway 's theory of games to possibly non-terminating , i.e.non-wellfounded games ( hypergames ) .	We take the view that a play which goes on forever is a draw , and hence rather than focussing on winning strategies , we focus on non-losing strategies .	Hypergames are a fruitful metaphor for non-terminating processes , Conway 's sum being similar to shuffling .	We develop a theory of hypergames , which extends in a non-trivial way Conway 's theory ; in particular , we generalize Conway 's results on game determinacy and characterization of strategies .	Hypergames have a rather interesting theory , already in the case of impartial hypergames , for which we give a compositional semantics , in terms of a generalized Grundy-Sprague function and a system of generalized Nim games .
+4	New features regarding the reflection pattern of thermo-acoustic waves near the critical point under pulse perturbations are revealed by the proper inclusion of the critically diverging bulk viscosity .	We study the thermo-acoustic wave propagation and reflection near the liquid-gas critical point .	Specifically , we perform a numerical investigation of the acoustic responses in a near-critical fluid to thermal perturbations based on the same setup of a recent ultrasensitive interferometry measurement in CO2 [ Y. Miura et al.Phys.Rev .	E 74 , 010101 ( R ) ( 2006 ) ] .	The numerical results agree well with the experimental data .
+2	Night-to-night variations in the position and strength of the central emission reversal of the Ha profile occuring over ill-defined time-scales have been observed .	We report spectral time series of the late O-type runaway supergiant HD 188209 .	Radial velocity variations of photospheric absorption lines with a possible quasi-period ~ 6.4 days have been detected in high-resolution echelle spectra .	The fundamental parameters of the star have been derived using state-of-the-art plane -- parallel and unified non-LTE model atmospheres , these last including the mass-loss rate .	The derived helium abundance is moderately enhanced with respect to solar , and the stellar masses are lower than those predicted by the evolutionary models .
+0	We present here new observations conducted with the EVN and MERLIN of the persistent microquasar LS 5039 discovered by Paredes et al .	( 2000 ) with the VLBA .	The new observations confirm the presence of an asymmetric two-sided jet reaching up to 1000 AU on the longest jet arm .	The results suggest a bending of the jets with increasing distance from the core and/or precession .	The origin and location of the high-energy gamma-ray emission associated with the system is discussed and an estimate of the magnetic field at the base of the jet given .
+0	Toroidal carbon nanotubes can serve as hosts for encapsulated loops of atomic metal wires .	Such composite structures have been analyzed using density functional theory for a semiconducting C $ _ { 120 } $ torus encapsulating chains of Fe , Au and Cu atoms .	The sheathed metal necklaces form a zigzag structure and drops the HOMO/LUMO bandgap to less than 0.1 eV .	The iron composite is ferromagnetic with a magnetic moment essentially the same as that of bcc iron .	The azimuthal symmetry of these toroidal composites suggests that they may offer novel elecromagnetic properties not associated with straight , metal-encapsulated carbon nanotubes .
+0	Cosmogenic neutrinos originate from photo-hadronic interactions of cosmic ray protons with the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) .	The neutrino production rate can be constrained through the accompanying electrons , positrons and gamma-rays that quickly cascade on the CMB and intergalactic magnetic fields to lower energies and generate a gamma ray background in the GeV-TeV region .	Bethe-Heitler pair production by protons also contributes to the cascade and can tighten the neutrino constraints in models where extragalactic cosmic rays begin to dominate over the galactic component at a relatively low `` crossover '' energy .	We investigate this issue in the light of the recent Fermi-LAT measurements of the diffuse extragalactic gamma ray background and illustrate by a fit to the HiRes spectrum how the prediction of the cosmogenic neutrino flux in all-proton models varies with the crossover energy .	The neutrino flux is required to be smaller when the gamma-ray bound is applied , nevertheless such models are still consistent with HiRes and Fermi-LAT if one properly takes into account the energy uncertainty of cosmic ray measurements .
+2	In the second part we describe new classes of static axially symmetric solutions which generalise 't Hooft - Polyakov monopole .	We review classical monopole solutions of the SU ( 2 ) Yang-Mills-Higgs theory .	The first part is a pedagogical introduction into to the basic features of the celebrated 't Hooft - Polyakov monopole .	These configurations are either deformations of the topologically trivial sector or the sectors with different topological charges .	In both situations we construct the solutions representing the chains of monopoles and antimonopoles in static equilibrium .
+1	We observe the NGC 7023-North West ( NW ) PDR in the mid-infrared ( 10 - 19.5 micron ) using the Infrared Spectrometer ( IRS ) , on board Spitzer .	The aromatic infrared bands ( AIBs ) observed in the mid infrared spectrum are attributed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) .	Clear variations are observed in the spectra , most notably the ratio of the 11.0 to 11.2 micron bands , the peak position of the 11.2 and 12.0 micron bands , and the degree of asymmetry of the 11.2 micron band .	The observed variations appear to change as a function of position within the PDR .	We aim to explain these variations by a change in the abundances of the emitting components of the PDR .
+4	An updated determination of the S , T and U parameters , which parametrize the oblique vacuum corrections , is given .	We present an update of the global Standard Model ( SM ) fit to electroweak precision data under the assumption that the new particle discovered at the LHC is the SM Higgs boson .	In this scenario all parameters entering the calculations of electroweak precision observalbes are known , allowing , for the first time , to over-constrain the SM at the electroweak scale and assert its validity .	Within the SM the W boson mass and the effective weak mixing angle can be accurately predicted from the global fit .	The results are compatible with , and exceed in precision , the direct measurements .
+1	The error compensation procedure , for a particular encoder , involves obtaining its error profile by calibrating it on a precision rotary table , training the neural network by using a part of this data and then determining the corrected encoder angle by subtracting the ANN-predicted error from the measured value of the encoder angle .	An Artificial Neural Network-based error compensation method is proposed for improving the accuracy of resolver-based 16-bit encoders by compensating for their respective systematic error profiles .	Since it is not guaranteed that all the resolvers will have exactly similar error profiles because of the inherent differences in their construction on a micro scale , the ANN has been trained on one error profile at a time and the corresponding weight file is then used only for compensating the systematic error of this particular encoder .	The systematic nature of the error profile for each of the encoders has also been validated by repeated calibration of the encoders over a period of time and it was found that the error profiles of a particular encoder recorded at different epochs show near reproducible behavior .	The ANN-based error compensation procedure has been implemented for 4 encoders by training the ANN with their respective error profiles and the results indicate that the accuracy of encoders can be improved by nearly an order of magnitude from quoted values of ~6 arc-min to ~0.65 arc-min when their corresponding ANN-generated weight files are used for determining the corrected encoder angle .
+0	We analyze the density field of 264,283 galaxies observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) -III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey ( BOSS ) and included in the SDSS data release nine ( DR9 ) .	In total , the SDSS DR9 BOSS data includes spectroscopic redshifts for over 400,000 galaxies spread over a footprint of more than 3,000 deg^2 .	We measure the power spectrum of these galaxies with redshifts 0.43 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.7 in order to constrain the amount of local non-Gaussianity , f_NL , local , in the primordial density field , paying particular attention to the impact of systematic uncertainties .	The BOSS galaxy density field is systematically affected by the local stellar density and this influences the ability to accurately measure f_NL , local .	In the absence of any correction , we find ( erroneously ) that the probability that f_NL , local is greater than zero , P ( f_NL , local & gt ; 0 ) , is 99.5 % .
+3	With the use of the Kubo formula , the shear viscosity of quark matter becomes small .	We calculate shear viscosity of the quark matter at finite temperature and density .	If we assume that the quark interacts with the soft mode , which is a collective mode of quark-antiquark pair , the self energy of the quark is calculated by using the quasi-particle random phase approximation .	It is shown that its imaginary part is large and the mean free path of the quark is short .	The Reynolds number of the quark matter is estimated to be about $ 3\sim 30 $ .
+3	To protect its mass , the scalar dark matter is identified as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson ( pNGB ) .	Ultralight scalar dark matter with mass at or below the eV scale and pressure from repulsive self-interaction could form a Bose-Einstein condensate in the early Universe and maybe in galaxies as well .	It has been suggested to be a possible solution to the cusp/core problem or even to explain MOND phenomenology .	In this paper , I initiate a study of possible self-interactions of ultralight scalar dark matter from the particle physics point of view .	Quite a few pNGB models with different potentials such as the QCD axion and the dilaton lead to attractive self-interactions .
+4	Explicitly , we use Kerr/CFT correspondence to show that if we initially do not remove the singularities from the spacetimes , in the dual chiral CFT we can detect the presence of singularities in the bulk of spacetime .	We investigate the recently proposed Kerr/CFT correspondence in the context of rotating spacetimes with a NUT twist .	The Kerr/CFT correspondence states that the near-horizon states of an extremal four ( or higher ) dimensional black hole could be identified with a certain chiral conformal field theory .	The corresponding Virasoro algebra is generated with a class of diffeomorphism which preserves an appropriate boundary condition on the near-horizon geometry .	We try to understand the analog of singularities in the context of dual chiral CFT .
+0	The hidden shift problem is a natural place to look for new separations between classical and quantum models of computation .	One advantage of this problem is its flexibility , since it can be defined for a whole range of functions and a whole range of underlying groups .	In a way , this distinguishes it from the hidden subgroup problem where more stringent requirements about the existence of a periodic subgroup have to be made .	And yet , the hidden shift problem proves to be rich enough to capture interesting features of problems of algebraic , geometric , and combinatorial flavor .	We present a quantum algorithm to identify the hidden shift for any Boolean function .
+4	The open problem of controllability in Lie groups is directly related and rises to prominence in an effort to perform universal quantum computation .	Construction of explicit quantum circuits follows the notion of the `` standard circuit model '' introduced in the solid and profound analysis of elementary gates providing quantum computation .	Nevertheless the model is not always optimal ( e.g.concerning the number of computational steps ) and it neglects physical systems which can not follow the `` standard circuit model '' analysis .	We propose a computational scheme which overcomes the notion of the transposition from classical circuits providing a computation scheme with the least possible number of Hamiltonians in order to minimize the physical resources needed to perform quantum computation and to succeed a minimization of the computational procedure ( minimizing the number of computational steps needed to perform an arbitrary unitary transformation ) .	It is a general scheme of construction , independent of the specific system used for the implementation of the quantum computer .
+2	Using a quantum Monte Carlo method , we extend to larger systems containing up to 40 electrons and obtain more accurate thermodynamic limits for various matrix elements for a short range interaction .	This study builds upon the work of Palacios and MacDonald ( Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 76 } , 118 ( 1996 ) ) , wherein they identify the bosonic excitations of Wen 's approach for the edge of the 1/3 fractional quantum Hall state with certain operators introduced by Stone .	The results are in agreement with those of Palacios and MacDonald for small systems , but offer further insight into the detailed approach to the thermodynamic limit .	For the short range interaction , the results are consistent with the chiral Luttinger liquid predictions.We also study excitations using the Coulomb ground state for up to nine electrons to ascertain the effect of interactions on the results ; in this case our tests of the chiral Luttinger liquid approach are inconclusive .
+1	Although traditionally non-volatile long-term plasticity changes have been implemented in nanoelectronic synapses for neuromorphic applications , recent studies in neuroscience have revealed that biological synapses undergo meta-stable volatile strengthening followed by a long-term strengthening provided that the frequency of the input stimulus is sufficiently high .	Synaptic memory is considered to be the main element responsible for learning and cognition in humans .	Such `` memory strengthening '' and `` memory decay '' functionalities can potentially lead to adaptive neuromorphic architectures .	In this paper , we demonstrate the close resemblance of the magnetization dynamics of a Magnetic Tunnel Junction ( MTJ ) to short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation observed in biological synapses .	We illustrate that , in addition to the magnitude and duration of the input stimulus , frequency of the stimulus plays a critical role in determining long-term potentiation of the MTJ .
+0	We model information traffic on scale-free networks by introducing the bandwidth as the delivering ability of links .	We focus on the effects of bandwidth on the packet delivering ability of the traffic system to better understand traffic dynamic in real network systems .	Such ability can be measured by a phase transition from free flow to congestion .	Two cases of node capacity C are considered , i.e. , C=constant and C is proportional to the node 's degree .	We figured out the decrease of the handling ability of the system together with the movement of the optimal local routing coefficient $ \alpha_c $ , induced by the restriction of bandwidth .
+2	The relative contribution of the three nebulae to the final spectra at different phases are calculated for all the lines .	The UV and optical spectra from the HST FOS and from the FAST spectrograph at the Whipple Observatory at different phases are analysed , leading to new results about the configuration of AG Peg .	Consistent modelling by the code SUMA , which accounts for the coupled effect of photoionisation from the hot star and the shock , shows the important role of at least three nebulae : 1 ) the nebula between the stars , downstream of the shock created by collision of the winds , which propagates in reverse towards the WD , 2 ) the nebula downstream of the shock expanding in the outskirts of the giant atmosphere , and 3 ) the shock propagating outwards the binary system , that is not reached by the hot source radiation .	It is found that the contribution to the different lines changes with the viewing angle of the system .	The relatively low preshock density and magnetic field adopted in the modelling of the expanding shocks reveal that they are merging with the ISM , thus explaining the slow decline of AG Peg .
+1	Ideal hydrodynamic model , initialised to reproduce experimentally charged particle spectra in RHIC and LHC energy , also reproduces the PHENIX and ALICE measurements for the direct photon spectra in Au+Au collisions at RHIC and Pb+Pb collisions at LHC .	Direct photon production , in $ \sqrt { s_ { NN } } $ =200 GeV Au+Au and in $ \sqrt { s_ { NN } } $ =2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions , are studied in a hydrodynamic model .	The model however produces less elliptic flow than in experiment .	Discrepancy between experiment and hydrodynamic simulation is comparatively less in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC than in Au+Au collisions at RHIC .	We also studied direct photon correlation and determined the HBT radii .
+3	In thermal boundary conditions all eight combinations of periodic vs antiperiodic boundary conditions in the three spatial directions appear in the ensemble with their respective Boltzmann weights , thus minimizing finite-size corrections due to domain walls .	A theoretical description of the low-temperature phase of short-range spin glasses has remained elusive for decades .	In particular , it is unclear if theories that assert a single pair of pure states , or theories that are based infinitely many pure states-such as replica symmetry breaking-best describe realistic short-range systems .	To resolve this controversy , the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass in thermal boundary conditions is studied numerically using population annealing Monte Carlo .	From the relative weighting of the eight boundary conditions for each disorder instance a sample stiffness is defined , and its typical value is shown to grow with system size according to a stiffness exponent .
+4	We experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of a phase estimation experiment able to reach its optimal working regime .	The sensitivity in optical interferometry is strongly affected by losses during the signal propagation or at the detection stage .	The optimal quantum states of the probing signals in the presence of loss were recently found .	However , in many cases of practical interest , their associated accuracy is worse than the one obtainable without employing quantum resources ( e.g.entanglement and squeezing ) but neglecting the detector 's loss .	Here we detail an experiment that can reach the latter even in the presence of imperfect detectors : it employs a phase-sensitive amplification of the signals after the phase sensing , before the detection .
+1	In this note we study a class of representations of locally affine algebras generalizing integrable highest weight modules .	Locally affine Lie algebras are generalizations of affine Kac -- Moody algebras with Cartan subalgebras of infinite rank whose root system is locally affine .	In particular , we construct such an integrable representation for each integral weight not vanishing on the center and show that , over the complex numbers , we thus obtain unitary representations w.r.t .	a unitary real form .	We also use Yoshii 's recent classification of locally affine root systems to derive a classification of so-called minimal locally affine Lie algebras and give realizations as twisted loop algebras .
+3	If the mass is smaller than a certain critical value , the bubble collapses to a singularity .	Vacuum bubbles may nucleate and expand during the inflationary epoch in the early universe .	After inflation ends , the bubbles quickly dissipate their kinetic energy ; they come to rest with respect to the Hubble flow and eventually form black holes .	The fate of the bubble itself depends on the resulting black hole mass .	Otherwise , the bubble interior inflates , forming a baby universe , which is connected to the exterior FRW region by a wormhole .
+4	Our argument is based on a variational technique by making use of the primal and dual variational principles for the elastostatic system , along with the construction of suitable test functions .	We consider the anomalous localized resonance due to a plasmonic structure for the elastostatic system in R^2 .	The plasmonic structure takes a general core-shell-matrix form with the metamaterial located in the shell .	If there is no core , we show that resonance occurs for a very broad class of sources .	If the core is nonempty and of an arbitrary shape , we show that there exists a critical radius such that anomalous localized resonance ( ALR ) occurs .
+1	For certain isotopes an atomic resonance enormously enhances the expected decay rates .	Three decades ago , the measurement of the electron neutrino mass in atomic electron capture ( EC ) experiments was scrutinized in its two variants : single EC and neutrino-less double EC .	The favoured technique , based on calorimeters as opposed to spectrometers , has the advantage of greatly simplifying the theoretical analysis of the data .	After an initial surge of measurements , the EC approach did not seem to be competitive .	But very recently , there has been great progress on micro-calorimeters and the measurement of atomic mass differences .
+0	Scattered light echoes from variable and cataclysmic stars offer one of the most effective means to probe the structure and composition of circumtellar and interstellar media .	I build a simple model of light-echo surface brightness by considering the source spectrum , and the dust density , geometry , and scattering efficiency .	I use this model to investigate whether echoes should be observable around short and long-period giants , cataclysmic variables , and supernovae .	Only supernovae are expected to illuminate material on both circumstellar and interstellar scales .	Giant and post-AGB stars ( e.g.Cepheids and Miras ) with high mass-loss rates can produce observable echoes within their circumstellar envelopes .
+2	In this paper Minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM is considered and two-loop relations between known SM values of fermion masses and running parameters of the MSSM are studied within the effective theory approach .	Masses of heavy Standard Model fermions ( top-quark , bottom-quark , and tau-lepton ) play an important role in the analysis of theories beyond the SM .	They serve as low-energy input and reduce the parameter space of such theories .	Both b-quark and tau-lepton have the same quantum numbers with respect to SU ( 2 ) groupand in the MSSM acquire their masses due to interactions with the same Higgs doublet .	As a consequence , for large values of tan beta parameter corresponding Yukawa couplings also become large and together with tan beta can significantly enhance radiative corrections .
+0	We present an extensive comparison of models of structure formation with observations , based on linear and quasi-linear theory .	We assume a critical matter density , and study both cold dark matter models and cold plus hot dark matter models .	We explore a wide range of parameters , by varying the fraction of hot dark matter $ \Omega_ { \nu } $ , the Hubble parameter $ h $ and the spectral index of density perturbations $ n $ , and allowing for the possibility of gravitational waves from inflation influencing large-angle microwave background anisotropies .	New calculations are made of the transfer functions describing the linear power spectrum , with special emphasis on improving the accuracy on short scales where there are strong constraints .	For assessing early object formation , the transfer functions are explicitly evaluated at the appropriate redshift .
+2	The calculation is based on a tensor pomeron model and the amplitudes for the processes are formulated in terms of vertices respecting the standard crossing and charge-conjugation relations of Quantum Field Theory .	We consider central exclusive diffractive dipion production in the reactions $ pp \to pp \pi^ { + } \pi^ { - } $ and $ p\bar { p } \to p\bar { p } \pi^ { + } \pi^ { - } $ at high energies .	We include the dipion continuum , the dominant scalar $ f_ { 0 } ( 500 ) $ , $ f_ { 0 } ( 980 ) $ , and tensor $ f_ { 2 } ( 1270 ) $ resonances decaying into the $ \pi^ { + } \pi^ { - } $ pairs .	The formulae for the dipion continuum and tensor meson production are given here for the first time .	The theoretical results are compared with existing STAR , CDF , CMS experimental data and predictions for planned or being carried out experiments ( ALICE , ATLAS ) are presented .
+2	By reversing the steps of dimensional reduction , the $ p $ -brane solutions become intersections of $ p $ -branes , NUTs and waves in D=10 or D=11 .	We give a full classification of the multi-charge supersymmetric $ p $ -brane solutions in the massless and massive maximal supergravities in dimensions $ D\ge2 $ obtained from the toroidal reduction of eleven-dimensional supergravity .	We derive simple universal rules for determining the fractions of supersymmetry that they preserve .	Having classified the lower-dimensional $ p $ -branes , this provides a classification of all the intersections in D=10 and D=11 where the harmonic functions depend on the space transverse to all the individual objects .	We also discuss the structure of U-duality multiplets of $ p $ -brane solutions , and show how these translate into multiplets of harmonic and non-harmonic intersections .
+1	All measured values of the lifetimes ( 792 data for 618 different vibro-rotational levels of 33 electronic states ) , reported in 61 publications before November 2014 , are compiled and listed in the tabular format together with annotated bibliography .	Current situation in studies of lifetimes of excited rovibronic levels for the H2 , D2 , T2 , HD , HT , and DT molecules is analyzed .	Experimental data are now available for the H2 , HD and D2 molecules only .	The data collected in the present work show fragmentariness of experimental data .	For vast majority of the levels the lifetime value was reported in one paper only , and has no independent experimental verification .
+0	A system of two interacting photon modes , without constraints on the photon number , in the presence of a Kerr nonlinearity , exhibits BEC if the transfer amplitude is greater than the mode frequency .	A symmetry-breaking field ( SBF ) can be introduced by taking into account a classical electron current .	The ground state , in the limit of small nonlinearity , becomes a squeezed state , and thus the modes become entangled .	The smaller is the SBF , the greater is entanglement .	Superfluid-like behavior is observed in the study of entanglement growth from an initial coherent state , since in the short-time range the growth does not depend on the SBF amplitude , and on the initial state amplitude .
+4	Contrary to the previous investigations , a third-degree polynomial fitted for the new calibration : [ Fe/H ] = 0.10-2.76d-24.04d^2+30.00d^3 .	88 dwarfs , covering the colour index interval 0.37 & lt ; ( B-V ) o & lt ; = 1.07 mag , with metallicities -2.70 & lt ; = [ Fe/H ] & lt ; = +0.26 dex have been taken from three different sources for new metallicity calibration .	The catalogue of Cayrel de Stroble et al .	( 2001 ) which includes 65 % of the stars in our sample supplies detailed information on abundances for stars with determination based on high resolution spectroscopy .	77 stars which supplies at least one of the following conditions have been used as `` corner stones '' for constructing the new calibration : ( i ) the parallax is larger than 10 mas ( distance relative to the Sun less than 100 pc ) and the galactic latitude is absolutely higher than 30 degrees , ( ii ) the parallax is rather large , if the galactic latitude is absolutely low and vice versa .
+3	They also represent an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution over previous 21 cm studies ( 1 '' to 2 '' instead of 13 '' to 45 '' ) .	We present long slit Halpha observations of 50 low surface brightness galaxies .	Of these , 36 are of sufficient quality to form rotation curves .	These data provide a large increase in the number of low surface brightness galaxies for which accurate rotation curves are available .	The improved resolution and accuracy of the data extend and strengthen the scientific conclusions previously inferred from 21 cm data .
+1	While a dominant ( additive , stationary ) Gaussian noise component in image data will ensure that wavelet coefficients are of Gaussian distribution , long tailed distributions ( symptomatic , for example , of extreme values ) may well hold in practice for wavelet coefficients .	We show the potential for classifying images of mixtures of aggregate , based themselves on varying , albeit well-defined , sizes and shapes , in order to provide a far more effective approach compared to the classification of individual sizes and shapes .	Energy ( 2nd order moment ) has often been used for image characterization for image content-based retrieval , and higher order moments may be important also , not least for capturing long tailed distributional behavior .	In this work , we assess 2nd , 3rd and 4th order moments of multiresolution transform -- wavelet and curvelet transform -- coefficients as features .	As analysis methodology , taking account of image types , multiresolution transforms , and moments of coefficients in the scales or bands , we use correspondence analysis as well as k-nearest neighbors supervised classification .
+0	Positron excess observed by PAMELA , Fermi and AMS02 may be due to dark matter ( DM ) pair annihilation or decay dominantly into muons .	In this paper , we consider a scenario with thermal fermionic DM ( $ \chi $ ) with mass $ \sim O ( 1-2 ) $ TeV decaying into a dark Higgs ( $ \phi $ ) and an active neutrino ( $ \nu_a $ ) instead of the SM Higgs boson and $ \nu_a $ .	We first present a renormalizable model for this scenario with local dark $ U ( 1 ) _X $ gauge symmetry , in which the DM $ \chi $ can be thermalized by Higgs portal and the gauge kinetic mixing .	Assuming the dark Higgs ( $ \phi $ ) mass is in the range $ 2 m_\mu & lt ; m_\phi & lt ; 2 m_ { \pi^0 } $ , the positron excess can be fit in a natural manner without conflict with constraints from antiproton and gamma ray fluxes or direct detection experiments .	Also having such a light dark Higgs , the self-interaction of DM can be enhanced to some extent , and three puzzles in the CDM paradigm can be somewhat relaxed .
+1	They asked whether the area normalized meridian length squared of maximal tubular neighborhoods of the singular locus of the cone-manifold is decreasing and that summed with the cone angle squared is increasing as we deform the cone-angles .	Recently , Hodgson and Kerckhoff found a small bound on Dehn surgered 3-manifolds from hyperbolic knots not admitting hyperbolic structures using deformations of hyperbolic cone-manifolds .	We confirm this near 0 cone-angles for an infinite family of hyperbolic cone-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgeries along the Whitehead link complements .	The basic method is based on explicit holonomy computations using the A-polynomials and finding the maximal tubes .	One of the key tool is the Taylor expression of a geometric component of the zero set of the A-polynomial in terms of the cone-angles .
+1	Consider also the same equations with the Neumann boundary condition replaced by the Dirichlet boundary condition ; namely , $ u=h $ on $ \partial D $ .	Let \begin { equation* } L=\sum_ { i , j=1 } ^da_ { i , j } \frac { \partial^2 } { \partial x_i\partial x_j } -\sum_ { i=1 } ^db_i\frac { \partial } { \partial x_i } \end { equation* } be a second order elliptic operator and consider the reaction-diffusion equation with Neumann boundary condition , \begin { equation* } \begin { aligned } & amp ; Lu=\Lambda u^p\ \text { in } \ \mathbb { R } ^d-D ; \\ & amp ; \nabla u\cdot \bar n=-h\ \text { on } \ \partial D ; \\ & amp ; u\ge0 \ \text { is minimal } , \end { aligned } \end { equation* } where $ p\in ( 0,1 ) $ , $ d\ge2 $ , $ h $ and $ \Lambda $ are continuous positive functions , $ D\subset R^d $ is bounded , and $ \bar n $ is the unit inward normal to the domain $ \mathbb { R } ^d-\bar D $ .	The solutions to the above equations may possess a free boundary .	When $ D=\ { |x| & lt ; R\ } $ and $ L $ and $ \Lambda $ are radially symmetric , we write the solution as $ u ( r ) $ with $ r=|x| $ and define the radius of the free boundary by $ r^* ( h ) =\inf\ { r & gt ; R : u ( r ) =0\ } $ .	We normalize the diffusion coefficient to be on unit order , consider the convection vector field to be on order $ r^m $ , $ m\in R $ , pointing either inward $ ( - ) $ or outward $ ( + ) $ , and consider the reaction coefficient $ \Lambda $ to be on order $ r^ { -j } $ , $ j\in R $ .
+2	Our focus is on the fractal dimension $ d_f $ of domain walls , which describes via $ & lt ; \ell & gt ; \simL^ { d_f } $ the growth of the average domain-wall length with % % systems size $ L\times L $ .	We study domain walls in 2d Ising spin glasses in terms of a minimum-weight path problem .	Using this approach , large systems can be treated exactly .	% % 20.07.07 OM % % Exploring systems up to L=320 we yield $ d_f=1.274 ( 2 ) $ for the case of Gaussian disorder , i.e.a much higher accuracy compared to previous studies .	For the case of bimodal disorder , where many equivalent domain walls exist due to the degeneracy of this model , we obtain a true lower bound $ d_f=1.095 ( 2 ) $ and a ( lower ) estimate $ d_f=1.395 ( 3 ) $ as upper bound .
+3	Within the highly disturbed core revealed by Chandra X-ray observations , 2A0335+096 hosts a highly structured optical emission-line system .	We present deep emission-line imaging taken with the SOAR Optical Imaging Camera of the brightest cluster galaxy ( BCG ) in the nearby ( z=0.035 ) X-ray cluster 2A0335+096 .	We analyze long-slit optical spectroscopy , archival VLA , Chandra X-ray , and XMM UV data .	2A0335+096 is a bright , cool-core X-ray cluster , once known as a cooling flow .	The redshift of the companion is within 100 km/s of the BCG and has certainly interacted with the BCG , and is likely bound to it .
+0	We present an efficient perturbative method to obtain both static and dynamic polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities of complex electronic systems .	This approach is based on the solution of a frequency dependent Sternheimer equation , within the formalism of time-dependent density functional theory , and allows the calculation of the response both in resonance and out of resonance .	Furthermore , the excellent scaling with the number of atoms opens the way to the investigation of response properties of very large molecular systems .	To demonstrate the capabilities of this method , we implemented it in a real-space ( basis-set free ) code , and applied it to benchmark molecules , namely CO , H2O , and paranitroaniline ( PNA ) .	Our results are in agreement with experimental and previous theoretical studies , and fully validate our approach .
+3	In this paper , we show that experimental measurements to date are best characterized theoretically as weighted averages of the event-by-event HBT radii , and we propose a new method for extracting experimentally both the arithmetic mean and the variance of the event-by-event distribution of HBT radii .	Hanbury-Brown -- Twiss interferometry is a technique which yields effective widths ( i.e. , `` HBT radii '' ) of homogeneity regions in the fireballs produced in heavy ion collisions .	Because the initial conditions of these collisions are stochastically fluctuating , the measured HBT radii also exhibit variation on an event-by-event basis .	However , HBT measurements have , to date , been performed only on an ensemble-averaged basis , due to inherent limitations of finite particle statistics .	We demonstrate the extraction of the mean and variance of this distribution for a particular ensemble of numerically generated events , and offer some ideas to extend and generalize the method to enable measurement of higher moments of the HBT distribution as well .
+0	We present new optical STIS HST spectroscopic observations of the jets of the proto-planetary nebula Hen 3-1475 .	The excitation conditions of the knots of Hen 3-1475 are derived from the observed optical spectra , confirming that the knots are shock excited .	The shocked spectra are qualitatively reproduced by simple `` 3/2 '' D bow shock models .	We present a set of bow shock models devoted to planetary nebulae , and discuss the effects of the pre-ionization conditions , the bow shock velocity , the bow shock shape and the chemical abundances on the predicted spectra .	To explore the reliability of the `` 3/2 '' D bow shock models , we also compare the observed spectra of other three proto-planetary nebulae ( M 1-92 , M 2-56 and CRL 618 ) to the predicted spectra .
+2	It was recently claimed that the KBOs concerned by this dynamics are presumably trapped in mean motion resonances with the suspected planet .	Statistical analysis of the orbits of distant Kuiper Belt Objects ( KBOs ) have led to suggest that an additional planet should reside in the Solar System .	According to recent models , the secular action of this body should cause orbital alignment of the KBOs .	I reinvestigate here the secular model underlying this idea .	The original analysis was done expanding and truncating the secular Hamiltonian .
+4	Because the radiative torque on an interstellar grain is determined by the overall grain geometry rather than merely the state of the grain surface , the resulting superthermal rotation is expected to be long-lived .	Irregular dust grains are subject to radiative torques when irradiated by interstellar starlight .	It is shown how these radiative torques may be calculated using the discrete dipole approximation .	Calculations are carried out for one irregular grain geometry , and three different grain sizes .	It is shown that radiative torques can play an important dynamical role in spinup of interstellar dust grains , resulting in rotation rates which may exceed even those expected from H_2 formation on the grain surface .
+4	For N=2 , a change of variables relates the gauge invariant observables at positive and negative values of beta .	We consider Wilson 's SU ( N ) lattice gauge theory ( without fermions ) at negative values of beta= 2N/g^2 and for N=2 or 3 .	We show that in the limit beta - & gt ; -infinity , the path integral is dominated by configurations where links variables are set to a nontrivial element of the center on selected non intersecting lines .	For N=2 , these configurations can be characterized by a unique gauge invariant set of variables , while for N=3 a multiplicity growing with the volume as the number of configurations of an Ising model is observed .	In general , there is a discontinuity in the average plaquette when g^2 changes its sign which prevents us from having a convergent series in g^2 for this quantity .
+3	The method achieves nearly Heisenberg-limited precision measurement , using a novel class of entangled states .	We describe a method to enhance the sensitivity of precision measurements that takes advantage of a quantum sensor 's environment to amplify its response to weak external perturbations .	An individual qubit is used to sense the dynamics of surrounding ancillary qubits , which are in turn affected by the external field to be measured .	The resulting sensitivity enhancement is determined by the number of ancillas that are coupled strongly to the sensor qubit ; it does not depend on the exact values of the coupling strengths and is resilient to many forms of decoherence .	We discuss specific applications to improve clock sensitivity using trapped ions and magnetic sensing based on electronic spins in diamond .
+4	The computation of free energies of solid phases can be extended to molecular fluids .	In this review we focus on the determination of phase diagrams by computer simulation with particular attention to the fluid-solid and solid-solid equilibria .	The calculation of the free energy of solid phases using the Einstein crystal and Einstein molecule methods are described in detail .	It is shown that for the hard spheres solid both methods yield the same results and that free energies of solid phases present noticeable finite size effects .	Finite size corrections can be introduced , although in an approximate way , to correct for the dependence of the free energy on the size of the system .
+0	We study the behavior of cohomological support loci of the canonical bundle under derived equivalence of smooth projective varieties .	This is achieved by investigating the derived invariance of a generalized version of Hochschild homology .	Furthermore , using techniques coming from birational geometry , we establish the derived invariance of the Albanese dimension for varieties having non-negative Kodaira dimension .	We apply our machinery to study the derived invariance of the holomorphic Euler characteristic and of certain Hodge numbers for special classes of varieties .	Further applications concern the behavior of particular types of fibrations under derived equivalence .
+0	We explore the possibility of constructing stable , warped two -- brane models which solve the hierarchy problem , with a bulk non -- canonical scalar field ( tachyon matter ) as the source term in the action .	Among our examples are two models -- one with a warp factor ( denoted as $ e^ { -2f ( \sigma ) } $ ) which differs from that of the standard Randall -- Sundrum by the addition of a quadratic piece in the $ f ( \sigma ) $ and another , where the warping is super-exponential .	We investigate the issue of resolution of hierarchy and perform a stability analysis by obtaining the effective inter-brane potentials , in each case .	Our analysis reveals that there does exist stable values of the modulus consistent with hierarchy resolution in both the models .	Thus , these models , in which the bulk scalar field generates the geometry and also ensures stability , provide viable alternatives to the standard Randall -- Sundrum two-brane scenario .
+0	Contribution to LP99 , International Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions , Stanford , Aug.1999 .	Summary of works done in collaboration with M. Beccaria , P. Ciafaloni , D. Comelli , G.J .	Gounaris , J. Layssac , P. Porfyriadis , S. Spagnolo , C. Verzegnassi .	We report on several works dealing with precison tests of the Standard Model ( SM ) and beyond , in the processes $ e^+e^-\to f\bar f $ ( f= lepton or quarks ) and $ \gamma\gamma \to \gamma\gamma , \gamma Z $ .	We first point out a set of remarkable properties of the SM amplitudes and observables at high energies , at tree level and at 1-loop , like `` Sudakov '' behaviour or the dominance of purely imaginary non-flip amplitudes due to the WWWW box .
+4	This solves a significant open problem and complements recent positive approximability results for the optimization problem .	A set $ G $ of points on a 1.5-dimensional terrain , also known as an $ x $ -monotone polygonal chain , is said to guard the terrain if any point on the terrain is 'seen ' by a point in $ G $ .	Two points on the terrain see each other if and only if the line segment between them is never strictly below the terrain .	The minimum terrain guarding problem asks for a minimum guarding set for the given input terrain .	We prove that the decision version of this problem is NP-hard .
+2	This paper reports a simple and intuitive statistical model based on deeper learning spatial correlation among pixels : For each observed pixel , we select a group of supporting pixels with high correlation , and then use a single Gaussian to model the intensity deviations between the observed pixel and the supporting ones .	Change detection plays an important role in most video-based applications .	The first stage is to build appropriate background model , which is now becoming increasingly complex as more sophisticated statistical approaches are introduced to cover challenging situations and provide reliable detection .	In addition , a multi-channel model updating is integrated on-line and a temporal intensity constraint for each pixel is defined .	Although this method is mainly designed for coping with sudden illumination changes , experimental results using all the video sequences provided on changedetection.net validate it is comparable with other recent methods under various situations .
+3	We have continuously revised our queue operations as we have learned from experience .	This paper presents a summary of the first 10 years of operating the Hobby-Eberly Telescope ( HET ) in queue mode .	The scheduling can be quite complex but has worked effectively for obtaining the most science possible with this uniquely designed telescope .	The queue must handle dozens of separate scientific programs , the involvement of a number of institutions with individual Telescope Allocation Committees as well as engineering and instrument commissioning .	The flexibility of the queue and the simultaneous availability of three instruments , along with a staff trained for all aspects of telescope and instrumentation operation , have allowed optimum use to be made of variable weather conditions and have proven to be especially effective at accommodating targets of opportunity and engineering tasks .
+0	Since most high- and intermediate-mass protostars are at great distance and form in clusters , high linear resolution observations are needed to investigate their physical properties .	To study the gas in the innermost region around the protostars in the proto-cluster IRAS 05358+3543 , we observed the source in several transitions of methanol and other molecular species with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer and the Submillimeter Array , reaching a linear resolution of 1100 AU .	We determine the kinetic temperature of the gas around the protostars through an LVG and LTE analysis of their molecular emission ; the column densities of CH3OH , CH3CN and SO2 are also derived .	Constrains on the density of the gas are estimated for two of the protostellar cores .	We find that the dust condensations are in various evolutionary stages .
+1	This report summarizes the outcome of a study of possible running scenarios , including a realistic estimate of the real time accumulation of integrated luminosity based on ramp-up and upgrade processes .	The ILC Technical Design Report documents the design for the construction of a linear collider which can be operated at energies up to 500 GeV .	The evolution of the physics outcomes is emphasized , including running initially at 500 GeV , then at 350 GeV and 250 GeV .	The running scenarios have been chosen to optimize the Higgs precision measurements and top physics while searching for evidence for signals beyond the standard model , including dark matter .	In addition to the certain precision physics on the Higgs and top that is the main focus of this study , there are scientific motivations that indicate the possibility for discoveries of new particles in the upcoming operations of the LHC or the early operation of the ILC .
+2	Each of these two properties characterizes $ f $ up to a renaming of its letters .	We prove that the Fibonacci word $ f $ satisfies among all characteristic Sturmian words , three interesting extremal properties .	The first concerns the length and the second the minimal period of its palindromic prefixes .	A third property concerns the number of occurrences of the letter $ b $ in its palindromic prefixes .	It characterizes uniquely $ f $ among all characteristic Sturmian words having the prefix $ abaa $ .
+0	To calculate the entropy of a subalgebra or of a channel with respect to a state , one has to solve an intriguing optimalization problem .	The latter is also the key part in the entanglement of formation concept , in which case the subalgebra is a subfactor .	I consider some general properties , valid for these definitions in finite dimensions , and apply them to a maximal commutative subalgebra of a full matrix algebra .	The main method is an interplay between convexity and symmetry .	A collection of helpful tools from convex analysis for the problems in question is collected in an appendix .
+4	By optimizing the transmit beamforming vectors at the CP and energy sharing between the CP and the RRHs , we aim at jointly minimizing the total network transmit power and the maximum capacity consumption per backhaul link .	This paper studies the resource allocation algorithm design for multiuser coordinated multipoint ( CoMP ) networks with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer ( SWIPT ) .	In particular , remote radio heads ( RRHs ) are connected to a central processor ( CP ) via capacity-limited backhaul links to facilitate CoMP joint transmission .	Besides , the CP transfers energy to the RRHs for more efficient network operation .	The considered resource allocation algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem with a minimum required signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio ( SINR ) constraint at multiple information receivers and a minimum required power transfer constraint at the energy harvesting receivers .
+3	We thereby perform a largely certified analogue quantum simulation of this strongly correlated system reaching beyond the regime of free quasiparticles .	The dynamics of quantum phase transitions poses one of the most challenging problems in modern many-body physics .	Here , we study a prototypical example in a clean and well-controlled ultracold atom setup by observing the emergence of coherence when crossing the Mott insulator to superfluid quantum phase transition .	In the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model , we find perfect agreement between experimental observations and numerical simulations for the resulting coherence length .	Experimentally , we additionally explore the emergence of coherence in higher dimensions where no classical simulations are available , as well as for negative temperatures .
+4	We propose the use of a quantum double dot as a mesoscopic threshold detector .	We propose a two-terminal method to measure shot noise in mesoscopic systems based on an instability in the current-voltage characteristic of an on-chip detector .	The microscopic noise drives the instability , which leads to random switching of the current between two values , the telegraph process .	In the Gaussian regime , the shot noise power driving the instability may be extracted from the I-V curve , with the noise power as a fitting parameter .	In the threshold regime , the extreme value statistics of the mesoscopic conductor can be extracted from the switching rates , which reorganize the complete information about the current statistics in an indirect way , `` telegraphing '' the size of a fluctuation .
+3	Potential correlations between AGN and host galaxy properties can be highlighted by observing extreme objects .	Understanding the relationship between the formation and evolution of galaxies and their central super massive black holes ( SMBH ) is one of the main topics in extragalactic astrophysics .	Links and feedback may reciprocally affect both black hole and galaxy growth .	Observations of the CO line at redshifts of 2-4 are crucial to investigate the gas mass , star formation activity and accretion onto SMBHs , as well as the effect of AGN feedback .	Despite their luminosity , hyper-luminous QSOs at z=2-4 are still little studied at mm wavelengths .
+0	We study temperature dependence of geometrical ( Fiske ) and velocity-matching ( Eck ) resonances in the flux flow state of small Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x mesa structures .	It is shown that the quality factor of resonances is high at low T , but rapidly decreases with increasing temperature already at T & gt ; 10 K. We also study T-dependencies of resonant voltages and the speed of electromagnetic waves ( the Swihart velocity ) .	Surprisingly it is observed that the Swihart velocity exhibits a flat T-dependence at low T , following T-dependence of the c-axis critical current , rather than the expected linear T-dependence of the London penetration depth .	Our data indicate that self-heating is detrimental for operation of mesas as coherent THz oscillators because it limits the emission power via suppression of the quality factor .	On the other hand , significant temperature dependence of the Swihart velocity allows broad-range tunability of the output frequency .
+2	We demonstrate that free Dirac equation can be invertibly converted to spin- $ 0 $ Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation in presence of a neutrino field .	We study fermion-boson transitions .	Our approach is based on the $ 3\times 3 $ subequations of Dirac and Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equations , which link these equations .	We also show that in special external fields , upon assuming again existence of a neutrino ( Weyl ) spinor , the Dirac equation can be transformed reversibly to spin- $ 0 $ Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation .	We argue that such boson-fermions transitions are consistent with the main channel of pion decay .
+0	New trigonometric and rational solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation ( QYBE ) are obtained by applying some singular gauge transformations to the known Belavin-Drinfeld elliptic R-matrix for $ sl ( 2 , \mathbb { C } ) $ .	These solutions are shown to be related to the standard ones by the quasi-Hopf twist .	We demonstrate that the quantum algebras arising from these new R-matrices can be obtained as special limits of the Sklyanin algebra .	A representation for these algebras by the difference operators is found .	The $ sl ( N , \mathbb { C } ) $ -case is discussed .
+4	As a result , the endomorphism ring will be almost surely prescribed , i.e. , with probability one .	The construction of torsion-free abelian groups with prescribed endomorphism rings starting with Corner 's seminal work is a well-studied subject in the theory of abelian groups .	Usually these construction work by adding elements from a ( topological ) completion in order to get rid of ( kill ) unwanted homomorphisms .	The critical part is to actually prove that every unwanted homomorphism can be killed by adding a suitable element .	We will demonstrate that some of those constructions can be significantly simplified by choosing the elements at random .
+3	Thus RBDO methods have to mix optimization algorithms together with reliability calculations .	Reliability-based design optimization ( RBDO ) has gained much attention in the past fifteen years as a way of introducing robustness in the process of designing structures and systems in an optimal manner .	Indeed classical optimization ( e.g.minimize some cost under mechanical constraints ) usually leads to solutions that lie at the boundary of the admissible domain , and that are consequently rather sensitive to uncertainty in the design parameters .	In contrast , RBDO aims at designing the system in a robust way by minimizing some cost function under reliability constraints .	The classical approach known as `` double-loop '' consists in nesting the computation of the failure probability with respect to the current design within the optimization loop .
+1	The results show that the 3.6 - 160 micron infrared properties vary systematically with integrated source power , and so demonstrate that contemporary core activity is characteristic of the behaviour of sources over their lifetimes .	We have undertaken a Spitzer campaign to measure the IR structures and spectra of low-redshift 3CRR radio galaxies .	IR synchrotron emission is seen from jets and hotspots in some cases .	Thermal emission is found from a jet/gas interaction in NGC 7385 .	Most of the near-IR integrated colours of the low-redshift 3CRR radio galaxies are similar to those of passive galaxies , so that IR colours are poor indicators of radio activity .
+3	Our main results describe asymptotics for $ \mathbb { P } ( M_ { \infty } & gt ; x ) $ as $ x\to\infty $ .	Consider a random walk $ S= ( S_n : n\geq 0 ) $ that is `` perturbed '' by a stationary sequence $ ( \xi_n : n\geq 0 ) $ to produce the process $ ( S_n+\xi_n : n\geq0 ) $ .	This paper is concerned with computing the distribution of the all-time maximum $ M_ { \infty } =\max \ { S_k+\xi_k : k\geq0\ } $ of perturbed random walk with a negative drift .	Such a maximum arises in several different applications settings , including production systems , communications networks and insurance risk .	The tail asymptotics depend greatly on whether the $ \xi_n $ 's are light-tailed or heavy-tailed .
+3	It is suggested that Pc provides a measure of stress at the Raman active units ; and its vanishing in the reversibility window suggests that these units are part of an isostatically rigid backbone .	Raman scattering from binary GexSe1-x glasses under hydrostatic pressure shows onset of a steady increase in the frequency of modes of corner-sharing GeSe4 tetrahedral units when the external pressure P exceeds a threshold value Pc .	The threshold pressure Pc ( x ) decreases with x in the 0.15 & lt ; x & lt ; 0.20 range , nearly vanishes in the 0.20 & lt ; x & lt ; 0.25 range , and then increases in the 0.25 & lt ; x & lt ; 1/3 range .	These Pc ( x ) trends closely track those in the non-reversing enthalpy , DeltaHnr ( x ) , near glass transitions ( Tgs ) , and in particular , both DeltaHnr ( x ) and Pc ( x ) vanish in the reversibility window ( 0.20 & lt ; x & lt ; 0.25 ) .	Isostaticity also accounts for the non-aging behavior of glasses observed in the reversibility window .
+1	The increasing rate of discovery has grown to ~1,000/year as surveys have become more sensitive , by 1mag every ~7.5 years .	We have used Minor Planet Center data and tools to explore the discovery circumstances and properties of the currently known population of over 10,000 NEAs , and to quantify the challenges for follow-up from ground-based telescopes .	However , discoveries of large ( H = & lt ; 22 ) NEAs have remained stable at ~365/year over the past decade , at which rate the 2005 Congressional mandate to find 90 % of 140m NEAs will not be met before 2030 .	Meanwhile , characterization is falling farther behind : Fewer than 10 % of NEAs are well characterized in terms of size , rotation periods , and spectra , and at current rates of follow-up it will take about a century to determine them even for the known population .	Over 60 % of NEAs have an orbital uncertainty parameter , U & gt ; = 4 , making reacquisition more than a year following discovery difficult ; for H & gt ; 22 this fraction is over 90 % .
+4	Khintchine 's conjectures about dynamical systems with large numbers of degrees of freedom justifies , even in the absence of ergodicity , approximately the same conclusions .	We give Sir James Jeans 's notion of 'normal state ' a mathematically precise definition .	We prove that normal cells of trajectories exist in the Hamiltonian heat-bath model of an assembly of linearly coupled oscillators that generates the Ornstein -- Uhlenbeck process in the limit of an infinite number of degrees of freedom .	This , in some special cases , verifies some far-reaching conjectures of Khintchine on the weak ergodicity of a dynamical system with a large number of degrees of freedom .	In order to estimate the theoretical auto-correlation function of a time series from the sample auto-correlation function of one of its realisations , it is usually assumed without justification that the time series is ergodic .
+2	The number of configurations of genus $ g $ follows a Poisson-like distribution .	We study the topology of fluid interfaces in the 3D Ising model in the rough phase .	It turns out that such interfaces are accurately described as dilute gases of microscopic handles , and the stiffness of the interface increases with the genus .	The probability per unit area for creating a handle is well fitted in a wide range of the inverse temperature $ \beta $ near the roughening point by an exponentially decreasing function of $ \beta $ .	The procedure of summing over all topologies results in an effective interface whose squared width scales logarithmically with the lattice size .
+3	The former are perfectly entrained with the gas and set the opacity in the disk , while the latter are allowed to respond to gas drag forces , with the back reaction on the gas taken into account .	We investigate the coupling between rock-size solids and gas during the formation of gas giant planets by disk fragmentation in the outer regions of massive disks .	In this study , we use three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamics simulations and model solids as a spatial distribution of particles .	We assume that half of the total solid fraction is in small grains and half in large solids .	To explore the maximum effects of gas-solid interactions , we first consider 10cm-size particles .
+0	The Configuration Interaction ( CI ) method using a very large Laguerre orbital basis is applied to the calculation of the He ground state .	The largest calculations included a minimum of 35 radial orbitals for each l ranging from 0 to 12 resulting in basis sets in excess of 400 orbitals .	The convergence of the energy and electron-electron delta-function with respect to J ( the maximum angular momenta of the orbitals included in the CI expansion ) were investigated in detail .	Extrapolations to the limit of infinite in angular momentum using expansions of the type Delta X_J = A_X/ ( J+1/2 ) ^p + B_X/ ( J+1/2 ) ^ ( p+1 ) + ... , gave an energy accurate to 10^ ( -7 ) Hartree and a value of & lt ; delta & gt ; accurate to about 0.5 % .	Improved estimates of & lt ; E & gt ; and & lt ; delta & gt ; , accurate to 10^ ( -8 ) Hartree and 0.01 % respectively , were obtained when extrapolations to an infinite radial basis were done prior to the determination of the J - & gt ; infty limit .
+4	Finally , a numerical simulation is made , confirming the theoretical results .	Using an asymmetric associative network with synchronous updating , it is possible to recall a sequence of patterns .	To obtain a stable sequence generation with a large storage capacity , we introduce a threshold that eliminates the contribution of weakly correlated patterns .	For this system we find a set of evolution equations for the overlaps of the states with the patterns to be recognized .	We solve these equations in the limit of the stationary cycle , and obtain the critical value of the capacity as a function of the threshold and temperature .
+1	One of the main goals of Hyper-Kamiokande is the study of $ CP $ asymmetry in the lepton sector using accelerator neutrino and anti-neutrino beams .	Hyper-Kamiokande will be a next generation underground water Cherenkov detector with a total ( fiducial ) mass of 0.99 ( 0.56 ) million metric tons , approximately 20 ( 25 ) times larger than that of Super-Kamiokande .	In this paper , the physics potential of a long baseline neutrino experiment using the Hyper-Kamiokande detector and a neutrino beam from the J-PARC proton synchrotron is presented .	The analysis uses the framework and systematic uncertainties derived from the ongoing T2K experiment .	With a total exposure of 7.5 MW $ \times $ 10 $ ^7 $ sec integrated proton beam power ( corresponding to $ 1.56\times10^ { 22 } $ protons on target with a 30 GeV proton beam ) to a $ 2.5 $ -degree off-axis neutrino beam , it is expected that the leptonic $ CP $ phase $ \delta_ { CP } $ can be determined to better than 19 degrees for all possible values of $ \delta_ { CP } $ , and $ CP $ violation can be established with a statistical significance of more than $ 3\ , \sigma $ ( $ 5\ , \sigma $ ) for $ 76\ % $ ( $ 58\ % $ ) of the $ \delta_ { CP } $ parameter space .
+0	Regression models with functional responses and covariates constitute a powerful and increasingly important model class .	However , regression with functional data poses well known and challenging problems of non-identifiability .	This non-identifiability can manifest itself in arbitrarily large errors for coefficient surface estimates despite accurate predictions of the responses , thus invalidating substantial interpretations of the fitted models .	We offer an accessible rephrasing of these identifiability issues in realistic applications of penalized linear function-on-function-regression and delimit the set of circumstances under which they are likely to occur in practice .	Specifically , non-identifiability that persists under smoothness assumptions on the coefficient surface can occur if the functional covariate 's empirical covariance has a kernel which overlaps that of the roughness penalty of the spline estimator .
+3	We give an explicit universal large deviation upper bound that is exponential in the number of scatterers .	We consider diffraction at random point scatterers on general discrete point sets in $ \R^\nu $ , restricted to a finite volume .	We allow for random amplitudes and random dislocations of the scatterers .	We investigate the speed of convergence of the random scattering measures applied to an observable towards its mean , when the finite volume tends to infinity .	The rate is given in terms of a universal function that depends on the point set only through the minimal distance between points , and on the observable only through a suitable Sobolev-norm .
+0	We construct minimum effective models to investigate the pairing symmetry in the newly discovered quasi-one-dimensional superconductor K $ _2 $ Cr $ _3 $ As $ _3 $ .	We show that a minimum three-band model based on the $ d_ { z^2 } $ , $ d_ { xy } $ and $ d_ { x^2-y^2 } $ orbitals of one Cr sublattice can capture the band structures near Fermi surfaces .	In both weak and strong coupling limits , the standard random phase approximation ( RPA ) and mean-field solutions consistently yield the triplet $ p_z $ -wave pairing as the leading pairing symmetry for physically realistic parameters .	The triplet pairing is driven by the ferromagnetic fluctuations within the sublattice .	The gap function of the pairing state possesses line gap nodes on the $ k_z=0 $ plane on the Fermi surfaces .
+4	The interacting and in particular the merging galaxies are characterized by increased far infrared ( hereafter FIR ) luminosities and temperatures that weakly correlate with the central activity .	We report on a study of tidally triggered star formation in galaxies , based on spectroscopic/photometric observations in the optical/near-IR of a magnitude limited sample of 59 systems of interacting and merging galaxies and a comparison sample of 38 normal isolated galaxies .	In contrast to results from previous investigations , our global UBV colours do not support a significant enhancement of starforming activity in the interacting/merging galaxies .	We claim that this is true also for Arp galaxies .	A moderate increase in star formation is found in the very centres of the interacting galaxies contributing marginally to the total luminosity .
+0	We review VLBI observations of supernovae over the last quarter century and discuss the prospect of imaging future supernovae with space VLBI in the context of VSOP-2 .	From thousands of discovered supernovae , most of them at cosmological distances , ~50 have been detected at radio wavelengths , most of them in relatively nearby galaxies .	All of the radio supernovae are Type II or Ib/c , which originate from the explosion of massive progenitor stars .	Of these , 12 were observed with VLBI and four of them , SN 1979C , SN 1986J , SN 1993J , and SN 1987A , could be imaged in detail , the former three with VLBI .	In addition , supernovae or young supernova remnants were discovered at radio wavelengths in highly dust-obscured galaxies , such as M82 , Arp 299 , and Arp 220 , and some of them could also be imaged in detail .
+1	The reader will learn several tools for the analysis of the extreme singular values of random matrices with independent rows or columns .	This is a tutorial on some basic non-asymptotic methods and concepts in random matrix theory .	Many of these methods sprung off from the development of geometric functional analysis since the 1970 's .	They have applications in several fields , most notably in theoretical computer science , statistics and signal processing .	A few basic applications are covered in this text , particularly for the problem of estimating covariance matrices in statistics and for validating probabilistic constructions of measurement matrices in compressed sensing .
+2	We then show that some diffeomorphisms do alter asymptotic charges of the full spacetime , even though they are defined in the near horizon limit and , therefore , count black hole states .	We analyze the near-horizon limit of a general black hole with two commuting killing vector fields in the limit of zero temperature .	We use black hole thermodynamics methods to relate asymptotic charges of the complete spacetime to those obtained in the near-horizon limit .	We show that these conditions are essentially the same as considered in the Kerr/CFT corresponcence .	From the algebra constructed from these diffeomorphisms , one can extract its central charge and then obtain the black hole entropy by use of Cardy 's formula .
+0	Let X be the set of integer points in some polyhedron .	We investigate the smallest number of facets of any polyhedron whose set of integer points is X .	This quantity , which we call the relaxation complexity of X , corresponds to the smallest number of linear inequalities of any integer program having X as the set of feasible solutions that does not use auxiliary variables .	We show that the use of auxiliary variables is essential for constructing polynomial size integer programming formulations in many relevant cases .	In particular , we provide asymptotically tight exponential lower bounds on the relaxation complexity of the integer points of several well-known combinatorial polytopes , including the traveling salesman polytope and the spanning tree polytope .
+4	Thus the proposal therein does not resolve the Pioneer anomaly , although it gives a correction term for frequencies which has the correct absolute value .	The often quoted equ .	( 15 ) in ( Anderson_ea:2002 ) defines the observed Pioneer anomaly $ a_P $ such that literal reading suggests $ \nu_ { obs } & lt ; \nu_ { mod $ ( $ \nu _ { obs } $ the observed ( Doppler ) frequency , $ \nu_ { mod } $ the one expected from a relativistic orbit model of the spacecraft ) .	Contextualized reading shows , however , that ( 15 ) is meant the other way round , $ \nu_ { obs } & gt ; \nu_ { mod } $ .	Version 1 to 4 of this paper built upon the first reading and led to a correction term for frequency shifts of wrong sign .
+4	In particular we show that they magnify the flow effects present in the blast-wave stage and significantly influence the shape of the correlation functions .	A blast-wave parametrization , including a full set of hadronic resonances , is used to model a small system , with total particle multiplicity comparable to the one measured in the high-multiplicity pp collisions at the LHC .	Calculations are preformed for three cases : with negligible , regular and strong radial flow on the blast-wave hypersurface .	We investigate the effects of flow on inclusive p_T spectra as well as on 1D and 3D femtoscopic radii for pions .	Special emphasis is put on the role of pions from resonance decays .
+2	In the discussion of the feasibility of the method , assumptions on the properties of a future detector for an e+ e- linear collider such as TESLA are used .	The prospects for the measurement of the pseudoscalar admixture in the h-tau-tau coupling to a Standard Model Higgs boson of 120 GeV mass are discussed in a quantitative manner e+ e- collisions of 350 GeV centre-of-mass energy .	Specific angular distributions in the h -- & gt ; tau tau ; tau -- & gt ; rho nu decay chain can be used to probe mixing angles of scalar -- pseudoscalar h-tau-tau couplings .	The Standard Model Higgsstrahlung production process is taken as an example .	For the expected performance of a typical Linear Collider set-up , the sensitivity of a measurement of the scalar -- pseudoscalar mixing angle turned out to be 6 degree .
+3	A numerical exploration of these control landscapes is achieved by generating many random Hamiltonians which include a term quadratic in a single control field .	We investigate the control landscapes of closed , finite level quantum systems beyond the dipole approximation by including a polarizability term in the Hamiltonian .	Theoretical analysis is presented for the $ n $ level case and formulas for singular controls , which are candidates for landscape traps , are compared to their analogues in the dipole approximation .	A numerical analysis of the existence of traps in control landscapes beyond the dipole approximation is made in the four level case .	The landscapes of such systems are found numerically to be trap free in general .
+0	We study the Dirichlet spectrum of the Laplace operator on geodesic balls centred at a pole of spherically symmetric manifolds .	We first derive a Hadamard -- type formula for the dependence of the first eigenvalue $ \lambda_ { 1 } $ on the radius $ r $ of the ball , which allows us to obtain lower and upper bounds for $ \lambda_ { 1 } $ in specific cases .	For the sphere and hyperbolic space , these bounds are asymptotically sharp as $ r $ approaches zero and we see that while in two dimensions $ \lambda_ { 1 } $ is bounded from above by the first two terms in the asymptotics for small $ r $ , for dimensions four and higher the reverse inequality holds .	In the general case we derive the asymptotic expansion of $ \lambda_ { 1 } $ for small radius and determine the first three terms explicitly .	For compact manifolds we carry out similar calculations as the radius of the geodesic ball approaches the diameter of the manifold .
+1	The literature on AdaBoost focuses on classifier margins and boosting 's interpretation as the optimization of an exponential likelihood function .	There is a large literature explaining why AdaBoost is a successful classifier .	These existing explanations , however , have been pointed out to be incomplete .	A random forest is another popular ensemble method for which there is substantially less explanation in the literature .	We introduce a novel perspective on AdaBoost and random forests that proposes that the two algorithms work for similar reasons .
+2	Based on our earlier work , we give a precise formula for the intersection cohomology pairing and provide a method to calculate pairings on the partial resolution of singularities of M ( n , d ) .	This paper studies intersection theory on the compactified moduli space M ( n , d ) of holomorphic bundles of rank n and degree d over a fixed compact Riemann surface of genus g & gt ; 1 where n and d may have common factors .	Because of the presence of singularities we work with the intersection cohomology groups defined by Goresky and MacPherson and the ordinary cohomology groups of a certain partial resolution of singularities of M ( n , d ) .	The case when n=2 is discussed in detail .	Finally Witten 's integral is considered for this singular case .
+1	The long-range supercurrent , taking place on the length scale of the normal metal coherence length , will be maintained by equal-spin triplet pairs , which can be generated by magnetic inhomogeneities in the system .	By now it is known that in an s-wave superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor ( $ SFS $ ) structure the supercurrent induced by spin singlet pairs can only transmit a short distance of the order of magnetic coherence length .	In this paper , we show an unusual long-range supercurrent , which can take place in clean $ SF_1F_2S $ junction with non-parallel orientation of magnetic moments .	The mechanism behind the enhancement of Josephson current is provided by the interference of the opposite-spin triplet states derived from $ S/F_1 $ and $ F_2/S $ interfaces when both ferromagnetic layers have the same values of the length and exchange field .	This finds can provide a natural explanation for recent experiment [ Robinson et al. , Phys.Rev.Lett .
+2	This makes it plausible that the Sherrington - Kirkpatrick model may be able to capture some of the relevant physics of these systems .	We study hysteretic phenomena in random ferromagnets .	We argue that the angle dependent magnetostatic ( dipolar ) terms introduce frustration and long range interactions in these systems .	We use scaling arguments , replica calculations and large scale numerical simulations to characterize the hysteresis of the zero temperature SK model .	By constructing the distribution functions of the avalanche sizes , magnetization jumps and local fields , we conclude that the system exhibits self-organized criticality everywhere on the hysteresis loop .
+0	We present the measurement of two event samples induced by atmospheric $ \nu_\mu $ of average energy $ \bar { E } _\nu \sim 4 GeV $ .	In the first sample , the neutrino interacts inside the MACRO detector producing an upward-going muon leaving the apparatus .	The ratio of the number of observed to expected events is $ 0.57 \pm0.05_ { stat } \pm0.06_ { syst } \pm0.14_ { theor } $ with an angular distribution similar to that expected from the Bartol atmospheric neutrino flux .	The second is a mixed sample of internally produced downward-going muons and externally produced upward-going muons stopping inside the detector .	These two subsamples are selected by topological criteria ; the lack of timing information makes it impossible to distinguish stopping from downgoing muons .
+3	It is known that the NP-complete problem of determining whether a given graph G has treewidth at most k admits no polynomial-time preprocessing algorithm that reduces any input instance to size polynomial in k , unless NP is in coNP/poly and the polynomial hierarchy collapses to its third level .	The notion of treewidth plays an important role in theoretical and practical studies of graph problems .	It has been recognized that , especially in practical environments , when computing the treewidth of a graph it is invaluable to first apply an array of preprocessing rules that simplify and shrink it .	This work seeks to prove rigorous performance guarantees for such preprocessing rules , both known and new ones , by studying them in the framework of kernelization from parameterized complexity .	In this paper we therefore consider structural graph measures larger than treewidth , and determine whether efficient preprocessing can shrink the instance size to a polynomial in such a parameter value .
+1	This makes more explicit the approximations involved and enables an immediate extension to the three-quark case .	In this paper we give a new derivation of the quark-antiquark potential in the Wilson loop context .	In the $ q\overline { q } $ case we find the same semirelativistic potential obtained in preceding papers but for a question of ordering .	In the $ 3q $ case we find a spin dependent potential identical to that already derived in the literature from the ad hoc and non correct assumption of scalar confinement .	Furthermore we obtain the correct form of the spin independent potential up to the $ 1/m^2 $ order .
+4	Einstein 's 1907 breakthrough was to consider Galileo 's law of free fall as a powerful argument in favor of expanding the principle of relativity to systems moving non-uniformly relative to each other .	Between 1905 and 1907 , Einstein first tried to extend the special theory of relativity in such a way so as to explain gravitational phenomena .	This was the most natural and simplest path to be taken .	These investigations did not fit in with Galileo 's law of free fall .	This law , which may also be formulated as the law of the equality of inertial and gravitational mass , was illuminating Einstein , and he suspected that in it must lie the key to a deeper understanding of inertia and gravitation .
+4	Under those circumstances , k-essence signals can escape from the black hole .	We perform numerical simulations of the gravitational collapse of a k-essence scalar field .	When the field is sufficiently strongly gravitating , a black hole forms .	However , the black hole has two horizons : a light horizon ( the ordinary black hole horizon ) and a sound horizon that traps k-essence .	In certain cases the k-essence signals can travel faster than light and the sound horizon is inside the light horizon .
+4	For a range of light-mass , particle-unstable nuclear targets , scattering cross sections as well as the spectra of the compound nuclei formed have been determined from calculations that do and do not consider particle emission widths for nuclear states .	The physics of radioactive ion beams implies the description of weakly-bound nuclear systems .	One key aspect concerns the coupling to low-lying collective-type excited states , which for these systems might not be stable levels , but particle emitting resonances .	In this work we describe how the scattering cross section and compound spectra change when the colliding fragments have such collective excitations featuring particle emission .	We explore this question in the framework of a multi-channel algebraic scattering method of determining nucleon-nucleus cross sections at low energies .
+1	2005 ; hereafter Paper I ) , we have presented spectra of 64 active , 9 normal and 5 Starburst galaxies in the region around the near-IR Calcium triplet absorption lines and the [ SIII ] 9069 line .	In a former paper ( Garcia-Rissmann et al .	In the present paper we analyze the CaT strength ( WCaT ) , and kinematical products derived in that study , namely stellar and ionized gas velocity dispersions .	Our main results may be summarized as follows : ( 1 ) Seyfert 2s show no sign of dilution in WCaT with respect to the values spanned by normal galaxies , even when optical absorption lines such as the CaII K band at 3933 A are much weaker than in old , bulge-like stellar populations .	( 2 ) The location of Seyfert 2s in the WCaT-WCaK plane is consistent with evolutionary synthesis models .
+2	On this approximate eigenbasis the eigenvalues of the covariance function can be expressed as simple functions of the spectral density of the Gaussian process , which allows the GP inference to be solved under a computational cost scaling as $ \mathcal { O } ( nm^2 ) $ ( initial ) and $ \mathcal { O } ( m^3 ) $ ( hyperparameter learning ) with $ m $ basis functions and $ n $ data points .	This paper proposes a novel scheme for reduced-rank Gaussian process regression .	The method is based on an approximate series expansion of the covariance function in terms of an eigenfunction expansion of the Laplace operator in a compact subset of $ \mathbb { R } ^d $ .	The approach also allows for rigorous error analysis with Hilbert space theory , and we show that the approximation becomes exact when the size of the compact subset and the number of eigenfunctions go to infinity .	The expansion generalizes to Hilbert spaces with an inner product which is defined as an integral over a specified input density .
+0	LinkedIn has grown to become a platform hosting diverse sources of information ranging from member profiles , jobs , professional groups , slideshows etc .	Given the existence of multiple sources , when a member issues a query like `` software engineer '' , the member could look for software engineer profiles , jobs or professional groups .	To tackle this problem , we exploit a data-driven approach that extracts searcher intents from their profile data and recent activities at a large scale .	The intents such as job seeking , hiring , content consuming are used to construct features to personalize federated search experience .	We tested the approach on the LinkedIn homepage and A/B tests show significant improvements in member engagement .
+0	Anomalous and spin Hall effects are investigated theoretically for a magnetic tunnel junction where the applied voltage produces a Rashba spin-or bit coupling within the tunneling barrier layer .	The ferromagnetic electrodes are the source of the spin-polarized current .	The tunneling electrons experience a spin-orbit coupling inside the barrier due to the applied electrical field .	Charge and spin Hall currents are calculated as functions of the position inside the barrier and the angle between the magnetizations of the electrodes .	We find that both charge and spin Hall currents are located inside the barrier near the in terfaces .
+2	We found that the MBP equation of state shows a very good quantitative agreement with the exact solution .	Following previous work ( JCP 134 , 201103 ( 2011 ) ) , the replica exchange Monte Carlo technique is used to produce the equation of state of hard 1:5 aspect-ratio oblate ellipsoids for a wide density range .	Here , in addition to the analytical approximation of the overlap distance given by Berne and Pechukas ( BP ) and the exact numerical solution of Perram and Wertheim , we tested a simple modification of the original BP approximation ( MBP ) which corrects the known T-shape mismatch of BP for all aspect-ratios .	The MBP analytical expression allowed us to study size effects on the previously reported results .	For the thermodynamic limit , we estimated the exact 1:5 hard ellipsoid isotropic-nematic transition at the volume fraction 0.343 ( 3 ) , and the nematic-solid transition in the volume fraction interval 0.592 ( 6 ) -0.634 ( 8 ) .
+3	We report the detection of a dust trap in the disk around the star Oph IRS 48 using observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array ( ALMA ) .	The statistics of discovered exoplanets suggest that planets form efficiently .	However , there are fundamental unsolved problems , such as excessive inward drift of particles in protoplanetary disks during planet formation .	Recent theories invoke dust traps to overcome this problem .	The 0.44-millimeter-wavelength continuum map shows high-contrast crescent-shaped emission on one side of the star originating from millimeter-sized grains , whereas both the mid-infrared image ( micrometer-sized dust ) and the gas traced by the carbon monoxide 6-5 rotational line suggest rings centered on the star .
+4	There , we find that the substructure analysis -- in particular the combination of a subjet asymmetry cut with the requirement on the number of tracks within a jet -- induces a mass scale where the dominant partonic subprocess in the background changes from $ pp \to g \ ! +\ !	Jet substructure techniques such as subjet $ p_T $ -asymmetry , mass-drop , and grooming have become powerful and widely used tools in experimental searches at the LHC .	While these tools provide much-desired handles to separate signal from background , they can introduce unexpected mass scales into the analysis .	These scales may be misinterpreted as excesses if these are not correctly incorporated into background modeling .	As an example , we study the ATLAS hadronic di- $ W/Z $ resonance search .
+0	One of the biggest challenges in Multimedia information retrieval and understanding is to bridge the semantic gap by properly modeling concept semantics in context .	The presence of out of vocabulary ( OOV ) concepts exacerbates this difficulty .	To address the semantic gap issues , we formulate a problem on learning contextualized semantics from descriptive terms and propose a novel Siamese architecture to model the contextualized semantics from descriptive terms .	By means of pattern aggregation and probabilistic topic models , our Siamese architecture captures contextualized semantics from the co-occurring descriptive terms via unsupervised learning , which leads to a concept embedding space of the terms in context .	Furthermore , the co-occurring OOV concepts can be easily represented in the learnt concept embedding space .
+4	Products of the failed deflagration quickly reach the stellar surface , polluting and strongly disturbing it .	We present a detonating failed deflagration model of Type Ia supernovae .	In this model , the thermonuclear explosion of a massive white dwarf follows an off-center deflagration .	We conduct a survey of asymmetric ignition configurations initiated at various distances from the stellar center .	In all cases studied , we find that only a small amount of stellar fuel is consumed during deflagration phase , no explosion is obtained , and the released energy is mostly wasted on expanding the progenitor .
+4	The 'concordance ' LCDM model is still a good fit when there is just a 'step ' in the spectrum .	Detailed analyses of the WMAP data indicate possible oscillatory features in the primordial curvature perturbation , which moreover appears to be suppressed beyond the present Hubble radius .	Such deviations from the usual inflationary expectation of an approximately Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum are expected in the supergravity-based 'multiple inflation ' model wherein phase transitions during inflation induce sudden changes in the mass of the inflaton , thus interrupting its slow-roll .	In a previous paper we calculated the resulting curvature perturbation and showed how the oscillations arise .	Here we perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting exercise using the 3-year WMAP data to determine how the fitted cosmological parameters vary when such a primordial spectrum is used as an input , rather than the usually assumed power-law spectrum .
+4	The notation is generalized to include miscut angles , and can be adapted to other multi-valley systems .	This paper details a complete formalism for calculating electron subband energy and degeneracy in strained multi-valley quantum wells grown along any orientation with explicit results for the AlAs quantum well case .	A standardized rotation matrix is defined to transform from the conventional- cubic-cell basis to the quantum-well-transport basis whereby effective mass tensors , valley vectors , strain matrices , anisotropic strain ratios , and scattering vectors are all defined in their respective bases .	The specific cases of ( 001 ) - , ( 110 ) - , and ( 111 ) -oriented aluminum arsenide ( AlAs ) quantum wells are examined , as is the unconventional ( 411 ) facet , which is of particular importance in AlAs literature .	Calculations of electron confinement and strain in the ( 001 ) , ( 110 ) , and ( 411 ) facets determine the critical well width for crossover from double- to single-valley degeneracy in each system .
+0	We report on the discovery of the shortest period binary comprising a hot subdwarf star ( CD-30 11223 , GALEX J1411-3053 ) and a massive unseen companion .	Photometric data from the All Sky Automated Survey show ellipsoidal variations of the hot subdwarf primary and spectroscopic series revealed an orbital period of 70.5 minutes .	The large velocity amplitude suggests the presence of a massive white dwarf in the system ( M_2/M_sun & gt ; 0.77 ) assuming a canonical mass for the hot subdwarf ( 0.48 M_sun ) , although a white dwarf mass as low as 0.75 M_sun is allowable by postulating a subdwarf mass as low as 0.44 M_sun .	The amplitude of ellipsoidal variations and a high rotation velocity imposed a high-inclination to the system ( i & gt ; 68 deg ) and , possibly , observable secondary transits ( i & gt ; 74 deg ) .	At the lowest permissible inclination and assuming a subdwarf mass of ~0.48 M_sun , the total mass of the system reaches the Chandrasekhar mass limit at 1.35 M_sun and would exceed it for a subdwarf mass above 0.48 M_sun .
+1	Then the classical theorem of Frobenius would characterize the complete integrability of a vector sub-bundle of the tangent bundle by a zero curvature tensor in the sense of our definition here .	We make evident a curvature tensor for every vector sub-bundle of an arbitrary manifold tangent bundle which reduces to the curvature tensor of an Ehresmann connection in the case of the horizontal sub-bundle of the tangent bundle to the total space of the nonlinear fiber bundle on which the connection is defined .	A basic tool is a result about the curvature tensor of the natural lift of the vector sub-bundle to a manifold of maps with values in the base of that sub-bundle .	Another is a localization property for a Lie algebra of vector fields over this manifold of maps.These allow to prove an additive formula for the curvature tensors of two supplementary sub-bundles .	The main result consists in identifying a natural linear parallel transport on a supplementary vector sub-bundle along any tangent path to the vector sub-bundle under study , which is the right generalization of a linear connection parallel transport on a vector bundle along the projection in the base of that path .
+4	We show how accidental global or discrete symmetries present in the full gauge invariant Lagrangian restrict baryon number violating processes in these models .	In unification models based on SU ( 15 ) or SU ( 16 ) , baryon number is part of the gauge symmetry , broken spontaneously .	In such models , we discuss various scenarios of important baryon number violating processes like proton decay and neutron-antineutron oscillation .	Our analysis depends on the effective operator method , and covers many variations of symmetry breaking , including different intermediate groups and different Higgs boson content .	We discuss processes mediated by gauge bosons and Higgs bosons parallely .
+3	The use of bootstrap rather than asymptotic distributions in the composite likelihood framework is explored .	The role played by the composite analogue of the log likelihood ratio in hypothesis testing and in setting confidence regions is not as prominent as it is in the canonical likelihood setting , since its asymptotic distribution depends on the unknown parameter .	Approximate pivots based on the composite log likelihood ratio can be derived by using asymptotic arguments .	However , the actual distribution of such pivots may differ considerably from the asymptotic reference , leading to tests and confidence regions whose levels are distant from the nominal ones .	Prepivoted tests and confidence sets based on a suitable statistic turn out to be accurate and computationally appealing inferential tools .
+4	Assuming the ground category $ \mathcal { G } $ has a set of generators satisfying a certain vanishing property , we also show that there is a recollement relating $ \mathcal { D } ( \mathcal { AC } ) $ to the ( also compactly generated ) derived category $ \mathcal { D } ( \mathcal { G } ) $ .	A natural generalization of locally noetherian and locally coherent categories leads us to define locally type $ FP_ { \infty } $ categories .	They include not just all categories of modules over a ring , but also the category of sheaves over any concentrated scheme .	In this setting we generalize and study the absolutely clean objects recently introduced in a paper of Bravo-Gillespie-Hovey .	We show that $ \mathcal { D } ( \mathcal { AC } ) $ , the derived category of absolutely clean objects , is always compactly generated and that it is embedded in $ K ( Inj ) $ , the chain homotopy category of injectives , as a full subcategory containing the DG-injectives .
+1	Comparison with the CO rotational lines measures gives the same combination of constants obtained from the comparison fine structure line of singly ionised carbon , [ CII ] .	We compare the redshifts of neutral carbon and carbon monoxide in the redshifted sources in which the fine structure transition of neutral carbon , [ CI ] , has been detected , in order to measure space-time variation of the fundamental constants .	However , neutral carbon has the distinct advantage that it may be spatially coincident with the carbon monoxide , whereas [ CII ] could be located in the diffuse medium between molecular clouds , and so any comparison with CO could be dominated by intrinsic velocity differences .	Using [ CI ] , we obtain a mean variation of dF/F = ( -3.6 +/- 8.5 ) x 10^-5 , over z = 2.3 - 4.1 , for the eight [ CI ] systems , which degrades to ( -1.5+/- 11 ) x 10^-5 , over z = 2.3 - 6.4 when the two [ CII ] systems are included .	That is , zero variation over look-back times of 10.8-12.8 Gyr .
+3	The classical model displays accelerated expansion ending in a Big Rip .	It is known that certain quantum cosmological models present quantum behavior for large scale factors .	Since quantization can suppress past singularities , it is natural to inquire whether quantum effects can prevent future singularities .	To this end , a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker quantum cosmological model dominated by a phantom energy fluid is investigated .	The quantization is performed in three different ways , which turn out to lead to the same result , namely there is a possibility that quantum gravitational effects could not remove the Big Rip .
+4	Firstly , we calculate exactly the probability generating function of the GFPT and FRT based on the self-similar structure of the PSFW .	In this paper , we study random walks on a small-world scale-free network , also called as pseudofractal scale-free web ( PSFW ) , and analyze the volatilities of first passage time ( FPT ) and first return time ( FRT ) by using the variance and the reduced moment as the measures .	Note that the FRT and FPT are deeply affected by the starting or target site .	We do n't intend to enumerate all the possible cases and analyze them .	We only study the volatilities of FRT for a given hub ( i.e. , node with highest degree ) and the volatilities of the global FPT ( GFPT ) to a given hub , which is the average of the FPTs for arriving at a given hub from any possible starting site selected randomly according to the equilibrium distribution of the Markov chain .
+2	Alternative approaches to stochastic time dependence can be used to construct a physical picture of the measurement process that is less misleading than collapse models .	A relativistic version of the ( consistent or decoherent ) histories approach to quantum theory is developed on the basis of earlier work by Hartle , and used to discuss relativistic forms of the paradoxes of spherical wave packet collapse , Bohm 's formulation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen , and Hardy 's paradox .	It is argued that wave function collapse is not needed for introducing probabilities into relativistic quantum mechanics , and in any case should never be thought of as a physical process .	In particular , one can employ a coarse-grained but fully quantum mechanical description in which particles move along trajectories , with behavior under Lorentz transformations the same as in classical relativistic physics , and detectors are triggered by particles reaching them along such trajectories .	States entangled between spacelike separate regions are also legitimate quantum descriptions , and can be consistently handled by the formalism presented here .
+2	For the inclusive electron scattering the relativistic Green 's function approach is compared with calculations based on the use of relativistic purely real mean field potentials in the final state .	Relativistic models developed for the exclusive and inclusive quasielastic ( QE ) electron scattering have been extended to charged-current ( CC ) and neutral-current ( NC ) neutrino-nucleus scattering .	Different descriptions of final-state interactions ( FSI ) are compared .	Both approaches lead to a redistribution of the strength but conserving the total flux .	Results for the differential cross section at different energies are presented .
+3	A theoretical analysis evaluates the sensitivity of the proposed sensor , which is assumed to operate in the region of self-excited oscillations , and the results are compared with the experimental data .	A fully on-fiber optomechanical cavity is fabricated by patterning a suspended metallic mirror on the tip of an optical fiber .	Optically induced self-excited oscillations of the suspended mirror are experimentally demonstrated .	We discuss the feasibility of employing on-fiber optomechanical cavities for sensing applications .	Moreover , the sensitivity that is obtained in the region of self-excited oscillations is theoretically compared with the sensitivity that is achievable when forced oscillations are driven by applying an oscillatory external force .
+4	From the blue emission lines we measure a gas-phase oxygen abundance consistent with solar ( 12+log ( O/H ) =8.8 +/- 0.2 ) .	We take advantage of gravitational lensing amplification by Abell 1689 ( z=0.187 ) to undertake the first space-based census of emission line galaxies ( ELGs ) in the field of a massive lensing cluster .	Forty-three ELGs are identified to a flux of i_775=27.3 via slitless grism spectroscopy .	One ELG ( at z=0.7895 ) is very bright owing to lensing magnification by a factor of ~4.5 .	Several Balmer emission lines detected from ground-based follow-up spectroscopy signal the onset of a major starburst for this low-mass galaxy ( M_* = 2 x 10^9 solar masses ) with a high specific star formation rate ( ~20 /Gyr ) .
+4	We compute the expected flux of the population of orphan afterglows in the mm , optical and X-ray bands through a population synthesis code of GRBs and the standard afterglow emission model .	Gamma Ray Bursts are detectable in the gamma-ray band if their jets are oriented towards the observer .	However , for each GRB with a typical theta_jet , there should be ~2/theta_jet^2 bursts whose emission cone is oriented elsewhere in space .	These off-axis bursts can be eventually detected when , due to the deceleration of their relativistic jets , the beaming angle becomes comparable to the viewing angle .	Orphan Afterglows ( OA ) should outnumber the current population of bursts detected in the gamma-ray band even if they have not been conclusively observed so far at any frequency .
+4	The QDS is a homogeneous , isotropic , equivalent `` continuous '' and `` empty '' ( no net electric charge , no net color charge , no gravitational force field since the gravitational potential is the same at any physical point in the QDS ) perfect vacuum model .	The Big Bang theory can not and does not provide any explanation for the primordial hot and dense initial condition .	In order to give an explanation for the cause of the Big Bang , this paper expands the original Dirac sea ( which includes only electrons ) to the quark Dirac sea ( QDS ) including quarks ( u and d ) for producing the Big Bang with quark energy .	The QDS is composed of `` relatively infinite '' u-quarks and d-quarks as well as electrons with negative energy in the vacuum .	A huge number of domains with sizes much smaller than $ 10^ { -18 } $ m of the body-central cubic quark lattice with a lattice constant `` a '' = Planck length ( $ 1.62\times10^ { -35 } m $ ) are distributed randomly over the QDS .
+1	Based on recent results on accretion at super critical rates in slim disk models , estimates of natal kicks , and the results regarding fallback in supernova models , we obtain the black hole spin and misalignment .	The evolution of the spin and tilt of black holes in compact black hole - neutron star and black hole - black hole binary systems is investigated within the framework of the coalescing compact star binary model for short gamma ray bursts via the population synthesis method .	It is found that the spin parameter , a_spin } , is less than 0.5 for initially non rotating black holes and the tilt angle , i_tilt , is less than 45 deg for 50 % of the systems in black hole - neutron star binaries .	Upon comparison with the results of black hole - neutron star merger calculations we estimate that only a small fraction ( ~ 0.01 ) of these systems can lead to the formation of a torus surrounding the coalesced binary potentially producing a short-hard gamma ray burst .	On the other hand , for high initial black hole spin parameters ( a_spin & gt ; 0.6 ) this fraction can be significant ( ~ 0.4 ) .
+4	The beauty jets are required to satisfy $ 2 & lt ; \eta & lt ; 4 $ , $ E_ { \rm T } & gt ; 20 $ GeV , and have an opening angle in the transverse plane $ \Delta\phi & gt ; 2.6 $ rad .	The difference in the angular distributions between beauty quarks and antiquarks , referred to as the charge asymmetry , is measured for the first time in $ b\bar { b } $ pair production at a hadron collider .	The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.0fb $ ^ { -1 } $ collected at 7TeV center-of-mass energy in proton-proton collisions with the LHCb detector .	The measurement is performed in three regions of the invariant mass of the $ b\bar { b } $ system .	The results obtained are : \begin { eqnarray } A_ { C } ^ { b\bar { b } } ( 40 & lt ; M_ { b\bar { b } } & lt ; 75\ , \rm { GeV/c^2 } ) & amp ; = & amp ; 0.4 \pm 0.4 ( \rm { stat } ) \pm 0.3 ( \rm { syst } ) \ % \newline A_ { C } ^ { b\bar { b } } ( 75 & lt ; M_ { b\bar { b } } & lt ; 105\ , \rm { GeV/c^2 } ) & amp ; = & amp ; 2.0 \pm 0.9 ( \rm { stat } ) \pm 0.6 ( \rm { syst } ) \ % \newline A_ { C } ^ { b\bar { b } } ( M_ { b\bar { b } } & gt ; 105\ , \rm { GeV/c^2 } ) & amp ; = & amp ; 1.6 \pm 1.7 ( \rm { stat } ) \pm 0.6 ( \rm { syst } ) \ % \end { eqnarray } where $ A_ { C } ^ { b\bar { b } } $ is defined as the asymmetry in the difference in rapidity between jets formed from the beauty quark and antiquark .
+2	( 1996 ) also report the positions for 15 supersoft X-ray sources and the blackbody fit results for the brightest of these sources .	The nearby Andromeda galaxy ( M31 ) has been observed with the ROSAT PSPC in a mosaic of 6 pointings with 25 ksec each .	In the paper describing the results on the total sample of detected sources , Supper et al .	We report here in more detail on the X-ray spectral characteristics of all these 15 supersoft X-ray sources .	Optical multi-colour photometric data obtained in 1990 at the Michigan- Dartmouth-MIT Observatory at Kitt Peak were used originally in the selection process of the supersoft sources , and are the basis for the finding charts given here for most selected X-ray sources .
+3	We believe , however , that in a number of topics the non-matricial approach gives a more elegant and transparent theory .	As is known , there exists an alternative , `` non-matricial '' way to present basic notions and results of quantum functional analysis ( = operator space theory ) .	This approach is based on considering , instead of matrix spaces , a single space , consisting , roughly speaking , of vectors from the initial linear space equipped with coefficients taken from some good operator algebra .	It seems that so far there was no systematical exposition of the theory in the framework of the non-matricial approach .	In this paper we introduce , using only the non-matricial language , both quantum versions of the classical ( Grothendieck ) projective tensor product of normed spaces .
+1	Our multi-band observations span the range in time over which this so-called Li-Paczynski mini-supernova could be active , beginning within 3 hours of the GRB trigger , and represent some of the deepest and most comprehensive searches for such emission .	We present results of an extensive observing campaign of the short duration , hard spectrum gamma-ray burst ( GRB ) 070724A , aimed at detecting the radioactively-powered emission that might follow from a binary merger or collapse involving compact objects .	We find no evidence for such activity and place limits on the abundances and the lifetimes of the possible radioactive nuclides that could form in the rapid decompression of nuclear-density matter .	Furthermore , our limits are significantly fainter than the peak magnitude of any previously detected broad-lined Type Ic supernova ( SN ) associated with other GRBs , effectively ruling out a long GRB-like SN for with this event .	Given the unambiguous redshift of the host galaxy ( z=0.456 ) , GRB 070724A represents one of a small , but growing , number of short-hard GRBs for which firm physical/restframe quantities currently exist .
+3	These softenings are due to a tensile stress via the piezoelectric effect .	Micro-Raman spectroscopy has been used to study lattice dynamics associated with the ferroelectric domains of a BiFeO $ _3 $ single crystal at low temperature .	The phonon assignment shows a large frequency splitting between the transverse and longitudinal components of the A $ _1 $ phonon mode related to the Bi-O bonds in contrast with thin films where the splitting is negligible .	Applying an external electric field induces frequency shifts of the low energy modes related to the Bi-O bonds .	We give estimates of the phonon deformation potentials .
+0	Search in cyclic AND/OR graphs was traditionally known to be an unsolved problem .	In the recent past several important studies have been reported in this domain .	In this paper , we have taken a fresh look at the problem .	First , a new and comprehensive theoretical framework for cyclic AND/OR graphs has been presented , which was found missing in the recent literature .	Based on this framework , two best-first search algorithms , S1 and S2 , have been developed .
+0	In a laboratory experiment , round by round , individual interactions should lead to the social evolutionary rotation in population strategy state space .	Successive switching the incentive parameter should lead to successive change of the rotation -- -- both of its direction and its strength .	In data from a switching payoff matrix experiment of extended 2x2 games ( Binmore , Swierzbinski and Proulx , 2001 [ 1 ] ) , we find the changing of the social evolutionary rotation can be distinguished quantitatively .	The evolutionary rotation can be captured by evolutionary dynamics .	With eigenvalue from the Jacobian of a constrained replicator dynamics model , an interpretation for observed rotation strength is given .
+3	This is closely related to an earlier result of A. Okounkov for the Gelfand-Cetlin polytopes of the symplectic group .	Let G be a connected reductive algebraic group .	We prove that the string parametrization of a crystal basis for a finite dimensional irreducible representation of G extends to a natural valuation on the field of rational functions on the flag variety G/B , which is a highest term valuation corresponding to a coordinate system on a Bott-Samelson variety .	This shows that the string polytopes associated to irreducible representations , can be realized as Newton-Okounkov bodies for the flag variety .	As a corollary we recover a multiplicativity property of the canonical basis due to P. Caldero .
+1	The crossover frequency between weak and strong phonon scattering is controlled by the coordination and shifts to zero as the system is decompressed towards the critical packing fraction at which rigidity is lost .	We calculate numerically the normal modes of vibrations in 3D jammed packings of soft spheres as a function of the packing fraction and obtain the energy diffusivity , a spectral measure of transport that controls sound propagation and thermal conductivity .	Below the crossover , the diffusivity displays a power-law divergence with inverse frequency , which suggests that the vibrational modes are primarily transverse waves , weakly scattered by disorder .	Above it , a large number of modes appear whose diffusivity plateaus at a nearly constant value independent of the inter-particle potential , before dropping to zero above the Anderson localization frequency .	The thermal conductivity of a marginally jammed solid just above the rigidity threshold is calculated and related to the one measured experimentally at room temperature for most glasses .
+1	Beginning with four-dimensional solutions of the Einstein-massless scalar field theory in the canonical frame we first rewrite the corresponding solutions in the string frame .	Solutions to the equations of motion of the low energy , effective field theory emerging out of compactified heterotic string theory are constructed by making use of the well-known duality symmetries .	Thereafter , using the T and S duality symmetries of the low energy string effective action we arrive at the corresponding uncharged , electrically charged and magnetically charged solutions .	Brief comments on the construction of dual versions of the Kerr-Sen type using the dilatonic Kerr solution as the seed are also included .	Thereafter , we verify the status of the energy conditions for the solutions in the string frame .
+2	We show that on $ \mathbf { C } ^d $ , the uniform POVM ( the most symmetric POVM ) can be sparsified , i.e.approximated by a discrete POVM , the latter having only $ O ( d^2 ) $ outcomes .	In this paper , we establish a connection between zonoids ( a concept from classical convex geometry ) and the distinguishability norms associated to quantum measurements , or POVMs ( Positive Operator-Valued Measures ) , recently introduced in quantum information theory .	This correspondence allows us to state and prove the POVM version of classical results from the local theory of Banach spaces about the approximation of zonoids by zonotopes .	We also show that similar ( but weaker ) approximation results actually hold for any POVM on $ \mathbf { C } ^d $ .	By defining an appropriate notion of tensor product for zonoids , we are then able to extend our results to the multipartite setting : we show , roughly speaking , that local POVMs may be sparsified locally .
+0	We investigate the evolution of 5 granular-scale magnetic flux cancellations just outside the moat region of a sunspot by using accurate spectropolarimetric measurements and G-band images with the Solar Optical Telescope aboard Hinode .	The opposite polarity magnetic elements approach a junction of the intergranular lanes and then they collide with each other there .	The intergranular junction has strong red shifts , darker intensities than the regular intergranular lanes , and surface converging flows .	This clearly confirms that the converging and downward convective motions are essential for the approaching process of the opposite-polarity magnetic elements .	However , motion of the approaching magnetic elements does not always match with their surrounding surface flow patterns in our observations .
+2	On the basis of classical Hamiltonian formalism the Schroedinger quantization procedure is performed .	Discussed is kinematics and dynamics of bodies with affine degrees of freedom , i.e. , homogeneously deformable `` gyroscopes '' .	The special stress is laid on the status and physical justification of affine dynamical invariance .	Some methods of the partial separation of variables , analytical treatment and search of rigorous solutions are developed .	The possiblity of applications in theory of structured media , nanophysics , and molecular physics is discussed .
+1	The line of sight to the quasar at z=2.507 appears to be very busy , with the presence , within 0.5 arcsec from the source of : ( i ) a possible galactic main-sequence star , ( ii ) a faint red lensing galaxy visible only in H-band and ( iii ) a new object whose colors and morphology match those of an almost face-on spiral .	Optical and near-IR Hubble Space Telescope and Gemini-North adaptive optics images , further improved through deconvolution , are used to explore the gravitationally lensed radio source PKS 1830-211 .	The V-I color and faint I magnitude of the latter suggest that it is associated with the molecular absorber seen towards PKS 1830-211 , at z=0.89 rather than with the z=0.19 HI absorber previously reported in the spectrum of PKS 1830-211 .	While this discovery might ease the interpretation of the observed absorption lines , it also complicates the modeling of the lensing potential well , hence decreasing the interest in using this system as a mean to measure H_0 through the time delay between the lensed images .	This is the first case of a quasar lensed by an almost face-on spiral galaxy .
+2	It is shown how the formalism predicts electromagnetic momentum to be extracted from the vacuum field , just analogous to how energy is extracted in the Casimir case .	The Green-function formalism for the electromagnetic field in a magnetoelectric ( ME ) medium is constructed , as a generalization of conventional Casimir theory .	Zero temperature is assumed .	The possibility of extracting momentum from vacuum was discussed recently by Feigel [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	92 , 020404 ( 2004 ) ] .
+0	Weak gravitational lensing of distant galaxies by foreground structures has proven to be a powerful tool to study the mass distribution in the universe .	The advent of panoramic cameras on 4m class telescope has led to a first generation of surveys that already compete with large redshift surveys in terms of the accuracy with which cosmological parameters can be determined .	The next surveys , which already have started taking data , will provide another major step forward .	At the current level , systematics appear under control , and it is expected that weak lensing will develop into a key tool in the era of precision cosmology , provided we improve our knowledge of the non-linear matter power spectrum and the source redshift distribution .	In this review we will briefly describe the principles of weak lensing and discuss the results of recent cosmic shear surveys .
+3	We demonstrate the method in application to data from Chandra ACIS-S and ACIS-I observations of the Perseus cluster of galaxies .	We present a simple method for adaptively binning the pixels in an image .	The algorithm groups pixels into bins of size such that the fractional error on the photon count in a bin is less than or equal to a threshold value , and the size of the bin is as small as possible .	The process is particularly useful for generating surface brightness and colour maps , with clearly defined error maps , from images with a large dynamic range of counts , for example X-ray images of galaxy clusters .	We use the algorithm to create intensity maps , and colour images which show the relative X-ray intensities in different bands .
+4	The job completion time and time to failure of each worker are stochastic with fixed but unknown means .	We study a problem of allocating divisible jobs , arriving online , to workers in a crowdsourcing setting which involves learning two parameters of strategically behaving workers .	Each job is split into a certain number of tasks that are then allocated to workers .	Each arriving job has to be completed within a deadline and each task has to be completed satisfying an upper bound on probability of failure .	The job population is homogeneous while the workers are heterogeneous in terms of costs , completion times , and times to failure .
+4	In addition , generation of the Monte Carlo events , in case of large number of cells , may be even significantly faster .	FOAM-2.06 is an upgraded version of FOAM , a general purpose , self-adapting Monte Carlo event generator .	In comparison with FOAM-2.05 , it has two important improvements .	New interface to random numbers lets the user to choose from the three `` state of the art '' random number generators .	Improved algorithms for simplical grid need less computer memory ; the problem of the prohibitively large memory allocation required for the large number ( $ & gt ; 10^6 $ ) of simplical cells is now eliminated -- the new version can handle such cases even on the average desktop computers .
+4	At room temperature , this charge disproportionation together with the breathing distortions gives rise to a Peierls semiconductor with monoclinic crystal structure .	In this work , we find by means of first principle calculations a new physical mechanism to generate a two dimensional electron gas , namely , the breaking of charge ordering at the surface of a charge ordered semiconductor due to the incomplete oxygen environment of the surface ions .	The emergence of the 2D gas is independent of the presence of oxygen vacancies or polar discontinuities ; this is a self-doping effect .	This mechanism might apply to many charge ordered systems , in particular , we study the case of BaBiO3 ( 001 ) .	In bulk , this material is a prototype of a `` forbidden valence '' compound in which the formal `` metallic '' Bi4+ state is skipped exhibiting a charge disproportionated Bi3+ - Bi5+ ordered structure .
+2	We compare our results with the theoretical forms predicted by partially quenched chiral perturbation theory in the lowest order .	We have computed the eta-prime pseudoscalar octet mass splitting using staggered fermions on both dynamical and quenched gauge configurations .	We have used Wuppertal smeared operators to reduce excited state contributions .	Using lattice volumes of size 16^3 x 32 with a^ { -1 } =2GeV we obtain results consistent with the physical eta-prime mass .	We also demonstrate that the flavor singlet piece of the eta-prime mass comes from zero modes of the Dirac operator .
+1	The spectral index values calculated using $ C $ , $ X $ & amp ; $ K $ bands are smaller than the expected values for optically thin regime .	We present the radio observations and modeling of an optically bright Type II-P supernova ( SN ) , SN 2012aw which exploded in the nearby galaxy Messier 95 ( M95 ) at a distance of $ 10\ \rm Mpc $ .	During this time the optical bolometric light curve stays in the plateau phase .	We interpret the low spectral index values to be a result of electron cooling .	On the basis of comparison between Compton cooling timescale and Synchrotron cooling timescale we find that inverse Compton cooling process dominates over synchrotron cooling process .
+1	In the presence of realistic SFHs , we compare the modeled and observed SEDs from the ultraviolet ( UV ) through near-infrared ( NIR ) and assess the reliability of widely used UV-based star formation rate ( SFR ) indicators .	We use empirical star formation histories ( SFHs ) , measured from HST-based resolved star color-magnitude diagrams , as input into population synthesis codes to model the broadband spectral energy distributions ( SEDs ) of ~50 nearby dwarf galaxies ( 6.5 & lt ; log M/M_* & lt ; 8.5 , with metallicities ~10 % solar ) .	In the FUV through i bands , we find that the observed and modeled SEDs are in excellent agreement .	In the Spitzer 3.6micron and 4.5micron bands , we find that modeled SEDs systematically over-predict observed luminosities by up to ~0.2 dex , depending on treatment of the TP-AGB stars in the synthesis models .	We assess the reliability of UV luminosity as a SFR indicator , in light of independently constrained SFHs .
+4	The improvement in the accuracy by factor 20 in the forthcoming E821 experiment may lead to more stringent , than provided by ALEPH group , limits up to $ M_A\sim $ 30 GeV if the mass difference between $ h $ and $ A $ is $ \sim M_Z $ .	Constraints on the general 2HDM ( `` Model II '' ) are obtained from the existing $ ( g-2 ) _ { \mu } $ data including limits on Higgs bosons masses from LEP I data .	We consider separately two cases : with a light scalar $ h $ and with a light pseudoscalar $ A $ , assuming $ { M_ { h } +M_ { A } } \ge { M_ { Z } } $ .	The charged Higgs contribution is also included .	It is found that already the present $ ( g-2 ) _ { \mu } $ data improve limits obtained recently by ALEPH collaboration on $ \tb $ for the mass of the pseudoscalar below $ \mr $ 2 GeV .
+1	Observations of this object show a very small contrast of 0.35 dex between the light-curve minimum occurring soon after the breakout , and the main luminosity peak that is due to radioactive heating of the ejecta .	We propose an alternative explanation for the post-breakout emission of SN 2008D associated with the X-ray transient 080109 .	Hydrodynamical models show that the cooling of a shocked Wolf-Rayet star leads to a much greater difference ( & gt ; 0.9 dex ) .	Our proposed scenario is that of a jet produced during the explosion which deposits 56Ni-rich material in the outer layers of the ejecta .	The presence of high-velocity radioactive material allows us to reproduce the complete luminosity evolution of the object .
+0	We report on our calculations of the inner-sphere reorganization energy and the interaction of the pi orbitals within DNA oligomers .	The exponential decrease of the electronic coupling between the highest and second highest occupied base orbitals of the intrastrand nucleobases in the ( A-T ) n and ( G-C ) n oligomers have been found with an increase of the sequence number n in the DNA structure .	We conclude that for realistic estimation of the electronic coupling values between the nucleobases within the DNA molecule , a DNA chain containing at least four base pairs is required .	We estimate the geometry relaxation of the base pairs within the ( A-T ) n and ( G-C ) n oligomers ( n=1-6 ) due to their oxidation .	The decrease of the inner-sphere reorganization energy with elongation of the oligomer structure participating in the oxidation process have been observed .
+1	This split is detected with high significance toward the areas ( -3.5 & lt ; l & lt ; 1 , b & lt ; -5 ) and ( l , b ) = ( 0 , +5.2 ) , i.e. , along the Bulge minor axis and at least 5 degrees off the plane .	The red clump is found to be split into two components along several sightlines toward the Galactic Bulge .	The fainter ( hereafter `` main '' ) component is the one that more closely follows the distance-longitude relation of the Bulge red clump .	The main component is ~0.5 magnitudes fainter than the secondary component and with an overall approximately equal population .	For sightlines further from the plane , the difference in brightness increases , and more stars are found in the secondary component than in the main component .
+0	In April 2004 the first image was obtained of a planetary mass companion ( now known as 2M1207 b ) in orbit around a self-luminous object different from our own Sun ( the young brown dwarf 2MASSW J1207334-393254 , hereafter 2M1207 A ) .	2M1207 b probably formed via fragmentation and gravitational collapse , offering proof that such a mechanism can form bodies in the planetary mass regime .	However , the predicted mass , luminosity , and radius of 2M1207 b depend on its age , distance , and other observables such as effective temperature .	To refine our knowledge of the physical properties of 2M1207 b and its nature , we obtained an accurate determination of the distance to the 2M1207 A and b system by measurements of its trigonometric parallax at the milliarcsec level .	With the ESO NTT/SUSI2 telescope , in 2006 we began a campaign of photometric and astrometric observations to measure the trigonometric parallax of 2M1207 A .
+3	For CMEs that are associated with filament eruptions we found only for the CME peak acceleration significantly lower values than for events which were not associated with filament eruptions .	Using high time cadence images from the STEREO EUVI , COR1 and COR2 instruments , we derived detailed kinematics of the main acceleration stage for a sample of 95 CMEs in comparison with associated flares and filament eruptions .	We found that CMEs associated with flares reveal on average significantly higher peak accelerations and lower acceleration phase durations , initiation heights and heights , at which they reach their peak velocities and peak accelerations .	This means that CMEs that are associated with flares are characterized by higher and more impulsive accelerations and originate from lower in the corona where the magnetic field is stronger .	The flare rise time was found to be positively correlated with the CME acceleration duration , and negatively correlated with the CME peak acceleration .
+0	We show a model-independent fine-tuning issue in the DBI inflationary mechanism .	DBI inflation requires a warp factor h small enough to sufficiently slow down the inflaton .	On the other hand , the Einstein equation in extra dimensions under the inflationary background deforms the warp space in the IR side .	Generically these two locations coincide with each other , spoiling the DBI inflation .	The origin and tuning of this `` h-problem '' is closely related , through the AdS/CFT duality , to those of the well-known `` eta-problem '' in the slow-roll inflationary mechanism .
+3	We investigate the properties of such warm , optically thick coronae and put constraints on their existence .	In the past years , several observations of AGN and X-ray binaries have suggested the existence of a warm T around 0.5-1 keV and optically thick , \tau ~ 10-20 , corona covering the inner parts of the accretion disk .	These properties are directly derived from spectral fitting in UV to soft-X-rays using Comptonization models .	However , whether such a medium can be both in radiative and hydrostatic equilibrium with an accretion disk is still uncertain .	We solve the radiative transfer equation for grey atmosphere analytically in a pure scattering medium , including local dissipation as an additional heating term in the warm corona .
+0	In a recent paper , we showed that tree level up-down unification of fermion Yukawa couplings is a natural consequence of a large class of supersymmetric models .	They can lead to viable quark masses and mixings for moderately large values of $ \tan\beta $ with interesting and testable predictions for CP violation in the hadronic sector .	In this letter , we extend our discussion to the leptonic sector focusing on one particular class of these models , the supersymmetric left-right model with the seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses .	We show that fitting the solar and the atmospheric neutrino data considerably restricts the Majorana-Yukawa couplings of the leptons in this model and leads to predictions for the decay $ \tau\to \mu +\gamma $ , which is found to be accessible to the next generation of rare decay searches .	We also show that the resulting parameter space of the model is consistent with the requirements of generating adequate baryon asymmetry through lepton-number violating decays of the right-handed neutrino .
+3	Polarized cross sections for $ e^+e^-\to W^+W^- $ ( on-shell ) are computed and the corrections to the standard model results are given in an expansion for large $ s/M^2_W $ .	We analyze new physics contributions to $ e^+e^-\to W^+W^- $ at the TeV energy scale , employing an effective field theory framework .	A complete basis of next-to-leading order operators in the standard model effective Lagrangian is used , both for the nonlinear and the linear realization of the electroweak sector .	The elimination of redundant operators via equations-of-motion constraints is discussed in detail .	The dominant relative corrections grow with $ s $ and can be fully expressed in terms of modified gauge-fermion couplings .
+0	Narrow dust rings observed around some young stars ( e.g. , HR 4796A ) need to be confined .	We present a possible explanation for the formation and confinement of such rings in optically thin circumstellar disks , without invoking shepherding planets .	If an enhancement of dust grains ( e.g. , due to a catastrophic collision ) occurs somewhere in the disk , photoelectric emission from the grains can heat the gas to temperatures well above that of the dust .	The gas orbits with super ( sub ) -Keplerian speeds inward ( outward ) of the associated pressure maximum .	This tends to concentrate the grains into a narrow region .
+1	Inflation in supergravity , however , can not be easily described because of restrictions from supersymmetry ( SUSY ) .	Supergravity is a well-motivated theory beyond the standard model of particle physics , and a suitable arena to study high-energy physics at the early universe including inflation , whose observational evidences are growing more and more .	The scalar potential has an exponential factor and a large negative term whereas a flat and positive potential is needed to realize inflation .	The standard method to obtain such an inflationary scalar potential requires an additional superfield to the one containing inflaton .	In this thesis , we propose and develop an alternative method which does not require the additional superfield and thus reduces the necessary degrees of freedom by half .
+0	The Pan-STARRS1 survey is acquiring multi-epoch imaging in 5 bands ( grizy ) over the entire sky north of declination -30deg ( the $ 3\pi $ survey ) .	In July 2011 a test area of about 70 sq.deg .	was observed to the expected final depth of the main survey .	In this , the first of a series of papers targetting the galaxy count and clustering properties of the combined multi-epoch test area data , we present a detailed investigation into the depth of the survey and the reliability of the Pan-STARRS1 analysis software .	We show that the Pan-STARRS1 reduction software can recover the properties of fake sources , and show good agreement between the magnitudes measured by Pan-STARRS1 and those from Sloan Digital Sky Survey .
+3	Some physical insights into the function of these covers and some numerical results confirming this theory are presented and discussed .	Recently , it has been experimentally shown by several other researchers in the physics community that a properly designed periodic corrugation of a metallic opaque screen may significantly enhance the power transmission through a sub-wavelength hole in the optical frequency band .	Oliner , Jackson and their co-workers explained and justified this phenomenon as the result of the excitation of the leaky waves supported by the corrugated screen .	Here we suggest another setup , in which metamaterial layers with special parameters may be utilized as covers over a single sub-wavelength aperture in a perfectly electric conducting ( PEC ) flat screen in order to increase the wave transmission through this aperture , and we provide a detailed analytical explanation for this aperture setup that may lead to similar , more pronounced effects when the metamaterial layers are used in the entrance and the exit face of the hole in the flat PEC screen with no corrugation .	We also discuss the sensitivity of the transmission enhancement to the geometrical and electromagnetic parameters of this structure .
+0	The matter produced in the early stages of heavy ion collisions consists mostly of gluons , and is penetrated by coherent magnetic field produced by spectator nucleons .	The fluctuations of gluonic matter in an external magnetic field couple to real and virtual photons through virtual quark loops .	We study the resulting contributions to photon and dilepton production that stem from the fluctuations of the stress tensor $ T_ { \mu\nu } $ in the background of a coherent magnetic field $ \vec { B } $ .	Our study extends significantly the earlier work by two of us and Skokov , in which only the fluctuations of the trace of the stress tensor $ T_ { \mu\mu } $ were considered ( the coupling of $ T_ { \mu\mu } $ to electromagnetic fields is governed by the scale anomaly ) .	In the present paper we derive more general relations using the Operator Product Expansion ( OPE ) .
+4	Next we derive a strict inequality signaling the divergence of the color-Coulomb potential at low momentum $ k $ namely , $ \widetilde { \mathcal { V } } ( k ) \geq k^2 G^2 ( k ) $ for $ k \to 0 $ , where $ \widetilde { \mathcal { V } } ( k ) $ is the Fourier transform of the color-Coulomb potential $ \mathcal { V } ( r ) $ and $ G ( k ) $ is the ghost propagator in momentum space .	In this article we present exact calculations that substantiate a clear picture relating the confining force of QCD to the zero-modes of the Faddeev-Popov ( FP ) operator $ \mathcal { M } ( A ) = - \partial \cdot D ( A ) $ .	This is done in two steps .	First we calculate the spectral decomposition of the FP operator and show that the ghost propagator $ \mathcal { G } ( k ; A ) = \langle \vec { k } | \mathcal { M } ^ { -1 } ( A ) | \vec { k } \rangle $ in an external gauge potential $ A $ is enhanced at low $ k $ in Fourier space for configurations $ A $ on the Gribov horizon .	This results from the new formula in the low- $ k $ regime $ \mathcal { G } ^ { ab } ( k , A ) = \delta^ { ab } \lambda_ { |\vec { k } | } ^ { -1 } ( gA ) $ , where $ \lambda_ { |\vec { k } | } ( gA ) $ is the eigenvalue of the FP operator that emerges from $ \lambda_ { |\vec { k } | } ( 0 ) = \vec { k } ^2 $ at $ A $ = 0 .
+4	The ansatz is finally shown to be related to a standard inhomogeneous spin chain .	We probe the long-range spin chain approach to planar N=4 gauge theory at high loop order .	A recently employed hyperbolic spin chain invented by Inozemtsev is suitable for the SU ( 2 ) subsector of the state space up to three loops , but ceases to exhibit the conjectured thermodynamic scaling properties at higher orders .	We indicate how this may be bypassed while nevertheless preserving integrability , and suggest the corresponding all-loop asymptotic Bethe ansatz .	We also propose the local part of the all-loop gauge transfer matrix , leading to conjectures for the asymptotically exact formulae for all local commuting charges .
+0	We propose the new technique of physical-layer cryptography based on using a massive MIMO channel as a key between the sender and desired receiver , which need not be secret .	The goal is for low-complexity encoding and decoding by the desired transmitter-receiver pair , whereas decoding by an eavesdropper is hard in terms of prohibitive complexity .	The decoding complexity is analyzed by mapping the massive MIMO system to a lattice .	We show that the eavesdropper 's decoder for the MIMO system with M-PAM modulation is equivalent to solving standard lattice problems that are conjectured to be of exponential complexity for both classical and quantum computers .	Hence , under the widely-held conjecture that standard lattice problems are hard to solve in the worst-case , the proposed encryption scheme has a more robust notion of security than that of the most common encryption methods used today such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman .
+0	We give some lectures on the work on formal logic of Jacques Herbrand , and sketch his life and his influence on automated theorem proving .	The intended audience ranges from students interested in logic over historians to logicians .	Besides the well-known correction of Herbrand 's False Lemma by Goedel and Dreben , we also present the hardly known unpublished correction of Heijenoort and its consequences on Herbrand 's Modus Ponens Elimination .	Besides Herbrand 's Fundamental Theorem and its relation to the Loewenheim-Skolem-Theorem , we carefully investigate Herbrand 's notion of intuitionism in connection with his notion of falsehood in an infinite domain .	We sketch Herbrand 's two proofs of the consistency of arithmetic and his notion of a recursive function , and last but not least , present the correct original text of his unification algorithm with a new translation .
+3	We say such a traversal is a face-continuous space-filling curve if , at any level of recursion , the interior of the union of any set of consecutive parts is connected -- -that is , consecutive parts must always meet along an edge .	An $ r $ -gentiling is a dissection of a shape into $ r \geq 2 $ parts which are all similar to the original shape .	An $ r $ -reptiling is an $ r $ -gentiling of which all parts are mutually congruent .	By applying gentilings recursively , together with a rule that defines an order on the parts , one may obtain an order in which to traverse all points within the original shape .	Most famously , the isosceles right triangle admits a 2-reptiling , which forms the basis of the face-continuous Sierpinski space-filling curve ; many other right triangles admit reptilings and gentilings that yield face-continuous space-filling curves as well .
+3	The different mechanisms of ionic and non-ionic surfactants in stabilizing graphene dispersions are explained by the theory for colloidal stability .	We investigated the effect of surfactants and their concentration ( Csur ) on the final graphene concentration ( CG ) via the liquid-phase exfoliation method .	Six typical surfactants including ionic and non-ionic ones were explored and the optimized Csur for each surfactant was suggested .	For ionic surfactants , CG increases with Csur before reaching its maximum and then maintains the high level .	The as-prepared graphene sheets are verified to be highly exfoliated through transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies , while the defect-free structure was evidenced by Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy .
+2	Our calculations show that $ y_N $ from the chiral quark model is significant larger than that from the meson cloud model , whereas the difference of $ \sigma_ { \pi N } $ between the two models is relatively small .	We calculate the nucleon strangeness $ y_N $ in the chiral quark model and the meson cloud model .	With the internal relation between the sigma term of $ \pi $ $ N $ ( $ \sigma_ { \pi N } $ ) and $ y_N $ , we present the results of $ \sigma_ { \pi N } $ in these two models .	We also present the results of $ \sigma_ { K N } $ and $ \sigma_ { \eta N } $ , which could be determined by $ \sigma_ { \pi N } $ and $ y_N $ from their definition in the current algebra , and find that these two physical parameters are quite sensitive to $ y_N $ .	The results indicate the necessity to restrict the parameters of the two models from more precision measurements .
+1	The bare scalars are strongly distorted by hadronic mass shifts , and the lightest I=0 state becomes a very broad resonance of mass and width of about 500 MeV .	First I review some previous work on the lightest scalars below 1.5 GeV , and how these scalars can be understood as unitarized nonet states .	This is the sigma meson required by models based on linear realization of chiral symmetry .	Recently the light sigma has clearly been observed in D decay to 3 pions by the E791 experiment at Fermilab and I discuss how this decay channel can be predicted in a Constituent Quark Meson Model , which incorporates heavy quark and chiral symmetries .	At the end I discuss the likely possibility that there are in fact two light scalar nonets , such as one mainly meson-meson ( or 4-quark ) nonet and one qq bar nonet .
+0	Exploring the use of single-mode fibers ( SMFs ) in high precision Doppler spectrometers has become increasingly attractive since the advent of diffraction-limited adaptive optics systems on large-aperture telescopes .	Spectrometers fed with these fibers can be made significantly smaller than typical 'seeing-limited ' instruments , greatly reducing cost and overall complexity .	Importantly , classical mode interference and speckle issues associated with multi-mode fibers , also known as 'modal noise ' , are mitigated when using SMFs , which also provide perfect radial and azimuthal image scrambling .	However , these fibers do support multiple polarization modes , an issue that is generally ignored for larger-core fibers given the large number of propagation modes .	Since diffraction gratings used in most high resolution astronomical instruments have dispersive properties that are sensitive to incident polarization changes , any birefringence variations in the fiber can cause variations in the efficiency profile , degrading illumination stability .
+3	We find that galaxy merger rate Fmg shows strong dependence on the local overdensity ( 1+ { \delta } n ) and the dependence is similar at all redshifts .	We make use of four galaxy catalogs based on four different semi-analytical models ( SAMs ) implemented in the Millennium simulation to study the environmental effects and the model dependence of galaxy merger rate .	We begin the analyses by finding that galaxy merger rate in the SAMs has mild redshift evolution , consistent with results of previous works .	To study the environmental dependence of galaxy merger rate , we adopt two estimators , the local overdensity ( 1+ { \delta } n ) defined as the surface density from the nth-nearest-neighbor ( n = 6 is chosen in this study ) and the host halo mass Mh .	For the overdensity estimator , the merger rate Fmg is found about twenty times larger in the densest regions than in under-dense ones in two of the four models while it is roughly four times higher in the other two .
+1	A recent set of experiments involving yeast cell populations has shown that selection for faster sedimenting cells leads to the appearance of stable aggregates of cells that are able to split into smaller clusters .	How multicellular life forms evolved out from unicellular ones constitutes a major problem in our understanding of the evolution of our biosphere .	It was suggested that the observed evolutionary patterns could be the result of evolved programs affecting cell death .	Here we show , using a simple model of cell-cell interactions and evolving adhesion rates , that the observed patterns in cluster size and localized mortality can be easily interpreted in terms of waste accumulation and toxicity driven apoptosis .	This simple mechanism would have played a key role in the early evolution of multicellular life forms based on both aggregative and clonal development .
+4	We carry out a redshift analysis and determine cluster velocity dispersions using biweight statistics .	We present a spectrophotometric analysis of the galaxy pop .	in the area of the merging cluster Abell 3921 at redshift 0.093 .	We investigate the impact of the complex cluster environment on galaxy properties such as morphology or star formation rate .	We combine multi-object spectroscopy from the 2dF spectrograph with optical imaging taken with the ESO WFI .
+2	In this paper Galileo 's first observations of Jupiter 's satellites are quantitatively re-analysed by using modern planetarium software .	Four hundred years after its publication , Galileo 's masterpiece Sidereus Nuncius is still a mine of useful information for historians of science and astronomy .	In his short book Galileo reports a large amount of data that , despite its age , has not yet been fully explored .	All the angular records reported in the Sidereus Nuncius are , for the first time , compared with satellites ' elongations carefully reconstructed taking into account software accuracy and the indeterminacy of observation time .	This comparison allows us to derive the experimental errors of Galileo 's measurements and gives us direct insight into the effective angular resolution of Galileo 's observations .
+3	Consequently , it removes the unphysical energy gain in a region of lower momenta obtained by previous computations .	Computation of collisional energy loss in a finite size QCD medium has become crucial to obtain reliable predictions for jet quenching in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions .	We here compute this energy loss up to the zeroth order in opacity .	Our approach consistently treats both soft and hard contributions to the collisional energy loss .	Most importantly , we show that for characteristic QCD medium scales , finite size effects on the collisional energy loss are not significant .
+1	Unlike the conventional iterative water-filling ( IWF ) algorithm that applies the single-user detection ( SD ) at each user 's receiver by treating the interference from the other user as additional noise , the proposed ISS algorithm applies multiuser detection techniques to decode both the desired user 's and interference user 's messages if it is feasible , thus termed as opportunistic multiuser detection ( OMD ) .	This paper studies a new decentralized resource allocation strategy , named iterative spectrum shaping ( ISS ) , for the multi-carrier-based multiuser communication system , where two coexisting users independently and sequentially update transmit power allocations over parallel subcarriers to maximize their individual transmit rates .	Two encoding methods are considered for ISS : One is carrier independent encoding where independent codewords are modulated by different subcarriers for which different decoding methods can be applied ; the other is carrier joint encoding where a single codeword is modulated by all the subcarriers for which a single decoder is applied .	For each encoding method , this paper presents the associated optimal user power and rate allocation strategy at each iteration of transmit adaptation .	It is shown that under many circumstances the proposed ISS algorithm employing OMD is able to achieve substantial throughput gains over the conventional IWF algorithm employing SD for decentralized spectrum sharing .
+0	Phase transitions not allowed in equilibrium steady states may happen however at the fluctuating level .	We observe for the first time this striking and general phenomenon measuring current fluctuations in an isolated diffusive system .	While small fluctuations result from the sum of weakly-correlated local events , for currents above a critical threshold the system self-organizes into a coherent traveling wave which facilitates the current deviation by gathering energy in a localized packet , thus breaking translation invariance .	This results in Gaussian statistics for small fluctuations but non-Gaussian tails above the critical current .	Our observations , which agree with predictions derived from hydrodynamic fluctuation theory , strongly suggest that rare events are generically associated with coherent , self-organized patterns which enhance their probability .
+4	The definition of harmonicity can be extended to the space of polynomials in free variables using the concept of a noncommutative Laplacian .	Solutions to Laplace 's equation are called harmonic functions .	Harmonic functions arise in many applications , such as physics and the theory of stochastic processes .	Of interest classically are harmonic polynomials , which have a simple classification .	Further , the work of Reznick , building on the work of others , namely Sylvester , Clifford , Rosanes , Gundelfinger , Cartan , Maass and Helgason , has led to a classification of all polynomial solutions to a differential equation of arising from a homogeneous polynomial over an algebraically closed field .
+4	Dynamic response time is an important characteristic for determining the performance of MR dampers in practical civil engineering applications .	Magnetorheological fluids ( MR ) are stable suspensions of magnetizable microparticles , characterized by the property to change the rheological characteristics when subjected to the action of magnetic field .	Together with another class of materials that change their rheological characteristics in the presence of an electric field , called electrorheological materials are known in the literature as the smart materials or controlled materials .	In the absence of a magnetic field the particles in MR fluid are dispersed in the base fluid and its flow through the apertures is behaves as a Newtonian fluid having a constant shear stress .	When the magnetic field is applying a MR fluid behavior change , and behaves like a Bingham fluid with a variable shear stress .
+2	We compare this free energy with a formal partition function of the discretized AdS_5 x S^5 superstring with the kappa-symmetry fixed in the killing gauge and in the expansion corresponding to the weak 't Hooft coupling expansion in the SYM .	We examine whether the free energy of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory ( SYM ) in four dimensions corresponds to the partition function of the AdS_5 x S^5 superstring when corresponding operators are inserted into both theories .	We obtain a formal free energy of N=4 U ( N ) SYM in four dimensions generated by the Feynman graph expansion to all orders of the 't Hooft coupling expansion with arbitrary N. This free energy is written as the sum over discretized closed two-dimensional surfaces that are identified with the world-sheets of the string .	We find common properties on both sides , although further studies are required to obtain a more precise comparison .	Our result suggests a mechanism for how the world-sheet appears dynamically from N=4 SYM , thus enabling us to derive how the AdS_5 x S^5 superstring is reproduced in the AdS/CFT correspondence .
+1	As one can expect from the qualitative consideration for the three dimensional case , the system demonstrates a reentrant-melting transition at low densities along with waterlike anomalies in the fluid phase near the melting maximum .	We consider the phase behavior of two-dimensional ( $ 2D $ ) system of particles with an isotropic core-softened potential introduced in our previous publications .	In contrast with the three dimensional case , in two dimensions melting is a continuous two-stage transition in the low density part of the phase diagram with an intermediate hexatic phase corresponding to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young ( KTHNY ) scenario .	At the same time , at high densities the system melts through one first-order transition .	We also show , that the order of the region of anomalous diffusion and the regions of density and structural anomalies are inverted in comparison with the $ 3D $ case and have silicalike sequence .
+0	The blazar OJ287 is the most promising ( and the only ) case for an extragalactic binary black hole system inspiralling under the action of gravitational radiation reaction .	At present , though it is not possible to directly observe the binary components , it is possible to observe the jet emanating form the primary black hole .	We argue that the orbital motion of the secondary black hole is reflected in the wobble of the jet and demonstrate that the wobble is orbital position dependent .	The erratic wobble of the jet , reported in Agudo et al .	( 2012 ) , is analyzed by taking into account the binary nature of the system and we find that the erratic component of jet wobble is very small .
+4	We have also found that the periodicity of the block sequences are contained in the periodicity of the residence time of the individual nucleotides inside the pore .	We investigate the dynamics of DNA translocation through a nanopore using 2D Langevin dynamics simulations , focusing on the dependence of the translocation dynamics on the details of DNA sequences .	The DNA molecules studied in this work are built from two types of bases $ A $ and $ C $ , which has been shown previously to have different interactions with the pore .	We study DNA with repeating blocks $ A_nC_n $ for various values of $ n $ , and find that the translocation time depends strongly on the { \em block length } $ 2n $ as well as on the { \em orientation } of which base entering the pore first .	Thus , we demonstrate that the measurement of translocation dynamics of DNA through nanopore can yield detailed information about its structure .
+0	At the LHC , an effective theory of the Higgs sector allows us to analyze kinematic distributions in addition to inclusive rates , although there is no clear hierarchy of scales .	We systematically analyze how well dimension-6 operators describe LHC observables in comparison to the full theory , and in a range where the LHC will be sensitive .	The key question is how the breakdown of the dimension-6 description affects Higgs measurements during the upcoming LHC run for weakly interacting models .	We cover modified Higgs sectors with a singlet and doublet extension , new top partners , and a vector triplet .	First , weakly interacting models only generate small relevant subsets of dimension-6 operators .
+2	Experimental measurements are presented demonstrating that optical injection in one or both modes of these devices can induce wavelength bistability .	The wavelength switching dynamics of two-colour semiconductor lasers with optical injection and feedback are presented .	These devices incorporate slotted regions etched into the laser ridge waveguide for tailoring the output spectrum .	Measured switching dynamics with modulated optical injection are shown to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations based on a simple rate equation model .	We also demonstrate experimentally that time-delayed optical feedback can induce wavelength bistability for short external cavity lengths .
+2	We first introduce , for physical fields on space-time , a characterization of their asymptotic behavior as certain fields on this boundary .	There is a well-known short list of asymptotic conserved quantities for a physical system at spatial infinity .	We search for new ones.This is carried outwithin the asymptotic framework of Ashtekar and Romano , in which spatial infinity is represented as a smooth boundary of space-time .	Conserved quantities at spatial infinity , in turn , are constructed from these fields .	We find , in Minkowski space-time , that each of a Klein-Gordon field , a Maxwell field , and a linearized gravitational field yields an entire hierarchy of conserved quantities .
+4	But it suffers from blocking artifacts .	Measurement of image quality is very crucial to many image processing applications .	Quality metrics are used to measure the quality of improvement in the images after they are processed and compared with the original images .	Compression is one of the applications where it is required to monitor the quality of decompressed or decoded image .	JPEG compression is the lossy compression which is most prevalent technique for image codecs .
+4	This solves an open problem of Reed and Wood , and also generalises ( to within a constant factor ) known results when $ H $ is an unbalanced complete bipartite graph .	Mader first proved that high average degree forces a given graph as a minor .	Often motivated by Hadwiger 's Conjecture , much research has focused on the average degree required to force a complete graph as a minor .	Subsequently , various authors have consider the average degree required to force an arbitrary graph $ H $ as a minor .	Here , we strengthen ( under certain conditions ) a recent result by Reed and Wood , giving better bounds on the average degree required to force an $ H $ -minor when $ H $ is a sparse graph with many high degree vertices .
+3	The conventional treatment of these terms , based on factorization approximations , is shown to be inconsistent .	In this paper we develop a gapless theory of BEC which can be applied to both trapped and homogeneous gases at zero and finite temperature .	The many-body Hamiltonian for the system is written in a form which is approximately quadratic with higher order cubic and quartic terms .	The quadratic part is diagonalized exactly by transforming to a quasiparticle basis , while the non-quadratic terms are dealt with using first and second order perturbation theory .	Infra-red divergences can appear in individual terms of the perturbation expansion , but we show analytically that the total contribution beyond quadratic order is finite .
+3	Our results indicate that both the magnitude and the direction of the gate field have a significant effect on the conductance and the spin polarization .	Recently , the chiral-induced spin selectivity in molecular systems has attracted extensive interest among the scientific communities .	Here , we investigate the effect of the gate voltage on spin-selective electron transport through the $ \alpha $ -helical peptide/protein molecule contacted by two nonmagnetic electrodes .	Based on an effective model Hamiltonian and the Landauer-B\ '' uttiker formula , we calculate the conductance and the spin polarization under an external electric field which is perpendicular to the helix axis of the $ \alpha $ -helical peptide/protein molecule .	The spin filtration efficiency can be improved by properly tuning the gate voltage , especially in the case of strong dephasing regime .
+4	We show that the SRR and the CRR can be determined explicitly from the free energylandscape .	On the basis of the density functional theory , we give a clear definition of the free energy landscape .	To show the usefulness of the definition , we construct the free energy landscape for rearrangement of atoms in an FCC crystal of hard spheres .	In this description , the cooperatively rearranging region ( CRR ) is clealy related to the hard spheres involved in the saddle between two adjacent basins .	A new concept of the simultaneously rearranging region ( SRR ) emerges naturally as spheres defined by the difference between two adjacent basins .
+1	Using a computational model of cultural evolution in which neural network based agents evolve ideas for actions through invention and imitation , we tested the hypothesis that human creativity began with onset of the capacity for recursive recall .	This paper summarizes efforts to computationally model two transitions in the evolution of human creativity : its origins about two million years ago , and the 'big bang ' of creativity about 50,000 years ago .	We compared runs in which agents were limited to single-step actions to runs in which they used recursive recall to chain simple actions into complex ones .	Chaining resulted in higher diversity , open-ended novelty , no ceiling on the mean fitness of actions , and greater ability to make use of learning .	Using a computational model of portrait painting , we tested the hypothesis that the explosion of creativity in the Middle/Upper Paleolithic was due to onset of con-textual focus : the capacity to shift between associative and analytic thought .
+0	We report on extensive elastic neutron scattering to determine the wave vector of the magnetic order in CeCu_ { 6-x } Au_x single crystals for x & gt ; 0.1 .	For all values of x investigated ( 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) we find long-range incommensurate antiferromagnetic order with an ordering vector Q $ \approx $ ( 0.625 0 0.275 ) for x=0.2 , nearly unchanged for x=0.3 , and Q $ \approx $ ( 0.59 0 0 ) for x=0.5 , staying roughly the same for x=1.0 .	In addition , short-range correlations are observed at x=0.2 , reminiscent of those found previously for x=0.1 .	The ordered magnetic moment is found to increase rapidly for small x , and more slowly for the larger x values .	The increase of the specific-heat anomaly at the ordering temperature with x is in qualitative accord with this behavior .
+4	We arrange those locations into a graph upon which we learn pleasant routes .	When providing directions to a place , web and mobile mapping services are all able to suggest the shortest route .	The goal of this work is to automatically suggest routes that are not only short but also emotionally pleasant .	To quantify the extent to which urban locations are pleasant , we use data from a crowd-sourcing platform that shows two street scenes in London ( out of hundreds ) , and a user votes on which one looks more beautiful , quiet , and happy .	We consider votes from more than 3.3K individuals and translate them into quantitative measures of location perceptions .
+0	Cloud computing has been attracting the attention of several researchers both in the academia and the industry as it provides many opportunities for organizations by offering a range of computing services .	For cloud computing to become widely adopted by both the enterprises and individuals , several issues have to be solved .	A key issue that needs special attention is security of clouds , and trust management is an important component of cloud security .	In this paper , the authors look at what trust is and how trust has been applied in distributed computing .	Trust models proposed for various distributed system has then been summarized .
+0	In this work it is shown how the immersed boundary method of ( Peskin2002 ) for modeling flexible structures immersed in a fluid can be extended to include thermal fluctuations .	A stochastic numerical method is proposed which deals with stiffness in the system of equations by handling systematically the statistical contributions of the fastest dynamics of the fluid and immersed structures over long time steps .	An important feature of the numerical method is that time steps can be taken in which the degrees of freedom of the fluid are completely underresolved , partially resolved , or fully resolved while retaining a good level of accuracy .	Error estimates in each of these regimes are given for the method .	A number of theoretical and numerical checks are furthermore performed to assess its physical fidelity .
+1	Final states include $ \pi\pi $ , $ K \pi $ , and $ KK $ with both charged and neutral kaons and pions ; $ \pi\rho $ , $ K \rho $ , and $ K^*\pi $ ; and $ K\phi $ , $ K^*\phi $ , and $ \phi\phi $ .	We have searched for two-body charmless hadronic decays of $ B $ mesons .	The data used in this analysis consist of 2.6~million $ B\bar { B } $ ~pairs produced at the $ \Upsilon ( 4S ) $ taken with the CLEO-II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring ( CESR ) .	We measure the branching fraction of the sum of $ B^0 \rightarrow \pi^+\pi^- $ and $ B^0 \rightarrow K^+\pi^- $ to be $ ( 1.8^ { +0.6+0.2 } _ { -0.5-0.3 } \pm0.2 ) \times 10^ { -5 } $ .	In addition , we place upper limits on individual branching fractions in the range from $ 10^ { -4 } $ to $ 10^ { -6 } $ .
+2	In the proposed method the messages are combined together using a special variant of random linear network coding .	We introduce a method for securely delivering a set of messages to a group of clients over a broadcast erasure channel where each client is interested in a distinct message .	Each client is able to obtain its own message but not the others ' .	Each client is provided with a private set of decoding coefficients to decode its own message .	Our method provides security for the transmission sessions against computational brute-force attacks and also weakly security in information theoretic sense .
+0	We examine the renormalization group flow in the vicinity of the free-field fixed point for effective field theories in the presence of a constant , nondynamical vector potential background .	The interaction with this vector potential represents the simplest possible form of Lorentz violation .	We search for any normal modes of the flow involving nonpolynomial interactions .	For scalar fields , the inclusion of the vector potential modifies the known modes only through a change in the field strength renormalization .	For fermionic theories , where an infinite number of particle species are required in order for nonpolynomial interactions to be possible , we find no evidence for any analogous relevant modes .
+4	Time-dependent signals can be transformed into frequency dependent signals , leading to ground state Ramsey fringes ( GSRF ) .	We propose a set of experiments in which Ramsey-fringe techniques are tailored to probe transitions originating and terminating on the same ground state level .	When pulses of resonant radiation , separated by a time delay $ % T , $ interact with atoms , it is possible to produce Ramsey fringes having widths of order 1/T .	If each pulse contains two counterpropagating travelling wave modes , the atomic wave function is split into two or more components having different center-of-mass momenta .	Matter-wave interference of these components leads to atomic gratings , which have been observed in both spatially separated fields and time separated fields .
+0	( Abridged ) We have used the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE ) to search for H_2 absorption in five starburst galaxies : NGC 1705 , NGC 3310 , NGC 4214 , M83 ( NGC 5236 ) , and NGC 5253 .	We tentatively detect weak absorption by H_2 in M83 and NGC 5253 , and set upper limits on the H_2 column density in the other galaxies .	Conservative upper limits on the mass of molecular gas detected with FUSE are many orders of magnitude lower than the H_2 mass inferred from CO emission .	This indicates that almost all of the H_2 is in the form of clouds with N ( H_2 ) & gt ; 10^20 cm^-2 that are opaque to far-UV light and therefore can not be probed with far-UV absorption measurements .	The far-UV continuum visible in the FUSE spectra passes between the dense clouds , which have a covering factor & lt ; 1 .
+1	Generalizing the classical inner bounds shown by Marton and the recent quantum asymptotic version shown by Savov and Wilde , we obtain one-shot inner bounds in the quantum setting .	We consider the problem of communication over a classical-quantum broadcast channel with one sender and two receivers .	Our bounds are stated in terms of smooth min and max Renyi divergences .	We obtain these results using a different analysis of the random codebook argument and employ a new one-shot classical mutual covering argument based on rejection sampling .	These results give a full justification of the claims of Savov and Wilde in the classical-quantum asymptotic iid setting ; the techniques also yield similar bounds in the information spectrum setting .
+2	We only consider the metric structure of trees , and our framework is the space $ \bT $ of pointed isometry classes of locally compact rooted real trees equipped with the Gromov-Hausdorff distance .	We introduce the notion of a hereditary property for rooted real trees and we also consider reduction of trees by a given hereditary property .	Leaf-length erasure , also called trimming , is included as a special case of hereditary reduction .	Some of the main results of the paper are a general tightness criterion in $ \bT $ and limit theorems for growing families of trees .	We apply these results to Galton-Watson trees with exponentially distributed edge lengths .
+4	We also discuss the need for including the infinite tower of hadronic states in the hadronic representation of the GF when non-analytic terms such as logarithms are present in the OPE Wilson coefficients .	In this work we push the matching between the QCD operator product expansion ( OPE ) and resonance chiral theory ( RchiT ) to order alpha_s .	To this end we compute two- and three-point QCD Green functions ( GFs ) in both theories and compare the results .	GFs which are order parameters of chiral symmetry breaking make this matching more transparent and thus we concentrate on those .	On the OPE side one needs to calculate the hard-gluon virtual corrections to the quark condensate , and in particular for three-point GFs this computation was hitherto missing .
+0	We present J , H and K-band spectroscopy of Cygnus A , spanning 1.0-2.4 micron in the rest-frame and hence several rovibrational H2 , H recombination and [ FeII ] emission lines .	The lines are spatially extended by up to 6kpc from the nucleus , but their distinct kinematics indicate that the three groups ( H , H2 and [ FeII ] ) are not wholly produced in the same gas .	The broadest line , [ FeII ] 1.644 , exhibits a non-gaussian profile with a broad base ( FWHM=1040 km/s ) , perhaps due to interaction with the radio source .	Extinctions to the line-emitting regions substantially exceed earlier measurements based on optical H recombination lines .	Hard X-rays from the quasar nucleus are likely to dominate the excitation of the H2 emission .
+3	In this paper we present how one can extract Higgs couplings in future LHC runs at 14 TeV via $ H \rightarrow Z Z^* \rightarrow 4 \ell $ , using observables constructed from angular distributions for the Standard Model Higgs and Higgs with mixed CP configuration .	The study of the Higgs couplings following its discovery is the priority of future LHC runs .	A hint of anomalous nature will be exhibited via its coupling to the Standard Model ( SM ) particles and open up new domain of phenomenological study of physics beyond the Standard Model .	The enhanced statistics from next LHC runs will enable entry into the precision era to study the properties of Higgs with greater details .	We show how angular asymmetries can be used to measure the ratios of the couplings and the relative phases at LHC .
+3	According to first principles calculations within density functional theory , these Fe substitutional impurities retain a large magnetic moment thus presenting an alternative scheme for magnetically doping the topological surface state .	A combined experimental and theoretical study of doping individual Fe atoms into Bi2Se3 is presented .	It is shown through a scanning tunneling microscopy study that single Fe atoms initially located at hollow sites on top of the surface ( adatoms ) can be incorporated into subsurface layers by thermally-activated diffusion .	Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in combination with ab-initio calculations suggest that the doping behavior changes from electron donation for the Fe adatom to neutral or electron acceptance for Fe incorporated into substitutional Bi sites .	For both types of Fe doping , we see no indication of a gap at the Dirac point .
+2	The details of the exact calculations of the dynamical correlation functions for this ideal system is presented in this paper .	One-dimensional fractional statistics is studied using the Calogero-Sutherland model ( CSM ) which describes a system of non-relativistic quantum particles interacting with inverse-square two-body potential on a ring .	The inverse-square exchange can be regarded as a pure statistical interaction and this system can be mapped to an ideal gas obeying the fractional exclusion and exchange statistics .	An effective low-energy one-dimensional `` anyon '' model is constructed ; and its correlation functions are found to be in agreement with those in the CSM ; and this agreement provides an evidence for the equivalence of the first- and the second-quantized construction of the 1D anyon model at least in the long wave-length limit .	Furthermore , the finite-size scaling applicable to the conformally invariant systems is used to obtain the complete set of correlation exponents for the CSM .
+1	An important type of repeated sequences common in the human genome are tandem repeats , where identical copies appear next to each other .	The majority of the human genome consists of repeated sequences .	For example , in the sequence $ AGTC\underline { TGTG } C $ , $ TGTG $ is a tandem repeat , that may be generated from $ AGTCTGC $ by a tandem duplication of length $ 2 $ .	In this work , we investigate the possibility of generating a large number of sequences from a \textit { seed } , i.e.\ a small initial string , by tandem duplications of bounded length .	We study the capacity of such a system , a notion that quantifies the system 's generating power .
+2	These dipoles arise from the local motion of the atoms in the crystal potential well , and oscillate in synchrony to reduce the dipolar interaction energy .	In this work we investigate implications of the quantum nature of bcc $ ^ { 4 } $ % He .	We show that it is a unique solid phase with both a lattice structure and an Off-Diagonal Long Range Order of coherently oscillating local electric dipole moments .	The dipolar ground-state is therefore found to be a coherent state with a well defined global phase and a three-component complex order parameter .	The condensation energy of the dipoles in the bcc phase stabilizes it over the hcp phase at finite temperatures .
+4	Some interesting aspects of the lattice and of the counting-number 4-tuple coordinate system are pointed out .	A particular discrete rhombohedral lattice consisting of four symmetrically interlaced cuboctahedral point lattices is described that is interesting because of the high degree of symmetry it exhibits .	The four constituent cuboctahedral lattices are denoted by four colours and the composite lattice is referred to as a 4-colour rhombohedral lattice .	Each point of the 4-colour lattice can be referenced by an integer 4-tuple containing only the positive non-zero integers ( the counting numbers ) .	The relationship between the discrete rhombohedral lattice and a discrete Cartesian lattice is explained .
+1	That is , each point in a data set has a discrete probability distribution describing its location .	We study the L1 median for locationally uncertain points with discrete distributions .	The L1 median is a robust estimator , useful when there are outliers in the point set .	However given the probabilistic nature of this data , there is a distribution describing the L1 median , not a single location .	We show how to construct and estimate this median distribution in near-linear or quadratic time in 1 and 2 dimensions .
+0	Two-dimensional Maxwell-dilaton quantum gravity on AdS_2 with radius $ \ell $ and a constant electric field E is studied .	In conformal gauge , this is equivalent to a CFT on a strip .	In order to maintain consistent boundary conditions , the usual conformal diffeomorphisms must be accompanied by a certain U ( 1 ) gauge transformation .	The resulting conformal transformations are generated by a twisted stress tensor , which has a central charge $ c= { 3k E^2 \ell^4/4 } $ where k is the level of the U ( 1 ) current .	This is an AdS_2 analog of the Brown-Henneaux formula $ c = 3\ell/2G $ for the central charge of quantum gravity on AdS_3 .
+2	We give a theoretical analysis of the mapping scheme , characterizing exact asymptotic behavior and also giving non-asymptotic bounds which we verify through numerical simulations .	We give a practical random mapping that takes any set of documents represented as vectors in Euclidean space and then maps them to a sparse subset of the Hamming cube while retaining ordering of inter-vector inner products .	Once represented in the sparse space , it is natural to index documents using commercial text-based search engines which are specialized to take advantage of this sparse and discrete structure for large-scale document retrieval .	We balance the theoretical treatment with several practical considerations ; these allow substantial speed up of the method .	We further illustrate the use of this method on search over two real data sets : a corpus of images represented by their color histograms , and a corpus of daily stock market index values .
+0	In this paper we address the problem of fast and fair transmission of flows in a router , which is a fundamental issue in networks like the Internet .	We model the interaction between a TCP source and a bottleneck queue with the objective of designing optimal packet admission controls in the bottleneck queue .	We focus on the relaxed version of the problem obtained by relaxing the fixed buffer capacity constraint that must be satisfied at all time epoch .	The relaxation allows us to reduce the multi-flow problem into a family of single-flow problems , for which we can analyze both theoretically and numerically the existence of optimal control policies of special structure .	In particular , we show that for a variety of parameters , TCP flows can be optimally controlled in routers by so-called index policies , but not always by threshold policies .
+1	As a result , reactive flow solvers with detailed chemistry often become intractable even for large clusters of CPUs , especially when dealing with direct numerical simulation ( DNS ) of turbulent combustion problems .	The adoption of detailed mechanisms for chemical kinetics often poses two types of severe challenges : First , the number of degrees of freedom is large ; and second , the dynamics is characterized by widely disparate time scales .	This has motivated the development of several techniques for reducing the complexity of such kinetics models , where eventually only a few variables are considered in the development of the simplified model .	Unfortunately , no generally applicable a priori recipe for selecting suitable parameterizations of the reduced model is available , and the choice of slow variables often relies upon intuition and experience .	We present an automated approach to this task , consisting of three main steps .
+2	These are separated by sharp phase transitions .	We extend our proposal that major universality classes of hadronic matter can be understood , and in favorable cases calculated , directly in the microscopic quark variables , to allow for splitting between strange and light quark masses .	A surprisingly simple but apparently viable picture emerges , featuring essentially three phases , distinguished by whether strangeness is conserved ( standard nuclear matter ) , conserved modulo two ( hypernuclear matter ) , or locked to color ( color flavor locking ) .	There is also , potentially , a quark phase matching hadronic K-condensation .	The smallness of the secondary gap in two-flavor color superconductivity corresponds to the disparity between the primary dynamical energy scales of QCD and the much smaller energy scales of nuclear physics .
+0	This paper examines , compares and plots optical , near- and mid-infrared ( MIR ) photometric data for 605 planetary nebulae ( PNe ) in the Large Magellanic Cloud ( LMC ) .	With the aid of multi-wavelength surveys such as the Spitzer legacy programme Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy 's Evolution , the Two Micron All Sky Survey and the Magellanic Cloud Photometric Survey , plots have been constructed to expose the relative contributions from molecular hydrogen , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , forbidden emission lines , warm dust continuum and stellar emission at various bands .	Besides identifying trends , these plots have helped to reveal PN mimics including six previously known PNe in the outer LMC which are re-classied as other object types .	Together with continuing follow-up optical observations , the data have enabled a substantial reduction in the number of PNe previously tagged as `likely ' and `possible ' .	The total number of LMC PNe is adjusted to 715 but with a greater degree of confidence in regard to classification .
+4	The rare exceptions are those , like the Draco and other intermediate or high velocity clouds , found significantly above or below the Galactic plane .	In this chapter we review the young stars and molecular clouds found at high Galactic latitudes $ ( |b| \ge 30^\circ ) $ .	These are mostly associated with two large-scale structures on the sky , the Gould Belt and the Taurus star formation region , and a handful of molecular clouds including MBM 12 and MBM 20 which , as a population , consist of the nearest star formation sites to our Sun .	There are also a few young stars that are found in apparent isolation far from any molecular cloud .	The high latitude clouds are primarily translucent molecular clouds and diffuse Galactic cirrus with the majority of them seen at high latitude simply due to their proximity to the Sun .
+0	In 2012 Markarian 421 underwent the largest flare ever observed in this blazar at radio frequencies .	In the present study , we start exploring this unique event and compare it to a less extreme event in 2013 .	We use 15 GHz radio data obtained with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory 40-m telescope , 95 GHz millimeter data from the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy , and GeV gamma-ray data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope .	The radio light curves during the flaring periods in 2012 and 2013 have very different appearances , both in shape and peak flux density .	Assuming that the radio and gamma-ray flares are physically connected , we attempt to model the most prominent sub-flares of the 2012 and 2013 activity periods by using the simplest possible theoretical framework .
+0	We present a novel method to characterize the e+/- phase space at the IP of the SLAC B-factory , that combines single-beam measurements with a detailed mapping of luminous-region observables .	Transverse spot sizes are determined in the two rings with synchrotron-light monitors and extrapolated to the IP using measured lattice functions .	The specific luminosity , which is proportional to the inverse product of the overlap IP beam sizes , is continuously monitored using radiative-Bhabha events .	The spatial variation of the luminosity and of the transverse-boost distribution of the colliding e+/- , are measured using e+ e- -- & gt ; mu+ mu- events reconstructed in the BaBar detector .	The combination of these measurements provide constraints on the emittances , horizontal and vertical spot sizes , angular divergences and beta functions of both beams at the IP during physics data-taking .
+4	First , to understand the relation between IPMs and $ \phi $ -divergences , the necessary and sufficient conditions under which these classes intersect are derived : the total variation distance is shown to be the only non-trivial $ \phi $ -divergence that is also an IPM .	A class of distance measures on probabilities -- the integral probability metrics ( IPMs ) -- is addressed : these include the Wasserstein distance , Dudley metric , and Maximum Mean Discrepancy .	IPMs have thus far mostly been used in more abstract settings , for instance as theoretical tools in mass transportation problems , and in metrizing the weak topology on the set of all Borel probability measures defined on a metric space .	Practical applications of IPMs are less common , with some exceptions in the kernel machines literature .	The present work contributes a number of novel properties of IPMs , which should contribute to making IPMs more widely used in practice , for instance in areas where $ \phi $ -divergences are currently popular .
+3	Moderate-amplitude perturbations can collapse shortly after matter-radiation equality to form ultracompact minihalos ( UCMHs ) of dark matter , in far greater abundance than PBHs .	Events like inflation or phase transitions can produce large density perturbations on very small scales in the early Universe .	Probes of small scales are therefore useful for e.g.discriminating between inflationary models .	Until recently , the only such constraint came from non-observation of primordial black holes ( PBHs ) , associated with the largest perturbations .	If dark matter self-annihilates , UCMHs become excellent targets for indirect detection .
+2	We introduce a framework depending on a coverage performance function incorporating higher order Voronoi cells and then design a gradient-based controller which allows the multi-sensor system to achieve a local equilibrium in a distributed manner .	Most current results on coverage control using mobile sensors require that one partitioned cell is the sole responsibility of one sensor .	In this paper , we consider a class of generalized Voronoi coverage control problems by using higher order Voronoi partitions , motivated by applications that more than one senor is required to monitor and cover onecell .	In addition , we provide a number of real world scenarios where our framework can be applied .	Simulation results are also provided to show the controller performance .
+1	High precision ab-initio calculation was utilized for the calculation of the pair potentials of interatomic interactions N-N in FCC Fe lattice .	In the present paper , we have studied atomic structure of nitrogenous austenite .	These potentials were used for the Monte Carlo modeling of the short range order in the Fe-N system .	It was discovered that in FCC Fe lattice , nitrogen atoms might be partially ordered .	In this case , atomic structure of nitrogenous austenite is characterized by availability of the Fe6N phase with the short range order over the N atoms located in the third coordination sphere .
+2	In the case of a real gas with no chemical reactions and at quasi-isothermal conditions , the principle disembogues into the maximum free energy dissipation confirming the experimental outputs of electro-convective instability .	In the present work the Stochastic generalization of the quantum hydrodynamic analogy ( SQHA ) is used to obtain the far from equilibrium kinetics for a real gas and its fluid phase .	In gasses and their liquids , interacting by Lennard-Jones potentials whose mean distance is bigger than the quantum correlation distance and than the molecular interaction distance r0 , it is possible to define a Fokker-Plank type equation of motion as a function of the mean phase space molecular volume that far from equilibrium shows maximizing the dissipation of a part of the generalized SQHA-free energy .	In this case , the model shows that the transition to stationary states with higher free energy can happen and that , in incompressible fluids , the increase of free energy is almost given by a decrease of entropy leading to the appearance of self-ordered structures .	The output of the theory showing that the generation of order , via energy dissipation , is more efficient in fluids than in gasses , because of their incompressibility , leads to the re-conciliation between physics and biology furnishing the eplanation why the life was born in water .
+1	Here $ k $ is a positive integer .	Higher Green functions are real-valued functions of two variables on the upper half plane which are bi-invariant under the action of a congruence subgroup , have logarithmic singularity along the diagonal , but instead of the usual equation $ \Delta f=0 $ we have equation $ \Delta f = k ( 1-k ) f $ .	Properties of these functions are related to the space of modular forms of weight $ 2k $ .	In the case when there are no cusp forms of weight $ 2k $ it was conjectured that the values of the Green function at points of complex multiplication are algebraic multiples of logarithms of algebraic numbers .	We show that this conjecture can be proved in any particular case if one constructs a family of elements of certain higher Chow groups on the power of a family of elliptic curves .
+4	These results support earlier conclusions that NGC 1400 is at the distance of Eridanus A and therefore has a large peculiar velocity .	The two brightest elliptical galaxies in the Eridanus A group , NGC 1400 and NGC 1407 , have been observed in both the Washington T_1 and Kron-Cousins I filters to obtain photometry of their globular cluster systems ( GCSs ) .	This group of galaxies is of particular interest due to its exceptionally high M/L value , previously estimated at ~3000h , making this cluster highly dark-matter-dominated .	NGC 1400 's radial velocity ( 549 km/s ) is extremely low compared to that of the central galaxy of Eridanus A ( NGC 1407 with $ v_\odot $ = 1766 km/s ) and the other members of the system , suggesting that it is a foreground galaxy projected by chance onto the cluster .	Using the shapes of the globular cluster luminosity functions , however , we derive distances of 17.6 +/- 3.1 Mpc to NGC 1407 and 25.4 +/- 7.0 Mpc to NGC 1400 .
+4	They are the arithmetic mapping class group and the group of homology cobordism classes of homology cylinders .	In this paper , we briefly review some of the known results concerning the cohomological structures of the mapping class group of surfaces , the outer automorphism group of free groups , the diffeomorphism group of surfaces as well as various subgroups of them such as the Torelli group , the IA outer automorphism group of free groups , the symplectomorphism group of surfaces .	Based on these , we present several conjectures and problems concerning the cohomology of these groups .	We are particularly interested in the possible interplays between these cohomology groups rather than merely the structures of individual groups .	It turns out that , we have to include , in our considerations , two other groups which contain the mapping class group as their core subgroups and whose structures seem to be deeply related to that of the mapping class group .
+3	We analyze in detail the Rabi oscillation executed by such atom-laser system and how that influneces quantities like entanglement entropy , violation of Bell like Inequality etc .	We show that the general quantum state of synthetically spin-orbit coupled ultra cold bosonic atom whose condensate was experimentally created recently ( Y. J. Lin { \it et al .	} , Nature , { \bf 471 } , 83 , ( 2011 ) ) , shows entanglement between motional degrees of freedom ( momentum ) and internal degrees of freedom ( hyperfine spin ) .	We demonstrate the violation of Bell-like inequality ( CHSH ) for such states that provides a unique opportunity to verify fundamental principle like quantum non-contextuality for commutating observables which are not spatially separated .	We also discuss the implication of our result in testing the quantum non-contextuality and Bell 's Inequality vioaltion by macroscopic quantum object like Bose-Einstein Condensate of ultra cold atoms .
+0	In this work , we address the problem to model all the nodes ( words or phrases ) in a dependency tree with the dense representations .	We propose a recursive convolutional neural network ( RCNN ) architecture to capture syntactic and compositional-semantic representations of phrases and words in a dependency tree .	Different with the original recursive neural network , we introduce the convolution and pooling layers , which can model a variety of compositions by the feature maps and choose the most informative compositions by the pooling layers .	Based on RCNN , we use a discriminative model to re-rank a $ k $ -best list of candidate dependency parsing trees .	The experiments show that RCNN is very effective to improve the state-of-the-art dependency parsing on both English and Chinese datasets .
+1	This system can be used to model the relevant transport of particles used e.g.in dose calculation in radiation therapy .	The paper considers a coupled system of linear Boltzmann transport equation ( BTE ) , and its Continuous Slowing Down Approximation ( CSDA ) .	The evolution of charged particles ( e.g.electrons and positrons ) are in practice often modelled using the CSDA version of BTE because of the so-called forward peakedness of scattering events contributing to the particle fluencies ( or particle densities ) , which causes severe problems for numerical methods .	First , we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions , under sufficient criteria and in appropriate $ L^2 $ -based spaces , of a single ( particle ) CSDA-equation by using two complementary techniques , the Lions-Lax-Milgram Theorem ( variational approach ) , and the theory evolution operators ( semigroup approach ) .	The necessary a priori estimates are shown .
+2	The theory is presented here for the Hubbard Hamiltonian .	Site-occupation embedding theory ( SOET ) is a density-functional theory ( DFT ) -based method which aims at modelling strongly correlated electrons .	It is in principle exact and applicable to model and quantum chemical Hamiltonians .	In contrast to conventional DFT approaches , the site ( or orbital ) occupations are deduced in SOET from a partially-interacting system consisting of one ( or more ) impurity site ( s ) and non-interacting bath sites .	The correlation energy of the bath is then treated implicitly by means of a site-occupation functional .
+0	Structural , vibrational and thermal properties of densified sodium silicate ( NS2 ) are investigated with classical molecular dynamics simulations of the glass and the liquid state .	A systematic investigation of the glass structure with respect to density was performed .	We observe a repolymerization of the network manifested by a transition from a tetrahedral to an octahedral silicon environment , the decrease of the amount of non-bridging oxygen atoms and the appearance of three-fold coordinated oxygen atoms ( triclusters ) .	Anomalous changes in the medium range order are observed , the first sharp diffraction peak showing a minimum of its full-width at half maximum according to density .	The previously reported vibrational trends in densified glasses are observed , such as the shift of the Boson peak intensity to higher frequencies and the decrease of its intensity .
+3	This phenomenon is experimentally verified by direct measurements of the local TDOS in Bi $ _2 $ Te $ _3 $ .	We explore a combined effect of hexagonal warping and of finite effective mass on both the tunneling density of electronic states ( TDOS ) and structure of Landau levels ( LLs ) of 3D topological insulators .	We find the increasing warping to transform the square-root van Hove singularity into a logarithmic one .	For moderate warping an additional logarithmic singularity and a jump in the TDOS appear .	By combining the perturbation theory and the WKB approximation we calculate the LLs in the presence of hexagonal warping .
+1	We find that the spatially resolved CO ( 3-2 ) , HCO+ ( 4-3 ) and the 880micron emission peaks between the two nuclear components that are both known to harbor AGNs .	We present ~2 '' resolution CO ( 3-2 ) , HCO+ ( 4-3 ) and 880micron continuum images of the luminous infrared galaxy NGC6240 obtained at the Submillimeter Array .	Our Large Velocity Gradient ( LVG ) analysis performed on each velocity channel suggests that the peak of the molecular gas emission traced in our observations is warm ( T = 20 - 100K ) , dense ( nH2 = 10^ ( 5.0 - 5.4 ) cm^-3 ) and moderately optically thin ( tau = 0.2 - 2 ) in the central 1 kpc .	We also find large column densities of ~10^ ( 23 ) cm^ ( -2 ) .	Such extreme conditions are observed over ~300 km s^ ( -1 ) centered around the CO derived systemic velocity .
+0	The semiclassical corrections to the Cardy-Verlinde entropy of a five-dimensional Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole ( SdS_5 ) are explicitly evaluated .	These corrections are considered within the context of KKW analysis and arise as a result of the self-gravitation effect .	In addition , a four-dimensional spacelike brane is considered as the boundary of the SdS_5 bulk background .	It is already known that the induced geometry of the brane is exactly given by that of a radiation-dominated FRW universe .	By exploiting the CFT/FRW-cosmology relation , we derive the self-gravitational corrections to the first Friedmann-like equation which is the equation of the brane motion .
+3	Our bijections naturally restrict to bijections between regions of the arrangements with a certain number of ceilings ( or floors ) and sequences with a given number of distinct elements .	The number of regions of the type A_ { n-1 } Shi arrangement in R^n is counted by the intrinsically beautiful formula ( n+1 ) ^ { n-1 } .	First proved by Shi , this result motivated Pak and Stanley as well as Athanasiadis and Linusson to provide bijective proofs .	We give a description of the Athanasiadis-Linusson bijection and generalize it to a bijection between the regions of the type C_n Shi arrangement in R^n and sequences a_1a_2 ... a_n , where a_i \in \ { -n , -n+1 , ... , -1 , 0 , 1 , ... , n-1 , n\ } , i \in [ n ] .	A special family of posets , whose antichains encode the regions of the arrangements , play a central role in our approach .
+4	For parameters typical for the LIGO project , we discuss numerical estimates .	We consider a solvable model of a laser-interferometer measuring a weak classical force .	The model takes into account dissipation of the energy by transfer to the environment at zero temperature .	The sensitivity ( the signal-to-noise ratio ) of the device is defined as the corresponding ratio between the mean value and the variance of a certain observable .	We analyze the dependence of the sensitivity upon the duration of the measurement and the photon number .
+4	We solve the equations of motion of the effective field theory within the WKB approximation and find the physical vacuum and the transitions between the false ( perturbative ) and physical vacua .	We argue that at sufficiently small Bjorken $ x $ where pQCD amplitude rapidly increases with energy and violates probability conservation the shadowing effects in the single-scale small $ x $ hard QCD processes can be described by an effective quantum field theory of interacting quasiparticles .	The quasiparticles are the perturbative QCD ladders .	We find , within the WKB approximation , that the smallness of the QCD coupling constant ensures the hierarchy among many-quasiparticle interactions evaluated within physical vacuum and in particular , the dominance in the Lagrangian of the triple quasiparticle interaction .	It is explained that the effective field theory considered near the perturbative QCD vacuum contains a tachyon relevant for the divergency of the perturbative QCD series at sufficiently small $ x $ .
+1	Alternatively , it can be derived in the Abelian Higgs field theory .	The Jacobs-Rebbi equation arises in many contexts where vortical motion in two-dimensional ideal media is investigated .	It is considered non-integrable and numerical solutions have been found , consisting of localised , robust vortices .	We show in this work that the equation is integrable and provide the Lax pair .	The exact solution is obtained in terms of Riemann \emph { theta } functions .
+2	To validate the code , we have studied the wakefield generation by an electromagnetic pulse propagating parallel to an external magnetic field .	We have here developed a particle-in-cell code accounting for the magnetic dipole force and for the magnetization currents associated with the electron spin .	The electrons is divided into spin-up and spin-down populations relative to the magnetic field , where the magnetic dipole force acts in opposite directions for the two species .	The properties of the generated wakefield is shown to be in good quantitative agreement with previous theoretical results .	Generalizations of the code to account for more quantum effects is discussed
+1	Issues such as J/Psi suppression and hydrodynamical flow in A+A collisions require data from LHC-Ions for an improved understanding .	Results from the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in p-p and Au+Au collisions are reviewed from the perspective of measurements in p-p collisions at the CERN-ISR which serve as a basis for many of the techniques used .	Suppression of high pT particles in Au+Au collisions , first observed at RHIC , also has unresolved mysteries such as the equality of the suppression of inclusive pi0 ( from light quarks and gluons ) and direct-single electrons ( from the decay of heavy quarks ) in the transverse momentum range 4 & lt ; pT & lt ; 9 GeV/c .	This disfavors a radiative explanation of suppression and leads to a fundamental question of whether the Higgs boson gives mass to fermions .	Observation of an exponential distribution of direct photons in central Au+Au collisions for 1 & lt ; pT & lt ; 2 GeV/c where hard-processes are negligible and with no similar exponential distribution in p-p collisions indicates thermal photon emission from the medium at RHIC , making PHENIX at the moment `` the hottest experiment in Physics '' .
+2	Here we theoretically show that supersymmetry emerges naturally in topological superconductors , which are well-known condensed matter systems .	In contrast to ordinary symmetries , supersymmetry interchanges bosons and fermions .	Originally proposed as a symmetry of our universe , it still awaits experimental verification .	Specifically , we argue that the quantum phase transitions at the boundary of topological superconductors in both two and three dimensions display supersymmetry when probed at long distances and times .	Supersymmetry entails several experimental consequences for these systems , such as , exact relations between quantities measured in disparate experiments , and in some cases , exact knowledge of the universal critical exponents .
+2	Characteristic signatures associated with both phenomena are distinct .	We review the evidence supporting valence-fluctuation mediated superconductivity in CeCu2Si2 and CeCu2Ge2 , where Tc reaches 2.4 K at high pressure .	In these systems the valence and magnetic critical points , at p_V and p_c respectively , are well separated .	In contrast , the valence and spin fluctuation regions appear much closer in most Ce based compounds .	Concerning d-transition metals , superconductivity in pure iron emerges in the pressure window 15-30 GPa with the onset of Tc up to almost 3 K. All relevant observations point to unconventional superconductivity , likely mediated by ferromagnetic spin fluctuations .
+3	Although the system is highly nonstationary over this time interval , a topological analysis allows us to extract a clearcut signature of deterministic chaos from a time series segment of only 9 base cycles ( 3 microseconds ) .	Although deterministic chaos has been predicted to occur in the triply resonant optical parametric oscillator ( TROPO ) fifteen years ago , experimental evidence of chaotic behavior in this system has been lacking so far , in marked contrast with most nonlinear systems , where chaos has been actively tracked and found .	This situation is probably linked to the high sensitivity of the TROPO to perturbations , which adversely affects stationary operation at high power .	We report the experimental observation in this system of a burst of irregular behavior of duration 80 microseconds .	This result suggests that nonstationarity is not necessarily an obstacle to the characterization of chaos .
+0	Disc non-axisymmetrc components , such as spirals and central bars , are nowadays known to play an important role in shaping galactic discs .	Here we use Tree-SPH N-body simulations to examine the effect of these perturbers on two aspects : the occurrence of multiple patterns in discs and the effects of radial migration on disc thickening .	We find that , in addition to a central bar , multiple spiral patterns and lopsided modes develop in all models .	Interaction among these asymmetric features results in a large scale stellar migration .	However , we show that , despite the strong radial mixing , discs can not be thickened sufficiently to match observed thick discs .
+0	When gas accretes onto a black hole , at a rate either much less than or much greater than the Eddington rate , it is likely to do so in an `` adiabatic '' or radiatively inefficient manner .	Under fluid ( as opposed to MHD ) conditions , the disk should become convective and evolve toward a state of marginal instability .	The resulting disk structure is `` gyrentropic , '' with convection proceeding along common surfaces of constant angular momentum , Bernoulli function and entropy , called `` gyrentropes . ''	We present a family of two-dimensional , self-similar models which describes the time-averaged disk structure .	We then suppose that there is a self-similar , Newtonian torque and that the Prandtl number is large .
+1	Photometric redshifts have been obtained for all these galaxies .	A combination of ground-based ( NTT and VLT ) and HST ( HDF-N and HDF-S ) public imaging surveys have been used to collect a sample of 1712 I-selected and 319 $ K\leq 21 $ galaxies .	The results have been compared with the prediction of an analytic rendition of the current CDM hierarchical models for galaxy formation .	We focus in particular on two observed quantities : the galaxy redshift distribution at K & lt ; 21 and the evolution of the UV luminosity density .	The derived photometric redshift distribution is in agreement with the hierarchical CDM prediction , with a fraction of only 5 % of galaxies detected at z & gt ; 2 .
+3	For instance , for large size disparities , adding a small amount of small particles at fixed packing fraction leads to a speed up in the long time dynamics , while at small size disparity it leads to a slowing down .	We analyze the glassy dynamics of a binary mixtures of hard disks in two dimensions .	Predictions of the Mode-Coupling theory ( MCT ) are tested with extensive Brownian dynamics simulations .	Measuring the collective particle density correlation functions in the vicinity of the glass transition we verify four predicted mixing effects .	Qualitative features of the non-ergodicity parameters and the $ \beta $ -relaxation which both depend in a non-trivial way on the mixing ratio are found in the simulated correlators .
+3	We also give its symmetry and holomorphy conditions .	We study a one-parameter family of the fourth-order ordinary differential equations obtained by similarity reduction of the modifed Sawada-Kotera equation .	We show that the birational transformations take this equation to the polynomial Hamiltonian system in dimension four .	We make this polynomial Hamiltonian from the viewpoint of accessible singularity and local index .	These properties are new .
+1	Special emphasis is given to their duality relations to the sets of superpositive and k-superpositive maps .	The structure of cones of positive and k-positive maps acting on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space is investigated .	We characterize k-positive and k-superpositive maps with regard to their properties under taking compositions .	A number of results obtained for maps are also rephrased for the corresponding cones of block positive , k-block positive , separable and k-separable operators , due to the Jamiolkowski-Choi isomorphism .	Generalizations to a situation where no such simple isomorphism is available are also made , employing the idea of mapping cones .
+1	Based on $ \hbar $ -scaling of an equation for time evolution of the Wigner 's quasi-probability distribution function in presence of dissipation and thermal diffusion we derive a semiclassical equation for quantum fluctuations .	We consider the quantum evolution of classically chaotic systems in contact with surroundings .	This identifies an early regime of evolution dominated by fluctuations in the curvature of the potential due to classical chaos and dissipation .	A stochastic treatment of this classical fluctuations leads us to a Fokker-Planck equation which is reminiscent of Kramers ' equation for thermally activated processes .	This reveals an interplay of three aspects of evolution of quantum noise in weakly dissipative open systems ; the reversible Liouville flow , the irreversible chaotic diffusion which is characteristic of the system itself , and irreversible dissipation induced by the external reservoir .
+2	During the first run in visitor mode , we observed the LMC Wolf-Rayet star BAT99 7 and the stars WR6 , WR7 , WR18 , and WR23 in our Galaxy .	To investigate if magnetic fields are present in Wolf-Rayet stars , we selected a few stars in the Galaxy and one in the Large Magellanic Cloud ( LMC ) .	We acquired low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations with the ESO FORS2 instrument during two different observing runs .	The second run in service mode was focused on monitoring the star WR6 .	Linear polarization was recorded immediately after the observations of circular polarization .
+1	Lo et al that they have for the first time made the decoy-state method efficiently work in practice is inappropriate .	The main claim by H.K .	We show that , prior to our work , actually ( and obviously ) none of proposals raised by H.K .	Lo et al can really work in practice .	Their main protocol requires infinite number of different coherent states which is in principle impossible for any set-up .
+0	We quantitatively scrutinize the effects of the radiation drag arising from the radiation fields in a galactic bulge in order to examine the possibility that the radiation drag could be an effective mechanism to extract angular momentum in a spheroidal system like a bulge and allow plenty of gas to accrete onto the galactic center .	For this purpose , we numerically solve the relativistic radiation hydrodynamical equation coupled with the accurate radiative transfer and quantitatively assess the radiation drag efficiency .	As a result , we find that in an optically thick regime the radiation drag efficiency is sensitively dependent on the density distributions of interstellar medium ( ISM ) .	The efficiency drops according to $ \tau_ { \rm T } ^ { -2 } $ in an optically thick { \it uniform } ISM , where $ \tau_ { \rm T } $ is the total optical depth of the dusty ISM , whereas the efficiency remains almost constant at a high level if the ISM is { \it clumpy } .	Hence , if the bulge formation begins with a star formation event in a clumpy ISM , the radiation drag will effectively work to remove the angular momentum and the accreted gas may form a supermassive black hole .
+3	This proceeding describes recent works showing that `` particle feedback , '' the back-reaction of drag forces on the gas in protoplanetary disks , promotes particle clumping as seeds for gravitational collapse .	Proposed mechanisms for the formation of km-sized solid planetesimals face long-standing difficulties .	Robust sticking mechanisms that would produce planetesimals by coagulation alone remain elusive .	The gravitational collapse of smaller solids into planetesimals is opposed by stirring from turbulent gas .	The idealized streaming instability demonstrates the basic ability of feedback to generate particle overdensities .
+1	We find the generalized equilibrium distribution function of neutrinos which depends on a single fermi-bose parameter , \kappa , and interpolates continuously between the bosonic and fermionic distributions when \kappa changes from -1 to +1 .	Neutrinos may possibly violate the spin-statistics theorem , and hence obey Bose statistics or mixed statistics despite having spin half .	We consider modification of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis ( BBN ) in the presence of bosonic or partly bosonic neutrinos .	For pure bosonic neutrinos the abundances change ( in comparison with the usual Fermi-Dirac case ) by -3.2 % for 4He ( which is equivalent to a decrease of the effective number of neutrinos by \Delta N_\nu = - 0.6 ) , +2.6 % for 2H and -7 % for 7Li .	These changes provide a better fit to the BBN data .
+4	In particular , we show that the fractal dimensions of these clusters are consistent with those of swollen branched polymers or branched polymers with screened excluded-volume interactions .	We carefully examine common measures of dynamical heterogeneity for a model polymer melt and test how these scales compare with those hypothesized by the Adam and Gibbs ( AG ) and random first-order transition ( RFOT ) theories of relaxation in glass-forming liquids .	To this end , we first analyze clusters of highly mobile particles , the string-like collective motion of these mobile particles , and clusters of relative low mobility .	We show that the time scale of the high-mobility clusters and strings is associated with a diffusive time scale , while the low-mobility particles ' time scale relates to a structural relaxation time .	We find a high degree of similarity in the geometrical structure of these particle clusters .
+1	We introduce the concept of a `` fluxon '' , a discretized field line .	We have developed a new , quasi-Lagrangian approach for numerical modeling of magnetohydrodynamics in low to moderate $ \beta $ plasmas such as the solar corona .	Fluxon models represent the magnetic field as a skeleton of such discrete field lines , and interpolate field values from the geometry of the skeleton where needed , reversing the usual direction of the field line transform .	The fluxon skeleton forms the grid for a collection of 1-D Eulerian models of plasma along individual flux tubes .	Fluxon models have no numerical resistivity , because they preserve topology explicitly .
+2	We obtain the finite meridional ray tracing equations by simply equating the arguments of the exponential rotation operators .	We derive the paraxial meridional ray tracing equations from the unified reflection-refraction law using geometric algebra .	This unified law states that the normal vector to the interface is a rotation of the incident ray or of the refracted ray or of the reflected ray by an angle equal to the angle of incidence or of refraction .	We then derive the paraxial limits of these equations with the help of sign function identities .	We show that by embedding the sign functions in the ray tracing equations , we explicitly declare our chosen sign conventions in symbols and not in prose .
+0	We compute the one-loop quantum corrections to the interactions between the two metrics of the ghost-free massive bigravity .	When considering gravitons running in the loops , we show how the structure of the interactions gets destabilized at the quantum level , exactly in the same way as in its massive gravity limit .	A priori one might have expected a better quantum behavior , however the broken diffeomorphism invariance out of the two initial diffeomorphisms in bigravity has similar consequences at the quantum level as the broken diffeomorphism in massive gravity .	From lessons of the generated quantum corrections through matter loops we propose yet other types of effective composite metrics to which the matter fields can couple .	Among these new effective metrics there might be one or more that could provide interesting phenomenology and important cosmological implications .
+0	Using sensitive centimeter-wave receivers mounted on the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland-Association millimeter arrays , we have obtained interferometric measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich ( SZ ) effect toward massive galaxy clusters .	We use the SZ data to determine the pressure distribution of the cluster gas and , in combination with published X-ray temperatures , to infer the gas mass and total gravitational mass of 18 clusters .	The gas mass fraction , f_g , is calculated for each cluster , and is extrapolated to the fiducial radius r_ { 500 } using the results of numerical simulations .	The mean f_g within r_ { 500 } is 0.081+0.009 -0.011/ ( h_ { 100 } ( statistical uncertainty at 68 % confidence level , assuming OmegaM=0.3 , OmegaL=0.7 ) .	We discuss possible sources of systematic errors in the mean f_g measurement .
+3	We use experimental data for more than half the elements in the Periodic Table to determine the dislocation density from both relations .	We present a theory of the melting of elemental solids as a dislocation-mediated phase transition .	We model dislocations near melt as non-interacting closed strings on a lattice .	In this framework we derive simple expressions for the melting temperature and latent heat of fusion that depend on the dislocation density at melt .	Melting temperatures yield a dislocation density of ( 0.61\pm 0.20 ) b^ { -2 } , in good agreement with the density obtained from latent heats , ( 0.66\pm 0.11 ) b^ { -2 } , where b is the length of the smallest perfect-dislocation Burgers vector .
+2	is smaller than the proper expression , by a factor of about twenty .	Lo , Sargent , and Young ( 1993 ) have recently concluded that the masses of some dwarf galaxies , as deduced by the modified dynamics ( MOND ) from the observed velocity dispersions , are systematically smaller than the observed masses , by a factor of ten or more .	We show here that the MOND mass estimator used by Lo et al .	We derive the proper mass estimator as an exact virial-like relation between the 3-D rms velocity , Vs , and the total mass , M , of an arbitrary , self-gravitating system , made of light constituents , that is everywhere in the very-low-acceleration regime of MOND .	This reads M= ( 9/4 ) Vs^2/G a0 .
+1	In these definitions , while the total force on the surface of a lattice system matches the force measured in a continuous system , the local pressure does not .	In lattice models local pressure on a surface is derived from the change in the free energy of the system due to the exclusion of a certain boundary site , while the total force on the surface can be obtained by a similar exclusion of all surface sites .	Moreover , in a lattice system , the sum of the local pressures is not equal to the total force as is required in a continuous system .	The difference is caused by correlation between occupations of surface sites as well as finite displacement of surface elements used in the definition of the pressures and the force .	This problem is particularly acute in the studies of entropic pressure of polymers represented by random or self-avoiding walks on a lattice .
+0	In a close encounter with a neutron star , a primordial black hole can get gravitationally captured by depositing a considerable amount of energy into nonradial stellar modes of very high angular number $ l $ .	If the neutron-star equation of state is sufficiently stiff , we show that the total energy loss in the point-particle approximation is formally divergent .	Various mechanisms -including viscosity , finite-size effects and the elasticity of the crust- can damp high- $ l $ modes and regularize the total energy loss .	Within a short time , the black hole is trapped inside the star and disrupts it by rapid accretion .	Estimating these effects , we predict that the existence of old neutron stars in regions where the dark-matter density rho_ { DM } & gt ; 10^2 sigma/ ( km/s ) GeV/cm^3 ( where sigma is the dark-matter velocity dispersion ) limits the abundance of primordial black holes in the mass range 10^ { 17 } g & lt ; m_ { PBH } & lt ; 10^ { 24 } g , which was previously unconstrained .
+1	Then , three important theorems for fluid dynamics are deduced .	The new proposed `` energy gradient theory , '' which physically explains the phenomena of flow instability and turbulent transition in shear flows and has been shown to be valid for parallel flows , is extended to curved flows in this study .	These theorems are ( 1 ) Potential flow ( inviscid and irrotational ) is stable .	( 2 ) Inviscid rotational ( nonzero vorticity ) flow is unstable .	( 3 ) Velocity profile with an inflectional point is unstable when there is no work input or output to the system , for both inviscid and viscous flows .
+4	In this approach , uncertainty is not a fundamental limitation of analysis , but rather a manifestation of the limited view of the observer .	This paper is a contribution to the old problem of representing a signal in the coordinates of time and frequency .	As the starting point , we abandon Gabor 's complex extension and re-evaluate fundamental principles of time-frequency analysis .	We provide a multicomponent model of a signal that enables rigorous definition of instantaneous frequency on a per-component basis .	Within our framework , we have shifted all uncertainty of the latent signal to its quadrature .
+1	In the past several values of the corresponding S-factor have been made available by different authors .	The p ( p , e^+ \nu_e ) ^2H reaction rate is an essential ingredient for theoretical computations of stellar models .	Prompted by a recent evaluation of S ( E ) , we analysed the effect of the adoption of different proton-proton reaction rates on stellar models , focusing , in particular , on the age of mid and old stellar clusters ( 1-12 Gyr ) and on standard solar model predictions .	By comparing different widely adopted p ( p , e^+ \nu_e ) ^2H reaction rates , we found a maximum difference in the temperature regimes typical of main sequence hydrogen-burning stars ( 5x10^6 - 3x10^7 K ) of about 3 % .	Such a variation translates into a change of cluster age determination lower than 1 % .
+2	The wavefunctions , Green 's functions and expectation values of the unperturbed Hamiltonian are expressed in terms of the spectral determinant of the perturbed Hamiltonian .	We derive semiclassical approximations for wavefunctions , Green 's functions and expectation values for classically chaotic quantum systems .	Our method consists of applying singular and regular perturbations to quantum Hamiltonians .	Semiclassical resummation methods for spectral determinants are applied and yield approximations in terms of a finite number of classical trajectories .	The final formulas have a simple form .
+3	On the other hand , we take advantage of two photon routers , consisting of electro-optically controllable couplers , to separate the paired photons and to perform a Bell state measurement , respectively .	We investigate an integrated optical circuit on lithium niobate designed to implement the teleportation-based quantum relay scheme for one-way quantum communication at a telecom wavelength .	Such an advanced quantum circuit merges for the first time , both optical-optical and electro-optical non-linear functions necessary to implement the desired on-chip single qubit teleportation .	On one hand , spontaneous parametric down-conversion is used to produce entangled photon-pairs .	After having validated all the individual functions in the classical regime , we have performed a Hong-Ou-Mandel ( HOM ) experiment to mimic a one-way quantum communication link .
+2	From simple experiments with corn he inferred the saturation of pressure with height in a granular system .	The German engineer H.A .	Janssen gave one of the first accounts of the often peculiar behavior of granular material in a paper published in German in 1895 .	Subsequently , Janssen derived the equivalent of the barometric formula for granular material from the main assumption that the walls carry part of the weight .	The following is a translation of this article .
+1	Balister , Bollob\'as , Sarkar and Walters proved that if $ k & lt ; 0.3043\log n $ then the probability that $ G $ is connected tends to 0 , whereas if $ k & gt ; 0.5139\log n $ then the probability that $ G $ is connected tends to 1 .	Let $ G=G_ { n , k } $ denote the graph formed by placing points in a square of area $ n $ according to a Poisson process of density 1 and joining each point to its $ k $ nearest neighbours .	We prove that , around the threshold for connectivity , all vertices near the boundary of the square are part of the ( unique ) giant component .	This shows that arguments about the connectivity of $ G $ do not need to consider `boundary ' effects .	We also improve the upper bound for the threshold for connectivity of $ G $ to $ k=0.4125\log n $ .
+1	In this paper we consider extensions of elasticity theory that allow us to describe elasticity of materials with fractional non-locality , memory and fractality .	Derivatives and integrals of non-integer order may have a wide application in describing complex properties of materials including long-term memory , non-locality of power-law type and fractality .	The basis of our consideration is an extension of the usual variational principle for fractional non-locality and fractality .	For materials with power-law non-locality described by Riesz derivatives of non-integer order , we suggest a fractional variational equation .	Equations for fractal materials are derived by a generalization of the variational principle for fractal media .
+4	Simulation results show that the quasi-banded approximation of the interference matrix is accurate enough to provide almost the same bit error rate performance as that of the optimal solution .	Multiple carrier frequency offsets ( CFOs ) present in the uplink of orthogonal frequency division multiple access ( OFDMA ) systems adversely affect subcarrier orthogonality and impose a serious performance loss .	In this paper , we propose the application of time domain receiver windowing to concentrate the leakage caused by CFOs to a few adjacent subcarriers with almost no additional computational complexity .	This allows us to approximate the interference matrix with a quasi-banded matrix by neglecting small elements outside a certain band which enables robust and computationally efficient signal detection .	The proposed CFO compensation technique is applicable to all types of subcarrier assignment techniques .
+2	Social media , however , is a forum where individuals of diverse backgrounds can share their thoughts and opinions .	The consequences of anthropogenic climate change are extensively debated through scientific papers , newspaper articles , and blogs .	Newspaper articles may lack accuracy , while the severity of findings in scientific papers may be too opaque for the public to understand .	As consumption shifts from old media to new , Twitter has become a valuable resource for analyzing current events and headline news .	In this research , we analyze tweets containing the word `` climate '' collected between September 2008 and July 2014 .
+0	Understanding the heating and cooling mechanisms in nearby ( Ultra ) luminous infrared galaxies can give us insight into the driving mechanisms in their more distant counterparts .	Molecular emission lines play a crucial role in cooling excited gas , and recently , with Herschel Space Observatory we have been able to observe the rich molecular spectrum .	CO is the most abundant and one of the brightest molecules in the Herschel wavelength range .	CO transitions are observed with Herschel , and together , these lines trace the excitation of CO. We study Arp 299 , a colliding galaxy group , with one component harboring an AGN and two more undergoing intense star formation .	For Arp 299 A , we present PACS spectrometer observations of high-J CO lines up to J=20-19 and JCMT observations of $ ^ { 13 } $ CO and HCN to discern between UV heating and alternative heating mechanisms .
+4	A `` reduced '' time ( $ \tau_ { reduced } $ ) is also studied , and found to scale in a non-trivial way .	We present results of numerical analysis of several simple models for the microstructure of a double auction market without intermediaries which were introduced in cond-mat/9808240 .	We perform computer simulations of the minimal model in order to verify liquidity scaling laws .	A logarithmic correction to the scaling law for midmarket variance is observed , but not for bid-offer spread or its fluctuation , because they are fundamentally different quantities .	Time to midmarket sale ( $ \tau_S $ ) is found to scale as 1/J while its fluctuation goes as $ 0.73/J $ .
+2	The present work explores a strategy of transporting particles between the trapping points established by multiple cylinders undergoing oscillations in sequential intervals .	A novel mechanism for the transport of microscale particles in viscous fluids is demonstrated .	The mechanism exploits the trapping of such particles by rotational streaming cells established in the vicinity of an oscillating cylinder , recently analyzed in previous work .	It is demonstrated that , by controlling the sequence of oscillation intervals , an inertial particle is effectively and predictably transported between the stable trapping points .	Arrays of cylinders in various arrangements are investigated , revealing a quite general technique for constructing arbitrary particle trajectories .
+4	Result 1 is the the first positive one for a base class that does not have a characterization with obstructions of bounded size .	Backdoor sets , a notion introduced by Williams et al .	in 2003 , are certain sets of key variables of a CNF formula F that make it easy to solve the formula ; by assigning truth values to the variables in a backdoor set , the formula gets reduced to one or several polynomial-time solvable formulas .	More specifically , a weak backdoor set of F is a set X of variables such that there exits a truth assignment t to X that reduces F to a satisfiable formula F [ t ] that belongs to a polynomial-time decidable base class C. A strong backdoor set is a set X of variables such that for all assignments t to X , the reduced formula F [ t ] belongs to C. We study the problem of finding backdoor sets of size at most k with respect to the base class of CNF formulas with acyclic incidence graphs , taking k as the parameter .	We show that 1. the detection of weak backdoor sets is W [ 2 ] -hard in general but fixed-parameter tractable for r-CNF formulas , for any fixed r & gt ; =3 , and 2. the detection of strong backdoor sets is fixed-parameter approximable .
+0	We re-examine the problem of the `` Loschmidt echo '' , which measures the sensitivity to perturbation of quantum chaotic dynamics .	The overlap squared $ M ( t ) $ of two wave packets evolving under slightly different Hamiltonians is shown to have the double-exponential initial decay $ \propto \exp ( - { \rm constant } \times e^ { 2\lambda_0 t } ) $ in the main part of phase space .	The coefficient $ \lambda_0 $ is the self-averaging Lyapunov exponent .	The average decay $ \bar { M } \propto e^ { -\lambda_1 t } $ is single exponential with a different coefficient $ \lambda_1 $ .	The volume of phase space that contributes to $ \bar { M } $ vanishes in the classical limit $ \hbar\to 0 $ for times less than the Ehrenfest time $ \tau_E=\fr { 1 } { 2 } \lambda_0^ { -1 } |\ln \hbar| $ .
+2	It is shown , that at small angles of falling of neutrons to a plane of converters it is possible to receive the efficiency of registration close to a theoretical limit .	We consider the results of modeling of the efficiency of registration of thermal neutrons by the converters , which are made from natural gadolinium and its 157 isotope foils .	Efficiency for a case of falling of neutrons under various angles to a plane of converters is calculated .	Efficiency of the complex converter made of kapton supporting film with gadolinium converters layered on both its sides is considered .	All calculations are carried out for four fixed neutron energies , which correspond to the wavelengths of 1 , 1.8 , 3 and 4 $ \AA $ .
+0	A system is glassy when the observation time is much smaller than the equilibration time .	A unifying thermodynamic picture of the glassy state is presented .	Slow configurational modes are in quasi-equilibrium at an effective temperature .	It enters thermodynamic relations with the configurational entropy as conjugate variable .	Slow fluctuations contribute to susceptibilities via quasi-equilibrium relations , while there is also a configurational term .
+4	We find that the classicality of an ensemble is closely related to how perfectly the ensemble can be cloned , and that the quantumness of an ensemble is essentially responsible for the security of quantum key distribution ( QKD ) protocols using that ensemble .	In this paper , we investigate the classicality and quantumness of a quantum ensemble .	We define a quantity called classicality to characterize how classical a quantum ensemble is .	An ensemble of commuting states that can be manipulated classically has a unit classicality , while a general ensemble has a classicality less than 1 .	We also study how quantum an ensemble is by defining a related quantity called quantumness .
+1	It is well-known that the set of points in $ % [ 0,1/ ( \beta -1 ) ] $ having unique $ \beta $ -expansion , in other words , those points whose orbits under greedy $ \beta $ -transformation escape a hole depending on $ \beta $ , is of zero Lebesgue measure .	Let $ 1 & lt ; \beta \leq 2 $ .	The corresponding escape rate is investigated in this paper .	A formula which links the Hausdorff dimension of univoque set and escape rate is established in this study .	Then we also proved that such rate forms a devil 's staircase function with respect to $ \beta $ .
+0	In this paper , we explore the astrophysical implications of near-field microlensing and its effects on stellar transit observations , with a special emphasis on the Kepler mission .	Kepler is a NASA-approved mission whose goal is to detect a large number of extrasolar , earth-like planets by obtaining near-continuous photometry of & gt ; 100,000 F , G , and K dwarfs for four years .	The expected photometric precision of Kepler is 90 micromag ( achieved in 15 minute samples ) , at which the effect of microlensing by a transiting companion can be significant .	For example , for a solar-type primary transited by a white-dwarf secondary , the maximum depth of the transit is 0.01 % , which is almost entirely compensated by the microlensing amplification when the white dwarf is at ~0.05 AU .	The combined effect of microlensing and transit increases to a net amplification of 150 micromag at an orbital separation of 0.1 AU , and 2.4 millimag at an orbital separation of 1 AU .
+3	Namely , the first reduced Lp-cohomology on homogeneous , closed at infinity , Riemannian manifolds vanishes .	We prove that the first reduced cohomology with values in a mixing Lp-representation , p larger than 1 , vanishes for a class of amenable groups including connected amenable Lie groups .	In particular this solves for this class of amenable groups a conjecture of Gromov saying that every finitely generated amenable group has no first reduced lp-cohomology .	As a byproduct , we prove a conjecture by Pansu .	We also prove that a Gromov hyperbolic geodesic metric measure space with bounded geometry admitting a bi-Lipschitz embedded 3-regular tree has non-trivial first reduced Lp-cohomology for large enough p. Combining our results with those of Pansu , we characterize Gromov hyperbolic homogeneous manifolds : these are the ones having non-zero first reduced Lp-cohomology for some p larger than 1 .
+3	We study the phase diagram of the model and comment on the eventual ( non ) occurrence of LOFF-like inhomogeneous superconducting phases .	We present a minimal holographic model for s-wave superconductivity with unbalanced Fermi mixtures , in 2+1 dimensions at strong coupling .	The breaking of a U ( 1 ) _A `` charge '' symmetry is driven by a non-trivial profile for a charged scalar field in a charged asymptotically AdS_4 black hole .	The chemical potential imbalance is implemented by turning on the temporal component of a U ( 1 ) _B `` spin '' field under which the scalar field is uncharged .	Moreover , we study `` charge '' and `` spin '' transport , implementing a holographic realization ( and a generalization thereof to superconducting setups ) of Mott 's two-current model which provides the theoretical basis of modern spintronics .
+0	A class of very energetic supernovae ( hypernovae ) is associated with long gamma-ray bursts , in particular with a less energetic but more frequent population of gamma-ray bursts .	Hypernovae also appear to be associated with mildly relativistic jets or outflows , even in the absence of gamma-ray bursts .	Here we consider radiation from charged particles accelerated in such mildly relativistic outflows with kinetic energies of ~10^ { 50 } erg .	The radiation processes of the primarily accelerated electrons considered are synchrotron radiation and inverse-Compton scattering of synchrotron photons ( synchrotron self-Compton ; SSC ) and of supernova photons ( external inverse-Compton ; EIC ) .	In the soft X-ray regime , both the SSC and EIC flux can be the dominant component , but due to their very different spectral shapes it should be easy to distinguish between them .
+2	Of certain interest is the ratio between the number of hits ( S ) and hosts ( H ) .	In the practical work of websites popularization , analysis of their efficiency and downloading it is of key importance to take into account web-ratings data .	The main indicators of website traffic include the number of unique hosts from which the analyzed website was addressed and the number of granted web pages ( hits ) per unit time ( for example , day , month or year ) .	In practice there is even used such a concept as `` average number of viewed pages '' ( S/H ) , which on default supposes a linear dependence of S on H. What actually happens is that linear dependence is observed only as a partial case of power dependence , and not always .	Another new power law has been discovered on the Internet , in particular , on the WWW .
+0	The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process ( TASEP ) is a well studied example of far-from-equilibrium dynamics .	Here , we consider a TASEP with open boundaries but impose a global constraint on the total number of particles .	In other words , the boundary reservoirs and the system must share a finite supply of particles .	Using simulations and analytic arguments , we obtain the average particle density and current of the system , as a function of the boundary rates and the total number of particles .	Our findings are relevant to biological transport problems if the availability of molecular motors becomes a rate-limiting factor .
+1	In [ 1 ] this problem was studied for multi-unit auctions with unit demand bidders and for the public project problem , and in each case social welfare undominated mechanisms in the class of feasible and incentive compatible mechanisms were identified .	We are interested in mechanisms that maximize social welfare .	One way to improve upon these optimality results is by allowing the players to move sequentially .	With this in mind , we study here sequential versions of two feasible Groves mechanisms used for single item auctions : the Vickrey auction and the Bailey-Cavallo mechanism .	Because of the absence of dominant strategies in this sequential setting , we focus on a weaker concept of an optimal strategy .
+0	Fossil galaxy groups are speculated to be old and highly evolved systems of galaxies that formed early in the universe and had enough time to deplete their $ L^ { * } $ galaxies through successive mergers of member galaxies , building up one massive central elliptical , but retaining the group X-ray halo .	Considering that fossils are the remnants of mergers in ordinary groups , the merger history of the progenitor group is expected to be imprinted in the fossil central galaxy ( FCG ) .	We present for the first time radial gradients of single-stellar population ( SSP ) ages and metallicites in a sample of FCGs to constrain their formation scenario .	Our sample comprises some of the most massive galaxies in the universe exhibiting an average central velocity dispersion of $ \sigma_0=271\pm28 $ km s $ ^ { -1 } $ .	Metallicity gradients are throughout negative with comparatively flat slopes of $ \nabla_ { [ \rm { Fe/H } ] } =- 0.19\pm0.08 $ while age gradients are found to be insignificant ( $ \nabla_ { \rm { age } } =0.00\pm0.05 $ ) .
+2	The specific properties of the states enter the physical factor only .	We derive the recurrence relation of irreducible tensor operator for O ( 4 ) in using the Wigner-Eckart theorem .	The physical process like radiative transitions in atomic physics , nuclear transitions between excited nuclear states can be described by the matrix element of an irreducible tensor , which is expressible in terms of a sum of products of two factors , one is a symmetry-related geometric factor , the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients , and the other is a physical factor , the reduced matrix elements .	It is precisely this fact that makes the Wigner-Eckart theorem invaluable in physics .	Often time one is interested in ratio of two transition matrix element where it is sufficient to regard only the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients .
+2	The vehicle studied is an Ahmed body with an angle of the rear end slanted surface of $ 30^ { \circ } $ .	Several three-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes ( URANS ) simulations of the passing generic vehicles ( Ahmed bodies ) are presented .	The relative motion of vehicles was obtained using a combination of deforming and sliding computational grids .	Several different relative velocities and transversal distances between vehicles were studied .	The aerodynamic influence of the passage on the overtaken vehicle was studied .
+2	The long time span of the Kepler Mission of 3.5 yrs , and the unprecedentedly high precision of its data provide a unique opportunity for the study of RR Lyrae stars .	We present the first results of our analyses of selected RR Lyrae stars for which data have been obtained by the Kepler Mission .	As expected , we find a significant fraction of the RRab stars to show the Blazhko effect , a still unexplained phenomenon that manifests itself as periodic amplitude and phase modulations of the light curve , on time scales of typically tens to hundreds of days .	Using data of a modulated star observed in the first roll as a showcase , we discuss the data , our analyses , findings , and their implications for our understanding of RR Lyrae stars and the Blazhko effect .	With at least 40 % of the RR Lyrae stars in our sample showing modulation , we confirm the high incidence rate that was only found in recent high-precision studies .
+4	Indeed , we show that various reflection principles for models of regular theories are equivalent to choice principles in the ambient set theory .	Classically , any structure for a signature { \Sigma } may be completed to a model of a desired regular theory T by means of the chase construction or small object argument .	Moreover , this exhibits Mod ( T ) as weakly reflective in Str ( { \Sigma } ) .	We investigate this in the constructive setting .	The basic construction is unproblematic , however , it is no longer a weak reflection .
+3	The ratio m/A requires fine-tuning , which may be justified on environmental grounds .	The parameter space for A-term inflation is explored with $ W=\lambda_p \phi^p/ ( p M_P^ { p-3 } ) $ .	With p=6 and \lambda_p~1 , the observed spectrum and spectral tilt can be obtained with soft mass of order 10^2 GeV but not with a much higher mass .	The case p=3 requires \lambda_p~10^ { -9 } to 10^ { -12 } .	An extension of the MSSM to include non-renormalizable terms and/or Dirac neutrino masses might support either A-term inflation or modular inflation .
+4	The Fermi function fits the density profile fairly well , with the value of $ T $ being reasonably close to the predicted value .	A one dimensional experiment in granular dynamics is carried out to test the thermodynamic theory of weakly excited granular systems [ Hayakawa and Hong , Phys.Rev.Lett .	78 , 2764 ( 1997 ) ] where granular particles are treated as spinless Fermions .	The density profile is measured and then fit to the Fermi distribution function , from which the global temperature of the system , $ T $ , is determined .	Then the center of mass , $ & lt ; z ( T ) & gt ; $ , and its fluctuations , $ & lt ; \Delta z ( T ) ^2 & gt ; $ , are measured and plotted as functions of $ T $ .
+1	The earlier approaches use locality-preserving hash functions ( that tend to map nearby points to the same value ) to construct several hash tables to ensure that the query point hashes to the same bucket as its nearest neighbor in at least one table .	In this paper we study the problem of finding the approximate nearest neighbor of a query point in the high dimensional space , focusing on the Euclidean space .	Our approach is different -- we use one ( or a few ) hash table and hash several randomly chosen points in the neighborhood of the query point showing that at least one of them will hash to the bucket containing its nearest neighbor .	We show that the number of randomly chosen points in the neighborhood of the query point $ q $ required depends on the entropy of the hash value $ h ( p ) $ of a random point $ p $ at the same distance from $ q $ at its nearest neighbor , given $ q $ and the locality preserving hash function $ h $ chosen randomly from the hash family .	Precisely , we show that if the entropy $ I ( h ( p ) |q , h ) = M $ and $ g $ is a bound on the probability that two far-off points will hash to the same bucket , then we can find the approximate nearest neighbor in $ O ( n^\rho ) $ time and near linear $ \tilde O ( n ) $ space where $ \rho = M/\log ( 1/g ) $ .
+0	We consider the problem of maximizing the algebraic connectivity of the communication graph in a network of mobile robots by moving them into appropriate positions .	We define the Laplacian of the graph as dependent on the pairwise distance between the robots and we approximate the problem as a sequence of Semi-Definite Programs ( SDP ) .	We propose a distributed solution consisting of local SDP 's which use information only from nearby neighboring robots .	We show that the resulting distributed optimization framework leads to feasible subproblems and through its repeated execution , the algebraic connectivity increases monotonically .	Moreover , we describe how to adjust the communication load of the robots based on locally computable measures .
+2	Quite recently , it was pointed out that the ECS have a `` new '' exponent 3 for `` tangential '' profile .	Below the roughening temperature , the equilibrium crystal shape ( ECS ) is composed of both facets and a smoothly curved surface .	As for the `` normal '' profile ( perpendicular to the facet contour ) , the ECS has the exponent 3/2 which is characteristic of systems in the Gruber-Mullins-Pokrovsky-Talapov ( GMPT ) universality class .	We first show that this behavior is universal because it is a direct consequence of the well-establised universal form of the vicinal-surface free energy .	Second , we give a universal relation between the amplitudes of the tangential and the normal profiles , in close connection with the universal Gaussian curvature jump at the facet edge in systems with short-range inter-step interactions .
+1	The sample consists of 21 flat-spectrum radio quasars ( FSRQs ) and 12 BL Lac objects ( BL Lacs ) .	We present $ \gamma $ -ray , X-ray , ultraviolet , optical , and near-infrared light curves of 33 $ \gamma $ -ray bright blazars over four years that we have been monitoring since 2008 August with multiple optical , ground-based telescopes and the Swift satellite , and augmented by data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and other publicly available data from Swift .	We identify quiescent and active states of the sources based on their $ \gamma $ -ray behavior .	We derive $ \gamma $ -ray , X-ray , and optical spectral indices , $ \alpha_\gamma $ , $ \alpha_X $ , and $ \alpha_o $ , respectively ( $ F_\nu\propto\nu^\alpha $ ) , and construct spectral energy distributions ( SEDs ) during quiescent and active states .	We analyze the relationships between different spectral indices , blazar classes , and activity states .
+2	Coupling mathematical modeling and experiments , we investigate the growth and motility of oncogene -- expressing human mammary epithelial cells under exposure to TGF -- $ \beta $ .	Transforming growth factor ( TGF ) $ \beta $ is known to have properties of both a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter .	While it inhibits cell proliferation , it also increases cell motility and decreases cell -- cell adhesion .	We use a version of the well -- known Fisher -- Kolmogorov equation , and prescribe a procedure for its parametrization .	We quantify the simultaneous effects of TGF -- $ \beta $ to increase the tendency of individual cells and cell clusters to move randomly and to decrease overall population growth .
+3	Similar relations for metrics of arbitrary signature on a manifold are considered .	We investigate connections between pairs of ( pseudo- ) Riemannian metrics whose sum is a ( tensor ) product of a covector field with itself .	A bijective mapping between the classes of Euclidean and Lorentzian metrics is constructed as a special result .	The existence of such maps on a differentiable manifold is discussed .	We point the possibility that any physical theory based on real Lorentzian metric ( s ) can be ( re ) formulated equivalently in terms of real Euclidean metric ( s ) .
+3	However , modern applications in statistics , engineering , and machine learning are posing problems with potentially tens of thousands of parameters or more .	The problem of minimizing a continuously differentiable convex function over an intersection of closed convex sets is ubiquitous in applied mathematics .	It is particularly interesting when it is easy to project onto each separate set , but nontrivial to project onto their intersection .	Algorithms based on Newton 's method such as the interior point method are viable for small to medium-scale problems .	We revisit this convex programming problem and propose an algorithm that scales well with dimensionality .
+3	To study this magnitude , we used collaboration networks that are specially appropriate to obtain valid statistical results due to the large size of publically available databases .	Random graphs are useful tools to study social interactions .	In particular , the use of weighted random graphs allows to handle a high level of information concerning which agents interact and in which degree the interactions take place .	Taking advantage of this representation , we recently defined a magnitude , the Social Inertia , that measures the eagerness of agents to keep ties with previous partners .	In this work , I study the Social Inertia in two of these empirical networks , IMDB movie database and condmat .
+2	We carried out the time-dependent ionization calculation in the magnetic reconnection structure .	We have studied the effect of time-dependent ionization and recombination processes on magnetic reconnection in the solar corona .	Petschek-type steady reconnection , in which model the magnetic energy is mainly converted at the slow-mode shocks , was assumed .	We only calculated the transient ionization of iron ; the other species were assumed to be in ionization equilibrium .	The intensity of line emissions at specific wavelengths were also calculated for comparison with { \it Hinode } or other observations in future .
+3	BICM is found to be suboptimal in the sense that its minimum energy per bit can be larger than the corresponding value for coded modulation schemes .	The wideband regime of bit-interleaved coded modulation ( BICM ) in Gaussian channels is studied .	The Taylor expansion of the coded modulation capacity for generic signal constellations at low signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) is derived and used to determine the corresponding expansion for the BICM capacity .	Simple formulas for the minimum energy per bit and the wideband slope are given .	The minimum energy per bit using standard Gray mapping on M-PAM or M^2-QAM is given by a simple formula and shown to approach -0.34 dB as M increases .
+3	We consider one dwarf spheroidal ( CenA-dE1 ) and two dwarf elliptical ( SGC1319.1-4216 and ESO269-066 ) galaxies that are dominated by an old population .	We investigate the resolved stellar content of early-type dwarf galaxies in the CenA group , in order to estimate the fraction of their intermediate-age populations .	We use near-infrared photometric data taken with the VLT/ISAAC instrument , together with previously analyzed archival HST/ACS data .	The combination of the optical and infrared wavelength range permits us to firmly identify luminous asymptotic giant branch stars , which are indicative of an intermediate-age population in these galaxies .	The most recent periods of star formation are estimated to have taken place between ~2 and ~5 Gyr ago for SGC1319.1-4216 and ESO269-066 , and approximately 9 Gyr ago for CenA-dE1 .
+4	We show that the success probability of the quantum scheme is better than the corresponding classical one and is information-theoretically optimal .	We describe a quantum scheme to `` color-code '' a set of objects in order to record which one is which .	In the classical case , N distinct colors are required to color-code N objects .	We show that in the quantum case , only N/e distinct `` colors '' are required , where e = 2.71828 ...	If the number of colors is less than optimal , the objects may still be correctly distinguished with some success probability less than 1 .
+1	We exhibit a reliable procedure for building the minimal set of hidden , Markovian states that is statistically capable of producing the behavior exhibited in the data -- the underlying process 's causal states .	We present a new algorithm for discovering patterns in time series and other sequential data .	Unlike conventional methods for fitting hidden Markov models ( HMMs ) to data , our algorithm makes no assumptions about the process 's causal architecture ( the number of hidden states and their transition structure ) , but rather infers it from the data .	It starts with assumptions of minimal structure and introduces complexity only when the data demand it .	Moreover , the causal states it infers have important predictive optimality properties that conventional HMM states lack .
+0	We compute the full contribution of flavor and ( or ) Lorentz anomalies to the thermodynamic partition function .	Apart from the Wess-Zumino consistency condition the Euclidean generating function must satisfy an extra requirement which we refer to as `consistency with the Euclidean vacuum . '	The latter requirement fixes all Chern-Simons terms that arise in a particular Kaluza-Klein reduction of the theory .	The solution to both conditions may be encoded in a `thermal anomaly polynomial ' which we compute .	Our construction fixes all the thermodynamic response parameters of a hydrodynamic theory associated with anomalies .
+0	We have calculated several representative models of vertical structure of an accretion disk around a supermassive Kerr black hole .	The interaction of radiation and matter is treated self-consistently , taking into account departures from LTE for calculating both the disk structure and the radiation field .	The structural equations are described in detail , and various approximations are discussed .	We have demonstrated that departures from LTE are very important for determining the disk structure , even at the midplane , as well as the emergent radiation , particularly for hot and electron -- scattering -- dominated disks .	We have shown that at least for the disk parameters studied in this paper , NLTE effects tend to reduce the value of the Lyman jump with respect to the LTE predictions , regardless whether LTE predicts an emission or absorption jump .
+0	We continue our study of intermediate sums over polyhedra , interpolating between integrals and discrete sums , which were introduced by A. Barvinok [ Computing the Ehrhart quasi-polynomial of a rational simplex , Math.Comp .	75 ( 2006 ) , 1449-1466 ] .	By well-known decompositions , it is sufficient to consider the case of affine cones s+c , where s is an arbitrary real vertex and c is a rational polyhedral cone .	For a given rational subspace L , we integrate a given polynomial function h over all lattice slices of the affine cone s + c parallel to the subspace L and sum up the integrals .	We study these intermediate sums by means of the intermediate generating functions $ S^L ( s+c ) ( \xi ) $ , and expose the bidegree structure in parameters s and $ \xi $ , which was implicitly used in the algorithms in our papers [ Computation of the highest coefficients of weighted Ehrhart quasi-polynomials of rational polyhedra , Found.Comput.Math .
+1	TSMs are new states of quantum matters , which are different with topological insulators .	We have given a summary on our theoretical predictions of three kinds of topological semimetals ( TSMs ) , namely , Dirac semimetal ( DSM ) , Weyl semimetal ( WSM ) and Node-Line Semimetal ( NLSM ) .	They are characterized by the topological stability of Fermi surface , whether it encloses band crossing point , i.e. , Dirac cone like energy node , or not .	They are distinguished from each other by the degeneracy and momentum space distribution of the nodal points .	To realize these intriguing topological quantum states is quite challenging and crucial to both fundamental science and future application .
+3	The QS accretion phase naturally extends the engine activity and can account for both the prompt emission and irregular early X-ray afterglow activity .	We present a three-stage model for a long GRB inner engine to explain the prompt gamma ray emission , and interpret recent Swift satellite observations of early X-ray afterglow plateaus followed by a sharp drop off or a shallow power law decay .	The three stages involves a neutron star phase , a quark star ( QS ) and a black hole phase as described in Staff et al . ( 2007 ) .	We find that the QS stage allows for more energy to be extracted from neutron star to QS conversion as well as from ensuing accretion onto the QS .	Following the accretion phase , the QS can spin-down by emission of a baryon-free outflow .
+0	The quantum max-flow min-cut conjecture relates the rank of a tensor network to the minimum cut in the case that all tensors in the network are identical\cite { mfmc1 } .	This conjecture was shown to be false in Ref .	\onlinecite { mfmc2 } by an explicit counter-example .	Here , we show that the conjecture is almost true , in that the ratio of the quantum max-flow to the quantum min-cut converges to $ 1 $ as the dimension $ N $ of the degrees of freedom on the edges of the network tends to infinity .	The proof is based on estimating moments of the singular values of the network .
+1	If the anomaly-mediated contributions to the potential are balanced by gravitational-strength interactions , we find a model-independent prediction for the GUT scale of order $ M_ { \rm Planck } / ( 16\pi^2 ) $ .	We consider models of anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking ( AMSB ) in which the grand unification ( GUT ) scale is determined by the vacuum expectation value of a chiral superfield .	The GUT threshold also affects superpartner masses , and can easily give rise to realistic predictions if the GUT gauge group is asymptotically free .	We give an explicit example of a model with these features , in which the doublet-triplet splitting problem is solved .	The resulting superpartner spectrum is very different from that of previously considered AMSB models , with gaugino masses typically unifying at the GUT scale .
+2	We report spatially and temporally resolved pump-probe studies of charge carriers in atomically-thin molybdenum disulfide samples fabricated by mechanical exfoliation .	Atomically-thin molybdenum disulfide is emerging as a new nanomaterial with potential applications in the fields of electronic and photonics .	Charge carrier dynamics plays an essential role in determining its electronic and optical properties .	Carriers are injected by interband absorption of a 390-nm pump pulse and detected by measuring differential reflection of a time-delayed and spatially-scanned probe pulse that is tuned to an exciton transition .	Several parameters on charge carrier dynamics are deduced , including carrier lifetime , diffusion coefficient , diffusion length , and mobility .
+0	We review the transmission of Dirac electrons through a potential barrier in the presence of circularly polarized light .	A different type of transmission is demonstrated and explained .	Perfect transmission for nearly head-on collision in inffnite graphene is suppressed in gapped dressed states of electrons .	We also present our results on enhanced mobility of hot Dirac electrons in nanoribbons and magnetoplasmons in graphene in the presence of the energy gap .	The calculated carrier mobility for a graphene nanoribbon as a function of the bias field possesses a high threshold for entering the nonlinear transport regime .
+4	We calculate the Z2 \times Z2 topological invariant in a simple way that is consistent with a general definition for 1-dimensional periodically driven quantum systems .	Discrete-time quantum walks have been shown to simulate all known topological phases in one and two dimensions .	Being periodically driven quantum systems , their topological description , however , is more complex than that of closed Hamiltonian systems .	We map out the topological phases of the particle-hole symmetric one-dimensional discrete-time quantum walk .	We find that there is no chiral symmetry in this system : its topology arises from the particle-hole symmetry alone .
+0	The symmetry-projected Hartree -- Fock ansatz for the electronic structure problem can efficiently account for static correlation in molecules , yet it is often unable to describe dynamic correlation in a balanced manner .	Here , we consider a multi-component , systematically-improvable approach , that accounts for all ground state correlations .	Our approach is based on linear combinations of symmetry-projected configurations built out of a set of non-orthogonal , variationally optimized determinants .	The resulting wavefunction preserves the symmetries of the original Hamiltonian even though it is written as a superposition of deformed ( broken-symmetry ) determinants .	We show how short expansions of this kind can provide a very accurate description of the electronic structure of simple chemical systems such as the nitrogen and the water molecules , along the entire dissociation profile .
+1	At finite density of electric charge or baryon number ( resulting either from nuclear stopping or from fluctuations ) , the triangle anomaly induces in the plasma the Chiral Magnetic Wave ( CMW ) .	The quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy ion collisions contains charged chiral fermions evolving in an external magnetic field .	The CMW first induces a separation of the right and left chiral charges along the magnetic field ; the resulting dipolar axial charge density in turn induces the oppositely directed vector charge currents leading to an electric quadrupole moment of the quark-gluon plasma .	Boosted by the strong collective flow , the electric quadrupole moment translates into the charge dependence of the elliptic flow coefficients , so that $ v_2 ( \pi^+ ) & lt ; v_2 ( \pi^- ) $ ( at positive net charge ) .	Using the latest quantitative simulations of the produced magnetic field and solving the CMW equation , we make further quantitative estimates of the produced $ v_2 $ splitting and its centrality dependence .
+4	We collected high resolution , high S/N spectra of 21 members covering a wide range of evolutionary status and measured their Na , O and Fe content .	Almost all globular clusters investigated exhibit a spread in their light element abundances , the most studied being a Na : O anticorrelation .	In contrast , open clusters show a homogeneous composition and are still regarded as Simple Stellar Populations .	The most probable reason for this difference is that globulars had an initial mass high enough to retain primordial gas and ejecta from the first stellar generation and thus formed a second generation with a distinct composition , an initial mass exceeding that of open clusters .	NGC 6791 is a massive open cluster , and warrants a detailed search for chemical inhomogeneities .
+0	The paper describes a method to understand time required to vaccinate against viruses in total as well as subpopulations .	As a demonstration , a model based estimate for time required to vaccinate H1N1 in India , given its administrative difficulties is provided .	We have proved novel theorems for the time functions defined in the paper .	Such results are useful in planning for future epidemics .	The number of days required to vaccinate entire high risk population in three subpopulations ( villages , tehsils and towns ) are noted to be 84 , 89 and 88 respectively .
+1	If changes in cloudiness play a part in climate change , their effect changes sign in Antarctica .	It has been proposed that galactic cosmic rays may influence the Earth 's climate by affecting cloud formation .	Satellite data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment ( ERBE ) are here used to calculate the changes in surface temperatures at all latitudes , due to small percentage changes in cloudiness .	The results match the observed contrasts in temperature changes , globally and in Antarctica .	Evidently clouds do not just respond passively to climate changes but take an active part in the forcing , in accordance with changes in the solar magnetic field that vary the cosmic-ray flux .
+1	They are , thus , a key determinant of the most important biogeochemical cycles in the planet .	Marine viruses shape the structure of the microbial community .	Therefore , a correct description of the ecological and evolutionary behavior of these viruses is essential to make reliable predictions about their role in marine ecosystems .	The infection cycle , for example , is indistinctly modeled in two very different ways .	In one representation , the process is described including explicitly a fixed delay between infection and offspring release .
+4	An applicability criterion is formulated as a restriction on variations of the action variable of the ray .	An analogue of the geometrical optics for description of the modal structure of a wave field in a range-dependent waveguide is considered .	In the scope of this approach the mode amplitude is expressed through solutions of the ray equations .	This analytical description accounts for mode coupling and remains valid in a nonadiabatic environment .	It has been used to investigate the applicability condition of the adiabatic approximation .
+2	Each dynamical variable ( spin ) is re-sampled from its equilibrium distribution only if the surrounding configuration fulfills a simple local constraint which \emph { does not involve } the chosen variable itself .	Facilitated or kinetically constrained spin models ( KCSM ) are a class of interacting particle systems reversible w.r.t .	to a simple product measure .	Such simple models are quite popular in the glass community since they display some of the peculiar features of glassy dynamics , in particular they can undergo a dynamical arrest reminiscent of the liquid/glass transitiom .	Due to the fact that the jumps rates of the Markov process can be zero , the whole analysis of the long time behavior becomes quite delicate and , until recently , KCSM have escaped a rigorous analysis with the notable exception of the East model .
+2	In this paper , we consider the class of looking-backward species sampling problems introduced in Lijoi et al . ( Ann.Appl.Probab .	Gibbs-type random probability measures and the exchangeable random partitions they induce represent the subject of a rich and active literature .	They provide a probabilistic framework for a wide range of theoretical and applied problems that are typically referred to as species sampling problems .	18 ( 2008 ) 1519-1547 ) in Bayesian nonparametrics .	Specifically , given some information on the random partition induced by an initial sample from a Gibbs-type random probability measure , we study the conditional distributions of statistics related to the old species , namely those species detected in the initial sample and possibly re-observed in an additional sample .
+0	A Chandra spectrum of the moderately active nearby F6 V star Pi3 Ori is used to study the coronal properties of mid-F dwarfs .	We find that Pi3 Ori 's coronal emission measure distribution is very similar to those of moderately active G and K dwarfs , with an emission measure peak near $ \log T=6.6 $ seeming to be ubiquitous for such stars .	In contrast to coronal temperature , coronal abundances are known to depend on spectral type for main sequence stars .	Based on this previously known relation , we expected Pi3 Ori 's corona to exhibit an extremely strong `` FIP effect , '' a phenomenon first identified on the Sun where elements with low `` First Ionization Potential '' ( FIP ) are enhanced in the corona .	We instead find that Pi3 Ori 's corona exhibits a FIP effect essentially identical to that of the Sun and other early G dwarfs , perhaps indicating that the increase in FIP bias towards earlier spectral types stops or at least slows for F stars .
+2	The best studied example is given by the $ \kappa $ -Poincar\'e Hopf algebra , associated with $ \kappa $ -Minkowski space .	It is possible that relativistic symmetries become deformed in the semiclassical regime of quantum gravity .	Mathematically , such deformations lead to the noncommutativity of spacetime geometry and non-vanishing curvature of momentum space .	On the other hand , the curved momentum space is a well-known feature of particles coupled to three-dimensional gravity .	The purpose of this thesis was to explore some properties and mutual relations of the above two models .
+2	This arises the question what information is stored according to QIT in molecules which are inherently quantum systems as well .	Quantum information theory ( QIT ) emerged in physics as standard technique to extract relevant information from quantum systems .	It has already contributed to the development of novel fields like quantum computing , quantum cryptography , and quantum complexity .	Rigorous analysis of the central quantities of QIT on systematic series of molecules offered the introduction of the concept of chemical bond and aromaticity directly from physical principles and notions .	We identify covalent bond , donor-acceptor dative bond , multiple bond , charge-shift bond , and aromaticity indicating unified picture of fundamental chemical models from ab initio .
+0	An overview is given of the construction of a differential polynomial ring of functions on the moduli space of Calabi-Yau threefolds .	These rings coincide with the rings of quasi modular forms for geometries with duality groups for which these are known .	They provide a generalization thereof otherwise .	Higher genus topological string amplitudes can be expressed in terms of the generators of this ring giving them a global description in the moduli space .	An action of a duality exchanging large volume and conifold loci in moduli space is discussed .
+4	Using a new rank variety type result for the support varieties of $ u_\zeta ( g ) $ , we prove that the injectivity of $ M $ for $ u_\zeta ( g ) $ can be detected by the restriction of $ M $ to a single root subalgebra .	Let $ u_\zeta ( g ) $ denote the small quantum group associated to the simple complex Lie algebra $ g $ , with parameter $ q $ specialized to a primitive $ \ell $ -th root of unity $ \zeta $ in the field $ k $ .	Generalizing a result of Cline , Parshall and Scott , we show that if $ M $ is a finite-dimensional $ u_\zeta ( g ) $ -module admitting a compatible torus action , then the injectivity of $ M $ as a module for $ u_\zeta ( g ) $ can be detected by the restriction of $ M $ to certain root subalgebras of $ u_\zeta ( g ) $ .	If the characteristic of $ k $ is positive , then this injectivity criterion also holds for the higher Frobenius -- Lusztig kernels $ U_\zeta ( G_r ) $ of the quantized enveloping algebra $ U_\zeta ( g ) $ .	Now suppose that $ M $ lifts to a $ U_\zeta ( g ) $ -module .
+0	One of the major problems in developing new physics scenarios is that very often the parameters can be adjusted such that in perturbation theory almost all experimental low-energy results can be accommodated .	It is therefore desirable to have additional constraints .	Field-theoretical considerations can provide such additional constraints on the low-lying spectrum and multiplicities of models .	Especially for theories with elementary or composite Higgs particle the Fr\ '' ohlich-Morchio-Strocchi mechanism provides a route to create additional conditions , though showing it to be at work requires genuine non-perturbative calculations .	The qualitative features of this procedure are discussed for generic 2-Higgs-doublet models , grand-unified theories , and technicolor-type theories .
+1	In contrast , we consider dynamics of a scalar with a flat effective potential , conformally coupled to gravity .	Usual inflation is realized with a slow rolling scalar field minimally coupled to gravity .	Surprisingly , it contains an attractor inflationary solution with the rapidly rolling inflaton field .	We discuss models with the conformal inflaton with a flat potential ( including hybrid inflation ) .	There is no generation of cosmological fluctuations from the conformally coupled inflaton .
+4	With a proper choice of parameters ( fine tuning ) , effective cosmological constant in this model provides the late time acceleration of the Universe .	We investigate a possibility for construction of the conventional Friedmann cosmology for our observable Universe if underlying theory is multidimensional Kaluza-Klein model endowed with a perfect fluid .	We show that effective Friedmann model obtained by dynamical compactification of the multidimensional one is faced with too strong variations of the fundamental `` constants '' .	From other hand , models with stable compactification of the internal space are free from this problem and also result in conventional 4D cosmological behavior for our Universe .	We prove a no-go theorem which shows that stable compactification of the internal spaces is possible only if equations of state in the external and internal spaces are properly adjusted to each other .
+2	We also verify a question posed by Kawamata : we show that $ D $ -equivalence and $ K $ -equivalence coincide for such variations .	We study the relationship between derived categories of factorizations on gauged Landau-Ginzburg models related by variations of the linearization in Geometric Invariant Theory .	Under assumptions on the variation , we show the derived categories are comparable by semi-orthogonal decompositions and describe the complementary components .	The results are applied to obtain a simple inductive description of derived categories of coherent sheaves on projective toric Deligne-Mumford stacks .	This recovers Kawamata 's theorem that all projective toric Deligne-Mumford stacks have full exceptional collections .
+2	The dynamical analysis hints the presence of a non-singular universe ( without the big bang singularity ) with two successive accelerated phases , one at the very early phase of the universe ( i.e.inflation ) , and the other one describes the current accelerating universe , where this early , late accelerated phases are associated with an unstable fixed point ( i.e.repeller ) and a stable fixed ( attractor ) points , respectively .	In a flat Friedmann-Lema\^ { \i } tre-Robertson-Walker ( FLRW ) geometry , we consider the expansion of the universe powered by the gravitationally induced `adiabatic ' matter creation .	To demonstrate how matter creation works well with the expanding universe , we have considered a general creation rate and analyzed this rate in the framework of dynamical analysis .	We have described this phenomena by analytic solutions of the Hubble function and the scale factor of the FLRW universe .	Using Jacobi Last multiplier method , we have found a Lagrangian for this matter creation rate describing this scenario of the universe .
+3	As a particular case , we derive an existence theorem for the fractional Laplacian , finding nontrivial solutions of the equation $ $ \left\ { \begin { array } { ll } ( -\Delta ) ^s u=f ( x , u ) & amp ; { \mbox { in } } \Omega\\ u=0 & amp ; { \mbox { in } } \erre^n\setminus \Omega .	This work is devoted to study the existence of infinitely many weak solutions to nonlocal equations involving a general integrodifferential operator of fractional type .	These equations have a variational structure and we find a sequence of nontrivial weak solutions for them exploiting the $ { \mathbb { Z } } _2 $ -symmetric version of the Mountain Pass Theorem .	To make the nonlinear methods work , some careful analysis of the fractional spaces involved is necessary .	\end { array } \right .
+3	We adopt the model of the supernova explosion of a 16.2 M_odot star , which corresponds to SN 1987A , and calculate the nucleosynthesis of the light elements by the postprocessing .	We study the nucleosyntheses of the light elements 7Li and 11B and the r-process elements in Type II supernovae from the point of view of supernova neutrinos and Galactic chemical evolution .	We investigate the influence of the luminosity and average energy ( temperature ) of supernova neutrinos on these two nucleosynthesis processes .	Common models of the total energy E_nu and the decay time of the neutrino luminosity tau_nu of supernova neutrinos are adopted to understand both processes .	We find that the ejected masses of 7Li and 11B are roughly proportional to the total neutrino energy and weakly dependent on the decay time of the neutrino luminosity .
+1	It is conjectures that $ \mathfrak { krv } \cong \mathbb { K } t \oplus \mathfrak { grt } _1 $ , where $ t $ is a generator of degree 1 and $ \mathfrak { grt } _1 $ is the Grothendieck-Teichm\ '' uller Lie algebra .	The Kashiwara-Vergne Lie algebra $ \mathfrak { krv } $ encodes symmetries of the Kashiwara-Vergne problem on the properties of the Campbell-Hausdorff series .	In the paper , we prove this conjecture in depth 2 .	The main tools in the proof are the divergence cocycle and the representation theory of the dihedral group $ D_ { 12 } $ .	Our calculation is similar to the calculation by Zagier of the graded dimensions of the double shuffle Lie algebra in depth 2 .
+0	Predictably sharing the network is critical to achieving high utilization in the datacenter .	Past work has focussed on providing bandwidth to endpoints , but often we want to allocate resources among multi-node services .	In this paper , we present Parley , which provides service-centric minimum bandwidth guarantees , which can be composed hierarchically .	Parley also supports service-centric weighted sharing of bandwidth in excess of these guarantees .	Further , we show how to configure these policies so services can get low latencies even at high network load .
+1	We give a similar description for the set of knots ( and more generally , boundary links ) in homology 3-spheres .	A celebrated theorem of Kirby identifies the set of closed oriented connected 3-manifolds with the set of framed links in $ S^3 $ modulo two moves .	As an application , we define a noncommutative version of the Alexander polynomial of a boundary link .	Our surgery view of boundary links is a key ingredient in a construction of a rational version of the Kontsevich integral , which is described in subsequent work .	The current version fixes minor typographical errors .
+1	While there have been recent results for specific graph classes , these involve fairly extensive technical arguments that are specialized to each specific graph class .	We provide a general framework for computing lower-bounds on the sample complexity of recovering the underlying graphs of Ising models , given i.i.d samples .	In contrast , we isolate two key graph-structural ingredients that can then be used to specify sample complexity lower-bounds .	Presence of these structural properties makes the graph class hard to learn .	We derive corollaries of our main result that not only recover existing recent results , but also provide lower bounds for novel graph classes not considered previously .
+4	We derive a formula for the number of frozen layers \mu_f , and compare our solution to the number of frozen layers in our simulated data .	Using a global equation of state , empirically derived by Luding , we accurately model the density profile of a two-dimensional hard sphere system with diameter D and mass m under gravity with a given temperature T [ Physica A , 271 , 192 ( 1999 ) ] .	We then compare our solutions to MD simulated data .	From the density profile , we can then solve for the critical temperature T_c , which we define as the temperature at which the system begins to condensate .	Then , if T is below T_c , there is some frozen portion of the system .
+1	There are many details still to be filled in , but few would seriously doubt the basic premise .	Research done during the previous century established our Standard Cosmological Model .	Past surveys have revealed that the large-scale distribution of galaxies in the Universe is far from random : it is highly structured over a vast range of scales .	To describe cosmic structures , we need to build mathematically quantifiable descriptions of structure .	Identifying where scaling laws apply and the nature of those scaling laws is an important part of understanding which physical mechanisms have been responsible for the organization of clusters , superclusters of galaxies and the voids between them .
+0	The nebula around eta Carinae consists of two distinct parts : the Homunculus and the outer ejecta .	The outer ejecta are mainly a collection of numerous filaments , shaped irregularly and distributed over an area of 1arcminx1arcmin .	While the Homunculus is mainly a reflection nebula , the outer ejecta are an emission nebula .	Kinematic analysis of the outer ejecta ( as the Homunculus ) show their bi-directional expansion .	Radial velocities in the outer ejecta reach up to & gt ; 2000km/s and the gas gives rise to X-ray emission .
+1	If it is energetic but { \it non-abelian } , the amplitude is given by a sum of factorized { \it quasi-particle } amplitudes .	The amplitude for emitting $ n $ bosons factorizes into the product of $ n $ single-boson emission amplitudes , if the source is energetic and abelian .	A quasi-particle is made up of an arbitrary number of bosons , but couples to the source like a single one .	Factorization is related to coherence , and it allows computation of subleading contributions not obtainable by usual means .	Its importance is illustrated in two applications : to solve the baryon problem in large- $ N_c $ QCD , and to obtain a total cross section satisfying the Froissart bound .
+1	These neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the conversion from a soluble normal cellular protein into insoluble abnormally folded infectious prions and the conversion is believed to involve conformational change from a predominantly alpha-helical protein to one rich in beta-sheet structure .	Prion diseases are invariably fatal and highly infectious neurodegenerative diseases that affect a wide variety of mammalian species such as sheep , goats , mice , humans , chimpanzees , hamsters , cattle , elks , deer , minks , cats , chicken , pigs , turtles , etc .	Such conformational changes may be amenable to study by molecular dynamics ( MD ) techniques .	For rabbits , classical studies show they have a low susceptibility to be infected , but in 2012 it was reported that rabbit prion can be generated ( though not directly ) and the rabbit prion is infectious and transmissible ( Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 109 ( 13 ) : 5080-5 ) .	This paper studies the NMR and X-ray molecular structures of rabbit prion protein wild-type and mutants by MD techniques , in order to understand the specific mechanism of rabbit prion protein and rabbit prions .
+1	With only the standard active neutrinos and power-law scalar spectra , this detection is in tension with the upper limit of r & lt ; 0.11 ( 95 % confidence ) from the lack of a corresponding low multipole excess in the temperature anisotropy from gravitational waves .	In light of the recent BICEP2 B-mode polarization detection , which implies a large inflationary tensor-to-scalar ratio r_ { 0.05 } =0.2^ { +0.07 } _ { -0.05 } , we re-examine the evidence for an extra sterile massive neutrino , originally invoked to account for the tension between the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) temperature power spectrum and local measurements of the expansion rate H0 and cosmological structure .	An extra sterile species with the same energy density as is needed to reconcile the CMB data with H0 measurements can also alleviate this new tension .	By combining data from the Planck and ACT/SPT temperature spectra , WMAP9 polarization , H_0 , baryon acoustic oscillation and local cluster abundance measurements with BICEP2 data , we find the joint evidence for a sterile massive neutrino increases to DeltaNeff=0.98\pm 0.26 for the effective number and ms= 0.52\pm 0.13 eV for the effective mass or 3.8 sigma and 4 sigma evidence respectively .	We caution the reader that these results correspond to a joint statistical evidence and , in addition , astrophysical systematic errors in the clusters and H0 measurements , and small-scale CMB data could weaken our conclusions .
+4	We also show that the new constants present a better asymptotic behavior .	A classical inequality due to Bohnenblust and Hille states that for every $ N \in \mathbb { N } $ and every $ m $ -linear mapping $ U : \ell_ { \infty } ^ { N } \times ... \times\ell_ { \infty } ^ { N } \rightarrow\mathbb { C } $ we have \ [ ( \sum\limits_ { i_ { 1 } , ... , i_ { m } =1 } ^ { N } | U ( e_ { i_ { ^ { 1 } } } , ... , e_ { i_ { m } } ) | ^ { \frac { 2m } { m+1 } } ) ^ { \frac { m+1 } { 2m } } \leq C_ { m } | U| ] where $ C_ { m } =2^ { \frac { m-1 } { 2 } } $ .	The result is also true for real Banach spaces .	In this note we show that an adequate use of a recent new proof of Bohnenblust-Hille inequality , due to Defant , Popa and Schwarting , combined with the optimal constants of Khinchine 's inequality ( due to Haagerup ) provides quite better estimates for the constants involved in the real Bohnenblust-Hille inequality .	For instance , for $ 2\leq m\leq 14 , $ we show that the constants $ C_ { m } =2^\frac { m-1 } { 2 } $ can be replaced by $ 2^ { \frac { m^ { 2 } +6m-8 } { 8m } } $ if $ m $ is even and by $ 2^ { \frac { m^ { 2 } +6m-7 } { 8m } } $ if $ m $ is odd , which substantially improve the known values of $ C_ { m } $ .
+1	When introduced , although it was tested and declared as secure , in 2005 , a researcher named Bernstein claimed that it is vulnerable to side channel attacks .	Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) is a symmetric key encryption algorithm which is extensively used in secure electronic data transmission .	The cache-based timing attack is the type of side channel attack demonstrated by Bernstein , which uses the timing variation in cache hits and misses .	This kind of attacks can be prevented by masking the actual timing information from the attacker .	Such masking can be performed by altering the original AES software implementation while preserving its semantics .
+1	We study the heat flow from $ \Omega $ into $ M-\Omega $ if the initial temperature distribution is the characteristic function of $ \Omega $ .	Let $ \Omega $ be an open set in a geodesically complete , non-compact , $ m $ -dimen-sional Riemannian manifold $ M $ with non-negative Ricci curvature .	We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition which ensures that an open set $ \Omega $ with infinite measure has finite heat content for all $ t & gt ; 0 $ .	We also obtain upper and lower bounds for the heat content of $ \Omega $ in $ M $ .	Two-sided bounds are obtained for the heat loss of $ \Omega $ in $ M $ if the measure of $ \Omega $ is finite .
+3	Our proof of the decomposition result differs from previous works of V. Bergelson , B .	We study the structure of multiple correlation sequences defined by measure preserving actions of commuting transformations .	When the iterates of the transformations are integer polynomials we prove that any such correlation sequence is the sum of a nilsequence and an error term that is small in uniform density ; this was previously known only for measure preserving actions of a single transformation .	We then use this decomposition result to give convergence criteria for multiple ergodic averages involving iterates that grow linearly , and prove the rather surprising fact that for such sequences , convergence results for actions of commuting transformations follow automatically from the special case of actions of a single transformation .	Host , B. Kra , and A. Leibman , as it does not rely on the theory of characteristic factors .
+4	With $ \sqrt { s } =14 $ TeV and luminosities of $ 100 $ and $ 300 $ fb $ ^ { -1 } $ , we find that the discovery significance of $ S/\sqrt { B } =5 $ could be easily reached if the production of dark matter is through the invisible decays of Higgs and new scalar boson .	A Higgs portal dark matter model for explaining the gamma-ray excess from Galactic center could be realized in the extension of local $ SU ( 2 ) _X $ gauge symmetry with one quadruplet .	Due to the residual $ Z_3 $ discrete symmetry of $ SU ( 2 ) _X $ , the new gauge bosons are the stable dark matter candidates .	Due to the mixture of standard model Higgs doublet and introduced quadruplet , dark matter could annihilate into the standard model particles through Higgs and new scalar portals .	We study the discovery significance of the vector dark matter at the LHC , where the involving parameters are consistent with the constraints from relic density and direct detection and with the data of Galactic center gamma-ray .
+4	Haloes with the bias we measure for the Mg II absorbers have a corresponding mass of 1.8 ( +4.2/-1.6 ) \times 10^12h-1M_sun , although the actual mean absorber halo mass will depend on the precise distribution of absorbers within DM haloes .	Strong foreground absorption features from singly-ionized Magnesium ( Mg II ) are commonly observed in the spectra of quasars and are presumed to probe a wide range of galactic environments .	To date , measurements of the average dark matter halo masses of intervening Mg II absorbers by way of large-scale cross-correlations with luminous galaxies have been limited to z & lt ; 0.7 .	In this work we cross-correlate 21 strong ( W { \lambda } 2796 & gt ; 0.6 { \deg } A ) Mg II absorption systems detected in quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 with ~32,000 spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at 0.7 & lt ; z & lt ; 1.45 from the DEEP2 galaxy redshift survey .	We measure dark matter ( DM ) halo biases of b_G=1.44\pm0.02 and b_A=1.49\pm0.45 for the DEEP2 galaxies and Mg II absorbers , respectively , indicating that their clustering amplitudes are roughly consistent .
+0	We have conducted a search of 19 southern Galactic globular clusters for sub-millisecond pulsars at 660 MHz with the Parkes 64-m radio telescope .	To minimize dispersion smearing we used the CPSR baseband recorder , which samples the 20 MHz observing band at the Nyquist rate .	By possessing a complete description of the signal we could synthesize an optimal filterbank in software , and in the case of globular clusters of known dispersion measure , much of the dispersion could be removed using coherent techniques .	This allowed for very high time resolution ( 25.6 us in most cases ) , making our searches in general sensitive to sub-millisecond pulsars with flux densities greater than about 3 mJy at 50 cm .	No new pulsars were discovered , placing important constraints on the proportion of pulsars with very short spin periods in these clusters .
+1	Since , in practice , observations of the sensors have measurement errors , the stochasticity of the data has to be incorporated into the models .	In real-time trajectory planning for unmanned vehicles , on-board sensors , radars and other instruments are used to collect information on possible obstacles to be avoided and pathways to be followed .	In this paper , we consider using a genetic algorithm for the constrained optimization problem of finding the trajectory with minimum length between two locations , avoiding the obstacles on the way .	To incorporate the variability of the sensor readings , we propose a more general framework , where the feasible regions of the genetic algorithm are stochastic .	In this way , the probability that a possible solution of the search space , say x , is feasible can be derived from the random observations of obstacles and pathways , creating a real-time data learning algorithm .
+4	We have used RADEX to compute the beam averaged abundances of o-H2O relative to H2 .	Aims .	We investigate the ortho-water abundance in outflows and shocks in order to improve our knowledge of shock chemistry and of the physics behind molecular outflows.Methods .	We have used the Odin space observatory to observe the H2O ( 110-101 ) line .	We obtain strip maps and single pointings of 13 outflows and two supernova remnants where we report detections for eight sources .
+2	To address this question , here we report new small-angle neutron scattering measurements of both the VL structure at higher temperatures , and the field- and temperature-dependence of the VL form factor .	The vortex lattice ( VL ) in the high-kappa superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 , at 2 K and with the magnetic field parallel to the crystal c-axis , undergoes a sequence of transitions between different structures as a function of applied magnetic field .	However , from structural studies alone , it is not possible to determine precisely the system anisotropy that governs the transitions between different structures .	Our measurements demonstrate how the influence of anisotropy on the VL , which in theory can be parameterized as nonlocal corrections , becomes progressively important with increasing magnetic field , and suppressed by increasing the temperature towards Tc .	The data indicate that nonlocality due to different anisotropies play important roles in determining the VL properties .
+1	In order to explore the sensitivity of the various differential flows to the nuclear equation of state ( EoS ) we use three different parameterizations of the scalar- and vector mean-fields , i.e.NL2 ( soft ) , NL23 ( medium ) and NL3 ( hard ) , with their momentum dependence fitted to the experimental Schrodinger equivalent potential ( at normal nuclear matter density rho_0 ) up to kinetic energies of 1 GeV .	We study the proton sideward and elliptic differential flow for Au+Au collisions at AGS energies ( 2 -- 8 A cdot GeV ) in a microscopic relativistic transport model that includes all baryon resonances up to a mass of 2 GeV as well as string degrees of freedom for the higher hadronic excitations .	We calculate the excitation function of sideward and elliptic flow within these parameter sets for Au+Au collisions and compare with the recent data from the E895 Collaboration as a function of rapidity , impact parameter and transverse momentum , respectively .	We find that the best description of the differential data is provided by a rather 'stiff ' EoS at 2 A cdot GeV ( NL3 ) while at higher bombarding energies ( 4 -- 8 A cdot GeV ) a 'medium ' EoS leads to the lowest chi^2 with respect to the data .	However , the differences in the transverse and elliptic flows ( from the different parameter sets ) become of minor significance at 4 -- 8 A cdot GeV .
+3	We show that there is exactly one of them , $ \mathcal { B } _0 $ , such that for any formal series solution $ \tilde { f } $ , $ \mathcal { B } _0 ( \tilde { f } ) $ differs from the optimal truncation of $ \tilde { f } $ by at most the order of the least term of $ \tilde { f } $ .	We prove that for divergent series solutions of nonlinear ( or linear ) differential systems near a generic irregular singularity , the common prescription of summation to the least term is , if properly interpreted , meaningful and correct , and we extend this method to transseries solutions .	In every direction in the complex plane at the singularity ( Stokes directions { \em not } excepted ) there exists a nonempty set of solutions whose difference from the `` optimally '' ( i.e. , near the least term ) truncated asymptotic series is of the same ( exponentially small ) order of magnitude as the least term of the series .	There is a family of generalized Borel summation formulas $ \mathcal { B } $ which commute with the usual algebraic and analytic operations ( addition , multiplication , differentiation , etc ) .	We show in addition that the Berry ( 1989 ) smoothing phenomenon is universal within this class of differential systems .
+3	Whereas in classical spin ices the excitations are akin to electrostatic charges , in the quantum spin liquid these charges interact through a dynamic and emergent electromagnetic field .	The spin ice materials , including Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7 , are rare earth pyrochlore magnets which , at low temperatures , enter a constrained paramagnetic state with an emergent gauge freedom .	Remarkably , the spin ices provide one of very few experimentally realised examples of fractionalization because their elementary excitations can be regarded as magnetic monopoles and , over some temperature range , the spin ice materials are best described as liquids of these emergent charges .	In the presence of quantum fluctuations , one can obtain , in principle , a quantum spin liquid descended from the classical spin ice state characterised by emergent photon-like excitations .	In this review , we describe the latest developments in the study of such a quantum spin ice , focussing on the spin liquid phenomenology and the kinds of materials where such a phase might be found .
+2	We define Schubert creation and annihilation mutations and show that our seeds are related by such mutations .	Let $ { \mathfrak p } \subset { \mathfrak g } $ be a parabolic subalgebra of s simple finite dimensional Lie algebra over $ { \mathbb C } $ .	To each pair $ w^ { \mathfrak a } \leq w^ { \mathfrak c } $ of minimal left coset representatives in the quotient space $ W_p\backslash W $ we construct explicitly a quantum seed $ { \mathcal Q } _q ( { \mathfrak a } , { \mathfrak c } ) $ .	We also introduce more elaborate seeds to accommodate our mutations .	The quantized Schubert Cell decomposition of the quantized generalized flag manifold can be viewed as the result of such mutations having their origins in the pair $ ( { \mathfrak a } , { \mathfrak c } ) = ( { \mathfrak e } , { \mathfrak p } ) $ , where the empty string $ { \mathfrak e } $ corresponds to the neutral element .
+2	The derived individual extinctions for blue and red luminous stars from the catalogue of Magnier et al .	An average value of the total-to-selective-extinction ratio R_V=3.8 +/- 0.4 in M31 is obtained by means of two independent methods and by use of the analytical formula of Cardelli , Clayton & amp ; Mathis ( 1989 ) .	This result differs from previous determinations as well from the `standard ' value 3.1 for the Milky Way .	( 1992 ) are in good agreement with recent estimates for several OB associations in M31 and thus the issue about the assumed optical opacity of the spiral disk still remains open .	The presented list of 113 red supergiant candidates in M31 with their extinctions and luminosities contains 60 new objects of this type which are not identified in other publications .
+3	We found that at a fixed length scale k the interaction reduces the range of shifts of the percolation threshold .	Recently , the effective medium approach using 2x2 basic cluster of model lattice sites to predict the conductivity of interacting droplets has been presented by Hattori et al .	To make a step aside from pure applications , we have studied earlier a multi-scale percolation , employing any kxk basic cluster for non-interacting particles .	Here , with interactions included , we examine in what way they alter the percolation threshold for any cluster case .	To determine the critical concentrations , the simplified model is used .
+0	Fritz Gesztesy 's varied and prolific career has produced many transformational contributions to the spectral theory of one-dimensional Schr\ '' odinger equations .	He has often done this by revisiting the insights of great mathematical analysts of the past , connecting them in new ways , and reinventing them in a thoroughly modern context .	In this short note we recall and relate some classic transformations that figure among Fritz Gestesy 's favorite tools of spectral theory , and indeed thereby make connections among some of his favorite scholars of the past , Bohl , Darboux , and Green .	After doing this in the context of one-dimensional Schr\ '' odinger equations on the line , we obtain some novel analogues for discrete one-dimensional Schr\ '' odinger equations .	\smallskip Dem einzigartigen Fritz gewidmet .
+0	We present ATCA results of a 3 and 7 mm continuum survey of 20 T Tauri stars in the Chamaeleon and Lupus star forming regions .	This survey aims to identify protoplanetary discs with signs of grain growth .	We detected 90 % of the sources at 3 and 7 mm , and determined the spectral slopes , dust opacity indices and dust disc masses .	We also present temporal monitoring results of a small sub-set of sources at 7 , 15 mm and 3+6 cm to investigate grain growth to cm sizes and constrain emission mechanisms in these sources .	Additionally , we investigated the potential correlation between grain growth signatures in the infrared ( 10 \mu m silicate feature ) and millimetre ( 1-3 mm spectral slope , { \alpha } ) .
+0	We present an analytic study of the physics of the glasma which is a strong classical gluon field created at early stage of high-energy heavy-ion collisions .	Our analysis is based on the picture that the glasma just after the collision is made of color electric and magnetic flux tubes extending in the longitudinal direction with their diameters of the order of 1/Q_s ( Q_s is the saturation scale of the colliding nuclei ) .	We find that both the electric and magnetic flux tubes expand outwards and the field strength inside the flux tube decays rapidly in time .	Next we investigate whether there exist instabilities against small rapidity-dependent perturbations for a fixed color configuration .	We find that the magnetic background field exhibits an instability induced by the fluctuations in the lowest Landau level , and it grows in the time scale of 1/Q_s .
+3	Our analysis considers such lock-free data structures that can be represented as linear combinations of fixed size retry loops .	This paper considers the modeling and the analysis of the performance of lock-free concurrent data structures .	Lock-free designs employ an optimistic conflict control mechanism , allowing several processes to access the shared data object at the same time .	They guarantee that at least one concurrent operation finishes in a finite number of its own steps regardless of the state of the operations .	Our main contribution is a new way of modeling and analyzing a general class of lock-free algorithms , achieving predictions of throughput that are close to what we observe in practice .
+2	Simple algebraic manipulations on determinants must be used in order to apply properly the Schwinger-DeWitt technique , or even the covariant perturbation theory ( Barvinsky and Vilkovisky , 1990 ) , which is used in the present work .	We analyse the Multiplicative Anomaly ( MA ) in the case of quantized massive fermions coupled to a background torsion .	The one-loop Effective Action ( EA ) can be expressed in terms of the logarithm of determinant of the appropriate first-order differential operator acting in the spinors space .	By this method , we calculate the finite non-local quantum corrections , and analyse explicitly the breakdown of those algebraic manipulations on determinants , called by MA .	This feature comes from the finite non-local EA , but does not affect the results in the UV limit , in particular the beta-functions .
+1	Different from previous results , our consideration includes the presence of resonance , resulted by overlaps of frequencies of different states .	In this paper we consider a resonance problem , in a generic regime , in the consideration of relaxation of ground states of semilinear Schrodinger equations .	All the known key results , proved under non-resonance conditions , have been recovered uniformly .	These are achieved by better understandings of normal form transformation and Fermi Golden rule .	Especially , we find that if certain denominators are zeros ( or small ) , resulted by the presence of resonances ( or close to it ) , then cancellations between terms make the corresponding numerators proportionally small .
+2	In addition to increasing the number of Z ( 4 ) noises , we find that increasing the number of nucleon sources for each configuration improves the signal significantly .	We study the strangeness electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon from the N_f=2+1 clover fermion lattice QCD calculation .	The disconnected insertions are evaluated using the Z ( 4 ) stochastic method , along with unbiased subtractions from the hopping parameter expansion .	We obtain G_M^s ( 0 ) = -0.017 ( 25 ) ( 07 ) , where the first error is statistical , and the second is the uncertainties in Q^2 and chiral extrapolations .	This is consistent with experimental values , and has an order of magnitude smaller error .
+0	Motivated by recent neutron scattering experiments in Fe-based superconductors , we study how the magnetic resonance in the superconducting state is affected by the simultaneous presence of either static or fluctuating magnetic orders using the random phase approximation .	We find that for the underdoped materials with coexisting superconducting and antiferromagnetic orders , spin rotational symmetry is explicitly broken at the ordering momentum $ Q_1 = ( \pi,0 ) $ .	Only the longitudinal susceptibility exhibits the resonance mode , whereas a spin-wave Goldstone mode develops in the transverse component .	Meanwhile , at the frustrated momentum $ Q_2 = ( 0 , \pi ) $ , the susceptibility becomes isotropic in spin space and the magnetic resonance exists for both components .	Furthermore , the resonance energies at $ Q_1 $ and $ Q_2 $ have distinct scales , which provides a natural explanation for the recently observed double resonance peaks .
+2	We provide exact formulas for the total number of orbits and the number of orbits having a given number of isomorphic representatives .	The number of maximal independent sets of the n-cycle graph C_n is known to be the nth term of the Perrin sequence .	The action of the automorphism group of C_n on the family of these maximal independent sets partitions this family into disjoint orbits , which represent the non-isomorphic ( i.e. , defined up to a rotation and a reflection ) maximal independent sets .	We also provide exact formulas for the total number of unlabeled ( i.e. , defined up to a rotation ) maximal independent sets and the number of unlabeled maximal independent sets having a given number of isomorphic representatives .	It turns out that these formulas involve both Perrin and Padovan sequences .
+4	I also consider examples in relativistic physics , where reformulations in terms of geometric algebra give rise to both computational and conceptual simplifications .	In this Master of Science Thesis I introduce geometric algebra both from the traditional geometric setting of vector spaces , and also from a more combinatorial view which simplifies common relations and operations .	This view enables us to define Clifford algebras with scalars in arbitrary rings and provides new suggestions for an infinite-dimensional approach .	Furthermore , I give a quick review of classic results regarding geometric algebras , such as their classification in terms of matrix algebras , the connection to orthogonal and Spin groups , and their representation theory .	A number of lower-dimensional examples are worked out in a systematic way using so called norm functions , while general applications of representation theory include normed division algebras and vector fields on spheres .
+3	Recent results on continuum-armed bandit problems and their generalizations imply lower bounds of $ \sqrt { t } $ , or stronger , for many infinite metric spaces such as the unit interval .	The Lipschitz multi-armed bandit ( MAB ) problem generalizes the classical multi-armed bandit problem by assuming one is given side information consisting of a priori upper bounds on the difference in expected payoff between certain pairs of strategies .	Classical results of ( Lai and Robbins 1985 ) and ( Auer et al .	2002 ) imply a logarithmic regret bound for the Lipschitz MAB problem on finite metric spaces .	Is this dichotomy universal ?
+2	More generally , one can consider two topologies , j contained in k , and the category of sheaves for j which are separated for k. The categories E of this form , for some C , j , and k , are the Grothendieck quasitoposes of the title , previously studied by Borceux and Pedicchio , and include many examples of categories of spaces .	A full reflective subcategory E of a presheaf category [ C* , Set ] is the category of sheaves for a topology j on C if and only if the reflection preserves finite limits .	Such an E is called a Grothendieck topos .	They also include the category of concrete sheaves for a concrete site .	We show that a full reflective subcategory E of [ C* , Set ] arises in this way for some j and k if and only if the reflection preserves monomorphisms as well as pullbacks over elements of E .
+4	An inversion of the observed spectra indicates that the magnetic field is weaker and more inclined in the dark cores as compared with the surrounding bright structures .	We present spectropolarimetric measurements of dark-cored penumbral filaments taken with Hinode at a resolution of 0.3 '' .	Our observations demonstrate that dark-cored filaments are more prominent in polarized light than in continuum intensity .	Far from disk center , the Stokes profiles emerging from these structures are very asymmetric and show evidence for magnetic fields of different inclinations along the line of sight , together with strong Evershed flows of at least 6-7 km/s .	In sunspots closer to disk center , dark-cored penumbral filaments exhibit regular Stokes profiles with little asymmetries due to the vanishing line-of-sight component of the horizontal Evershed flow .
+2	We demonstrate the correctness of the proposed scaling form and determine the scaling function for certain classes of gapless systems whose low energy physics is described by a conformal field theory .	We postulate the existence of universal crossover functions connecting the universal parts of the entanglement entropy to the low temperature thermal entropy in gapless quantum many-body systems .	These scaling functions encode the intuition that the same low energy degrees of freedom which control low temperature thermal physics are also responsible for the long range entanglement in the quantum ground state .	We also use our crossover formalism to argue that local systems which are `` natural '' can violate the boundary law at most logarithmically .	In particular , we show that several non-Fermi liquid phases of matter have entanglement entropy that is at most of order $ L^ { d-1 } \log { ( L ) } $ for a region of linear size $ L $ thereby confirming various earlier suggestions in the literature .
+3	The electron correlation is treated using a spectral density approach and J-T interaction is added to the model .	The Hubbard model has been employed successfully to understand many aspects of correlation driven physical properties , in particular , the magnetic order in itenerant electron systems .	In some systems such as Heusler alloys , manganites etc. , it is known that , in addition to magnetic order , distortion induced by Jahn-Teller ( J-T ) effect also exists .	In this paper , based on two-fold degenerate Hubbard model , the influence of magnetic order on J-T distortion is investigated .	We find that magnetic order and structural distortion coexist at low temperature $ T $ for a certain range of electron correlation strength $ U $ , J-T coupling strength $ G $ and band occupation $ n $ .
+3	On the theory side , we show that , while standard density functional theory is not capable of correctly describing van der Waals interactions , functionals especially designed to include van der Waals forces exist , yielding results in remarkable agreement with experiment .	Metal organic framework ( MOF ) materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their numerous applications in fields such as hydrogen storage , carbon capture , and gas sequestration .	In all these applications , van der Waals forces dominate the interaction between the small guest molecules and the walls of the MOFs .	In this review article , we describe how a combined theoretical and experimental approach can successfully be used to study those weak interactions and elucidate the adsorption mechanisms important for various applications .	From the experimental point of view , we show examples in which IR adsorption and Raman spectroscopy are essential to study molecule/MOF interactions .
+3	We show that , in the SCN model , the substitution rate decreases as longer time intervals are considered , and fluctuates strongly from one branch of the evolutionary tree to another , leading to a non-Poissonian statistics for the substitution process .	Neutral evolution is the simplest model of molecular evolution and thus it is most amenable to a comprehensive theoretical investigation .	In this paper , we characterize the statistical properties of neutral evolution of proteins under the requirement that the native state remains thermodynamically stable , and compare them to the ones of Kimura 's model of neutral evolution .	Our study is based on the Structurally Constrained Neutral ( SCN ) model which we recently proposed .	Such strong fluctuations are also due to the fact that neutral substitution rates for individual residues are strongly correlated for most residue pairs .
+4	The dependence of the temperature of the crystals on the excitation intensity is measured , and for some of the samples an anomalous dependence is found : the temperature of the crystal decreases as the excitation intensity increases .	A phonon-roton dispersion relation is proposed for the elementary excitations of a quantum biexcitonic liquid in semiconductors .	The proposed dispersion relation is used as a starting point for a calculation of the photoluminescence spectrum of the liquid and an analysis of its behavior under variation of the temperature and density of the biexcitonic liquid .	The parameters of the dispersion curve of elementary excitations of the quantum biexcitonic liquid are evaluated by fitting the calculated photoluminescence spectrum to the experimental spectrum of the biexcitonic liquid of semiconducting $ \beta $ -ZnP $ _ { 2 } $ crystals .	Experimental studies of how the photoluminescence spectrum of a biexcitonic liquid in $ \beta $ -ZnP $ _ { 2 } $ depends on the temperature and the intensity of the laser excitation confirm the initial theoretical model .
+4	The manner in which the columns in our simulations develop suggests that their evolution may result in extended sequences of radiation-induced star formation .	We present hydrodynamical simulations of the formation , structure and evolution of photoionized columns , with parameters based on those observed in the Eagle Nebula .	On the basis of these simulations we argue that there is no unequivocal evidence that the dense neutral clumps at heads of the columns were cores in the pre-existing molecular cloud .	In our simulations , a variety of initial conditions leads to the formation and maintenance of near-equilibrium columns .	Therefore , it is likely that narrow columns will often occur in regions with large-scale inhomogeneities , but that observations of such columns can tell us little about the processes by which they formed .
+2	Our work confirms some recent results of Texier and Hagendorf obtained by Dyson-Schmidt methods , and extends them to other observables and in presence of a drift .	We study the Sinai model for the diffusion of a particle in a one dimension random potential in presence of a small concentration $ \rho $ of perfect absorbers using the asymptotically exact real space renormalization method .	We compute the survival probability , the averaged diffusion front and return probability , the two particle meeting probability , the distribution of total distance traveled before absorption and the averaged Green 's function of the associated Schrodinger operator .	In particular the power law density of states is found to hold in all cases .	Irrespective of the drift , the asymptotic rescaled diffusion front of surviving particles is found to be a symmetric step distribution , uniform for $ |x| & lt ; { 1/2 } \xi ( t ) $ , where $ \xi ( t ) $ is a new , survival length scale ( $ \xi ( t ) =T \ln t/\sqrt { \rho } $ in the absence of drift ) .
+3	We study the FRR method together with a naive polynomial approach and find excellent agreement ~1 % with the experimental value of M_rho from the former approach .	Using the finite-range regularisation ( FRR ) of chiral effective field theory , the chiral extrapolation formula for the vector meson mass is derived for the case of partially-quenched QCD .	We re-analyse the dynamical fermion QCD data for the vector meson mass from the CP-PACS collaboration .	A global fit , including finite lattice spacing effects , of all 16 of their ensembles is performed .	These results are extended to the case of the nucleon mass .
+1	We consider initial data a bi-invariant function .	We consider the time dependent Schrodinger equation on a complex semi-simple Lie group .	We prove that if the initial data decays fast enough , and the solution decays fast enough at one time slice , then the solution hs to vanish identically for all time .	The hypothesis for decay we impose is shown to be optimal , uniqueness fails otherwise .	We also consider the Heisenberg roup .
+1	Our formulation bears some similarity to the Poisson structure for non-dissipative systems .	In this paper , we propose a novel algebraic and geometric description for the dissipative dynamics .	We develop a canonical description for constrained dissipative systems through an extension of the Dirac brackets concept , and we present a new formula for calculating Dirac brackets .	This formula is particularly useful in the description of dynamical systems with many second-class constraints .	After presenting the necessary formal background we illustrate our method on several examples taken from particle dynamics , continuum media physics and wave mechanics .
+1	In this context , apart from crystallographic x-ray and electron diffraction tools , polarized Raman spectroscopy and corresponding spectral imaging can be a promising crystallographic tool for determining both crystalline phase and orientation .	The polarized Raman spectroscopy is capable of giving confirmation regarding the crystalline phase as well as the crystallographic orientation of the sample .	Sub-micron sized hexagonal AlGaN crystallites are grown by a simple atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition technique using the self catalytic vapor-solid process under N-rich condition .	The crystallites are used for the polarized Raman spectra in different crystalline orientations along with spectral imaging studies .	The results obtained from the polarized Raman spectral studies shows single crystalline nature of sub-micron sized hexagonal AlGaN crystallites .
+0	We consider the Newtonian limit of modified theories of gravity that include inverse powers of the curvature in the action in order to explain the cosmic acceleration .	It has been shown that the simplest models of this kind are in conflict with observations at the solar system level .	In this letter we point out that when one adds to the action inverse powers of curvature invariants that do not vanish for the Schwarzschild geometry one generically recovers an acceptable Newtonian limit at small distances .	Gravity is however modified at large distances .	We compute the first correction to the Newtonian potential in a quite general class of models .
+4	The game domination number $ \gamma_g ( G ) $ of $ G $ is the length of the domination game in which Dominator starts and both players play optimally .	In the domination game , introduced by Bre\v { s } ar , Klav\v { z } ar and Rall in 2010 , Dominator and Staller alternately select a vertex of a graph $ G $ .	A move is legal if the selected vertex $ v $ dominates at least one new vertex -- that is , if we have a $ u\in N [ v ] $ for which no vertex from $ N [ u ] $ was chosen up to this point of the game .	The game ends when no more legal moves can be made , and its length equals the number of vertices selected .	The goal of Dominator is to minimize whilst that of Staller is to maximize the length of the game .
+1	A new analysis technique for extracting critical exponents is developed , using current-voltage ( $ J $ - $ E $ ) measurements .	The universal behavior of the continuous superconducting ( glass ) phase transition is studied in a YBa $ _2 $ Cu $ _3 $ O $ _ { 7-\delta } $ thin film .	The method places narrow limits on the glass scaling exponents , $ z_g $ and $ \nu_g $ , as well as the glass transition temperature , $ T_g ( H ) $ .	The universal values $ z_g = 3.8\pm 0.2 $ and $ \nu_g = 1.8\pm 0.1 $ are obtained .	Using these values , the data are scaled for fields in the range 1-9~T .
+1	However , we have recently discovered that these PDS are false positives resulting from the improper manipulation of non-simultaneous lightcurves .	Power density spectra ( PDS ) that are characteristic of low mass X-ray binaries ( LMXBs ) have been previously reported for M31 X-ray sources observed by XMM-Newton .	The lightcurves produced by the XMM-Newton Science Analysis Software ( SAS ) are non-synchronised by default .	This affects not only the combination of lightcurves from the three EPIC detectors ( MOS1 , MOS2 and pn ) , but also background subtraction in the same CCD .	It is therefore imperative that all SAS-generated lightcurves are synchronised by time filtering , even if the whole observation is to be used .
+0	New measurements using radio and plasma-wave instruments in interplanetary space have shown that nanometer-scale dust , or nanodust , is a significant contributor to the total mass in interplanetary space .	Better measurements of nanodust will allow us to determine where it comes from and the extent to which it interacts with the solar wind .	When one of these nanodust grains impacts a spacecraft , it creates an expanding plasma cloud , which perturbs the photoelectron currents .	This leads to a voltage pulse between the spacecraft body and the antenna .	Nanodust has a high charge/mass ratio , and therefore can be accelerated by the interplanetary magnetic field to speeds up to the speed of the solar wind : significantly faster than the Keplerian orbital speeds of heavier dust .
+1	As explained in Efroimsky and Goldreich ( 2004 ) , this opinion originated from a wrong interpretation of a ( mathematically correct ) result obtained in terms of non-osculating orbital elements .	It was believed until very recently that a near-equatorial satellite would always keep up with the planet 's equator ( with oscillations in inclination , but without a secular drift ) .	A similar analysis carried out in the language of osculating elements will endow the planetary equations with some extra terms caused by the planet 's obliquity change .	Some of these terms will be nontrivial , in that they will not be amendments to the disturbing function .	Due to the extra terms , the variations of a planet 's obliquity may cause a secular drift of its satellite orbit inclination .
+3	The amplitudes obtained by solving the coupled channel Bethe-Salpeter equations for the systems with total strangeness zero , show generation of one isospin 3/2 , spin 1/2 resonance and three isospin 1/2 resonances : two with spin 3/2 and one with spin 1/2 .	In this manuscript , I will report the details of our recent work on the vector meson-baryon ( VB ) interaction , which we studied with the motivation of finding dynamical generation of resonances in the corresponding systems .	We started our study by building a formalism based on the hidden local symmetry and calculating the leading order contributions to the scattering equations by summing the diagrams with : ( a ) a vector meson exchange in the t-channel ( b ) an octet baryon exchange in the s- , u-channels and ( c ) a contact interaction arising from the part of the vector meson-baryon Lagrangian which is related to the anomalous magnetic moment of the baryons .	We find the contribution from all these sources , except the s-channel , to be important .	We identify these resonances with $ \Delta $ ( 1900 ) $ S_ { 31 } $ , $ N^* $ ( 2080 ) $ D_ { 13 } $ , $ N^* $ ( 1700 ) $ D_ { 13 } $ , and $ N^* $ ( 2090 ) $ S_ { 11 } $ , respectively .
+4	Finally , there is a brief review of the history of the young exoplanet field , from the first detections to current state-of-the-art surveys for rocky worlds .	This chapter reviews various methods of detecting planetary companions to stars from an observational perspective , focusing on radial velocities , astrometry , direct imaging , transits , and gravitational microlensing .	For each method , this chapter first derives or summarizes the basic observable phenomena that are used to infer the ex- istence of planetary companions , as well as the physical properties of the planets and host stars that can be derived from the measurement of these signals .	This chapter then outlines the general experimental requirements to robustly detect the signals us- ing each method , by comparing their magnitude to the typical sources of measurement uncertainty .	This chapter goes on to compare the various methods to each other by outlining the regions of planet and host star parameter space where each method is most sensitive , stressing the complementarity of the ensemble of the methods at our disposal .
+2	The triplet to singlet relaxation time $ T_1 \approx 4 $ ms at zero magnetic field agrees with the theoretical prediction for $ J $ -coupled $ ^ { 31 } $ P dimers in silicon .	We present the experimental observation of a large exchange coupling $ J \approx 300 $ $ \mu $ eV between two $ ^ { 31 } $ P electron spin qubits in silicon .	The singlet and triplet states of the coupled spins are monitored in real time by a Single-Electron Transistor , which detects ionization from tunnel-rate-dependent processes in the coupled spin system , yielding single-shot readout fidelities above 95 % .	The time evolution of the 2-electron state populations gives further insight into the valley-orbit eigenstates of the donor dimer , valley selection rules and relaxation rates , and the role of hyperfine interactions .	These results pave the way to the realization of 2-qubit quantum logic gates with spins in silicon , and highlight the necessity to adopt gating schemes compatible with weak $ J $ -coupling strengths .
+0	This article discusses the difficulties that arose when attempting to specify and design a large scale digital learning environment for Scottish schools .	This had a potential user base of about 1 million users and was intended to replace an existing , under-used system .	We found that the potential system users were not interested in engaging with the project and that there were immense problems with system governance .	The only technique that we found to be useful were user stories , presenting scenarios of how the system might be used by students and their teachers .	The designed architecture was based around a layered set of replaceable services .
+1	Theoretical models , based primarily on semi-analytical techniques , have had a long-standing problem with reproducing these trends , instead predicting too few blue satellites in general but also estimating a radial distribution that is too shallow , regardless of primary mass .	Observationally , the fraction of blue satellite galaxies decreases steeply with host halo mass , and their radial distribution around central galaxies is significantly shallower in massive ( M_* & gt ; 10e11M_sun ) than in Milky Way like systems .	In this Letter , we use the Illustris cosmological simulation to study the properties of satellite galaxies around isolated primaries .	For the first time , we find good agreement between theory and observations .	We identify the main source of this success relative to earlier work to be a consequence of the large gas contents of satellites at infall , a factor ~5-10 times larger than in semi-analytical models .
+0	We calculate the cross section of the process e^+e^- \to t\bar t near threshold by resumming Coulomb-like terms with next-to-next-to-leading ( NNLO ) accuracy .	The nonrelativistic Green function formalism and the method of `` direct matching '' are used .	The NNLO correction turns out to be large , of the same size as the NLO correction .	It changes the position and the normalization of the 1S-peak .	The obtained results are compared with results existing in the literature .
+3	To illustrate the physical relevance and the general applicability of our results we present a series of examples related to the fields of open quantum systems and nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics .	We obtain exact analytic expressions for a class of functions expressed as integrals over the Haar measure of the unitary group in d dimensions .	Based on these general mathematical results , we investigate generic dynamical properties of complex open quantum systems , employing arguments from ensemble theory .	We further generalize these results to arbitrary eigenvalue distributions , allowing a detailed comparison of typical regular and chaotic systems with the help of concepts from random matrix theory .	These include the effect of initial correlations , the average quantum dynamical maps , the generic dynamics of system-environment pure state entanglement and , finally , the equilibration of generic open and closed quantum systems .
+0	Properties of the max- relative entropy of entanglement are investigated , and its significance as an upper bound to the one shot rate for perfect entanglement dilution , under a particular class of quantum operations , is discussed .	It is shown that it is in fact equal to another known entanglement monotone , namely the log robustness .	It is known that the latter is not asymptotically continuous and it is not known whether it is weakly additive .	However , by suitably modifying the max- relative entropy of entanglement we obtain a quantity which is seen to satisfy both these properties .	In fact , the modified quantity is shown to be equal to the regularised relative entropy of entanglement .
+1	Multilayer black phosphorus , with variable direct bandgap ( 0.3-2 eV ) depending on the layer number , becomes a good alternative as a universe saturable absorber for pulsed lasers .	It attracts wide interest to seek universe saturable absorber covering wavelengths from near infrared to mid-infrared band .	In this contribution , we first experimentally demonstrated broadband saturable absorption of multilayer black phosphorus from 1 { \mu } m to 2.7 { \mu } m wavelength .	With the as-fabricated black phosphorus nanoflakes as saturable absorber , stable Q-switching operation of bulk lasers at 1.03 { \mu } m , 1.93 { \mu } m , 2.72 { \mu } m were realized , respectively .	In contrast with large-bandgap semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides , such as MoS2 , MoSe2 , multilayer black phosphorus shows particular advantage at the long wavelength regime thanks to its narrow direct bandgap .
+4	A 48-replicate RNA-seq experiment in yeast was performed and data tested against theoretical models .	High-throughput RNA sequencing ( RNA-seq ) is now the standard method to determine differential gene expression .	Identifying differentially expressed genes crucially depends on estimates of read count variability .	These estimates are typically based on statistical models such as the negative binomial distribution , which is employed by the tools edgeR , DESeq and cuffdiff .	Until now , the validity of these models has usually been tested on either low-replicate RNA-seq data or simulations .
+0	We describe a technique for connecting a nanometer-scale gold grain to leads by atomic-scale gold point contacts .	These devices differ from previous metallic quantum dots in that the conducting channels are relatively well-transmitting .	We investigate the dependence of the Coulomb blockade on contact resistance .	The high-resistance devices display Coulomb blockade and the low-resistance devices display a zero-bias conductance dip , both in quantitative agreement with theory .	We find that in the intermediate regime , where the sample resistance is close to $ h/e^2 $ , the I-V curve displays a Coulomb staircase with symmetric contact capacitances .
+3	Our theoretical analysis is validated using simulations at 150 MHz , mainly for GMRT and also briefly for LOFAR .	We present two estimators to quantify the angular power spectrum of the sky signal directly from the visibilities measured in radio interferometric observations .	This is relevant for both the foregrounds and the cosmological 21-cm signal buried therein .	The discussion here is restricted to the Galactic synchrotron radiation , the most dominant foreground component after point source removal .	The Bare Estimator uses pairwise correlations of the measured visibilities , while the Tapered Gridded Estimator uses the visibilities after gridding in the uv plane .
+3	Electron yield from a solid carbon nanoparticle composed of fullerite , a crystalline form of C60 fullerene , is demonstrated to be several times higher than that from liquid water .	The production of secondary electrons generated by carbon nanoparticles and pure water medium irradiated by fast protons is studied by means of model approaches and Monte Carlo simulations .	It is demonstrated that due to a prominent collective response to an external field , the nanoparticles embedded in the medium enhance the yield of low-energy electrons .	The maximal enhancement is observed for electrons in the energy range where plasmons , which are excited in the nanoparticles , play the dominant role .	Decay of plasmon excitations in carbon-based nanosystems thus represents a mechanism of increase of the low-energy electron yield , similar to the case of sensitizing metal nanoparticles .
+0	In this paper , I give a pedagogical discussion of the GSI anomaly .	Using two different formulations , namely the intuitive Quantum Field Theory language of the second quantized picture as well as the language of amplitudes , I clear up the analogies and differences between the GSI anomaly and other processes ( the Double Slit experiment using photons , $ e^+ e^- \to \mu^+ \mu^- $ scattering , and charged pion decay ) .	In both formulations , the conclusion is reached that the decay rate measured at GSI can not oscillate if only Standard Model physics is involved and the initial hydrogen-like ion is no coherent superposition of more than one state ( in case there is no new , yet unknown , mechanism at work ) .	Furthermore , a discussion of the Quantum Beat phenomenon will be given , which is often assumed to be able to cause the observed oscillations .	This is , however , not possible for a splitting in the final state only .
+1	Several lines in the UV wavelength range present suitable sensitivity to determine the coronal magnetic field via the Hanle effect .	Our understanding of coronal phenomena , such as coronal plasma thermodynamics , faces a major handicap caused by missing coronal magnetic field measurements .	The latter is a largely unexplored diagnostic of coronal magnetic fields with a very high potential .	Here we study the magnitude of the Hanle-effect signal to be expected outside the solar limb due to the Hanle effect in polarized radiation from the H { \sc { i } } Ly $ \alpha $ and $ \beta $ lines , which are among the brightest lines in the off-limb coronal FUV spectrum .	For this purpose we use a magnetic field structure obtained by extrapolating the magnetic field starting from photospheric magnetograms .
+4	This process of depositing jets ' energy into the ambient medium is termed the it penetrating jet feedback mechanism .	We argue that jittering jets , i.e. , jets that have their launching direction rapidly change , launched by the newly formed neutron star in a core collapse supernova can explode the star .	We show that under a wide range of parameters the fast narrow jets deposit their energy inside the star via shock waves , and form two hot bubbles , that eventually merge , accelerate the rest of the star and lead to the explosion .	To prevent the jets from penetrating through the collapsing stellar core and escape with their energy , instead of forming the hot bubbles , the jets should be prevented from drilling a hole through the star .	This condition can be met if the jets ' axis rapidly changes its direction .
+2	All the mathematical expressions are presented using the curvature $ \k $ as a parameter , in such a way that they reduce to the appropriate property for the system on the sphere $ S^2 $ , or on the hyperbolic plane $ H^2 $ , when particularized for $ \k & gt ; 0 $ , or $ \k & lt ; 0 $ , respectively ; in addition , the Euclidean case arises as the particular case $ \k=0 $ .	The Kepler problem is a dynamical system that is well defined not only on the Euclidean plane but also on the sphere and on the Hyperbolic plane .	First , the theory of central potentials on spaces of constant curvature is studied .	In the second part we study the main properties of the Kepler problem on spaces with curvature , we solve the equations and we obtain the explicit expressions of the orbits by using two different methods : first by direct integration and second by obtaining the $ \k $ -dependent version of the Binet 's equation .	The final part of the article , that has a more geometric character , is devoted to the study of the theory of conics on spaces of constant curvature .
+3	In conventional meson and in baryon spectroscopy , evidence is emerging that one -- gluon -- exchange does not provide the appropiate means to understand low -- energy QCD ; instanton -- induced interactions yield much more insight .	Hadron spectroscopy has received revitalised interest due to the discovery of states with unexpected properties .	Discussed are the recent findings at BABAR , CLEO , BELLE and BES .	A detailed report is given on the many experiments reporting evidence ( or counter -- evidence ) for the $ \Theta^+ ( 1540 ) $ and other pentaquarks .	In particular the rich spectrum of baryon resonances is very well suited to test dynamical quark models using constituent quarks , a confinement potential plus some residual interactions .
+1	In this chapter we concentrate on the synergies that result from cross-correlating these different SKA data products as well as external correlation with the weak lensing measurements available from CMB missions .	By the time that the first phase of the Square Kilometre Array is deployed it will be able to perform state of the art Large Scale Structure ( LSS ) as well as Weak Gravitational Lensing ( WGL ) measurements of the distribution of matter in the Universe .	We show that the Dark Energy figures of merit obtained individually from WGL/LSS measurements and their independent combination is significantly increased when their full cross-correlations are taken into account .	This is due to the increased knowledge of galaxy bias as a function of redshift as well as the extra information from the different cosmological dependences of the cross-correlations .	We show that the cross-correlation between a spectroscopic LSS sample and a weak lensing sample with photometric redshifts can calibrate these same photometric redshifts , and their scatter , to high accuracy by modelling them as nuisance parameters and fitting them simultaneously cosmology .
+4	The scalar field appears as just avoiding the appearance of closed trapped surfaces while coming from the exterior region .	Physical arguments related with the existence of black hole solutions having a non trapping interior are discussed .	Massive scalar fields interacting with gravity are considered .	Interior asymptotic solutions showing a scalar field approaching a constant value at the horizon are given .	It is argued that the coupled Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations can be satisfied in the sense of the generalized functions after removing a particular regularization designed for matching the interior solution with an external Scwartzschild spacetime .
+1	Inspecting the light curves of these two classic Seyferts , we find evidence for at least five occurrences of a similar sequence of variations .	We draw attention to some intriguing coincident patterns in the optical light curves of NGC 4151 and NGC 5548 .	This pattern consists of a ~ 2 yr long sequence of shorter flares , with a total energy of 3 -- 5 10^ { 50 } ergs in the B-band .	We predict that the on-going monitoring campain on NGC 5548 should soon reveal more occurrences of this general pattern if it is truly recurrent .	We speculate on the possibility that this pattern is associated with a fundamental/universal `unit ' of variability in active galaxies , and discuss a possible connection with the variability properties of QSOs .
+0	In this article , we propose a design method of selfinterference cancelers for wireless relay stations taking account of the baseband signal subspace .	The problem is first formulated as a sampled-data $ H^ { \infty } $ control problem with a generalized sampler and a generalized hold , which can be reduced to a discretetime $ \ell^2 $ -induced norm minimization problem .	Taking account of the implementation of the generalized sampler and hold , we adopt the filter-sampler structure for the generalized sampler , and the uspampler-filter-hold structure for the generalized hold .	Under these implementation constraints , we reformulate the problem as a standard discrete-time $ H^ { \infty } $ control problem by using the discrete-time lifting technique .	A simulation result is shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method .
+3	We perform a series of simulations of complete phase transitions in the 2+1-dimensional U ( 1 ) -Abelian Higgs model , for a range of bubble wall velocities , in order to obtain a quantitative measure of the effect of bubble wall speed on the number density of topological defects .	In cosmological first-order phase transitions , the progress of true-vacuum bubbles is expected to be significantly retarded by the interaction between the bubble wall and the hot plasma .	It has been claimed that this leads to a significant reduction in the number of topological defects formed per bubble , as a result of phase equilibration between bubbles .	This claim has been verified for spontaneously-broken global symmetries .	We find that the number of defects formed is i ) significantly lower in the local than the global case and ii ) decreases exponentially as a function of wall velocity .
+2	We first derive a closed form expression for the spectral efficiency of the joint cooperative ARQ-AMC scheme .	In a cooperative relay network , a relay node ( R ) facilitates data transmission to the destination node ( D ) , when the latter is unable to decode the source node ( S ) data correctly .	This paper considers such a system model and presents a cross-layer approach to jointly design adaptive modulation and coding ( AMC ) at the physical layer and cooperative truncated automatic repeat request ( ARQ ) protocol at the data link layer .	Aiming at maximizing this performance measure , we then optimize two AMC schemes for S-D and R-D links , which directly satisfy a prescribed packet loss rate constraint .	As an interesting application , we also consider the problem of joint link adaptation and blockage mitigation in land mobile satellite communications ( LMSC ) .
+4	We find no wind absorption in the \ion { C } { 4 } 1550 \AA doublet observed at the same time as the \ion { C } { 2 } 1335 \AA line or in observations of \ion { O } { 6 } observed simultaneously with the \ion { C } { 2 } 1037 \AA line .	It has recently been suggested that the winds from Classical T Tauri stars in general , and the wind from TW Hya in particular , reaches temperatures of at least 300,000 K while maintaing a mass loss rate of $ \sim 10^ { -11 } $ \Msol yr $ ^ { -1 } $ or larger .	If confirmed , this would place strong new requirements on wind launching and heating models .	We therefore re-examine spectra from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope and spectra from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer satellite in an effort to better constrain the maximum temperature in the wind of TW Hya .	We find clear evidence for a wind in the \ion { C } { 2 } doublet at 1037 \AA and in the \ion { C } { 2 } multiplet at 1335 \AA .
+4	Therefore , at fixed time , the winding of the map is defined .	We consider harmonic maps from Minkowski space into the three sphere .	We are especially interested in solutions which are asymptotically constant , i.e.converge to the same value in all directions of spatial infinity .	Physical 3-space can then be compactified and can be identified topologically ( but not metrically ! )	with a three sphere .
+1	We propose a model of a three-tier supply chain in a decentralized state which includes a supplier , a manufacturer and a retailer .	In this paper , we establish a dynamic game to allocate CSR ( Corporate Social Responsibility ) to the members of a supply chain .	For analyzing supply chain performance in decentralized state and the relationships between the members of the supply chain , we use a Stackelberg game and consider in this paper a hierarchical equilibrium solution for a two-level game .	In particular , we formulate a model that crosses through multi-periods with the help of a dynamic discrete Stackelberg game .	We obtain an equilibrium point at which both the profits of members and the level of CSR taken up by supply chains is maximized .
+2	Our high-resolution Keck I/HIRES observations have revealed two interesting cases ( OGLE-TR-10 with a period of 3.1 days , and OGLE-TR-58 with a period of 4.3 days ) that show no radial velocity variations at the level of 100 -- 200 m/s .	We report the results of our campaign to follow-up spectroscopically several candidate extrasolar transiting planets from the OGLE-III survey in the direction of the Galactic center , announced in 2001 ( Udalski et al 2002a , b ) .	All of these objects present shallow and periodic dips in brightness that may be due to planetary companions .	If orbited by companions , their masses would be similar to Jupiter .	With the information in hand ( including the light curves ) we are not able to rule out that these candidates are instead the result of contamination from an eclipsing binary in the same line of sight ( a `` blend '' ) .
+1	The waveguide is a quasi-cylinder with contains periodic arrangement of inclusions .	We will study the spectral problem related to the Laplace operator in a singularly perturbed periodic waveguide .	On the boundary of the waveguide we consider both Neumann and Dirichlet conditions .	We will prove that provided the diameter of the inclusion is small enough in the spectrum of Laplacian opens spectral gaps , i.e.frequencies that does not propagate through the waveguide .	The existence of the band gaps will verified using the asymptotic analysis of elliptic operators .
+4	Till very recently , the power of computer simulation of radar signal return was available to a very selected few .	In the applications related to airborne radars , simulation has always played an important role .	This is mainly because of the two fold reason of the unavailability of desired data and the difficulty associated with the collection of data under controlled environment .	A simple example will be regarding the collection of pure multipolar radar data .	Even after phenomenal development in the field of radar hardware design and signal processing , till now the collection of pure multipolar data is a challenge for the radar system designers .
+2	It offers a number state-of-the-art training strategies for medium and large-scale learning , and routines for efficient model selection .	We present GURLS , a least squares , modular , easy-to-extend software library for efficient supervised learning .	GURLS is targeted to machine learning practitioners , as well as non-specialists .	The library is particularly well suited for multi-output problems ( multi-category/multi-label ) .	GURLS is currently available in two independent implementations : Matlab and C++ .
+1	The lattice can be used to test the chiral electromagnetism of hadrons and ultimately confront experiment .	The response of hadrons to electromagnetic probes is highly constrained by chiral dynamics ; but , in some cases , predictions have not compared well with experimental data .	We use background field techniques to study the electromagnetic polarizabilities of hadrons .	Focusing on simulations in background electric fields , we present preliminary results for both charged and neutral particle polarizabilities .	The former are extracted using a novel method .
+0	We consider the reflection equation algebra for a finite dimensional R-matrix for the $ ( h , w ) $ -deformed Heisenberg algebra $ { \cal U } _ { h , w } ( h ( 4 ) ) $ .	A representation of the reflection matrix $ K $ is constructed using the matrix generators $ L^ { ( \pm ) } $ of the $ { \cal U } _ { h , w } ( h ( 4 ) ) $ algebra .	A series of representations of the K-matrix then may be generated by using the coproduct rules of the $ { \cal U } _ { h , w } ( h ( 4 ) ) $ algebra .	The complementary condition necessary for combining two distinct solutions of the reflection equation algebra yields the braiding relations between these two sets of generators .	This may be thought as a generalization of Bose-Fermi statistics to braiding statistics , which them may be used to provide a new braided colagebraic structure to a Hopf algebra generated by the elements of the matrix $ K $ .
+3	In this paper we ask about the extent to which this vector bundle structure remains isomorphic .	The tangent bundle $ T^kM $ of order $ k $ , of a smooth Banach manifold $ M $ consists of all equivalent classes of curves that agree up to their accelerations of order $ k $ .	In the previous work of the author he proved that $ T^kM $ , $ 1\leq k\leq \infty $ , admits a vector bundle structure on $ M $ if and only if $ M $ is endowed with a linear connection or equivalently a connection map on $ T^kM $ is defined .	This bundle structure depends heavily on the choice of the connection .	To this end we define the notion of the $ k $ 'th order differential $ T^kg : T^kM\longrightarrow T^kN $ for a given differentiable map $ g $ between manifolds $ M $ and $ N $ .
+0	The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretic and numerical study of utilizing squeezing and phase shift in coherent feedback control of linear quantum optical systems .	A quadrature representation with built-in phase shifters is proposed for such systems .	Fundamental structural characterizations of linear quantum optical systems are derived in terms of the new quadrature representation .	These results reveal considerable insights of issue of physical realizability of such quantum systems .	The problem of coherent quantum LQG feedback control studied in [ 35,50 ] is re-investigated in depth .
+3	We also perform a global analysis of an inverted hierarchy GFV scenario , taking into account the experimental bounds from the measurements of relic density , EW precision observables and B-physics .	We discuss the consequences of relaxing the Minimal Flavour Violation assumption in the up-squark sector on the phenomenology of SUSY models .	We study the impact of the off-diagonal entries in the soft SUSY-breaking matrices on the mass of the lightest Higgs scalar and we derive the approximate analytical formulae that quantify this effect .	We show that $ m_h $ can be enhanced by up to 13-14 GeV in the case of the phenomenological MSSM with the inverted hierarchy of masses in the squark sector and zero stop mixing , and up to 4-5 GeV in GUT-constrained scenarios where the magnitude of the enhancement is mitigated by renormalization group effects .	We show that the allowed parameter space of the model is strongly constrained by $ m_W $ , $ \sin^2\theta_ { eff } $ and $ BR ( B_s \to \mu^+\mu^- ) $ , requiring $ m_0 ( 3 ) $ & lt ; 1500 GeV and $ m_ { 1/2 } $ & lt ; 1800 GeV , as well as a large non-zero ( 2,3 ) entry in the up-squark trilinear matrix .
+3	Vacancy moments have interactions that depend on their separation , their relative sublattice , and the phase of the model .	We study the physical consequences of site dilution in Kitaev 's honeycomb model , in both its gapped and gapless phases .	We show that a vacancy binds a flux of the emergent $ Z_2 $ gauge field and induces a local moment .	In the gapped phase this moment is free while in the gapless phase the susceptibility has the dependence $ \chi ( h ) \sim\ln ( 1/h ) $ on field strength $ h $ .	Strikingly , in the gapless phase , two nearby vacancies on the same sublattice have a parametrically larger $ \chi ( h ) \sim ( h [ \ln ( 1/h ) ] ^ { 3/2 } ) ^ { -1 } $ .
+3	Remarkably , this is the first Bell violation with spatially separated parties that is free of the post-selection loophole , which affected all previous in-field long-distance energy-time experiments .	Device-independent ( DI ) quantum communication will require a loophole-free violation of Bell inequalities .	In typical scenarios where line-of-sight between the communicating parties is not available , it is convenient to use energy-time entangled photons due to intrinsic robustness while propagating over optical fibers .	Here we show an energy-time Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality violation with two parties separated by 3.7 km over the deployed optical fiber network belonging to the University of Concepci\'on in Chile .	Our work takes a further step towards a fiber-based loophole-free Bell test , which is highly desired for secure quantum communication due to the widespread existing telecommunication infrastructure .
+0	The spatial distribution of the satellite populations of the Milky Way and Andromeda are puzzling in that they are nearly perpendicular to the disks of their central galaxies .	To understand the origin of such configurations we study the alignment of the central galaxy , satellite system and dark matter halo in the largest of the `` Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments '' ( EAGLE ) simulation .	We find that centrals and their satellite systems tend to be well aligned with their haloes , with a median misalignment angle of $ 33^ { \circ } $ in both cases .	While the centrals are better aligned with the inner $ 10 $ kpc halo , the satellite systems are better aligned with the entire halo indicating that satellites preferentially trace the outer halo .	The central - satellite alignment is weak ( median misalignment angle of $ 52^ { \circ } $ ) and we find that around $ 20\ % $ of systems have a misalignment angle larger than $ 78^ { \circ } $ , which is the value for the Milky Way .
+4	It was adopted by the community of quantum information .	There exist two formulations for quantum heat engine .	One is semi-classical scenario , and the other is full quantum scenario .	The former is formulated as a unitary evolution for the internal system , and is adopted by the community of statistical mechanics .	In the latter , the whole process is formulated as unitary .
+0	Atomic Force Microscopy ( AFM ) conventional static force curves and Force Feedback Microscopy ( FFM ) force curves acquired with the same cantilever at the solid/air and solid/liquid interfaces are here compared .	The capability of the FFM to avoid the jump to contact leads to the complete and direct measurement of the interaction force curve , including the attractive short-range van der Waals and chemical contributions .	Attractive force gradients five times higher than the lever stiffness do not affect the stability of the FFM static feedback loop .	The feedback loop keeps the total force acting on the AFM tip equal to zero , allowing the use of soft cantilevers as force transducers to increase the instrumental sensitivity .	The attractive interactions due to the nucleation of a capillary bridge at the native oxide silicon/air interface or due to a DLVO interaction at the mica/deionized water interface have been measured .
+2	In database systems , preferences are usually captured as preference relations that are used to build preference queries .	The notion of preference is becoming more and more ubiquitous in present-day information systems .	Preferences are primarily used to filter and personalize the information reaching the users of such systems .	In our approach , preference queries are relational algebra or SQL queries that contain occurrences of the winnow operator ( `` find the most preferred tuples in a given relation '' ) .	We present here a number of semantic optimization techniques applicable to preference queries .
+2	A novel achievability scheme is designed for this network .	In this paper , it is shown that for any given single-hop communication network with two receivers , splitting messages into more than two sub-messages in a random coding scheme is redundant .	To this end , the Broadcast Channel with Cognitive Relays ( BCCR ) is considered .	Our achievability design is derived by a systematic combination of the best known achievability schemes for the basic building blocks included in the network : the Han-Kobayashi scheme for the two-user interference channel and the Marton coding scheme for the broadcast channel .	Meanwhile , in our scheme each private message is split into only two sub-messages which is identically exploited also in the Han-Kobayashi scheme .
+0	The pre-Galactic abundance of lithium offers a unique window into non-thermal cosmological processes .	The primordial Li abundance is guaranteed to be present and probes big bang nucleosynthesis ( BBN ) , while an additional Li component is likely to have been produced by cosmic rays accelerated in large scale structure formation .	Pre-Galactic Li currently can only be observed in low metallicity Galactic halo stars , but abundance measurements are plagued with systematic uncertainties due to modeling of stellar atmospheres and convection .	We propose a new site for measuring pre-Galactic Li : low-metallicity , high-velocity clouds ( HVCs ) which are likely to be extragalactic gas accreted onto the Milky Way , and which already have been found to have deuterium abundances consistent with primordial .	A Li observation in such an HVC would provide the first extragalactic Li measurement , and could shed new light on the apparent discrepancy between BBN predictions and halo star Li abundance determinations .
+1	In this paper we consider the rate of convergence for the nearest neighbor estimator in case that the regression function is $ ( p , C ) $ -smooth .	In regression analysis one wants to estimate the regression function from a data .	It is an open problem whether the optimal rate can be achieved by some nearest neighbor estimator in case that $ p $ is on ( 1,1.5 ] .	We solve the problem affirmatively .	This is the main result of this paper .
+3	We find that , with the assumption of a J^P=3/2^- resonance with mass of 2.10 +- 0.03 GeV and width of 0.465 +- 0.141 GeV , LEPS data can indeed be well described .	We study whether the nonmonotonic behavior found in the differential cross section of the phi-meson photoproduction near threshold can be described by a resonance .	Namely , we add a resonance to a model consisting of Pomeron and ( pi , eta ) exchange by fiat and see if , with a suitable assignment of spin and parity , mass and width , as well as the coupling constants , one would be able to obtain a good description to all the data reported by the LEPS collaboration in the low-energy region .	The resonant contribution is evaluated by using an effective Lagrangian approach .	The ratio of the helicity amplitudes A_ ( 1/2 ) /A_ ( 3/2 ) calculated from the resulting coupling constants differs in sign from that of the known D13 ( 2080 ) .
+2	The energy of matter could thus contract space within matter ; and because of the inter-connectedness of space , cause the elongation of space outside of matter .	Gravitons should have momentum just as photons do ; and since graviton momentum would cause compression rather than elongation of spacetime outside of matter ; it does not appear that gravitons are compatible with Swartzchild 's spacetime curvature .	Also , since energy is proportional to mass , and mass is proportional to gravity ; the energy of matter is proportional to gravity .	And this would be compatible with Swartzchild spacetime curvature .	Since gravity could be initiated within matter by the energy of mass , transmitted to space outside of matter by the inter-connectedness of space ; and also transmitted through space by the same inter-connectedness of space ; and since spatial and relativistic gravities can apparently be produced without the aid of gravitons ; massive gravity could also be produced without gravitons as well .
+0	Recent advances in understanding of magnetohydrodynamic ( MHD ) turbulence call for revisions in the picture of cosmic ray transport .	In this paper we use recently obtained scaling laws for MHD modes to obtain the scattering frequency for cosmic rays .	We account for the turbulence cutoff arising from both collisional and collisionless damping .	We obtain the scattering rate and show that fast modes provide the dominant contribution to cosmic ray scattering for the typical interstellar conditions in spite of the fact that fast modes are subjected to damping .	We determine how the efficiency of the scattering depends on the characteristics of ionized media , e.g.plasma $ \beta $ .
+4	The ubiquity of discs on a small scale , on the other hand , mainly constrains the timespan over which the discs have been exposed to the ultraviolet field ( $ & lt ; 2 $ Myr ) .	We present models in which the photoevaporation of discs around young stars by an external ultraviolet source ( as computed by Adams et al 2004 ) is coupled with the internal viscous evolution of the discs .	These models are applied to the case of the Orion Nebula Cluster , where the presence of a strong ultraviolet field from the central OB stars , together with a detailed census of circumstellar discs and photoevaporative flows , is well established .	In particular we investigate the constraints that are placed on the initial disc properties in the ONC by the twin requirement that most stars possess a disc on a scale of a few A.U. , but that only a minority ( $ & lt ; 20 % $ ) are resolved by HST at a scale of 50 A.U.. We find that these requirements place very weak constraints on the initial radius distribution of circumstellar discs : the resulting size distribution readily forgets the initial radius distribution , owing to the strong positive dependence of the photoevaporation rate on disc radius .	Instead , the scarcity of large discs reflects the relative scarcity of initially massive discs ( with mass $ & gt ; 0.1 M_\odot $ ) .
+4	The results of computer simulations are presented .	We present an algorithm of clustering of many-dimensional objects , where only the distances between objects are used .	Centers of classes are found with the aid of neuron-like procedure with lateral inhibition .	The result of clustering does not depend on starting conditions .	Our algorithm makes it possible to give an idea about classes that really exist in the empirical data .
+2	The classification of endo-trivial modules is the crucial step for understanding the more general class of endo-permutation modules .	This paper is a major step in the classification of endotrivial modules over p-groups .	Let G be a finite p-group and k be a field of characteristic p. A kG-module M is an endo-trivial module if { \End_k ( M ) \cong k\oplus F } as kG-modules , where F is a free module .	The endo-permutation modules play an important role in module theory , in particular as source modules , and in block theory where they appear in the description of source algebras .	Endo-trivial modules are also important in the study of both derived equivalences and stable equivalences of group algebras and block algebras .
+4	We find that bistable tunneling current can exist for such systems due to the interplay of the on-site Coulomb interactions ( U ) between the $ p_z $ orbitals and the delocalized nature of conduction band states derived from the hybridization of $ p_x $ / $ p_y $ orbitals .	We demonstrate that two-dimensional ( 2D ) arrays of coupled quantum dots ( QDs ) with six-fold degenerate p orbitals can display bistable states , suitable for application in high-density memory device with low power consumption .	Due to the inter-dot coupling of $ p_x $ and $ p_y $ orbitals in these QD arrays , two dimensional conduction bands can be formed in the x-y plane , while the $ p_z $ orbitals remain localized in the x-y plane such that the inter-dot coupling between them can be neglected .	We model such systems by taking into account the on-site repulsive interactions between electrons in $ p_z $ orbitals and the coupling of the localized $ p_z $ orbitals with the 2D conduction bands formed by $ p_x $ and $ p_y $ orbitals .	The Green 's function method within an extended Anderson model is used to calculate the tunneling current through the QDs .
+1	While pathological , these phenomena are worth studying on at least two accounts .	Nonlinear waves have been observed in synchrotrons for years but have received little attention in the literature .	First , the formation of solitary waves may lead to droplet formation that causes significant beam halo to develop .	Secondly , a variety of nonlinear processes are likely involved in the normal saturation of unstable oscillations , leading to the possibility that low-level , but potentially broadband fluctuation spectra may develop .	Both features carry indirectly the signature of the machine impedance .
+2	The data analysis was based on radiative transfer simulations in 3D models of young stellar objects ( YSOs ) to reproduce the spectral energy distribution and the interferometric visibilities simultaneously .	We investigate the structure of the innermost region of three circumstellar disks around pre-main sequence stars HD 142666 , AS 205 N , and AS 205 S. We determine the inner radii of the dust disks and , in particular , search for transition objects where dust has been depleted and inner disk gaps have formed at radii of a few tenths of AU up to several AU .	We performed interferometric observations with IOTA , AMBER , and MIDI in the infrared wavelength ranges 1.6-2.5um and 8-13um with projected baseline lengths between 25m and 102m .	Accretion effects and disk gaps could be considered in the modeling approach .	Results from previous studies restricted the parameter space .
+0	We report the discovery in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of seventeen broad absorption line ( BAL ) quasars with high-ionization troughs that include absorption redshifted relative to the quasar rest frame .	The redshifted troughs extend to velocities up to v=12,000 km/s and the trough widths exceed 3000 km/s in all but one case .	Approximately 1 in 1000 BAL quasars with blueshifted C IV absorption also has redshifted C IV absorption ; objects with C IV absorption present only at redshifted velocities are roughly four times rarer .	In more than half of our objects , redshifted absorption is seen in C II or Al III as well as C IV , making low-ionization absorption at least ten times more common among BAL quasars with redshifted troughs than among standard BAL quasars .	However , the C IV absorption equivalent widths in our objects are on average smaller than those of standard BAL quasars with low-ionization absorption .
+2	We show that the critical temperature for condensation is lowered at extremely low magnetic fields , when the spin degree of freedom is thermally activated .	We study thermodynamic properties of a gas of spin 3 52Cr atoms across Bose Einstein condensation .	Magnetization is free , due to dipole-dipole interactions ( DDIs ) .	The depolarized gas condenses in only one spin component , unless the magnetic field is set below a critical value , below which a non ferromagnetic phase is favored .	Finally we present a spin thermometry efficient even below the degeneracy temperature .
+4	Furthermore , our unified coding can strictly outperform existing schemes .	In this paper , we take a unified approach for network information theory and prove a coding theorem , which can recover most of the achievability results in network information theory that are based on random coding .	The final single-letter expression has a very simple form , which was made possible by many novel elements such as a unified framework that represents various network problems in a simple and unified way , a unified coding strategy that consists of a few basic ingredients but can emulate many known coding techniques if needed , and new proof techniques beyond the use of standard covering and packing lemmas .	For example , in our framework , sources , channels , states and side information are treated in a unified way and various constraints such as cost and distortion constraints are unified as a single joint-typicality constraint .	Our theorem can be useful in proving many new achievability results easily and in some cases gives simpler rate expressions than those obtained using conventional approaches .
+4	We verify that this requirement extends to cortical maps of mo nkey and cat by direct statistical analysis .	Neurons in the visual cortex respond best to rod-like stimuli of given orientation .	While the preferred orientation varies continuously across most of the cortex , there are prominent pinwheel centers around which all orientations a re present .	Oriented segments abound in natural images , and tend to be collinear } ; neurons are also more likely to be connected if their preferred orientations are aligned to their topographic separation .	These are indications of a reduced symmetry requiring joint rotations of both orientation preference and the underl ying topography .
+1	[ 1 ] is applied to axial vector mesons .	The Poincare invariant coupled-channel formalism for two-particle systems interacting via one-particle exchange , which has been developed and applied to vector mesons in Ref .	We thereby extend the previous study of a dynamical treatment of the Goldstone-boson exchange by comparison with the commonly used instantaneous approximation to the case of orbital angular momentum l=1 .	Effects in the mass shifts show more variations than for the vector-meson case .	Results for the decay widths are sizable , but comparison with sparse experimental data is inconclusive .
+2	We find that both scenarios produce morphology similar to that observed in the outer disks of HD 141569A and HD 100546 ; moderately open 2-armed outer spiral structure .	With 2D hydrodynamical simulations of disks perturbed externally by stars , brown dwarfs or planets we investigate possible scenarios that can account for the spiral structure in circumstellar disks .	We consider two scenarios , spiral structure driven by an external bound planet or low mass star and that excited by a previous stellar close encounter or flyby .	The outer two-armed spiral structure observed in the disk of HD 141569A is qualitatively reproduced with tidal perturbations from its companion binary HD 141569B , C on a prograde orbit near periapse .	Our simulation accounts for the outer spiral arms , but is less successful than the secular model of Augereau and Papaloizou at matching the lopsidedness or asymmetry of the disk edge at 300AU .
+1	The permeate flux and the near-membrane concentration-polarization ( CP ) layer in this process is determined by advective-diffusive dispersion transport and the interplay of applied and osmotic transmembrane pressure contributions .	Membrane ultrafiltration ( UF ) is a pressure driven process allowing for the separation and enrichment of protein solutions and dispersions of nanosized microgel particles .	The UF performance is thus strongly dependent on the membrane properties , the hydrodynamic structure of the Brownian particles , their direct and hydrodynamic interactions , and the boundary conditions .	We present a macroscopic description of cross-flow UF of non-ionic microgels modeled as solvent-permeable spheres .	Our filtration model involves recently derived semi-analytic expressions for the concentration-dependent collective diffusion coefficient and viscosity of permeable particle dispersions [ Riest et al. , Soft Matter , 2015 , 11 , 2821 ] .
+1	Hard and soft processes are described in the same framework .	We estimate the value of the survival probability for central exclusive production , in a model , which is based on the CGC/saturation approach .	At LHC energies , we obtain a small value for the survival probability .	The source of the small value , is the impact parameter dependence of the hard amplitude .	Our model has successfully described a large body of soft data : elastic , inelastic and diffractive cross sections , inclusive production and rapidity correlations , as well as the $ t $ -dependence of deep inelastic diffractive production of vector mesons
+4	102 , 130602 ( 2009 ) ; S. Q. Sheng and Z. C. Tu , Phys.Rev .	We present a unified perspective on nonequilibrium heat engines by generalizing nonlinear irreversible thermodynamics .	For tight-coupling heat engines , a generic constitutive relation of nonlinear response accurate up to the quadratic order is derived from the symmetry argument and the stall condition .	By applying this generic nonlinear constitutive relation to finite-time thermodynamics , we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the universality of efficiency at maximum power , which states that a tight-coupling heat engine takes the universal efficiency at maximum power up to the quadratic order if and only if either the engine symmetrically interacts with two heat reservoirs or the elementary thermal energy flowing through the engine matches the characteristic energy of the engine .	As a result , we solve the following paradox : On the one hand , the universal quadratic term in the efficiency at maximum power for tight-coupling heat engines proved as a consequence of symmetry [ M. Esposito , K. Lindenberg , and C. Van den Broeck , Phys.Rev.Lett .
+4	We also list a number of conjectures and open problems .	For $ d \in \ { 1,2,3\ } $ , let $ ( B^d_t ; ~ t \geq 0 ) $ be a $ d $ -dimensional standard Brownian motion .	We study the $ d $ -Brownian span set $ Span ( d ) : =\ { t-s ; ~ B^d_s=B^d_t~\mbox { for some } ~0 \leq s \leq t\ } $ .	We prove that almost surely the random set $ Span ( d ) $ is $ \sigma $ -compact and dense in $ \mathbb { R } _ { + } $ .	In addition , we show that $ Span ( 1 ) =\mathbb { R } _ { + } $ almost surely ; the Lebesgue measure of $ Span ( 2 ) $ is $ 0 $ almost surely and its Hausdorff dimension is $ 1 $ almost surely ; and the Hausdorff dimension of $ Span ( 3 ) $ is $ \frac { 1 } { 2 } $ almost surely .
+1	They can be used in piezo bending actuators with a tunable curvature profile .	We present a method to produce in-plane polarized piezo films with a freely adjustable ratio of the strains in orthogonal in-plane directions .	The strains are obtained as mean strains from a periodic polarization pattern produced by a suitable doubly interdigitated electrode structure .	This mechanism is demonstrated for several examples using PZT sheets .	We further discuss how this tuning and the parameters of the electrode layout affect the overall magnitude of the displacement .
+4	We attribute the above results to strong LL coupling effect .	We study the localization properties in the transition from a two-dimensional electron gas at zero magnetic field into an integer quantum Hall ( QH ) liquid .	By carrying out a direct calculation of the localization length for a finite size sample using a transfer matrix technique , we systematically investigate the field and disorder dependences of the metal-insulator transition in the weak field QH regime .	We obtain a different phase diagram from the one conjectured in previous theoretical studies .	In particular , we find that : ( 1 ) the extended state energy $ E_ { c } $ for each Landau level ( LL ) is { \it always } linear in magnetic field ; ( 2 ) for a given Landau level and disorder configuration there exists a critical magnetic field $ B_ { c } $ below which the extended state disappears ; ( 3 ) the lower LLs are more robust to the metal-insulator transition with smaller $ B_ { c } $ .
+0	We present the results of Suzaku observation of the radio halo cluster Abell 2319 .	The metal abundance in the central cool region is found to be higher than the surrounding region , which was not resolved in the former studies .	We confirm that the line-of-sight velocities of the intracluster medium in the observed region are consistent with those of the member galaxies of entire A2319 and A2319A subgroup for the first time , though any velocity difference within the region is not detected .	On the other hand , we do not find any signs of gas motion relevant to A2319B subgroup .	Hard X-ray emission from the cluster is clearly detected , but its spectrum is likely thermal .
+4	A separation principle is presented , and we show how to design the observer and feedback independently to be consistent with the laws of quantum mechanics .	We previously extended Luenberger 's approach for observer design to the quantum case , and developed a class of coherent observers which tracks linear quantum stochastic systems in the sense of mean values .	In light of the fact that the Luenberger observer is commonly and successfully applied in classical control , it is interesting to investigate the role of coherent observers in quantum feedback .	As the first step in exploring observer-based coherent control , in this paper we study pole-placement techniques for quantum systems using coherent observers , and in such a fashion , poles of a closed-loop quantum system can be relocated at any desired locations .	In comparison to classical feedback control design incorporating the Luenberger observer , here direct coupling between a quantum plant and the observer-based controller are allowed to enable a greater degree of freedom for the design of controller parameters .
+0	Monte Carlo methods were used to calculate heat capacities as functions of temperature for classical atomic clusters of aggregate sizes $ 25 \leq N \leq 60 $ that were bound by pairwise Lennard-Jones potentials .	The parallel tempering method was used to overcome convergence difficulties due to quasiergodicity in the solid-liquid phase-change regions .	All of the clusters studied had pronounced peaks in their heat capacity curves , most of which corresponded to their solid-liquid phase-change regions .	The heat capacity peak height and location exhibited two general trends as functions of cluster size : for $ N = 25 $ to 36 , the peak temperature slowly increased , while the peak height slowly decreased , disappearing by $ N = 37 $ ; for $ N = 30 $ , a very small secondary peak at very low temperature emerged and quickly increased in size and temperature as $ N $ increased , becoming the dominant peak by $ N = 36 $ .	Superimposed on these general trends were smaller fluctuations in the peak heights that corresponded to `` magic number '' behavior , with local maxima found at $ N = 36 , 39 , 43 , 46 $ and 49 , and the largest peak found at $ N = 55 $ .
+2	By the arguments of Susskind/Witten ( in the AdS case ) and Gibbons/Hawking ( in the dS case ) , we expect correspondingly large entropies associated with these vacua .	Flux compactifications of string theory exhibiting the possibility of discretely tuning the cosmological constant to small values have been constructed .	The highly tuned vacua in this discretuum have curvature radii which scale as large powers of the flux quantum numbers , exponential in the number of cycles in the compactification .	If they are to provide a dual description of these vacua on their Coulomb branch , branes traded for the flux need to account for this entropy at the appropriate energy scale .	In this note , we argue that simple string junctions and webs ending on the branes can account for this large entropy , obtaining a rough estimate for junction entropy that agrees with the existing rough estimates for the spacing of the discretuum .
+3	We employ the lattice Boltzmann method for the simulations .	We experimentally and numerically investigate the flow of a Newtonian fluid through a constricted geometry for Reynolds numbers in the range $ 0.1 - 100 $ .	The major aim is to study non-linear inertia effects at larger Reynolds numbers ( & gt ; 10 ) on the shear stress evolution in the fluid .	This is of particular importance for blood flow as some biophysical processes in blood are sensitive to shear stresses , e.g. , the initialization of blood clotting .	The conclusion of the predictions is that the peak value of shear stress in the constriction grows disproportionally fast with the Reynolds number which leads to a non-linear shear stress accumulation .
+0	In this paper we consider the hyperbolic-elliptic system of two conservation laws that describes the dynamics of an elastic material governed by a non-monotone strain-stress function .	Following Abeyaratne and Knowles , we propose a notion of admissible weak solution for this system in the class of functions with bounded variation .	The formulation includes an entropy inequality , a kinetic relation ( imposed along any subsonic phase boundary ) , and an nucleation criterion ( for the appearance of new phase boundaries ) .	We prove the L1 continuous dependence of the solution to the Riemann problem .	Our main result yields the existence and the stability of propagating phase boundaries .
+3	We also prove an adjunction formula which gives a topological condition that will guarantee a curve in a given homotopy class is embedded , extending previous work of Hutchings .	We study the intersection theory of punctured pseudoholomorphic curves in 4-dimensional symplectic cobordisms .	We first study the local intersection properties of such curves at the punctures .	We then use this to develop topological controls on the intersection number of two curves .	We then turn our attention to curves in the symplectization $ \R\times M $ of a 3-manifold $ M $ admitting a stable Hamiltonian structure .
+2	The path integral representation permits direct numerical evaluation of the conditional mean path through the state space as well as conditional moments about this mean .	Transferring information from observations of a dynamical system to estimate the fixed parameters and unobserved states of a system model can be formulated as the evaluation of a discrete time path integral in model state space .	The observations serve as a guiding potential working with the dynamical rules of the model to direct system orbits in state space .	Using a Monte Carlo method for selecting paths through state space we show how these moments can be evaluated and demonstrate in an interesting model system the explicit influence of the role of transfer of information from the observations .	We address the question of how many observations are required to estimate the unobserved state variables , and we examine the assumptions of Gaussianity of the underlying conditional probability .
+2	Specifically , we propose to augment the original algebraic-statistical algorithm for network inference with a preprocessing step that identifies the subspace spanned by the correct reaction vectors , within the space spanned by the species .	We present herein an extension of an algebraic statistical method for inferring biochemical reaction networks from experimental data , proposed recently in [ 3 ] .	This extension allows us to analyze reaction networks that are not necessarily full-dimensional , i.e. , the dimension of their stoichiometric space is smaller than the number of species .	This dimension reduction step is based on principal component analysis of the input data and its relationship with various subspaces generated by sets of candidate reaction vectors .	Simulated examples are provided to illustrate the main ideas involved in implementing this method , and to asses its performance .
+1	Based on these bits , the reconstructor wishes to select a subset of $ [ 0 , T ] $ that contains all the points in the pattern .	An encoder observes a point pattern -- -a finite number of points in the interval $ [ 0 , T ] $ -- -which is to be described to a reconstructor using bits .	It is shown that , if the point pattern is produced by a homogeneous Poisson process of intensity $ \lambda $ , and if the reconstructor is restricted to select a subset of average Lebesgue measure not exceeding $ DT $ , then , as $ T $ tends to infinity , the minimum number of bits per second needed by the encoder is $ -\lambda\log D $ .	It is also shown that , as $ T $ tends to infinity , any point pattern on $ [ 0 , T ] $ containing no more than $ \lambda T $ points can be successfully described using $ -\lambda \log D $ bits per second in this sense .	Finally , a Wyner-Ziv version of this problem is considered where some of the points in the pattern are known to the reconstructor .
+0	Many radio sources like quasars , blazars , radio galaxies , and micro-quasars exhibit circular polarisation ( CP ) with surprising temporal persistent handedness .	As a possible explanation we propose that the CP is due to Faraday conversion ( FC ) of linear polarisation ( LP ) synchrotron light which propagates along a line-of-sight ( LOS ) through twisted magnetic fields .	The rotational nature of accretion flows onto black holes naturally generates the required magnetic twist in the emission region , independent of whether it is a jet or an ADAF .	The expected twist in both types of flows is of the order of what is required for optimal CP generation .	This scenario requires that Faraday rotation ( FR ) is insignificant in the emission region .
+1	Specifically , we consider a Hubbard-Holstein model of interacting electrons coupled to dispersionless phonons of frequency $ \omega_0 $ .	We investigate polaron formation in a many-electron system in the presence of a local repulsion sufficiently strong to prevent local-bipolaron formation .	Numerically solving the model in a small one-dimensional cluster , we find that in the nearly adiabatic case $ \omega_0 & lt ; t $ , the necessary and sufficient condition for the polaronic regime to occur is that the energy gain in the atomic ( i.e. , extremely localized ) regime $ { \cal E } _ { pol } $ overcomes the energy of the purely electronic system $ { \cal E } _ { el } $ .	In the antiadiabatic case , $ \omega_0 & gt ; t $ , polaron formation is instead driven by the condition of a large ionic displacement $ g/\omega_0 & gt ; 1 $ ( $ g $ being the electron-phonon coupling ) .	Dynamical properties of the model in the weak and moderately strong coupling regimes are also analyzed .
+2	Understanding the microscopic origins of the 'strongly coupled ' TLS type is one current path of investigation to that end .	Environmental two-level systems ( TLS ) have been identified as significant decoherence sources in Josephson junction ( JJ ) based circuits .	For such quantum devices to be functional , the removal or control of the TLS is a necessity .	The delocalized oxygen model suggests the atomic position of an oxygen atom is spatially delocalized in the oxide forming the JJ barrier .	In this report we extend this model from its previous 2+1D construction to a complete 3D description using a Wick-rotated time-dependent Schrodinger equation to solve for time-independent solutions in three dimensions .
+4	One scheme requires unitary operations on a constant number of subsystems , while the other requires only local measurements together with more elaborate post-processing .	Quantum state tomography , the ability to deduce the state of a quantum system from measured data , is the gold standard for verification and benchmarking of quantum devices .	It has been realized in systems with few components , but for larger systems it becomes infeasible because the number of quantum measurements and the amount of computation required to process them grows exponentially in the system size .	Here we show that we can do exponentially better than direct state tomography for a wide range of quantum states , in particular those that are well approximated by a matrix product state ansatz .	We present two schemes for tomography in 1-D quantum systems and touch on generalizations .
+0	Stars are not smooth .	Their photosphere is covered by a granulation pattern associated with the heat transport by convection .	The convection-related surface structures have different size , depth , and temporal variations with respect to the stellar type .	The related activity ( in addition to other phenomena such as magnetic spots , rotation , dust , etc . )	potentially causes bias in stellar parameters determination , radial velocity , chemical abundances determinations , and exoplanet transit detections .
+2	76 , 4255 ) we obtain a perturbative expansion for the time dependent particle density using volume fraction $ f $ of spheres as an expansion parameter .	We present an analytical study of the time dependent diffusion coefficient in a dilute suspension of spheres with partially absorbing boundary condition .	Following Kirkpatrick ( J. Chem.Phys .	The exact single particle $ t $ -operator for partially absorbing boundary condition is used to obtain a closed form time-dependent diffusion coefficient $ D ( t ) $ accurate to first order in the volume fraction $ f $ .	Short and long time limits of $ D ( t ) $ are checked against the known short-time results for partially or fully absorbing boundary conditions and long-time results for reflecting boundary conditions .
+4	This allows simulations on significantly larger lattices than in previous studies and consequently a better control over systematic errors in finite-size scaling analyses .	We report measurements of the critical exponents of the classical three-dimensional Heisenberg model on simple cubic lattices of size $ L^3 $ with $ L $ = 12 , 16 , 20 , 24 , 32 , 40 , and 48 .	The data was obtained from a few long single-cluster Monte Carlo simulations near the phase transition .	We compute high precision estimates of the critical coupling $ K_c $ , Binder 's parameter $ U^* and the critical exponents $ \nu , \beta / \nu , \eta $ , and $ \alpha / \nu $ , using extensively histogram reweighting and optimization techniques that allow us to keep control over the statistical errors .	Measurements of the autocorrelation time show the expected reduction of critical slowing down at the phase transition as compared to local update algorithms .
+4	Finally a third magnetization peak emerges and the vortex motion becomes drastic beyond this threshold .	Magnetization and its relaxation have been measured on Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 single crystals with Tc = 39 K. The magnetization hysteresis loops ( MHLs ) exhibit flux jumps in the low temperature region , and a second peak-effect in the intermediate temperature region , especially when the field sweeping rate is low .	Interestingly a third magnetization peak can be easily observed on the MHLs in the high temperature region .	Further analysis find that the first magnetization peak is very sharp , which is associated with the strong vortex pinning .	However the first dip of the MHL corresponds to a moderate relaxation rate , then a second peak appears accompanied by a vanishing vortex motion .
+0	We investigate how different microscopic interactions between semiflexible chain segments can qualitatively alter the physical properties of the condensed toroid .	We propose a general form of the Hamiltonian of the toroid and discuss its analytic properties .	For different interactions , the theory predicts different scaling behaviours of the mean toroidal and cross sectional radii , $ r_c $ and $ r_ { cross } $ , as functions of the contour length L : $ ( r_c , r_ { cross } ) \sim L^ { \nu ( N_c ) } $ with $ \nu= ( 1/5 , 2/5 ) $ for the van der Waals type , $ \nu= ( -1/3 , 2/3 ) $ for the Coulomb type , $ \nu= ( -1 , 1 ) $ for the delta function type attractions in the asymptotic limit .	For the toroids with finite winding number $ N_c=100 \sim 400 $ , we find $ \nu \simeq 0 $ for the Yukawa interaction with screening parameter $ \kappa=0.5 \sim 1.0 $ , and $ \nu=0.1 \sim 0.13 $ for the van der Waals type interactions .	These findings could provide possible explanation for the experimentally well known observation $ \nu \simeq 0 $ of the condensed DNA toroids .
+2	In the one-way coupled network we apply a multi-frequency signal $ ( 1/n_ { \mathrm { f } } ) \sum_ { j=1 } ^ { n_ { \mathrm { f } } } \cos ( \omega_ { j } n ) $ , $ n=0,1,2 , \cdots $ , $ \omega_ { j } = ( k+j-1 ) \omega_ { 0 } $ , with $ k $ being an integer $ \ge2 $ ( without the fundamental frequency $ \omega_ { 0 } $ ) and noise to first unit only .	Ghost-stochastic resonance is a noise-induced resonance at a missing fundamental frequency in the input signal .	In this paper we investigate the features of ghost-stochastic resonance in a unidirectionally coupled network and small-world network with each unit being bistable Bellows map .	We show the occurrence of resonance and undamped signal propagation for coupling strength above a certain critical value .	The response amplitude shows sigmoidal function type variation with unit number .
+0	Quasiparticle relaxation rate , $ \tau_ { p } ^ { -1 } $ , and the shear viscosity tensor of the A_1-phase of superfluid 3He are calculated at low temperatures and melting pressure , by using Boltzmann equation approach in momentum space .	The collision integral is written in terms of inscattering and outscattering collision integrals .	The interaction between normal and Bogoliubov quasiparticles is considered in calculating transition probabilities in the binary , decay and coalescence processes .	We obtain that both $ \tau_ { p\uparrow } ^ { -1 } $ and $ \tau_ { p\downarrow } ^ { -1 } $ are proportional to $ T^2 $ & gt ; .	The shear viscosities $ \eta_ { xy } $ , $ \eta_ { xz } $ and $ \eta_ { zz } $ are proportional to $ ( T/T_c ) ^ { -2 } $ .
+3	Observations of the most massive gas-rich starburst galaxies out to z & gt ; 5 provide insight into the role of cosmic environment for the early growth of present-day massive spheroidal galaxies .	Studies of the molecular interstellar medium that fuels star formation and supermassive black hole growth in galaxies at cosmological distances have undergone tremendous progress over the past few years .	Based on the detection of molecular gas in & gt ; 120 galaxies at z=1 to 6.4 , we have obtained detailed insight on how the amount and physical properties of this material in a galaxy are connected to its current star formation rate over a range of galaxy populations .	Studies of the gas dynamics and morphology at high spatial resolution allow us to distinguish between gas-rich mergers in different stages along the `` merger sequence '' and disk galaxies .	Large-area submillimeter surveys have revealed a rare population of extremely far-infrared-luminous gas-rich high-redshift objects , which is dominated by strongly lensed , massive starburst galaxies .
+0	The mixing boundary-value problem for infinite one-dimensional chain of harmonic oscillators on the half-line is considered .	The large time asymptotic behavior of solutions is obtained .	The initial data of the system are supposed to be a random function which has some mixing properties .	We study the distribution $ \mu_t $ of the random solution at time moments $ t\in\mathbb { R } $ .	The main result is the convergence of $ \mu_t $ to a Gaussian probability measure as $ t\to\infty $ .
+4	The structure considered is a good candidate for the establishment of a realistic spin transistor .	The electron transmission $ T $ is evaluated through waveguides , in which the strength of the spin-orbit interaction ( SOI ) $ \alpha $ is varied periodically , using the transfer-matrix technique .	It is shown that $ T $ exhibits a { \it spin-transistor } action , as a function of $ \alpha $ or of the length of one of the two subunits of the unit cell , provided only one mode is allowed to propagate in the waveguide .	A similar but not periodic behavior occurs as a function of the incident electron energy .	A transparent formula for $ T $ through one unit is obtained and helps explain its periodic behavior .
+1	gave an closed-form expression for write amplification in NAND flash memory by finding the probability of a page being valid over the whole flash memory .	Agarwal et al .	This paper gives an improved analytic expression for write amplification in NAND flash memory by finding the probability of a page being invalid over the block selected for garbage collection .	The improved expression uses Lambert W function .	Through asymptotic analysis , write amplification is shown to depend on overprovisioning factor only , consistent with the previous work .
+1	A modest population of bright main sequence stars and red supergiants ( RSGs ) is detected throughout the western portion of the disk , and the star formation rate ( SFR ) during the past ten million years is estimated to have been 0.02 solar masses per year .	The stellar content of the S0 galaxy NGC 5102 is investigated .	RGB stars are traced out to galactocentric distances of 10 kpc , which corresponds to ~ 14 disk scale lengths .	A large population of bright asymptotic giant branch ( AGB ) stars are seen throughout the western portion of the disk , and it is concluded that ( 1 ) stars that formed within the past Gyr comprise ~ 20 % of the total stellar disk mass , and ( 2 ) the SFR during intermediate epochs in the disk of NGC 5102 was at least 1.4 solar masses per year .	It is suggested that NGC 5102 was a spiral galaxy that experienced a galaxy-wide episode of enhanced star formation that terminated a few hundred Myr in the past , and that much of its interstellar medium was ejected in an outflow .
+2	We find the expected agreement of the lattice data with universal predictions of the chiral unitary ensemble of random matrix theory up to a certain energy scale , the Thouless energy .	We have calculated complete spectra of the staggered Dirac operator on the lattice in quenched SU ( 3 ) gauge theory for \beta = 5.4 and various lattice sizes .	The microscopic spectral density , the distribution of the smallest eigenvalue , and the two-point spectral correlation function are analyzed .	The deviations from the universal predictions are determined using the disconnected scalar susceptibility .	We find that the Thouless energy scales with the lattice size as expected from theoretical arguments making use of the Gell-Mann -- Oakes -- Renner relation .
+1	It is now published by Elsevier in Nonlinear Analysis : Hybrid Systems , see http : //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nahs.2009.07.008 .	This paper has been withdrawn from the arXiv .	A general formulation of the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov ( FPK ) equation for stochastic hybrid systems is presented , within the framework of Generalized Stochastic Hybrid Systems ( GSHS ) .	The FPK equation describes the time evolution of the probability law of the hybrid state .	Our derivation is based on the concept of mean jump intensity , which is related to both the usual stochastic intensity ( in the case of spontaneous jumps ) and the notion of probability current ( in the case of forced jumps ) .
+3	Specifically , it uses the sensitivity of each measured variable to each AP to perform a local , iterative interpolation of the grid .	I outline a method for estimating astrophysical parameters ( APs ) from multidimensional data .	It is a supervised method based on matching observed data ( e.g.a spectrum ) to a grid of pre-labelled templates .	However , unlike standard machine learning methods such as ANNs , SVMs or k-nn , this algorithm explicitly uses domain information to better weight each data dimension in the estimation .	It avoids both the non-uniqueness problem of global regression as well as the grid resolution limitation of nearest neighbours .
+2	We then explore three interesting consequences of this fact .	Pure states are very important in any theory since they represent states of maximal information about the system within the theory .	Here , we show that no non-trivial ( not local realistic ) extremal states ( boxes ) of general no-signaling theories can be realized within quantum theory .	Firstly , since the pure states are uncorrelated from the environment , the statement forms a no-go result against the most straightforward device-independent protocol for randomness or secure key generation against general no-signaling adversaries .	It also leads to the interesting question whether all non-extremal boxes allow for non-local correlations with the adversary .
+2	In the following the dependence of the cross section on the matching point is investigated .	The calculation of absorption cross sections for minimal scalars in supergravity backgrounds is an important aspect of the investigation of AdS/CFT correspondence and requires a matching of appropriate wave functions .	The low energy case has attracted particular attention .	It is shown that the low energy limit is independent of the matching point and hence exhibits universality .	In the high energy limit the independence is not maintained , but the result is believed to possess the correct energy dependence .
+3	For high fields $ \ell \lesssim L $ , correlation-length scaling data broadly confirms an existing picture of $ p $ -dependent characteristic exponents .	Numerical transfer-matrix methods are applied to two-dimensional Ising spin systems , in presence of a confining magnetic field which varies with distance $ | { \vec x } | $ to a `` trap center '' , proportionally to $ ( | { \vec x } |/\ell ) ^p $ , $ p & gt ; 0 $ .	On a strip geometry , the competition between the `` trap size '' $ \ell $ and the strip width , $ L $ , is analysed in the context of a generalized finite-size scaling { \em ansatz } .	In the low-field regime $ \ell \gg L $ , we use conformal-invariance concepts in conjunction with a linear-response approach to derive the appropriate ( $ p $ -dependent ) limit of the theory , which agrees very well with numerical results for magnetization profiles .	Standard spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising systems are considered , as well as the Blume-Capel model .
+2	We present a formulation based on the non-equilibrium Schwinger-Dyson equations that leads to an exact expression for the spectrum of electromagnetic fields valid for general theories and cosmological backgrounds and whose main ingredient is the transverse photon polarization out of equilibrium .	We study the generation of magnetic fields during the stage of particle production resulting from spinodal instabilities during phase transitions out of equilibrium .	The main premise is that long-wavelength instabilities that drive the phase transition lead to strong non-equilibrium charge and current fluctuations which generate electromagnetic fields .	This formulation includes the dissipative effects of the conductivity in the medium .	As a prelude to cosmology we study magnetogenesis in Minkowski space-time in a theory of N charged scalar fields to lowest order in the gauge coupling and to leading order in the large N within two scenarios of cosmological relevance .
+2	Both the system on a circle and the harmonically trapped system are considered .	Bosons in the form of ultra cold alkali atoms can be confined to a one dimensional ( 1d ) domain by the use of harmonic traps .	This motivates the study of the ground state occupations $ \lambda_i $ of effective single particle states $ \phi_i $ , in the theoretical 1d impenetrable Bose gas .	The $ \lambda_i $ and $ \phi_i $ are the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions respectively of the one body density matrix .	We present a detailed numerical and analytic study of this problem .
+1	D 63,12402 ( 2001 ) , [ hep-th/0012216 ] ) .	We revisit the constraints that the non-observation of ultra-high-energy photons due to the GZK cutoff can impose on models of Lorentz violation in photon propagation , following recent work by Maccione , Liberati and Sigl [ arXiv:1003.5468 ] that carries further an earlier analysis by the present authors ( Phys.Rev .	We argue that the GZK cutoff constraint is naturally evaded in the D-brane model of space-time foam presented recently by the present authors ( Phys.Lett .	B 665 , 412 ( 2008 ) [ arXiv:0804.3566 ] ) , in which Lorentz-violating effects on photon propagation are independent of possible effects during interactions .	We also note a novel absorption mechanism that could provide a GZK-like cutoff for photons in low-scale string models .
+0	We report on the discovery of linear magnetoresistance in single crystals and epitaxial thin films of the pyrochlore iridate Bi $ _2 $ Ir $ _2 $ O $ _7 $ .	At $ T = 1.6K $ the linear magnetoresistance is non-saturated up to 35T , and is unaffected by the disorder induced quantum correction in the thin film sample .	As temperature increases , the magnetoresistance gradually evolves towards a quadratic field dependence .	At T = 0.38K , the resistance reveals magnetic hysteresis , providing an evidence of time reversal symmetry breaking .	We discuss the unusual magnetoresistance as possibly arising from linearly dispersing electronic excitations , such as in a Weyl or Dirac semimetal .
+1	An attempt is made to develop a ( speculative ) picture on `` quantum symmetry '' which links space-time symmetries in an inexorable way with internal symmetries .	The application of the Tomita-Takesaki modular theory to the Haag-Kastler net approach in QFT yields external ( space-time ) symmetries as well as internal ones ( internal `` gauge para-groups '' ) and their dual counterparts ( the `` super selection para-group '' ) .	In the course of this attempt , we present several theorems and in particular derive the Kac-Wakimoto formula which links Jones inclusion indices with the asymptotics of expectation values in physical temperature states .	This formula is a special case of a new asymptotic Gibbs-state representation of mapping class group matrices ( in a Haag-Kastler net indexed by intervals on the circle ! )	as well as braid group matrices .
+2	digital philosophy , digital physics ) that propose discrete , finite and deterministic characteristics for the physical world .	In part I ( pp .	1-10 ) of this article , I provide an analysis and overview of some notable definitions and works concerning discrete physics ( a.k.a .	Particular attention is given to theories which suggest cellular automata as the basis of a deterministic model for the physical reality .	In part II ( the main part , pp.11-97 , Ref .
+1	We start with developing high resolution models of the ISM and formulate the conditions required for its realistic functionality : formation of multi-phase medium with hot chimneys , super-bubbles , cold molecular phase , and very slow consumption of gas .	We develop a new realistic prescription for modeling the stellar feedback , which minimizes any ad hoc assumptions about sub-grid physics .	Another important ingredient is the runaway stars .	They greatly facilitate the feedback .	Once these effects are implemented into cosmological simulations , we do not have the overcooling problem and the angular momentum problem ( resulting in a too massive bulge ) is also reduced substantially : the rotation curves are nearly flat .
+3	New improved limits for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Zn70 of $ T_ { 1/2 } & gt ; 1.3 \cdot 10^ { 16 } yrs $ ( 90 % CL ) , the longest standing limit of all double beta isotopes , and 0 $ \nu\beta^+ $ EC of Te120 of $ T_ { 1/2 } & gt ; 2.2 \cdot 10^ { 16 } yrs $ ( 90 % CL ) are given .	Various double beta decay modes of Cd , Zn and Te isotopes are explored with the help of CdTe and CdZnTe semiconductor detectors .	The data set is splitted in an energy range below 1 MeV having a statistics of 134.5 g $ \cdot $ d and one above 1 MeV resulting in 532 g $ \cdot $ d .	No signals were observed in all channels under investigation .	For the first time a limit on the half-life of the 2 $ \nu $ ECEC of $ ^ { 120 } $ Te of $ T_ { 1/2 } & gt ; 9.4 \cdot 10^ { 15 } yrs $ ( 90 % CL ) is obtained .
+1	These winds appear to have an equatorial geometry and to be observed only during disc dominated states in which the radio jet is absent .	High resolution X-ray spectra of accreting stellar mass Black Holes reveal the presence of accretion disc winds , traced by high ionisation Fe K lines .	Accreting neutron star systems also show equatorial high ionisation absorbers .	However , the presence of any correlation with the accretion state has not been previously tested .	We have studied EXO 0748-676 , a transient neutron star system , for which we can reliably determine the accretion state , in order to investigate the Fe K absorption/accretion state/jet connection .
+3	This method is useful to study flat and inclined interfaces for Ising lattices , allowing also the estimation of line tensions of three-phase contact lines , when the interfaces meet walls ( where `` surface fields '' may act ) .	Excess contributions to the free energy due to interfaces occur for many problems encountered in the statistical physics of condensed matter when coexistence between different phases is possible ( e.g.wetting phenomena , nucleation , crystal growth , etc . ) .	This article reviews two methods to estimate both interfacial free energies and line tensions by Monte Carlo simulations of simple models , ( e.g.the Ising model , a symmetrical binary Lennard-Jones fluid exhibiting a miscibility gap , and a simple Lennard-Jones fluid ) .	One method is based on thermodynamic integration .	A generalization to off-lattice systems is described as well .
+0	The master equation describing the non-equilibrium dynamics of a quantum dot coupled to metallic leads is considered .	Employing a superoperator approach , we derive an exact time-convolutionless master equation for the probabilities of dot states , i.e. , a time-convolutionless Pauli master equation .	The generator of this master equation is derived order by order in the hybridization between dot and leads .	Although the generator turns out to be closely related to the T-matrix expressions for the transition rates , which are plagued by divergences , in the time-convolutionless generator all divergences cancel order by order .	The time-convolutionless and T-matrix master equations are contrasted to the Nakajima-Zwanzig version .
+3	When the solar system 370 kms-1 motion relative to the cosmic microwave background is taken into consideration , the higher value of receptor velocity and the longer distance sets the stage for a confrontation between Lorentzian and Galileo-Newton dynamical transformations .	The null findings of the terrestrially conducted Michelson-Morley type experiments have been influential to determining which physical theory best fits reality .	Here , we propose the use of parallax and ranging techniques of distance measurement for Michelson-Morley type experimentation on astronomical scales , elaborating with the earth-moon system .	A motivation is the bypass of any hypothetical earth-bound medium as an explanation for the earlier null findings .	Two-way ranging time carries along with it information about light 's dynamical transformation , thus a comparison of distance measured by ranging with that by parallax , a geometrical method can reveal the correctness of assumptions underlying the dynamical behaviour of light .
+4	Here , we predict that double perovskite Zn2FeOsO6 is a new multiferroic with properties superior to BiFeO3 .	Multiferroic materials , in which ferroelectric and magnetic ordering coexist , are of fundamental interest for the development of novel memory devices that allow for electrical writing and non-destructive magnetic readout operation .	The great challenge is to create room temperature multiferroic materials with strongly coupled ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ( or ferrimagnetic ) orderings .	BiFeO3 has been the most heavily investigated single-phase multiferroic to date due to the coexistence of its magnetic order and ferroelectric order at room temperature .	However , there is no net magnetic moment in the cycloidal ( antiferromagnetic-like ) magnetic state of bulk BiFeO3 , which severely limits its realistic applications in electric field controlled spintronic devices .
+1	The topology of such continua can be very intricate ( for instance , non-locally connected ) .	An annular continuum is a compact connected set $ K $ which separates a closed annulus $ A $ into exactly two connected components , one containing each boundary component .	We adapt a result proved by Handel in the case where $ K=A $ , showing that if $ K $ is an invariant annular continuum of a homeomorphism of $ A $ isotopic to the identity , then the rotation set in $ K $ is closed .	Moreover , every element of the rotation set is realized by an ergodic measure supported in $ K $ ( and by a periodic orbit if the rotation number is rational ) and all but finitely many elements are realized by a compact invariant set .	Our second result shows that if the continuum $ K $ is minimal with the property of being annular ( what we call a circloid ) , then every rational number between the extrema of the rotation set in $ K $ is realized by a periodic orbit in $ K $ .
+3	We show that fuzzy spaces are Hopf algebras and in fact have more structure than the latter .	Fuzzy spaces are obtained by quantizing adjoint orbits of compact semi-simple Lie groups .	Fuzzy spheres emerge from quantizing S^2 and are associated with the group SU ( 2 ) in this manner .	They are useful for regularizing quantum field theories and modeling spacetimes by non-commutative manifolds .	They are thus candidates for quantum symmetries .
+1	The abundances were obtained using Kurucz 's local thermal equilibrium ( LTE ) model atmospheres and the near-UV lines of CuI 3273.95 A and ZnI 3302.58 A observed at high spectral resolution .	We present Cu and Zn abundances for 38 FGK stars , mostly dwarfs , spanning a metallicity range between solar and [ Fe/H ] =-3 .	The trend of [ Cu/Fe ] versus [ Fe/H ] is almost solar for [ Fe/H ] & gt ; -1 and then decreases to a plateau & lt ; [ Cu/Fe ] & gt ; =-0.98 at [ Fe/H ] & lt ; -2.5 , whereas the [ Zn/Fe ] trend is essentially solar for [ Fe/H ] & gt ; -2 and then slightly increases at lower metallicities to an average value of & lt ; [ Zn/Fe ] & gt ; =+ 0.18 .	We compare our results with previous work on these elements , and briefly discuss them in terms of nucleosynthesis processes .	Predictions of halo chemical evolution fairly reproduce the trends , especially the [ Cu/Fe ] plateau at very low metallicities , but to a lower extent the greater [ Zn/Fe ] ratios at low metallicities , indicating eventually missing yields .
+0	Equation of state for superdense nuclear matter is considered in the framework of relativistic mean-field theory , when the scalar-isovector -meson effective field is taken into account , as well .	Assuming that the transition to the strange quark matter is a usual first-order phase transition described by Maxwells construction , the changes of the parameters of phase transition caused by the presence of -meson field are investigated .	To describe a quark phase the advanced version of the MIT bag model is used , in which the interactions between quarks are taken into account in the one-gluon exchange approximation .	For different values of the bag constant B , some series of the equations of the state of matter with deconfinement phase transition are constructed .	Also the upper bound , Bcr , corresponding to the unstable state of the infinitizimal quark core in a neutron star is found .
+4	The photometric solution combined with the radial velocity solution reveals that XZ Leo is an A-type contact binary with a degree of contact of 24 ( $ \pm1 ) \ % $ .	We present multi-color CCD photometry of the neglected contact binary XZ Leo .	Completely covered VRI band light curves and four times of minimum light were obtained .	Combining the photometric and previously published radial velocity data , a revised photometric analysis was carried out for the binary system by applying the Wilson-Devinney code .	With a hot spot placed on the massive primary component near the neck region of the common envelope , the light curves were satisfactorily modeled .
+3	The amplitudes for the Delta ( 1232 ) P33 } show the importance of a meson-cloud contribution to quantitatively explain the magnetic dipole strength , as well as the electric and scalar quadrupole transitions .	We present results on the electroexcitation of the low mass resonances Delta ( 1232 ) P33 , N ( 1440 ) P11 , N ( 1520 ) D13 , and N ( 1535 ) S11 in a wide range of Q2 .	The results were obtained in the comprehensive analysis of JLab-CLAS data on differential cross sections , longitudinally polarized beam asymmetries , and longitudinal target and beam-target asymmetries for pion electroproduction off the proton .	The data were analysed using two conceptually different approaches , fixed-t dispersion relations and a unitary isobar model , allowing us to draw conclusions on the model sensitivity of the obtained electrocoupling amplitudes .	They do not show any tendency of approaching the pQCD regime for Q2 & lt ; 6 GeV2 .
+2	Adiabaticity is destroyed when a parameter crosses a critical value , even at very slow sweeping rates of a parameter .	We consider dynamics of a slowly time-dependent Dicke model , which represents a many-body generalization of the Landau-Zener model .	In particular , the model describes narrow Feshbach resonance passage in an ultracold gas of Fermi atoms .	The dynamics crucially depends on direction of the sweep .	We apply our recent analysis [ A.P .
+0	We consider Slepian-Wolf ( SW ) coding of multiple sources and extend the packing bound and the notion of perfect code from conventional channel coding to SW coding with more than two sources .	We then introduce Hamming Codes for Multiple Sources ( HCMSs ) as a potential solution of perfect SW coding for arbitrary number of terminals .	Moreover , we study the case with three sources in detail .	We present the necessary conditions of a perfect SW code and show that there exists infinite number of HCMSs .	Moreover , we show that for a perfect SW code with sufficiently long code length , the compression rates of different sources can be trade-off flexibly .
+4	With this regularization , parameters in a given group have approximate equivalent values and over-fitting problem could be alleviated .	Auto-encoders ( AE ) has been widely applied in different fields of machine learning .	However , as a deep model , there are a large amount of learnable parameters in the AE , which would cause over-fitting and slow learning speed in practice .	Many researchers have been study the intrinsic structure of AE and showed different useful methods to regularize those parameters .	In this paper , we present a novel regularization method based on a clustering algorithm which is able to classify the parameters into different groups .
+0	Mathematical models of cellular physiological mechanisms often involve random walks on graphs representing transitions within networks of functional states .	Schmandt and Gal\ ' { a } n recently introduced a novel stochastic shielding approximation as a fast , accurate method for generating approximate sample paths from a finite state Markov process in which only a subset of states are observable .	For example , in ion channel models , such as the Hodgkin-Huxley or other conductance based neural models , a nerve cell has a population of ion channels whose states comprise the nodes of a graph , only some of which allow a transmembrane current to pass .	The stochastic shielding approximation consists of neglecting fluctuations in the dynamics associated with edges in the graph not directly affecting the observable states .	We consider the problem of finding the optimal complexity reducing mapping from a stochastic process on a graph to an approximate process on a smaller sample space , as determined by the choice of a particular linear measurement functional on the graph .
+1	In the first stage we modelled the unconditional mean track .	We describe results from the second stage of a project to build a statistical model for hurricane tracks .	We now attempt to model the unconditional variance of fluctuations around the mean .	The variance models we describe use a semi-parametric nearest neighbours approach in which the optimal averaging length-scale is estimated using a jack-knife out-of-sample fitting procedure .	We test three different models .
+3	Using general Thom polynomial theory we prove the component formula and its stable version of [ Knutson-Miller-Shimozono ] as well as the positivity of the quiver coefficients of [ Buch-Fulton ] .	Let r be an orbit of the quiver representation of type A_n ( equioriented case ) .	In this paper we study the Poincare dual of the closure of r ( a.c.a .	Thom polynomial/degeneracy loci formula ) in equivariant cohomology .	We also show how the component formula follows from Grobner degeneration easily .
+1	Using quantum free fermion techniques we find the time-dependent conditional transition probabilities and the exact dynamical structure factor under such conditioned dynamics .	We consider the asymmetric simple exclusion processes ( ASEP ) on a ring constrained to produce an atypically large flux , or an extreme activity .	In the thermodynamic limit we obtain the explicit scaling form .	This gives a direct proof that the dynamical exponent in the extreme current regime is $ z=1 $ rather than the KPZ exponent $ z=3/2 $ which characterizes the ASEP in the regime of typical currents .	Some of our results extend to the activity in the partially asymmetric simple exclusion process , including the symmetric case .
+3	The major challenge of the LLRF system is to solve problems caused by rapid frequency sweeping and heavy beam loading effect .	The rapid cycling synchrotron ( RCS ) is part of China Spallation Neutron Source ( CSNS ) .	The RCS provides 1.6GeV protons with a repetition rate of 25Hz .	The RF system in RCS is mainly composed of a ferrite loaded RF cavity , a high power tetrode amplifier , a bias supply of 3300A and a digital low level RF ( LLRF ) system based on FPGA .	This paper will present the design and structure of the LLRF system , and show results of performance tests .
+2	We find that the chemical equilibrium between $ \eta $ and $ \pi $ breaks up considerably earlier than the thermal equilibrium .	We calculate the thermally averaged rates for the $ \eta $ - $ \pi $ conversion and $ \eta $ scattering using the Di Vecchia-Veneziano model and t ' Hooft model , which incorporate explicitly the $ U ( 1 ) _A $ anomaly .	Assuming an exponential suppression of the $ U ( 1 ) _A $ anomaly , we also take into account the partial restoration of $ U ( 1 ) _A $ symmetry at high temperatures .	Two distinct scenarios for the $ \eta $ freeze-out are discussed and the corresponding chemical potentials are calculated .	We predict an enhancement of the thermal $ \eta $ -production as a possible signal of the partial $ U ( 1 ) _A $ restoration in high-energy heavy-ion collisions .
+3	The supersymmetric vacua are at infinite field values , and cosmological bounds on false vacuum decay are easily satisfied .	We describe a simple class of supersymmetric gauge theories that can act as supersymmetry-breaking sectors for gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking .	The models have a local supersymmetry-breaking minimum along a direction in field space where a singlet gets a large expectation value .	The potential along this direction has a runaway behavior stabilized by supersymmetry breaking in the effective low-energy theory .	The models have no dimensionful parameters , and all mass scales arise through strong coupling dynamics .
+3	In particular , excerpts of the correspondence with Henri Pad\'e in the years 1901-1902 played a leading role .	Robert de Montessus de Ballore proved in 1902 his famous theorem on the convergence of Pad\'e approximants of meromorphic functions .	In this paper , we will first describe the genesis of the theorem , then investigate its circulation .	A number of letters addressed to Robert de Montessus by different mathematicians will be quoted to help determining the scientific context and the steps that led to the result .	The large number of authors who mentioned the theorem soon after its derivation , for instance N\ '' orlund and Perron among others , indicates a fast circulation due to factors that will be thoroughly explained .
+0	Using an advanced version of the hadron resonance gas model we have found indications for irregularities in data for hadrons produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions .	These include an abrupt change of the effective number of degrees of freedom , a change of the slope of the ratio of lambda hyperons to protons at laboratory energies 8.6 -- 11.6 AGeV , as well as highly correlated plateaus in the collision-energy dependence of the entropy per baryon , total pion number per baryon , and thermal pion number per baryon at laboratory energies 6.9-11.6 AGeV .	Also , we observe a sharp peak in the dimensionless trace anomaly at a laboratory energy of 11.6 AGeV .	On the basis of the generalized shock-adiabat model we demonstrate that these observations give evidence for the anomalous thermodynamic properties of the mixed phase at its boundary to the quark-gluon plasma .	We argue that the trace-anomaly peak and the local minimum of the generalized specific volume observed at a laboratory energy of 11.6 AGeV provide a signal for the formation of a mixed phase between the quark-gluon plasma and the hadron phase .
+1	We discuss the branching ratios obtained with minimal flavor violation , as well as with soft-supersymmetry induced general flavor violation .	We calculate the one-loop flavor violating top quark decay t - & gt ; cgg in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model .	Based on this rate we calculate the cross section for the single top quark production via gluon fusion , gg - & gt ; t cbar , and evaluate its contribution to the cross section for single top quark production in pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider .	We calculate all contributions coming from the standard model and charged Higgs loops , as well as gluino ( and neutralino ) -up-type squarks , and chargino-down-type squarks loops .	Our numerical results show that the gluino and the chargino contributions are largest over the whole parameter range in the unconstrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model .
+3	We find that the ellipticity and prolateness increase with decreasing mass scale and decreasing redshift .	In paper I of this series , we examined triaxial collapse in terms of the dynamics of eigenvalues of three important tensors : the Hessian of the gravitational potential , the tensor of velocity derivatives and the deformation tensor .	The first paper focussed on the joint gravity-velocity dynamics and here we focus on the deformation tensor , which is directly related to the axes ' evolution .	We examine the evolution of the minor to major and intermediate to major axes ratios ( $ s $ and $ q $ ) and the triaxiality parameter $ T $ as function of mass scale and redshift .	These trends , while in agreement with previous analytic studies , contradict numerical simulations .
+0	We establish universality of local eigenvalue correlations in unitary random matrix ensembles ( 1/Z_n ) |\det M|^ { 2\alpha } e^ { -n\tr V ( M ) } dM near the origin of the spectrum .	If V is even , and if the recurrence coefficients of the orthogonal polynomials associated with |x|^ { 2\alpha } e^ { -nV ( x ) } have a regular limiting behavior , then it is known from work of Akemann et al. , and Kanzieper and Freilikher that the local eigenvalue correlations have universal behavior described in terms of Bessel functions .	We extend this to a much wider class of confining potentials V. Our approach is based on the steepest descent method of Deift and Zhou for the asymptotic analysis of Riemann-Hilbert problems .	This method was used by Deift et al .	to establish universality in the bulk of the spectrum .
+3	What will happen when students themselves are encouraged to analyse differences , equivalence and correctness of their own answers and CAS answers ?	Comparison of answers offered by a computer algebra system ( CAS ) with answers derived by a student without a CAS is relevant , for instance , in the context of computer-aided assessment ( CAA ) .	The issues of identity , equivalence and correctness emerge in different ways and are important for CAA .	These issues are also interesting if a student is charged with the task of comparing the answers .	What differences do they notice foremost ?
+0	Recent observations of high energy cosmic-ray electrons by the Fermi-LAT and the HESS experiments between $ 20 $ GeV and $ 5 $ TeV have found that the energy spectrum closely follow a broken power-law with a break at around $ 1 $ TeV .	On the other hand , measurements of cosmic-ray secondary-to-primary ratios like the boron-to-carbon ratio seem to indicate a possible change in the slope at energies around $ 100 $ GeV/n .	In this paper , we discuss one possible explanation for the observed break in the electron spectrum and its possible correlation with the flattening in the secondary-to-primary ratios at higher energies .	In our model , we assume that cosmic-rays after acceleration by supernova remnant shock waves , escape downstream of the shock and remain confined within the remnant until the shock slows down .	During this time , the high-energy electrons suffer from radiative energy losses and the cosmic-ray nuclei undergo nuclear fragmentations due to their interactions with the matter .
+3	Hence , the trispectrum is already constraining inflationary mechanisms candidates for generating an orthogonal bispectrum at the level hinted in WMAP data .	In single-field inflationary models with a low sound speed , the orthogonal shape of the primordial bispectrum arises due to partial cancellations between equilateral-type shapes .	This fact allows for a speed of sound c_s as low as about 0.01 , which is actually weakly preferred by WMAP data .	For such values , the trispectrum , scaling like 1/c_s^4 , is of order 10^8 and is therefore comparable to , and greater than , the 1 sigma observational bound t_NL^eq= ( -3.11 +- 7.5 ) *10^6 .	If this signal persists in imminent Planck data , most of the parameter space of the simplest effective field theory of inflation will be under observational pressure , while a dedicated analysis will be needed for the substantial fraction of parameter space where we show that a qualitatively new , orthogonal , trispectrum naturally arises .
+4	The streams that feed a massive halo tend to lie in a plane that extends from half to a few Rv , hereafter `` the stream plane '' ( SP ) .	We study the feeding of massive galaxies at high redshift through streams from the cosmic web using the Mare Nostrum hydro-cosmological simulation .	Our statistical sample consists of 350 dark-matter haloes of ~10^12 Msun at z = 2.5 .	We find that ~70 % of the influx into the virial radius Rv is in narrow streams covering 10 % of the virial shell .	On average 64 % of the stream influx is in one stream , and 95 % is in three dominant streams .
+3	It is shown that such scattering causes the manifestation of the features such as `` boson peak '' in the phonon spectrum of solid substitutional solutions .	Phonon spectra of solid substitutional solutions with finite concentrations of impurities were analyzed on the microscopic level .	The local phonon densities of impurity atoms were calculated , in particular the formation of quasilocal vibrations and their evolution with increasing of the concentration of impurities were investigated .	Modification of the local spectral densities of atoms of the host lattice by impurities and manifestation of the phonon Ioffe-Regel crossover ( scattering of fast propagating phonons on quasi-localized vibrations ) were analyzed .	A commonality of the physical nature of such singularities in disordered structures and van Hove singularities in ideal crystals was established , notably , reducing of the group velocity of acoustic phonons due to their scattering on slow phonons .
+0	We estimate the acceleration on the Local Group ( LG ) from the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey ( 2MRS ) .	The sample used includes about 23,200 galaxies with extinction corrected magnitudes brighter than K_s=11.25 and it allows us to calculate the flux weighted dipole .	The near-infrared flux weighted dipoles are very robust because they closely approximate a mass weighted dipole , bypassing the effects of redshift distortions and require no preferred reference frame .	This is combined with the redshift information to determine the change in dipole with distance .	The misalignment angle between the LG and the CMB dipole drops to 12 degrees at around 50 Mpc/h , but then increases at larger distances , reaching 21 degrees at around 130 Mpc/h .
+4	We also provide various scaling relations that would be useful to study detection probabilities of GWs from individual SBBHs with PTAs .	The merger of a super-massive binary black hole ( SBBH ) is one of the most extreme events in the universe with a huge amount of energy released by gravitational radiation .	Although the characteristic gravitational wave ( GW ) frequency around the merger event is far higher than the nHz regime optimal for pulsar timing arrays ( PTAs ) , nonlinear GW memory might be a critical smoking gun of the merger event detectable with PTAs .	In this paper , basic aspects of this interesting observation are discussed for SBBHs , and the detection numbers of their memory and inspiral GWs are estimated for ongoing and planned PTAs .	We find that the expected detection number would be smaller than unity for the two-types of signals even with the Square Kilometer Array .
+1	First , osculating orbits are obtained after a careful positional data inspection and processing , including where appropriate , the method of data partitioning for determination of pre- and post-perihelion orbit for tracking then its dynamical evolution .	Dynamics of a complete sample of 22 small perihelion distance near-parabolic comets discovered in the years 2006 - 2010 is studied .	The nongravitational acceleration in the motion is detected for 50 per cent of investigated comets , in a few cases for the first time .	Different sets of nongravitational parameters are determined from pre- and post-perihelion data for some of them .	The influence of the positional data structure on the possibility of the detection of nongravitational effects and the overall precision of orbit determination is widely discussed .
+1	The variational principle of $ c^* $ reduces the computation to that of a principal eigenvalue problem on a periodic domain of a linear advection-diffusion operator with space-time periodic coefficients and small diffusion .	The minimal speeds ( $ c^* $ ) of the Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov ( KPP ) fronts at small diffusion ( $ \epsilon \ll 1 $ ) in a class of time-periodic cellular flows with chaotic streamlines is investigated in this paper .	To solve the advection dominated time-dependent eigenvalue problem efficiently over large time , a combination of finite element and spectral methods , as well as the associated fast solvers , are utilized to accelerate computation .	In contrast to the scaling $ c^*=\mathcal { O } ( \epsilon^ { 1/4 } ) $ in steady cellular flows , a new relation $ c^* = \mathcal { O } ( 1 ) $ as $ \epsilon \ll 1 $ is revealed in the time-periodic cellular flows due to the presence of chaotic streamlines .	Residual propagation speed emerges from the Lagrangian chaos which is quantified as a sub-diffusion process .
+2	High growth rates ( 15-50 { \mu } m/h ) were obtained while nitrogen doping could be achieved in a fairly wide range without seriously imparting crystalline quality .	Thick CVD diamond layers were successfully grown on ( 113 ) -oriented substrates .	They exhibited smooth surface morphologies and a crystalline quality comparable to ( 100 ) electronic grade material , and much better than ( 111 ) -grown layers .	Electron spin resonance measurements were carried out to determine NV centers orientation and concluded that one specific orientation has an occurrence probability of 73 % when ( 100 ) -grown layers show an equal distribution in the 4 possible directions .	A spin coherence time of around 270 { \mu } s was measured which is equivalent to that reported for material with similar isotopic purity .
+2	It is found that the defect such as a monovacancy or a substitutional impurity results in deformation of the hexagonal single-walled silicon nanotube .	We present a first-principle study of geometrical and electronic structure of hexagonal single-walled silicon nanotubes with a monovacancy or a substitutional defect .	The C , Al or P atoms are chosen as substitutional impurities .	In both cases , a relatively localized unoccupied state near the Fermi level occurs due to this local deformation .	The difference in geometrical and electronic properties of different substitutional impurities is discussed .
+4	The two hydrogen-rich H4Te and H5Te2 species adopt ionic structures containing exotic quasi-molecular H2 and linear H3 units , respectively .	Observation of high-temperature superconductivity in sulfur hydrides at megabar pressures has generated an irresistible wave on searching for new superconductors in other compressed hydrogen-rich compounds .	An immediate effort is towards exploration of the relevant candidate of tellurium hydrides , where tellurium is isoelectronic to sulfur but it has a heavier atomic mass and much weaker electronegativity .	The hitherto unknown phase diagram of tellurium hydrides at high pressures was investigated by a first-principles swarm structure search .	Four energetically stable and metallic stoichiometries of H4Te , H5Te2 , HTe and HTe3 were uncovered above 140 GPa , showing a distinct potential energy map of tellurium hydrides from those in sulfur and selenium hydrides .
+0	We consider the dilaton in the strong string coupling limit and elaborate on the original idea of Damour and Polyakov whereby the dilaton coupling to matter has a minimum with a vanishing value at finite field-value .	Combining this type of coupling with an exponential potential , the effective potential of the dilaton becomes matter density dependent .	We study the background cosmology , showing that the dilaton can play the role of dark energy .	We also analyse the constraints imposed by the absence of violation of the equivalence principle .	Imposing these constraints and assuming that the dilaton plays the role of dark energy , we consider the consequences of the dilaton on large scale structures and in particular the behaviour of the slip functions and the growth index at low redshift .
+0	Cloud Data Servers is the novel approach for providing secure service to e-business .Millions of users are surfing the Cloud for various purposes , therefore they need highly safe and persistent services .	Usually hackers target particular Operating Systems or a Particular Controller .	Inspiteof several ongoing researches Conventional Web Servers and its Intrusion Detection System might not be able to detect such attacks .	So we implement a Cloud Data Server with Session Controller Architecture using Redundancy and Disconnected Data Access Mechanism .	In this paper , we generate the hash code using MD5 algorithm .
+3	For rays passing by the mass near the plasma frequency refractive effects can dominate , effectively turning the gravitational lens into a mirror .	The interaction between refraction from a distribution of inhomogeneous plasma and gravitational lensing introduces novel effects to the paths of light rays passing by a massive object .	The plasma contributes additional terms to the equations of motion , and the resulting ray trajectories are frequency-dependent .	Lensing phenomena and circular orbits are investigated for plasma density distributions $ N \propto 1/r^h $ with $ h \geq 0 $ in the Schwarzschild space-time .	We obtain the turning points , circular orbit radii , and angular momentum for general $ h $ .
+1	Due to high density of vehicles , the potential threats and road accident is increasing .	In this paper we have discussed about the number of automobiles that has been increased on the road in the past few years .	Wireless technology is aiming to equip technology in vehicles to reduce these factors by sending messages to each other .	The vehicular safety application should be thoroughly tested before it is deployed in a real world to use .	Simulator tool has been preferred over out door experiment because it simple , easy and cheap .
+2	Degradation of particle confinement is observed in the minimum shearing state and reduction in turbulent particle flux is observed with increasing shearing in both flow directions .	Continuous control over azimuthal flow and shear in the edge of the Large Plasma Device ( LAPD ) has been achieved using a biasable limiter which has allowed a careful study of the effect of flow shear on pressure-gradient-driven turbulence and transport in LAPD .	LAPD rotates spontaneously in the ion diamagnetic direction ( IDD ) ; positive limiter bias first reduces , then minimizes ( producing a near-zero shear state ) , and finally reverses the flow into the electron diamagnetic direction ( EDD ) .	Near-complete suppression of turbulent particle flux is observed for shearing rates comparable to the turbulent autocorrelation rate measured in the minimum shear state .	Turbulent flux suppression is dominated by amplitude reduction in low-frequency ( $ & lt ; 10 $ kHz ) density fluctuations .
+3	In this paper , we propose a novel strategy that can cost effectively store large generated data sets with multiple cloud service providers .	Cloud computing provides scientists a platform that can deploy computation and data intensive applications without infrastructure investment .	With excessive cloud resources and a decision support system , large generated data sets can be flexibly 1 stored locally in the current cloud , 2 deleted and regenerated whenever reused or 3 transferred to cheaper cloud service for storage .	However , due to the pay for use model , the total application cost largely depends on the usage of computation , storage and bandwidth resources , hence cutting the cost of cloud based data storage becomes a big concern for deploying scientific applications in the cloud .	The strategy is based on a novel algorithm that finds the trade off among computation , storage and bandwidth costs in the cloud , which are three key factors for the cost of data storage .
+1	Their rest-frame K-band absolute magnitudes are -26.8 & lt ; M $ _K & lt ; -26.1 ( 5L* & lt ; L_K & lt ; 10L* ) and the resulting stellar masses are in the range 3-6.5x10^ { 11 } M_sun .	We spectroscopically identified 7 massive evolved galaxies with magnitudes 17.8 & lt ; K & lt ; 18.4 at 1.3 & lt ; z & lt ; 1.7 over an area of ~160 arcmin^2 of the MUNICS survey .	The analysis we performed unambiguously shows the early-type nature of their spectra .	The 7 massive evolved galaxies account for a comoving density of \~5.5 ( +-2 ) x 10^ { -5 } Mpc^ { -3 } at & lt ; z & gt ; ~1.5 , a factor 1.5 lower than the density ( 8.4 ( +-1 ) x 10^ { -5 } Mpc^ { -3 } ) of early-types with comparable masses at z=0 .	The incompleteness ( 30 % ) of our spectroscopic observations accounts for this discrepancy .
+3	Iron lines reveal abundance offsets between the optical and ultraviolet regions , and we discuss and apply a correction factor to account for this offset .	We report the detection of several absorption lines of neutral phosphorus ( P , Z=15 ) in archival near ultraviolet spectra obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope .	We derive phosphorus abundances or interesting upper limits in 14 late-type stars with metallicities spanning -3.8 & lt ; [ Fe/H ] & lt ; -0.1 .	Previously , phosphorus had only been studied in Galactic stars with -1.0 & lt ; [ Fe/H ] & lt ; +0.3 .	In stars with [ Fe/H ] & gt ; -1.0 , the [ P/Fe ] ratio decreases toward the solar value with increasing metallicity , in agreement with previous observational studies .
+2	We find that the doped TM atoms prefer to stay in the neutral states and have comparatively high formation energies , suggesting that the uniform TM doping in SnTe with a higher concentration will be difficult unless clustering .	The introduction of magnetism in SnTe-class topological crystalline insulators is a challenging subject with great importance in the quantum device applications .	Based on the first-principles calculations , we have studied the defect energetics and magnetic properties of 3d transition-metal ( TM ) -doped SnTe .	In the dilute doping regime , all the magnetic TM atoms are in the high-spin states , indicating that the spin splitting energy of 3d TM is stronger than the crystal splitting energy of the SnTe ligand .	Importantly , Mn-doped SnTe has relatively low defect formation energy , largest local magnetic moment , and no defect levels in the bulk gap , suggesting that Mn is a promising magnetic dopant to realize the magnetic order for the theoretically-proposed large-Chern-number quantum anomalous Hall effect ( QAHE ) in SnTe .
+3	Numerical simulations confirm the accuracy of the method for neutral binary and charged ternary mixtures in bulk conditions .	When simulating multicomponent mixtures via the Lattice Boltzmann Method , it is desirable to control the mutual diffusivity between species while maintaining the viscosity of the solution fixed .	This goal is herein achieved by a modification of the multicomponent Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook ( BGK ) evolution equations by introducing two different timescales for mass and momentum diffusion .	Diffusivity is thus controlled by an effective drag force acting between species .	The simulation of a charged mixture in a charged slit channel show that the conductivity and electro-osmotic mobility exhibit a departure from the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski prediction at high diffusivity .
+4	The key HFT module is a device that behaves like a spatial filter for two telescopes ( 2TSF ) and transmits all or most of the flux of a cophased pair in a single mode beam .	The limiting magnitude is a key issue for optical interferometry .	Pairwise fringe trackers based on the integrated optics concepts used for example in GRAVITY seem limited to about K=10.5 with the 8m Unit Telescopes of the VLTI , and there is a general `` common sense '' statement that the efficiency of fringe tracking , and hence the sensitivity of optical interferometry , must decrease as the number of apertures increases , at least in the near infrared where we are still limited by detector readout noise .	Here we present a Hierarchical Fringe Tracking ( HFT ) concept with sensitivity at least equal to this of a two apertures fringe trackers .	HFT is based of the combination of the apertures in pairs , then in pairs of pairs then in pairs of groups .
+3	We predict that MOF5 is very close to structural instability and may yield interesting new phases under high pressure and strain .	By combining neutron inelastic scattering ( NIS ) and first-principles calculations , we have investigated the lattice dynamics of MOF5 .	The structural stability of MOF5 was evaluated by calculating the three cubic elastic constants .	We find that the shear modulus , c44 = 1.16 GPA , is unusually small , while two other moduli are relatively large ( i.e.c11 = 29.42 GPa and c12 = 12.56 GPa ) .	The phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states were directly calculated and our simulated NIS spectrum agrees very well with our experimental data .
+4	Furthermore , volatility , volume , and in case of the NYSE the bid-ask spread , which increase sharply at the event , decay according to a power-law and stay significantly high over days afterwards .	In our empirical study , we examine the price of liquid stocks after experiencing a large intraday price change using data from the NYSE and the NASDAQ .	We find significant reversal for both intraday price decreases and increases .	The results are stable against varying parameters .	While on the NYSE the large widening of the bid-ask spread eliminates most of the profits that can be achieved by a contrarian strategy , on the NASDAQ the bid-ask spread stays almost constant yielding significant short-term abnormal profits .
+4	This is especially relevant to a field like astronomy where more and more work is being done collaboratively .	Promoting racial and ethnic diversity is critically important to the future success and growth of the field of astronomy .	The raw ability , drive and interest required to excel in the field is distributed without regard to race , gender , or socioeconomic background .	By not actively promoting diversity in our field we risk losing talented people to other professions ( or losing them entirely ) , which means that there will be astronomical discoveries that simply wo n't get made .	There is demonstrated evidence that STEM fields benefit from diverse perspectives on problems that require more complex thought processes .
+1	A generalisation for continuous dust distributions as well as analytic approximations for strong drag regimes are also provided .	We derive the single-fluid evolution equations describing a mixture made of a gas phase and an arbitrary number of dust phases , generalising the approach developed in Laibe & amp ; Price ( 2014a ) .	This formalism lays the foundation for numeri- cal simulations of dust populations in a wide range of astrophysical systems while avoiding limitations associated with a multiple-fluid treatment .	The usefulness of the formalism is illustrated on a series of analytical problems , namely the dustybox , dustyshock and dustywave problems as well as the radial drift of grains and the streaming instability in protoplanetary discs .	We find physical effects specific to the presence of several dust phases and multiple drag timescales , including non-monotonic evolution of the differential velocity between phases and increased efficiency of the linear growth of the streaming instability .
+0	Recent experiments of imbibition in columnar geometries show interfacial fluctuations whose dynamic scaling is not compatible with the usual non local model governed by surface tension that results from a macroscopic description .	To explore this discrepancy , we exhaustively analyze numerical integrations of a phase-field model with dichotomic columnar disorder .	We find that two distinct behaviors are possible depending on the capillary contrast between both values of disorder .	In a high contrast case , where interface evolution is mainly dominated by the disorder , an inherent anomalous scaling is always observed .	Moreover , in agreement with experimental work , the interface motion has to be described through a local model .
+0	The light curves of 'hypernovae ' , i.e.very energetic supernovae with $ E_ { 51 } \equiv E/10^ { 51 } $ ergs $ \gsim 5-10 $ are characterized at epochs of a few months by a phase of linear decline .	Classical , one-dimensional explosion models fail to simultaneously reproduce the light curve near peak and at the linear decline phase .	The evolution of these light curves may however be explained by a simple model consisting of two concentric components .	The outer component is responsible for the early part of the light curve and for the broad absorption features observed in the early spectra of hypernovae , similar to the one-dimensional models .	In addition , a very dense inner component is added , which reproduces the linear decline phase in the observed magnitude-versus-time relation for SNe 1998bw , 1997ef , and 2002ap .
+1	In this paper we revisit the analysis of a sample of 50 clusters studied as part of the Canadian Cluster Comparison Project .	Masses of clusters of galaxies from weak gravitational lensing analyses of ever larger samples are increasingly used as the reference to which baryonic scaling relations are compared .	We examine the key sources of systematic error in cluster masses .	We quantify the robustness of our shape measurements and calibrate our algorithm empirically using extensive image simulations .	The source redshift distribution is revised using the latest state-of-the-art photometric redshift catalogs that include new deep near-infrared observations .
+2	A summary is given of additional sum-rule expressions for the optical conductivity and the dielectric function , including expressions for the first and second moment of the optical conductivity , and a relation between the Coulomb correlation energy and the energy loss function .	The f-sum rule is introduced and its applications to electronic and vibrational modes are discussed .	A related integral over the intra-band part of sigma ( omega ) which is also valid for correlated electrons , becomes just the kinetic energy if the only hopping os between nearest-neighbor sites .	It is shown from various examples , that the optical spectra of high Tc materials along the c-axis and in the ab-plane direction can be used to study the kinetic energy change due to the appearance of superconductivity .	The results show , that the pairing mechanism is highly unconventional , and mostly associated with a lowering of kinetic energy parallel to the planes when pairs are formed .
+4	We speculate on the theoretical implications of such an observation .	We consider the possibility that gravity breaks parity , with left and right handed gravitons coupling to matter with a different Newton 's constant and show that this would affect their zero-point vacuum fluctuations during inflation .	Should there be a cosmic background of gravity waves , the effect would translate into anomalous CMB polarization .	Non-vanishing TB ( and EB ) polarization components emerge , revealing interesting experimental targets .	Indeed if reasonable chirality is present a TB measurement would provide the easiest way to detect a gravitational wave background .
+3	Pragmatic information is then defined as the correspondence between a given pattern and the ensuing pattern-specific change .	An objective definition of pragmatic information and the consideration of recent results about information processing in the human brain can help overcome some traditional difficulties with the interpretation of quantum mechanics .	Rather than attempting to define information ab initio , I introduce the concept of interaction between material bodies as a primary concept .	Two distinct categories can be identified : 1 ) Interactions which can always be reduced to a superposition of physical interactions ( forces ) between elementary constituents ; 2 ) Interactions between complex bodies which can not be reduced to a superposition of interactions between parts , and in which patterns and forms ( in space and/or time ) play the determining role .	I will show that pragmatic information is a biological concept that plays no active role in the purely physical domain ; it only does so when a living organism intervenes .
+1	( 2005 ) , selected to build a data-set of spectral properties of well studied early-type galaxies showing emission lines .	We present a preliminary analysis of the sample of early type galaxies of Rampazzo et al .	Because of the presence of emission lines , the sample is biased toward objects that might be expected to have ongoing and recent star formation .	We have compared the line-strength indices presented in Rampazzo et al .	( 2005 ) with Simple Stellar Populations ( SSPs ) in order to characterize the underlying stellar population of the galaxies .
+4	The revised algorithm is illustrated by a preliminary application to a skeletonised spherical Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker universe .	A ( 3+1 ) -evolutionary method in the framework of Regge Calculus , essentially a method of approximating manifolds with rigid simplices , makes an excellent tool to probe the evolution of manifolds with non-trivial topology or devoid of symmetry .	The `` Parallelisable Implicit Evolution Scheme '' is one such method .	Causality however , is an aspect of this method that has been barely investigated .	In this paper , we show how causality can be accounted for in this evolutionary scheme .
+4	We first specify the exact theory , ensuring that it is consistent and has ( ordinary ) quantum mechanics as a fixed point , where all particles with the same values for a given observable have the same phases .	A century after the advent of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity , both theories enjoy incredible empirical success , constituting the cornerstones of modern physics .	Yet , paradoxically , they suffer from deep-rooted , so-far intractable , conflicts .	Motivations for violations of the notion of relativistic locality include the Bell 's inequalities for hidden variable theories , the cosmological horizon problem , and Lorentz-violating approaches to quantum geometrodynamics , such as Horava-Lifshitz gravity .	Here , we explore a recent proposal for a `` real ensemble '' non-local description of quantum mechanics , in which `` particles '' can copy each others ' observable values AND phases , independent of their spatial separation .
+2	investigated the instability of Rayleigh -- Taylor steady-state of a three-dimensional nonhomogeneous incompressible viscous flow driven by gravity in a bounded domain $ \Omega $ of class $ C^2 $ .	In [ F. Jiang , S. Jiang , On instability and stability of three-dimensional gravity driven viscous flows in a bounded domain , Adv .	Math. , 264 ( 2014 ) 831 -- 863 ] , Jiang et.al .	In particular , they proved the steady-state is nonlinearly unstable under a restrictive condition of that the derivative function of steady density possesses a positive lower bound .	In this article , by exploiting a standard energy functional and more-refined analysis of error estimates in the bootstrap argument , we can show the nonlinear instability result without the restrictive condition .
+3	The charged lepton self energy up to one loop features flavor off-diagonal terms responsible for charged lepton mixing : a dominant `` short distance '' contribution with $ W $ bosons and massive neutrinos in the intermediate state , and a subdominant `` large distance '' contribution with pseudoscalar mesons and massive neutrinos in the intermediate state .	Pseudoscalar meson decay leads to an entangled state of charged leptons ( $ \mu , e $ ) and massive neutrinos .	Tracing out the neutrino degrees of freedom leads to a reduced density matrix for the charged leptons whose off-diagonal elements reveal \emph { charged lepton oscillations } .	Although these decohere on unobservably small time scales $ \lesssim 10^ { -23 } s $ they indicate charged lepton \emph { mixing } as a result of common intermediate states .	Mixing angle ( s ) are GIM suppressed , and are \emph { momentum and chirality dependent } .
+0	Let $ \A $ be a unital separable nuclear $ C^* $ -- algebra which belongs to the bootstrap category $ \N $ and $ \B $ be a separable stable $ C^* $ -- algebra .	In this paper , we consider the group $ \Ext_u ( \A , \B ) $ consisting of the unitary equivalence classes of unital extensions $ \tau\colon\A\rightarrow Q ( \B ) $ .	The relation between $ \Ext_u ( \A , \B ) $ and $ \Ext ( \A , \B ) $ is established .	Using this relation , we show the half -- exactness of $ \Ext_u ( \cdot , \B ) $ and the ( UCT ) for $ \Ext_u ( \A , \B ) $ .	Furthermore , under certain conditions , we obtain the half -- exactness and Bott periodicity of $ \Ext_u ( \A , \cdot ) $ .
+1	These observatories will also be able to detect intensity fluctuations in the cumulative 21cm emission after reionization , from hydrogen in unresolved damped Ly-alpha absorbers ( such as gas rich galaxies ) down to a redshift z~3.5 .	Low-frequency observatories are currently being constructed with the goal of detecting redshifted 21cm emission from the epoch of reionization .	The inferred power spectrum of 21cm fluctuations at all redshifts will show acoustic oscillations , whose co-moving scale can be used as a standard ruler to infer the evolution of the equation of state for the dark energy .	We find that the first generation of low-frequency experiments ( such as MWA or LOFAR ) will be able to constrain the acoustic scale to within a few percent in a redshift window just prior to the end of the reionization era , provided that foregrounds can be removed over frequency band-passes of & gt ; 8MHz .	This sensitivity to the acoustic scale is comparable to the best current measurements from galaxy redshift surveys , but at much higher redshifts .
+2	If the X-ray luminosity of ( 1.8+/-0.4 ) E39 ergs/s is caused by interaction of the SN shock with circumstellar material ( CSM ) , deposited by a stellar wind from the progenitor 's companion star , a mass-loss rate of ~E-05 M_sun/yr is inferred .	We present results on the X-ray and optical/UV emission from the type IIP SN 2006bp and the interaction of the SN shock with its environment , obtained with the X-Ray Telescope ( XRT ) and UV/Optical Telescope ( UVOT ) on-board the Swift observatory .	SN 2006bp is detected in X-rays at a 4.5 sigma level of significance in the merged XRT data from days 1 to 12 after the explosion .	The mass-loss rate is consistent with the non-detection in the radio with the VLA on days 2 , 9 , and 11 after the explosion and characteristic of a red supergiant progenitor with a mass around 12-15 M_sun prior to the explosion .	In combination with a follow-up XMM-Newton observation obtained on day 21 after the explosion , an X-ray rate of decline with index 1.2+/-0.6 is inferred .
+4	This higher excitation , together with the morphological relation , strongly suggested that the molecular cloud was interacting with the SNR .	We present the results of CO emission line observations toward the semicircular Galactic supernova remnant ( SNR ) 3C434.1 ( G94.0+1.0 ) .	We mapped an area covering the whole SNR in the 12CO J=1-0 emission line using the Seoul Radio Astronomy Observatory ( SRAO ) 6-m telescope , and found a large molecular cloud superposed on the faint western part of the SNR .	The cloud was elongated along the north-south direction and showed a very good spatial correlation with the radio features of the SNR .	We carried out 12CO J=2-1 line observations of this cloud using the K\ '' { o } lner Observatorium f\ '' { u } r Sub-Millimeter Astronomie ( KOSMA ) 3-m telescope and found a region in which the 12CO J=2-1 to J=1-0 ratio was high ( ~ 1.6 ) .
+1	We find that the cluster 's half mass radius will respond quickly to this change in potential .	We perform N-body simulations of a cluster that forms in a dwarf galaxy and is then accreted by the Milky Way to investigate how a cluster 's structure is affected by a galaxy merger .	When the cluster is placed on an orbit in the Milky Way with a stronger tidal field the cluster experiences a sharp decrease in size in response to increased tidal forces .	Conversely , when placed on an orbit with a weaker tidal field the cluster expands since tidal forces decrease and stars moving outwards due to internal effects remain bound at further distances than before .	In all cases , we find that the cluster 's half mass radius will eventually be indistinguishable from a cluster that has always lived in the Milky Way on that orbit .
+2	Further , multi-rate system make the analysis of throughput more complicated .	Achieving optimal transmission throughput in data networks in a multi-hop wireless networks is fundamental but hard problem .	The situation is aggravated when nodes are mobile .	In mobile scenario , link may break or be created as nodes are moving within communication range .	`Route Discovery ' which is to find the optimal route and transmission schedule is an important issue .
+4	The concept of `` magic frequencies '' may be applicable to both SETI and METI .	There is a close interrelation between Searching for Extraterrestrial Intelligence ( SETI ) and Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence ( METI ) .	For example , the answers to the questions `` Where to search '' and `` Where to send '' are equivalent , in that both require an identical selection from the same target star lists .	Similar considerations lead to a strategy of time synchronization between sending and searching .	Both SETI and METI use large reflectors .
+3	Our main results for ergodic games are as follows : We establish ( 1 ) an optimal exponential bound on the patience of stationary strategies ( where patience of a distribution is the inverse of the smallest positive probability and represents a complexity measure of a stationary strategy ) ; ( 2 ) the approximation problem lie in FNP ; ( 3 ) the approximation problem is at least as hard as the decision problem for simple stochastic games ( for which NP intersection coNP is the long-standing best known bound ) .	We study two-player ( zero-sum ) concurrent mean-payoff games played on a finite-state graph .	We focus on the important sub-class of ergodic games where all states are visited infinitely often with probability 1 .	The algorithmic study of ergodic games was initiated in a seminal work of Hoffman and Karp in 1966 , but all basic complexity questions have remained unresolved .	We present a variant of the strategy-iteration algorithm by Hoffman and Karp ; show that both our algorithm and the classical value-iteration algorithm can approximate the value in exponential time ; and identify a subclass where the value-iteration algorithm is a FPTAS .
+3	Apart from ages we have estimated abundances of various elements .	We have determined spectroscopic ages of elliptical galaxies in the Virgo cluster using spectra of very high signal-to-noise ratio ( S/N/A & gt ; 100 ) .	We observed 8 galaxies with the Subaru Telescope and have combined this sample with 6 galaxies previously observed with the WHT .	To determine their ages we have used a new method based on the Hgamma_sigma age indicator , which is virtually independent of the effects of metallicity .	In this paper we present the observations , the data reduction and the reliability of the Hgamma_sigma method .
+0	The spin Hall effect and its inverse effect , caused by the spin orbit interaction , provide the interconversion between spin current and charge current .	Since the effects make it possible to generate and manipulate spin current electrically , how to realize the large effects is an important issue in both physics and applications .	To do so , materials with heavy elements , which have strong spin orbit interaction , have been examined so far .	Here , we propose a new mechanism to enhance the spin Hall effect without heavy elements , \ie surface roughness in metallic thin films .	We examine Cu and Al thin films with surface roughness and find that they give the spin Hall effect comparable to that in bulk Au .
+0	We report the progress in the realization of an electronic / optical simulator for space based , long arm interferometry and its application to the eLISA mission .	The goal of this work is to generate realistic optics and electronics signals , especially simulating realistic propagation delays .	The first measurements and characterization of this experiment are also presented .	With the present configuration a modest $ 10^6 $ noise reduction factor has been achieved using the Time Delay Interferometry algorithm .	However , the principle of the experiment has been validated and further work is ongoing to identify the noise sources and optimize the apparatus .
+3	These applications should be considered as a first step in constructing gauge-invariant truncations of the Schwinger-Dyson equations in the non-commutative case .	We re-examine the perturbative properties of four-dimensional non-commutative QED by extending the pinch techniques to the theta-deformed case .	The explicit independence of the pinched gluon self-energy from gauge-fixing parameters , and the absence of unphysical thresholds in the resummed propagators permits a complete check of the optical theorem for the off-shell two-point function .	The known anomalous ( tachyonic ) dispersion relations are recovered within this framework , as well as their improved version in the ( softly broken ) SUSY case .	An interesting result of our formalism appears when considering the theory in two dimensions : we observe a finite gauge-invariant contribution to the photon mass because of a novel incarnation of IR/UV mixing , which survives the commutative limit when matter is present .
+3	We demonstrate this technique using a silicon nanowire mechanical oscillator as a magnetic resonance sensor to image 1H spins in a polystyrene sample .	We report a method for nanometer-scale pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy .	Periodic radiofrequency pulses are used to create temporal correlations in the statistical polarization of a solid organic sample .	The spin density is spatially encoded by applying a series of intense magnetic field gradient pulses generated by focusing electric current through a nanometer-scale metal constriction .	We obtain a two-dimensional projection of the sample proton density with approximately 10-nm resolution .
+1	The mechanism relies on three different pieces of Physics : Maxwell 's equations , the existence of corrugation instabilities of imploding shock waves and , last but not least , the { \em Inertial Polarization Principle } .	In this paper we put forward a mechanism in which imploding shock waves emit electromagnetic radiation in the spectral region $ \lambda_ { 0 } \cong 2\pi R_ { 0 } . $ , where R $ _ { 0 } $ is the radius of the shock by the time it is first formed .	The principle is extensively discussed : how it emerges from very elementary physics and finds experimental support in shock waves propagating in water .	The spectrum of the emitted light is obtained and depends upon two free parameters , the amplitude of the instabilities and the cut-off $ % R_ { \max } $ , the shocks ' spatial extension .	The spectral intensity is determined by the former , but its shape turns out to have only a mild dependence on the latter , in the region of physical interest .
+2	To assign mass-to-light ratios , we use an approach which maximizes the stellar mass for any K-band luminosity at any redshift .	We derive the number density evolution of massive field galaxies in the redshift range 0.4 & lt ; z & lt ; 1.2 using the K-band selected field galaxy sample from the Munich Near-IR Cluster Survey ( MUNICS ) .	We rely on spectroscopically calibrated photometric redshifts to determine distances and absolute magnitudes in the rest-frame K-band .	We take the mass-to-light ratio , M/L_K , of a Simple Stellar Population ( SSP ) which is as old as the universe at the galaxy 's redshift as a likely upper limit .	This is the most extreme case of pure luminosity evolution and in a more realistic model M/L_K will probably decrease faster with redshift due to increased star formation .
+3	We then partition the $ 1\times a $ face into regions , depending on which faces this path traverses .	Given a point ( the `` spider '' ) on a rectangular box , we would like to find the minimal distance along the surface to its opposite point ( the `` fly '' - the reflection of the spider across the center of the box ) .	Without loss of generality , we can assume that the box has dimensions $ 1\times a\times b $ with the spider on one of the $ 1\times a $ faces ( with $ a\leq 1 $ ) .	The shortest path between the points is always a line segment for some planar flattening of the box by cutting along edges .	This choice of faces determines an algebraic distance formula in terms of $ a $ , $ b $ , and suitable coordinates imposed on the face .
+3	In particular , our framework identifies : the conditions of pure photon subtraction , the quantum states of the field modes conditioned to the photon subtraction , the mode with the highest fidelity with a single-photon state when the subtraction is performed on multimode squeezed light .	The subtraction of a single photon from a multimode quantum field is analyzed as the conditional evolution of an open quantum system .	We develop a theory describing different subtraction schemes in a unified approach and we introduce the concept of subtraction modes intrinsic to the process .	The matching between the subtraction modes and the modes of the field defines different possible scenarios for the photon subtraction .	We use our theory to analyze the photon subtraction from a highly multimode quantum resource - a train of quantum squeezed or correlated optical pulses .
+0	The ISI subject categories classify journals included in the Science Citation Index ( SCI ) .	The aggregated journal-journal citation matrix contained in the Journal Citation Reports can be aggregated on the basis of these categories .	This leads to an asymmetrical transaction matrix ( citing versus cited ) which is much more densely populated than the underlying matrix at the journal level .	Exploratory factor analysis leads us to opt for a fourteen-factor solution .	This solution can easily be interpreted as the disciplinary structure of science .
+3	Surprisingly , also fields perpendicular to the spin-orbit field may induce currents and can be employed in adiabatic charge pumping .	Recent experiments in semiconductor nanowires with a spin-orbit coupling and proximity-induced superconductivity exhibit signatures of Majorana bound states predicted to exist in the topological phase .	In this work we predict that these nanowire systems exhibit unconventional magnetoelectric effects showing a sharp crossover behavior at the topological phase transition .	We find that magnetic fields with a component parallel to the spin-orbit field can give rise to currents in equilibrium .	The perpendicular field magnetoelectric effect may be regarded as a manifestation of the anomalous Hall effect in one dimension .
+0	We study the breaking of baryonic symmetries in the AdS_5/CFT_4 correspondence for D3 branes at Calabi-Yau three-fold singularities .	This leads , for particular VEVs , to the emergence of non-anomalous baryonic symmetries during the renormalization group flow .	We claim that these VEVs correspond to critical values of the B-field moduli in the dual supergravity backgrounds .	We study in detail the C^3/Z_3 orbifold , the cone over F_0 and the C^3/Z_5 orbifold .	For the first two examples , we study the dual supergravity backgrounds that correspond to the breaking of the emerging baryonic symmetries and identify the expected Goldstone bosons and global strings in the infra-red .
+4	This is despite the fact that the inter-layer exchange coupling in Cs_2CuCl_4 is about an order of magnitude smaller than the weakest ( diagonal ) exchange in the triangular planes themselves .	We report a thorough theoretical study of the low temperature phase diagram of Cs_2CuCl_4 , a spatially anisotropic spin S=1/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet , in a magnetic field .	Our results , obtained in a quasi-one-dimensional limit in which the system is regarded as a set of weakly coupled Heisenberg chains , are in excellent agreement with experiment .	The analysis reveals some surprising physics .	First , we find that , when the magnetic field is oriented within the triangular layer , spins are actually most strongly correlated within planes perpendicular to the triangular layers .
+3	Recent advances point towards the fact that the evolution of strategies alone may be insufficient to fully exploit the benefits offered by cooperative behavior .	Prevalence of cooperation within groups of selfish individuals is puzzling in that it contradicts with the basic premise of natural selection .	Favoring players with higher fitness , the latter is key for understanding the challenges faced by cooperators when competing with defectors .	Evolutionary game theory provides a competent theoretical framework for addressing the subtleties of cooperation in such situations , which are known as social dilemmas .	Indeed , while spatial structure and heterogeneity , for example , have been recognized as potent promoters of cooperation , coevolutionary rules can extend the potentials of such entities further , and even more importantly , lead to the understanding of their emergence .
+1	The sub-local thermodynamic equilibrium ( LTE ) excitation of the J=4 level implies that the gas is less excited than that in typical nearby starburst galaxies such as NGC253 , and in the high-redshift quasars studied to date , such as J1148+5251 or BR1202-0725 .	Using the IRAM 30m telescope , we have detected the CO J=2-1 , 4-3 , 5-4 , and 6-5 emission lines in the millimeter-bright , blank-field selected AGN COSMOS J100038+020822 at redshift z=1.8275 .	Large velocity gradient ( LVG ) modeling of the CO line spectral energy distribution ( CO SED ; flux density vs. rotational quantum number ) yields H2 densities in the range 10^ { 3.5 } -- 10^ { 4.0 } cm-3 , and kinetic temperatures between 50 K and 200 K. The H2 mass of ( 3.6 - 5.4 ) x 10^ { 10 } M_sun implied by the line intensities compares well with our estimate of the dynamical mass within the inner 1.5 kpc of the object .	Fitting a two-component gray body spectrum , we find a dust mass of 1.2 x 10^ { 9 } M_sun , and cold and hot dust temperatures of 42+/-5 K and 160+/-25 K , respectively .	The broad MgII line allows us to estimate the mass of the central black hole as 1.7 x 10^ { 9 } M_sun .
+4	This formalism is then applied to study chiral two-nucleon ( 2N ) and three-nucleon forces ( 3NF ) evolved to low momentum cutoffs .	We extend the formalism of self-consistent Green 's function theory to include three-body interactions and apply it to isotopic chains around oxygen for the first time .	The third-order algebraic diagrammatic construction [ ADC ( 3 ) ] equations for two-body Hamiltonians can be exploited upon defining system-dependent one- and two-body interactions coming from the three-body force , and correspondingly dropping interaction reducible diagrams .	This goes beyond the standard normal ordering truncations recently used in ab-inito studies .	The Koltun sum rule for the total binding energy acquires a correction due to the added three-body interaction .
+4	We conclude by arguing that developing experimental probes of boost invariance is necessary , and suggest some promising directions in this regard .	We investigate three-dimensional ideal hydrodynamic evolution , with Landau initial conditions , incorporating event-by-event variation with many events and transverse density inhomogeneities .	We show that the transition to boost-invariant flow occurs too late for realistic setups , with corrections of $ \order { 20-30\ % } $ expected at freezeout for most scenarios .	Moreover , the deviation from boost-invariance is correlated with both transverse flow and elliptic flow , with the more highly transversely flowing regions also showing the most violation of boost invariance .	Therefore , if longitudinal flow is not fully developed at the early stages of heavy ion collisions , hydrodynamics where boost-invariance holds at mid-rapidity is inadequate to extract transport coefficients of the quark-gluon plasma .
+4	The techniques that we develop allow us to represent Cayley multigraphs of degree 4 , that are associated to abelian groups , as graph bundles .	We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a cubic graph to be Hamiltonian by analyzing Eulerian tours in certain spanning subgraphs of the quartic graph associated with the cubic graph by 1-factor contraction .	This correspondence is most useful in the case when it induces a blue and red 2-factorization of the associated quartic graph .	We use this condition to characterize the Hamiltonian I-graphs , a further generalization of generalized Petersen graphs .	The characterization of Hamiltonian I-graphs follows from the fact that one can choose a 1-factor in any I-graph in such a way that the corresponding associated quartic graph is a graph bundle having a cycle graph as base graph and a fiber and the fundamental factorization of graph bundles playing the role of blue and red factorization .
+3	This work focuses on alternative market designs that enable sharing of cross-border balancing resources between adjacent power systems through High Voltage Direct Current ( HVDC ) interconnections which provide increased controllability .	Considering that the existing setup of the European electricity markets promotes the spatial coordination of neighbouring power systems only on the day-ahead market stage , regional system operators have to rely mainly on their internal balancing resources in order to guarantee system security .	However , as power systems are forced to operate closer to their technical limits , where flexible generation becomes scarce , the conventional market paradigm may not be able to respond effectively on the wide range of uncertainty .	The operational flexibility of the power system depends both on the technical parameters of its components , i.e. , generators and transmission infrastructure , as well as on the operational practices that make optimal use of the available assets .	In this context , we formulate a stochastic market-clearing algorithm that attains full spatio-temporal integration of reserve capacity , day-ahead and balancing markets .
+2	The weight factors are a direct consequence of the ( diagram-dependence of ) gauge links .	We argue that weighted azimuthal single spin asymmetries in back-to-back jet or pion production in polarized proton-proton scattering can be written as convolutions of universal distribution and fragmentation functions with gluonic pole cross sections as hard functions .	Gluonic pole cross sections are gauge-invariant weighted sums of Feynman diagrams .	The best known consequence of the gauge links is the generation of the Sivers effect that is a source for single-spin asymmetries .	Moreover , due to the dependence of the gauge links on the color-flow of the hard diagram the Sivers effect in SIDIS enters with opposite sign as it does in Drell-Yan scattering .
+2	Under the alternative , the graph is generated from the $ G ( n , p , d ) $ model , where each vertex corresponds to a latent independent random vector uniformly distributed on the sphere $ \mathbb { S } ^ { d-1 } $ , and two vertices are connected if the corresponding latent vectors are close enough .	We study the problem of detecting the presence of an underlying high-dimensional geometric structure in a random graph .	Under the null hypothesis , the observed graph is a realization of an Erd\H { o } s-R\'enyi random graph $ G ( n , p ) $ .	In the dense regime ( i.e. , $ p $ is a constant ) , we propose a near-optimal and computationally efficient testing procedure based on a new quantity which we call signed triangles .	The proof of the detection lower bound is based on a new bound on the total variation distance between a Wishart matrix and an appropriately normalized GOE matrix .
+1	Analysis was completed by way of the information geometry and the entropic dynamics of each system .	In a previous paper ( C. Cafaro et al. , 2012 ) , we compared an uncorrelated 3D Gaussian statistical model to an uncorrelated 2D Gaussian statistical model obtained from the former model by introducing a constraint that resembles the quantum mechanical canonical minimum uncertainty relation .	This analysis revealed that the chaoticity of the 2D Gaussian statistical model , quantified by means of the Information Geometric Entropy ( IGE ) , is softened or weakened with respect to the chaoticity of the 3D Gaussian statistical model due to the accessibility of more information .	In this companion work , we further constrain the system in the context of a correlation constraint among the system 's micro-variables and show that the chaoticity is further weakened , but only locally .	Finally , the physicality of the constraints is briefly discussed , particularly in the context of quantum entanglement .
+3	With appropriately modified operators , factorization is restored at NNLO .	We explore the role of soft gluon exchange in heavy quarkonium production at large transverse momentum .	We find uncanceled infrared poles at NNLO that are not matched by conventional NRQCD matrix elements .	We show , however , that gauge invariance and factorization require that conventional NRQCD production operators be modified to include nonabelian phases or Wilson lines .	We also argue that , in the absence of special cancellations , infrared poles at yet higher orders may require the inclusion of additional nonlocal operators , not present in the NRQCD expansion in relative veloctiy .
+3	The 1-AV problem is equivalent to verifying atomicity/linearizability , a well-known and solved problem .	Modern Internet-scale storage systems often provide weak consistency in exchange for better performance and resilience .	An important weak consistency property is k-atomicity , which bounds the staleness of values returned by read operations .	The k-atomicity-verification problem ( or k-AV for short ) is the problem of deciding whether a given history of operations is k-atomic .	However , for k & gt ; 2 , no polynomial-time k-AV algorithm is known .
+3	The large fraction ( 70 % ) of E+As with positive color gradients ( i.e. , bluer nuclei ) indicates that the young stellar populations are more concentrated than the old populations .	Post-starburst , or E+A galaxies , are the best candidates for galaxies in transition from being gas-rich and star-forming to gas-poor and passively-evolving via galaxy-galaxy mergers .	To determine what E+A galaxies become after their young stellar populations fade away , we present the detailed morphologies of 21 E+As using HST images .	We find that E+As are similar to early types in that they have large bulge fractions ( median B/T = 0.59 ) , high Sersic index ( n & gt ; 4 ) , and high concentration indices ( C & gt ; 4.3 ) .	We show that these positive color gradients can evolve into the negative gradients typical in E/S0s if the central parts of these galaxies are metal enhanced .
+1	Intriguingly , the diffuse X-ray properties of the normal spirals ( both in their disks and halos ) fall where extrapolation of the trends from the starburst galaxies with superwinds would predict .	We investigate how the empirical properties of hot X-ray-emitting gas in a sample of seven starburst and three normal edge-on spiral galaxies ( a sample which covers the full range of star-formation intensity found in disk galaxies ) correlate with the size , mass , star formation rate and star formation intensity in the host galaxies .	We demonstrate that the luminosity of diffuse X-ray emission in both disk and halo is directly proportional to the rate of mechanical energy feedback from massive stars .	Nevertheless , with only three non-starburst normal spiral galaxies it is hard to exclude an accretion-based origin for extra-planar diffuse X-ray emission around normal star-forming galaxies .	Larger galaxies have more extended X-ray-emitting halos , but galaxy mass appears to play no role in determining the properties of the disk or extra-planar X-ray emitting plasma .
+1	First we shortly summarize our present understanding of anomalous normal-state properties of cuprates , and present the electronic phase diagram , phenomenological scenarios and models proposed in this connection .	We review recent results for the properties of doped antiferromagnets , obtained by the numerical analysis of the planar t-J model using the novel finite-temperature Lanczos method for small correlated systems .	The numerical method is then described in more detail .	Following sections are devoted to various static and dynamical properties of the t-J model .	Among thermodynamic properties the chemical potential , entropy and the specific heat are evaluated .
+1	Advantages to existing similar packages are described .	This paper describes a package for calculations of expressions with Dirac matrixes .	MatrixExp package is intended for simplification of complex expressions involving $ \gamma $ -matrixes , providing such tools as automatic Feynman parameterization , integration in $ d $ -dimensional space , sorting and grouping of results in a given order .	Also , in comparison with existing similar package Tracer , presented package MatrixExp has more enhanced input possibility .	User-available functions of MatrixExp package are described in detail .
+2	These include useful IR emission line ratio diagnostic diagrams for the determination of these parameters , as well as Star formation -- AGN mixing diagnostics .	We present models for the mid- and far- infrared emission from the Narrow Line Region ( NLR ) of Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) .	Using the MAPPINGS III code we explore the effect of typical NLR parameters on the spectral characteristics of the IR emission .	We also examine emission line to continuum correlations which would assist in separating the IR emission arising from the NLR from that coming from the inner torus .	We find for AGN like NGC 1068 and NGC 4151 that the NLR only contributes ~10 % to the total IRAS 25 mum flux , and that other components such as a dusty torus are necessary to explain the total AGN IR emission .
+4	For a vanishing expansion factor we recover the Minkowski limit where the amplitude of this process vanishes .	Fermion production in an external Coulomb field on de Sitter expanding universe is studied .	The amplitude and probability of pair production in an external Coulomb field are computed and the cases of large/small values of the expansion factor comparatively with the particle mass are studied .	We obtain from our calculations that the modulus of the momentum is no longer a conserved quantity .	We find that in the de Sitter space there are probabilities for production processes where the helicity is no longer conserved .
+2	In particular , I emphasize that for a wide class of cosmological models , theorists can accurately calculate the spectrum to better than a percent .	Anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) contain a wealth of information about the past history of the universe and the present values of cosmological parameters .	I ouline some of the theoretical advances of the last few years .	The specturm of anisotropies today is directly related to the pattern of inhomogeneities present at the time of recombination .	This recognition leads to a powerful argument that will enable us to distinguish inflationary models from other models of structure formation .
+4	We also study a practical Tone-Reservation ( TR ) encoding algorithm and prove that its performance can be characterized by the statistical width of an appropriate convex set .	In this paper , we study the capacity and degree-of-freedom ( DoF ) scaling for the continuous-time amplitude limited AWGN channels in radio frequency ( RF ) and intensity modulated optical communication ( OC ) channels .	More precisely , we study how the capacity varies in terms of the OFDM block transmission time $ T $ , bandwidth $ W $ , amplitude $ A $ , and the noise spectral density $ N_0 $ .	We first find suitable discrete encoding spaces for both cases , and prove that they are convex sets that have a semi-definite programming ( SDP ) representation .	Using tools from convex geometry , we find lower and upper bounds on the volume of these encoding sets , which we exploit to drive pretty sharp lower and upper bounds on the capacity .
+3	The first stage is characterized by a large enhancement of the forward subsequent recall ( up to 30 times chance ) and a large suppression of backward recalls ( up to 26 times smaller than chance for recalls between 10 and 40 items away ) .	Recently it was shown that free recall consists of two stages : the first few recalls empty working memory and a second stage concludes the recall ( Tarnow , 2015 ; for a review of the theoretical prediction see Murdock , 1974 ) .	Here I investigate conditional response probabilities in Murdock 's 40-1 ( 1962 ) free recall dataset .	I find that the conditional response probabilities confirm the presence of two stages .	The second stage forward subsequent recall is enhanced by a factor of 5 and the probability of backward and forward recalls are concentrated at small distances .
+3	These equations exhibit a $ \pi $ -rotational symmetry , leading to a complex bifurcation structure and a wide variety of solutions .	We study two-cluster solutions of an ensemble of generic limit-cycle oscillators in the vicinity of a Hopf bifurcation , i.e.Stuart-Landau oscillators , with a nonlinear global coupling .	This coupling leads to conserved mean-field oscillations acting back on the individual oscillators as a forcing .	A reduction to two effective equations makes a linear stability analysis of the cluster solutions possible .	In fact , the principal bifurcation structure resembles that of a 2:1 resonance tongue , while inside the tongue we observe an 1:1 entrainment .
+3	A stochastic geometry model for coverage and rate analysis is proposed for MU-MIMO mmWave cellular networks , taking into account important mmWave-specific hardware constraints for hybrid analog/digital precoders and combiners , and a blockage-dependent channel model which is sparse in angular domain .	Large antenna arrays will be needed in future millimeter wave ( mmWave ) cellular networks , enabling a large number of different possible antenna architectures and multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO ) techniques .	It is still unclear which MIMO technique is most desirable as a function of different network parameters .	This paper , therefore , compares the coverage and rate performance of hybrid beamforming enabled multi-user ( MU ) MIMO and single-user spatial multiplexing ( SM ) with single-user analog beamforming ( SU-BF ) .	The analytical results highlight the coverage , rate and power consumption tradeoffs in multiuser mmWave networks .
+3	After presenting such definitions , I show that all existing allegedly LO , as well as NLO analyses of F_2^ { \gamma } ( x , Q^2 ) are incomplete .	QCD analysis of F_2^ { \gamma } ( x , Q^2 ) is revisited .	It is emphasized that the presence of the inhomogeneous term in the evolution equations for quark distribution functions of the photon implies important difference in the way factorization mechanism works in photon-hadron and photon-photon collisions as compared to the hadronic ones .	Moreover , a careful definitions of the very concepts of the `` leading order '' and `` next-to-leading order '' QCD analysis of F_2^ { \gamma } are needed in order to separate genuine QCD effects from those of pure QED origin .	The source of this incompleteness of the conventional approach is traced back to the lack of clear identification of QCD effects and to the misinterpretation of the behaviour of q^ { \gamma } ( x , M ) as a function of \alpha_s ( M ) .
+2	We present the explicit formula for two-loop planar integrands .	In this paper , by treating massive loop momenta to massless momenta in higher dimension , we are able to treat all-loop scattering equations as tree ones .	As an application of the new aspect , we consider the CHY-construction of bi-adjoint phi_3 theory .	We discuss carefully how to subtract various forward singularities in the construction .	We count the number of terms obtained by our formula and by direct Feynman diagram calculation and find the perfect match , thus provide a strong support for our results .
+0	The increasingly popular light sheet microscopy techniques generate very large 3D time-lapse recordings of living biological specimen .	The necessity to make large volumetric datasets available for interactive visualization and analysis has been widely recognized .	However , existing solutions build on dedicated servers to generate virtual slices that are transferred to the client applications , practically leading to insufficient frame rates ( less than 10 frames per second ) for truly interactive experience .	An easily accessible open source solution for interactive arbitrary virtual re-slicing of very large volumes and time series of volumes has yet been missing .	We fill this gap with BigDataViewer , a Fiji plugin to interactively navigate and visualize large image sequences from both local and remote data sources .
+2	We characterize when two such frames are strongly disjoint .	We analyze Parseval frames generated by the action of an ICC group on a Hilbert space .	We parametrize the set of all such Parseval frames by operators in the commutant of the corresponding representation .	We prove an undersampling result showing that if the representation has a Parseval frame of norm $ \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { N } } $ , the Hilbert space is spanned by an orthonormal basis generated by a subgroup .	As applications we obtain some sufficient conditions under which a unitary representation admits a Parseval frame which is spanned by an Riesz sequences generated by a subgroup .
+3	Superradiant scattering on such objects is studied .	We investigate gravitational analogue models to describe slowly rotating objects ( e.g. , dark-matter halos , or boson stars ) in terms of Bose-Einstein condensates , trapped in their own gravitational potentials .	We begin with a modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation , and show that the resulting background equations of motion are stable , as long as the rotational component is treated as a small perturbation .	The dynamics of the fluctuations of the velocity potential are effectively governed by the Klein-Gordon equation of a `` Eulerian metric , '' where we derive the latter by the use of a relativistic Lagrangian extrapolation .	We derive conditions for its occurence and estimate its strength .
+1	Of these relics from the early universe , deuterium is the baryometer of choice .	The primordial abundances of deuterium , helium , and lithium probe the baryon density of the universe only a few minutes after the Big Bang .	After reviewing the current observational status ( a moving target !	) , the BBN baryon density is derived and compared to independent estimates of the baryon density several hundred thousand years after the Big Bang ( as inferred from CMB observations ) and at present , more than 10 billion years later .	The excellent agreement among these values represents an impressive confirmation of the standard model of cosmology , justifying -- indeed , demanding -- more detailed , quantitative scrutiny .
+3	The device was then integrated into fiber laser systems ( at two technologically important wavelengths of 1 and 1.5 um ) for polarization control .	We introduce a simple approach to fabricate aligned carbon nanotube ( ACNT ) device for broadband polarization control in fiber laser systems .	The ACNT device was fabricated by pulling from as-fabricated vertically-aligned carbon nanotube arrays .	Their anisotropic property is confirmed with optical and scanning electron microscopy , and with polarized Raman and absorption spectroscopy .	We obtained a linearly-polarized light output with the maximum extinction ratio of ~12 dB .
+1	The leptoquarks belong to vectorlike $ ( 2 , 2 , \pm { 4/3 } , 3 or 3^* ) $ representations of $ SU ( 2 ) _L\times SU ( 2 ) _R\times U ( 1 ) _ { B-L } \times SU ( 3 ) _c $ ( denoted $ G_ { 2213 } $ ) .	We point out that in extended supersymmetric models such as supersymmetric left-right models , it is possible to have leptoquarks that explain the HERA high $ Q^2 $ anomaly without giving up R-parity conservation .	Unlike the R-parity violating scenario , the leptoquarks are accompanied by new superpartners , the leptoquarkino which leads to many intersting signatures in other collider experiments .	At Tevatron , pair productions of the leptoquarkino will give rise to dilepton signals very distinct from the top productions .	These models can lead to unification of gauge coupling constants at a scale of around $ 10^ { 10 } $ GeV implying that grand unification group is not of the usual SU ( 5 ) or SO ( 10 ) types but rather an automatically R-parity conserving $ SU ( 5 ) \times SU ( 5 ) $ GUT model recently proposed by one of the authors ( R. N. M. ) which leads to a stable proton .
+3	For $ p & lt ; p_t $ , the transition is of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type , while for $ p & gt ; p_t $ it is first-order .	Liquid crystals in two dimensions do not support long-ranged nematic order , but a quasi-nematic phase where the orientational correlations decay algebraically is possible .	The transition from the isotropic to the quasi-nematic phase can be continuous of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type , or it can be first-order .	We report here on a liquid crystal model where the nature of the isotropic to quasi-nematic transition can be tuned via a single parameter $ p $ in the pair potential .	Precisely at $ p=p_t $ , there is a tricritical point , where , in addition to the orientational correlations , also the positional correlations decay algebraically .
+3	Consequently , the effective low energy theory has two special features : a U ( 1 ) symmetry that is explicitly broken by a small parameter , leading to selection rules , and an exact residual Z_2 symmetry , that is lepton parity .	We investigate supersymmetric models where neither R-parity nor lepton number nor baryon number is imposed .	The full high energy theory has an exact horizontal U ( 1 ) symmetry that is spontaneously broken .	Quarks and Higgs fields carry integer horizontal charges but leptons carry half integer charges .	As concerns neutrino parameters , the Z_2 symmetry forbids contributions from R_p-violating couplings and the U ( 1 ) symmetry induces the required hierarchy .
+1	Methods : We consider 14 lensed quasars that are candidates for time-delay monitoring and model them in detail using pixelized lens models .	Aims : To predict time delays for a sample of gravitationally lensed quasars and to evaluate the accuracy that can be realistically achieved on the value of H_0 .	For each system , we provide a mass map , arrival-time surface and the distribution of predicted time-delays in a concordance cosmology , assuming H_0^ { -1 } =14 Gyr ( H_0=70 in local units ) .	Based on the predicted time-delays and on the observational circumstances , we rate each lens as `excellent ' or `good ' or `unpromising ' for time-delay monitoring .	Finally , we analyze simulated time delays for the 11 lens rated excellent or good , and show that H_0 can be recovered to a precision of 5 % .
+3	Because it is stochastic , the model allows us to examine inhomogeneities and agglomerations that would be impossible to characterize with deterministic methods .	Developing high fidelity quantitative models of solid state reaction systems can be challenging , especially in deposition systems where , in addition to the multiple competing processes occurring simultaneously , the solid interacts with its atmosphere .	In this work , we develop a model for the growth of a thin solid film where species from the atmosphere adsorb , diffuse , and react with the film .	The model is mesoscale and describes an entire film with thickness on the order of microns .	We demonstrate the modeling approach with the example of chalcopyrite Cu ( InGa ) ( SeS ) $ _2 $ thin film growth via precursor reaction , which is a common industrial method for fabricating thin film photovoltaic modules .
+3	We show that $ R $ is Gorenstein with finite self-injective dimension at most $ n $ if and only if $ \id R\leq n $ and $ \fd \bigoplus_ { i=0 } ^n I_i ( R ) & lt ; \infty $ .	In this paper , we focus on $ n $ -syzygy modules and the injective cogenerator determined by the minimal injective resolution of a noether ring .	We study the properties of $ n $ -syzygy modules and a category $ R_n ( \mod R ) $ which includes the category consisting of all $ n $ -syzygy modules and their applications on Auslander-type rings .	Then , we investigate the injective cogenerators determined by the minimal injective resolution of $ R $ .	Some known results can be our corollaries .
+1	They are : 1 ) Axial shear flow proposed by Arber and Howell with the pinch discharge in its center , and experimentally tested by Shumlak et al .	Different ways to achieve the stabilization of a linear z-pinch by a superimposed shear flow are analyzed .	2 ) Spiral flow of a dense low temperature plasma surrounding a dense pinch discharge .	3 ) A thin metallic projectile shot at a high velocity through the center of the pinch discharge .	4 ) The replacement of the high velocity projectile by the shape charge effect jet in a conical implosion .
+3	Above this second critical point , a macroscopic fraction of the oscillators spend most of the time in one of the three states , yielding a prototypical nonequilibrium example ( without an equilibrium counterpart ) in which discrete rotational ( C_3 ) symmetry is spontaneously broken , in the absence of any absorbing state .	A lattice model of three-state stochastic phase-coupled oscillators has been shown by Wood et al ( 2006 Phys.Rev.Lett .	96 145701 ) to exhibit a phase transition at a critical value of the coupling parameter , leading to stable global oscillations .	We show that , in the complete graph version of the model , upon further increase in the coupling , the average frequency of collective oscillations decreases until an infinite-period ( IP ) phase transition occurs , at which point collective oscillations cease .	Simulation results and nucleation arguments strongly suggest that the IP phase transition does not occur on finite-dimensional lattices with short-range interactions .
+3	The average optimal time for communication is not affected by any disorder in the system and our simulations show that anti-ferromagnetic chains are much more resistive than the ferromagnetic ones against both kind of disorders .	Quantum dot arrays are a promising media for transferring quantum information between two distant points without resorting to mobile qubits .	Here we study two most common disorders namely , hyperfine interaction and exchange coupling fluctuations , in quantum dot arrays and their effects on quantum communication through these chains .	Our results show that the hyperfine interaction is more destructive than the exchange coupling fluctuations .	Even when time modulation of a coupling and optimal control is employed to improve the transmission , the anti-ferromagnetic chain performs much better .
+2	Yet despite the interesting architectural features , a compelling programming model has not been presented to date .	The Adapteva Epiphany many-core architecture comprises a 2D tiled mesh Network-on-Chip ( NoC ) of low-power RISC cores with minimal uncore functionality .	It offers high computational energy efficiency for both integer and floating point calculations as well as parallel scalability .	This paper demonstrates an efficient parallel programming model for the Epiphany architecture based on the Message Passing Interface ( MPI ) standard .	Using MPI exploits the similarities between the Epiphany architecture and a conventional parallel distributed cluster of serial cores .
+0	We suggest that white dwarf ( WD ) pulsars can compete with neutron star ( NS ) pulsars for producing the excesses of cosmic ray electrons/positrons observed by the PAMELA , ATIC/PPB-BETS , Fermi and HESS experiments .	A merger of two WDs leads to a rapidly spinning WD with a rotational energy comparable to the NS case .	The birth rate is also similar , providing the right energy budget for the cosmic ray electrons/positrons .	Applying the NS theory , we suggest that the WD pulsars can in principle produce electrons/positrons up to 10 TeV .	In contrast to the NS model , the adiabatic and radiative energy losses of electrons/positrons are negligible since their injection continues after the expansion of the pulsar wind nebula , and hence it is enough that a fraction 1 % of WDs are magnetized as observed .
+4	The strength of the correlation decreases with decreasing UHECR energy and no correlation exists at energy $ \sim 60 $ EeV .	Cosmic neutrino events detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory with energy $ \gtrsim 30 $ TeV have poor angular resolutions to reveal their origin .	Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays ( UHECRs ) , with better angular resolutions at $ & gt ; 60 $ EeV energies , can be used to check if the same astrophysical sources are responsible for producing both neutrinos and UHECRs .	We test this hypothesis , with statistical methods which emphasize invariant quantities , by using data from the Pierre Auger Observatory , Telescope Array and past cosmic-ray experiments .	We find that the arrival directions of the cosmic neutrinos are correlated with $ \ge 100 $ EeV UHECR arrival directions at confidence level $ \approx 93\ % $ .
+1	For these two descriptions , an exact expression of the Dirac Green 's function in terms of the non-relativistic Green 's function is first derived and then used to calculate the effective Hamiltonian , i.e. , Pauli Hamiltonian , and effective velocity operator in the weak-relativistic limit .	We present a weak-relativistic limit comparison between the Kohn-Sham-Dirac equation and its approximate form containing the exchange coupling , which is used in almost all relativistic codes of density-functional theory .	We point out that , besides neglecting orbital magnetism effects , the approximate Kohn-Sham-Dirac equation also gives relativistic corrections which differ from those of the exact Kohn-Sham-Dirac equation .	These differences have quite serious consequences : in particular , the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of an uniaxial ferromagnet and the anisotropic magnetoresistance of a cubic ferromagnet are found from the approximate Kohn-Sham-Dirac equation to be of order $ 1/c^2 $ , whereas the correct results obtained from the exact Kohn-Sham-Dirac equation are of order $ 1/c^4 $ .	We give a qualitative estimate of the order of magnitude of these spurious terms .
+4	The redshifted maser gas appears projected against both sides of the jet , in the same manner as the HI seen in absorption .	We present multi-frequency simultaneous VLBA observations at 15 , 22 and 43 GHz towards the nucleus of the nearby radio galaxy NGC 1052 .	These three continuum images reveal a double-sided jet structure , whose relative intensity ratios imply that the jet axis is oriented close to the sky plane .	The steeply rising spectra at 15-43 GHz at the inner edges of the jets strongly suggest that synchrotron emission is absorbed by foreground thermal plasma .	We detected H2O maser emission in the velocity range of 1550-1850 km/s , which is redshifted by 50-350 km/s with respect to the systemic velocity of NGC 1052 .
+4	While the elastic properties and the phase velocity remain anisotropic , the effective Poisson 's ratio indeed becomes isotropic and approaches -1 in the limit of small internal connections .	Dilational materials are stable three-dimensional isotropic auxetics with an ultimate Poisson 's ratio of -1 .	We design , evaluate , fabricate , and characterize crystalline metamaterials approaching this ideal .	To reveal all modes , we calculate the phonon band structures .	On this basis , using cubic symmetry , we can unambiguously retrieve all different non-zero elements of the rank-4 effective metamaterial elasticity tensor , from which all effective elastic metamaterial properties follow .
+4	The entire four-dimensional SO ( 10 ) model is placed on the physical SO ( 10 ) brane except for the gauge fields , the 45 and a single 10 of Higgs fields , which are placed in the five-dimensional bulk .	It has been shown recently that the problem of rapid proton decay induced by dimension five operators arising from the exchange of colored Higgsinos can be simply avoided in grand unified models where a fifth spatial dimension is compactified on an orbifold .	Here we demonstrate that this idea can be used to solve the Higgsino-mediated proton decay problem in any realistic SO ( 10 ) model by lifting that model to five dimensions .	A particular SO ( 10 ) model that has been proposed to explain the pattern of quark and lepton masses and mixings is used as an example .	The idea is to break the SO ( 10 ) down to the Pati-Salam symmetry by the orbifold boundary conditions .
+3	Therefore , we try several strategies to acquire the merged embeddings which may not only retain the performance of { \it entity inference } , { \it relation prediction } , and even { \it triplet classification } evaluated by the single-thread { \bf TransE } on several well-known knowledge bases such as Freebase and NELL , but also scale up the learning speed along with the number of cores within a processor .	This article firstly attempts to explore parallel algorithms of learning distributed representations for both entities and relations in large-scale knowledge repositories with { \it MapReduce } programming model on a multi-core processor .	We accelerate the training progress of a canonical knowledge embedding method , i.e . { \it translating embedding } ( { \bf TransE } ) model , by dividing a whole knowledge repository into several balanced subsets , and feeding each subset into an individual core where local embeddings can concurrently run updating during the { \it Map } phase .	However , it usually suffers from inconsistent low-dimensional vector representations of the same key , which are collected from different { \it Map } workers , and further leads to conflicts when conducting { \it Reduce } to merge the various vectors associated with the same key .	So far , the empirical studies show that we could achieve comparable results as the single-thread { \bf TransE } performs by the { \it stochastic gradient descend } ( SGD ) algorithm , as well as increase the training speed multiple times via adapting the { \it batch gradient descend } ( BGD ) algorithm for { \it MapReduce } paradigm .
+1	All four of these SNRs were detected in whole at 24 $ \mu $ m and in part at 70 $ \mu $ m .	We report observations with the MIPS instrument aboard the { \it Spitzer Space Telescope } ( SST ) of four supernova remnants ( SNRs ) believed to be the result of core-collapse SNe : N132D ( 0525-69.6 ) , N49B ( 0525-66.0 ) , N23 ( 0506-68.0 ) , and 0453-68.5 .	Comparisons with { \it Chandra } broadband X-ray images show an association of infrared ( IR ) emission with the blast wave .	We attribute the observed IR emission to dust that has been collisionally heated by electrons and ions in the hot , X-ray emitting plasma , with grain size distributions appropriate for the LMC and the destruction of small grains via sputtering by ions .	As with our earlier analysis of Type Ia SNRs , models can reproduce observed 70/24 $ \mu $ m ratios only if effects from sputtering are included , destroying small grains .
+0	We discuss four-dimensional `` spatially homogeneous '' gravitational instantons .	These are self-dual solutions of Euclidean vacuum Einstein 's equations with potentially non-vanishing cosmological constant .	They are endowed with a product structure R \times M_3 leading to a natural foliation into three-dimensional subspaces evolving in Euclidean time .	For a large class of three-dimensional subspaces , the dynamics coincides with the geometric flow on the three-dimensional homogeneous slice , driven by the Ricci tensor plus an so ( 3 ) gauge connection .	The metric on the three-dimensional space is related to the vielbein of the three-dimensional subspace , while the gauge field is inherited from the anti-self-dual component of the four-dimensional Levi -- Civita connection .
+3	These algorithms find high-quality solutions quickly , and continually improve the incumbent solution or prove its optimality before resources are exhausted .	Exact algorithms for learning Bayesian networks guarantee to find provably optimal networks .	However , they may fail in difficult learning tasks due to limited time or memory .	In this research we adapt several anytime heuristic search-based algorithms to learn Bayesian networks .	Empirical results show that the anytime window A* algorithm usually finds higher-quality , often optimal , networks more quickly than other approaches .
+1	Dissipation is accounted for by applying the theory of extended causal thermodynamics ( Israel-Stewart theory ) .	The equations governing dissipative relativistic hydrodynamics are formulated within the 3+1 approach for arbitrary spacetimes .	This description eliminates the causality violating infinite signal speeds present in the conventional Navier-Stokes equation .	As an example we treat the astrophysically relevant case of stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes , including the Kerr metric .	The equations take a simpler form whenever the inertia due to the dissipative contributions can be neglected .
+0	Recent experimental and theoretical progress regarding B -- & gt ; K ( * ) l+ l- decays led to improved bounds on the Wilson coefficients C_9 and C_10 of four-fermion operators of the |Delta B|=|Delta S|=1 effective Hamiltonian .	We analyze the resulting implications on squark flavor violation in the MSSM and obtain new constraints on flavor-changing left-right mixing in the up-squark-sector .	We find the dimensionless flavor mixing parameter ( delta^u_23 ) _LR , depending on the flavor-diagonal MSSM masses and couplings , to be as low as \lesssim 0.1 .	This has implications for models based on radiative flavor violation and leads to BR ( B_s -- & gt ; mu+ mu- ) \gtrsim 1 x 10^-9 .	Rare top decays t -- & gt ; c gamma , t -- & gt ; c g , t -- & gt ; c Z have branching ratios predicted to be below \lesssim few times 10^-8 , 10^-6 and 10^-7 , respectively .
+0	We construct an explicit renormalization group ( RG ) transformation for Levin and Wen 's string-net models on a hexagonal lattice .	The transformation leaves invariant the ground-state `` fixed-point '' wave function of the string-net condensed phase .	Our construction also produces an exact representation of the wave function in terms of the multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz ( MERA ) .	This sets the stage for efficient numerical simulations of string-net models using MERA algorithms .	It also provides an explicit quantum circuit to prepare the string-net ground-state wave function using a quantum computer .
+2	One of them is the lightest SUSY particle ( LSP ) which is expected to be lighter than 1 eV forming hot dark matter in the Universe .	We study the decays of the SM-like Higgs state within the E6 inspired supersymmetric ( SUSY ) models with exact custodial symmetry that forbids tree-level flavor-changing transitions and the most dangerous baryon and lepton number violating operators .	In these models there are two states which are absolutely stable and can contribute to the dark matter density .	The presence of another stable neutral state allows to account for the observed cold dark matter density .	In the considered SUSY models next-to-lightest SUSY particle ( NLSP ) also tend to be light .
+1	After a general overview of the phenomenon of high temperature superconductivity , we discuss Anderson 's RVB picture and its implementation by renormalised mean field theory ( RMFT ) and variational Monte Carlo ( VMC ) techniques .	We review the Resonating Valence Bond ( RVB ) theory of high temperatur e superconductivity using Gutzwiller projected wave functions that incorporate strong correlations .	We review RMFT and VMC results with an emphasis on recent development s in extending VMC and RMFT techniques to excited states .	We compare results obtained from these methods with angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( ARPES ) and scanning tunnelling microscopy ( STM ) .	We conclude by summarising recent successes of this approach and discuss open problems that need to be solved for a consistent and complete description of high temperature superconductivity using Gutzwiller projected wave functions .
+0	Generalized belief propagation ( GBP ) has proven to be a promising technique for approximate inference tasks in AI and machine learning .	However , the choice of a good set of clusters to be used in GBP has remained more of an art then a science until this day .	This paper proposes a sequential approach to adding new clusters of nodes and their interactions ( i.e . `` regions '' ) to the approximation .	We first review and analyze the recently introduced region graphs and find that three kinds of operations ( `` split '' , `` merge '' and `` death '' ) leave the free energy and ( under some conditions ) the fixed points of GBP invariant .	This leads to the notion of `` weakly irreducible '' regions as the natural candidates to be added to the approximation .
+2	This mechanism gives large PV effects , since it does not suffer from the suppression of 1/ ( electron mass ) usually present for non-relativistic atomic electrons .	Metastable excited states $ { } ^3P_2 , { } ^3P_0 $ of heavy alkaline earth atoms of even isotopes are studied for parity violating ( PV ) effects in radiative emission of neutrino pair ( RENP ) .	PV terms arise from interference between two diagrams containing neutrino pair emission of valence spin current and nuclear electroweak charge density proportional to the number of neutrons in nucleus .	A controllable magnetic field is crucial to identify RENP process by measuring PV observables .	Results of PV asymmetries under the magnetic field reversal and the photon circular polarization reversal are presented for an example of Yb atom .
+0	According to the theoretical study , a deformation object ( e.g. , a spinning non-axisymmetric pulsar star ) will radiate a gravitational wave ( GW ) signal during an accelaration motion process by LIGO science project .	These types of disturbance sources with a large bump or dimple on the equator would survive and be identifiable as GW sources .	In this work , we aim to provide a method for exploring GW radiation from isolated neutron stars ( NSs ) with deformation state using some observational results , which can be confirmed by the next LIGO project .	Combination with the properties in observation results ( e.g. , PSR J1748-2446 , PSR 1828-11 and Cygnus X-1 ) , based on a binary population synthesis ( BPS ) approach we give a numerical GW radiation under the assumption that NS should have non-axisymmetric and give the results of energy spectrum .	We find that the GW luminosity of $ L_ { GW } $ can be changed from about $ 10^ { 40 } \rm erg/s $ -- $ 10^ { 55 } \rm erg/s $ .
+4	From the YSOs associated with W51 , we find evidence for mass segregation showing that the most massive YSOs are concentrated on the W51 HII region complex .	We present 737 candidate Young Stellar Objects ( YSOs ) near the W51 Giant Molecular Cloud ( GMC ) over an area of 1.25 deg x 1.00 deg selected from Spitzer Space Telescope data .	We use spectral energy distribution ( SED ) fits to identify YSOs and distinguish them from main-sequence or red giant stars , asymptotic giant branch stars , and background galaxies .	Based on extinction of each YSO , we separate a total of 437 YSOs associated with the W51 region from the possible foreground sources .	We identify 69 highly embedded Stage 0/I candidate YSOs in our field with masses & gt ; 5 Msun ( corresponding to mid-to early-B main-sequence spectral types ) 46 of which are located in the central active star forming regions of W51A and W51B .
+3	We obtained a qubit signal from a coherent oscillation with an angular velocity of up to 2pi*11.4 Grad/s .	The quantum state of a flux qubit was successfully pulse-controlled by using a resonant microwave .	We observed Ramsey fringes by applying a pair of phase-shifted pi/2 microwave pulses without introducing detuning .	With this method , the qubit state can be rotated on an arbitrary axis in the x-y plane of the Bloch sphere in a rotating frame .	In combination with Rabi pulses , this method enables us to achieve full control of single qubit operation .
+2	We study the implication of this convergence for the local order parameter , i.e. , the local overlap distribution function and a family of susceptibilities to it associated , and we show that locally the system behaves like its mean field analogue .	We study a finite range spin glass model in arbitrary dimension , where the intensity of the coupling between spins decays to zero over some distance $ \gamma^ { -1 } $ .	We prove that , under a positivity condition for the interaction potential , the infinite-volume free energy of the system converges to that of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model , in the Kac limit $ \gamma\to0 $ .	Similar results are obtained for models with $ p $ -spin interactions .	Finally , we discuss a possible approach to the problem of the existence of long range order for finite $ \gamma $ , based on a large deviation functional for overlap profiles .
+4	We find the nuclear spin fluctuations lead to detuned Raman scattered photons which are distinguishable from both the elastic and incoherent components of the resonance fluorescence .	A semiconductor quantum dot can generate highly coherent and indistinguishable single photons .	However , intrinsic semiconductor dephasing mechanisms can reduce the visibility of two-photon interference .	For an electron in a quantum dot , a fundamental dephasing process is the hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spin bath .	Here we directly probe the consequence of the fluctuating nuclear spins on the elastic and inelastic scattered photon spectra from a resident electron in a single dot .
+0	We carried out a systematic search of precursors on the sample of short GRBs observed by Swift .	We found that ~8-10 % of short GRBs display such early episode of emission .	One burst ( GRB 090510 ) shows two precursor events , the former ~13 s and the latter ~0.5 s before the GRB .	We did not find any substantial difference between the precursor and the main GRB emission , and between short GRBs with and without precursors .	We discuss possible mechanisms to reproduce the observed precursor emission within the scenario of compact object mergers .
+3	The proposed network cartography framework allows efficient tracking and prediction of delays by relying on both topological as well as historical data .	Path delays in IP networks are important metrics , required by network operators for assessment , planning , and fault diagnosis .	Monitoring delays of all source-destination pairs in a large network is however challenging and wasteful of resources .	The present paper advocates a spatio-temporal Kalman filtering approach to construct network-wide delay maps using measurements on only a few paths .	Optimal paths for delay measurement are selected in an online fashion by leveraging the notion of submodularity .
+0	In this comment we show that there is a direct connection between coherent exchange of energy among light and matter and the emission spectrum of a microcavity quantum dot system as modeled in Phys.Rev .	B 79 , 235325 ( 2009 ) [ arXiv:0807.3194 ] by F. P. Laussy , E. del Valle , and C. Tejedor .	To do so , we show that in their model the necessary and sufficient conditions for having eigenvalues with non-zero imaginary parts in the propagator of the bare mode populations , are the same as for having strong coupling in the emission spectrum .	This amounts to saying that , whenever there is strong coupling there will be oscillating frequencies in the dynamics of the populations .	These conditions are valid both for the case where matter is treated as bosonic or fermionic , in the spontaneous emission case .
+1	Magnetotransport measurement was performed simultaneously across three different regions of the sample viz .	Proximity effect in a mechanically exfoliated Bi1.95Sb0.05Se3 topological insulator ( TI ) single crystal partially covered with disordered superconducting ( SC ) Mo thin film is reported .	SC , TI and SC/TI junction .	Resistance measured across SC shows a TC at 4.3 K concomitantly the resistance measurement on TI showed a metallic trend with a steep upturn at TC .	Magneto-resistance ( MR ) measurement on TI exhibit a positive MR with Shubnikov-de Haas ( SdH ) oscillations , whereas on SC a positive MR superimposed with steep cusp close to TC is observed .
+3	We also report how the process of quantum tomography is experimentally implemented to characterize these states .	Pure entangled states of two spatial qudits have been produced by using the momentum transverse correlation of the parametric down-converted photons [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	\textbf { 94 } 100501 ] .	Here we show a generalization of this process to enable the creation of mixed states of spatial qudits and by using the technique proposed we generate mixed states of spatial qubits .	This tomographic reconstruction is based on the free evolution of spatial qubits , coincidence detection and a filtering process .
+1	The fact that in a nonlinear sigma model , the Fock vacuum can act as a section of a line bundle on the target space plays a crucial role in our ( 0,2 ) computations , so we begin with a review of this property .	In this paper we compute spaces of chiral operators in general two-dimensional ( 0,2 ) nonlinear sigma models , both in theories twistable to the A/2 or B/2 model , as well as in non-twistable theories , and apply them to check recent duality conjectures .	We also take this opportunity to show how even in ( 2,2 ) theories , the Fock vacuum encodes in this way choices of target space spin structures , and discuss how such choices enter the A and B model topological field theories .	We then compute chiral operators in general ( 0,2 ) nonlinear sigma models , and apply them to test the recent Gadde-Gukov-Putrov triality proposal , which says that certain triples of ( 0,2 ) GLSMs should RG flow to nontrivial IR fixed points .	We find that different UV theories in the same proposed universality class do not necessarily have the same space of chiral operators -- but , the mismatched operators do not contribute to elliptic genera and are in non-integrable representations of the proposed IR affine symmetry groups , suggesting that the mismatched states become massive along RG flow .
+2	In the case of weak surface tension , we find intervals of stable and unstable wave numbers , whose boundaries are associated with the extremum of the group velocity , the resonance between the first and second harmonics , the resonance between long and short waves , and a resonance between dispersion and the nonlinearity .	We study modulational stability and instability in the Whitham equation , combining the dispersion relation of water waves and a nonlinearity of the shallow water equations , and modified to permit the effects of surface tension and constant vorticity .	When the surface tension coefficient is large , we show that a periodic traveling wave of sufficiently small amplitude is unstable to long wavelength perturbations if the wave number is greater than a critical value , and stable otherwise , similarly to the Benjamin-Feir instability of gravity waves .	For each constant vorticity we show that a periodic traveling wave of sufficiently small amplitude is unstable if the wave number is greater than a critical value , and stable otherwise .	Moreover it can be made stable for a sufficiently large vorticity .
+2	We analyze finite-temperature effects on the damping of the collective modes by using an effective spin-1 model and the field theoretical methods based on the finite-temperature Green 's function .	We study collective modes of superfluid Bose gases in optical lattices at commensurate fillings .	We focus on the vicinity of the quantum phase transition to the Mott insulator , where there exists the Higgs amplitude mode in addition to the Nambu-Goldstone phase mode associated with the spontaneous U ( 1 ) symmetry breaking .	We calculate the damping rates up to 1-loop order and evaluate them analytically and numerically .	We show that the damping rate of the Higgs mode increases with increasing the temperature but it remains underdamped up to a typical temperature achieved in experiments .
+2	In this article , we propose the Yang-Baxter sigma models based on the classical Yang-Baxter equations ( CYBE ) rather than the mCYBE .	It is known that Yang-Baxter sigma models provide a systematic way to study integrable deformations of both principal chiral models and symmetric coset sigma models .	In the original proposal and its subsequent development , the deformations have been characterized by classical $ r $ -matrices satisfying the modified classical Yang-Baxter equation ( mCYBE ) .	This generalization enables us to utilize various kinds of solutions of the CYBE to classify integrable deformations .	In particular , it is straightforward to realize partial deformations of the target space without loss of the integrability of the parent theory .
+2	For a grid containing $ N $ points , the scheme requires $ O ( N \log^ { 2 } N ) $ arithmetic operations and $ O ( N \log N ) $ storage to compute an approximate inverse .	A fast direct inversion scheme for the large sparse systems of linear equations resulting from the discretization of elliptic partial differential equations in two dimensions is given .	The scheme is described for the particular case of a discretization on a uniform square grid , but can be generalized to more general geometries .	If only a single solve is required , then the scheme requires only $ O ( \sqrt { N } \log N ) $ storage ; the same storage is sufficient for computing the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator as well as other boundary-to-boundary operators .	The scheme is illustrated with several numerical examples .
+0	We extend a lattice Boltzmann algorithm of liquid crystal hydrodynamics to include an applied electric field .	The approach solves the equations of motion written in terms of a tensor order parameter .	Back-flow effects and the hydrodynamics of topological defects are included .	We investigate some of the dynamics relevant to liquid crystal devices ; in particular defect-mediated motion of domain walls relevant to the nucleation of states useful in pi-cells .	An anisotropy in the domain wall velocity is seen because defects of different topology couple differently to the flow field .
+4	Each of these forms for the bispectrum is intrinsic to the symmetries of de Sitter space and in that sense , independent of specific model assumptions .	In addition to simple scale invariance , a universe dominated by dark energy naturally gives rise to correlation functions possessing full conformal invariance .	This is due to the mathematical isomorphism between the conformal group of certain 3 dimensional slices of de Sitter space and the de Sitter isometry group SO ( 4,1 ) .	In the standard homogeneous isotropic cosmological model in which primordial density perturbations are generated during a long vacuum energy dominated de Sitter phase , the embedding of flat spatial sections in de Sitter space induces a conformal invariant perturbation spectrum and definite prediction for the shape of the non-Gaussian CMB bispectrum .	In the case in which the density fluctuations are generated instead on the de Sitter horizon , conformal invariance of the horizon embedding implies a different but also quite definite prediction for the angular correlations of CMB non-Gaussianity on the sky .
+2	Our aim is to understand that in the large $ \kappa $ limit , stable configurations should correspond to vortices pinned at the minimum of $ a_\ep $ and to derive the limiting homogenized free-boundary problem which arises for the magnetic field in replacement of the London equation .	We study the Ginzburg-Landau energy of superconductors with a term $ a_\ep $ modelling the pinning of vortices by impurities in the limit of a large Ginzburg-Landau parameter $ \kappa=1/\ep $ .	The function $ a_\ep $ is oscillating between 1/2 and 1 with a scale which may tend to 0 as $ \kappa $ tends to infinity .	The method and techniques that we use are inspired from those of Sandier-Serfaty ( in which the case $ a_\ep \equiv 1 $ was treated ) and based on energy estimates , convergence of measures and construction of approximate solutions .	Because of the term $ a_\ep ( x ) $ in the equations , we also need homogenization theory to describe the fact that the impurities , hence the vortices , form a homogenized medium in the material .
+4	The theory permits the development of efficient numerical schemes also for very large networks .	Nowadays , the exponentially growing of the Web renders the problem of correlation among different topics of paramount importance .	The proposed model can be used to study the evolution of network depicted by different topics on the web correlated by a dynamic `` fluid '' of tags among them .	The fluid-dynamic model depicted is completely evolutive , thus it is able to describe the dynamic situation of a network at every instant of time .	This overcomes the difficulties encountered by many static models .
+4	Yet , the scaling law for our system differs from that of classical imbibition in porous media such as aqueous foam .	When using appropriate surfactants , oil and aqueous foam can be intimately mixed without the foam being destroyed .	In this Letter , we show that a foam , initially free of oil , can draw an oil drop under the action of capillary forces and stretch it through the aqueous network .	We focus on the suction of oil by a single horizontal foam channel , known as a Plateau border .	In such confined channels , imbibition dynamics are governed by a balance between capillarity and viscosity .
+0	The rotational influence on the eddy-diffusivity tensor D_ij for anisotropic turbulence fields is considered in order to explain the lithium decay law during the spin-down process of solar-type stars .	Rotation proves to be highly effective in the transfer of chemicals through the solar tachocline ( beneath the convection zone ) which is assumed to contain only turbulence with horizontal motions .	The effect is so strong that the tachocline turbulence must not exceed a limit of ~10^- ( 3 ... 4 ) of the rms velocity in the convection zone in order to let the lithium survive after Gigayears .	Such long depletion times can also be explained by a very small rotational influence upon the eddy-diffusion tensor if it is realized with correlation times shorter than 15 min .	It is argued that such slow and/or short-living turbulence beneath the convection zone could hardly drive the solar dynamo .
+0	Recent results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe have been called a corroboration , or even a confirmation , of inflation .	Yet , the results include features that require , at least , a significant distortion of what is usually meant by inflation .	At the same time , critics have leveled the charge that inflation is an arbitrarily pliable theory and is therefore beyond proof or disproof .	This startling dissonance in attitudes toward inflation seems to have grown out of the lack of a clear framework with which to evaluate the inflationary paradigm .	In this rhetorical pamphlet we reexamine the inflationary paradigm , attempt to articulate explicitly how the paradigm and its descendant models are falsifiable , and make a sober assessment of the successes and failures of inflation .
+2	Our analysis using human and yeast PPI networks revealed that these methods missed several important complexes including those conserved between the two species ( e.g.the MLH1-MSH2-PMS2-PCNA mismatch-repair complex ) .	Protein complexes conserved across species indicate processes that are core to cellular machinery ( e.g.cell-cycle or DNA damage-repair complexes conserved across human and yeast ) .	While numerous computational methods have been devised to identify complexes from the protein interaction ( PPI ) networks of individual species , these are severely limited by noise and errors ( false positives ) in currently available datasets .	Here , we note that much of the functionalities of yeast complexes have been conserved in human complexes not only through sequence conservation of proteins but also of critical functional domains .	Therefore , integrating information of domain conservation might throw further light on conservation patterns between yeast and human complexes .
+1	Here we consider an alternative scenario , that Jupiter 's core may have accumulated in the innermost parts of the protoplanetary disk .	Jupiter 's core is generally assumed to have formed beyond the snow line .	A growing body of research suggests that small particles ( `` pebbles '' ) continually drift inward through the disk .	If a fraction of drifting pebbles is trapped at the inner edge of the disk a several Earth-mass core can quickly grow .	Subsequently , the core may migrate outward beyond the snow line via planet-disk interactions .
+1	This non-ergodic phase reenters into the relaxor state at low temperatures as evidenced by the appearance of a frequency dependent anomaly in the imaginary part of the dielectric constant around 160K , similar to those reported in other relaxor ferroelectric based morphotropic phase boundary ceramics .	Dielectric measurements on 0.65 [ Pb ( Ni_1/3Nb_2/3 ) O_3 ] -0.35PbTiO_3 ceramic in the temperature range 90K to 470K shows a relaxor ferroelectric transition around 350K with a Vogel-Fulcher freezing temperature of 338K and appearance of a non-ergodic relaxor ferroelectric phase of tetragonal structure at room temperature .	The polarization relaxation time for the 160K anomaly also follows Vogel-Fulcher type temperature dependence .	Temperature dependent magnetization measurements show that this low temperature anomaly is not linked with any magnetic transition .	Elastic modulus and low temperature x-ray diffraction ( XRD ) measurements reveal a tetragonal to monoclinic phase transition around 225K .
+1	A node of this network represents a population of B lymphocytes of the same idiotype which is encoded by a bit string .	We consider the problem of self tolerance in the frame of a minimalistic model of the idiotypic network .	The links of the network connect nodes with ( nearly ) complementary strings .	The population of a node survives if the number of occupied neighbours is not too small and not too large .	There is an influx of lymphocytes with random idiotype from the bone marrow .
+3	We describe their overall design and present examples of their current use with emphasis on interactive analysis .	We present the current status of CMS data analysis architecture and describe work on future Grid-based distributed analysis prototypes .	CMS has two main software frameworks related to data analysis : COBRA , the main framework , and IGUANA , the interactive visualisation framework .	Software using these frameworks is used today in the world-wide production and analysis of CMS data .	CMS is currently developing remote analysis prototypes , including one based on Clarens , a Grid-enabled client-server tool .
+2	However , previous research has shown that most of these hiding techniques are either based on the same idea or introduce limited novelty , enabling the application of existing countermeasures .	The research discipline of network steganography deals with the hiding of information within network transmissions , e.g.to transfer illicit information in networks with Internet censorship .	The last decades of research on network steganography led to more than hundred techniques for hiding data in network transmissions .	In this paper , we provide a link between the field of creativity and network steganographic research .	We propose a framework and a metric to help evaluating the creativity bound to a given hiding technique .
+2	Importance sampling is a well-established technique that achieves this , however to maintain the advantages of statistical model checking it is necessary to find good importance sampling distributions without considering the entire state space .	Statistical model checking avoids the exponential growth of states associated with probabilistic model checking by estimating properties from multiple executions of a system and by giving results within confidence bounds .	Rare properties are often very important but pose a particular challenge for simulation-based approaches , hence a key objective under these circumstances is to reduce the number and length of simulations necessary to produce a given level of confidence .	Motivated by the above , we present a simple algorithm that uses the notion of cross-entropy to find the optimal parameters for an importance sampling distribution .	In contrast to previous work , our algorithm uses a low dimensional vector of parameters to define this distribution and thus avoids the often intractable explicit representation of a transition matrix .
+1	The inclusion of internal spin requires us to re-analyze our notion of asymptotic flatness .	In this paper we investigate the manner in which the internal spin angular momentum of a spinor field is encoded in the gravitational field at asymptotic infinity .	In particular , the Poincar\ ' { e } symmetry at asymptotic infinity must replaced by a spin-enlarged Poincar\ ' { e } symmetry .	Likewise , the generators of the asymptotic symmetry group must be supplemented to account for the internal spin .	In the Hamiltonian framework of first order Einstein-Cartan gravity , the extra generator comes from the boundary term of the Gauss constraint in the asymptotically flat context .
+3	It is known that not every graph admits a dominating induced matching , while the problem to decide if it does admit it is NP-complete .	Say that an edge of a graph $ G $ dominates itself and every other edge adjacent to it .	An edge dominating set of a graph $ G= ( V , E ) $ is a subset of edges $ E ' \subseteq E $ which dominates all edges of $ G $ .	In particular , if every edge of $ G $ is dominated by exactly one edge of $ E ' $ then $ E ' $ is a dominating induced matching .	In this paper we consider the problems of finding a minimum weighted dominating induced matching , if any , and counting the number of dominating induced matchings of a graph with weighted edges .
+4	In particular , we get new examples of knotted surfaces in CP^2 , not isotopic to complex curves , but which are topologically unknotted .	In this paper , given a knot K , for any integer m we construct a new surface Sigma_K ( m ) from a smoothly embedded surface Sigma in a smooth 4-manifold X by performing a surgery on Sigma .	This surgery is based on a modification of the `rim surgery ' which was introduced by Fintushel and Stern , by doing additional twist spinning .	We investigate the diffeomorphism type and the homeomorphism type of ( X , Sigma ) after the surgery .	One of the main results is that for certain pairs ( X , Sigma ) , the smooth type of Sigma_K ( m ) can be easily distinguished by the Alexander polynomial of the knot K and the homeomorphism type depends on the number of twist and the knot .
+0	A particular sequence of patterns , `` $ \text { gaps } \to \text { labyrinth } \to \text { spots } $ , '' occurs with decreasing precipitation in previously reported numerical simulations of PDE dryland vegetation models .	These observations have led to the suggestion that this sequence of patterns can serve as an early indicator of desertification in some ecosystems .	Since parameter values can take on a range of plausible values in the vegetation models , it is important to investigate whether the pattern sequence prediction is robust to variation .	For a particular model , we find that a quantity calculated via bifurcation-theoretic analysis appears to serve as a proxy for the pattern sequences that occur in numerical simulations across a range of parameter values .	We find in further analysis that the quantity takes on values consistent with the standard sequence in an ecologically relevant limit of the model parameter values .
+4	We find a continuous set of critical theories at $ \alpha=1 $ , parametrized by the value of the coupling constant of the $ \sigma- $ model .	We study statistical properties of the ensemble of large $ N\times N $ random matrices whose entries $ H_ { ij } $ decrease in a power-law fashion $ H_ { ij } \sim|i-j|^ { -\alpha } $ .	Mapping the problem onto a nonlinear $ \sigma- $ model with non-local interaction , we find a transition from localized to extended states at $ \alpha=1 $ .	At this critical value of $ \alpha $ the system exhibits multifractality and spectral statistics intermediate between the Wigner-Dyson and Poisson one .	These features are reminiscent of those typical for the mobility edge of disordered conductors .
+0	The general context of this study is the inversion of stellar fundamental parameters from high-resolution Echelle spectra .	We aim indeed at developing a fast and reliable tool for the post-processing of spectra produced by Espadons and Narval spectropolarimeters .	Our inversion tool relies on principal component analysis .	It allows reduction of dimensionality and the definition of a specific metric for the search of nearest neighbours between an observed spectrum and a set of observed spectra taken from the Elodie stellar library .	Effective temperature , surface gravity , total metallicity and projected rotational velocity are derived .
+3	In the presence of local correlations , $ 2\Delta ( 0 ) /T_c $ differs from the BCS ratio , since Coulomb interactions affect much more the superconducting critical temperature , $ T_c $ , than the superconducting order parameter , $ \Delta ( T ) $ .	We derive the superconductiong mean-field equations for an attractive interaction , V , in the s-wave channel when local Coulomb interactions are taken into account for any value of U .	Our results show that the Coulomb repulsion is detrimental to the critical temperature , $ T_c $ , and the order parameter , $ \Delta ( T ) $ , for values of $ U \geq |V| $ .	Furthermore , our results depend on band filling in a sensible way .	We conclude that the presence of Coulomb interactions play an additional role in the analysis of experimental data , specially in narrow band systems .
+4	Diseases do not spread very effectively through local contacts .	We have performed individual-based lattice simulations of SIR and SEIR dynamics to investigate both the short and long-term dynamics of childhood epidemics .	In our model , infection takes place through a combination of local and long-range contacts , in practice generating a dynamic small-world network .	Sustained oscillations emerge with a period much larger than the duration of infection .	We found that the network topology has a strong impact on the amplitude of oscillations and in the level of persistence .
+4	The spectral features have been use previously to determine $ \log_ { 10 } ( g ) $ , and now that the luminosity and radius of a non-binary red giant or red supergiant can be observed , spherical model stellar atmospheres can be used to determine the star 's mass from currently achievable spectroscopy .	Mass is the most important stellar parameter , but it is not directly observable for a single star .	Spherical model stellar atmospheres are explicitly characterized by their luminosity ( $ L_\star $ ) , mass ( $ M_\star $ ) and radius ( $ R_\star $ ) , and observations can now determine directly $ L_\star $ and $ R_\star $ .	We computed spherical model atmospheres for red giants and for red supergiants holding $ L_\star $ and $ R_\star $ constant at characteristic values for each type of star but varying $ M_\star $ , and we searched the predicted flux spectra and surface-brightness distributions for features that changed with mass .	For both stellar classes we found similar signatures of the star 's mass in both the surface-brightness distribution and the flux spectrum .
+2	To study competing magnetic orders , we consider the strong coupling effective spin Hamiltonian which includes chiral three-spin exchange .	Motivated by experiments on ultracold atoms which have realized the Haldane model for a Chern insulator , we consider its strongly correlated Mott limit with spin- $ 1/2 $ fermions .	We find that slave rotor mean field theory yields gapped or gapless chiral spin liquid Mott insulators .	We obtain its classical phase diagram , uncovering various chiral magnetic orders including tetrahedral , cone , and noncoplanar spiral states which can compete with putative chiral quantum spin liquids .	We study the effect of thermal fluctuations on these states , identifying crossovers in the spin chirality , and phase transitions associated with lattice symmetry breaking .
+4	For different values of the CP-violating phase , $ \delta_D $ , the required accuracy of measurements is estimated .	The area of the unitarity triangle is a measure of CP-violation .	We introduce the leptonic unitarity triangles and study their properties .	We consider the possibility of reconstructing the unitarity triangle in future oscillation and non-oscillation experiments .	A set of measurements is suggested which will , in principle , allow us to measure all sides of the triangle , and consequently to establish CP-violation .
+3	The main difficulty resides in the fact that the model used to explain the observations is computationally demanding and the sampling is very time consuming .	Our aim is to present a fast and general Bayesian inference framework based on the synergy between machine learning techniques and standard sampling methods and apply it to infer the physical properties of clumpy dusty torus using infrared photometric high spatial resolution observations of active galactic nuclei .	We make use of the Metropolis-Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for sampling the posterior distribution function .	Such distribution results from combining all a-priori knowledge about the parameters of the model and the information introduced by the observations .	For this reason , we apply a set of artificial neural networks that are used to approximate and interpolate a database of models .
+0	We report on a computational study of the statics and dynamics of long flexible linear polymers that spontaneously knot and unknot .	Specifically , the equilibrium self-entanglement properties , such as the knotting probability , knot length and position , are investigated with extensive Monte Carlo sampling of chains of up to 15,000 beads .	Tens of such equilibrated chains of up to 4 , 096 beads are next used as starting points for Langevin dynamics simulations .	The complex interplay of chain dynamics and self-knotting is addressed by monitoring the time evolution of various metric and entanglement properties .	In particular , the extensive duration of the simulations allows for observing the spontaneous formation and disappearance of prime and composite physical knots in linear chains .
+3	We show that under a charge-conjugation transformation this term changes sign relative to the mass term .	We propose a simple scenario which explains the observed matter-antimatter imbalance and the origin of dark matter in the Universe .	We use the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory of gravity which naturally extends general relativity to include the intrinsic spin of matter .	Spacetime torsion produced by spin generates , in the classical Dirac equation , the Hehl-Datta term which is cubic in spinor fields .	A classical Dirac spinor and its charge conjugate therefore satisfy different field equations .
+2	The broader outcome of this work is a novel class of replication-based outer bounds for arbitrary rank-constrained MIMO interference networks where replicas of existing users are added as auxiliary users and the network connectivity is chosen to ensure that any achievable scheme for the original network also works in the new network .	In order to gain new insights into MIMO interference networks , the optimality of $ \sum_ { k=1 } ^K M_k/2 $ ( half the cake per user ) degrees of freedom is explored for a $ K $ -user multiple-input-multiple-output ( MIMO ) interference channel where the cross-channels have arbitrary rank constraints , and the $ k^ { th } $ transmitter and receiver are equipped with $ M_k $ antennas each .	The result consolidates and significantly generalizes results from prior studies by Krishnamurthy et al. , of rank-deficient interference channels where all users have $ M $ antennas , and by Tang et al. , of full rank interference channels where the $ k^ { th } $ user pair has $ M_k $ antennas .	The replicated network creates a new perspective of the problem , so that even simple arguments such as user cooperation become quite powerful when applied in the replicated network , giving rise to stronger outer bounds , than when applied directly in the original network .	Remarkably , the replication based bounds are broadly applicable not only to MIMO interference channels with arbitrary rank-constraints , but much more broadly , even beyond Gaussian settings .
+0	Many giant exoplanets in close orbits have observed radii which exceed theoretical predictions .	One suggested explanation for this discrepancy is heat deposited deep inside the atmospheres of these `` hot Jupiters '' .	Here , we study extended power sources which distribute heat from the photosphere to the deep interior of the planet .	Our analytical treatment is a generalization of a previous analysis of localized `` point sources '' .	We model the deposition profile as a power law in the optical depth and find that planetary cooling and contraction halt when the internal luminosity ( i.e.cooling rate ) of the planet drops below the heat deposited in the planet 's convective region .
+3	Within the US LHC Accelerator Research Program ( LARP ) and the European FP7 HiLumi LHC Design Study , we are proposing a conceptual design for applying this technique to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN .	Collimation with hollow electron beams is a technique for halo control in high-power hadron beams .	It is based on an electron beam ( possibly pulsed or modulated in intensity ) guided by strong axial magnetic fields which overlaps with the circulating beam in a short section of the ring .	The concept was tested experimentally at the Fermilab Tevatron collider using a hollow electron gun installed in one of the Tevatron electron lenses .	A prototype hollow electron gun for the LHC was built and tested .
+0	We discuss the effective string theory of vortex lines in ordinary fluids and low-temperature superfluids , by describing the bulk fluid flow in terms of a two-form field to which vortex lines can couple .	We derive the most general low-energy effective Lagrangian that is compatible with ( spontaneously broken ) Poincare invariance and worldsheet reparameterization invariance .	This generalizes the effective action developed by Lund and Regge and by Endlich and Nicolis .	By applying standard field-theoretical techniques , we show that certain low-energy coupling constants -- most notably the string tension -- exhibit RG running already at the classical level .	We discuss applications of our techniques to the study of Kelvin waves , vortex rings , and the coupling to bulk sound modes .
+2	In the present paper , we report that such control can in some cases be compromised by the presence of Coulomb impurities .	In a recent paper ( Phys.Rev .	B { \bf 78 } , 075316 ( 2008 ) ) , Sajeev and Moiseyev demonstrated that the bound-to-resonant transitions and lifetimes of autoionizing states in spherical quantum dots can be controlled by varying the confinment strength .	It is demonstrated that a screened Coulomb impurity placed in the vicinity of the dot center can lead to bound-to-resonant transitions and to avoided crossings-like behavior when the screening of the impurity charge is varied .	It is argued that these properties also can have impact on electron transport through quantum dot arrays .
+0	Choosing a hard-to-guess secret is a prerequisite in many security applications .	Whether it is a password for user authentication or a secret key for a cryptographic primitive , picking it requires the user to trade-off usability costs with resistance against an adversary : a simple password is easier to remember but is also easier to guess ; likewise , a shorter cryptographic key may require fewer computational and storage resources but it is also easier to attack .	A fundamental question is how one can optimally resolve this trade-off .	A big challenge is the fact that an adversary can also utilize the knowledge of such usability vs. security trade-offs to strengthen its attack .	In this paper , we propose a game-theoretic framework for analyzing the optimal trade-offs in the face of strategic adversaries .
+0	The derivation of statistical properties for Partial Least Squares regression can be a challenging task .	The reason is that the construction of latent components from the predictor variables also depends on the response variable .	While this typically leads to good performance and interpretable models in practice , it makes the statistical analysis more involved .	In this work , we study the intrinsic complexity of Partial Least Squares Regression .	Our contribution is an unbiased estimate of its Degrees of Freedom .
+4	This indicates the anti-crossing of neighboring Landau and spin levels .	InAs-AlSb quantum wells are investigated by transport experiments in magnetic fields tilted with respect to the sample normal .	Using the coincidence method we find for magnetic fields up to 28 T that the spin splitting can be as large as 5 times the Landau splitting .	We find a value of the g-factor of about 13 .	For small even-integer filling factors the corresponding minima in the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations can not be tuned into maxima for arbitrary tilt angles .
+4	The two descriptions are related by a massive analog of mirror symmetry : the exact mass formula which is given by a one-loop calculation in the Coulomb phase gives predictions for an infinite series of instanton corrections in the Higgs phase .	The vacuum structure and spectra of two-dimensional gauge theories with N= ( 2,2 ) supersymmetry are investigated .	These theories admit a twisted mass term for charged chiral matter multiplets .	In the case of a U ( 1 ) gauge theory with N chiral multiplets of equal charge , an exact description of the BPS spectrum is obtained for all values of the twisted masses .	The BPS spectrum has two dual descriptions which apply in the Higgs and Coulomb phases of the theory respectively .
+0	We consider first-passage percolation on $ \mathbb { Z } ^2 $ with i.i.d .	weights , whose distribution function satisfies $ F ( 0 ) = p_c = 1/2 $ .	This is sometimes known as the `` critical case '' because large clusters of zero-weight edges force passage times to grow at most logarithmically , giving zero time constant .	Denote $ T ( \mathbf { 0 } , \partial B ( n ) ) $ as the passage time from the origin to the boundary of the box $ [ -n , n ] \times [ -n , n ] $ .	We characterize the limit behavior of $ T ( \mathbf { 0 } , \partial B ( n ) ) $ by conditions on the distribution function $ F $ .
+3	We prove that our definition of Liouville loop operators is invariant under modular transformations , which given our correspondence , implies the conjectured action of S-duality on the gauge theory loop operators .	We propose a correspondence between loop operators in a family of four dimensional N=2 gauge theories on S^4 -- including Wilson , 't Hooft and dyonic operators -- and Liouville theory loop operators on a Riemann surface .	This extends the beautiful relation between the partition function of these N=2 gauge theories and Liouville correlators found by Alday , Gaiotto and Tachikawa .	We show that the computation of these Liouville correlators with the insertion of a Liouville loop operator reproduces Pestun 's formula capturing the expectation value of a Wilson loop operator in the corresponding gauge theory .	Our computations in Liouville theory make an explicit prediction for the exact expectation value of 't Hooft and dyonic loop operators in these N=2 gauge theories .
+4	This stochastic force is actually described by the well known energy loss rate due to Coulomb collision with ambient particles , but , in order to match the collision kernel in the linearized Boltzmann equation it needs to be treated in a very specific manner .	During solar flares a large amount of electrons are accelerated within the plasma present in the solar atmosphere .	Accurate measurements of the motion of these electrons start becoming available from the analysis of hard X-ray imaging-spectroscopy observations .	In this paper , we discuss the linearized perturbations of the Boltzmann kinetic equation describing an ensemble of electrons accelerated by the energy release occurring during solar flares .	Either in the limit of high energy or at vanishing background temperature such an equation reduces to a continuity equation equipped with an extra force of stochastic nature .
+2	The highest local maxima in the landscape are visited for even larger mutation rates , close to a transition point at which the population delocalizes ( i.e. , leaves the fitness peak at which it was localized ) and starts traversing the sequence space .	We investigate the evolutionary dynamics of a finite population of sequences adapting to NK fitness landscapes .	We find that , unlike in the case of an infinite population , the average fitness in a finite population is maximized at a small but finite , rather than vanishing , mutation rate .	If the mutation rate is increased even further , the population undergoes a second transition and loses all sensitivity to fitness peaks .	This second transition corresponds to the standard error threshold transition first described by Eigen .
+0	We consider a homogeneous stochastic higher spin six vertex model in a quadrant .	For this model we derive concise integral representations for multi-point q-moments of the height function and for the q-correlation functions .	At least in the case of the step initial condition , our formulas degenerate in appropriate limits to many known formulas of such type for integrable probabilistic systems in the ( 1+1 ) d KPZ universality class , including the stochastic six vertex model , ASEP , various q-TASEPs , and associated zero range processes .	Our arguments are largely based on properties of a family of symmetric rational functions ( introduced in arXiv:1410.0976 ) that can be defined as partition functions of the higher spin six vertex model for suitable domains ; they generalize classical Hall-Littlewood and Schur polynomials .	A key role is played by Cauchy-like summation identities for these functions , which are obtained as a direct corollary of the Yang-Baxter equation for the higher spin six vertex model .
+2	In this paper , we discuss the generation of Gaussian curvature in thin nematic sheets using smooth in-plane director fields patterned across the surface .	Considerable recent attention has been given to the study of shape formation using modern responsive materials that can be preprogrammed to undergo spatially inhomogeneous local deformations .	In particular , nematic liquid crystal polymer networks offer exciting possibilities in this context .	We highlight specific patterns which encode constant Gaussian curvature of prescribed sign and magnitude and present experimental results which appear to support the theoretical predictions .	Specifically , we provide experimental evidence for the realization of positive and negative Gaussian curvature in glassy and elastomeric liquid crystal polymer networks through the stimulation of smoothly varying in-plane director fields .
+0	Cloud storage is fast securing its role as a major repository for both consumers and business customers .	Many companies now offer storage solutions , sometimes for free for limited amounts of capacity .	We have surveyed the pricing plans of a selection of major cloud providers and compared them using the unit price as the means of comparison .	All the providers , excepting Amazon , adopt a bundling pricing scheme ; Amazon follows instead a block-declining pricing policy .	We compare the pricing plans through a double approach : a pointwise comparison for each value of capacity , and an overall comparison using a two-part tariff approximation and a Pareto-dominance criterion .
+0	I will discuss to what degree the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) can be used to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity involving one tensor and two scalar fluctuations , focusing on the correlation of one $ B $ -mode polarization fluctuation with two temperature fluctuations ( BTT ) .	In the simplest models of inflation , the tensor-scalar-scalar primordial bispectrum is non-vanishing and is of the same order in slow-roll parameters as the scalar-scalar-scalar bispectrum .	I will show that constraints from an experiment like CMB-Stage IV using this observable are more than an order of magnitude better than those on the same primordial coupling obtained from temperature measurements alone .	I will argue that $ B $ -mode non-Gaussianity opens up an as-yet-unexplored window into the early Universe , demonstrating that significant information on primordial physics remains to be harvested from CMB anisotropies .	BTT presents a measure of both primordial tensors and primordial non-Gaussianity , two of the most sought after signatures of the inflationary paradigm .
+2	Between these two regimes , the particle-size distribution is largely unknown .	Radio occultations of Saturn 's main rings by spacecraft suggest a power law particle size-distribution down to sizes of the order of 1 cm ( Marouf et al. , 1983 ) , ( Zebker et al. , 1985 ) .	The lack of optical depth variations between ultraviolet and near-IR wavelengths indicate a lack of micron-sized particles .	A cutoff where the particle-size distribution turns over must exist , but the position and shape of it is not clear from existing studies .	Using a series of solar occultations performed by the VIMS instrument on-board Cassini in the near-infrared , we are able to measure light forward scattered by particles in the A and C rings .
+4	By adding an analytical parameterization of the Ekman transport to simulations using stress-free boundary conditions , we demonstrate that the heat transfer jumps from values broadly compatible with the asymptotic theory to states of strongly increased heat transfer , in good quantitative agreement with no-slip DNS and compatible with the experimental data .	Rapidly rotating Rayleigh-B\'enard convection is studied by combining results from direct numerical simulations ( DNS ) , laboratory experiments and asymptotic modeling .	The asymptotic theory is shown to provide a good description of the bulk dynamics at low , but finite Rossby number .	However , large deviations from the asymptotically predicted heat transfer scaling are found , with laboratory experiments and DNS consistently yielding much larger Nusselt numbers than expected .	These deviations are traced down to dynamically active Ekman boundary layers , which are shown to play an integral part in controlling heat transfer even for Ekman numbers as small as $ 10^ { -7 } $ .
+4	Mesoscopic fluctuations contribute as a small h/e oscillation , resolved only in the purely normal state .	We identify the different contributions to quantum interference in a mesoscopic metallic loop in contact with two superconducting electrodes .	At low temperature , a flux-modulated Josephson coupling is observed with strong damping over the thermal length L_ { T } .	At higher temperature , the magnetoresistance exhibits large h/2e-periodic oscillations with 1/T power law decay .	This flux-sensitive contribution arises from coherence of low-energy quasiparticles states over the phase-breaking length L_ { \phi } .
+4	Within the revision of the classification of the finite simple groups this concludes the revision of Phan 's theorems and their extension to the non-simply laced diagrams .	We adapt and refine methods developed by Abramenko and Devillers -- K\ '' ohl -- M\ '' uhlherr in order to establish the sphericity of the Phan geometries of type B_n and C_n , and their generalizations .	As an application we determine the finiteness length of the unitary form of certain hyperbolic Kac -- Moody groups .	We also reproduce the finiteness length of the unitary form of the groups Sp_ { 2n } ( GF ( q^2 ) [ t , t^ { -1 } ] ) .	Another application is the first published proof of the Phan-type theorem of type F_4 .
+1	However , more focused studies on UDW started only recently , perhaps after the identification of the low temperature phase in alpha- ( BEDT-TTF ) _2KHg ( SCN ) _4 as unconventional charge density wave ( UCDW ) in 2002 .	Unconventional density waves ( UDW ) are one of the ground states in metallic crystalline solids and have been speculated already in 1968 .	More recently , the metallic phase of Bechgaard salts ( TMTSF ) _2X with X=PF_6 and ReO_4 under both pressure and magnetic field appears to be unconventional spin density wave ( USDW ) .	The pseudogap regime of high T_c superconductors LSCO , YBCO , Bi2212 and the one in CeCoIn_5 belong to d-wave density waves ( d-DW ) .	In these identifications , the angular dependent magnetoresistance and the giant Nernst effect have played the crucial role .
+1	Low field effect mobility is the main constraint preventing WSe2 from becoming one of the competing channel materials for field-effect transistors ( FETs ) .	Monolayer WSe2 is a two dimensional ( 2D ) semiconductor with a direct bandgap , and it has been recently explored as a promising material for electronics and optoelectronics .	Recent results have demonstrated that chemical treatments can modify the electrical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides ( TMDCs ) including MoS2 and WSe2 .	Here , we report that controlled heating in air significantly improves device performance of WSe2 FETs in terms of on-state currents and field-effect mobilities .	Specifically , after heating at optimized conditions , chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer WSe2 FETs showed an average FET mobility of 31 cm2/Vs and on/off current ratios up to 5*108 .
+3	We also give a characterization of the pairs that admit negatively curved cone-edge K\ '' ahler-Einstein metrics with cone angle close to $ 2\pi $ .	Tian initiated the study of incomplete K\ '' ahler-Einstein metrics on quasi-projective varieties with cone-edge type singularities along a divisor , described by the cone-angle $ 2\pi ( 1-\alpha ) $ for $ \alpha\in ( 0 , 1 ) $ .	In this paper we study how the existence of such K\ '' ahler-Einstein metrics depends on $ \alpha $ .	We show that in the negative scalar curvature case , if such K\ '' ahler-Einstein metrics exist for all small cone-angles then they exist for every $ \alpha\in ( \frac { n+1 } { n+2 } , 1 ) $ , where $ n $ is the dimension .	Again if these metrics exist for all cone-angles close to $ 2\pi $ , then they exist in a uniform interval of angles depending on the dimension only .
+2	However , known algorithms , including the ones producing approximate values , have too high a time and/or space complexity to be used in such cases .	The diameter of a graph is among its most basic parameters .	Since a few years , it moreover became a key issue to compute it for massive graphs in the context of complex network analysis .	We propose here a new approach relying on very simple and fast algorithms that compute ( upper and lower ) bounds for the diameter .	We show empirically that , on various real-world cases representative of complex networks studied in the literature , the obtained bounds are very tight ( and even equal in some cases ) .
+2	Public finance is defined as a field of economics concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities , and with the administration and design of those activities .	Information and Communication Technologies ( ICT ) has practically penetrated into all spheres of life .	Therefore a closer look at the impact of ICT in public financial management and performance is highly justified .	Activities will be viewed as services or more precisely as public services .	We believe that there is need to consider performance from the perspective of effective performance and the perceived performance .
+0	In a homogeneous and isotropic universe bulk viscosity is the unique viscous effect capable to modify the background dynamics .	Effects like shear viscosity or heat conduction can only change the evolution of the perturbations .	The existence of a bulk viscous pressure in a fluid , which in order to obey to the second law of thermodynamics is negative , reduces its effective pressure .	We discuss in this study the degeneracy in bulk viscous cosmologies and address the possibility that phantom dark energy cosmology could be caused by the existence of non-equilibrium pressure in any cosmic component .	We establish the conditions under which either matter or radiation viscous cosmologies can be mapped into the phantom dark energy scenario with constraints from multiple observational data-sets
+1	When the number of embedded patterns is finite , the Trotter decomposition reduces the problem to that of a random Ising model .	We develop the statistical mechanics of the Hopfield model in a transverse field to investigate how quantum fluctuations affect the macroscopic behavior of neural networks .	It turns out that the effects of quantum fluctuations on macroscopic variables play the same roles as those of thermal fluctuations .	For an extensive number of embedded patterns , we apply the replica method to the Trotter-decomposed system .	The result is summarized as a ground-state phase diagram drawn in terms of the number of patterns per site , $ \alpha $ , and the strength of the transverse field , $ \Delta $ .
+1	Previous studies have revealed a wide range of properties and phenomena , including extraordinarily high brightness temperatures , sub-nanosecond emission features , and banded dynamic spectra .	Radio giant pulses provide a unique opportunity to study the pulsar radio emission mechanism in exquisite detail .	New measurements of giant pulse characteristics can help guide and test theoretical emission models .	To this end , an extensive observation campaign has begun which will provide more than 500 hours on the Crab with a 34-meter antenna located in California , USA .	The observations are being done as part of an educational outreach program called the Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio Telescope ( GAVRT ) .
+2	While J0437-4715 is a binary millisecond pulsar and B0950+08 and B1929+10 are isolated , slow pulsars , all three pulsars are nearby and very bright .	We discuss the discovery of `notch-like ' features in the mean pulse profile of the nearby , bright pulsar B0950+08 .	We compare these low-level features with those previously seen in the pulse profiles of pulsars J0437-4715 and B1929+10 .	Furthermore , all three have detectable emission over an unusually wide range of pulse phase .	We describe the similar properties of the notch features seen in all three pulsars and discuss possible interpretations .
+2	A self-consistent model of the potential in solution is developed , and a stationary charge density on the membrane surface is found .	In this paper the problem of surface charge of the lipid membrane immersed in the physiological solution is considered .	It is shown that both side of the bilayer phospholipid membrane surface are negatively charged .	It is shown that the ions of the surface charge are in a relatively deep ( as compared to kBT ) potential wells , which are localized near the dipole heads of phospholipid membrane .	It makes impossible for ions to slip along the membrane surface .
+3	Employment of KAs flux led to the growth of large single crystals with the typical size of as large as 15 mm x 10 mm x 0.4 mm .	Centimeter sized platelet single crystals of KFe2As2 were grown using a self-flux method .	An encapsulation technique using commercial stainless steel container allowed the stable crystal growth lasting for more than 2 weeks .	Ternary K-Fe-As systems with various starting compositions were examined to determine the optimal growth conditions .	The grown crystals exhibit sharp superconducting transition at 3.4 K with the transition width 0.2 K , as well as the very large residual resistivity ratio exceeding 450 , evidencing the good sample quality .
+2	We have observed several positions near the MS IV concentration , and find that the strongest emission is on the sharp leading-edge density gradient .	We have detected faint , diffuse H $ \alpha emission from several points along the Magellanic Stream , using the Rutgers Fabry -- Perot Interferometer at the CTIO 1.5-m telescope .	At points on the leading edges of the H I clouds MS II , MS III , and MS IV , we detect H $ \alpha emission of surface brightness $ 0.37 \pm 0.02 $ Rayleighs , $ 0.21 \pm 0.04 $ R , and $ 0.20 \pm 0.02 $ R respectively , corresponding to emission measures of 1.0 to 0.5 \cmsixpc .	There is less emission at points away from the gradient , and halfway between MS III and MS IV the H $ \alpha surface brightness is $ & lt ; 0.04 $ R. We attribute the H $ \alpha emission at cloud leading edges to heating of the Stream clouds by ram pressure from ionized gas in the halo of the Galaxy .	These observations suggest that ram pressure from halo gas plays a large role in stripping the Stream out of the Magellanic Clouds .
+2	In the half rectangular version , east and south growing rays do not interact with west and north rays .	We investigate the ray-length distributions for two different rectangular versions of Gilbert 's tessellation .	In the full rectangular version , lines extend either horizontally ( with east- and west-growing rays ) or vertically ( north- and south-growing rays ) from seed points which form a Poisson point process , each ray stopping when another ray is met .	For the half rectangular tessellation we compute analytically , via recursion , a series expansion for the ray-length distribution , whilst for the full rectangular version we develop an accurate simulation technique , based in part on the stopping-set theory of Zuyev , to accomplish the same .	We demonstrate the remarkable fact that plots of the two distributions appear to be identical when the intensity of seeds in the half model is twice that in the full model .
+1	It can conveniently be represented in terms of an associated finite graph with weights in $ \Z^d $ , corresponding to a $ \Z^d $ -bundle with connection .	A periodic graph in dimension $ d $ is a directed graph with a free action of $ \Z^d $ with only finitely many orbits .	Here we use the weight sums along cycles in this associated graph to construct a certain polytope in $ \R^d $ , which we regard as a geometrical invariant associated to the periodic graph .	It is the unit ball of a norm on $ \R^d $ describing the large-scale geometry of the graph .	It has a physical interpretation as the set of attainable velocities of a particle on the graph which can hop along one edge per timestep .
+2	At high temperature the action has three saddle points : hot flat space and a large and small black hole .	Gradient flow in a potential energy ( or Euclidean action ) landscape provides a natural set of paths connecting different saddle points .	We apply this method to General Relativity , where gradient flow is Ricci flow , and focus on the example of 4-dimensional Euclidean gravity with boundary S^1 x S^2 , representing the canonical ensemble for gravity in a box .	Adding a time direction , these also give static 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein solutions , whose potential energy equals the 4-dimensional action .	The small black hole has a Gross-Perry-Yaffe-type negative mode , and is therefore unstable under Ricci flow .
+2	We clarify some of the issues related to the Hagedorn temperature in the limits of small and large constant RR 5-form .	The thermodynamics of type IIB superstring theory in the maximally supersymmetric plane wave background is studied .	We compute the thermodynamic partition function for non-interacting strings exactly and the result differs slightly from previous computations .	We study the thermodynamic behavior of strings in the case of $ AdS_3 \times S^3 \times T^4 $ geometries in the presence of NS-NS and RR 3-form backgrounds .	We also comment on the relationship of string thermodynamics and the thermodynamic behavior of the sector of Yang-Mills theory which is the holographic dual of the string theory .
+3	The numerical estimation of these physical quantities was done for arbitrary direction of the $ \tau $ lepton polarization 3-vector in the rest frame .	The polarization effects in the one-meson radiative decay of the polarized $ \tau $ lepton , $ \tau^-\to\pi^-\gamma\nu_ { \tau } $ , are investigated .	The inner bremsstrahlung and structural amplitudes are taken into account .	The asymmetry of the differential decay width caused by the $ \tau $ lepton polarization and the Stokes parameters of the emitted photon itself , are calculated depending on the polarization of the decaying $ \tau $ lepton .	The vector and axial-vector form factors describing the structure-dependent part of the decay amplitude are determined using the chiral effective theory with resonances ( R $ \chi $ T ) .
+0	A method for computing electromagnetic properties of hadrons in lattice QCD is applied to the extraction of electromagnetic properties of the octet baryons .	This allows a determination of the full dependence of the baryon masses on the charges and masses of the valence quarks .	Results of a first numerical study ( at $ \beta=5.7 $ with Wilson action and light quark masses fixed from the pseudoscalar meson spectrum ) are reported .	The octet baryon isomultiplet splittings ( with statistical errors ) are found to be : $ { \rm N } - { \rm P } = 1.55 ( \pm 0.56 ) $ , $ \Sigma^0 - \Sigma^+ = 2.47 ( \pm 0.39 ) $ , $ \Sigma^- - \Sigma^0 = 4.63 ( \pm 0.36 ) $ and $ \Xi^- - \Xi^0 = 5.68 ( \pm 0.24 ) $ MeV .	Estimates of the systematic corrections arising from finite volume and the quenched approximation are included in these results .
+0	We study the effects of the sequence on the propagation of nonlinear excitations in simple models of DNA in which we incorporate actual DNA sequences obtained from human genome data .	We show that kink propagation requires forces over a certain threshold , a phenomenon already found for aperiodic sequences [ F. Dom\'\i nguez-Adame { \em et al . } , Phys.Rev .	E { \bf 52 } , 2183 ( 1995 ) ] .	For forces below threshold , the final stop positions are highly dependent on the specific sequence .	The results of our model are consistent with the stick-slip dynamics of the unzipping process observed in experiments .
+1	The solver , based on a mixed plane-wave / interpolating scaling function representation , can deal with any kind of periodicity ( along one , two , or three spatial axes ) as well as with fully isolated boundary conditions .	We present an explicit solver of the three-dimensional screened and unscreened Poisson 's equation which combines accuracy , computational efficiency and versatility .	It can seamlessly accommodate a finite screening length , non-orthorhombic lattices and charged systems .	This approach is particularly advantageous because convergence is attained by simply refining the real space grid , namely without any adjustable parameter .	At the same time , the numerical method features O ( N log N ) scaling of the computational cost ( N being the number of grid points ) very much like plane-wave methods .
+3	A transformation is found which reduces the linear stability problem under inviscid approximation to the Mathieu equation .	The stability of the interface separating two immiscible incompressible fluids of different densities and viscosities is considered in the case of fluids filling a cavity which performs horizontal harmonic oscillation .	There exists a simple basic state which corresponds to the unperturbed interface and plane-parallel unsteady counter flows ; the properties of this state are examined .	A linear stability problem for the interface is formulated and solved a ) for both inviscid and b ) for both viscous fluids .	The parametric resonant regions of instability associated with the intensification of capillary-gravity waves at the interface are examined and the results are compared to those found in the viscous case in a fully numerical investigation .
+3	Both of these contributions are proportional to the Euler class of the normal bundle of the string world-sheet , and consistency of the model requires that they cancel .	We consider the ( 2 , 0 ) supersymmetric theory of tensor multiplets and self-dual strings in six space-time dimensions .	Space-time diffeomorphisms that leave the string world-sheet invariant appear as gauge transformations on the normal bundle of the world-sheet .	The naive invariance of the model under such transformations is however explicitly broken by anomalies : The electromagnetic coupling of the string to the two-form gauge field of the tensor multiplet suffers from a classical anomaly , and there is also a one-loop quantum anomaly from the chiral fermions on the string world-sheet .	This imposes strong constraints on possible models , which are found to obey an ADE-classification .
+4	To investigate the nature of gauge symmetry breaking via BC 's we calculate the elastic scattering amplitudes for longitudinal gauge bosons .	We consider extra dimensional gauge theories on an interval .	We first review the derivation of the consistent boundary conditions ( BC 's ) from the action principle .	These BC 's include choices that give rise to breaking of the gauge symmetries .	The boundary conditions could be chosen to coincide with those commonly applied in orbifold theories , but there are many more possibilities .
+4	We also discuss a practical design of upgraded VELO detector for the LHCb experiment employing this approach .	The extreme radiation dose received by vertex detectors at the Large Hadron Collider dictates stringent requirements on their cooling systems .	To be robust against radiation damage , sensors should be maintained below -20 degree C and at the same time , the considerable heat load generated in the readout chips and the sensors must be removed .	Evaporative CO2 cooling using microchannels etched in a silicon plane in thermal contact with the readout chips is an attractive option .	In this paper , we present the first results of microchannel prototypes with circulating , two-phase CO2 and compare them to simulations .
+0	We reconsider the functional renormalization-group ( FRG ) approach to decaying Burgers turbulence , and extend it to decaying Navier-Stokes and Surface-Quasi-Geostrophic turbulence .	The method is based on a renormalized small-time expansion , equivalent to a loop expansion , and naturally produces a dissipative anomaly and a cascade after a finite time .	We explicitly calculate and analyze the one-loop FRG equations in the zero-viscosity limit as a function of the dimension .	For Burgers they reproduce the FRG equation obtained in the context of random manifolds , extending previous results of one of us .	Breakdown of energy conservation due to shocks and the appearance of a direct energy cascade corresponds to failure of dimensional reduction in the context of disordered systems .
+1	B { \bf 60 } , 259 ( 2007 ) ] and random Sierpinski network [ Eur.Phys.J .	In this paper , we propose an evolving Sierpinski gasket , based on which we establish a model of evolutionary Sierpinski networks ( ESNs ) that unifies deterministic Sierpinski network [ Eur.Phys.J .	B { \bf 65 } , 141 ( 2008 ) ] to the same framework .	We suggest an iterative algorithm generating the ESNs .	On the basis of the algorithm , some relevant properties of presented networks are calculated or predicted analytically .
+1	Depending on the aspect ratio and sharpness of the corrugated array , graphene can conformally coat the surface , partially collapse , or lay , fakir-like , fully suspended between pillars over tens of micrometers .	We investigate the organized formation of strain , ripples and suspended features in macroscopic CVD-prepared graphene sheets transferred onto a corrugated substrate made of an ordered arrays of silica pillars of variable geometries .	Upon increase of pillar density , ripples in collapsed films display a transition from random oriented pleats emerging from pillars to ripples linking nearest neighboring pillars organized in domains of given orientation .	Spatially-resolved Raman spectroscopy , atomic force microscopy and electronic microscopy reveal uniaxial strain domains in the transferred graphene , which are induced and controlled by the geometry .	We propose a simple theoretical model to explain the transition between suspended and collapsed graphene .
+0	A new realist interpretation of quantum mechanics is introduced .	Quantum systems are shown to have two kinds of properties : the usual ones described by values of quantum observables , which are called extrinsic , and those that can be attributed to individual quantum systems without violating standard quantum mechanics , which are called intrinsic .	The intrinsic properties are classified into structural and conditional .	A systematic and self-consistent account is given .	Much more statements become meaningful than any version of Copenhagen interpretation would allow .
+3	They showed spectral gap-independent bounds which are stronger than the power method by order-of-magnitude .	The power method and block Lanczos method are popular numerical algorithms for computing the truncated singular value decomposition ( SVD ) and eigenvalue decomposition problems .	Especially in the literature of randomized numerical linear algebra , the power method is widely applied to improve the quality of randomized sketching , and relative-error bounds have been well established .	Recently , Musco & amp ; Musco ( 2015 ) proposed a block Krylov subspace method that fully exploits the intermediate results of the power iteration to accelerate convergence .	This paper offers novel error analysis techniques and significantly improves the bounds of both the randomized power method and the block Lanczos method .
+3	We find two classes of position eigenvectors and obtain photon wave functions by projection onto the bases of position eigenkets that they define , following the usual rules of quantum mechanics .	We have recently constructed a photon position operator with commuting components .	This was long thought to be impossible , but our position eigenvectors have a vortex structure like twisted light .	Thus they are not spherically symmetric and the position operator does not transform as a vector , so that previous non-existence arguments do not apply .	The hermitian position operator , r0 , leads to a Landau-Peierls wave function , while field-like eigenvectors of the nonhermitian position operator and its adjoint lead to a biorthonormal basis .
+0	Polymer melts represent the flow-history-dependent behavior .	To clearly show this behavior , we have investigated flow behavior of an entangled polymer melt around two cylinders placed in tandem along the flow direction in a two dimensional periodic system .	In this system , the polymer states around a cylinder in downstream side are different from the ones around another cylinder in upstream side because the former ones have a memory of a strain experienced when passing around the cylinder in upstream side but the latter ones do not have the memory .	Therefore , the shear stress distributions around two cylinders are found to be different from each other .	Moreover , we have found that the averaged flow velocity decreases accordingly with increasing the distance between two cylinders while the applied external force is constant .
+4	We also obtain many new self-dual codes over $ \mathbb Z_9 $ of lengths $ 12 , 16 , 20 $ all with minimum Hamming weight 6 , which is the best possible minimum Hamming weight that free self-dual codes over $ \Z_9 $ of these lengths can attain .	We complete the building-up construction for self-dual codes by resolving the open cases over $ GF ( q ) $ with $ q \equiv 3 \pmod 4 $ , and over $ \Z_ { p^m } $ and Galois rings $ \GR ( p^m , r ) $ with an odd prime $ p $ satisfying $ p \equiv 3 \pmod 4 $ with $ r $ odd .	We also extend the building-up construction for self-dual codes to finite chain rings .	Our building-up construction produces many new interesting self-dual codes .	In particular , we construct 945 new extremal self-dual ternary $ [ 32,16,9 ] $ codes , each of which has a trivial automorphism group .
+1	In the Schwarzschild case , the real part of the asymptotic frequency is ln3 for the spin 0 and the spin 2 fields , while for the spin 1/2 , the spin 1 , and the spin 3/2 fields it is zero .	We consider the asymptotic quasinormal frequencies of various spin fields in Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstr\ '' om black holes .	For the non-extreme charged black holes , the spin 3/2 Rarita-Schwinger field has the same asymptotic frequency as that of the integral spin fields .	However , the asymptotic frequency of the Dirac field is different , and its real part is zero .	For the extremal case , which is relevant to the supersymmetric consideration , all the spin fields have the same asymptotic frequency , the real part of which is zero .
+2	The objective is to find an optimal stopping rule under partial observation that maximizes the total expected reward in infinite horizon .	We study an optimal process control problem with multiple assignable causes .	The process is initially in-control but is subject to random transition to one of multiple out-of-control states due to assignable causes .	The problem is formulated as a partially observable Markov decision process ( POMDP ) with the belief space consisting of state probability vectors .	New observations are obtained at fixed sampling interval to update the belief vector using Bayes ' theorem .
+2	The geochemical covariance of the U , Th and K abundances in various Earth reservoirs induces positive correlations among the associated geo-neutrino fluxes , and between these and the radiogenic heat .	Geo-neutrinos emitted by heat-producing elements ( U , Th and K ) represent a unique probe of the Earth interior .	The characterization of their fluxes is subject , however , to rather large and highly correlated uncertainties .	Mass-balance constraints in the Bulk Silicate Earth ( BSE ) tend instead to anti-correlate the radiogenic element abundances in complementary reservoirs .	Experimental geo-neutrino observables may be further ( anti ) correlated by instrumental effects .
+4	We find that the 95\ % upper limit is weakly dependent on cosmological parameters , e.g. $ n & lt ; 1.54 ( h=0.5 ) $ and $ n & lt ; 1.56 ( h=1.0 ) $ for $ \Omega_0=1 $ with marginally weaker constraints for $ \Omega_0 & lt ; 1 $ in a flat $ \Omega_0 +\Omega_\Lambda=1 $ universe .	% The content of this replacement paper is identical to the original .	% We have attempted to fix the postscript so that it will print out on % a larger number of printers .	Using recent experimental limits on $ \mu $ distortions from COBE FIRAS , and the large lever-arm spanning the damping of sub-Jeans scale fluctuations to the scale of the COBE DMR fluctuations , we set a constraint on the slope of the primordial power spectrum $ n $ .	It is possible to analytically calculate the contribution over the full range of scales and redshifts , correctly taking into account fluctuation growth and damping as well as thermalization processes .
+3	In addition to energy-momentum and angular momentum ( associated with translations and rotations ) there is the boost quantity : the COM .	Gravitating systems have no well-defined local energy-momentum density .	Various quasilocal proposals have been made , however the center-of-mass moment ( COM ) has generally been overlooked .	Asymptotically flat graviating systems have 10 total conserved quantities associated with the Poincar { \'e } symmetry at infinity .	A complete quasilocal formulation should include this quantity .
+1	Concerning the instantons we use geometric and field theoretic definitions of the topological charge .	We analyze topological objects in pure gluonic $ SU ( 2 ) $ lattice gauge theory and compute correlation functions between instantons and monopoles .	On a $ 12^3\times 4 $ lattice it turns out that topological quantities have a non-trivial local correlation .	The auto-correlation functions of the topological charge depend on cooling for both definitions .	We fit the correlation functions to exponentials and obtain screening masses .
+4	This opens the door to analogous results for other numerical-relativity formalisms , like BSSN , that can be derived from Z4 by a symmetry-breaking procedure .	A Lagrangian density is provided , that allows to recover the Z4 evolution system from an action principle .	The resulting system is then strongly hyperbolic when supplemented by gauge conditions like '1+log ' or 'freezing shift ' , suitable for numerical evolution .	The physical constraint $ Z_\mu = 0 $ can be imposed just on the initial data .	The corresponding canonical equations are also provided .
+2	The total flux density varied by 5.5 % in 32 days , which is comparable to the gamma-ray variability time scale , corresponding to the variability brightness temperature of $ 7.0 \times 10^ { 11 } $ K. The source consists of central and southeastern components on the parsec ( pc ) scale .	We made simultaneous single-dish and very long baseline interferometer ( VLBI ) observations of a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy ( NLS1 ) 1H 0323+342 , showing gamma-ray activity revealed by Fermi/LAT observations .	We found significant variation of the total flux density at 8 GHz on the time scale of one month by the single-dish monitoring .	The flux of only the central component decreased in the same way as the total flux density , indicating that the short-term radio variability , and probably the gamma-ray emitting region , is associated with this component .	From the VLBI observations we obtained the brightness temperatures of greater than $ ( 5.2 \pm 0.3 ) \times 10^ { 10 } $ K , and derived the equipartition Doppler factor of greater than 1.7 , the variability Doppler factor of 2.2 , and the 8 GHz radio power of $ 10^ { 24.6 } $ W Hz $ ^ { -1 } $ .
+0	The metal deficient ( Z = Z_sun/41 ) Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxy ( BCD ) SBS 0335-052 was observed with ISOCAM between 5 and 17 mic .	With a L_12mic/L_B ratio of 2.15 , the galaxy is unexpectedly bright in the mid-infrared for such a low-metallicity object .	The mid-infrared spectrum shows no sign of the Unidentified Infrared Bands , which we interpret as an effect of the destruction of their carriers by the very high UV energy density in SBS 0335-052 .	The spectral energy distribution ( SED ) is dominated by a very strong continuum which makes the ionic lines of [ SIV ] and [ NeIII ] very weak .	From 5 to 17 mic , the SED can be fitted with a grey-body spectrum , modified by an extinction law similar to that observed toward the Galactic Center , with an optical depth of A_V~19-21 mag .
+2	We used optical variability , among other more standard methods , as a means of identifying a large number of ROSAT All-Sky Survey sources .	The optical identification of large number of X-ray sources such as those from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey is challenging with conventional spectroscopic follow-up observations .	We investigate two ROSAT All-Sky Survey fields of size 10 * 10 degrees each , one at galactic latitude b = 83 deg ( Com ) , the other at b = -5 deg ( Sge ) , in order to optically identify the majority of sources .	All objects fainter than about 12 mag and brighter than about 17 mag , in or near the error circle of the ROSAT positions , were tested for optical variability on hundreds of archival plates of the Sonneberg field patrol .	The present paper contains probable optical identifications of altogether 256 of the 370 ROSAT sources analysed .
+0	we show there exists a mathematically consistent framework in which the Renormalization Program can be understood in a natural manner .	The framework does not require any violations of mathematical rigor usually associated with the Renormalization program .	We use the framework of the non-local field theories [ these carry a finite mass scale ( \Lambda ) ] and set up a finite perturbative program .	We show how this program leads to the perturbation series of the usual renormalization program [ except one difference ] if the series is restructured .We further show that the comparison becomes possible if there exists a finite mass scale ( \Lambda ) , with certain properties , in the Quantum Field theory [ which we take to be the scale present in the nonlocal theory ] .	We give a way to estimate the scale ( \Lambda ) .
+2	Use of its Abelian glide-mirror group allows us to reduce the primitive cell to one FeAs unit .	This paper explains the multi-orbital band structures and itinerant magnetism of the iron-pnictide and chalcogenides .	We first describe the generic band structure of an isolated FeAs layer .	From density-functional theory , we generate the set of eight Fe $ d $ and As $ p $ localized Wannier functions for LaOFeAs and their tight-binding ( TB ) Hamiltonian , $ h ( k ) $ .	We discuss the topology of the bands , i.e.allowed and avoided crossings , the origin of the d6 pseudogap , as well as the role of the As $ p $ orbitals and the elongation of the FeAs $ _ { 4 } $ tetrahedron .
+3	The preliminary result is in agreement with direct measurements and then show a clear indication of a bending below 1PeV .	ARGO-YBJ preliminary results of the measurements of the all-particle and light-component ( i.e.protons and helium ) cosmic ray energy spectra between approximately 5 TeV and 5 PeV are reported and discussed .	The resulting all-particle spectrum ( measured in the energy range 100TeV - 3PeV ) is in good agreement with both theoretical parametrizations and previous measurements .	The light-component ( i.e.p + He ) has been measured with high resolution up to about 5 PeV .	Improvements of event selection/reconstruction with the full statistics and a complete analysis of systematic uncertainties is currently under way .
+4	We find that , in the disordered case , the magnetic field enhances transport due to the presence of topologically protected chiral edge states which do not localize .	There is great interest in designing photonic devices capable of disorder-resistant transport and information processing .	In this work we propose to exploit 3D integrated photonic circuits in order to realize 2D discrete-time quantum walks in a background synthetic gauge field .	The gauge fields are generated by introducing the appropriate phase shifts between waveguides .	Polarization-independent phase shifts lead to an Abelian or magnetic field , a case we describe in detail .
+4	Since the correspondences shown here present an alternative route for obtaining exact solutions to Einstein 's equations , we reconstruct many known exact solutions via their EMP or NLS counterparts and show by numerical analysis the stability properties of many solutions .	We show that Einstein 's gravitational field equations for the Friedmann-Robertson-Lema\^itre-Walker ( FRLW ) and for two conformal versions of the Bianchi I and Bianchi V perfect fluid scalar field cosmological models , can be equivalently reformulated in terms of a single equation of either generalized Ermakov-Milne-Pinney ( EMP ) or ( non ) linear Schr\ '' odinger ( NLS ) type .	This work generalizes or presents an alternative to similar reformulations published by the authors who inspired this thesis : R. Hawkins , J. Lidsey , T. Christodoulakis , T. Grammenos , C. Helias , P. Kevrekidis , G. Papadopoulos and F. Williams .	In particular we cast much of these authors ' works into a single framework via straightforward derivations of the EMP and NLS equations from a simple linear combination of the relevant Einstein equations .	By rewriting the resulting expression in terms of the volume expansion factor and performing a change of variables , we obtain an uncoupled EMP or NLS equation that is independent of the imposition of additional conservation equations .
+3	As the platelet density increases , the attractive primary minimum of the depletion potential deepens and an additional small repulsive barrier at larger sphere separations develops .	The depletion potential between two hard spheres in a solvent of thin hard disclike platelets is investigated by using either the Derjaguin approximation or density functional theory .	Particular attention is paid to the density dependence of the depletion potential .	A second-order virial approximation is applied , which yields nearly exact results for the bulk properties of the hard-platelet fluid at densities two times smaller than the density of the isotropic fluid at isotropic-nematic phase coexistence .	Upon decreasing the ratio of the radius of the spheres and the platelets , the primary minimum diminishes and the position of the small repulsive barrier shifts to smaller values of the sphere separation .
+4	The network is further optimized by implementing Decision Forest .	Autoencoder neural network is implemented to estimate the missing data .	Genetic algorithm is implemented for network optimization and estimating the missing data .	Missing data is treated as Missing At Random mechanism by implementing maximum likelihood algorithm .	The network performance is determined by calculating the mean square error of the network prediction .
+2	For G Abelian , we prove that every projective crepant resolution of C^3/G is isomorphic to M_\theta for some parameter \theta .	For a finite subgroup G in SL ( 3 , C ) , Bridgeland , King and Reid proved that the moduli space of G-clusters is a crepant resolution of the quotient C^3/G .	This paper considers the moduli spaces M_\theta , introduced by Kronheimer and further studied by Sardo Infirri , which coincide with G-Hilb for a particular choice of the GIT parameter \theta .	The key step is the description of GIT chambers in terms of the K-theory of the moduli space via the appropriate Fourier -- Mukai transform .	We also uncover explicit equivalences between the derived categories of moduli M_\theta for parameters lying in adjacent GIT chambers .
+1	The trace functions of closed curves on M determine regular functions which generate complex Hamiltonian flows .	The SL ( 2 ) -character variety X of a closed surface M enjoys a natural complex-symplectic structure invariant under the mapping class group G of M. Using the ergodicity of G on the SU ( 2 ) -character variety , we deduce that every G-invariant meromorphic function on X is constant .	For simple closed curves , these complex Hamiltonian flows arise from holomorphic flows on the representation variety generalizing the Fenchel-Nielsen twist flows on Teichmueller space and the complex quakebend flows on quasi-Fuchsian space .	Closed curves in the complex trajectories of these flows lift to paths in the deformation space of complex-projective structures between different projective structures with the same holonomy ( grafting ) .	A pants decomposition determines a holomorphic completely integrable system on X .
+2	Furthermore , we demonstrate how to separately control the degree of spatial variation of each kernel basis function , the photometric scale factor , and the differential sky background .	We present a general framework for matching the point-spread function ( PSF ) , photometric scaling , and sky background between two images , a subject which is commonly referred to as difference image analysis ( DIA ) .	We introduce the new concept of a spatially varying photometric scale factor which will be important for DIA applied to wide-field imaging data in order to adapt to transparency and airmass variations across the field-of-view .	We discuss the common choices for kernel basis functions within our framework , and we introduce the mixed-resolution delta basis functions to address the problem of the size of the least-squares problem to be solved when using delta basis functions .	We validate and demonstrate our algorithm on simulated and real data .
+4	A matching is { \em strongly stable } if there is no blocking edge with respect to it .	An instance of a strongly stable matching problem ( SSMP ) is an undirected bipartite graph $ G= ( A \cup B , E ) $ , with an adjacency list of each vertex being a linearly ordered list of ties , which are subsets of vertices equally good for a given vertex .	Ties are disjoint and may contain one vertex .	A matching $ M $ is a set of vertex-disjoint edges .	An edge $ ( x , y ) \in E \setminus M $ is a { \em blocking edge } for $ M $ if $ x $ is either unmatched or strictly prefers $ y $ to its current partner in $ M $ , and $ y $ is either unmatched or strictly prefers $ x $ to its current partner in $ M $ or is indifferent between them .
+4	Moreover , their planets orbit at comparable distances and receive comparable irradiating fluxes from their host stars .	In this paper we present our results of a comprehensive spectroscopicanalysis of WASP-1 , the host star to the exoplanet WASP-1b .	We derive T_eff = 6110 +/- 45 K , log g = 4.28 +/- 0.15 , and [ M/H ] = 0.23 +/- 0.08 , and also a high abundance of lithium , log n ( Li ) = 2.91 +/- 0.05 .	These parameters suggests an age for the system of 1-3 Gyr and a stellar mass of 1.25-1.35 M_sun .	This means that WASP-1 has properties very similar to those of HD 149026 , the host star for the highest density planet yet detected .
+2	The characteristic features of the chromatic copper oxide annuli are studied by exploiting micro-Raman Spectroscopy , Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopies .	We report an experimental investigation on the irradiation of copper thin films with high repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses ( 1040 nm , 50 MHz ) , in ambient air and liquid water .	We observe a novel , striking phenomenon of chromatic copper oxides ( cupric oxide and cuprous oxide ) annuli generation .	In the case of irradiation in water , the seldom investigated effects of the immersion time , after irradiation with a fixed number of pulses , is analyzed , and an intriguing dependence of the color of the chromatic annuli on the immersion time is observed .	This remarkable behavior is explained by proposing an interpretation scenario addressing the various processes involved in the process .
+3	In particular , we show that a model Hamiltonian involving a few Fock states can describe the behavior of energy gap , mean particle numbers per site , and number fluctuations per site almost quantitatively .	We investigate the existence of quantum { \it quasi } phase transitions for an ensemble of ultracold bosons in a one-dimensional optical lattice , performing exact diagonalizations of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian .	When an external parabolic potential is added to the system { \it quasi } phase transitions are induced by the competition of on-site mean-field energy , hopping energy , and energy offset among lattice sites due to the external potential and lead to the coexistence of regions of particle localization and delocalization in the lattice .	We clarify the microscopic mechanisms responsible for these { \it quasi } phase transitions as a function of the depth of the external potential when the on-site mean-field energy is large compared to the hopping energy .	The role of symmetry on the gap as a function of the depth of the external trapping potential is elucidated .
+4	While some of these algebras have been studied before , our approach gives explicit structure constants with a combinatorial description .	We develop a more general view of Stembridge 's enriched $ P $ -partitions and use this theory to outline the structure of peak algebras for the symmetric group and the hyperoctahedral group .	Initially we focus on commutative peak algebras , spanned by sums of permutations with the same number of peaks , where we consider several variations on the definition of `` peak . ''	Whereas Stembridge 's enriched $ P $ -partitions are related to quasisymmetric functions ( the dual coalgebra of Solomon 's type A descent algebra ) , our generalized enriched $ P $ -partitions are related to type B quasisymmetric functions ( the dual coalgebra of Solomon 's type B descent algebra ) .	Using these functions , we move on to explore ( non-commutative ) peak algebras spanned by sums of permutations with the same set of peaks .
+2	The statistical significance for both the narrow and broad peaks exceeds 5 $ \sigma $ .	The energy spectrum for high energy $ \gamma $ -rays ( $ E_\gamma \geq 10 $ MeV ) from the process $ pp \to \gamma \gamma X $ emitted at $ 90^0 $ in the laboratory frame has been measured at an energy below the pion production threshold , namely , at 216 MeV .	The resulting photon energy spectrum extracted from $ \gamma - \gamma $ coincidence events consists of a narrow peak at a photon energy of about 24 MeV and a relatively broad peak in the energy range of ( 50 - 70 ) MeV .	This behavior of the photon energy spectrum is interpreted as a signature of the exotic dibaryon resonance $ d^\star_1 $ which is assumed to be formed in the radiative process $ pp \to \gamma d^\star_1 $ followed by its electromagnetic decay via the $ d^\star_1 \to pp \gamma $ mode .	The experimental spectrum is compared with those obtained by means of Monte Carlo simulations .
+0	We extend the approach of Ref .	[ Yu-xi Liu , L. F. Wei , and F. Nori , Europhys.Lett .	67 , 941 ( 2004 ) ] for preparing superposition states of a cavity field interacting with a superconducting charge qubit .	We study effects of the nonlinearity on the creation of such states .	We show that the main contribution of nonlinear effects is to shorten the time necessary to build the superposition .
+0	Suppose $ k $ centers are fit to $ m $ points by heuristically minimizing the $ k $ -means cost ; what is the corresponding fit over the source distribution ?	This question is resolved here for distributions with $ p\geq 4 $ bounded moments ; in particular , the difference between the sample cost and distribution cost decays with $ m $ and $ p $ as $ m^ { \min\ { -1/4 , -1/2+2/p\ } } $ .	The essential technical contribution is a mechanism to uniformly control deviations in the face of unbounded parameter sets , cost functions , and source distributions .	To further demonstrate this mechanism , a soft clustering variant of $ k $ -means cost is also considered , namely the log likelihood of a Gaussian mixture , subject to the constraint that all covariance matrices have bounded spectrum .	Lastly , a rate with refined constants is provided for $ k $ -means instances possessing some cluster structure .
+2	This sets are also convex subcomplexes of the natural polyhedral structure of the building .	In this paper we study convex subcomplexes of spherical buildings .	We pay special attention to fixed point sets of type-preserving isometries of spherical buildings .	We show , among other things , that if the fixed point set is top-dimensional then it is either a subbuilding or it has circumradius $ \leq \frac { \pi } { 2 } $ .	If the building is of type $ A_n $ or $ D_n $ , we also show that the same conclusion holds for an arbitrary ( top-dimensional in the $ D_n $ -case ) convex subcomplex .
+2	At low temperatures , we find quantum fluctuations favor this chiral phase , which is stable against small perturbations of second and third neighbor interactions .	Inspired by the recent discovery of a new instability towards a chiral phase of the classical Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice , we propose a specific chiral spin liquid that reconciles different , well-established results concerning both the classical and quantum models .	This proposal is analyzed in an extended mean-field Schwinger boson framework encompassing time reversal symmetry breaking phases which allows both a classical and a quantum phase description .	For spin-1/2 this phase may be , beyond mean-field , a chiral gapped spin liquid .	Such a phase is consistent with Density Matrix Renormalization Group results of Yan et al .
+3	It is then numerically shown that such characteristics originate from an intrinsic property of genuine random distribution of the digits in decimal expansions .	We investigate the topological structure of the decimal expansions of the three famous naturally occurring irrational numbers , $ \pi $ , $ e $ , and golden ratio , by explicitly calculating the diversity of the pair distributions of the ten digits ranging from 0 to 9 .	And we find that there is a universal two-phase behavior , which collapses into a single curve with a power law phenomenon .	We further reveal that the two-phase behavior is closely related to general aspects of phase transitions in physical systems .	Thus , mathematical irrational numbers are not so physically irrational as long as they have such an intrinsic property .
+4	The mass tracks on these J-maps correspond to the sheath region between the CME and its associated shock front as detected by in situ measurements at L1 .	We investigate a CME propagating towards Earth on 29 March 2011 .	This event is specifically chosen for its predominately northward directed magnetic field , so that the influence from the momentum flux onto Earth can be isolated .	We focus our study on understanding how a small Earth-directed segment propagates .	Mass images are created from the white-light cameras onboard STEREO which are also converted into mass height-time maps ( mass J-maps ) .
+3	DOEF accomplishes access pattern change by defining configurable styles of change .	In object-oriented or object-relational databases such as multimedia databases or most XML databases , access patterns are not static , i.e. , applications do not always access the same objects in the same order repeatedly .	However , this has been the way these databases and associated optimisation techniques such as clustering have been evaluated up to now .	This paper opens up research regarding this issue by proposing a dynamic object evaluation framework ( DOEF ) .	It is a preliminary prototype that has been designed to be open and fully extensible .
+0	Odd-frequency pairing mechanism of superconductivity has been investigated for several decades .	Nevertheless , its properties , including the thermodynamic stability , have remained unclear .	In particular , it has been argued that the odd-frequency state is thermodynamically unstable , has an unphysical ( anti- ) Meissner effect , and thus can not exist as a homogeneous equilibrium phase .	We argue that this conclusion is incorrect because it implicitly relies on the inappropriate assumption that the odd-frequency superconductor can be described by an effective Hamiltonian that breaks the particle conservation symmetry .	We demonstrate that the odd-frequency state can be properly described within the functional integral approach using non-local-in-time effective action .
+1	If some reliable prediction is done on mobile nodes next move , then resources can be allocated optimally as the mobile node moves around .	In an IEEE 802.11 Infrastructure network , as the mobile node is moving from one access point to another , the resource allocation and smooth hand off may be a problem .	This would increase the performance throughput of wireless network .	We plan to investigate on a hybrid mobility prediction scheme that uses location tracking and data mining to predict the future path of the mobile node .	We also propose a secure version of the same scheme .
+1	Observations of BDSs in supernova remnants are reviewed on an object-by-object basis .	A concise and critical review of Balmer-dominated shocks ( BDSs ) is presented , summarizing the state of theory and observations , including models with/without shock precursors and their synergy with atomic physics .	The relevance of BDSs towards understanding the acceleration of cosmic rays in shocks is emphasized .	Probable and possible detections of BDSs in astrophysical objects other than supernova remnants , including pulsar wind nebulae and high-redshift galaxies , are described .	The case for the continued future of studying BDSs in astrophysics is made , including their relevance towards understanding electron-ion temperature equilibration in collisionless shocks .
+0	A method to approximate transmission probabilities for a nonseparable multidimensional barrier is applied to a waveguide model .	The method uses complex barrier-crossing orbits to represent reaction probabilities in phase space and is uniform in the sense that it applies at and above a threshold energy at which classical reaction switches on .	Above this threshold the geometry of the classically reacting region of phase space is clearly reflected in the quantum representation .	Two versions of the approximation are applied .	A harmonic version which uses dynamics linearised around an instanton orbit is valid only near threshold but is easy to use .
+4	Pure state quantum statistical mechanics is applied to black holesto show that for typical states of matter insideand outside a black hole , the external state is likely to be thermal .	Chapter 3 of S. Lloyd 's 1988 Ph.D. thesis , `Black Holes , Demons , and the Loss of Coherence : How complex systems get information and what they do with it , ' supervisor Heinz Pagels .	Reformulates statistical mechanics in terms of pure states and shows that ( a ) quantum statistics of typical pure states are very close to the mechanics of statistical mechanical ensembles ; ( b ) if a system is in a typical state with energy E , then the reduced density matrix of a subsystem is very close to a thermal state .	( A similar result was derived using Levy 's lemma some years later by S. Popescu , A.J .	Short , A.Winter , Nature Physics 2 , 754-758 ( 2006 ) . )
+0	We study the linear syzygies of a homogeneous ideal I in a polynomial ring S , focusing on the graded betti numbers b_ ( i , i+1 ) = dim_k Tor_i ( S/I , k ) _ ( i+1 ) .	For a variety X and divisor D with S = Sym ( H^0 ( D ) * ) , what conditions on D ensure that b_ ( i , i+1 ) is nonzero ?	Eisenbud has shown that a decomposition D = A + B such that A and B have at least two sections gives rise to determinantal equations ( and corresponding syzygies ) in I_X ; and conjectured that if I_2 is generated by quadrics of rank at most 4 , then the last nonvanishing b_ ( i , i+1 ) is a consequence of such equations .	We describe obstructions to this conjecture and prove a variant .	The obstructions arise from toric specializations of the Rees algebra of Koszul cycles , and we give an explicit construction of toric varieties with minimal linear syzygies of arbitrarily high rank .
+3	Concomitant with the structural phase transition , the Fe moments order along the \emph { a } direction with an ordered moment of 0.7 ( 1 ) \ , $ \mu_ { \textup { B } } $ at \emph { T } \ , =\,5 K. The low temperature stripe antiferromagnetic structure is the same as that in other \emph { A } Fe $ _ { 2 } $ As $ _ { 2 } $ ( \emph { A } \ , =\ , Ca , Sr , Ba ) compounds .	La $ _ { 0.4 } $ Na $ _ { 0.6 } $ Fe $ _2 $ As $ _2 $ single crystals have been grown out of an NaAs flux in an alumina crucible and characterized by measuring magnetic susceptibility , electrical resistivity , specific heat , as well as single crystal x-ray and neutron diffraction .	La $ _ { 0.4 } $ Na $ _ { 0.6 } $ Fe $ _2 $ As $ _2 $ single crystals show a structural phase transition from a high temperature tetragonal phase to a low-temperature orthorhombic phase at T $ _s $ \ , =\,125\ , K .	This structural transition is accompanied by an anomaly in the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity , anisotropic magnetic susceptibility , and specific heat .	La $ _ { 0.5-x } $ Na $ _ { 0.5+x } $ Fe $ _2 $ As $ _2 $ provides a new material platform for the study of iron-based superconductors where the electron-hole asymmetry could be studied by simply varying La/Na ratio .
+0	Compression techniques that support fast random access are a core component of any information system .	Current state-of-the-art methods group documents into fixed-sized blocks and compress each block with a general-purpose adaptive algorithm such as GZIP .	Random access to a specific document then requires decompression of a block .	The choice of block size is critical : it trades between compression effectiveness and document retrieval times .	In this paper we present a scalable compression method for large document collections that allows fast random access .
+3	The planned galaxy surveys at z & gt ; 2 should yield constraints on non-Gaussian parameters , f_ { NL } ^ { loc . }	The greatest challenge in the interpretation of galaxy clustering data from any surveys is galaxy bias .	Using a simple Fisher matrix analysis , we show that the bispectrum provides an excellent determination of linear and non-linear bias parameters of intermediate and high-z galaxies , when all measurable triangle configurations down to mildly non-linear scales , where perturbation theory is still valid , are included .	The bispectrum is also a powerful probe of primordial non-Gaussianity .	and f_ { NL } ^ { eq .
+4	The high spectral resolution data are analysed using radiative transfer models to infer column densities and abundances , and are tested directly against full gas-grain chemical models .	According to traditional gas-phase chemical models , O2 should be abundant in molecular clouds , but until recently , attempts to detect interstellar O2 line emission with ground- and space-based observatories have failed .	Following the multi-line detections of O2 with low abundances in the Orion and rho Oph A molecular clouds with Herschel , it is important to investigate other environments , and we here quantify the O2 abundance near a solar-mass protostar .	Observations of O2 , at 487 GHz toward a deeply embedded low-mass Class 0 protostar , NGC 1333-IRAS 4A , are presented , using the HIFI instrument on the Herschel Space Observatory .	Complementary data of the chemically related NO and CO molecules are obtained as well .
+3	There is little selective advantage for one hypercycle to maintain coexistence with others .	We study evolutionary processes induced by spatio-temporal dynamics in prebiotic evolution .	Using numerical simulations we demonstrate that hypercycles emerge from complex interaction structures in multispecies systems .	In this work we also find that `hypercycle hybrid ' protects the hypercycle from its environment during the growth process .	This brings the possibility of the outcompetition between hypercycles resulting in the negative effect on information diversity .
+2	The method was originally developed for the Calar Alto Deep Imaging Survey ( CADIS ) , but is now used in a variety of survey projects .	We present a photometric method for identifying stars , galaxies and quasars in multi-color surveys and estimating multi-color redshifts for the extragalactic objects .	We use a library of & gt ; 65000 color templates for comparison with observed objects .	We checked its performance by spectroscopy of CADIS objects , where it provides high reliability ( 6 mistakes among 151 objects with R & lt ; 24 ) , especially for the quasar selection , and redshifts accurate within sigma_z = 0.03 for galaxies and sigma_z = 0.1 for quasars .	For an optimization of future surveys , a few model surveys are compared , which use the same amount of telescope time but different filter sets .
+0	The hydrodynamic description of a superfluid is usually based on a two-fluid picture .	In this thesis , basic properties of such a relativistic two-fluid system are derived from the underlying microscopic physics of a complex scalar quantum field theory .	To obtain analytic results of all non-dissipative hydrodynamic quantities in terms of field theoretic variables , calculations are first carried out in a low-temperature and weak-coupling approximation .	In a second step , the 2-particle-irreducible formalism is applied : This formalism allows for a numerical evaluation of the hydrodynamic parameters for all temperatures below the critical temperature .	In addition , a system of two coupled superfluids is studied .
+0	This paper provides the best bounds to date on the number of randomly sampled entries required to reconstruct an unknown low rank matrix .	These results improve on prior work by Candes and Recht , Candes and Tao , and Keshavan , Montanari , and Oh .	The reconstruction is accomplished by minimizing the nuclear norm , or sum of the singular values , of the hidden matrix subject to agreement with the provided entries .	If the underlying matrix satisfies a certain incoherence condition , then the number of entries required is equal to a quadratic logarithmic factor times the number of parameters in the singular value decomposition .	The proof of this assertion is short , self contained , and uses very elementary analysis .
+0	Infrared-faint radio sources ( IFRS ) form a new class of galaxies characterised by radio flux densities between tenths and tens of mJy and faint or absent infrared counterparts .	It has been suggested that these objects are radio-loud active galactic nuclei ( AGNs ) at significant redshifts ( z & gt ; ~ 2 ) .	Whereas the high redshifts of IFRS have been recently confirmed based on spectroscopic data , the evidence for the presence of AGNs in IFRS is mainly indirect .	So far , only two AGNs have been unquestionably confirmed in IFRS based on very long baseline interferometry ( VLBI ) observations .	In this work , we test the hypothesis that IFRS contain AGNs in a large sample of sources using VLBI .
+3	We follow with a description of the inhomogeneity of the counterion distribution around finite chains , and continue then with infinitely long , rodlike systems .	In this brief contribution to the Proceedings of the NATO-ASI on `` Electrostatic Effects in Soft Matter and Biophysics '' , which took place in Les Houches from Oct. 1-13 , 2000 , we summarize in short aspects of the simulations methods to study charged systems .	After describing some basics of Monte Carlo and Molecular dynamics techniques , we describe a few methods to compute long range interactions in periodic systems .	After a brief detour to mean-field models , we describe our results obtained for flexible polyelectrolytes in good and bad solvents .	The last part is devoted to the phenomenon of overcharging for colloidal particles and its explanation in terms of simple electrostatic arguments .
+0	In this paper we present a feasibility study for measuring the combination of the Unitarity Triangle angle 2 $ \beta +\gamma $ with a time dependent Dalitz analysis in $ B^0 $ decays using $ D^- K^0 \pi^+ $ final states following the method proposed in [ 1 ] .	For this study we build a model for this decay using the latest experimental information and we investigate the possibility of fitting together with 2 $ \beta +\gamma $ all the relevant strong amplitudes and phases of the decay model .	[ 1 ] R. Aleksan , T.C .	Petersen and A. Soffer , Phys.Rev .	D67 ( 2003 ) 096002 [ hep-ph/0209194 ] .
+1	To minimize flavor violation , the fermion mass generation is still due to one light doublet scalar .	We study a scenario of electroweak symmetry breaking where the weak gauge boson masses arises significantly from a fermiophobic source .	One of the realizations is the Bosonic Technicolor model .	In these scenarios , the Yukawa couplings between the light scalar and the standard model fermions are in general enhanced while the couplings between the light scalar and weak gauge bosons are reduced .	Even though the flavor violation induced by the neutral scalar at the tree level can be avoided , the charged scalar state inevitably mediate flavor changing neutral current processes .
+2	Generically , $ W $ belongs to the class of ovals .	The joint numerical range of three hermitian matrices of order three is a convex and compact subset $ W \subset \mathbb { R } ^3 $ which is an image of the unit sphere $ S^5 \subset \mathbb { C } ^3 $ under the hermitian form defined by the three matrices .	We label classes of the analyzed set $ W $ by pairs of numbers counting the exposed faces of dimension one and two .	Assuming $ \dim ( W ) =3 $ , the faces of dimension two are ellipses and only ten classes exist .	We identify an object in each class and use random matrices and dual varieties for illustrations .
+2	Actual calculations have been done up to two-loop approximation in the frame of field-theoretic renormalization group approach .	We have investigated the advection of a passive scalar quantity by incompressible helical turbulent flow in the frame of extended Kraichnan model .	Turbulent fluctuations of velocity field are assumed to have the Gaussian statistics with zero mean and defined noise with finite time-correlation .	It turned out that space parity violation ( helicity ) of turbulent environment does not affect anomalous scaling which is peculiar attribute of corresponding model without helicity .	However , stability of asymptotic regimes , where anomalous scaling takes place , strongly depends on the amount of helicity .
+3	Requiring the top quark mass , the amplitude and spectral index of density perturbations to be compatible with observations , selects a narrow range of values for the Higgs mass , $ m_H=126.0\pm 3.5 $ GeV , where the error is mostly due to the theoretical uncertainty of the 2-loop RGE .	If the Standard Model is valid up to very high energies it is known that the Higgs potential can develop a local minimum at field values around $ 10^ { 15 } -10^ { 17 } $ GeV , for a narrow band of values of the top quark and Higgs masses .	We show that in a scalar-tensor theory of gravity such Higgs false vacuum can give rise to viable inflation if the potential barrier is very shallow , allowing for tunneling and relaxation into the electroweak scale true vacuum .	The amplitude of cosmological density perturbations from inflation is directly linked to the value of the Higgs potential at the false minimum .	This prediction could be soon tested at the Large Hadron Collider .
+1	We develop a new mapping technique that models the NIR color-magnitude diagram ( CMD ) of red giant branch ( RGB ) stars .	We map the distribution of dust in M31 at 25pc resolution , using stellar photometry from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury .	The model CMDs combine an unreddened foreground of RGB stars with a reddened background population viewed through a log-normal column density distribution of dust .	Fits to the model constrain the median extinction , the width of the extinction distribution , and the fraction of reddened stars .	The resulting extinction map has & gt ; 4 times better resolution than maps of dust emission , while providing a more direct measurement of the dust column .
+1	Recently the sample of MBHs in CGs with dynamically measured masses has increased , and it has been suggested that these MBH masses ( M_BH ) deviate from the expected correlations with velocity dispersion ( sigma ) and mass of the bulge ( M_bulge ) of the host galaxy : MBHs in CGs appear to be `over-massive ' .	We explore how the co-evolution of massive black holes ( MBHs ) and galaxies is affected by environmental effects , addressing in particular MBHs hosted in the central galaxies of clusters ( we will refer to these galaxies in general as 'CGs ' ) .	This discrepancy is more pronounced when considering the M_BH-sigma relation than the M_BH-M_bulge one .	We show that this behavior stems from a combination of two natural factors , ( i ) that CGs experience more mergers involving spheroidal galaxies and their MBHs , and ( ii ) that such mergers are preferentially gas-poor .	We use a combination of analytical and semi-analytical models to investigate the MBH-galaxy co-evolution in different environments and find that the combination of these two factors explains the trends observed in current data-sets .
+3	We derive information about the polarization spectrum by comparing our 350 micron result with an 850 micron polarization detection previously published for this source .	We present the first 350 micron polarization measurement for the disk of the T Tauri star ( TTS ) DG Tau .	The data were obtained using the SHARP polarimeter at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory .	We did not detect polarization but we provide constraints on the normalized Stokes parameters q and u .	This empirical information concerning the polarization spectrum disagrees with the predictions of a recent model for TTS disk polarization .
+1	The methodology is comprehensively reviewed and applied to the technologically relevant case of iron-related defects in silicon , and to other group-IV hosts to a lesser degree .	We employ a combination of pseudopotential and all-electron density functional calculations , to relate the structure of defects in supercells to the isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings observed in M\ '' ossbauer spectroscopy experiments .	Investigated defects include interstitial and substitutional iron , iron-boron pairs , iron-vacancy and iron-divacancy .	We find that in general , agreement between the calculations and M\ '' ossbauer data is within a 10 % error bar .	Nonetheless , we show that the methodology can be used to make accurate assignments , including to separate peaks of similar defects in slightly different environments .
+3	Then the quest for the right interpretation can continue self-consciously , for we then know exactly what we are after .	The quest for finding the right interpretation of Quantum Mechanics ( QM ) is as old als QM and still has not ended , and may never end .	The question what an interpretation of QM is has hardly ever been raised explicitly , let alone answered .	We raise it and answer it .	We present a list of minimal requirements that something has to meet in order to qualify as an interpretation of QM .
+0	The information of the Austrian airline flights was collected and quantitatively analyzed by the concepts of complex network .	It displays some features of small-world networks , namely large clustering coefficient and small average shortest-path length .	The degree distributions of the networks reveal power law behavior with exponent value of 2 $ \sim $ 3 for the small degree branch but a flat tail for the large degree branch .	Similarly , the flight weight distributions show power-law behavior for the small weight branch .	Furthermore , we found that the clustering coefficient $ C $ , 0.206 , of this flight network is greatly larger than that of a random network , 0.01 , which has the same numbers of the airports ( $ N $ ) and mean degree ( $ & lt ; k & gt ; $ ) , and the diameter $ D $ , 2.383 , of the flight network is significantly smaller than the value of the same random network , 18.67 .
+4	The following questions are addressed : What do we learn about the progenitor evolution and its metallicity ?	The influence of the initial composition of the exploding white dwarf on the nucleosynthesis , light curves and spectra of Type Ia supernovae has been studied in order to evaluate the size of evolutionary effects on cosmological time scales , how the effects can be recognized and how one may be able to correct for them .	The calculations are based on a set of delayed detonation models which give a good account of the optical and infrared light curves and of the spectral evolution .	The explosions and light curves are calculated using a one- dimensional Lagrangian radiation-hydro code including a nuclear network .	NLTE- spectra are computed for various epochs using the structure resulting from the light curve code .
+0	We consider a fully polarized ultracold Fermi gas interacting through a p-wave Feshbach resonance .	Using a two-channel model , we find the effective potential at the point where the p-wave scattering length goes to zero .	Here the effective interaction provides attraction and one can therefore ask about the stability of the system .	We calculate the energy density of the system in the Thomas-Fermi approximation , determine the profile of the gas , and the critical number of particle in the system as function of the relevant interaction parameters .	The instability can be deduced from a simple breathing mode argument which explains the scaling found numerically .
+2	The X-ray and very-high-energy ( VHE , E & gt ; 100 GeV ) gamma-ray fluxes display a maximum/minimum at inferior/superior conjunction , with spectra becoming respectively harder/softer , a behaviour that is completely reversed in the high-energy domain ( HE , 0.1 & lt ; E & lt ; 100 GeV ) .	LS 5039 is a gamma-ray binary system observed in a broad energy range , from radio to TeV energies .	The binary system exhibits both flux and spectral modulation as a function of its orbital period .	The HE spectrum cuts off at a few GeV , with a new hard component emerging at E & gt ; 10 GeV that is compatible with the low-energy tail of the TeV emission .	The low 10 - 100 GeV flux , however , makes the HE and VHE components difficult to reconcile with a scenario including emission from only a single particle population .
+4	The first class in $ SL ( 2 , \rr ) $ is parameterized by the Liouville fields with vanishing chiral energy functional .	The closed string dynamics in $ \rr^ { 1,2 } $ and $ SL ( 2 , \rr ) $ is studied within the scheme of Pohlmeyer reduction .	In both spaces two different classes of string surfaces are specified by the structure of the fundamental quadratic forms .	The first class in $ \rr^ { 1,2 } $ is associated with the standard lightcone gauge strings and the second class describes spiky strings and their conformal deformations on the Virasoro coadjoint orbits .	These orbits correspond to singular Liouville fields with the monodromy matrixes $ \pm I $ .
+1	The most general Lagrangian for the wave function and G is considered .	Described is n-level quantum system realized in the n-dimensional ''Hilbert '' space H with the scalar product G taken as a dynamical variable .	Equations of motion and conservation laws are obtained .	Special cases for the free evolution of the wave function with fixed G and the pure dynamics of G are calculated .	The usual , first- and second-order modified Schr\ '' odinger equations are obtained .
+2	The electron is confined in the inter-chain pocket created by a local , 120 $ ^\circ $ rotation of the chain between the two defects , while the hole resides on the chain and is much less bound .	We studied theoretically the behavior of an injected electron-hole pair in crystalline polyethylene .	Time-dependent adiabatic evolution by ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations show that the pair will become self-trapped in the perfect crystal , with a trapping energy of about 0.38 eV , with formation of a pair of trans-gauche conformational defects , three C $ _2 $ H $ _4 $ units apart on the same chain .	Despite the large energy stored in the trapped excitation , there does not appear to be a direct non-radiative channel for electron-hole recombination .	This suggests that intrinsic self-trapping of electron-hole pairs inside the ideal quasi-crystalline fraction of PE might not be directly relevant for electrical damage in high-voltage cables .
+4	Numerically calculated phase shifts of np- scattering for potentials Reid93 and Argonne v18 are in good agreement with the results obtained with the other methods of original works .	A known phase-functions method has been considered for calculation of a single-channel nucleon-nucleon scattering .	The phase shifts of np- scattering turn out for modern realistic phenomenological nucleon-nucleon potentials Reid93 but Argonne v18 .	Influence of choice of numeral method is explored on the decision of phase equation .	For the decision of phase equation as differential equation of 1th order numeral methods are used : Euler method and Runge-Kutta methods 2- , 3- , 4- and 5th orders of exactness .
+2	In this article we propose using a mixture of optimal and non-optimal methods to create a search hierarchy to ease the computational burden .	The spin modulated gravitational wave signals , which we shall call smirches , emitted by stellar mass black holes tumbling and inspiralling into massive black holes have extremely complicated shapes .	Tracking these signals with the aid of pattern matching techniques , such as Wiener filtering , is likely to be computationally an impossible exercise .	Furthermore , by employing the method of principal components ( also known as singular value decomposition ) we explicitly demonstrate that the effective dimensionality of the search parameter space of smirches is likely to be just three or four , much smaller than what has hitherto been thought to be about nine or ten .	This result , based on a limited study of the parameter space , should be confirmed by a more exhaustive study over the parameter space as well as Monte-Carlo simulations to test the predictions made in this paper .
+3	The data of radio monitoring of the pair of resolved ejecta enable determination of parameters of the bulk motion of counter ejecta and the degree of asymmetry between them , and contain important information on the prime energy source for the accelerated electrons .	We study the temporal and spectral evolution of the radio flares detected from the relativistic ejecta in the microquasar GRS 1915+105 , and develop a model which suggests that these flares are due to synchrotron radiation of relativistic electrons suffering adiabatic and radiative energy losses in fastly expanding plasmoids ( radio clouds ) .	Analytical solutions to the kinetic equation for the electrons in expanding magnetized clouds are found .	Detailed comparison of the calculated radio fluxes with the ones detected from the prominent flare of GRS 1915+105 during March/April 1994 provides conclusive information on the basic parameters in the ejecta , such as the absolute values and temporal evolution of the magnetic field , speed of expansion , the rate of continuous injection of radio electrons into and their energy-dependent escape from the clouds , etc .	Assuming that the electrons might be accelerated up to very high energies , we calculate the fluxes of synchrotron radiation up to hard X-rays/soft gamma-rays , and of the inverse Compton GeV/TeV gamma-rays expected during radio flares , and discuss the implications which could follow from either positive detection or flux upper limits of these energetic photons .
+4	The results are in agreement with the theory of edge states for massless Dirac fermions .	The dependence of the electric resistance R of nanoperforated graphene samples on the position of the Fermi level , which is varied by the gate voltage Vg , has been studied .	Nanoperforation has been performed by irradiating graphene samples on a Si/SiO $ _2 $ substrate by heavy ( xenon ) or light ( helium ) ions .	A series of regular peaks have been revealed on the R ( Vg ) dependence at low temperatures in zero magnetic field .	These peaks are attributed to the passage of the Fermi level through an equidistant ladder of levels formed by orbitally quantized states of edge Dirac fermions rotating around each nanohole .
+0	The variation of the size of two-body objects is investigated , as the separation energy approaches zero , with both long range potentials and short range potentials having a repulsive core .	It is shown that long range potentials can also give rise to very extended systems .	The asymptotic laws derived for states with angular momentum l=1,2 differ from the ones obtained with short range potentials .	The sensitivity of the asymptotic laws on the shape and length of short range potentials defined by two and three parameters is studied .	These ideas as well as the transition from the short to the long range regime for the l=0 case are illustrated using the Kratzer potential .
+1	Operators with matrix element distributions similar to those of random matrices generate states of high multi-partite entanglement .	We explore connections between an operator 's matrix element distribution and its entanglement generation .	This occurs even when other statistical properties of the operators do not conincide with random matrices .	Similarly , operators with some statistical properties of random matrices may not exhibit random matrix element distributions and will not produce states with high levels of multi-partite entanglement .	Finally , we show that operators with similar matrix element distributions generate similar amounts of entanglement .
+4	The comparison with the data are in good agreement with both local and high- $ z $ measurement and provides an additional evid ence of the validity of the CSFR up to $ z = 1 $ , but suggests higer values at $ z & gt ; 1 $ co nsistent with the presence of extinction effects .	We show how Type Ia/II supernova rates at various redshifts can be used to follow the cosmic star formation rate ( CSFR ) history .	Using the recent e stimate of the Cosmic Star Formation ( CSFR ) , we compute the predicted cosmic Type Ia/II supernovae rates .	We show that while SNII rates provide a direct measurement of the instantaneous CSFR , the SNIa rate depends on the past history of the CSFR .	This provides us with a new and independent diagnostic of the star formation rate .
+3	Next , we use a renormalization group approach to study the scattering matrix of the system at energies far from the SC gap .	We study the effects of Majorana modes and interactions between electrons on transport in a one-dimensional system with a junction of three p-wave superconductors ( SCs ) which are connected to normal metal leads .	For sufficiently long SCs , there are zero energy Majorana modes at the junctions between the SCs and the leads , and , depending on the signs of the p-wave pairings in the three SCs , there can also be one or three Majorana modes at the junction of the three SCs .	We show that the various sub-gap conductances have peaks occurring at the energies of all these modes ; we therefore get a rich pattern of conductance peaks .	The fixed points of the renormalization group flows and their stabilities are studied ; we find that the scattering matrix at the stable fixed point is highly symmetric even when the microscopic scattering matrix and the interaction strengths are not symmetric .
+0	We have simulated a Galactic population of young pulsars and compared with the Fermi LAT sample , constraining the birth properties , beaming and evolution of these spin-powered objects .	Using quantitative tests of agreement with the distributions of observed spin and pulse properties , we find that short birth periods P_0 ~ 50ms and gamma-ray beams arising in the outer magnetosphere , dominated by a single pole , are strongly preferred .	The modeled relative numbers of radio-detected and radio-quiet objects agree well with the data .	Although the sample is local , extrapolation to the full Galaxy implies a gamma-ray pulsar birthrate 1/ ( 59 yr ) .	This is shown to be in good agreement with the estimated Galactic core collapse rate and with the local density of OB star progenitors .
+3	We select only sources with Eddington scaled mass accretion rate $ & lt ; 0.01 $ ( i.e.radiatively inefficient flows ) , and include cooling , orientation effects , and the effects of absorption from pair production on the extragalactic IR background .	The dramatic relativistic jets pointing directly at us in BL Lac objects can be well modelled by bulk motion beaming of synchrotron self-Compton emission powered by a low Eddington fraction accretion flow .	Nearly 500 of these AGN are seen in the 2nd Fermi Large Area Telescope catalogue of AGN .	We combine the jet models which describe individual spectra with the expected jet parameter scalings with mass and mass accretion rate to predict the expected number of Fermi detected sources given the number densities of AGN from cosmological simulations .	These models overpredict the number of Fermi detected BL Lacs by a factor of 1000 !
+0	We show that the Landau levels in epitaxial graphene in presence of localized defects are significantly modified compared to those of an ideal system .	We report on magneto-spectroscopy experiments performed on high quality samples .	Besides typical interband magneto-optical transitions , we clearly observe additional transitions that involve perturbed states associated to short-range impurities such as vacancies .	Their intensity is found to decrease with an annealing process and a partial self-healing over time is observed .	Calculations of the perturbed Landau levels by using a delta-like potential show electronic states both between and at the same energies of the Laudau levels of ideal graphene .
+4	If these associations are correct , we estimate that less than 20 % of all remaining unassociated 1FGL sources at high Galactic latitude ( |b| & gt ; 15 degrees ) might host `exotic ' counterparts distinct from known classes of gamma-ray emitters .	Revealing the nature of unassociated high-energy ( & gt ; 100 MeV ) gamma-ray sources remains a challenge 35 years after their discovery .	Of the 934 gamma-ray sources at high Galactic latitude ( |b| & gt ; 15 degrees ) in the First Fermi-LAT catalogue ( 1FGL ) , 316 have no obvious associations at other wavelengths .	In this paper , we apply the K-means unsupervised classification algorithm to isolate potential counterparts for 18 unassociated Fermi sources contained within a 3000 square degree `overlap region ' of the sky intensively covered in radio and optical wavelengths .	Combining our results with previous works , we reach potential associations for 119 out of the 128 Fermi sources within said region .
+2	Ordinary Lyapunov exponents X do not provide a useful diagnostic for distinguishing between regular and chaotic behaviour .	This paper continues a numerical investigation of orbits evolved in `frozen , ' time-independent N-body realisations of smooth time-independent density distributions corresponding to both integrable and nonintegrable potentials , allowing for N as large as 300,000 .	The principal focus is on distinguishing between , and quantifying , the effects of graininess on initial conditions corresponding , in the continuum limit , to regular and chaotic orbits .	Frozen-N orbits corresponding in the continuum limit to both regular and chaotic characteristics have large positive X even though , for large N , the `regular ' frozen-N orbits closely resemble regular characteristics in the smooth potential .	Viewed macroscopically both `regular ' and `chaotic ' frozen-N orbits diverge as a power law in time from smooth orbits with the same initial condition .
+3	We apply the model to DM Tau and GM Aur , two classical T-Tauri stars with relatively well-characterized disks , retrieving the evolution of their surface density with time .	We present a one-dimensional model of the formation and viscous evolution of protoplanetary disks .	The formation of the early disk is modeled as the result of the gravitational collapse of an isothermal molecular cloud .	The disk 's viscous evolution is integrated according to two parameterizations of turbulence : The classical $ \alpha $ representation and a $ \beta $ parameterization , representative of non-linear turbulence driven by the keplerian shear .	We perform a systematic Monte-Carlo exploration of the parameter space ( i.e.values of the $ \alpha $ - $ \beta $ parameters , and of the temperature and rotation rate in the molecular cloud ) to find the values that are compatible with the observed disk surface density distribution , star and disk mass , age and present accretion rate .
+4	We derive these structural properties by invoking stochastic optimal control theory and variational equalities of directed information , to identify tight upper bounds on $ I ( A^n \rightarrow B^n ) $ , which are achievable over subsets of conditional independence distributions $ { \cal P } _ { [ 0 , n ] } ^ { CI } \subseteq { \cal P } _ { [ 0 , n ] } $ and specified by the dependence of channel distributions and transmission cost functions on inputs and output symbols .	For any class of channel conditional distributions , with finite memory dependence on channel input RVs $ A^n { \stackrel { \triangle } { = } } \ { A_i : i=0 , \ldots , n\ } $ or channel output RVs $ B^n { \stackrel { \triangle } { = } } \ { B_i : i=0 , \ldots , n\ } $ or both , we characterize the subsets of channel input distributions $ { \cal P } _ { [ 0 , n ] } ^ { CI } \subseteq { \cal P } _ { [ 0 , n ] } { \stackrel { \triangle } { = } } \big\ { { \bf P } _ { A_i|A^ { i-1 } , B^ { i-1 } } : i=1 , \ldots , n\big\ } $ , which satisfy conditional independence on past information , and maximize directed information , defined by $ I ( A^n \rightarrow B^n ) $ .	We derive the corresponding expressions , called `` characterizations of Finite Transmission Feedback Information ( FTFI ) capacity '' .	We derive similar characterizations , when general transmission cost constraints are imposed .	Moreover , we also show that the structural properties apply to general nonlinear and linear autoregressive channel models defined by discrete-time recursions on general alphabet spaces , and driven by arbitrary distributed noise processes .
+0	This paper delineates the first steps in a systematic quantitative study of the spacetime fluctuations induced by quantum fields in an evaporating black hole .	We explain how the stochastic gravity formalism can be a useful tool for that purpose within a low-energy effective field theory approach to quantum gravity .	As an explicit example we apply it to the study of the spherically-symmetric sector of metric perturbations around an evaporating black hole background geometry .	For macroscopic black holes we find that those fluctuations grow and eventually become important when considering sufficiently long periods of time ( of the order of the evaporation time ) , but well before the Planckian regime is reached .	In addition , the assumption of a simple correlation between the fluctuations of the energy flux crossing the horizon and far from it , which was made in earlier work on spherically-symmetric induced fluctuations , is carefully analyzed and found to be invalid .
+0	Over the years , data mining has attracted most of the attention from the research community .	The researchers attempt to develop faster , more scalable algorithms to navigate over the ever increasing volumes of spatial gene expression data in search of meaningful patterns .	Association rules are a data mining technique that tries to identify intrinsic patterns in spatial gene expression data .	It has been widely used in different applications , a lot of algorithms introduced to discover these rules .	However Priori like algorithms has been used to find positive association rules .
+3	Although the splitting of the low energy doublet at the Brillouin zone center ( $ \Gamma $ -point ) can be due to either the spin-orbit coupling or the nematic order , or both , the degeneracy of each of the doublet states at the zone corner ( $ M $ -point ) is protected by the space group symmetry even when spin-orbit coupling is taken into account .	The low-energy electronic states of the iron-based superconductors are strongly affected by both spin-orbit coupling and , when present , by the nematic order .	These two effects have different physical origins , yet they can lead to similar gap features in the electronic spectrum .	Here we show how to disentangle them experimentally in the iron superconductors with one Fe plane per unit cell .	Therefore , any splitting at $ M $ must be due to lowering of the crystal symmetry , such as due to the nematic order .
+0	The aim of this work is to outline in some detail the use of combinatorial algebra in planar quantum field theory .	Particular emphasis is given to the relations between the different types of planar Green 's functions .	The key object is a Hopf algebra which is naturally defined on non-commuting sources , and the fact that its genuine unshuffle coproduct splits into left- and right unshuffle half-coproduts .	The latter give rise to the notion of unshuffle bialgebra .	This setting allows to describe the relation between planar full and connected Green 's functions by solving a simple linear fixed point equation .
+2	The branches contain points where K3 degenerates to orbifolds of the four-torus by Z_3 , Z_4 and Z_6 .	The subspace of the moduli space of F-theory on K3 over which the coupling remains constant develops new branches at special values of this coupling .	These values correspond to fixed points under the SL ( 2 , Z ) duality group of the type IIB string .	A singularity analysis shows that exceptional group symmetries appear on these branches , including pure E_8 xE_8 , although SO ( 32 ) can not be realised in this way .	The orbifold points can be mapped to a kind of non-perturbative generalization of a IIB orientifold , and to M-theory orbifolds with non-trivial action on 2-brane wrapping modes .
+0	I present an homogeneous determination of the physical properties of 14 transiting extrasolar planetary systems for which good data are available .	The input quantities for each system are the results of the light curve analyses ( Paper 1 ) , and published measurements of the stellar velocity amplitude , Teff and [ Fe/H ] .	The physical properties are determined by interpolating within tabulated predictions from stellar theory .	Statistical uncertainties are found using a perturbation algorithm , which gives a detailed error budget for every output quantity .	Systematic uncertainties are assessed for each quantity by comparing the values found using different stellar models .
+4	One of the challenges with such models is to perform robust estimation for the loss model parameters that will be amenable to practitioners when fitting such models .	This paper discusses different classes of loss models in non-life insurance settings .	It then overviews the class Tukey transform loss models that have not yet been widely considered in non-life insurance modelling , but offer opportunities to produce flexible skewness and kurtosis features often required in loss modelling .	In addition , these loss models admit explicit quantile specifications which make them directly relevant for quantile based risk measure calculations .	We detail various parameterizations and sub-families of the Tukey transform based models , such as the g-and-h , g-and-k and g-and-j models , including their properties of relevance to loss modelling .
+1	The corresponding supergravity solution describes a 5-dimensional black hole with a regular horizon .	We consider a supersymmetric system of D-5-branes compactified on a 5-torus with a self-dual background field strength on a 4-torus and carrying left-moving momentum along a circle .	The entropy of this black hole may be explained in terms of the Landau degeneracy for open strings stretching between different branes .	In the gauge theory approximation this D-5-brane system is described by a super Yang-Mills theory with a t'Hooft twist .	By choosing a supersymmetric branch of the theory we obtain perfect agreement with the entropy formula .
+1	( 1998 ) allowed us to obtain a partially different set of frequencies for the 20 short period variable stars discovered in the Carina dSph galaxy .	The re-analysis of the data reported by Mateo et al .	They are subdivided into 6 overtone-pulsators , 13 fundamental-pulsators ; 1 case remains uncertain .	The analysis of the light curves was conducted star by star and the first Fourier parameters were obtained for 17 variables .	No clear separation between pulsation modes is discernible in the F21-P plot , but the very narrow range of the observed periods hampered us to consider that statement as a definitive one .
+0	We study the numerical radius of Lipschitz operators on Banach spaces via the Lipschitz numerical index , which is an analogue of the numerical index in Banach space theory .	We give a characterization of the numerical radius and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for Banach spaces to have Lipschitz numerical index 1 .	As an application , we show that real lush spaces and $ C $ -rich subspaces have Lipschitz numerical index 1 .	Moreover , using the G $ \hat { a } $ teaux differentiability of Lipschitz operators , we characterize the Lipschitz numerical index of separable Banach spaces with the RNP .	Finally , we prove that the Lipschitz numerical index has the stability properties for the $ c_0 $ - , $ l_1 $ - , and $ l_\infty $ -sums of spaces and vector-valued function spaces .
+3	On compression through the volume range of the observed gamma-alpha transition , an Abrikosov-Suhl resonance begins to grow rapidly in the 4f spectra at the Fermi level , a corresponding peak develops in the specific heat , and the entropy drops rapidly in the presence of a persistent , although somewhat reduced local moment .	We have calculated thermodynamic and spectral properties of Ce metal over a wide range of volume and temperature , including the effects of 4f electron correlations , by the merger of the local density approximation and dynamical mean field theory ( DMFT ) .	The DMFT equations are solved using the quantum Monte Carlo technique supplemented by the more approximate Hubbard I and Hartree Fock methods .	At large volume we find Hubbard split spectra , the associated local moment , and an entropy consistent with degeneracy in the moment direction .	Our parameter-free spectra agree well with experiment at the alpha- and gamma-Ce volumes , and a region of negative curvature in the correlation energy leads to a shallowness in the low-temperature total energy over this volume range which is consistent with the gamma-alpha transition .
+4	A further increase in ellipticity reduces the entropy thereby resulting in a loss of information carrying capacity .	We study the quadrature uncertainty of the quantum elliptical vortex state using the associated Wigner function .	Deviations from the minimum uncertainty states were observed due to the absence of the Gaussian nature .	In our study of the entropy , we noticed that with increasing vorticity , entropy increases for both the modes .	We further observed that , there exists an optimum value of ellipticity which gives rise to maximum entanglement of the two modes of the quantum elliptical vortex states .
+4	A new result found is that while the magnification dips below unity far from the optical axis as noted by others , it returns to unity directly behind the source .	The total magnification due to a point lens has been of particular interest as the theorem that gravitational lensing results in light amplification for all observers appears to contradict the conservation of photon number .	This has been discussed several times , and various resolutions have been offered .	In this note , we use a kinematic approach to provide a formula for the magnification factor for the primary image accurate to first order and valid for rays leaving the source at any trajectory .	We thus determine the magnification over a sphere surrounding the system .
+0	We present promising results for real-time vehicle visual detection , obtained with adaBoost using new original ? keypoints presence features ? .	These weak-classifiers produce a boolean response based on presence or absence in the tested image of a ? keypoint ?	( ~ a SURF interest point ) with a descriptor sufficiently similar ( i.e.within a given distance ) to a reference descriptor characterizing the feature .	A first experiment was conducted on a public image dataset containing lateral-viewed cars , yielding 95 % recall with 95 % precision on test set .	Moreover , analysis of the positions of adaBoost-selected keypoints show that they correspond to a specific part of the object category ( such as ? wheel ?
+0	We present new models for illuminated accretion disks , their structure and reprocessed emission .	We consider the effects of incident X-rays on the surface of an accretion disk by solving simultaneously the equations of radiative transfer , energy balance and ionization equilibrium over a large range of column densities .	We assume plane-parallel geometry and azimuthal symmetry , such that each calculation corresponds to a ring at a given distance from the central object .	Our models include recent and complete atomic data for K-shell processes of the iron and oxygen isonuclear sequences .	We examine the effect on the spectrum of fluorescent K $ \alpha $ line emission and absorption in the emitted spectrum .
+0	We present a comprehensive formalism for the description of primordial black hole formation in spherical symmetry based on the formalisms of Misner , Sharp , and Hernandez , which can be used to predict whether or not a black hole will form , and extract the resulting black hole mass when formation does occur .	Rigorous derivations of all aspects of the formalism are provided , including a thorough investigation of appropriate initial and boundary conditions .	We connect our formalism with numerous other approaches in the literature .	Some implementation details for numerical code are provided .	We include animations of simulated primordial black hole formation as supplemental material .
+4	Next , a novel service model is developed for deadline constrained services with delivery ratio requirements , which enables us to turn the delivery ratio requirement into a single queue stability problem .	With the rapid development of high-speed railway ( HSR ) , how to provide the passengers with multimedia services has attracted increasing attention .	A key issue is to develop an effective scheduling algorithm for multiple services with different quality of service ( QoS ) requirements .	In this paper , we investigate the downlink service scheduling problem in HSR network taking account of end-to-end deadline constraints and successfully packet delivery ratio requirements .	Firstly , by exploiting the deterministic high-speed train trajectory , we present a time-distance mapping in order to obtain the highly dynamic link capacity effectively .
+3	We find that the observed tendency of galaxies to have greater B/D with increasing galaxy density simply reflects the average decline of B/D towards later morphological types together with the morphology -- density relation .	Relying on samples of disk galaxies for which a detailed photometric bulge/disk decomposition has been provided in the literature , we examine the dependence of the bulge-to-disk luminosity ratio ( B/D ) on the blue absolute luminosity and on the environmental density .	In our statistical analysis of various B/D data sets we pay particular attention to disentangling the role played by the galaxy morphology -- galaxy density relation .	Besides , we focus our attention on nearby ( $ z & lt ; 0.01 $ ) galaxies , for which we can provide a three-dimensional characterization of the local galaxy density .	This relation tends to give rise also to a greater proportion of bright bulges in denser regions , because the decrease of B/D towards later types is mostly due to a dimming of the bulge rather than to a brightening of the disk .
+2	Both the susceptibility and the string tension come from the same physics : The topology of linking , twisting , and writhing of closed vortex strings .	Based on a model of the d=3 SU ( 2 ) pure gauge theory vacuum as a monopole-vortex condensate , we give a quantitative ( if model-dependent ) estimate of the relation between the string tension and a gauge-invariant measure of the Chern-Simons susceptibility , due to vortex linkages , in the absence of a Chern-Simons term in the action .	We also give relations among these quantities and the vacuum energy and gauge-boson mass .	The closed-vortex string is described via a complex scalar field theory whose action has a precisely-specified functional form , inferred from previous work giving the exact form of a gauge-theory effective potential at low momentum .	Applications to high-T phenomena , including B+L anomalous violation , are mentioned .
+3	After discussing the sensor technology and fabrication process , we present device simulations ( pre- and post-irradiation ) performed for different sensor configurations .	In view of the LHC upgrade phases towards HL-LHC , the ATLAS experiment plans to upgrade the Inner Detector with an all-silicon system .	The n-on-p silicon technology is a promising candidate for the pixel upgrade thanks to its radiation hardness and cost effectiveness , that allow for enlarging the area instrumented with pixel detectors .	We report on the development of novel n-in-p edgeless planar pixel sensors fabricated at FBK ( Trento , Italy ) , making use of the `` active edge '' concept for the reduction of the dead area at the periphery of the device .	First preliminary results obtained with the test-structures of the production are shown .
+0	We investigate the effect of ram-pressure from the intracluster medium on the stripping of HI gas in galaxies in a massive , relaxed , X-ray bright , galaxy cluster at z=0.2 from the Blind Ultra Deep HI Environmental Survey ( BUDHIES ) .	We use cosmological simulations , and velocity vs. position phase-space diagrams to infer the orbital histories of the cluster galaxies .	In particular , we embed a simple analytical description of ram-pressure stripping in the simulations to identify the regions in phase-space where galaxies are more likely to have been sufficiently stripped of their HI gas to fall below the detection limit of our survey .	We find a striking agreement between the model predictions and the observed location of HI-detected and non-detected blue ( late-type ) galaxies in phase-space , strongly implying that ram-pressure plays a key role in the gas removal from galaxies , and that this can happen during their first infall into the cluster .	However , we also find a significant number of gas-poor , red ( early-type ) galaxies in the infall region of the cluster that can not easily be explained with our model of ram-pressure stripping alone .
+4	on the reconstructions of multiplicative forms and of a result of Weinstein-Xu and Crainic on the reconstruction of connection 1-forms .	This paper belongs to a series devoted to the study of the cohomology of classifying spaces .	Generalizing the Weil algebra of a Lie algebra and Kalkman 's BRST model , here we introduce the Weil algebra $ W ( A ) $ associated to any Lie algebroid $ A $ .	We then show that this Weil algebra is related to the Bott-Shulman-Stasheff complex ( computing the cohomology of the classifying space ) via a Van Est map and we prove a Van Est isomorphism theorem .	As application , we generalize and find a simpler more conceptual proof of the main result of Bursztyn et.al .
+3	We get Ep propto t^-delta with delta=7/2 which is much steeper than the observed slopes delta ( obs ) & lt ; = 1.5 .	We present a simple , semi-analytical model to explain GRB temporal and spectral properties in the context of the internal shock model .	Each individual pulse in the temporal profiles is produced by the deceleration of fast moving material by a comparatively slower layer within a relativistic wind .	The spectral evolution of synthetic pulses is first obtained with standard equipartition assumptions to estimate the post-shock magnetic field and electron Lorentz factor .	We therefore consider the possibility that the equipartition parameters depend on the shock strength and post-shock density .
+1	Some specific processing units , such as DSPs , are added to those devices in order to optimize the performance and the energy consumption .	Video decoding is considered as one of the most compute and energy intensive application in energy constrained mobile devices .	However , in DSP video decoding , the inter-processor communication overhead may have a considerable impact on the performance and the energy consumption .	In this paper , we propose to evaluate this overhead and analyse its impact on the performance and the energy consumption as compared to the GPP decoding .	Our work revealed that the GPP can be the best choice in many cases due to the a significant overhead in DSP decoding which may represents 30 % of the total decoding energy .
+2	For \alpha & gt ; 2 , the class of representable algebras is a variety that is not axiomatized by a finite schema , and in fact all complexity results on representations for cylindric algebras , proved by Andreka ( concerning number of variables needed for axiomatizations ) Hodkinson ( on Sahlqvist axiomatizations and canonicity ) and others , transfer to the topological addition , by implementing a very simple procedure of `discretely topologizing a cylindric algebra ' Given a cylindric algebra of dimension \alpha , one adds \alpha many interior identity operations , the latter algebra is representable as a topological cylindric algebra if and only if the former is ; the representation induced by the discrete topology .	Topological cylindric algebras of dimension \alpha , \alpha any ordinal are cylindric algebras with dimension \alpha expanded with \alpha S4 modalities .	The S4 modalities in representable algebras are induced by a topology on the base of the representation of its cylindric reduct , that is not necessarily an Alexandrov topolgy .	In this paper we investigate amalgamation properties for various classes of topological cylindric algebras of all dimensions .	We recover , in the topological context , all of the results proved by Andreka , Comer Madarasz , Nemeti , Pigozzi , Sain , Sayed Ahmed , Sagi , Shelah , Simon , and others for cylindric algebras and much more .
+3	Both methods are in good agreement and predict an outflowing current density with a complex microscopic pattern of vorticity in the steady state .	While classical or quantum interacting liquids become turbulent under sufficiently strong driving , it is not obvious what flow pattern an ideal quantum gas develops under similar conditions .	Unlike classical noninteracting particles which exhibit rather trivial flow , ideal fermions have to satisfy the exclusion principle , which acts as a form of collective repulsion .	We thus study the flow of an ideal Fermi gas as it is driven out of a narrow orifice of width comparable to the Fermi wavelength , employing both a microcanonical approach to transport , and solving a Lindblad equation for Markovian driving leads .	Applying a bias of the order of the chemical potential results in a short-range correlated antiferromagnetic vorticity pattern , corresponding to local moments of the order of a tenth of a magneton , $ e\hbar/2m $ , if the fermions are charged .
+1	Such embedded clusters can be considered protocluster systems .	Stellar clusters are born in cold and dusty molecular clouds and the youngest clusters are embedded to various degrees in dusty dark molecular material .	The most deeply buried examples are so heavily obscured by dust that they are only visible at infrared wavelengths .	These embedded protoclusters constitute the nearest laboratories for direct astronomical investigation of the physical processes of cluster formation and early evolution .	I review the present state of empirical knowledge concerning embedded cluster systems and discuss the implications for understanding their formation and subsequent evolution to produce bound stellar clusters .
+4	Both are determined by a local combinatorial invariant , an integer matrix .	This paper analyzes the nonlinear correspondence between the reflectivity profile ( model ) and the plane wave impulse response at the boundary ( data ) for a three-dimensional half space consisting of a sequence of homogeneous horizontal layers .	This correspondence is of importance in geophysical imaging , where it has been studied for more than half a century from a variety of perspectives .	The main contribution of the present paper is to derive something new in the context of a time-limited deterministic approach : ( i ) an exact finite ( non-asymptotic ) formula for the data in terms of the model , ( ii ) a corresponding exact inverse algorithm , and ( iii ) a precise characterization of the inherent nonlinearity .	Regarding ( iii ) , for generic models the correspondence is characterized as a pair of maps , one of which is locally linear , and the other of which is locally polynomial .
+4	The electron charge distributions reveal a small charge transfer from Si to Fe atomic spheres in both compounds .	We present an ab initio full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave ( FLAPW ) study of the structural and electronic properties of the two bulk unstable compounds FeSi ( CsCl structure ) and FeSi $ _2 $ ( CaF $ _2 $ structure ) which have recently been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si ( 111 ) .	We obtain equilibrium bulk lattice constants of 2.72 \AA\ and 5.32 \AA\ for FeSi and FeSi $ _2 $ , respectively .	The density of states ( DOS ) of FeSi agrees well with experiment , and shows metallic behavior .	In agreement with a previous calculation the DOS of FeSi $ _2 $ shows a large density of $ d $ -states at the Fermi level , explaining the instability of the bulk phase .
+1	It is found that the DM interaction can excite the entanglement and teleportation fidelity .	Thermal entanglement of a two-qubit Heisenberg chain in presence of the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya ( DM ) anisotropic antisymmetric interaction and entanglement teleportation when using two independent Heisenberg chains as quantum channel are investigated .	The output entanglement increases linearly with increasing value of input one , its dependences on the temperature , DM interaction and spin coupling constant are given in detail .	Entanglement teleportation will be better realized via antiferromagnetic spin chain when the DM interaction is turned off and the temperature is low .	However , the introduction of DM interaction can cause the ferromagnetic spin chain to be a better quantum channel for teleportation .
+0	An inclusive search for same-sign top-quark pair production in pp collisions at sqrt ( s ) = 7 TeV is performed using a data sample recorded with the CMS detector in 2010 , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 inverse picobarns .	This analysis is motivated by recent studies of p p-bar to t t-bar reporting mass-dependent forward-backward asymmetries larger than expected from the standard model .	These asymmetries could be due to Flavor Changing Neutral Currents ( FCNC ) in the top sector induced by t-channel exchange of a massive neutral vector boson ( Z ' ) .	Models with such a Z ' also predict enhancement of same-sign top-pair production in pp or p p-bar collisions .	Limits are set as a function of the Z ' mass and its couplings to u and t quarks .
+1	Any parity allows one to construct functorial mappings from knots to knots , to refine many invariants and to prove minimality theorems for knots .	In \cite { FrKn , Sbornik } it was shown that in some knot theories the crucial role is played by { \em parity } , i.e.\ a function on crossings valued in $ \ { 0,1\ } $ and behaving nicely with respect to Reidemeister moves .	In the present paper , we generalise the notion of parity and construct parities with coefficients from an abelian group rather than $ \mathbb { Z } _2 $ and investigate them for different knot theories .	For some knot theories we show that there is the universal parity , i.e.\ such a parity that any other parity factors through it .	We realise that in the case of flat knots all parities originate from homology groups of underlying surfaces and , at the same time , allow one to `` localise '' the global homological information about the ambient space at crossings .
+2	This finding demonstrates SO coupling in the most straightforward way : in the presence of a transverse electric field the drift velocity of the carriers imposes an effective SO magnetic field .	We investigate the Zeeman splitting of two-dimensional electrons in an asymmetric silicon quantum well , by electron-spin-resonance ( ESR ) experiments .	Applying a small dc current we observe a shift in the resonance field due to the additional current-induced Bychkov-Rashba ( BR ) type of spin-orbit ( SO ) field .	This effect allows selective tuning of the g-factor by an applied dc current .	In addition , we show that an ac current may be used to induce spin resonance very efficiently .
+4	The construction covers both Euclidean and Lorentzian signatures ; in the Euclidean case and in the limit of flat space we reproduce the simplicial 4-simplex semiclassical states used in Spin Foams .	We construct a class of coherent spin-network states that capture proprieties of curved space-times of the Friedmann-Lama\^itre-Robertson-Walker type on which they are peaked .	The data coded by a coherent state are associated to a cellular decomposition of a spatial ( $ t= $ const . )	section with dual graph given by the complete five-vertex graph , though the construction can be easily generalized to other graphs .	The labels of coherent states are complex $ SL ( 2 , \mathbbm { C } ) $ variables , one for each link of the graph and are computed through a smearing process starting from a continuum extrinsic and intrinsic geometry of the canonical surface .
+3	They form elongated structures of variable thickness , ranging from less than 0.02 pc for those unresolved , up to 0.08 pc .	We report on a novel kind of small scale structure in molecular clouds found in IRAM-30m and CSO maps of 12CO and 13CO lines around low mass starless dense cores .	These structures come to light as the locus of the extrema of velocity shears in the maps , computed as the increments at small scale ( about 0.02 pc ) of the line velocity centroids .	These extrema populate the non-Gaussian wings of the shear probability distribution function ( shear-PDF ) built for each map .	They are essentially pure velocity structures .
+1	The distributions in rapidity and transverse momentum of charm and bottom quarks/antiquarks are calculated in the $ k_t $ -factorization approach .	We discuss production of nonphotonic electrons in proton-proton scattering at RHIC .	We use different unintegrated gluon distributions from the literature .	The hadronization of heavy quarks is done by means of Peterson and Braaten et al .	fragmentation functions .
+2	We show that the nuclear effects on the shape of four-momentum transferred squared distribution $ d\sigma/dQ^2_ { QE } $ in neutrino neutral-current and charged-current quasi-elastic scattering are similar .	The neutral current elastic scattering of neutrinos on Carbon and $ CH_2 $ targets is computed using the relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation with relativistic optical potential .	Results for exclusive and inclusive neutrino reactions on $ { } ^ { 12 } $ C target are presented .	We also calculate flux-averaged neutral current elastic differential cross section $ d\sigma/dQ^2_ { QE } $ for neutrino scattering from $ CH_2 $ , as well as , the neutral-current to charged-current cross section ratio as functions of $ Q^2_ { QE } $ .	The value of axial mass $ M_A $ is extracted from a fit of $ d\sigma/dQ^2_ { QE } $ cross section measured in MiniBooNE experiment .
+3	The spectral fits with this assumption indicate that the continuum emission is likely to be dominated by the non-thermal emission with a cut-off energy at & gt ; 1 keV .	Suzaku X-ray observations of a young supernova remnant , Cassiopeia A , were carried out .	K-shell transition lines from highly ionized ions of various elements were detected , including Chromium ( Cr-Kalpha at 5.61 keV ) .	The X-ray continuum spectra were modeled in the 3.4 -- 40 keV band , summed over the entire remnant , and were fitted with a simplest combination of the thermal bremsstrahlung and the non-thermal cut-off power-law models .	The thermal-to-nonthermal fraction of the continuum flux in the 4-10 keV band is best estimated as ~0.1 .
+1	We derive analytical scalings for this decay and calibrate and test them through the extensive use of N-body simulations , which accurately confirm the predicted temporal evolution .	We estimate the timescales for orbital decay of wide binaries embedded within dark matter halos , due to dynamical friction against the dark matter particles .	For density and velocity dispersion parameters as inferred for the dark matter halos of local dSph galaxies , we show that the decay timescales become shorter than the ages of the dSph stellar populations for binary stars composed of 1 $ M_ { \odot } $ stars , for initial separations larger than 0.1 pc .	Such wide binaries are conspicuous and have been well measured in the solar neighborhood .	The prediction of the dark matter hypothesis is that they should now be absent from stellar populations embedded within low velocity dispersion , high density dark mater halos , as currently inferred for the local dSph galaxies , having since evolved into tighter binaries .
+2	In the attractive regime , the spinon is massive while the holon is massless .	We use thermodynamic Bethe ansatz to study nonrelativistic scattering theory of low energy excitations of 1D Hubbard model , using the $ S $ -matrices proposed by E\ss ler and Korepin .	This model can be described by two types of excitation states , holons and spinons , as asymptotic states .	The situation is reversed with a repulsive coupling .	We derive that the central charge of the Hubbard model in the IR limit is $ c=1 $ while it vanishes in the UV limit .
+4	The two-fold advantage of such a hybrid approach is that it is much faster and easier to train than character-based ones ; at the same time , it never produces unknown words as in the case of word-based models .	Nearly all previous work in neural machine translation ( NMT ) has used quite restricted vocabularies , perhaps with a subsequent method to patch in unknown words .	This paper presents a novel word-character solution to achieving open vocabulary NMT .	We build hybrid systems that translate mostly at the word level and consult the character components for rare words .	Our character-level recurrent neural networks compute source word representations and recover unknown target words when needed .
+0	A sensitivity analysis of general stoichiometric networks is considered .	The results are presented as a generalization of Metabolic Control Analysis , which has been concerned primarily with system sensitivities at steady state .	An expression for time-varying sensitivity coefficients is given , and the Summation and Connectivity Theorems are generalized .	The results are compared to previous treatments .	The analysis is accompanied by a discussion of the computation of the sensitivity coefficients and an application to a model of phototransduction .
+4	The correlation function in the extremely non-linear regime is a less steep function of scale than reported in earlier studies .	We investigate non-linear scaling relations for two-dimensional gravitational collapse in an expanding background using a 2D TreePM code and study the strongly non-linear regime ( $ \bar\xi \leq 200 $ ) for power law models .	Evolution of these models is found to be scale-invariant in all our simulations .	We find that the stable clustering limit is not reached , but there is a model independent non-linear scaling relation in the asymptotic regime .	This confirms results from an earlier study which only probed the mildly non-linear regime ( $ \bar\xi \leq 40 $ ) .
+1	Examples of data obtained by non-random sampling include convenience samples and case-control data in which a fixed number of samples with and without some condition is collected ; such data are not uncommon .	This paper describes a Bayesian method for learning causal networks using samples that were selected in a non-random manner from a population of interest .	The paper describes a method for combining data under selection with prior beliefs in order to derive a posterior probability for a model of the causal processes that are generating the data in the population of interest .	The priors include beliefs about the nature of the non-random sampling procedure .	Although exact application of the method would be computationally intractable for most realistic datasets , efficient special-case and approximation methods are discussed .
+1	We use a ray tracing method to study the influence of microlensing in the emission coming from a compact accretion disc considering both geometries , Schwarzschild and Kerr .	We study the influence of gravitational microlensing on the AGN Fe K-alpha line confirming that unexpected enhancements recently detected in the iron line of some AGNs can be produced by this effect .	Thanks to the small dimensions of the region producing the AGN Fe K-alpha line , the Einstein Ring Radii associated to even very small compact objects have size comparable to the accretion disc hence producing noticeable changes in the line profiles .	Asymmetrical enhancements contributing differently to the peaks or to the core of the line are produced by a microlens , off-centered with respect to the accretion disc .	In the standard configuration of microlensing by a compact object in an intervening galaxy , we found that the effects on the iron line are two orders of magnitude larger than those expected in the optical or UV emission lines .
+1	Some approaches invoked large trilinear supersymmetry-breaking terms A_t between stops and one of the elementary Higgs fields .	The recent discovery of the putative 125-GeV Higgs boson has motivated a number of attempts to reconcile its relatively large mass with the predictions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( MSSM ) .	We consider the possibility that electroweak symmetry breaking may be triggered by supersymmetry breaking with a large A_t , large enough to generate a composite field with the same quantum numbers as the Higgs boson and with a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value .	In the resulting vacuum , the usual relation between the gauge couplings and the Higgs self-coupling does not apply , and there is no reason to expect the same upper bound on the mass of the lightest Higgs boson .	In a simple model where the bound state is assumed to have no mixing with the other fields , we calculate the critical coupling A_t necessary for symmetry breaking using the lowest-order Bethe-Salpeter ( BS ) equation .
+2	Then there exists a base for $ G $ on $ V $ of size at most $ 2 $ unless $ q \leq 4 $ in which case there exists a base of size at most $ 3 $ .	Let $ V $ be a finite vector space over a finite field of order $ q $ and of characteristic $ p $ .	Let $ G\leq GL ( V ) $ be a $ p $ -solvable completely reducible linear group .	The first statement extends a recent result of Halasi and Podoski and the second statement generalizes a theorem of Seress .	An extension of a theorem of P\'alfy and Wolf is also given .
+2	We derive sum rules for neutralino and chargino masses in different representations of SU ( 5 ) which lead to different non-universal boundary conditions for the gaugino masses at the unification scale .	Grand unified theories can lead to non-universal boundary conditions for the gaugino masses at the unification scale .	We consider the implications of such non-universal boundary conditions for the composition of the lightest neutralino as well as for the upper bound on its mass in the simplest supersymmetric grand unified theory based on the SU ( 5 ) gauge group .	We also consider the phenomenological implications of the non-universal gaugino masses arising from a grand unified theory in the context of Large Hadron Collider .	In particular we investigate the detection of heavy neutral Higgs bosons $ H^0 , A^0 $ from $ H^0 , A^0 \to \tilde { \chi } _2^0 \tilde { \chi } _2^0 \to 4l $ , and study the possibilities of detecting the neutral Higgs bosons in cascade decays , including the decays $ \tilde { \chi } _i^0 \to h^0 ( H^0 , A^0 ) \tilde { \chi } _1^0 \to b\bar { b } \tilde { \chi } _1^0 $ .
+4	The method can be applied to treat correlation observables and take into account , besides the jet transverse momentum pedestal , effects of hard jets from pile-up .	Experiments in the high-luminosity runs at the Large Hadron Collider face the challenges of very large pile-up .	Primary techniques to deal with this are based on precise vertex and track reconstruction .	Outside tracker acceptances , however , lie regions of interest for many aspects of the LHC physics program .	We explore complementary approaches to pile-up treatment and propose a data-driven jet-mixing method which can be used outside tracker acceptances without depending on Monte Carlo generators .
+2	We directly solve the set of Casimir equations , that can elegantly be written in a compact form for any ( l , \bar l ) , by using an educated ansatz and reducing the problem to an algebraic linear system .	We compute in closed analytical form the minimal set of `` seed '' conformal blocks associated to the exchange of generic mixed symmetry spinor/tensor operators in an arbitrary representation ( l , \bar l ) of the Lorentz group in four dimensional conformal field theories .	These blocks arise from 4-point functions involving two scalars , one ( 0 , |l-\bar l| ) and one ( |l-\bar l|,0 ) spinors or tensors .	Various details on the form of the ansatz have been deduced by using the so called shadow formalism .	The complexity of the conformal blocks depends on the value of p=|l-\bar l | and grows with p , in analogy to what happens to scalar conformal blocks in d even space-time dimensions as d increases .
+0	The following theorem is essentially due to L.~Kantorovich and B. Vulikh and it describes one of the most important classes of Banach lattices between which each continuous operator is regular .	{ \bf Theorem 1.1 . }	{ \sl Let $ E $ be an arbitrary L-space and $ F $ be an arbitrary Banach lattice with Levi norm .	Then $ { \cal L } ( E , F ) = { \cal L } ^r ( E , F ) , \ ( \star ) $ that is , every continuous operator from $ E $ to $ F $ is regular . }	In spite of the importance of this theorem it has not yet been determined to what extent the Levi condition is essential for the validity of equality $ ( \star ) $ .
+0	I review theory and phenomenology of ( K/2 , K/2 ) * [ ( 1/2,0 ) + ( 0,1/2 ) ] states .	First I make the case that the observed nucleon and Delta ( 1232 ) excitations ( up to Delta ( 1600 ) ) are exhausted by unconstrained ( K/2 , K/2 ) * [ ( 1/2,0 ) + ( 0,1/2 ) ] states with K=1,3 , and 5 , which originate from rotational and vibrational excitations of an underlying quark -- diquark configuration .	Second , I consider the simplest case of K=1 and show that the \gamma^\mu\psi_\mu =0 constraint of the Rarita-Schwinger framework is a short-hand of : - 1/3 ( 1/m^2 W^2 +3/4 ) \psi_\mu = \psi_\mu , the covariant definition of the unique invariant subspace of the squared Pauli-Lubanski vector , W^2 , that is a parity singlet and of highest spin-3/2 at rest .	I suggest to work in the 16 dimensional vector spinor space \Psi= A *\psi rather than keeping Lorentz and spinor indices separated and show that the above second order equation guarantees the covariant description of a has-been spin-3/2 states at rest without invoking further supplementary conditions .	In gauging the latter equation minimally and , in calculating the determinant , one obtains a pathology-free energy-momentum dispersion relation , thus avoiding the classical Velo-Zwanziger problem of imaginary energies in the presence of an external electromagnetic field .
+0	In this paper we take the perspective introduced by Case-Shu-Wei of studying warped product Einstein metrics through the equation for the Ricci curvature of the base space .	They call this equation on the base the $ m $ -Quasi Einstein equation , but we will also call it the $ ( \lambda , n+m ) $ -Einstein equation .	In this paper we extend the work of Case-Shu-Wei and some earlier work of Kim-Kim to allow the base to have non-empty boundary .	This is a natural case to consider since a manifold without boundary often occurs as a warped product over a manifold with boundary , and in this case we get some interesting new canonical examples .	We also derive some new formulas involving curvatures which are analogous to those for the gradient Ricci solitons .
+0	We present entanglement witnesses for detecting genuine multi-qubit entanglement .	Our constructions are robust against noise and require only two local measurement settings , independent of the number of qubits .	Thus they allow to verify entanglement of many qubits in experiments while requiring only a small effort .	In contrast , usual methods need an effort which increases exponentially with the number of qubits .	The witnesses detect states close to GHZ states and cluster states .
+4	We perform an analytical study of a simplified set of equations describing the system , in order to investigate the connection of its temporal behaviour with key physical parameters .	The hadronic model of Active Galactic Nuclei and other compact high energy astrophysical sources assumes that ultra-relativistic protons , electron-positron pairs and photons interact via various hadronic and electromagnetic processes inside a magnetized volume , producing the multiwavelength spectra observed from these sources .	A less studied property of such systems is that they can exhibit a variety of temporal behaviours due to the operation of different feedback mechanisms .	We investigate the effects of one possible feedback loop , where \gamma-rays produced by photopion processes are being quenched whenever their compactness increases above a critical level .	This causes a spontaneous creation of soft photons in the system that result in further proton cooling and more production of \gamma-rays , thus making the loop operate .
+3	We propose an alternative source of annual modulation in the form of neutrons , which have been liberated from material surrounding the detector by a combination of 8B solar neutrinos and atmospheric muons .	The DAMA/LIBRA experiment searches for evidence of Dark Matter scattering off nuclei .	Data from DAMA show 9.2 sigma evidence for an annual modulation , consistent with Dark Matter having a cross section around 2x10^ ( -40 ) cm^2 .	However this is excluded by other Direct Detection experiments .	The phase of the muon modulation lags 30 days behind the data , however we show that adding the modulated neutrino component shifts the phase of the combined signal forward .
+2	Aims : We assess , the influence of stellar dynamical interactions on the primordial binary population in young dense cluster environments .	Context : Field stars are not always single stars , but can often be found in bound double systems .	Since binary frequencies in the birth places of stars , young embedded clusters , are sometimes even higher than on average the question arises of how binary stars form in young dense star clusters and how their properties evolve to those observed in the field population .	Methods : We perform numerical N-body simulations of the Orion Nebula Cluster like star cluster models including primordial binary populations using the simulation code nbody6++ .	Results : We find two remarkable results that have yet not been reported : The first is that the evolution of the binary frequency in young dense star clusters is independent predictably of its initial value .
+4	The system is simulated and is found to give satisfactory results .	Today 's wireless networks are characterized by fixed spectrum assignment policy .	The limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage necessitate a new communication paradigm to exploit the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically .	Cognitive radio is a paradigm for wireless communication in which either a network or a wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters to communicate efficiently avoiding interference with licensed or unlicensed users .	In this work , a fuzzy logic based system for spectrum management is proposed where the radio can share unused spectrum depending on some parameters like distance , signal strength , node velocity and availability of unused spectrum .
+4	We quantify the additional number of measurements required to ensure reliable signal recovery in the presence of nonidentical fading channels compared to that is required with identical Gaussian channels .	We address the problem of recovering a sparse signal observed by a resource constrained wireless sensor network under channel fading .	Sparse random matrices are exploited to reduce the communication cost in forwarding information to a fusion center .	The presence of channel fading leads to inhomogeneity and non Gaussian statistics in the effective measurement matrix that relates the measurements collected at the fusion center and the sparse signal being observed .	We analyze the impact of channel fading on nonuniform recovery of a given sparse signal by leveraging the properties of heavy-tailed random matrices .
+3	The calibrated images are then resampled and combined into image stacks .	This paper describes the MegaPipe image processing pipeline at the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre .	The pipeline combines multiple images from the MegaCam mosaic camera on CFHT and combines them into a single output image .	MegaPipe takes as input detrended MegaCam images and does a careful astrometric and photometric calibration on them .	The astrometric calibration of the output images is accurate to within 0.15 arcseconds relative to external reference frames and 0.04 arcseconds internally .
+0	We present experimental results on a Bose gas in a quasi-2D geometry near the Berezinskii , Kosterlitz and Thouless ( BKT ) transition temperature .	By measuring the density profile , \textit { in situ } and after time of flight , and the coherence length , we identify different states of the gas .	In particular , we observe that the gas develops a bimodal distribution without long range order .	In this state , the gas presents a longer coherence length than the thermal cloud ; it is quasi-condensed but is not superfluid .	Experimental evidence indicates that we observe the superfluid transition ( BKT transition ) .
+2	In contrast complex physical spatiotemporal diffusion processes where both the above effects compete have for many years been modelled using the fully fractional ( FF ) kinetic equation for the continuous time random walk ( CTRW ) , with power laws in the pdfs of both jump size and waiting time .	Levy flights and fractional Brownian motion ( fBm ) have become exemplars of the heavy tailed jumps and long-ranged memory widely seen in physics .	Natural time series frequently combine both effects , and linear fractional stable motion ( lfsm ) is a model process of this type , combining alpha-stable jumps with a memory kernel .	We derive the analogous kinetic equation for lfsm and show that it has a diffusion coefficient with a power law in time rather than having a fractional time derivative like the CTRW .	We discuss some preliminary results on the scaling of burst `` sizes '' and `` durations '' in lfsm time series , with applications to modelling existing observations in space physics and elsewhere .
+4	On the other hand , Brukner and Zeilinger 's definition of a new measure of information may lose its significance , when the spin measurement of an elementary system is treated realistically .	In Brukner and Zeilinger 's interpretation of quantum mechanics , information is introduced as the most fundamental notion and the finiteness of information is considered as an essential feature of quantum systems .	They also define a new measure of information which is inherently different from the Shannon information and try to show that the latter is not useful in defining the information content in a quantum object .	Here , we show that there are serious problems in their approach which make their efforts unsatisfactory .	The finiteness of information does not explain how objective results appear in experiments and what an instantaneous change in the so-called information vector ( or catalog of knowledge ) really means during the measurement .
+3	We numerically show that global properties of the BA model such as the connectivity distribution and the average shortest path length are quite robust when there is some degree of local knowledge .	The scale-free model of Barabasi and Albert gave rise to a burst of activity in the field of complex networks .	In this paper , we revisit one of the main assumptions of the model , the preferential attachment rule .	We study a model in which the PA rule is applied to a neighborhood of newly created nodes and thus no global knowledge of the network is assumed .	In contrast , other properties such as the clustering coefficient and degree-degree correlations differ and approach the values measured for real-world networks .
+4	Both systems could be viewed as extensions of Armstrong 's axioms of functional dependency from the database theory .	The paper proposes a way to add marketing into the standard threshold model of social networks .	Within this framework , the paper studies logical properties of the influence relation between sets of agents in social networks .	Two different forms of this relation are considered : one for promotional marketing and the other for preventive marketing .	In each case a sound and complete logical system describing properties of the influence relation is proposed .
+1	We follow the approach of G. Royer ( 1999 ) and obtain uniqueness by showing convergence properties of a Glauber-Langevin dynamics .	In a statistical mechanics model with unbounded spins , we prove uniqueness of the Gibbs measure under various assumptions on finite volume functional inequalities .	The result was known when the measures on the box $ [ -n , n ] ^d $ ( with free boundary conditions ) satisfied the same logarithmic Sobolev inequality .	We generalize this in two directions : either the constants may be allowed to grow sub-linearly in the diameter , or we may suppose a weaker inequality than log-Sobolev , but stronger than Poincar\'e .	We conclude by giving a heuristic argument showing that this could be the right inequalities to look at .
+0	We carry out adaptive mesh refinement ( AMR ) cosmological simulations of Milky-Way mass halos in order to investigate the formation of disk-like galaxies in a { \Lambda } -dominated Cold Dark Matter model .	We evolve a suite of five halos to z = 0 and find gaseous-disk formation in all ; however , in agreement with previous SPH simulations ( that did not include a subgrid feedback model ) , the rotation curves of all halos are centrally peaked due to a massive spheroidal component .	Our standard model includes radiative cooling and star formation , but no feedback .	We further investigate this angular momentum problem by systematically modifying various simulation parameters including : ( i ) spatial resolution , ranging from 1700 to 212 pc ; ( ii ) an additional pressure component to ensure that the Jeans length is always resolved ; ( iii ) low star formation efficiency , going down to 0.1 % ; ( iv ) fixed physical resolution as opposed to comoving resolution ; ( v ) a supernova feedback model which injects thermal energy to the local cell ; and ( vi ) a subgrid feedback model which suppresses cooling in the immediate vicinity of a star formation event .	Of all of these , we find that only the last ( cooling suppression ) has any impact on the massive spheroidal component .
+2	The succeeding creep experiments performed at various ages showed damped oscillations in the strain .	In this paper , ageing behavior of suspensions of laponite with varying salt concentration is investigated using rheological tools .	It is observed that the ageing is accompanied by an increase in the complex viscosity .	The characteristic time-scale of the damped oscillations , retardation time , showed a prominent decrease with the age of the system .	However , this dependence weakens with an increase in the salt concentration , which is known to change microstructure of the system from glass-like to gel-like .
+2	Poincare algebra is described next where the explicit expressions for the Poincare generators of free scalar theory in terms of the field operators and Fock space operators are also given .	In these lectures we hope to provide an elementary introduction to selected topics in light-front dynamics .	Starting from the study of free field theories of scalar boson , fermion , and massless vector boson , the canonical field commutators and propagators in the instant and front forms are compared and contrasted .	Next , to illustrate the idea of Fock space description of bound states and to analyze some of the simple relativistic features of bound systems without getting into the wilderness of light-front renormalization , Quantum Electrodynamics in one space - one time dimensions is discussed along with the consideration of anomaly in this model .	Lastly , light-front power counting is discussed .
+4	On the other hand , when $ A_N $ is diagonal with a sole simple nonnull eigenvalue large enough , we prove that the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue are not universal and vary with the particular distribution of the entries of $ W_N $ .	In this paper , we investigate the asymptotic spectrum of complex or real Deformed Wigner matrices $ ( M_N ) _N $ defined by $ M_N=W_N/\sqrt { N } +A_N $ where $ W_N $ is an $ N\times N $ Hermitian ( resp. , symmetric ) Wigner matrix whose entries have a symmetric law satisfying a Poincar\ ' { e } inequality .	The matrix $ A_N $ is Hermitian ( resp. , symmetric ) and deterministic with all but finitely many eigenvalues equal to zero .	We first show that , as soon as the first largest or last smallest eigenvalues of $ A_N $ are sufficiently far from zero , the corresponding eigenvalues of $ M_N $ almost surely exit the limiting semicircle compact support as the size $ N $ becomes large .	The corresponding limits are universal in the sense that they only involve the variance of the entries of $ W_N $ .
+2	Legacy codes suffer from the additional curse of rigid design choices based on outdated performance metrics ( e.g.minimization of memory footprint ) .	One of the greatest efforts of computational scientists is to translate the mathematical model describing a class of physical phenomena into large and complex codes .	Many of these codes face the difficulty of implementing the mathematical operations in the model in terms of low level optimized kernels offering both performance and portability .	Using a representative code from the Materials Science community , we propose a methodology to restructure the most expensive operations in terms of an optimized combination of dense linear algebra kernels .	The resulting algorithm guarantees an increased performance and an extended life span of this code enabling larger scale simulations .
+2	For continuous-time Markov chains , we identify the relevant pairs of conjugated variables and propose two NE ensembles : one with fixed dynamics and fluctuating time-averaged variables , and another with fixed time-averaged variables , but a fluctuating dynamics .	We connect the rare fluctuations of an Equilibrium ( EQ ) process and the typical fluctuations of a nonequilibrium ( NE ) stationary process .	In the framework of large deviation theory , this observation allows us to introduce NE thermodynamic potentials .	Accordingly , we show that NE processes are equivalent to conditioned EQ processes ensuring that NE potentials are Legendre dual .	We find a variational principle satisfied by the NE potentials that reach their maximum in the NE stationary state and whose first derivatives produce the NE equations of state , and second derivatives produce the NE Maxwell relations generalizing the Onsager reciprocity relations .
+3	We further show how the bands form , that they scale with the thickness of the drying layer , and that they are eliminated by the addition of salt to the drying dispersions .	In directionally-dried colloidal dispersions regular bands can appear behind the drying front , inclined at $ \pm45^\circ $ to the drying line .	Although these features have been noted to share visual similarities to shear bands in metal , no physical mechanism for their formation has ever been suggested , until very recently .	Here , through microscopy of silica and polystyrene dispersions , dried in Hele-Shaw cells , we demonstrate that the bands are indeed associated with local shear strains .	Finally , we reveal the origins of these bands in the compressive forces associated with drying , and show how they affect the optical properties ( birefringence ) of colloidal films and coatings .
+1	On doping Sr2+ for Ca2+ ion , these compounds with x = 0.1 , 0.3 , and 0.4 exhibit CE-type , mixture of CE-type and A-type , and A-type antiferromagnetic ordering , respectively .	The short range ordered magnetic correlations have been studied in half doped La0.5Ca0.5-xSrxMnO3 ( x = 0.1 , 0.3 and 0.4 ) compounds by polarized neutron scattering technique .	Magnetic diffuse scattering is observed in all the compounds above and below their respective magnetic ordering temperatures and is attributed to magnetic polarons .	The correlations are primarily ferromagnetic in nature above T\_N , although a small antiferromagnetic contribution is also evident .	Additionally , in samples x = 0.1 and 0.3 with CE-type antiferromagnetic ordering , superlattice diffuse reflections are observed indicating correlations between magnetic polarons .
+3	The result is consistent with the previous expectation that the identity-based marginal solution has vanishing energy regardless of the values of the parameter .	We investigate numerical solutions of bosonic open string field theory in some marginally deformed backgrounds , which are obtained by expanding the action around an identity-based marginal solution with one parameter .	We construct numerical solutions in the Siegel gauge and the Landau gauge corresponding to the tachyon vacuum .	Their vacuum energy approximately cancels the D-brane tension for larger intervals of the parameter with increasing truncation level .	We also study the marginal branch ( M-branch ) and the vacuum branch ( V-branch ) and evaluate not only the vacuum energy but also the gauge invariant overlaps with the graviton and the closed tachyon .
+0	Precise astronomical spectroscopic analyses routinely assume that individual pixels in charge-coupled devices ( CCDs ) have uniform sensitivity to photons .	Intra-pixel sensitivity ( IPS ) variations may already cause small systematic errors in , for example , studies of extra-solar planets via stellar radial velocities and cosmological variability in fundamental constants via quasar spectroscopy , but future experiments requiring velocity precisions approaching ~1 cm/s will be more strongly affected .	Laser frequency combs have been shown to provide highly precise wavelength calibration for astronomical spectrographs , but here we show that they can also be used to measure IPS variations in astronomical CCDs in situ .	We successfully tested a laser frequency comb system on the Ultra-High Resolution Facility spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope .	By modelling the 2-dimensional comb signal recorded in a single CCD exposure , we find that the average IPS deviates by & lt ; 8 per cent if it is assumed to vary symmetrically about the pixel centre .
+3	Here we present the discovery of high-redshift sub-DLAs based on 17 z & gt ; 4 quasar spectra observed with the Ultraviolet-Visual Echelle Spectrograph ( UVES ) on VLT .	Absorbers seen in the spectrum of background quasars are a unique tool to select HI-rich galaxies at all redshifts .	In turns , these allow to determine the cosmological evolution of the HI gas , Omega_HI+HeII , a possible indicator of gas consumption as star formation proceeds .	The Damped Lyman-alpha systems ( DLAs with N ( HI ) & gt ; 10^20.3 cm^-2 ) , in particular , are believed to contain a large fraction of the HI gas but there are also indications that lower column density systems , named `` sub-Damped Lyman-alpha '' systems play a role at high-redshift .	This sample is composed of 21 new sub-DLAs which , together with another 10 systems from previous ESO archive studies , make up a homogeneous sample .
+0	Wigner and Husimi transforms have long been used for the phase-space reformulation of Schr\ '' odinger-type equations , and the study of the corresponding semiclassical limits .	Most of the existing results provide approximations in appropriate weak topologies .	In this work we are concerned with semiclassical limits in the strong topology , i.e.approximation of Wigner functions by solutions of the Liouville equation in $ L^2 $ and Sobolev norms .	The results obtained improve the state of the art , and highlight the role of potential regularity , especially through the regularity of the Wigner equation .	It must be mentioned that the strong convergence can be shown up to $ O ( log \frac { 1 } \epsilon ) $ time-scales , which is well known to be , in general , the limit of validity of semiclassical asymptotics .
+2	We show that these fields can be large for specific parameter values in the theories , and thus might have observational significance .	We study gravitational curvature effects in circular and radial geodesics in static , spherically symmetric space-times , using Fermi normal coordinates .	We first set up these coordinates in the general case , and then use this to study effective magnetic fields due to gravitational curvature in the exterior and interior Schwarzschild , Janis-Newman-Winicour , and Bertrand space-times .	We discuss the qualitative differences of the magnetic field for vacuum space-times and for those seeded by matter .	We estimate the magnitude of these fields in realistic galactic scenarios and discuss their possible experimental relevance .
+0	We present deep ( $ & gt ; $ 2.4 Ms ) observations of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant with { \it NuSTAR } , which operates in the 3 -- 79 keV bandpass and is the first instrument capable of spatially resolving the remnant above 15 keV .	We find that the emission is not entirely dominated by the forward shock nor by a smooth `` bright ring '' at the reverse shock .	Instead we find that the $ & gt ; $ 15 keV emission is dominated by knots near the center of the remnant and dimmer filaments near the remnant 's outer rim .	These regions are fit with unbroken power-laws in the 15 -- 50 keV bandpass , though the central knots have a steeper ( $ \Gamma \sim -3.35 $ ) spectrum than the outer filaments ( $ \Gamma \sim -3.06 $ ) .	We argue this difference implies that the central knots are located in the 3-D interior of the remnant rather than at the outer rim of the remnant and seen in the center due to projection effects .
+0	We elaborate on a recently found $ SU ( 5 ) $ relation confined to the up- ( s ) quark flavour space , that remains immune to large quantum corrections up to the TeV scale .	We investigate the possibilities opened by this new window on the GUT scale in order to find TeV-scale $ SU ( 5 ) $ tests realizable at the LHC .	We present a variety of tests , which appear as relations among observables involving flavour violation or chirality flips and rely on the techniques of top polarimetry , charm-tagging , or Higgs detection from cascade decays .	We discuss the cases of natural Supersymmetry and top-charm Supersymmetry as example cases .	We find that $ O ( 10 ) $ to $ O ( 100 ) $ events are needed to obtain 50\ % of relative precision at 3 $ \sigma $ significance for all proposed tests .
+1	There always has been a tradeoff between throughput and energy consumption , but stationary topology of WMNs and high node density of WSN 's benefit the algorithms to consider quality-aware routing to choose the best routes .	Being most popular and IETF standard metric , minimum hop count is appropriately used by Ad hoc Networks , as new paths must rapidly be found in the situations where quality paths could not be found in due time due to high node mobility .	In this paper , we analytically review ongoing research on wireless routing metrics which are based on ETX ( Expected Transmission Count ) as it performs better than minimum hop count under link availability .	Performances over ETX , target platforms and design requirements of these ETX based metrics are high-lighted .	Consequences of the criteria being adopted ( in addition to expected link layer transmissions & amp ; retransmissions ) in the form of incremental : ( 1 ) performance overheads and computational complexity causing inefficient use of network resources and instability of the routing algorithm , ( 2 ) throughput gains achieved with better utilization of wireless medium resources have been elaborated .
+2	However , to support the large-scale implementation often required for cross-institutional testing , it is necessary for these instruments to have question formats that facilitate easy grading .	Standardized conceptual assessment represents a widely-used tool for educational researchers interested in student learning within the standard undergraduate physics curriculum .	For example , these assessments are often used to measure student learning across educational contexts and instructional strategies .	Previously , we created a multiple-response version of an existing , validated , upper-division electrostatics diagnostic with the goal of increasing the instrument 's potential for large-scale implementation .	Here , we report on the validity and reliability of this new version as an independent instrument .
+0	We consider the effect of the \emph { Varying Speed of Light } theory on non-rotating black holes .	We show that in any varying- $ c $ theory , the Schwarzschild solution is neither static nor stationary .	For a no-charged black hole , the singularity in the Schwarzschild horizon can not be removed by coordinate transformation .	Hence , no matter can enter the horizon , and the interior part of the black hole is separated from the rest of the Universe .	If $ \dot { c } & lt ; 0 $ , then the size of the Schwarzschild radius increases with time .
+2	A connection to a result of \u { S } emrl is pointed out .	This short paper revisits a remarkable but almost overlooked result of Djokovi\ ' { c } [ Proc.Amer.Math.Soc .	27 ( 1971 ) 19-23 ] .	With Djokovi\ ' { c } 's result , an extension of Craig-Sakamoto theorem to $ k $ ( $ k\ge 2 $ ) normal matrices is presented .	A comment to a recent monthly problem is also given .
+2	To this end , a continuous-time algorithm is proposed that moves the robots so as to provide optimal coverage given the density functions as they evolve over time .	This paper presents an approach to externally influencing a team of robots by means of time-varying density functions .	These density functions represent rough references for where the robots should be located .	The developed algorithm represents an extension to previous coverage algorithms in that time-varying densities are explicitly taken into account in a provable manner .	A distributed approximation to this algorithm is moreover proposed whereby the robots only need to access information from adjacent robots .
+1	We derive the probability density function of both the relay post-processing and the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratios , and the obtained expressions are used to derive the outage probability of the analyzed system as well as its end-to-end ergodic capacity in terms of generalized functions .	In this letter , we present an end-to-end performance analysis of dual-hop project-and-forward relaying in a realistic scenario , where the source-relay and the relay-destination links are experiencing MIMO-pinhole and Rayleigh channel conditions , respectively .	Applying then the residue theory to Mellin-Barnes integrals , we infer the system asymptotic behavior for different channel parameters .	As the bivariate Meijer-G function is involved in the analysis , we propose a new and fast MATLAB implementation enabling an automated definition of the complex integration contour .	Extensive Monte-Carlo simulations are invoked to corroborate the analytical results .
+1	The filament eruption was associated with a relatively slow coronal mass ejection ( CME ) .	We analyze multi-spacecraft observations of a giant filament eruption that occurred during 26 and 27 September 2009 .	The filament consisted of a large and a small part , both parts erupted nearly simultaneously .	Here we focus on the eruption associated with the larger part of the filament .	The STEREO satellites were separated by about 117 degree during this event , so we additionally used SoHO/EIT and CORONAS/TESIS observations as a third eye ( Earth view ) to aid our measurements .
+0	There is currently an intersection in the research of game theory and cryptography .	Generally speaking , there are two aspects to this partnership .	First there is the application of game theory to cryptography .	Yet , the purpose of this paper is to focus on the second aspect , the converse of the first , the application of cryptography to game theory .	Chiefly , there exist a branch of non-cooperative games which have a correlated equilibrium as their solution .
+4	Observations concerning the detector response over sustained periods of running are reported .	The MINERvA experiment is designed to perform precision studies of neutrino-nucleus scattering using $ \nu_\mu $ and $ { \bar\nu } _\mu $ neutrinos incident at 1-20 GeV in the NuMI beam at Fermilab .	This article presents a detailed description of the \minerva detector and describes the { \em ex situ } and { \em in situ } techniques employed to characterize the detector and monitor its performance .	The detector is comprised of a finely-segmented scintillator-based inner tracking region surrounded by electromagnetic and hadronic sampling calorimetry .	The upstream portion of the detector includes planes of graphite , iron and lead interleaved between tracking planes to facilitate the study of nuclear effects in neutrino interactions .
+2	During an active phase of BL Lacertae , we searched for possible correlations and time lags between multifrequency light curves of several optical and radio bands .	We observed the prototype blazar , BL Lacertae , extensively in optical and radio bands during an active phase in the period 2010 -- 2013 when the source showed several prominent outbursts .	We searched for possible correlations and time lags between the optical and radio band flux variations using multifrequency data to learn about the mechanisms producing variability .	We tried to estimate any possible variability timescales and inter-band lags in these bands .	We performed optical observations in B , V , R and I bands from seven telescopes in Bulgaria , Georgia , Greece and India and obtained radio data at 36.8 , 22.2 , 14.5 , 8 and 4.8 GHz frequencies from three telescopes in Ukraine , Finland and USA .
+0	The cosmological evolution of neutrino energy densities driven by cosmon-type field equations is introduced assuming that active and sterile neutrinos are intrinsically connected by cosmon fields through the { \em seesaw } mechanism .	Interpreting sterile neutrinos as dark matter adiabatically coupled with dark energy results in a natural decoupling of ( active ) mass varying neutrino ( MaVaN ) equations .	Identifying the dimensionless scale of the { \em seesaw } mechanism , $ m/M $ , with a power of the cosmological scale factor , $ a $ , allows for embedding the resulting masses into the generalized Chaplygin gas ( GCG ) scenario for the dark sector .	Without additional assumptions , our findings establish a precise connection among three distinct frameworks : the cosmon field dynamics for MaVaN 's , the { \em seesaw } mechanism for dynamical mass generation and the GCG scenario .	Our results also corroborate with previous assertions that mass varying particles can be the right responsible for the stability issue and for the cosmic acceleration of the universe .
+3	The gaps close as the temperature is increased to the bulk $ T_c $ indicating that the surface accurately represents the bulk .	The superconducting compound , LiFeAs , is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy .	A gap map of the unreconstructed surface indicates a high degree of homogeneity in this system .	Spectra at 2 K show two nodeless superconducting gaps with $ \Delta_1=5.3\pm0.1 $ meV and $ \Delta_2=2.5\pm0.2 $ meV .	A dip-hump structure is observed below $ T_c $ with an energy scale consistent with a magnetic resonance recently reported by inelastic neutron scattering .
+1	Using time-evolving block decimation , we show that repulsive ( attractive ) interactions speed up ( slow down ) tunneling , which occurs in bursts .	Tunneling of a quasibound state is a non-smooth process in the entangled many-body case .	While the escape time scales exponentially with small interactions , the maximization time of the von Neumann entanglement entropy between the remaining quasibound and escaped atoms scales quadratically .	Stronger interactions require higher order corrections .	Entanglement entropy is maximized when about half the atoms have escaped .
+0	Context .	A porous and/or fractal description can generally be applied where particles have undergone coagulation into aggregates.Aims .	To characterise finite-sized , porous and fractal particles and to understand the possible limitations of these descriptions.Methods .	We use simple structure , lattice and network considerations to determine the structural properties of irregular particles.Results .	We find that , for finite-sized aggregates , the terms porosity and fractal dimension may be of limited usefulness and show with some critical and limiting assumptions , that highly-porous aggregates ( porosity & gt ; 80 % ) may not be constructable .
+4	Obtaining more accurate model-free parallax and individual masses of this system.Methods .	Context .	Despite the thorough work of van Leeuwen ( 2007 ) , the parallax of alpha Centauri is still far from being carved in stone .	Any derivation of the individual masses is therefore uncertain , if not questionable .	And yet , that does not prevent this system from being used for calibration purpose in several studies.Aims .
+3	Comparisons of the semi-analytical GLFT Stark spectra with { \it ab initio } numerical simulations yields errors in the range of a few tens of MHz , an improvement over the original Fano-Harmin theory whose errors are 10-100 times larger .	A rigorous theoretical framework is developed for a generalized local frame transformation theory ( GLFT ) .	A first test application to the photoionization spectra of Rydberg atoms in an external electric field demonstrates dramatic improvement over the first version of the local frame transformation theory developed initially by Fano and Harmin .	This revised GLFT theory yields non-trivial corrections because it now includes the full on-shell Hilbert space without adopting the truncations in the original theory .	Our analysis provides a systematic pathway to precisely describe the corresponding photoabsorption spectra that should be accurate enough to meet most modern experimental standards .
+0	The `` golden region '' in the MSSM parameter space is the region where the experimental constraints are satisfied and the amount of fine-tuning is minimized .	In this region , the stop trilinear soft term is large , leading to a significant mass splitting between the two stop mass eigenstates .	As a result , the decay of the heavier stop into the lighter stop and a Z boson is kinematically allowed throughout the golden region .	We propose that the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) can search for this decay through an inclusive signature , Z+2jb+missing Et+X .	We evaluate the Standard Model backgrounds for this channel , and identify a set of cuts that would allow detection of the supersymmetric contribution at the LHC for the MSSM parameters typical of the golden region .
+2	We observe that self-conjugate simultaneous core partitions correspond to the combinatorics of type C , and use abacus diagrams to unite the discussion of these two sets of objects .	An n-core partition is an integer partition whose Young diagram contains no hook lengths equal to n. We consider partitions that are simultaneously a-core and b-core for two relatively prime integers a and b .	These are related to abacus diagrams and the combinatorics of the affine symmetric group ( type A ) .	In particular , we prove that ( 2n ) - and ( 2mn+1 ) -core partitions correspond naturally to dominant alcoves in the m-Shi arrangement of type C_n , generalizing a result of Fishel -- Vazirani for type A .	We also introduce a major statistic on simultaneous n- and ( n+1 ) -core partitions and on self-conjugate simultaneous ( 2n ) - and ( 2n+1 ) -core partitions that yield q-analogues of the Coxeter-Catalan numbers of type A and type C. We present related conjectures and open questions on the average size of a simultaneous core partition , q-analogs of generalized Catalan numbers , and generalizations to other Coxeter groups .
+4	Gradients of the structural order parameter components , which inevitably exist in the vicinity of film surfaces due to the termination and symmetry breaking , induce improper polarization and pyroelectric response via the flexoelectric and rotostriction coupling mechanism .	The influence of the flexoelectric and rotostriction coupling on the phase diagrams of ferroelastic-quantum paraelectric SrTiO3 films was studied using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire ( LGD ) theory .	The phase diagrams in coordinates temperature - film thickness were calculated for different epitaxial misfit strains .	Tensile misfit strains stimulate appearance of the spontaneous out-of-plane structural order parameter ( displacement vector of an appropriate oxygen atom from its cubic position ) in the structural phase .	Compressive misfit strains stimulate appearance of the spontaneous in-plane structural order parameter .
+3	As a consequence , we can find the minimum degree and the maximum degree , and show that the degree must be odd .	Margalit and Schleimer constructed nontrivial roots of the Dehn twist about a nonseparating curve .	We prove that the conjugacy classes of roots of the Dehn twist about a nonseparating curve correspond to the conjugacy classes of periodic maps with certain conditions .	Futhermore , we give data set which determine the conjugacy class of a root .	Also , we give Dehn twist expression of the root of degree 3 .
+0	The origin of the quasi two-dimensional behavior of PdCoO2 and PtCoO2 is investigated by means of electronic structure calculations .	They are performed using density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation as well as the new full-potential augmented spherical wave method .	We show that the electric conductivity is carried almost exclusively by the in-plane Pd ( Pt ) d orbitals .	In contrast , the insulating CoO2 sandwich layers of octahedrally coordinated Co atoms may be regarded as charge carrier reservoirs .	This leads to a weak electronic coupling of the Pd ( Pt ) layers .
+0	We present new measurements of the total and partial fragmentation cross sections in the energy range 0.3-10 A GeV of 56Fe , 28Si and 12C beams on polyethylene , CR39 and aluminum targets .	The exposures were made at BNL , USA and HIMAC , Japan .	The CR39 nuclear track detectors were used to identify the incident and survived beams and their fragments .	The total fragmentation cross sections for all targets are almost energy independent while they depend on the target mass .	The measured partial fragmentation cross sections are also discussed .
+3	We also present a reformulation of the standard perturbation expansion using cumulants which could simplify the problem of a rigorous derivation of the Boltzmann-Peierls equation by separating the analysis of the solutions to the Boltzmann-Peierls equation from the analysis of the corrections .	We show how Wick polynomials of random variables can be defined combinatorially as the unique choice which removes all `` internal contractions '' from the related cumulant expansions , also in a non-Gaussian case .	We discuss how an expansion in terms of the Wick polynomials can be used for derivation of a hierarchy of equations for the time-evolution of cumulants .	These methods are then applied to simplify the formal derivation of the Boltzmann-Peierls equation in the kinetic scaling limit of the discrete nonlinear Schr\ '' { o } dinger equation ( DNLS ) with suitable random initial data .	This latter scheme is general and not tied to the DNLS evolution equations .
+2	This paper develops an idea ( proposed originally by Hiroyasu Ando and colleagues ) that nonradial stellar pulsations inject enough angular momentum into the upper atmosphere to spin up a Keplerian disk .	Classical Be stars are an enigmatic subclass of rapidly rotating hot stars characterized by dense equatorial disks of gas that have been inferred to orbit with Keplerian velocities .	Although these disks seem to be ejected from the star and not accreted , there is substantial observational evidence to show that the stars rotate more slowly than required for centrifugally driven mass loss .	The pulsations themselves are evanescent in the stellar photosphere , but they may be unstable to the generation of resonant oscillations at the acoustic cutoff frequency .	A detailed theory of the conversion from pulsations to resonant waves does not yet exist for realistic hot-star atmospheres , so the current models depend on a parameterized approximation for the efficiency of wave excitation .
+0	For two qubits belonging to Alice and Bob , we derive an approach to setup the bound of Bell operator in the condition that Alice and Bob continue to perform local vertical measurements .	For pure states we find that if the entanglement of the two qubits is less than 0.2644 ( measured with von Neumann entropy ) the violation of the Bell inequality will never be realized , and only when the entanglement is equal to 1 the maximal violation ( $ 2\sqrt { 2 } $ ) can occur .	For specific form of mixed states , we prove that the bound of the Bell inequality depends on the concurrence .	Only when the concurrence is greater than 0.6 the violation of the Bell inequality can occur , and the maximal violation can never be achieved .	We suggest that the bound of the Bell operator in the condition of local vertical measurements may be used as a measure of the entanglement .
+3	In case of three-dimensions we , however , find re-entrance , i. e. $ f_c ( T ) $ goes through a maximum as temperature is lowered .	We consider a model of self-avoiding walk on a lattice with on-site repulsion and an attraction for every vertex of the walk visited on the surface to study force-induced desorption of a linear polymer chain adsorbed on an attractive surface and use the exact enumeration technique for analyzing how the critical force for desorption $ f_c ( T ) $ depends on the temperature .	The curve $ f_c ( T ) $ gives the boundary separating the adsorbed phase from the desorbed phase .	Our results show that in two dimensions where surface is a line the force $ f_c ( T ) $ increases monotonically as temperature is lowered and becomes almost constant at very low temperatures .	The behaviour of the polymer chain at different values of temperature and force is examined by calculating the probability distribution of the height from the surface of the vertex at which external force is applied .
+4	Comparison of the samples with and without Zn doping proved that the superconducting gap opening is responsible for the sharp decrease of Yb $ ^ { 3+ } $ relaxation in YBa $ _ { 2 } $ Cu $ _ { 3 } $ O $ _ { 6.98 } $ .	The relaxation of Yb $ ^ { 3+ } $ in YBa $ _ { 2 } $ Cu $ _ { 3 } $ O $ _ { x } $ ( $ 6 & lt ; x & lt ; 7 $ ) was studied using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ( EPR ) .	It was found that both electronic and phononic processes contribute to the Yb $ ^ { 3+ } $ relaxation .	The phononic part of the relaxation has an exponential temperature dependence , which can be explained by a Raman process via the coupling to high-energy ( $ \sim $ 500 K ) optical phonons or an Orbach-like process via the excited vibronic levels of the Cu $ ^ { 2+ } $ ions ( localized Slonczewski-modes ) .	In a sample with a maximum oxygen doping $ x $ =6.98 , the electronic part of the relaxation follows a Korringa law in the normal state and strongly decreases below $ T_ { c } $ .
+0	In order to describe behavior of various liquid-like materials at high pressures , incompressible fluid models with pressure dependent viscosity seem to be a suitable choice .	In the context of implicit constitutive relations involving the Cauchy stress and the velocity gradient these models are consistent with standard procedures of continuum mechanics .	Understanding mathematical properties of governing equations is connected with various types of idealization , some of them lead to studies in unbounded domains .	In this paper , we first bring up several characteristic features concerning fluids with pressure dependent viscosity .	Then we study three-dimensional flows of a class of fluids with the viscosity depending on the pressure and the shear rate .
+2	Epitaxial graphene ( EG ) by contrast is grown on an essentially perfect crystalline ( semi-insulating ) surface , and graphene nanostructures with exceptional properties have been realized by a selective growth process on tailored SiC surface that requires no graphene patterning .	The development of graphene electronics requires the integration of graphene devices with Si-CMOS technology .	Most strategies involve the transfer of graphene sheets onto silicon , with the inherent difficulties of clean transfer and subsequent graphene nano-patterning that degrades considerably the electronic mobility of nanopatterned graphene .	However , the temperatures required in this structured growth process are too high for silicon technology .	Here we demonstrate a new graphene to Si integration strategy , with a bonded and interconnected compact double-wafer structure .
+0	We report parallax measurements for 70 ultracool dwarfs ( UCDs ) .	Using both literature values and our sample , we report new polynomial relations between spectral type and M $ _ { JHK } $ .	Including resolved L/T transition binaries in the relations , we find no reason to differentiate between a `` bright '' ( unresolved binary ) and `` faint '' ( single source ) sample across the L/T boundary .	Isolating early T dwarfs , we find that the brightening of T0-T4 sources is prominent in M $ _ { J } $ where there is a [ 1.2 - 1.4 ] magnitude difference .	A similar yet dampened brightening of [ 0.3 - 0.5 ] magnitude happens at M $ _ { H } $ and a plateau or dimming of [ -0.2 - -0.3 ] magnitude is seen in M $ _ { K } $ .
+1	It is assumed that the only modification of the band structure related to temperature is a dilatation change in the fundamental energy gap .	Temperature dependence of the electron spin $ g $ factors in bulk CdTe and InP are calculated and compared with experiment .	The dilatation changes of fundamental gaps are calculated for both materials using available experimental data .	Computations of the band structures in the presence of a magnetic field are carried out employing five-level { \Pp } model appropriate for medium-gap semiconductors .	In particular , the model takes into account spin splitting due to bulk inversion asymmetry ( BIA ) of the materials .
+4	Over the last few decades the theory of Kleinian groups has flourished because of its intimate connections with low dimensional topology and geometry .	In this article we survey and describe various aspects of the geometry and arithmetic of Kleinian groups - discrete nonelementary groups of isometries of hyperbolic $ 3 $ -space .	In particular we make a detailed study of two-generator groups and discuss the classification of the arithmetic generalised triangle groups ( and their near relatives ) .	This work is mainly based around my collaborations over the last two decades with Fred Gehring and Colin Maclachlan , both of whom passed away in 2012 .	There are many others involved as well .
+2	Optimization of the deflection coefficient and error exponent are considered with respect to a transmission phase parameter for a variety of sensing noise distributions including impulsive ones .	A distributed detection scheme where the sensors transmit with constant modulus signals over a Gaussian multiple access channel is considered .	The deflection coefficient of the proposed scheme is shown to depend on the characteristic function of the sensing noise and the error exponent for the system is derived using large deviation theory .	The proposed scheme is also favorably compared with existing amplify-and-forward and detect-and-forward schemes .	The effect of fading is shown to be detrimental to the detection performance through a reduction in the deflection coefficient depending on the fading statistics .
+4	On the same basis , we explore a new regime in the extended GL parameter space and find that the Lifshitz point is the point where five critical lines meet at once .	We present an extensive study on inhomogeneous chiral condensates in QCD at finite density in the chiral limit using a generalized Ginzburg-Landau ( GL ) approach .	Performing analyses on higher harmonics of one-dimensionally ( 1D ) modulated condensates , we numerically confirm the previous claim that the solitonic chiral condensate characterized by Jacobi 's elliptic function is the most favorable structure in 1D modulations .	We then investigate the possibility of realization of several multidimensional modulations within the same framework .	We also study the phase structure far away from the tricritical point by extending the GL functional expanded up to the eighth order in the order parameter and its spatial derivative .
+4	This paper describes the correct procedure and provides two examples of its implimentation in single top and Drell-Yan at the LHC .	This paper addresses the issue of production of charm or bottom quarks in association with a high pT process in hadron hadron collision .	These quarks can be produced either as part of the hard scattering process or as a remnant from the structure functions .	The latter sums terms of the type ( alpha_s log ( pT/mq ) ) ^n .	If structure functions of charm or bottom quarks are used together with a hard process which also allows production of these quarks double counting occurs .
+4	Monte Carlo tests imply that at least 95 % of these matches are genuine associations .	The high-frequency radio sky , like the gamma-ray sky surveyed by the Fermi satellite , is dominated by flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects at bright flux levels .	To investigate the relationship between radio and gamma-ray emission in extragalactic sources , we have cross-matched the Australia Telescope 20 GHz survey catalog ( AT20G ) with the Fermi-LAT 1 year Point Source Catalog ( 1FGL ) .	The 6.0 sr of sky covered by both catalogs ( { \delta } & lt ; 0\circ , |b| & gt ; 1.\circ 5 ) contains 5890 AT20G radio sources and 604 1FGL gamma-ray sources .	The AT20G source positions are accurate to within ~1 arcsec and , after excluding known Galactic sources , 43 % of Fermi 1FGL sources have an AT20G source within the 95 % Fermi confidence ellipse .
+3	In particular , we show that within a phase fluctuation model the characteristic back-turning BCS bands disappear above T_c whereas the gap remains open .	One of the most remarkable properties of the high-temperature superconductors is a pseudogap regime appearing in the underdoped cuprates above the superconducting transition temperature T_c .	The pseudogap continously develops out of the superconducting gap .	In this paper , we demonstrate by means of a detailed comparison between theory and experiment that the characteristic change of quasiparticle dispersion in crossing T_c in the underdoped cuprates can be understood as being due to phase fluctuations of the superconducting order parameter .	Furthermore , the pseudogap rather has a U-shape instead of the characteristic V-shape of a d_ { x^2-y^2 } -wave pairing symmetry and starts closing from the nodal k= ( pi/2 , pi/2 ) directions , whereas it rather fills in at the anti-nodal k= ( pi,0 ) regions , yielding further support to the phase fluctuation scenario .
+0	Conventional photovoltaic machinery , including traditional silicone panels , fails to address efficiency problems .	Recent technological advances suggest less metal-specific reliance , but plastic substrates are bound by cost-inefficiency .	Photovoltaic paint effectively dissociates from metal dependency and relies on a combination p-n junction diode principle/thermoelectric effect to generate electrical energy from solar exposure .	Replicating the junction is accomplished via multi-polymer layers of crystalline-silica water-based paint with ionic solution concentration gradient overlap , reconstructing the depletion zone and , in thermal respects , construes the thermoelectric effect via replication of a heavily modified thermocouple .	Experimentation revealed the largest gradient ( 50 % -10 % ) of ionic solution , specifically , sodium-chloride solution , per paint solution liter generated the largest electrical energy yield ( Cf .
+3	We point out that Hawking radiation is immediately robust against an invariant Planck-scale cutoff .	A disturbing aspect of Hawking 's derivation of black hole radiance is the need to invoke extreme conditions for the quantum field that originates the emitted quanta .	It is widely argued that the derivation requires the validity of the conventional relativistic field theory to arbitrarily high , trans-Planckian scales .	We stress in this note that this is not necessarily the case if the question is presented in a covariant way .	This important feature of Hawking radiation is relevant for a quantum gravity theory that preserves , in some way , the Lorentz symmetry .
+1	Starting from the early 1930s his pioneering work on the nature and behavior of cosmic rays led to fundamental contributions in the field of experimental cosmic-ray physics and laid the foundation for high-energy particle physics .	Rossi 's career paralleled the evolution of cosmic-ray physics .	After the war , under his leadership the Cosmic Ray group at MIT investigated the properties of the primary cosmic rays elucidating the processes involved in their propagation through the atmosphere , and measuring the unstable particles generated in the interactions with matter .	When accelerators came to dominate particle physics , Rossi 's attention focused on the new opportunities for exploratory investigations made possible by the availability of space vehicles .	He initiated a research program which led to the first in situ measurements of the density , speed and direction of the solar wind at the boundary of Earth 's magnetosphere and inspired the search for extra-solar X-ray sources resulting in the detection of what revealed to be the most powerful X-ray source in Earth 's skies .
+2	In this paper , we propose that the two dimensional BSPT state with $ U ( 1 ) \times U ( 1 ) $ symmetry can be realized in a bilayer graphene under an out-of-plane magnetic field , where the two U ( 1 ) symmetries stand for the total spin and total charge conservation respectively .	Bosonic symmetry protected topological ( BSPT ) states , i.e.bosonic analogue of topological insulators , have attracted enormous theoretical interests and efforts in the last few years .	Although the BSPT states have been successfully classified with various approaches , there has been no successful experimental realization of BSPT states yet in two and higher dimensions .	The Coulomb interaction plays a central role in this proposal : ( 1 ) it gaps out all the fermions at the boundary of the system , hence the remaining symmetry protected gapless boundary states only have bosonic charge and spin degrees of freedom ; ( 2 ) based on the conclusion above , we propose that the bulk quantum phase transition between the BSPT and trivial phase , which can be driven by a competition between the out-of-plane magnetic field and electric field , under strong interaction can become a `` bosonic phase transition '' , i.e.only bosonic modes close their gap at the transition .	This transition is fundamentally different from all the well-known topological-trivial transition in the free fermion topological insulators .
+2	The $ [ NiO_ { 6 } ] $ units are linked via rigid $ [ BO_ { 3 } ] $ groups and these structural particularities impose restrictions on the lattice dynamics and spin-phonon interactions .	Nickel orthoborate $ Ni_ { 3 } ( BO_ { 3 } ) _ { 2 } $ having a complex orthorhombic structure $ P_ { nnm } $ ( # 58 , Z=2 ) of the kotoite type is known for quite a long time as an antiferromagnetic material below $ T_ { N } $ = 46 K , but up to now its physical properties including the lattice dynamics have not been explored .	Six magnetic nickel $ Ni^ { 2+ } $ ions ( S=1 ) in the unit cell are distributed over the 2a and 4f positions in the centers of distorted $ [ O_ { 6 } ] $ octahedra .	We performed the symmetry analysis of the phonon modes at the center of the Brillouin zone .	The structural parameters and phonon modes were calculated using Dmol3 program .
+2	FKSI has been endorsed by the Exoplanet Community Forum 2008 as such a mission and has been costed to be within the expected budget .	The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer ( FKSI ) is a mission concept for a nulling interferometer for the near-to-mid-infrared spectral region .	FKSI is conceived as a mid-sized strategic or Probe class mission .	The current design of FKSI is a two-element nulling interferometer .	The two telescopes , separated by 12.5 m , are precisely pointed ( by small steering mirrors ) on the target star .
+1	Strong deviations from the prediction of random matrix theory can be explained quantitatively by modifying the Gaussian distribution which describes wavefunction statistics .	We show that the statistics of tunnelling can be dramatically affected by scarring and derive distributions quantifying this effect .	The modified distribution depends on classical parameters which are determined completely by linearised dynamics around a periodic orbit .	This distribution generalises the scarring theory of Kaplan [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 80 } , 2582 ( 1998 ) ] to describe the statistics of the components of the wavefunction in a complete basis , rather than overlaps with single Gaussian wavepackets .
+3	The lower bounds are obtained from a scheme based on joint encoding across the alternating states .	Interference management in a three-user interference channel with alternating connectivity with only topological knowledge at the transmitters is considered .	The network has a Wyner-type channel flavor , i.e. , for each connectivity state the receivers observe at most one interference signal in addition to their desired signal .	Degrees of freedom ( DoF ) upper bounds and lower bounds are derived .	Given a uniform distribution among the connectivity states , it is shown that the channel has 2+ 1/9 DoF .
+0	We examine the kinematic morphology of early-type galaxies ( ETGs ) in three galaxy clusters Abell 85 , 168 and 2399 .	Using data from the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph ( SAMI ) we measured spatially-resolved kinematics for 79 ETGs in these clusters .	We calculate $ \lambda_ { R } $ , a proxy for the projected specific stellar angular momentum , for each galaxy and classify the 79 ETGs in our samples as fast or slow rotators .	We calculate the fraction of slow rotators in the ETG populations ( $ f_ { SR } $ ) of the clusters to be $ 0.21\pm0.08 $ , $ 0.08\pm0.08 $ and $ 0.12\pm0.06 $ for Abell 85 , 168 and 2399 respectively , with an overall fraction of $ 0.15\pm0.04 $ .	These numbers are broadly consistent with the values found in the literature , confirming recent work asserting that the fraction of slow rotators in the ETG population is constant across many orders of magnitude in global environment .
+2	The limits on most of the $ \lambda'_ { 1jk } $ couplings derived here are stronger than the existing ones for a wide range in parameters of MSSM .	R parity violating trilinear couplings $ \lambda'_ { 1jk } $ of the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( MSSM ) are constrained from the limit on the electron neutrino mass .	Strong limits on these couplings follow from the earlier neglected contribution due to sneutrino vacuum expectation values .	These limits strongly constrain the interpretation of recent HERA results in $ e^+ p $ scattering in terms of production of squarks through $ R $ violating couplings .	In particular , the interpretation in terms of $ \tilde { t } _L $ production off strange quark as suggested recently is not viable for wide ranges in MSSM parameters .
+2	In this article we consider non-deformed as well as deformed algebraic descriptions of pairing through the reductions of sp_ { ( q ) } ( 4 ) to different realizations of u_ { ( q ) } ( 2 ) for single-j and multi-j orbitals .	A fermion realization of the compact symplectic sp ( 4 ) algebra provides a natural framework for studying isovector pairing correlations in nuclei .	While these correlations manifest themselves most clearly in the binding energies of 0^+ ground states , they also have a large effect on the energies of excited states , including especially excited 0^+ states .	The model yields a classification scheme for completely paired 0^ { + } states of even-even and odd-odd nuclei in the 1d_ { 3/2 } , 1f_ { 7/2 } , and 1f_ { 5/2 } 2p_ { 1/2 } 2p_ { 3/2 } 1g_ { 9/2 } shells .	Phenomenological non-deformed and deformed isospin-breaking Hamiltonians are expressed in terms of the generators of the dynamical symmetry groups Sp ( 4 ) and Sp_ { q } ( 4 ) .
+0	Here we report the successful synthesis of a spin- & amp ; charge-decoupled diluted magnetic semiconductor ( Ca , Na ) ( Zn , Mn ) 2As2 , crystallizing into the hexagonal CaAl2Si2 structure .	The compound shows a ferromagnetic transition with a Curie temperature up to 33 K with 10 % Na doping , which gives rise to carrier density of np~10^20 cm^-3 .	The new DMS is a soft magnetic material with HC & lt ; 400 Oe .	The anomalous Hall effect is observed below the ferromagnetic ordering temperature .	With increasing Mn doping , ferromagnetic order is accompanied by an interaction between the local spin and mobile charge , giving rise to a minimum in resistivity at low temperatures and localizing the conduction electrons .
+2	We consider Bianchi type I universe in the gravitational framework of scalar-tensor gravity and explore the general form of the scalar field potential .	The present study investigates the nature of the field potential via new technique known as reconstruction method for the scalar field potentials .	The key point of this technique is the assumption that Hubble parameter is dependent on the scalar field .	In particular , this field potential is investigated for the matter contents like barotropic fluid , the cosmological constant and Chaplygin gas .	It is concluded that for a given value of Hubble parameter , one can reconstruct the scalar potentials which can generate the cosmology motivated by these matter contents .
+3	Even in this ( seemingly trivial ) case of complete knowledge of the distributions , choosing an optimal feature subset is not straightforward .	Suppose that the only available information in a multi-class problem are expert estimates of the conditional probabilities of occurrence for a set of binary features .	The aim is to select a subset of features to be measured in subsequent data collection experiments .	In the lack of any information about the dependencies between the features , we assume that all features are conditionally independent and hence choose the Naive Bayes classifier as the optimal classifier for the problem .	We discuss the properties and implementation details of Sequential Forward Selection ( SFS ) as a feature selection procedure for the current problem .
+3	The theory naturally explains the growing specific heat jump at T_Q ( H ) with increasing magnetic field .	The quadrupolar ordering in CeB_6 is explained in terms of the electrostatic interaction of quadrupolar moments arranged into a simple cubic lattice .	The representation of magnetic and quadrupolar moments by means of quasispins of two kinds is employed .	A linear increase of the quadrupolar transition temperature T_Q ( H ) with applied magnetic field and its further re-entrance are described using a generalized spherical model which is well adjusted to a particular problem of the quadrupolar ordering in CeB_6 .	The role of the quadrupolar ordering in the formation of the magnetic ordering , as well as the possible critical experiments and applications to other rare-earth compounds , are discussed .
+0	Two solutions of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell field equations are found by means of the Horsky-Mitskievitch generating conjecture .	The vacuum limit of those obtained classes of spacetimes is the seed gamma-metric and each of the generated solutions is connected with one Killing vector of the seed spacetime .	Some of the limiting cases of our solutions are identified with already known metrics , the relations among various limits are illustrated through a limiting diagram .	We also verify our calculation through the Ernst potentials .	The existence of circular geodesics is briefly discussed in the Appendix .
+4	Elemental surface abundance predictions and stellar yields are presented for each model .	We investigate the effect of helium enrichment on the evolution and nucleosynthesis of low-mass asymptotic giant branch ( AGB ) stars of 1.7Msun and 2.36Msun with a metallicity of Z=0.0006 ( [ Fe/H ] = -1.4 ) .	We calculate evolutionary sequences with the primordial helium abundance ( Y = 0.24 ) and with helium-enriched compositions ( Y = 0.30 , 0.35 , 0.40 ) .	For comparison we calculate models of the same mass but at a lower metallicity Z=0.0003 ( [ Fe/H ] = -1.8 ) with Y=0.24 .	Post-processing nucleosynthesis calculations are performed on each of the evolutionary sequences to determine the production of elements from hydrogen through to bismuth .
+3	We prove a convergence in distribution of $ n^ { -1/4 } ( X ( T_n ) -\sqrt { 2n } \Theta ) $ towards a random mixture of Gaussian variables .	We study the asymptotic behavior af the number of cuts $ X ( T_n ) $ needed to isolate the root in a rooted binary random tree $ T_n $ with $ n $ leaves .	We focus on the case of subtrees of the Continuum Random Tree generated by uniform sampling of leaves .	We elaborate on a recent result by Abraham and Delmas , who showed that $ X ( T_n ) /\sqrt { 2n } $ converges a.s. towards a Rayleigh-distributed random variable $ \Theta $ , which gives a continuous analog to an earlier result by Janson on conditioned , finite-variance Galton-Watson trees .	The proofs use martingale limit theory for random processes defined on the CRT , related to the theory of records of Poisson point processes .
+2	Commercial and residential buildings , being the largest energy consumption group among flexible loads in microgrids , have the largest potential and flexibility to provide demand side management .	Recent communication , computation , and technology advances coupled with climate change concerns have transformed the near future prospects of electricity transmission , and , more notably , distribution systems and microgrids .	Distributed resources ( wind and solar generation , combined heat and power ) and flexible loads ( storage , computing , EV , HVAC ) make it imperative to increase investment and improve operational efficiency .	Recent advances in networked systems and the anticipated breakthroughs of the Internet of Things will enable significant advances in demand response capabilities of intelligent load network of power-consuming devices such as HVAC components , water heaters , and buildings .	In this paper , a new operating framework , called packetized direct load control ( PDLC ) , is proposed based on the notion of quantization of energy demand .
+4	Thus we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for $ X_t/\sup_ { 0 & lt ; s\le t } \Delta X_s $ and $ X_t/\sup_ { 0 & lt ; s\le t } |\Delta X_s| $ to converge in probability to 1 , or to $ \infty $ , as $ t\downarrow 0 $ , so that $ X $ is either comparable to , or dominates , its largest jump .	Distributional identities for a L\'evy process $ X_t $ , its quadratic variation process $ V_t $ , and its maximal jump processes , are derived , and used to make `` small time '' ( as $ t\downarrow 0 $ ) asymptotic comparisons between them .	The representations are constructed using properties of the underlying Poisson point process of the jumps of $ X $ .	Apart from providing insight into the connections between $ X $ , $ V $ , and their maximal jump processes , they enable investigation of a great variety of limiting behaviours .	As an application we study `` self-normalized '' versions of $ X_t $ , that is , $ X_t $ after division by $ \sup_ { 0 & lt ; s\le t } \Delta X_s $ , or by $ \sup_ { 0 & lt ; s\le t } |\Delta X_s| $ .
+2	The degree of the coupling can be controlled by adjusting the light polarization .	We report the coupling of photons from an optical fiber taper to surface plasmon modes of silver nanowires .	The launch of propagating plasmons can be realized not only at ends of the nanowires , but also at the midsection .	In addition , we present the coupling of light into multiple nanowires from a single optical fiber taper simultaneously .	Our demonstration offers a novel method for optimizing plasmon coupling into nanoscale metallic waveguides and promotes the realization of highly integrated plasmonic devices .
+3	In this paper we show that the variety X is toric , i.e.admits a locally transitive action of an algebraic torus , if and only if r is divisible by q-p. To do this we prove the following necessary and sufficient condition for an affine G/H-embedding to be toric .	In 1973 V.L.Popov classified affine SL ( 2 ) -embeddings .	He proved that a locally transitive SL ( 2 ) -action on a normal affine three-dimensional variety X is uniquely determined by a pair ( p/q , r ) , where 0 & lt ; p/q & lt ; =1 is an uncancelled fraction and r is a positive integer .	Here r is the order of the stabilizer of a generic point .	Suppose X is a normal affine variety , G is a simply connected semisimple algebraic group acting regularly on X , H is a closed subgroup of G such that the character group $ \mathfrak { X } ( H ) $ is finite and G/H - & gt ; X is a dense open equivariant embedding .
+2	Four of the HI clouds previously detected are confirmed .	Using the VLA , we have made spectral-line and continuum observations of the neutral hydrogen in the direction of the compact group of galaxies Stephan 's Quintet .	The high-velocity clouds between 5600 and 6600 km/s , the disk of the foreground galaxy , NGC 7320 , at 800 km/s , the extended continuum ridge near the center of the group , and 3 faint dwarf-like galaxies in the surrounding field were imaged with C , CS , and D arrays .	The two largest HI features are coincident with and concentrated mainly along separate large tidal tails that extend eastward .	The most diffuse of the four clouds is resolved into two clumps , one coincide with tidal features south of NGC 7318a and the other devoid of any detectable stellar or Halfa sources .
+1	This provides a method to transform every decoding algorithm of surface codes into a decoding algorithm of color codes .	We propose a new strategy to decode color codes , which is based on the projection of the error onto three surface codes .	Applying this idea to a family of hexagonal color codes , with the perfect matching decoding algorithm for the three corresponding surface codes , we find a phase error threshold of approximately 8.7 % .	Finally , our approach enables us to establish a general lower bound on the error threshold of a family of color codes depending on the threshold of the three corresponding surface codes .	These results are based on a chain complex interpretation of surface codes and color codes .
+2	In the general case , the gravitational radiation is emitted at two frequencies : $ \Omega $ and $ 2\Omega $ , where $ \Omega $ is the rotation frequency .	The gravitational wave emission by a distorted rotating fluid star is computed .	The distortion is supposed to be symmetric around some axis inclined with respect to the rotation axis .	The obtained formul\ae\ are applied to the specific case of a neutron star distorted by its own magnetic field .	Assuming that the period derivative $ \dot P $ of pulsars is a measure of their magnetic dipole moment , the gravitational wave amplitude can be related to the observable parameters $ P $ and $ \dot P $ and to a factor $ \beta $ which measures the efficiency of a given magnetic dipole moment in distorting the star .
+3	The possibility to recognize the interacting particle through the shape of the thermal pulse is then clearly a very interesting opportunity .	Among the detectors used for rare event searches , such as neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ( 0 $ \nu $ DBD ) and Dark Matter experiments , bolometers are very promising because of their favorable properties ( excellent energy resolution , high detector efficiency , a wide choice of different materials used as absorber , ... ) .	However , up to now , the actual interesting possibility to identify the interacting particle , and thus to greatly reduce the background , can be fulfilled only with a double read-out ( i.e.the simultaneous and independent read out of heat and scintillation light or heat and ionization ) .	This double read-out could greatly complicate the assembly of a huge , multi-detector array , such as CUORE and EURECA .	While detailed analyses of the signal time development in purely thermal detectors have not produced so far interesting results , similar analyses on macro-bolometers ( $ \sim $ 10-500 g ) built with scintillating crystals showed that it is possible to distinguish between an electron or $ \gamma $ -ray and an $ \alpha $ particle interaction ( i.e.the main source of background for 0 $ \nu $ DBD experiments based on the bolometric technique ) .
+3	This paper presents FPGA based implementation of MEL filter bank and BARK filter bank with different bandwidths and different signal spectrum ranges .	The sensitivity of human ear is dependent on frequency which is nonlinearly resolved across the audio spectrum .Now to improve the recognition performance in a similar non linear approach requires a front -end design , suggested by empirical evidences .	A popular alternative to linear prediction based analysis is therefore filter bank analysis since this provides a much more straightforward route to obtain the desired non-linear frequency resolution .	MEL filter bank and BARK filter bank are two popular filter bank analysis techniques .	The designs have been implemented using VHDL , simulated and verified using Xilinx 11.1.For each filter bank , the basic building block is implemented in Spartan 3E .
+3	As an application of our results , we will classify all bipartite graphs in which the second ( symbolic ) powers are Cohen-Macaulay ( resp .	Let $ I ( G ) $ be the edge ideal of a simple graph $ G $ .	In this paper , we will give sufficient and necessary combinatorial conditions of $ G $ in which the second symbolic and ordinary power of its edge ideal are Cohen-Macaulay ( resp .	Buchsbaum , generalized Cohen-Macaulay ) .	Buchsbaum , generalized Cohen-Macaulay ) .
+4	We find that although the overrelaxation algorithm does not reduce the critical slowing down , it gives an overall gain of a factor 15 over the Metropolis algorithm .	The physics of crystalline membranes , i.e.fixed-connectivity surfaces embedded in three dimensions and with an extrinsic curvature term , is very rich and of great theoretical interest .	To understand their behavior , numerical simulations are commonly used .	Unfortunately , traditional Monte Carlo algorithms suffer from very long auto-correlations and critical slowing down in the more interesting phases of the model .	In this paper we study the performance of improved Monte Carlo algorithms for simulating crystalline membrane , such as hybrid overrelaxation and unigrid methods , and compare their performance to the more traditional Metropolis algorithm .
+2	Shortward of Ly_alpha , there also are a few permitted lines of species from low to intermediate ionization .	Emission lines in quasars are believed to originate from a photoionized plasma .	There are , however , some emission features which appear to be collisionally excited , such as the FeII multiplet bands .	Ton 34 ( z=1.928 ) exhibits the steepest far-UV continuum decline known ( Fnu propto nu^ { -5.3 } ) shortward of 1050A .	This object also emits unusually strong low to intermediate excitation permitted lines shortward of the Lyman limit .
+1	From the point of view of holography these two approaches are somewhat complementary in spirit and it is not obvious why they should give the same answer in the presence of arbitrary higher derivative gravity corrections .	We examine the Euclidean action approach , as well as that of Wald , to the entropy of black holes in asymptotically $ AdS $ spaces .	For the case of the $ AdS_5 $ Schwarzschild black hole , we explicitly study the leading correction to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in the presence of a variety of higher derivative corrections studied in the literature , including the Type IIB $ R^4 $ term .	We find a non-trivial agreement between the two approaches in every case .	Finally , we give a general way of understanding the equivalence of these two approaches .
+1	We argue that the contribution of the Giddings-Strominger wormhole to the Euclidean path integral is pure imaginary .	The problem of topology change transitions in quantum gravity is discussed .	This is checked by two techniques : by the functional integral approach and by the analysis of the Wheeler-De Witt equation .	We present also a simple quantum mechanical model which shares many features of the system consisting of parent and baby universes .	In this simple model , we show that quantum coherence is completely lost and obtain the equation for the effective density matrix of the ''parent universe '' .
+4	THz detection is successfully demonstrated at frequencies up to 4.9 THz .	A whole class of two-color experiments involves intense , short Terahertz radiation pulses .	A fast detector that is sensitive and able to resolve both near-infrared and Terahertz pulses at the same time is highly desirable .	Here we present the first detector of this kind .	The detector element is a GaAs-based field effect transistor operated at room temperature .
+3	This is motivated by the indefinite inner product space structure appearing in the above context and generalizes results of Morchio and Strocchi [ J.Math.Phys .	This extended write-up of a talk gives an introductory survey of mathematical problems of the quantization of gauge systems .	Using the Schwinger model as an exactly tractable but nontrivial example which exhibits general features of gauge quantum field theory , I cover the following subjects : The axiomatics of quantum field theory , formulation of quantum field theory in terms of Wightman functions , reconstruction of the state space , the local formulation of gauge theories , indefiniteness of the Wightman functions in general and in the special case of the Schwinger model , the state space of the Schwinger model , special features of the model .	New results are contained in the Mathematical Appendix , where I consider in an abstract setting the Pontrjagin space structure of a special class of indefinite inner product spaces - the so called quasi-positive ones .	31 ( 1990 ) 1467 ] , and Dubin and Tarski [ J.Math.Phys .
+1	It is essential in order to construct Triad operators that enter the Hamiltonian constraint and which become densely defined operators on the full Hilbert space even though in the classical theory the triad becomes singular when classical GR breaks down .	The volume operator plays a pivotal role for the quantum dynamics of Loop Quantum Gravity ( LQG ) .	The expression for the volume and triad operators derives from the quantisation of the fundamental electric flux operator of LQG by a complicated regularisation procedure .	In fact , there are two inequivalent volume operators available in the literature and , moreover , both operators are unique only up to a finite , multiplicative constant which should be viewed as a regularisation ambiguity .	Now on the one hand , classical volumes and triads can be expressed directly in terms of fluxes and this fact was used to construct the corresponding volume and triad operators .
+2	These representatives are closely related to the shifted Grothendieck polynomials of Ikeda and Naruse .	Patrias and Pylyavskyy introduced shifted Hecke insertion as an application of their theory of dual filtered graphs .	We use shifted Hecke insertion to construct symmetric function representatives for the K-theory of the orthogonal Grassmannian .	We then recover the K-theory structure coefficients of Clifford-Thomas-Yong/Buch-Samuel by introducing a shifted K-theoretic Poirier-Reutenauer algebra .	Our proofs depend on the theory of shifted K-theoretic jeu de taquin and the weak K-Knuth relations .
+0	The kinematical formalism for describing spinning particles developped by the author is based upon the idea that an elementary particle is a physical system with no excited states .	It can be annihilated by the interaction with its antiparticle but , if not destroyed , its internal structure can never be modified .	All possible states of the particle are just kinematical modifications of any one of them .	The kinematical state space of the variational formalism of an elementary particle is necessarily a homogeneous space of the kinematical group of spacetime symmetries .	By assuming Poincare invariance we have already described a model of a classical spinning particle which satisfies Dirac 's equation when quantized .
+1	The angular momentum losses due to magnetic braking and gravitational wave radiation are included .	Several evolutionary sequences with low -- mass secondaries ( $ M_d $ =1.25 , 1.5 and 1.7 $ M_\odot $ ) and black hole accretors ( $ M_ { bh } $ =5 and 10 $ M_\odot $ ) are calculated .	Using full nuclear networks ( p -- p and CNO cycles ) we follow carefully the evolution of the surface composition of the secondary star .	We find that the surface chemical composition of the secondary star may give additional information which helps to understand the formation of soft X-ray transients with black holes as accretors .	We show that observations of isotope ratios $ ^ { 12 } C/^ { 13 } C $ , $ ^ { 14 } N/^ { 15 } N $ and $ ^ { 16 } O/^ { 17 } O $ with comparison to computed sequences allow estimates independent from spectroscopy of the mass of the secondary component .
+3	C , on the weight , diameter and structural morphology of the nanofibres .	Homogenous graphitic nanofibres ( GNFs ) have been synthesised by heat treatment of electrospun polyacrylonitrile in dimethylsulphoxide , offering a new solution route of low toxicity to manufacture sub-60 nm diameter GNFs .	Fibre beading resulting from the spinning of low-concentration polymer solutions can be reduced with the addition of surfactant or sodium chloride .	Characterisation techniques including X-ray diffraction , scanning- and transmission electron microscopy have been used to quantify the effect of the graphitisation process , by heat treatment up to 3000 deg .	The GNFs have an entangled micro-fibril structure with graphitic ordering of up to 40 graphene layers after treatment at 3000 deg .
+2	Transport characteristics and noise power are calculated in two response regimes : linear and nonlinear , respectively .	Coherent electron transport is investigated in a molecular device made of polymeric chain sandwiched between two metallic electrodes .	Molecular system is described by a simple Huckel model , while the coupling to the electrodes is treated through the use of Newns-Anderson chemisorption theory .	Here is shown a strong dependence of the shot noise on : ( i ) the length of the polymeric chain and ( ii ) the strength of the molecule-to-electrodes coupling .	In particular , detailed discussion of Poissonian to sub-Poissonian crossover in the noise spectra is included .
+3	This creates a need for alternative channel estimation schemes for increasingly large transmit arrays .	Training sequences are designed to probe wireless channels in order to obtain channel state information for block-fading channels .	Optimal training sounds the channel using orthogonal beamforming vectors to find an estimate that optimizes some cost function , such as mean square error .	As the number of transmit antennas increases , however , the training overhead becomes significant .	In this work , we relax the orthogonal restriction on sounding vectors .
+2	Here we attempt to formulate the counterterm action directly in ten dimensions for a particular class of solutions , the $ { \cal N } = 0 $ Polchinski-Strassler solutions , which are dual to an $ { \cal N } =4 $ SYM theory perturbed by mass terms for all scalars and spinors .	The singularity structure of many IIB supergravity solutions asymptotic to $ AdS_5 \times S^5 $ becomes clearer when one considers the full ten dimensional solution rather than the dimensionally reduced solution of gauged supergravity .	It has been shown that all divergences in the gravitational action of the dimensionally reduced spacetime can be removed by the addition of local counterterms on the boundary .	This involves constructing the solution perturbatively near the boundary .	There is a contribution to the Weyl anomaly from the mass terms ( which break the classical conformal invariance of the action ) .
+0	Models for the characteristically soft X-ray spectrum of the compact X-ray source V1498 Aql ( =4U 1957+11 ) have ranged from optically thick Comptonization to multicolor accretion disk models .	We critically examine the X-ray spectrum of V1408 Aql via archival Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics ( ASCA ) data , archival Roentgensatellit ( ROSAT ) data , and recent Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) data .	Although we are able to fit a variety of X-ray spectral models to these data , we favor an interpretation of the X-ray spectrum as being due to an accretion disk viewed at large inclination angles .	Evidence for this hypothesis includes long term ( 117 day , 235 day , 352 day ) periodicities seen by the RXTE All Sky Monitor ( ASM ) , which we interpret as being due to a warped precessing disk , and a 1 keV feature in the ASCA data , which we interpret as being the blend of L fluorescence features from a disk atmosphere or wind .	We also present timing analysis of the RXTE data and find upper limits of 4 % for the root mean square ( rms ) variability between f=0.001-16 Hz .
+3	Erd\H { o } s offered \ $ 100 for deciding if one exists with less than $ 10^ { 10 } $ vertices .	In 1967 , Erd\H { o } s and Hajnal asked the question : Does there exist a $ K_4 $ -free graph that is not the union of two triangle-free graphs ?	Finding such a graph involves solving a special case of the classical Ramsey arrowing operation .	Folkman proved the existence of these graphs in 1970 , and they are now called Folkman graphs .	This problem remained open until 1988 when Spencer , in a seminal paper using probabilistic techniques , proved the existence of a Folkman graph of order $ 3\times 10^9 $ ( after an erratum ) , without explicitly constructing it .
+2	The estimates are performed for the scalar wave equation and the Schr\ '' odinger equation .	This work is concerned with the accuracy of Gaussian beam superpositions , which are asymptotically valid high frequency solutions to linear hyperbolic partial differential equations and the Schr\ '' odinger equation .	We derive Sobolev and max norms estimates for the difference between an exact solution and the corresponding Gaussian beam approximation , in terms of the short wavelength $ \varepsilon $ .	Our result demonstrates that a Gaussian beam superposition with $ k $ -th order beams converges to the exact solution as $ O ( \varepsilon^ { k/2-s } ) $ in order $ s $ Sobolev norms .	This result is valid in any number of spatial dimensions and it is unaffected by the presence of caustics in the solution .
+0	In this paper , we propose a novel powerful strategy to perform searches for new electroweak states .	Uncolored electroweak states appear in generic extensions of the Standard Model ( SM ) and yet are challenging to discover at hadron colliders .	This problem is particularly acute when the lightest state in the electroweak multiplet is neutral and all multiplet components are approximately degenerate .	In this scenario , production of the charged fields of the multiplet is followed by decay into nearly invisible states ; if this decay occurs promptly , the only way to infer the presence of the reaction is through its missing energy signature .	Our proposal relies on emission of photon radiation from the new charged states as a means of discriminating the signal from SM backgrounds .
+4	The approximation yields the dependences $ \sigma_ { 1_\mathrm { DC } } \propto1/T_i^ { 0.25 } $ and $ K\propto T_e/T_i^ { 0.25 } $ for the static electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity , respectively .	This work is devoted to the investigation of transport and optical properties of liquid aluminum in the two-temperature case .	At first optical properties , static electrical and thermal conductivities were obtained in the \textit { ab initio } calculation .	The \textit { ab initio } calculation is based on the quantum molecular dynamics , density functional theory and the Kubo-Greenwood formula .	The semiempirical approximation was constructed based on the results of the \textit { ab initio } caculation .
+1	On the other hand , WSNs are observed to collect spatially or temporally correlated data which should be taken into account for the optimum packet scheduling in an energy harvesting system .	The lifetime and the sustainability of the wireless sensor networks ( WSNs ) can be increased with energy harvesting transmitters utilizing optimum packet scheduling .	However , the solutions available for 2-user multiple-access channel ( MAC ) systems with energy harvesting transmitters do not consider the common data or the correlation among the data .	In this paper , optimal packet scheduling for energy harvesting 2-user Gaussian MAC with common data is achieved by assuming deterministic knowledge of the data and energy packets , i.e. , offline solution .	The optimum departure region is found by using Karush- Kuhn-Tucker ( KKT ) conditions generalizing the solutions obtained for the MAC without common data .
+3	There are finite many graph with non-unique decomposition .	The ideal ( tagged resp . )	triangulation of bounded surface with marked points are associated with skew-symmetric ( skew-symmetrizable ) exchange matrices .	An algo- rithm is established to decompose the graph associated to such matrix .	We find all such graphs and their decompositions .
+3	C : Solid State Phys .	In an earlier paper [ K. K. Saha and A. Mookerjee , Phys.Rev .	B 70 ( 2004 ) ( in press ) or , cond-mat/0403456 ] we had presented a formulation for the calculation of the configuration-averaged optical conductivity in random alloys .	Our formulation is based on the augmented-space theorem introduced by one of us [ A. Mookerjee , J. Phys .	6 , 1340 ( 1973 ) ] .
+2	The models account for the coupled effect of photoionization and shocks .	The observations of FIR line and continuum spectra throughout the Galactic centre and in some regions of the disc are analysed in order to determine the physical conditions ( densities , shock velocities , radiation parameters , etc . )	and the relative abundances of some elements ( C , N , and O ) .	Consistent model calculations of the line and continuum spectra show that , although the radiation from the stars dominates , an active galactic nucleus ( AGN ) is clearly present , with a radiation maximum in the Sgr A* region .	The flux , similar to that found for low luminosity AGN ( LLAGN ) , is lower by a factor of about 100 than that of AGN .
+1	Usually , this research is limited to field stars , which offer several advantages and limitations .	Solar analogues are fundamental targets for a better understanding of our Sun and our Solar System .	In this work , we present the results of a research of solar twins performed for the first time in a open cluster , namely M67 .	Our analysis allowed us to find five solar twins and also to derive a solar colour of ( B-V ) 0=0.649+/-0.016 and a cluster distance modulus of 9.63+/-0.08 .	This study encourages us to apply the same method to other open clusters , and to do further investigations for planet search in the solar twins we find .
+1	Competition between surface tension and electron-shell effects leads to a rich stability diagram , with fingers of stability extending to extremely high temperatures for certain magic conductance values .	The surface dynamics and thermodynamics of metal nanowires are investigated in a continuum model .	The linearized dynamics of the nanowire 's surface are investigated , including both acoustic surface phonons and surface self-diffusion of atoms .	On the stability boundary , the surface exhibits critical fluctuations , and the nanowire becomes inhomogeneous .	Some stability fingers coalesce at higher temperatures , or exhibit overhangs , leading to reentrant behavior .
+1	The distributions of degrees and node strengthes are scale-free .	We have performed a detailed investigation on the world investment networks constructed from the Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey ( CPIS ) data of the International Monetary Fund , ranging from 2001 to 2006 .	The weight distributions can be well modeled by the Weibull distribution .	The maximum flow spanning trees of the world investment networks possess two universal allometric scaling relations , independent of time and the investment type .	The topological scaling exponent is $ 1.17\pm0.02 $ and the flow scaling exponent is $ 1.03\pm0.01 $ .
+0	An origami ( also known as square-tiled surface ) is a Riemann surface covering a torus with at most one branch point .	Lifting two generators of the fundamental group of the punctured torus decomposes the surface into finitely many unit squares .	By varying the complex structure of the torus one obtains easily accessible examples of Teichm\ '' uller curves in the moduli space of Riemann surfaces .	The p-adic analogues of Riemann surfaces are Mumford curves .	A p-adic origami is defined as a covering of Mumford curves with at most one branch point , where the bottom curve has genus one .
+2	The fundamental properties of this equation , like the Lorentz covariance and the continuity equation for the probability density are verified .	We consider the consistent deformation of the relativistic quantum mechanics introducing the noncommutativity of the space-time and preserving the Lorentz symmetry .	The relativistic wave equation describing the spinning particle on coordinate dependent noncommutative space-time ( noncommutative Dirac equation ) is proposed .	To this end using the properties of the star product we derive the corresponding probability current density and prove its conservation .	The energy-momentum tensor for the free noncommutative spinor field is calculated .
+0	In Bioinformatics , text mining and text data mining sometimes interchangeably used is a process to derive high-quality information from text .	Perl Status Reporter ( SRr ) is a data fetching tool from a flat text file and in this research paper we illustrate the use of SRr in text or data mining .	SRr needs a flat text input file where the mining process to be performed .	SRr reads input file and derives the high quality information from it .	Typically text mining tasks are text categorization , text clustering , concept and entity extraction , and document summarization .
+1	There is a demand for tools which enable the extraction of meaningful information and allow the comparison between different systems .	The widespread relevance of complex networks is a valuable tool in the analysis of a broad range of systems .	We present a novel measure of similarity between nodes in different networks as a generalization of the concept of self-similarity .	A similarity matrix is assembled as the distance between feature vectors that contain the in and out paths of all lengths for each node .	Hence , nodes operating in a similar flow environment are considered similar regardless of network membership .
+3	Moreover in the $ g=1 $ case the relations between their phase spaces , and therefore between their quantizations , are given in almost the same form as that in the case when the cosmological constant vanishes .	Two canonical formulations of the Einstein gravity in 2+1 dimensions , namely , the ADM formalism and the Chern-Simons gravity , are investigated in the case of nonvanishing cosmological constant .	General arguments for reducing phase spaces of the two formalisms are given when spatial hypersurface is compact .	In particular when the space has the topology of a sphere $ S^ { 2 } $ or a torus $ T^ { 2 } $ , the spacetimes constructed from these two formulations can be identified and the classical equivalence between the ADM and the CSG is shown .	There are , however , some modifications , the most remarkable one of which is that the phase space of the CSG is in 1 to 2 correspondence with the one of the ADM when the cosmological constant is negative .
+1	They are labelled by a pair $ a , b $ of positive integers , and geometrically related to $ \mathbf { Z } _a\times\mathbf { Z } _b $ orbifolds of local $ \mathbf { CP } ^1 $ geometry of the $ \mathcal { O } ( 0 ) \oplus\mathcal { O } ( -2 ) $ and $ \mathcal { O } ( -1 ) \oplus\mathcal { O } ( -1 ) $ types .	Orbifold generalizations of the ordinary and modified melting crystal models are introduced .	The partition functions have a fermionic expression in terms of charged free fermions .	With the aid of shift symmetries in a fermionic realization of the quantum torus algebra , one can convert these partition functions to tau functions of the 2D Toda hierarchy .	The powers $ L^a , \bar { L } ^ { -b } $ of the associated Lax operators turn out to take a special factorized form that defines a reduction of the 2D Toda hierarchy .
+2	Thus , attractive protein-protein interactions of non-electrostatic origin must act to enable the capsid formation .	We examine the role of electrostatic interactions in the assembly of empty spherical viral capsids .	The charges on the protein subunits that make the viral capsid mutually interact and are expected to yield electrostatic repulsion acting against the assembly of capsids .	We investigate whether the interplay of repulsive electrostatic and attractive interactions between the protein subunits can result in the formation of spherical viral capsids of a preferred radius .	For this to be the case , we find that the attractive interactions must depend on the angle between the neighboring protein subunits ( i.e.on the mean curvature of the viral capsid ) so that a particular angle ( s ) is ( are ) preferred energywise .
+4	We extract the average size of the ordered moment as a function of doping , and show that a model in which the order remains commensurate but with local amplitude variations in the vicinity of the dopant fully explains our observations .	We report $ ^ { 75 } $ As NMR measurements in BaFe $ _2 $ As $ _2 $ doped with Ni .	Like Co , Ni doping suppresses the antiferromagnetic and structural phase transitions and gives rise to superconductivity for sufficiently large Ni doping .	The spin lattice relaxation rate diverges at $ T_N $ , with a critical exponent consistent with 3D ordering of local moments .	In the ordered state the spectra quickly broaden inhomogeneously with doping .
+3	For example , for strong magnetic field \lambda_n = C \exp { ( -\pi \tau_0 n ) } , here \tau_0 & gt ; 0 and C & gt ; 0 depend on the anisotropy and the magnetic field .	We consider the reduced density matrix of a large block of consecutive spins in the ground states of the XY spin chain on an infinite lattice .	We derive the spectrum of the density matrix using the expression of the Renyi entropy in terms of modular functions .	The eigenvalues \lambda_n form an exact geometric sequence .	Different eigenvalues are degenerated differently .
+1	The well-known particular cases of this system are zero-pressure gas dynamics in a standard form $ $ \rho_t + \nabla\cdot ( \rho U ) =0 , \quad ( \rho U ) _t + \nabla\cdot ( \rho U\otimes U ) =0 , $ $ and in the relativistic form $ $ \rho_t + \nabla\cdot ( \rho C ( U ) ) =0 , \quad ( \rho U ) _t + \nabla\cdot ( \rho U\otimes C ( U ) ) =0 , $ $ where $ C ( U ) =\frac { c_0U } { \sqrt { c_0^2+|U|^2 } } $ , $ c_0 $ is the speed of light .	{ \it $ \delta $ -Shock wave type solutions } in the multidimensional system of conservation laws $ $ \rho_t + \nabla\cdot ( \rho F ( U ) ) =0 , \qquad ( \rho U ) _t + \nabla\cdot ( \rho N ( U ) ) =0 , \quad x\in \bR^n , $ $ are studied , where $ F= ( F_j ) $ is a given vector field , $ N= ( N_ { jk } ) $ is a given tensor field , $ F_j , N_ { kj } : \bR^n \to \bR $ , $ j , k=1 , ... , n $ ; $ \rho ( x , t ) \in \bR $ , $ U ( x , t ) \in \bR^n $ .	We introduce the integral identities which constitute definition of $ \delta $ -shocks for the above systems and using this definition derive the Rankine -- Hugoniot conditions for curvilinear $ \delta $ -shocks .	We show that $ \delta $ -shocks are connected with { \em transportation processes and concentration processes } and derive the $ \delta $ -shock balance laws describing mass and momentum transportation between the volume outside the wave front and the wave front .	In the case of zero-pressure gas dynamics the transportation process is the concentration process .
+0	We consider a class of generalized capital asset pricing models in continuous time with a finite number of agents and tradable securities .	The securities may not be sufficient to span all sources of uncertainty .	If the agents have exponential utility functions and the individual endowments are spanned by the securities , an equilibrium exists and the agents ' optimal trading strategies are constant .	Affine processes , and the theory of information-based asset pricing are used to model the endogenous asset price dynamics and the terminal payoff .	The derived semi-explicit pricing formulae are applied to numerically analyze the impact of the agents ' risk aversion on the implied volatility of simultaneously-traded European-style options .
+1	In the first paper , I worked out the extended actions of the twisted sectors of these orbifolds -- which exhibit new permutation-twisted world-sheet gravities and correspondingly extended diffeomorphism groups .	This is the second in a series of papers which consider the orbifolds of permutation-type as candidates for new physical string systems at higher central charge .	In this paper I begin the study of these systems as operator string theories , limiting the discussion for simplicity to the strings with $ { \hat c } = 52 $ matter ( which are those governed by $ { \mathbb Z } _2 $ -twisted permutation gravity ) .	In particular , I present here a construction of the twisted reparametrization ghosts and { \em new twisted BRST systems } of all $ { \hat c } = 52 $ strings .	The twisted BRST systems also imply new { \em extended physical state conditions } , whose analysis for individual $ { \hat c } = 52 $ strings is deferred to the next paper of the series .
+3	Spectral analysis techniques were applied to search for the presence of a gamma-ray signal from the Crab pulsar over the energy band 250 GeV to 4 TeV .	We present the results of a search for pulsed TeV emission from the Crab pulsar using the Whipple Observatory 's 10 m gamma-ray telescope .	The direction of the Crab pulsar was observed for a total of 73.4 hours between 1994 November and 1997 March .	During this period the Whipple 10 m telescope was operated at its lowest energy threshold to date .	We do not see any evidence of the 33 ms pulsations present in other energy bands from the Crab pulsar .
+4	Firstly , a numerical approach is used to project the governing equations onto a divergence-free basis , thus converting a system of differential-algebraic equations into one of ordinary differential equations .	This paper addresses the problem of obtaining low-order models of fluid flows for the purpose of designing robust feedback controllers .	This is challenging since whilst many flows are governed by a set of nonlinear , partial differential-algebraic equations ( the Navier-Stokes equations ) , the majority of established control theory assumes models of much greater simplicity , in that they are firstly : linear , secondly : described by ordinary differential equations , and thirdly : finite-dimensional .	Linearisation , where appropriate , overcomes the first disparity , but attempts to reconcile the remaining two have proved difficult .	This paper addresses these two problems as follows .
+1	The mean period-change rates ( \beta \approx 0.01 d Myr^-1 ) of the subsamples of variables exhibiting the most regular behaviour are in good agreement with theoretical expectations based on Horizontal-Branch stellar evolution models .	The period-change behaviour of 134 RR Lyrae stars in the globular cluster Messier 3 ( M3 ) is investigated on the ~120-year time base of the photometric observations .	However , a large fraction of variables show period changes that contradict the evolutionary expectations .	Among the 134 stars studied , the period-change behaviour of only 54 variables is regular ( constant or linearly changing ) , slight irregularities are superimposed on the regular variations in 23 cases and the remaining 57 stars display irregular period variations .	The light curve of ~50 per cent of the RRab stars is not stable , i.e. , these variables exhibit Blazhko modulation .
+2	The focus of this paper is the design of a systematic MDS code with the additional property that a single disk failure can be repaired with minimum repair bandwidth , i.e. , with the minimum possible amount of data to be downloaded for recovery of the failed disk .	It is well known that an ( n , k ) code can be used to store 'k ' units of information in 'n ' unit-capacity disks of a distributed data storage system .	If the code used is maximum distance separable ( MDS ) , then the system can tolerate any ( n-k ) disk failures , since the original information can be recovered from any k surviving disks .	Previously , a lower bound of ( n-1 ) / ( n-k ) units has been established by Dimakis et .	al , on the repair bandwidth for a single disk failure in an ( n , k ) MDS code .
+3	In this case , the direction of the incommensurate spin density wave propagation can point anywhere , while the magnetic moment is aligned along the direction of propagation .	We explore the ferromagnetic quantum critical point in a three-dimensional semimetallic system with upward- and downward-dispersing bands touching at the Fermi level .	Evaluating the static spin susceptibility to leading order in the coupling between the fermions and the fluctuating ferromagnetic order parameter , we find that the ferromagnetic quantum critical point is masked by an incommensurate , longitudinal spin density wave phase .	We first analyze an idealized model which , despite having strong spin-orbit coupling , still possesses O ( 3 ) rotational symmetry generated by the total angular momentum operator .	Including symmetry-allowed anisotropies in the fermion dispersion and the coupling to the order parameter field , however , the ordering wavevector instead breaks a discrete symmetry and aligns along either the [ 111 ] or [ 100 ] direction , depending on the signs and magnitudes of these two types of anisotropy .
+2	Studying both , we look for final states comprising at least one lepton , jets and missing transverse energy .	At the LHC , the Littlest Higgs Model with $ T $ -parity is characterised by various production channels .	If the $ T $ -odd quarks are heavier than the exotic partners of the $ W $ and the $ Z $ , then associated production can be as important as the pair-production of the former .	We consider all the SM processes that could conspire to contribute as background to our signals , and perform a full detector level simulation of the signal and background to estimate the discovery potential at the current run as well as at the scheduled upgrade of the LHC .	We also show that , for one of the channels , the reconstruction of two tagged $ b $ -jets at the Higgs mass $ ( M_h = 125~ { \rm GeV } ) $ provides us with an unambiguous hint for this model .
+4	One additional pointing was directed at a similar object near M33 .	We have undertaken high-resolution follow-up of a sample of high velocity HI clouds apparently associated with M31 .	Our sample was chosen from the population of high-velocity clouds ( HVCs ) detected out to 50 kpc projected radius of the Andromeda Galaxy by Thilker et al .	( 2004 ) with the Green Bank Telescope .	Nine pointings were observed with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope to determine the physical parameters of these objects and to find clues to their origin .
+1	The continuation approach computes all of the complex stationary points of this model while the matrix approach computes the real stationary points .	Motivated by the recently observed phenomenon of topology trivialization of potential energy landscapes ( PELs ) for several statistical mechanics models , we perform a numerical study of the finite size $ 2 $ -spin spherical model using both numerical polynomial homotopy continuation and a reformulation via non-hermitian matrices .	Using these methods , we compute the average number of stationary points while changing the topology of the PEL as well as the variance .	Histograms of these stationary points are presented along with an analysis regarding the complex stationary points .	This work connects topology trivialization to two different branches of mathematics : algebraic geometry and catastrophe theory , which is fertile ground for further interdisciplinary research .
+1	We estimate the depth of such a precursor under conditions of nonresonant amplification , which can provide magnetic field strengths comparable to those inferred for supernova remnants .	We investigate the observability , by direct and indirect means , of a shock precursor arising from magnetic field amplification by cosmic rays .	Magnetic field generation occurs as the streaming cosmic rays induce a plasma return current , and may be quenched either by nonresonant or resonant channels .	In the case of nonresonant saturation , the cosmic rays become magnetized and amplification saturates at higher magnetic fields .	The precursor can extend out to $ 10^ { 17 } - 10^ { 18 } $ cm and is potentially detectable .
+1	The $ f^q $ -minimal martingale measure $ Q_q $ is defined as that equivalent local martingale measure for $ \mathcal { E } ( L ) $ which minimizes the $ f^q $ -divergence $ E [ ( dQ/dP ) ^q ] $ for fixed $ q\in ( -\infty,0 ) \cup ( 1 , \infty ) $ .	Let $ L $ be a multidimensional L\'evy process under $ P $ in its own filtration .	We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of $ Q_q $ and an explicit formula for its density .	For $ q=2 $ , we relate the sufficient conditions to the structure condition and discuss when the former are also necessary .	Moreover , we show that $ Q_q $ converges for $ q\searrow1 $ in entropy to the minimal entropy martingale measure .
+2	In absence of magnetic field , thermopower increases and thermal conductivity decreases with increase of the hybridization energy .	Thermoelectric coefficients of an ultra-thin topological insulator are presented here .	The hybridization between top and bottom surface states of a topological insulator plays a significant role .	In presence of magnetic field perpendicular to the ultra-thin topological insulator , thermoelectric coefficients exhibit quantum oscillations with inverse magnetic field , whose frequency is strongly modified by the Zeeman energy and phase factor is governed by the product of the Lande g-factor and the hybridization energy .	In addition to the numerical results , the low-temperature approximate analytical results of the thermoelectric coefficients are also provided .
+3	Above the transition temperature of the bulk the total magnetic susceptibility has contributions from many wave-vector- and ( Matsubara ) frequency-dependent order parameter fluctuations .	The interaction-induced orbital magnetic response of a nanoscale ring is evaluated for a diffusive system which is a superconductor in the bulk .	The interplay of the renormalized Coulomb and Fr\ '' { o } hlich interactions is crucial .	The magnetic susceptibility which results from the fluctuations of the uniform superconducting order parameter is diamagnetic ( paramagnetic ) when the renormalized combined interaction is attractive ( repulsive ) .	Each of these contributions results from a different renormalization of the relevant coupling energy , when one integrates out the fermionic degrees of freedom .
+4	We also show that a high concentration towards the stationary measure is impossible , by proving that the rate function that governs the LDP can not have the trivial form ( i.e. , vanish on the stationary measure and be infinite elsewhere ) .	We consider the damped nonlinear wave ( NLW ) equation driven by a spatially regular white noise .	Assuming that the noise is non-degenerate in all Fourier modes , we establish a large deviations principle ( LDP ) for the occupation measures of the trajectories .	The lower bound in the LDP is of a local type , which is related to the weakly dissipative nature of the equation and seems to be new in the context of randomly forced PDE 's .	The proof is based on an extension of methods developed in \cite { JNPS-2012 } and \cite { JNPS-2014 } in the case of kick forced dissipative PDE 's with parabolic regularisation property such as , for example , the Navier-Stokes system and the complex Ginzburg-Landau equations .
+1	Here the processes are indexed so that the variance of the fluctuations of $ X_t^N $ is inversely proportional to N. The simplest example arises from the OK Corral gunfight model which was formulated by Williams and McIlroy [ Bull.London Math.Soc .	We consider sequences $ ( X_t^N ) _ { t\geq0 } $ of Markov processes in two dimensions whose fluid limit is a stable solution of an ordinary differential equation of the form $ \dot { x } _t=b ( x_t ) $ , where $ b ( x ) = { \pmatrix { -\mu 0 0 \lambda } } x+\tau ( x ) $ for some $ \lambda , \mu & gt ; 0 $ and $ \tau ( x ) =O ( |x|^2 ) $ .	30 ( 1998 ) 166 -- 170 ] and studied by Kingman [ Bull.London Math.Soc .	31 ( 1999 ) 601 -- 606 ] .	These processes exhibit their most interesting behavior at times of order $ \log N $ so it is necessary to establish a fluid limit that is valid for large times .
+2	One of these quotients , which is finite dimensional , has a universal R-matrix .	Invertible universal R-matrices of quantum Lie algebras do not exist at roots of unity .	There exist however quotients for which intertwiners of tensor products of representations always exist , i.e.R-matrices exist in the representations .	In this paper , we answer the following question : on which condition are the different quotients of U_q ( sl ( 2 ) ) ( Hopf ) -equivalent ?	In the case when they are equivalent , the universal R-matrix of one can be transformed into a universal R-matrix of the other .
+0	A problem of monoenergetic particles pulse reflection from half-infinite stratified medium is considered in conditions of elastic scattering with absorbtion account .	The theory is based on multiple scattering series solution of Kolmogorov equation for one-particle distribution function .	The analytical representation for first two terms are given in compact form for a point impulse source and cylindric symmetrical detector .	Reading recent articles on the LIDAR sounding of environment ( e.g.Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics ( 2010 ) 23 : 389-395 , Kaul , B. V. ; Samokhvalov , I. V. http : //www.springerlink.com/content/k3p2p3582674xt21/ ) one recovers standing interest to the related direct and inverse problems .	A development of the result fo the case of n-fold scattering and polarization account as well as correspondent convergence series problem solution of the Kolmogorov equation will be published in nearest future .
+4	The latter exhibit the same negative intraband plasmon dispersion as found in the simple metals .	We present a comprehensive study of plasmon dispersions in simple metals and Heusler compounds based on an accurate ab-initio evaluation of the momentum and frequency dependent dielectric function in the random-phase approximation .	Using a momentum-dependent tetrahedron method for the computation of the dielectric function , we extract and analyze `` full '' and `` intraband '' plasmon dispersions : The `` full '' plasma dispersion is obtained by including all bands , the intraband plasma dispersion by including only intraband transitions .	For the simple metals silver and alu- minum , we show that the intraband plasmon dispersion has an unexpected downward slope and is therefore markedly different from the results of an effective-mass electron-gas model and the full plasmon dispersion .	For the two Heusler compounds Co2FeSi and Co2MnSi , we present spectra for the dielectric function , their loss functions and plasmon dispersions .
+3	In this paper we continue the study of these sets .	Motivated by iterative decoding techniques for the binary erasure channel Hollmann and Tolhuizen introduced and studied the notion of generic erasure correcting sets for linear codes .	A generic $ ( r , s ) $ -- erasure correcting set generates for all codes of codimension $ r $ a parity check matrix that allows iterative decoding of all correctable erasure patterns of size $ s $ or less .	The problem is to derive bounds on the minimum size $ F ( r , s ) $ of generic erasure correcting sets and to find constructions for such sets .	We derive better lower and upper bounds .
+2	New intermediate-mass Z = 0.0001 AGB models are also presented , along with a finer mass grid than used in previous studies .	An updated grid of stellar yields for low to intermediate-mass thermally-pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch ( AGB ) stars are presented .	The models cover a range in metallicity Z = 0.02 , 0.008 , 0.004 , and 0.0001 , and masses between 1Msun to 6Msun .	The yields are computed using an updated reaction rate network that includes the latest NeNa and MgAl proton capture rates , with the main result that between ~6 to 30 times less Na is produced by intermediate-mass models with hot bottom burning .	In low-mass AGB models we investigate the effect on the production of light elements of including some partial mixing of protons into the intershell region during the deepest extent of each third dredge-up episode .
+3	Topology optimisation proves effective in this framework , showing that posts with a branching cross-section are optimal , which is consistent with several biologic strategies to achieve superhydrophobicity .	In this paper we apply topology optimization to micro-structured superhydrophobic surfaces for the first time .	It has been experimentally observed that a droplet suspended on a brush of micrometric posts shows a high static contact angle and low roll-off angle .	To keep the fluid from penetrating the space between the posts , we search for an optimal post cross section , that minimizes the vertical displacement of the liquid-air interface at the base of the drop when a pressure difference is applied .	Through a filtering technique , we can also control the characteristic length scale of the optimal design , thus obtaining feasible geometries
+1	Here , we identify the type of such synchronisation and explore systematically its uniqueness and robustness using a simple paleoclimate model akin to the van der Pol relaxation oscillator and dynamical system theory .	There is evidence that ice age cycles are paced by astronomical forcing , suggesting some kind of synchronisation phenomenon .	As the insolation is quite a complex quasiperiodic signal involving different frequencies , the traditional concepts used to define synchronisation to periodic forcing are no longer applicable .	Instead , we explore a different concept of generalised synchronisation in terms of ( coexisting ) synchronised solutions for the forced system , their basins of attraction and instabilities .	We propose a clustering technique to compute the number of synchronised solutions , each of which corresponds to a different paleoclimate history .
+0	A stream cipher was implemented on a FPGA .	The keystream , for some authors the most important element , was developed using an algorithm based on Bernoullis chaotic map .	When dynamic systems are digitally implemented , a normal degradation appears and disturbs their behavior ; for such reason , a mechanism was needed .	The proposed mechanism gives a solution for degradation issue and its implementation is not complicated .	Finally , the implemented cipher includes 8 stages and 2 pseudo-random number generators ( PRNG ) , such cipher was tested using NIST testes .
+1	For a given temperature , the effective interaction is obtained best from molecular dynamics simulations .	The potential of mean force ( PMF ) between two nano crystals ( NCs ) represents an effective interaction potential that can be used to study the assembly of NCs to various superstructures .	Based on a density functional approach , this study proposes three methods of predicting the PMF for any temperature based on a single molecular dynamics simulation for one temperature .	The three methods construct the PMF by considering the ligands as an ideal gas , as hard-sphere chains , or as Lennard-Jones interaction sites .	To apply this methodology , the density of the interaction centers must be extracted from the simulation data .
+2	We present for the first time direct evidence of such a transition thanks to a three-dimensional direct numerical simulation of incompressible balanced MHD turbulence with a grid resolution of $ 3072^2 \times 256 $ .	One of the most important predictions in magnetohydrodynamics ( MHD ) is that in the presence of a uniform magnetic field $ \textbf { b } _ { 0 } $ a transition from weak to strong wave turbulence should occur when going from large to small perpendicular scales .	This transition is believed to be a universal property of several anisotropic turbulent systems .	From large to small-scales , the change of regime is characterized by i ) a change of slope in the energy spectrum going from approximately $ -2 $ to $ -3/2 $ ; ii ) an increase of the ratio between the wave and nonlinear times , with a critical ratio of $ \chi_ { c } \sim0.35 $ ; iii ) an absence followed by a dramatic increase of the communication between Alfv\'en modes ; and iv ) a modification of the iso-contours of energy revealing a transition from a purely perpendicular cascade to a cascade compatible with the critical balance type phenomenology .	All these changes happen at approximately the same transition scale and therefore can be seen as manifest signatures of the transition from weak to strong wave turbulence .
+2	We performed the calculations aimed to find the most stable clusters in the size region up to size of the zeolite Na-X supercage .	ZnAs2 nanoclusters were fabricated by incorporation into pores of zeolite Na-X and by laser ablation .	Absorption and photoluminescence spectra of ZnAs2 nanoclusters in zeolite were measured at the temperatures of 4.2 , 77 and 293 K. Both absorption and PL spectra consist of two bands which demonstrate the blue shift from the line of free exciton in bulk crystal .	The most stable clusters are ( ZnAs2 ) 6 and ( ZnAs2 ) 8 with binding energies of 7.181 eV and 8.012 eV per ( ZnAs2 ) 1 formula unit respectively .	Therefore , we attributed two bands observed in absorption and PL spectra to these stable clusters .
+2	The most common shape found in the simulation resembles that of a flattened cigar .	This study analyzes the sizes , shapes and correlations of $ \lya $ clouds produced by a hydrodynamic simulation of a spatially flat CDM universe with a non-zero cosmological constant ( $ \Omega_0=0.4 $ , $ \Lambda_0=0.6 $ , $ \sigma_8 =0.79 $ ) , over the redshift range $ 2\le z \le 4 $ .	The $ \lya $ clouds range in size from several kiloparsecs to about a hundred kiloparsecs in proper units , and they range in shape from roundish , high column density regions with $ \nhi\ge 10^ { 15 } cm^ { -2 } $ to low column density sheet-like structures with $ \nhi \le 10^ { 13 } cm^ { -2 } $ at z=3 .	The physical size of a typical cloud grows with time roughly as $ ( 1+z ) ^ { -3/2 } $ while its shape hardly evolves ( except for the most dense regions $ \rho_ { cut } & gt ; 30 $ ) .	Our result indicates that any simple model with a population of spheres ( or other shapes ) of a uniform size is oversimplified ; if such a model agrees with observational evidence , it is probably only by coincidence .
+3	We start by writing down the full phase-space distribution function for the dumbbells and then obtain the inertialess limits for the Fokker-Planck equation and for the averaged friction force acting between the phases from a rigorous asymptotic analysis .	We propose a two fluid theory to model a dilute polymer solution assuming that it consists of two phases , polymer and solvent , with two distinct macroscopic velocities .	The solvent phase velocity is governed by the macroscopic Navier-Stokes equations with the addition of a force term describing the interaction between the two phases .	The polymer phase is described on the mesoscopic level using a dumbbell model and its macroscopic velocity is obtained through averaging .	The resulting equations are relevant to the modelling of strongly non-homogeneous flows , while the standard kinetic model is recovered in the locally homogeneous case .
+2	This paper presents an ensemble method for multi-target regression that constructs new target variables via random linear combinations of existing targets .	Multi-target regression is concerned with the simultaneous prediction of multiple continuous target variables based on the same set of input variables .	It arises in several interesting industrial and environmental application domains , such as ecological modelling and energy forecasting .	We discuss the connection of our approach with multi-label classification algorithms , in particular RA $ k $ EL , which originally inspired this work , and a family of recent multi-label classification algorithms that involve output coding .	Experimental results on 12 multi-target datasets show that it performs significantly better than a strong baseline that learns a single model for each target using gradient boosting and compares favourably to multi-objective random forest approach , which is a state-of-the-art approach .
+1	This article discusses how it may be applied to the understanding of natural vision and the development of computer vision .	The SP theory of intelligence aims to simplify and integrate concepts in computing and cognition , with information compression as a unifying theme .	The theory , which is described quite fully elsewhere , is described here in outline but with enough detail to ensure that the rest of the article makes sense .	Low level perceptual features such as edges or corners may be identified by the extraction of redundancy in uniform areas in a manner that is comparable with the run-length encoding technique for information compression .	The concept of multiple alignment in the SP theory may be applied to the recognition of objects , and to scene analysis , with a hierarchy of parts and sub-parts , and at multiple levels of abstraction .
+2	To our knowledge , this is the first demonstration of sampling and inference that takes less compute time than regularized inversion in an inverse problems .	We solve the inverse problem of deblurring a pixelized image of Jupiter using regularized deconvolution and by sample-based Bayesian inference .	By efficiently sampling the marginal posterior distribution for hyperparameters , then the full conditional for the deblurred image , we find that we can evaluate the posterior mean faster than regularized inversion , when selection of the regularizing parameter is considered .	Comparison to random-walk Metropolis-Hastings and block Gibbs MCMC shows that marginal then conditional sampling also outperforms these more common sampling algorithms , having better scaling with problem size .	When problem-specific computations are feasible the asymptotic cost of an independent sample is one linear solve , implying that sample-based Bayesian inference may be performed directly over function spaces , when that limit exists .
+1	It is shown , that if the tau neutrino has a ( large ) magnetic moment and can oscillate into a neutrino of another flavor it can be used for a sensitive search for $ \nu_ { \mu } ( \nu_ { e } ) \to \nu_ { \tau } $ neutrino oscillations and the tau neutrino magnetic moment in neutrino -electron scattering experiments .	The combined effect of neutrino flavor oscillations and neutrino magnetic moment on neutrino-electron scattering is discussed .	The combined limits on the mixing angles and the tau neutrino magnetic moment $ sin^ { 2 } 2\theta_ { \mu\tau } \times \mu_ { \nu_ { \tau } } ^ { 2 } & lt ; 1.1 \times 10^ { -18 } \mu_ { B } ^ { 2 } $ and $ sin^ { 2 } 2\theta_ { e\tau } \times \mu_ { \nu_ { \tau } } ^ { 2 } & lt ; 2.3 \times 10^ { -18 } \mu_ { B } ^ { 2 } $ for $ \Delta m^ { 2 } & gt ; 10~ eV^ { 2 } $ are presented based on results of a study of the neutrino-electron elastic scattering at LAMPF .	For $ \nu_ { \mu } \to \nu_ { \tau } $ oscillations , this would results in sensitive limit of $ sin^ { 2 } 2\theta_ { \mu\tau } & lt ; 4 \times 10^ { -6 } $ , assuming the tau neutrino magnetic moment being equal to the present experimental limit of $ 5.4 \times 10^ { -7 } \mu_ { B } $ .	The tau neutrino magnetic moment would be constrained to $ \mu_ { \nu_ { \tau } } & lt ; 1.0 \times 10^ { -8 } \mu_ { B } $ , assuming the existence of $ \nu_ { \mu } \to \nu_ { \tau } $ oscillations with the mixing angle $ sin^ { 2 } 2\theta_ { \mu\tau } $ equal to the present experimental limit of 0.01 for $ \Delta m^ { 2 } & gt ; 10~ eV^ { 2 } $ .\ Under similar assumptions the corresponding limits for $ \nu_ { e } \to \nu_ { \tau } $ oscillations could be set to $ sin^ { 2 } 2\theta_ { e\tau } & lt ; 8 \times 10^ { -6 } $ and $ \mu_ { \nu_ { \tau } } & lt ; 3.9 \times 10^ { -9 } \mu_ { B } $ .
+3	In this paper , we address the latter problem in the context of Bayesian networks .	A serious problem in learning probabilistic models is the presence of hidden variables .	These variables are not observed , yet interact with several of the observed variables .	Detecting hidden variables poses two problems : determining the relations to other variables in the model and determining the number of states of the hidden variable .	We describe an approach that utilizes a score-based agglomerative state-clustering .
+2	This series is well convergent even for the case M=m_\mu .	Contributions from light-by-light scattering to ( g_\mu-2 ) /2 , the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon , are mediated by the exchange of charged fermions or scalar bosons .	Assuming large masses M for the virtual particles and employing the technique of large mass expansion , analytical results are obtained for virtual fermions and scalars in the form of a series in ( m_\mu /M ) ^2 .	For virtual fermions , the expansion confirms published analytical formulae .	For virtual scalars , the result can be used to evaluate the contribution from charged pions .
+3	We discuss prospects of steering the x-ray pumping by coherently controlling the cooperative decay .	Coherent control of nuclear pumping in a three level system driven by x-ray light is investigated .	In single nuclei , the pumping performance is determined by the branching ratio of the excited state populated by the x-ray pulse .	Our results are based on the observation that in ensembles of nuclei , cooperative excitation and decay leads to a greatly modified nuclear dynamics , which we characterize by a time-dependent cooperative branching ratio .	First , we study an ideal case with purely superradiant decay and perfect control of the cooperative emission .
+1	For a typical selenodetic orbital configuration the post-Newtonian Lense-Thirring gravitomagnetic and the Einstein 's gravitoelectric effects on the satellites orbits are calculated and compared to the present-day orbit accuracy of lunar missions .	In this paper the possibility of measuring some general relativistic effects in the gravitational field of the Moon via selenodetic missions , with particular emphasis to the future Japanese SELENE mission , is investigated .	It turns out that for SELENE 's Main Orbiter , at present , the gravitoelectric periselenium shift , which is the largest general relativistic effect , is 1 or 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the experimental sensitivity .	The systematic error induced by the mismodelled classical periselenium precession due to the first even zonal harmonic J2 of the Moon 's non-spherical gravitational potential is 3 orders of magnitude larger than the general relativistic gravitoelectric precession .	The estimates of this work could be used for future lunar missions having as their goals relativistic measurements as well .
+3	Inclination , mass , and radius determined from 12CO and C18O observations agree with those values , given optical depth and abundance effects .	We obtained high angular resolution ( ~2 '' ) images of the 13CO ( J=1-0 ) line and 2.7 millimeter continuum emission , and slightly lower resolution images of 12CO ( J=1-0 ) and C18O ( J=1-0 ) line emission toward the Herbig Ae star AB Aurigae .	We resolve a circumstellar disk of diameter 780 AU ( FWHM ) with a velocity pattern consistent with a purely rotational disk at inclination 21.5 degrees and position angle 58.6 degrees .	Using Keplerian disk models , we find a central source dynamical mass of 2.8+-0.1 Msun and a cutoff radius of 615 AU for the 13CO emission .	As a result of the high angular resolution of our observations , we confirm the existence of spiral structure suggested by near-IR scattered light images and show that the spiral arms represent density contrasts in the disk .
+4	The surface gas density seems to increase from a few times $ 10^2 \Msun pc^ { -2 } to & gt ; 10^3 \Msun pc^ { -2 } $ while the prominent CO extent systematically decreases as merging progresses .	We present first results of our on-going BIMA Key Project : imaging the CO ( 1-0 ) emission from a sample of 10 luminous IR galaxies ( LIRGs ) that are at various merging stages , with special emphasis on systems apparently in the early/intermediate stages of merging .	We present here CO images with $ \sim 5 '' $ resolution .	An important result is the recognition of a plausible pre-starburst phase in some early LIRG mergers ( e.g. , Arp 302 and NGC 6670 ) .	Our initial analysis suggests that a merger-induced starburst phase may not begin before the nuclear separation between the merging galaxies reaches roughly 10 kpc .
+2	Thus , it is proved that i ) for a certain class of second-class systems there exists a standard coupling between the variables of the original phase-space and some extravariables such that we can transform the original system into a one-parameter family of first-class systems ; ii ) the BRST quantization of this family in a standard gauge leads to the same path integral as that of the original system .	In this paper we show how the BRST quantization can be applied to systems possessing only second-class constraints through their conversion to some first-class ones starting with our method exposed in [ Nucl.Phys .	B456 ( 1995 ) 473 ] .	The analysis is accomplished in both reducible and irreducible cases .	In the same time , there is obtained the Lagrangian action of the first-class family and its provenience is clarified .
+3	By supplying varying amounts of the exchanged nutrients , we tuned strength and symmetry of the mutualistic interaction .	Mutualistic interactions benefit both partners , promoting coexistence and genetic diversity .	Spatial structure can promote cooperation , but spatial expansions may also make it hard for mutualistic partners to stay together , since genetic drift at the expansion front creates regions of low genetic and species diversity .	To explore the antagonism between mutualism and genetic drift , we grew cross-feeding strains of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae on agar surfaces as a model for mutualists undergoing spatial expansions .	Strong mutualism suppresses genetic demixing during spatial expansions and thereby maintains diversity , but weak or asymmetric mutualism is overwhelmed by genetic drift even when mutualism is still beneficial , slowing growth and reducing diversity .
+1	Two different neutrino flavors are represented by two polarization states of a laser beam , whereas the different phase propagation in vacuum is mimicked by the propagation difference of an ordinary and an extraordinary beam in a birefringent crystal .	The underlying physics of neutrino oscillation in vacuum can be demonstrated by an optical analogical experiment .	This allows us to demonstrate neutrino oscillation by optical methods in a fully microscopic way at the particle level .	The description of both realizations of oscillation is also mathematically identical .	In our demonstration experiment we can vary the oscillation parameters such as propagation length L and mixing angle Theta .
+3	We observe general correlations of the diffuse 8 micron emission with both the current star formation rate and the nebular metallicity of the galaxies in our sample .	We present Spitzer Space Telescope 4.5 and 8.0 micron imaging of 15 Local Group and nearby dwarf galaxies .	Our sample spans a range of more than one dex in nebular metallicity and over three orders of magnitude in current star formation rate , allowing us to examine the dependence of the diffuse 8 micron emission , originating from hot dust and PAHs , on these parameters .	We detect prominent diffuse 8 micron emission in four of the most luminous galaxies in the sample ( IC 1613 , IC 5152 , NGC 55 , and NGC 3109 ) , low surface brightness emission from four others ( DDO 216 , Sextans A , Sextans B , WLM ) , and no diffuse emission from the remaining objects .	However , we also see exceptions to these correlations that suggest other processes may also have a significant effect on the generation of hot dust/PAH emission .
+0	Different dynamical symmetry breaking patterns are explored for the two dimensional phi4 model with higher order derivative terms .	The one-loop saddle point expansion predicts a rather involved phase structure and a new Gaussian critical line .	This vacuum structure is corroborated by the Monte Carlo method , as well .	Analogies with the structure of solids , the density wave phases and the effects of the quenched impurities are mentioned .	The unitarity of the time evolution operator in real time is established by means of the reflection positivity .
+0	The Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagava-Sakata ( PMNS ) modified electroweak Lagrangian yields , within the perturbative kinematical procedure in the massive neutrino Fock space , in addition to the Lorentz invariant standard model ( SM ) neutrino and antineutrino cross-sections , also the `` infinitesimal '' neutrino and antineutrino cross-sections some of which are either conserving or violating the Lorentz symmetry as well as also either conserving or violating the flavor symmetry .	Some of these infinitesimal differential cross-sections can be extended into the space oscillation region beyond the collision point .	The extension goes along the baseline defined by the flavor neutrino or antineutrino scattering angle .	Each of these oscillation differential cross-sections , being sinusoidal , change sign along the baseline ; some start positive and some negative at the collision point .	For each of them one seeks the baseline distance to the first differential cross-section maximum .
+1	It is well known that large-Reynolds-number plasmas easily become turbulent .	The plasmoid instability may lead to fast magnetic reconnection through long current sheets ( CS ) .	We address the question whether turbulence enhances the energy conversion rate of plasmoid-unstable current sheets .	We carry out appropriate numerical MHD simulations , but resolving simultaneously the relevant large-scale ( mean- ) fields and the corresponding small-scale , turbulent , quantities by means of direct numerical simulations ( DNS ) is not possible .	Hence we investigate the influence of small scale turbulence on large scale MHD processes by utilizing a subgrid-scale ( SGS ) turbulence model .
+1	These step scaling matrices are obtained by taking the `` ratio '' of Z matrices computed at different energies in an RI-MOM type scheme for which twisted boundary conditions are an essential ingredient .	We show that the running of operators which mix under renormalization can be computed fully non-perturbatively as a product of continuum step scaling matrices .	Our method allows us to relax the bounds of the Rome-Southampton window .	We also explain why such a method is important in view of the light quark physics program of the RBC-UKQCD collaborations .	To illustrate our method , using n_f=2+1 domain-wall fermions , we compute the non-perturbative running matrix of four-quark operators needed in K- & gt ; pipi decay and neutral kaon mixing .
+4	Motor force output on an elastic load was regulated by two timescales -- that of their attachment to F-actin , which varied sharply with the ensemble size , motor duty ratio , and external load , and that of force build up , which scaled with ensemble stall force , gliding speed , and load stiffness .	Myosin II isoforms with varying mechanochemistry and filament size interact with filamentous actin ( F-actin ) networks to generate contractile forces in cells .	How their properties control force production in environments with varying stiffness is poorly understood .	Here , we incorporated literature values for properties of myosin II isoforms into a cross-bridge model .	Similar actin gliding speeds and force-velocity curves expected from previous experiments were observed .
+4	These results extend Wilken 's work from 1969 .	A survey is given of the work on strong regularity for uniform algebras over the last thirty years , and some new results are proved , including the following .	Let A be a uniform algebra on a compact space X and let E be the set of all those points x of X such that A is not strongly regular at x .	If E has no non-empty , perfect subsets then A is normal , and X is the character space of A .	If X is either the interval or the circle and E is meagre with no non-empty , perfect subsets then A is trivial .
+1	Prediction of the flow rate of a river is a requisite for any successful water resource management and river basin planning .	Artificial Neural Network ( ANN ) based model is a computational approach commonly used for modeling the complex relationships between input and output parameters .	In the current survey , the effectiveness of an Artificial Neural Network was examined to predict the Colorado River discharge .	In this modeling process , an ANN model was used to relate the discharge of the Colorado River to such parameters as the amount of precipitation , ambient temperature and snowpack level at a specific time of the year .	The model was able to precisely study the impact of climatic parameters on the flow rate of the Colorado River .
+1	How can we efficiently retrieve information from it through crawling ?	With the ever proliferating size and scale of the WWW [ 1 ] efficient ways of exploring content are of increasing importance .	And in this era of tera and multi-core processors , we ought to think of multi-threaded processes as a serving solution .	So , even better how can we improve the crawling performance by using parallel crawlers that work independently ?	The paper devotes to the fundamental development in the field of parallel crawlers [ 4 ] highlighting the advantages and challenges arising from its design .
+2	We present a systematic experimental and theoretical study of the ensuing attractor diagram describing the nonlinear dynamics , in an experimental setup where the oscillation amplitude becomes large , and the mirror motion is influenced by several optical modes .	We have explored the nonlinear dynamics of an optomechanical system consisting of an illuminated Fabry-Perot cavity , one of whose end-mirrors is attached to a vibrating cantilever .	Such a system can experience negative light-induced damping and enter a regime of self-induced oscillations .	A theory has been developed that yields detailed quantitative agreement with experimental results .	This includes the observation of a regime where two mechanical modes of the cantilever are excited simultaneously .
+0	We make a systematic and comparative study for the LHC and ILC for the electroweakino searches in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model .	We adopt a general bottom-up approach and scan over the parameter regions for all the three cases of the lightest supersymmetric particle being Bino- , Wino- , and Higgsino-like .	The electroweakino signal from pair production and subsequent decay to Wh ( h to b\bar b ) final state may yield a sensitivity of 95 % C.L .	exclusion ( 5sigma discovery ) to the mass scale M_2 , mu ~ 250-400 GeV ( 200-250 GeV ) at the 14 TeV LHC with an luminosity of 300 fb^ { -1 } .	Combining with all the other decay channels , the 95 % C.L .
+0	We report on VLA HI spectral line observations of five early-type galaxies classified as optically peculiar due to the presence of jets , ripples or other optical `` fine structure '' .	We detect HI within the primary beam ( 30 ' HPBW ) in four of the five systems .	However , in only one case is this gas associated with the targeted elliptical galaxy .	In the other cases the HI is associated with a nearby gas-rich disk or dwarf galaxy .	The one HI detection is for NGC 7626 , where we tentatively detect an HI cloud lying between 20 and 40 kpc southwest of the galaxy center .
+0	We study in a unified manner the dissipative dynamics and the transfer of heat in the two-bath spin-boson model .	We use the Bloch-Redfield ( BR ) formalism , valid in the very weak system-bath coupling limit , the noninteracting-blip approximation ( NIBA ) , applicable in the non-adiabatic limit , and iterative , numerically-exact path integral tools .	These methodologies were originally developed for the description of the dissipative dynamics of a quantum system , and here they are applied to explore the problem of quantum energy transport in a non-equilibrium setting .	Specifically , we study the weak-to-intermediate system-bath coupling regime at high temperatures $ k_BT/\hbar & gt ; \epsilon $ , with $ \epsilon $ as the characteristic frequency of the two-state system .	The BR formalism and NIBA can lead to close results for the dynamics of the reduced density matrix ( RDM ) in a certain range of parameters .
+0	We clarify the relation between the ergodicity breaking transition predicted by mode-coupling theory and the so-called dynamic transition predicted by the static replica approach .	Following Franz and Parisi [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	79 , 2486 ( 1997 ) ] , we consider a system of particles in a metastable state characterized by non-trivial correlations with a quenched configuration .	We show that the assumption that in a metastable state particle currents vanish leads to an expression for the replica off-diagonal direct correlation function in terms of a replica off-diagonal static four-point correlation function .	A factorization approximation for this function results in an approximate closure for the replica off-diagonal direct correlation function .
+4	Our samples are based on a recently-proposed template for an anisotropic magnetic metamaterial consisting of an array of superconducting plates .	Electromagnetic metamaterials are a class of materials which have been artificially structured on a subwavelength scale .	They are currently the focus of a great deal of interest because they allow access to previously unrealisable properties like a negative refractive index .	Most metamaterial designs have so far been based on resonant elements , like split rings , and research has concentrated on microwave frequencies and above .	In this work , we present the first experimental realisation of a non-resonant metamaterial designed to operate at zero frequency .
+0	We investigate the performance of different control techniques for ion transport in state-of-the-art segmented miniaturized ion traps .	We employ numerical optimization of classical trajectories and quantum wavepacket propagation as well as analytical solutions derived from invariant based inverse engineering and geometric optimal control .	We find that accurate shuttling can be performed with operation times below the trap oscillation period .	The maximum speed is limited by the maximum acceleration that can be exerted on the ion .	When using controls obtained from classical dynamics for wavepacket propagation , wavepacket squeezing is the only quantum effect that comes into play for a large range of trapping parameters .
+1	The fundamental group of the complement of A is determined by a braid monodromy homomorphism from a finitely generated free group to the pure braid group .	Let A be an arrangement of complex hyperplanes .	Using the Gassner representation of the pure braid group , we find an explicit presentation for the Alexander invariant of A .	From this presentation , we obtain combinatorial lower bounds for the ranks of the Chen groups of A .	We also provide a combinatorial criterion for when these lower bounds are attained .
+1	Contrary to the received wisdom , clusters are old .	I review the evidence from clusters and groups of galaxies for `relic ' evidence of the high redshift universe .	Their x-ray emitting intergalactic medium in massive clusters is a reservoir of metal and energy injection from the main epoch of star formation .	There are strong indications that non-gravitational energy was extremely important in the formation of low-mass clusters and groups , implying that gravity did not dominate the process on all scales below that of massive , rich clusters .	The data indicate that most of the metals in the universe are not in stars but in the hot gas and thus the use of stars to trace metal formation and evolution misses most of the processed material .
+3	This relatively evolved state for most associations addresses the observed dearth of Halpha emission in some outer disks , as Halpha can only be observed in star forming regions younger than ~10 Myr .	We investigate recent star formation in the extended ultraviolet ( XUV ) disks of five nearby galaxies ( NGC 0628 , NGC 2090 , NGC 2841 , NGC 3621 , and NGC 5055 ) using a long wavelength baseline comprised of ultraviolet and mid-infrared imaging from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer and the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera .	We identify 229 unresolved stellar complexes across targeted portions of their XUV disks and utilize spectral energy distribution fitting to measure their stellar ages and masses through comparison with Starburst99 population synthesis models of instantaneous burst populations .	We find that the median age of outer disk associations in our sample is ~100 Myr with a large dispersion that spans the entire range of our models ( 1 Myr-1 Gyr ) .	The large age dispersion is robust against variations in extinction ( in the range E ( B-V ) =0-0.3 mag ) and variations in the upper end of the stellar Initial Mass Function ( IMF ) .
+3	We then focus on numerical modeling of this process with computer simulations .	The cosmic reionization of hydrogen was the last major phase transition in the evolution of the universe , which drastically changed the ionization and thermal conditions in the cosmic gas .	To the best of our knowledge today , this process was driven by the ultra-violet radiation from young , star-forming galaxies and from first quasars .	We review the current observational constraints on cosmic reionization , as well as the dominant physical effects that control the ionization of intergalactic gas .	Over the past decade , significant progress has been made in solving the radiative transfer of ionizing photons from many sources through the highly inhomogeneous distribution of cosmic gas in the expanding universe .
+4	Upper limits are reported for the ( 2,1 ) and ( 4,4 ) lines of NH_3 and for transitions of the SO , DCN , OCS , SiO , C_3N , H_2CO , SiC_2 , HC_3N , HC_5N , and CH_3OH molecules .	Using the Effelsberg 100-m telescope , absorption in the ( J , K ) = ( 1,1 ) , ( 2,2 ) and ( 3,3 ) inversion lines of ammonia ( NH_3 ) was detected at a redshift of z = 0.6847 toward the gravitational lens system B0218+357 .	The lambda ~ 2cm absorption peaks at 0.5-1.0 % of the continuum level and appears to cover a smaller fraction of the radio continuum background than lines at millimeter wavelengths .	Measured intensities are consistent with a rotation temperature of ~35K , corresponding to a kinetic temperature of ~55K .	The column density toward the core of image A then becomes N ( NH_3 ) ~ 1 * 10^ ( 14 ) cm^ ( -2 ) and fractional abundance and gas density are of order X ( NH_3 ) ~10^ ( -8 ) and n ( H_2 ) ~5 * 10^ ( 3 ) cm^ ( -3 ) , respectively .
+2	Besides its detailed $ \omega $ dependence , we find the remarkable result that this function is nearly independent of $ \theta $ between the ( $ \pi , \pi $ ) -direction and 25 degrees from it .	In the Eliashberg integral equations for d-wave superconductivity , two different functions $ ( \alpha^2 F ) _n ( \omega , \theta ) $ and $ ( \alpha^2 F ) _ { p , d } ( \omega ) $ determine , respectively , the `` normal '' and the `` pairing '' self-energies .	We present a quantitative analysis of the high-resolution laser based ARPES data on the compound Bi-2212 to deduce the function $ ( \alpha^2 F ) _n ( \omega , \theta ) $ .	Assuming that the same fluctuations determine both the normal and the pairing self-energy , we ask what theories give the function $ ( \alpha^2 F ) _ { p , d } ( \omega ) $ required for the d-wave pairing instability at high temperatures as well as the deduced $ ( \alpha^2 F ) _n ( \theta , \omega ) $ .	We show that the deduced $ ( \alpha^2 F ) _n ( \theta , \omega ) $ can only be obtained from Antiferromagnetic ( AFM ) fluctuations if their correlation length is smaller than a lattice constant .
+2	We provide a proof of the correctness of our compilation scheme .	In this paper , we introduce Continuation Passing C ( CPC ) , a programming language for concurrent systems in which native and cooperative threads are unified and presented to the programmer as a single abstraction .	The CPC compiler uses a compilation technique , based on the CPS transform , that yields efficient code and an extremely lightweight representation for contexts .	We show in particular that lambda-lifting , a common compilation technique for functional languages , is also correct in an imperative language like C , under some conditions enforced by the CPC compiler .	The current CPC compiler is mature enough to write substantial programs such as Hekate , a highly concurrent BitTorrent seeder .
+2	It is proved under these assumptions that the continuous analog of the Newton 's method $ \dot { u } =- [ F ' ( u ) ] ^ { -1 } ( F ( u ) -f ) , \quad u ( 0 ) =u_0 , \quad ( * ) $ converges strongly to the solution of the equation $ F ( u ) =f $ for any $ f\in H $ and any $ u_0\in H $ .	The Dynamical Systems Method ( DSM ) is justified for solving operator equations $ F ( u ) =f $ , where $ F $ is a nonlinear operator in a Hilbert space $ H $ .	It is assumed that $ F $ is a global homeomorphism of $ H $ onto $ H $ , that $ F\in C^1_ { loc } $ , that is , it has a continuous with respect to $ u $ Fr\'echet derivative $ F ' ( u ) $ , that the operator $ [ F ' ( u ) ] ^ { -1 } $ exists for all $ u\in H $ and is bounded , $ || [ F ' ( u ) ] ^ { -1 } ||\leq m ( u ) $ , where $ m ( u ) & gt ; 0 $ is a constant , depending on $ u $ , and not necessarily uniformly bounded with respect to $ u $ .	The global ( and even local ) existence of the solution to the Cauchy problem ( * ) was not established earlier without assuming that $ F ' ( u ) $ is Lipschitz-continuous .	The case when $ F $ is not a global homeomorphism but a monotone operator in $ H $ is also considered .
+0	We examine the evolutionary status of luminous , star-forming galaxies in intermediate-redshift clusters by considering their star formation rates and the chemical and ionsiation properties of their interstellar emitting gas .	Our sample consists of 17 massive , star-forming , mostly disk galaxies with M_ { B } & lt ; -20 , in clusters with redshifts in the range 0.31 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.59 , with a median of & lt ; z & gt ; =0.42 .	We compare these galaxies with the identically selected and analysed intermediate-redshift field sample of Mouhcine et al .	( 2006 ) , and with local galaxies from the Nearby Field Galaxy Survey of Jansen et al . ( 2000 ) .	From our optical spectra we measure the equivalent widths of OII , Hbeta and OIII emission lines to determine diagnostic line ratios , oxygen abundances , and extinction-corrected star formation rates .
+2	First , numerical general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accreting spinning black holes show that relativistic jets form spontaneously .	It has for long been an article of faith among astrophysicists that black hole spin energy is responsible for powering the relativistic jets seen in accreting black holes .	Two recent advances have strengthened the case .	In at least some cases , there is unambiguous evidence that much of the jet energy comes from the black hole , not the disk .	Second , spin parameters of a number of accreting stellar-mass black holes have been measured .
+1	This provides a framework to study in a controllable way corrections to the inflationary slow roll parameter \eta due to conformal symmetry breaking in a warped geometry throat .	We argue that brane anti-brane inflation in string theory de-Sitter vacua of Kachru-Kallosh-Linde-Trivedi ( KKLT ) is captured by the dynamics of a D3-brane probe in the local KKLT model constructed in hep-th/0203041 .	We compute the leading correction to \eta for the inflation in the Klebanov-Tseytlin throat geometry .	We find that in certain regime this correction tends to decrease \eta .	Computations in a different regime suggest however that it is unlikely that \eta & lt ; & lt ; 1 can be achieved with the D3-brane throat inflation .
+2	For Abelian Fractional Quantum Hall states ( $ k=1 $ ) , our construction reproduces the Jain quasielectron wavefunction , and elucidates the difference between the Jain and Laughlin quasielectrons .	We present model wavefunctions for quasielectron ( as opposed to quasihole ) excitations of the unitary $ Z_k $ parafermion sequence ( Laughlin/Moore-Read/Read-Rezayi ) of Fractional Quantum Hall states .	We uniquely define these states through two generalized clustering conditions : they vanish when either a cluster of $ k+2 $ electrons is put together , or when two clusters of $ k+1 $ electrons are formed at different positions .	For two ( or more ) quasielectrons , our states differ from those constructed using Jain 's method .	By adding our quasielectrons to the Laughlin state , we obtain a hierarchy scheme which gives rise the non-Abelian non-unitary $ \nu= { 2/5 } $ FQH Gaffnian state .
+0	Persistence diagrams are two-dimensional plots that summarize the topological features of functions and are an important part of topological data analysis .	A problem that has received much attention is how deal with sets of persistence diagrams .	How do we summarize them , average them or cluster them ?	One approach -- the persistence intensity function -- was introduced informally by Edelsbrunner , Ivanov , and Karasev ( 2012 ) .	Here we provide a modification and formalization of this approach .
+0	We provide the whole set of Lick indices from CN1 to TiO2 of Simple Stellar Population models with , for the first time , variable element abundance ratios , [ alpha/Fe ] =0.0 , 0.3 , 0.5 , [ alpha/Ca ] =-0.1 , 0.0 , 0.2 , 0.5 , and [ alpha/N ] =-0.5 , 0.0 .	The models cover ages between 1 and 15 Gyr , metallicities between 1/200 and 3.5 solar .	Our models are free from the intrinsic alpha/Fe bias that was imposed by the Milky Way template stars up to now , hence they reflect well-defined alpha/Fe ratios at all metallicities .	The models are calibrated with Milky Way globular clusters for which metallicities and alpha/Fe ratios are known from independent spectroscopy of individual stars .	The metallicities that we derive from the Lick indices Mgb and Fe5270 are in excellent agreement with the metallicity scale by Zinn & amp ; West ( 1984 ) , and we show that the latter provides total metallicity rather than iron abundance .
+0	We present a topological multiple testing scheme for detecting peaks on the sphere under isotropic Gaussian noise , where tests are performed at local maxima of the observed field filtered by the spherical needlet transform .	Our setting is different from the standard Euclidean/large same asymptotic framework , yet highly relevant to realistic experimental circumstances for some important areas of application in astronomy .	More precisely , we focus on cases where a single realization of a smooth isotropic Gaussian random field on the sphere is observed , and a number of well-localized signals are superimposed on such background field .	The proposed algorithms , combined with the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for thresholding p-values , provide asymptotic strong control of the False Discovery Rate ( FDR ) and power consistency as the signal strength and the frequency of the needlet transform get large .	This novel multiple testing method is illustrated in a simulation of point-source detection in Cosmic Microwave Background radiation ( CMB ) data .
+4	This model quantitatively accounts for the universal limiting metallicity plateau at a ratio of oxygen to hydrogen atoms , Z ( O ) = n ( O ) /n ( H ) = 0.0013 , characterizing high-mass intermittently star-forming galaxies .	The decline of star formation in massive low-redshift galaxies , often referred to as quenching , has been attributed to a variety of factors .	Some proposals suggest that erupting active galactic nuclei may strip galaxies of their interstellar medium , and thus the ability to form stars .	Here , we note that , whereas star formation is universal in small , low-redshift galaxies , fractional duty cycles of star formation steadily decline in galaxies of increasing mass , although star formation may not cease entirely .	We show that , when infall of gas from extragalactic space ceases , galaxies of high stellar mass appear to sustain star formation on gas liberated in mass loss from evolved low- and intermediate-mass stars admixed with occasional Type II supernova ejecta .
+3	As a result of our analysis , we found that noncommutativity can modify significantly the universe evolution , but can not alter its singular behavior in the classical context .	We study some consequences of noncommutativity to homogeneous cosmologies by introducing a deformation of the commutation relation between the minisuperspace variables .	The investigation is carried out for the Kantowski-Sachs model by means of a comparative study of the universe evolution in four different scenarios : the classical commutative , classical noncommutative , quantum commutative , and quantum noncommutative .	The comparison is rendered transparent by the use of the Bohmian formalism of quantum trajectories .	Quantum effects , on the other hand , can originate non-singular periodic universes in both commutative and noncommutative cases .
+4	Finally , we recover Adin 's enumeration of spanning trees of a complete colorful simplicial complex from the cellular Matrix-Tree Theorem together with a result of Kook , Reiner and Stanton .	We prove a Matrix-Tree Theorem enumerating the spanning trees of a cell complex in terms of the eigenvalues of its cellular Laplacian operators , generalizing a previous result for simplicial complexes .	As an application , we obtain explicit formulas for spanning tree enumerators and Laplacian eigenvalues of cubes ; the latter are integers .	We prove a weighted version of the eigenvalue formula , providing evidence for a conjecture on weighted enumeration of cubical spanning trees .	We introduce a cubical analogue of shiftedness , and obtain a recursive formula for the Laplacian eigenvalues of shifted cubical complexes , in particular , these eigenvalues are also integers .
+0	We consider the quark-antiquark Green 's function in the Schwinger Model with instanton contributions taken into account .	Thanks to the fact that this function may analytically be found , we draw out singular terms , which arise due to the formation of the bound state in the theory -- the massive Schwinger boson .	The principal term has a pole character .	The residue in this pole contains contributions from various instanton sectors : $ 0 , \pm 1 , \pm 2 $ .	It is shown , that the nonzero ones change the factorizability property .
+0	Optics experiments critically require the stable and accurate locking of relative phases between light beams or the stabilization of Fabry-Perot cavity lengths .	Here , we present a simple and inexpensive technique based on a stand-alone microcontroller unit to perform such tasks .	Easily programmed in C language , this reconfigurable digital locking system also enables automatic relocking and sequential functioning .	Different algorithms are detailed and applied to fringe locking and to low- and high-finesse optical cavity stabilization , without the need of external modulations or error signals .	This technique can readily replace a number of analog locking systems advantageously in a variety of optical experiments .
+0	There exist many algorithms for learning how to play repeated bimatrix games .	Most of these algorithms are justified in terms of some sort of theoretical guarantee .	On the other hand , little is known about the empirical performance of these algorithms .	Most such claims in the literature are based on small experiments , which has hampered understanding as well as the development of new multiagent learning ( MAL ) algorithms .	We have developed a new suite of tools for running multiagent experiments : the MultiAgent Learning Testbed ( MALT ) .
+0	The behavior of the spatial two-particle correlation function is surveyed in detail for a uniform 1D Bose gas with repulsive contact interactions at finite temperatures .	Both long- , medium- , and short-range effects are investigated .	The results span the entire range of physical regimes , from ideal gas , to strongly interacting , and from zero temperature to high temperature .	We present perturbative analytic methods , available at strong and weak coupling , and first-principle numerical results using imaginary time simulations with the gauge-P representation in regimes where perturbative methods are invalid .	Nontrivial effects are observed from the interplay of thermally induced bunching behavior versus interaction induced antibunching .
+4	However , there is a common theme to all the proofs which forbids the existence of such metrics on most ( and possibly all ) exotic R^4 's .	There are many theorems in the differential geometry literature of the following sort .	Let M be a complete Riemannian manifold with some conditions on various curvatures , diameters , volumes , etc .	Then M is homotopy equivalent to a finite CW complex , or M is the interior of a compact , topological manifold with boundary .	At first glance it seems unlikely that such theorems have anything to say about smooth manifolds homeomorphic to R^4 .
+0	An action of a compact quantum group on a compact metric space $ ( X , d ) $ is ( D ) -isometric if the distance function is preserved by a diagonal action on $ X\times X $ .	We show that an isometric action in this sense has the following additional property : The corresponding action on the algebra of continuous functions on $ X $ by the convolution semigroup of probability measures on the quantum group contracts Lipschitz constants .	It is , in other words , isometric in another sense due to H. Li , J. Quaegebeur and M. Sabbe ; this partially answers a question of D. Goswami .	We also introduce other possible notions of isometric quantum action , in terms of the Wasserstein $ p $ -distances between probability measures on $ X $ for $ p\ge 1 $ , used extensively in optimal transportation .	It turns out all of these definitions of quantum isometry fit in a tower of implications , with the two above at the extreme ends of the tower .
+0	Motivated by recent work on Hom-Lie algebras , a twisted version of the Yang-Baxter equation , called the Hom-Yang-Baxter equation ( HYBE ) , was introduced by the author in an earlier paper .	In this paper , several more classes of solutions of the HYBE are constructed .	Some of these solutions of the HYBE are closely related to the quantum enveloping algebra of sl ( 2 ) , the Jones-Conway polynomial , and Yetter-Drinfel 'd modules .	We also construct a new infinite sequence of solutions of the HYBE from a given one .	Along the way , we compute all the Lie algebra endomorphisms on the ( 1+1 ) -Poincare algebra and sl ( 2 ) .
+2	For large core-subunit interactions , subunits adsorb onto core surfaces en masse in a disordered manner , and then undergo a cooperative rearrangement into an ordered capsid structure .	We develop coarse-grained models that describe the dynamic encapsidation of functionalized nanoparticles by viral capsid proteins .	We find that some forms of cooperative interactions between protein subunits and nanoparticles can dramatically enhance rates and robustness of assembly , as compared to the spontaneous assembly of subunits into empty capsids .	These assembly pathways are unlike any identified for empty capsid formation .	Our models can be directly applied to recent experiments in which viral capsid proteins assemble around the functionalized inorganic nanoparticles [ Sun et al. , Proc.Natl.Acad .
+3	( iii ) How does irreversibility occur in quantum systems with few degrees of freedom ?	This review summarizes and amplifies on recent investigations of coupled quantum dynamical systems in the short wavelength limit .	We formulate and attempt to answer three fundamental questions : ( i ) What drives a dynamical quantum system to behave classically ?	( ii ) What determines the rate at which two coupled quantum -- mechanical systems become entangled ?	We embed these three questions in the broader context of the quantum -- classical correspondence , which motivates the use of short -- wavelength approximations to quantum mechanics such as the trajectory-based semiclassical methods and random matrix theory .
+2	This allows the model to obtain the ink distribution within the paper volume .	A physical model for the simulation ink/paper interaction at the mesoscopic scale is developed .	It is based on the modified Ising model , and is generalized to consider the restriction of the finite-volume of ink and also its dynamic seepage .	At the mesoscopic scale , the paper is modeled using a discretized fiber structure .	The ink distribution is obtained by solving its equivalent optimization problem , which is solved using a modified genetic algorithm , along with a new boundary condition and the quasi-linear technique .
+3	In this paper we construct the first reduced order models of gravitational-wave signals that include the effects of spin-precession , inspiral , merger , and ringdown in compact object binaries , and which are valid for component masses describing binary neutron star , binary black hole and mixed binary systems .	Inferring astrophysical information from gravitational waves emitted by compact binaries is one of the key science goals of gravitational-wave astronomy .	In order to reach the full scientific potential of gravitational-wave experiments we require techniques to mitigate the cost of Bayesian inference , especially as gravitational-wave signal models and analyses become increasingly sophisticated and detailed .	Reduced order models ( ROMs ) of gravitational waveforms can significantly reduce the computational cost of inference by removing redundant computations .	This work utilizes the waveform model known as `` IMRPhenomPv2 '' .
+3	In the limit of strong dissipation the quantum algorithm generates a quantum attractor which may have complex or simple structure .	Using the methods of quantum trajectories we investigate the effects of dissipative decoherence in a quantum computer algorithm simulating dynamics in various regimes of quantum chaos including dynamical localization , quantum ergodic regime and quasi-integrable motion .	As an example we use the quantum sawtooth algorithm which can be implemented in a polynomial number of quantum gates .	It is shown that the fidelity of quantum computation decays exponentially with time and that the decay rate is proportional to the number of qubits , number of quantum gates and per gate dissipation rate induced by external decoherence .	We also compare the effects of dissipative decoherence with the effects of static imperfections .
+4	An expression for steady state MSD is derived and analyzed for variations of different sets of predefined variables .	Performance analysis of $ l_0 $ norm constrained Recursive least Squares ( RLS ) algorithm is attempted in this paper .	Though the performance pretty attractive compared to its various alternatives , no thorough study of theoretical analysis has been performed .	Like the popular $ l_0 $ Least Mean Squares ( LMS ) algorithm , in $ l_0 $ RLS , a $ l_0 $ norm penalty is added to provide zero tap attractions on the instantaneous filter taps .	A thorough theoretical performance analysis has been conducted in this paper with white Gaussian input data under assumptions suitable for many practical scenarios .
+3	The first two schemes are direct extensions of previously proposed schemes .	Channel state feedback schemes for the MIMO broadcast downlink have been widely studied in the frequency-flat case .	This work focuses on the more relevant frequency selective case , where some important new aspects emerge .	We consider a MIMO-OFDM broadcast channel and compare achievable ergodic rates under three channel state feedback schemes : analog feedback , direction quantized feedback and `` time-domain '' channel quantized feedback .	The third scheme is novel , and it is directly inspired by rate-distortion theory of Gaussian correlated sources .
+3	Currently the only commercially available protocols over a data diode sold by vendors are file-based protocols .	Protecting computer systems handling possible sensitive information is of the utmost importance .	Those systems are typically air-gapped with data diodes to assure that no information can physically flow back .	Traditional computer protocols like HTTP or SOAP which are normally used to transport information between computers are typical bi-directional communication protocols and are thus unsuitable to be used over a data diode .	Other protocols can be custom made but are expensive and proprietary .
+0	Cognitive Radio requires both efficient and reliable spectrum sensing of wideband signals .	In order to cope with the sampling rate bottleneck when dealing with such signals , new sampling methods have been proposed that sample below the Nyquist rate .	However , such techniques decrease the signal to noise ratio ( SNR ) due to aliasing effects , deteriorating the performance of the subsequent energy detection .	Cyclostationary detection , which exploits the periodic property of communication signal statistics , absent in stationary noise , is a natural candidate for this setting .	In this work , we consider cyclic spectrum recovery from sub-Nyquist samples , in order to achieve both efficiency and robustness to noise .
+3	A new order parameter is proposed to quantify the synchronization with respect to different directions of the crystal .	The collective motion of dust particles during the mode-coupling induced melting of a two-dimensional plasma crystal is explored in molecular dynamics simulations .	The crystal is compressed horizontally by an anisotropic confinement .	This compression leads to an asymmetric triggering of the mode-coupling instability which is accompanied by alternating chains of in-phase and anti-phase oscillating particles .	Depending on the orientation of the confinement anisotropy , mode-coupling instability and synchronized motion are observed in one or two directions .
+2	The subdivision scheme is universal , providing the basis for addressing and for fast lookups .	We describe a method to subdivide the surface of a sphere into spherical triangles of similar , but not identical , shapes and sizes .	The Hierarchical Triangular Mesh ( HTM ) is a quad-tree that is particularly good at supporting searches at different resolutions , from arc seconds to hemispheres .	The HTM provides the basis for an efficient geospatial indexing scheme in relational databases where the data have an inherent location on either the celestial sphere or the Earth .	The HTM index is superior to cartographical methods using coordinates with singularities at the poles .
+3	The viscosity is obtained by equality of dissipation and cooling functions , and is used for angular momentum equation .	In this paper , the effect of self-gravity on the protoplanetary discs is investigated .	The mechanisms of angular momentum transport and energy dissipation are assumed to be the viscosity due to turbulence in the accretion disc .	The energy equation is considered in situation that the released energy by viscosity dissipation is balanced with cooling processes .	The cooling rate of the flow is calculated by a prescription , $ d u/d t=-u/\tau_ { cool } $ , that $ u $ and $ \tau_ { cool } $ are internal energy and cooling timescale , respectively .
+2	We define a local compressibility that characterizes the Mott-insulating regions and analyze other local quantities .	Using quantum Monte Carlo ( QMC ) simulations we study the ground-state properties of the one-dimensional fermionic Hubbard model in traps with an underlying lattice .	Since due to the confining potential the density is space dependent , Mott-insulating domains always coexist with metallic regions , such that global quantities are not appropriate to describe the system .	It is shown that the momentum distribution function , a quantity that is commonly considered in experiments , fails in giving a clear signal of the Mott-insulator transition .	Furthermore , we analyze a mean-field approach to these systems and compare it with the numerically exact QMC results .
+1	The measured spin asymmetry ( A ) resulting from a change in light helicity , reaches +/- 6 % around zero applied tunnel bias and drops to +/- 2 % at a bias of -1.6 V applied to the GaAs .	The spin dependence of the photoelectron tunnel current from free standing GaAs films into out-of- plane magnetized Cobalt films is demonstrated .	This decrease is a result of the drop in the photoelectron spin polarization that results from a reduction in the GaAs surface recombination velocity .	The sign of A changes with that of the Cobalt magnetization direction .	In contrast , on a ( nonmagnetic ) Gold film A ~ 0 % .
+2	Each job j is preemptive and , upon its arrival , its other characteristics are immediately revealed to the machine : the deadline requirement , the workload and the value .	We consider the following scheduling problem .	There is a single machine and the jobs will arrive for completion online .	The objective is to maximize the aggregate value of jobs completed by their deadlines .	Using the minimum of the ratios of deadline minus arrival time to workload over all jobs as the slackness s , a non-committed and a committed online scheduling algorithm is proposed in [ Lucier et al. , SPAA'13 ; Azar et al. , EC'15 ] , achieving competitive ratios of 2+f ( s ) , where the big O notation f ( s ) =\mathcal { O } ( \frac { 1 } { ( \sqrt [ 3 ] { s } -1 ) ^ { 2 } } ) , and ( 2+f ( s*b ) ) /b respectively , where b=\omega* ( 1-\omega ) , \omega is in ( 0 , 1 ) , and s is no less than 1/b .
+4	In all cases little or no extra computing power is necessary , compared to simulations with standard Wilson fermions or twisted-mass lattice QCD .	We show that it is possible to improve the chiral behaviour and the approach to the continuum limit of correlation functions in lattice QCD with Wilson fermions by taking arithmetic averages of correlators computed in theories regularized with Wilson terms of opposite sign .	Improved hadronic masses and matrix elements can be obtained by similarly averaging the corresponding physical quantities separately computed within the two regularizations .	To deal with the problems related to the spectrum of the Wilson -- Dirac operator , which are particularly worrisome when Wilson and mass terms are such as to give contributions of opposite sign to the real part of the eigenvalues , we propose to use twisted-mass lattice QCD for the actual computation of the quantities taking part to the averages .	The choice $ \pm \pi/2 $ for the twisting angle is particularly interesting , as O ( $ a $ ) improved estimates of physical quantities can be obtained even without averaging data from lattice formulations with opposite Wilson terms .
+3	This derivative is analytically evaluated and expressed as a sum over states formula .	We present a theory for the temperature-dependent nuclear magnetic shielding tensor of molecules with arbitrary electronic structure .	The theory is a generalization of Ramsey 's theory for closed-shell molecules .	The shielding tensor is defined as a second derivative of the Helmholtz free energy of the electron system in equilibrium with the applied magnetic field and the nuclear magnetic moments .	Special consideration is given to a system with an isolated degenerate ground state for which the size of the degeneracy and the composition of the wave functions are arbitrary .
+1	Two of the new T dwarfs are likely binaries with L7+/-1 primaries and mid-type T secondaries .	We report the discovery of 87 new T dwarfs uncovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer ( WISE ) and three brown dwarfs with extremely red near-infrared colors that exhibit characteristics of both L and T dwarfs .	In addition , our follow-up program has confirmed 10 previously identified T dwarfs and four photometrically-selected L and T dwarf candidates in the literature .	This sample , along with the previous WISE discoveries , triples the number of known brown dwarfs with spectral types later than T5 .	Using the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog we present updated color-color and color-type diagrams for all the WISE-discovered T and Y dwarfs .
+2	A , { \bf 19 } , L441 ( 1986 ) ) from surface-growth physics as single-step load-balancing dynamics , we show that the congestion pressure considerably drops on scale-free networks when compared with the same dynamics on random graphs .	We study the effects of relaxational dynamics on congestion pressure in scale free networks by analyzing the properties of the corresponding gradient networks ( Z. Toroczkai , K. E. Bassler , Nature { \bf 428 } , 716 ( 2004 ) ) .	Using the Family model ( F. Family , J. Phys .	This is due to a structural transition of the corresponding gradient network clusters , which self-organize such as to reduce the congestion pressure .	This reduction is enhanced when lowering the value of the connectivity exponent $ \lambda $ towards 2 .
+3	As a consequence of that , atom reflection shows unusual features , since an incident wave may split into two reflected ones at a barrier , an ordinary specular reflection , and an additional non-specular one .	Atom reflection is studied in the presence of a non-Abelian vector potential proportional to a spin-1/2 operator .	The potential is produced by a relatively simple laser configuration for atoms with a tripod level scheme .	We show that the atomic motion is described by two different dispersion branches with positive or negative chirality .	Remarkably , the latter wave can exhibit negative reflection and may become evanescent if the angle of incidence exceeds a critical value .
+0	In this paper a simple but efficient real-time detecting algorithm is proposed for tracking community structure of dynamic networks .	Community structure is intuitively characterized as divisions of network nodes into subgroups , within which nodes are densely connected while between which they are sparsely connected .	To evaluate the quality of community structure of a network , a metric called modularity is proposed and many algorithms are developed on optimizing it .	However , most of the modularity based algorithms deal with static networks and can not be performed frequently , due to their high computing complexity .	In order to track the community structure of dynamic networks in a fine-grained way , we propose a modularity based algorithm that is incremental and has very low computing complexity .
+0	This paper presents an estimate of the land area affected in the event of sea level rise of 0.6 m , 1 m and 2 m for Mexican sates with coasts along Gulf of Mexico .	Likewise , the number of residents in vulnerable areas that would occur in the scenario of sea level rise of 1 m is estimated .	To do so , terrain elevation data of NASA 's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is used , along with a proprietary algorithm that allows the reconstruction of the affected area .	In order to estimate the land area digital image processing is used .	These results are geo-referenced for comparison with human settlements in the regions of interest .
+2	The galaxy-halo model pertains mainly to the relationships between the power spectra of galaxies and mass , and their cross-power spectrum .	We present a new , galaxy-halo model of large-scale structure , in which the galaxies entering a given sample are the fundamental objects .	Haloes attach to galaxies , in contrast to the standard halo model , in which galaxies attach to haloes .	With surprisingly little input , an intuition-aiding approximation to the galaxy-matter cross-correlation coefficient R ( k ) emerges , in terms of the halo mass dispersion .	This approximation seems valid to mildly non-linear scales ( k & lt ; ~3 h/Mpc ) , allowing measurement of the bias and the matter power spectrum from measurements of the galaxy and galaxy-matter power spectra ( or correlation functions ) .
+1	An inconsistency exists to some extent in the sense that the `` constant pricing rule `` actually assumes an adaptive expected price with pricing rule given before insider making the decision , and the `` market efficiency '' condition , however , assumes a rational expected price and implies that the pricing rule can be influenced by insider 's strategy .	Kyle ( 1985 ) builds a pioneering and influential model , in which an insider with long-lived private information submits an optimal order in each period given the market maker 's pricing rule .	We loosen the `` constant pricing rule `` assumption by taking into account sufficiently the insider 's strategy has on pricing rule .	According to the characteristic of the conditional expectation of the informed profits , three different models vary with insider 's attitudes regarding to risk are presented .	Compared to Kyle ( 1985 ) , the risk-averse insider in Model 1 can obtain larger guaranteed profits , the risk-neutral insider in Model 2 can obtain a larger ex ante expectation of total profits across all periods and the risk-seeking insider in Model 3 can obtain larger risky profits .
+1	Our results suggest that the quark contribution to the energy density is negative ( and balanced by a positive gauge contribution ) , although this result is highly sensitive to details of the energy renormalisation .	We study two-color QCD with two flavors of Wilson fermion as a function of quark chemical potential mu and temperature T. We find evidence of a superfluid phase at intermediate mu and low T where the quark number density and diquark condensate are both very well described by a Fermi sphere of nearly-free quarks disrupted by a BCS condensate .	We also find evidence that the chiral condensate in this region vanishes in the massless limit .	This region gives way to a region of deconfined quark matter at higher T and mu , with the deconfinement temperature , determined from the renormalised Polyakov loop , decreasing only very slowly with increasing chemical potential .	The quark number susceptibility chi_q does not exhibit any qualitative change at the deconfinement transition .
+1	We show that given any two cylinders $ { \mathfrak c } _1 $ and $ { \mathfrak c } _2 $ in the process , there is a sequence of at most $ d-2 $ other cylinders creating a connection between $ { \mathfrak c } _1 $ and $ { \mathfrak c } _2 $ .	We consider the Poisson cylinder model in $ { \mathbb R } ^d $ , $ d\ge 3 $ .	In particular , this shows that the union of the cylinders is a connected set , answering a question appearing in a previous paper .	We also show that there are cylinders in the process that are not connected by a sequence of at most $ d-3 $ other cylinders .	Thus , the diameter of the cluster of cylinders equals $ d-2 $ .
+0	We have recently shown ( Ibata et al .	2014 ) that pairs of satellite galaxies located diametrically opposite each other around their host possess predominantly anti-correlated velocities .	This is consistent with a scenario in which $ \sim 50 $ % of satellite galaxies belong to kinematically-coherent rotating planar structures , similar to those detected around the giant galaxies of the Local Group .	Here we extend this analysis , examining the incidence of satellites of giant galaxies drawn from an SDSS photometric redshift catalog .	We find that there is a $ \sim 17 $ % overabundance ( $ & gt ; 3 \sigma $ significance ) of candidate satellites at positions diametrically opposite a spectroscopically confirmed satellite .
+0	We derive the luminosity and multiplicity functions of superclusters compiled for the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey , the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( Data Release 4 ) , and for three samples of simulated superclusters .	We find for all supercluster samples Density Field ( DF ) clusters , which represent high-density peaks of the class of Abell clusters , and use median luminosities/masses of richness class 1 DF-clusters to calculate relative luminosity/mass functions .	We show that the fraction of very luminous ( massive ) superclusters in real samples is more than tenfolds greater than in simulated samples .	Superclusters are generated by large-scale density perturbations which evolve very slowly .	The absence of very luminous superclusters in simulations can be explained either by non-proper treatment of large-scale perturbations , or by some yet unknown processes in the very early Universe .
+1	For the case of fountain codes relaying , it has been shown previously that introducing diversity is also beneficial since it counteracts transmission losses on the channel .	Diversity is a powerful means to increase the transmission performance of wireless communications .	Instead of simply hop-by-hop forwarding information , each sensor node diversifies the information flow using XOR combinations of stored packets .	This approach has been shown to be efficient for random linear fountain codes .	However , random linear codes exhibit high decoding complexity .
+2	Air is a common environment ; yet its impact on the defects in 2D SCs still remains elusive .	Defects play important roles in semiconductors ( SCs ) .	Unlike those in bulk SCs , defects in two-dimensional ( 2D ) SCs are exposed to the surrounding environment , which can potentially modify their properties/functions .	In this work , we unravel the interaction between air and chalcogen vacancies ( VX ) -the most typical defects in 2D SCs .	We find that , although the interaction is weak for most molecules in air , O2 can be chemisorbed at VX with a barrier that correlates with the SC cohesive energy and can be overcame even at room temperature for certain SCs .
+1	The structural properties of Sc2AlC are compared with results reported earlier .	The structural , vibrational , thermodynamical and optical properties of technologically important , weakly coupled MAX compound , Sc2AlC are calculated using density functional theory ( DFT ) .	The vibrational , thermodynamical , and optical properties are theoretically estimated for the first time .	The phonon dispersion curve has been calculated and the dynamical stability of this compound has been investigated .	The optical and acoustic modes are observed clearly .
+4	We compute the massless scalar emission spectrum and emission rates in both gravity and CFT and find perfect agreement , thereby providing strong evidence for our proposed identification .	Non-supersymmetric black hole microstates are of great interest in the context of the black hole information paradox .	We identify the holographic description of the general class of non-supersymmetric orbifolded D1-D5-P supergravity solutions found by Jejjala , Madden , Ross and Titchener .	This class includes both completely smooth solutions and solutions with conical defects , and in the near-decoupling limit these solutions describe degrees of freedom in the cap region .	The CFT description involves a general class of states obtained by fractional spectral flow in both left-moving and right-moving sectors , generalizing previous work which studied special cases in this class .
+0	Exact holography for cosmological branes in an AdS-Schwarzschild bulk was first introduced in hep-th/0204218 .	We extend this notion to include all co-dimension one branes moving in non-trivial bulk spacetimes .	We use a covariant approach , and show that the bulk Weyl tensor projected on to the brane can always be traded in for `` holographic '' energy-momentum on the brane .	More precisely , a brane moving in a non-maximally symmetric bulk has exactly the same geometry as a brane moving in a maximally symmetric bulk , so long as we include the holographic fields on the brane .	This correspondence is exact in that it works to all order in the brane energy-momentum tensor .
+1	The retrieval of their intrinsically weak four-wave mixing ( FWM ) response is enabled by a one-dimensional dielectric waveguide antenna .	We perform coherent non-linear spectroscopy of individual excitons strongly confined in single InAs quantum dots ( QDs ) .	Compared to a similar QD embedded in bulk media , the FWM detection sensitivity is enhanced by up to four orders of magnitude , over a broad operation bandwidth .	Three-beam FWM is employed to investigate coherence and population dynamics within individual QD transitions .	We retrieve their homogenous dephasing in a presence of spectral wandering .
+0	The shift towards an energy Grid dominated by prosumers ( consumers and producers of energy ) will inevitably have repercussions on the distribution infrastructure .	Today it is a hierarchical one designed to deliver energy from large scale facilities to end-users .	Tomorrow it will be a capillary infrastructure at the medium and Low Voltage levels that will support local energy trading among prosumers .	In our previous work , we analyzed the Dutch Power Grid and made an initial analysis of the economic impact topological properties have on decentralized energy trading .	In this paper , we go one step further and investigate how different networks topologies and growth models facilitate the emergence of a decentralized market .
+2	Basic results such as the Riemann-Roch Theorem for quaternionic holomorphic vector bundles , the Kodaira embedding and the Pluecker relations for linear systems are proven .	The paper develops the fundamentals of quaternionic holomorphic curve theory .	The holomorphic functions in this theory are conformal maps from a Riemann surface into the 4-sphere , i.e. , the quaternionic projective line .	Interpretations of these results in terms of the differential geometry of surfaces in 3- and 4-space are hinted at throughout the paper .	Applications to estimates of the Willmore functional on constant mean curvature tori , respectively energy estimates of harmonic 2-tori , and to Dirac eigenvalue estimates on Riemannian spin bundles in dimension 2 are given .
+1	Our kinematic coverage is from near production threshold ( $ \sqrt { s } \sim 1.97 $ GeV ) to $ \sqrt { s } = 2.84 $ GeV , with a wide coverage in the production angle .	Preliminary differential cross-sections and the $ \rho^0_ { MM ' } $ spin density matrix elements ( SDME ) for the reaction $ \gamma p \to \phi p $ for both charged- ( $ \phi \to K^+ K^- $ ) and neutral-mode ( $ \phi \to K^0_L K^0_S $ ) topologies obtained from CLAS are presented .	As seen in previous LEPS results , the differential cross-sections show a localized `` bump '' between $ \sqrt { s } \sim 2 $ and 2.2 GeV that is not expected from a simple Pomeron exchange picture .	Comparisons between the charged- and neutral-mode results and possible effects from the $ K^+ \Lambda ( 1520 ) $ channel are discussed .	Our SDME results confirm the well-known deviations from t-channel helicity conservation ( TCHC ) for Pomeron exchange , but s-channel helicity conservation ( SCHC ) is also seen to be broken .
+0	The standard approach for path integral Monte Carlo simulations of open quantum systems is extended as an efficient tool to monitor the time evolution of coherences ( off-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix ) also for strong coupling to environments .	Specific simulations are performed for two level systems embedded in Ohmic and sub-Ohmic reservoirs in the domains of coherent and incoherent dynamics of the polarization .	In the latter regime , the notorious difficulty to access the long time regime is overcome by combining simulations on moderate time scales with iteratively calculated initial densities .	This allows to extract relaxation rates for sub-Ohmic environments at finite temperatures and over a broad range of couplings and to compare them to analytical predictions .	The time evolution of the von Neumann entropy provides insight into the quantum phase transition at thermal equilibrium from a delocalized to a localized state at zero temperature .
+3	The change of the perpendicular momentum of the wave is such that the toroidal angular momentum of the wave is conserved .	The injection of lower hybrid waves for current drive into a tokamak affects the profile of intrinsic rotation .	In this article , the momentum deposition by the lower hybrid wave on the electrons is studied .	Due to the increase in the poloidal momentum of the wave as it propagates into the tokamak , the parallel momentum of the wave increases considerably .	If the perpendicular momentum transfer via electron Landau damping is ignored , the transfer of the toroidal angular momentum to the plasma will be larger than the injected toroidal angular momentum .
+3	The time evolution of the color fields is explored in a numerical simulation of the collision of two Lorentz-boosted clouds of color charged particles on a long three-dimensional gauge lattice .	The dynamics of gluons and quarks in a relativistic nuclear collision are described , within the framework of a classical mean-field transport theory , by the coupled equations for the Yang-Mills field and a collection of colored point particles .	The particles are used to represent color source effects of the valence quarks in the colliding nuclei .	The possibilities of this approach are studied to describe the real time evolution of small $ x $ modes in the classical effective theory in a non-perturbative coherent manner .	We report results on soft gluon scattering and coherent gluon radiation obtained in SU ( 2 ) gauge symmetry .
+3	This long-lived polarization enables the visualization of the expansion of a valley-polarized exciton cloud over several microns .	Heterostructures comprising different monolayer semiconductors provide a new system for fundamental science and device technologies , such as in the emerging field of valleytronics .	Here , we realize valley-specific interlayer excitons in monolayer WSe2-MoSe2 vertical heterostructures .	We create interlayer exciton spin-valley polarization by circularly polarized optical pumping and determine a valley lifetime of 40 nanoseconds .	The spatial pattern of the polarization evolves into a ring with increasing exciton density , a manifestation of valley exciton exchange interactions .
+0	Employing a recently proposed measure for quantum non-Markovianity , we carry out a systematic study of the size of memory effects in the spin-boson model for a large region of temperature and frequency cutoff parameters .	The dynamics of the open system is described utilizing a second-order time-convolutionless master equation without the Markov or rotating wave approximations .	While the dynamics is found to be strongly non-Markovian for low temperatures and cutoffs , in general , we observe a special regime favoring Markovian behavior .	This effect is explained as resulting from a resonance between the system 's transition frequency and the frequencies of the dominant environmental modes .	We further demonstrate that the corresponding Redfield equation is capable of reproducing the characteristic features of the non-Markovian quantum behavior of the model .
+0	We start with the Lorentz algebra $ L=o_ { R } ( 1,3 ) $ over the reals and find a suitable basis $ B $ relative to which the structure constants are integers .	Thus we consider the $ Z $ -algebra $ L_ { Z } $ which is free as a $ Z $ -module and its $ Z $ -basis is $ B $ .	This allows us to define the Lorentz type algebra $ L_K : =L_ { Z } \otimes_ { Z } K $ over any field $ K $ .	In a similar way , we consider Poincar\'e type algebras over any field $ K $ .	In this paper we study the ideal structure of Lorentz and of Poincar\'e type algebras over different fields .
+2	The observations proved otherwise : the X-ray luminosities and spectral distributions were remarkably similar .	We analyse two ASCA observations of the highly eccentric O9III + B1III binary Iota Orionis obtained at periastron and apastron .	Based on the assumption of a strong colliding winds shock between the stellar components , we expected to see significant variation in the X-ray emission between these phases .	The only noteworthy feature was the hint of a proximity effect during periastron passage , supported also in the optical .	We discuss the accuracy of our results , and also analyse archival ROSAT observations .
+2	The commutation relations between the creation operators and the generators of the trigonometric loop superalgebra are calculated .	The problems connected with Gaudin models are reviewed by analyzing model related to the trigonometric osp ( 1|2 ) classical r-matrix .	The eigenvectors of the trigonometric osp ( 1|2 ) Gaudin Hamiltonians are found using explicitly constructed creation operators .	The coordinate representation of the Bethe states is presented .	The relation between the Bethe vectors and solutions to the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation yields the norm of the eigenvectors .
+2	The degree of entanglement is quantified for different cases , where it is assumed that the two-subsystems are simultaneously or non- simultaneously accelerated .	In this contribution , we investigate the entanglement behavior of a composite system consists of two different dimensional subsystems in non-inertial frames .	In particular , we consider a composite system of qubit ( two-dimensional ) subsystem , and qutrit , ( three-dimensional ) subsystem .	The entanglement decays as the acceleration of any subsystem increases.In general , the decay rate of entanglement increases as the dimensional of the accelerated subsystem increases .	These results could be important in building an accelerated quantum network consists of different dimensions nodes .
+0	A new computational paradigm for the analysis of substructure of the Cosmic Web in cosmological cold dark matter simulations is proposed .	We introduce a new data-field -- - the flip-flop field -- -which carries wealth of information about the history and dynamics of the structure formation in the universe .	The flip-flop field is an ordered data set in Lagrangian space representing the number of turns inside out sign reversals of an elementary volume of each collisionless fluid element represented by a computational particle in a N-body simulation .	This field is computed using the Lagrangian submanifold , i.e.the three-dimensional dark matter sheet in the six-dimensional space formed by three Lagrangian and three Eulerian coordinates of the simulation particles .	It is demonstrated that the very rich substructure of dark matter haloes and the void regions can be reliably and unambiguously recovered from the flip-flop field .
+3	When a mismatch is observed between the behavior of an ANIMO model and experimental data , we want to update the model so that it explains the new data .	ANIMO ( Analysis of Networks with Interactive MOdeling ) is a software for modeling biological networks , such as e.g.signaling , metabolic or gene networks .	An ANIMO model is essentially the sum of a network topology and a number of interaction parameters .	The topology describes the interactions between biological entities in form of a graph , while the parameters determine the speed of occurrence of such interactions .	In general , the topology of a model can be expanded with new ( known or hypothetical ) nodes , and enables it to match experimental data .
+1	In addition , the effect of edge states on the electronic properties of AGNR is included in the calculations .	We present a theory to study gas molecules adsorption on armchair graphene nanoribbons ( AGNRs ) by applying the results of \emph { ab } \emph { initio } calculations to the single-band tight-binding approximation .	Under the assumption that the gas molecules adsorb on the ribbon sites with uniform probability distribution , the applicability of the method is examined for finite concentrations of adsorption of several simple gas molecules ( CO , NO , CO $ _2 $ , NH $ _3 $ ) on 10-AGNR .	We show that the states contributed by the adsorbed CO and NO molecules are quite localized near the center of original band gap and suggest that the charge transport in such systems can not be enhanced considerably , while CO $ _2 $ and NH $ _3 $ molecules adsorption acts as acceptor and donor , respectively .	The results of this theory at low gas concentration are in good agreement with those obtained by density-functional theory calculations .
+0	We present constraints on canonical single-field inflation derived from WMAP five year , ACBAR , QUAD , BICEP data combined with the halo power spectrum from SDSS LRG7 .	Models with a non-scale-invariant spectrum and a red tilt n_s & lt ; 1 are now preferred over the Harrison-Zel'dovich model ( n_s = 1 , tensor-to-scalar ratio r = 0 ) at high significance .	Assuming no running of the spectral indices , we derive constraints on the parameters ( n_s , r ) and compare our results with the predictions of simple inflationary models .	The marginalised credible intervals read n_s = 0.962^ { +0.028 } _ { -0.026 } and r & lt ; 0.17 ( at 95 % confidence level ) .	Interestingly , the 68 % c.l .
+4	The cryo-camera can provide a live view inside cryogenic set-ups and allows to record video .	We report on the design , construction , and operation of a PID temperature controlled and vacuum tight camera casing .	The camera casing contains a commercial digital camera and a lighting system .	The design of the camera casing and its components are discussed in detail .	Pictures taken by this cryo-camera while immersed in argon vapour and liquid nitrogen are presented .
+0	We review the theory of hard exclusive scattering in Quantum Chromodynamics .	After recalling the classical counting rules which describe the leading scale dependence of form factors and elastic reactions at fixed angle , the pedagogical example of the pion form factor is developped in some detail in order to show explicitely what factorization means in the QCD framework .	The inclusion of transverse degrees of freedom leads to the discussion of Sudakov effects which are crucial for protecting the calculation from dangerous infrared regions .	The picture generalizes to many hard reactions ; a strategy to extract distribution amplitudes from future data is sketched .	We discuss also the particular case of hadron-hadron collisions where the independent scattering mechanism dominates asymptotically and where a different factorization formula applies .
+2	The latter notion is closely related to the construction of Schmidt balls around the identity .	Robustness measures as introduced by Vidal and Tarrach [ PRA , 59 , 141-155 ] quantify the extent to which entangled states remain entangled under mixing .	Analogously , we introduce here the Schmidt robustness and the random Schmidt robustness .	We analyse the situation for pure states and provide non-trivial upper and lower bounds .	Upper bounds to the random Schmidt-2 robustness allow us to construct a particularly simple distillability criterion .
+0	This paper introduces new tools for genomic signal processing , which can assist for genomic attribute extracting or describing biologically meaningful features embedded in a DNA .	The codongrams and a2grams are offered as an alternative to spectrograms and scalograms .	Twenty different a^2grams are defined for a genome , one for each amino acid ( valgram is an a^2gram for valine ; alagram is an a^2gram for alanine and so on ) .	They provide information about the distribution and occurrence of the investigated amino acid .	In particular , the metgram can be used to find out potential start position of genes within a genome .
+1	Our Chandra analysis reveals an X-ray emission peak , roughly 100 kpc away from either BCG , which we identify as the cluster center .	Abell~1142 is a low-mass galaxy cluster at low redshift containing two comparable Brightest Cluster Galaxies ( BCG ) resembling a scaled-down version of the Coma Cluster .	The emission center manifests itself as a second beta-model surface brightness component distinct from that of the cluster on larger scales .	The center is also substantially cooler and more metal rich than the surrounding intracluster medium ( ICM ) , which makes Abell 1142 appear to be a cool core cluster .	The redshift distribution of its member galaxies indicates that Abell 1142 may contain two subclusters with each containing one BCG .
+0	Non-Poissonian bursty processes are ubiquitous in natural and social phenomena , yet little is known about their effects on the large-scale spreading dynamics .	In order to characterize these effects we devise an analytically solvable model of Susceptible-Infected ( SI ) spreading dynamics in infinite systems for arbitrary inter-event time distributions and for the whole time range .	Our model is stationary from the beginning , and the role of lower bound of inter-event times is explicitly considered .	The exact solution shows that for early and intermediate times the burstiness accelerates the spreading as compared to a Poisson-like process with the same mean and same lower bound of inter-event times .	Such behavior is opposite for late time dynamics in finite systems , where the power-law distribution of inter-event times results in a slower and algebraic convergence to fully infected state in contrast to the exponential decay of the Poisson-like process .
+1	Communication occurs via a satellite over two independent atmospheric fading channels dominated by turbulence-induced beam wander .	In this work we analyze a quantum communication scheme for entanglement-based continuous variable quantum key distribution between two ground stations .	In this scheme the engineering complexity remains largely on the ground transceivers , with the satellite acting simply as a reflector .	We show how the use of a highly selective post-selection strategy may lead to a useful quantum key generation rate for this system .	This work represents the first quantitative assessment of continuous variable quantum key rates in the pragmatic scenario of reflection off low-earth-orbit satellites .
+2	The major contribution for $ L_ { cr , ns } $ comes from a minority of $ \sim 10^7 $ isolated neutron stars which are located within dense clouds .	Interstellar matter that is accreted onto isolated magnetic neutron stars in the Galaxy ( $ \sim 10^9 $ by number ) is accelerated and reflected back by MHD shocks , which envelope the stars .	The integrated power in the Galaxy $ L_ { cr , ns } $ is $ \sgreat 10^ { 40 } { \rm erg \ s^ { -1 } } $ , the energy distribution is a power law of spectral index $ & gt ; 2 $ , and the particle energy can be raised to $ 10^6 $ GeV , consistent with the power and spectrum of primary cosmic rays in the Galaxy .	Sources in these clouds , that are generally spread within the Galactic disk , can explain the concentration of high-energy cosmic rays in the Galactic plane , as deduced from pion decay spectra in gamma-ray observations .	The soft X-ray luminosity from these neutron stars is consistent with the Galactic X-ray background .
+1	In this connection we evaluate the phase-coherent transport of a spin-polarized gas of fermionic atoms along linear structures made from potential wells set in four alternative types of sequence .	Growing interest is being given to transport of ultra-cold atomic gases through optical lattices generated by the interference of laser beams .	These are periodic chains of either identical wells or pairs of different wells , and chains of pairs of wells arranged in either a Fibonacci quasi-periodic sequence or a random sequence .	The transmission coefficient of fermionic matter is evaluated in a T-matrix scattering approach by describing each array through a tight-binding Hamiltonian and by reducing it to an effective dimer by means of a decimation/renormalization method .	The results are discussed in comparison with those pertaining to transport by Fermi-surface electrons coupled to an outgoing lead and by an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate .
+3	The observations took place between January 1999 and May 2001 .	We will present a multiepoch study of the three blazars 0954+658 ( BL -- Lac ) , PKS1510 -- 089 ( HPQ ) and 1749+096 ( BL -- Lac ) .	The first two sources are known to be $ \gamma $ -- ray loud .	Our study is based on milliarcsecond resolution polarimetric observations carried out with the VLBA at 8.4 GHz .	Superluminal motion is detected along the jet of PKS1510 -- 089 and 1749+096 , with $ \beta_ { app } \sim 10 $ for all features .
+3	Out of this 36 objects , 9 star forming tidal dwarf galaxy candidates have been finally identified on the basis of their projected distances to the nuclei of the parent galaxies and their total Halpha luminosities .	A search for star forming objects belonging to tidal tails has been carried out in a sample of deep Halpha images of 16 compact groups of galaxies .	A total of 36 objects with Halpha luminosity larger than 10^38 erg s-1 have been detected in five groups .	The fraction of the total Halpha luminosity of their respective parent galaxies shown by the tidal objects is always below 5 % except for the tidal features of HCG95 , whose Halpha luminosity amounts to 65 % of the total luminosity .	Overall , the observed properties of the candidates resemble those previously reported for the so-called tidal dwarf galaxies .
+2	In the high temperature SPM state , the magnetization of aligned ferrofluid increased by a factor varying between 2 and 4 with respect to that in the randomly oriented state .	The effect of magnetic anisotropy-axis alignment on the superparamagnetic ( SPM ) and superspin glass ( SSG ) states in a frozen ferrofluid has been investigated .	The ferrofluid studied here consists of maghemite nanoparticles ( \gamma-Fe2O3 , mean diameter = 8.6 nm ) dispersed in glycerine at a volume fraction of ~15 % .	The negative interaction energy obtained from the Curie-Weiss fit to the high temperature susceptibility in the SPM states as well as the SSG phase onset temperature determined from the linear magnetization curves were found to be rather insensitive to the anisotropy axis alignment .	The low temperature aging behaviour , explored via `` zero-field cooled magnetization '' ( ZFCM ) relaxation measurements , however , show distinct difference in the aging dynamics in the anisotropy-axis aligned and randomly oriented SSG states .
+4	One regard these entities as neutral fundamental particles being constituents of quarks and leptons .	Spherically symmetric entities filled with matter induced by the 5D Bulk may be built in the empty 4D space-time .	The substance of the entity , the latter regarded as a fundamental particle , is characterized by the prematter equ .	of state P=-rho .	the particle is coverede by a Schwarzschild-like envelope and from the outside it is characterized by mass and radius .
+3	But a fixed value of this phase rapidly emerges under the effect of the successive quantum measurements , giving rise to a quasi-classical situation where all spins have parallel transverse orientations .	We study theoretically the properties of two Bose-Einstein condensates in different spin states , represented by a double Fock state .	Individual measurements of the spins of the particles are performed in transverse directions , giving access to the relative phase of the condensates .	Initially , this phase is completely undefined , and the first measurements provide random results .	If the number of measurements reaches its maximum ( the number of particles ) , quantum effects show up again , giving rise to violations of Bell type inequalities .
+2	As a result , all observables become averaged over many resonances and can effectively be described by simpler , non-resonant scattering calculations .	Compared to purely atomic collisions , ultracold molecular collisions potentially support a much larger number of Fano-Feshbach resonances due to the enormous number of ro-vibrational states available .	In fact , for alkali-metal dimers we find that the resulting density of resonances can not be resolved at all , even on the sub- $ \mu $ K temperature scale of ultracold experiments .	Two particular examples are discussed : non-chemically reactive RbCs and chemically reactive KRb .	In the former case , the formation of a long-lived collision complex may lead to the ejection of molecules from a trap .
+0	Spontaneous symmetry breaking plays a key role in our understanding of nature .	In a relativistic field theory , a broken continuous symmetry leads to the emergence of two types of fundamental excitations : massless Nambu-Goldstone modes and a massive `Higgs ' amplitude mode .	An excitation of Higgs type is of crucial importance in the standard model of elementary particles and also appears as a fundamental collective mode in quantum many-body systems .	Whether such a mode exists in low-dimensional systems as a resonance-like feature or becomes over-damped through coupling to Nambu-Goldstone modes has been a subject of theoretical debate .	Here we reveal and study a Higgs mode in a two-dimensional neutral superfluid close to the transition to a Mott insulating phase .
+4	Our results are applicable to the Lie algebras with the same Cartan matrices as the Lie superalgebras considered .	We completely describe presentations of Lie superalgebras with Cartan matrix if they are simple Z-graded of polynomial growth .	Such matrices can be neither integer nor symmetrizable .	There are non-Serre relations encountered .	In certain cases there are infinitely many relations .
+2	The thinner sample , grown on a substrate with vicinal surface , includes only dots with a diameter of less than 10 nm ( type A islands ) .	In this work , we have investigated the optical properties of two samples of CdSe quantum dots by using submicro-photoluminescence spectroscopy .	The effect of vicinal-surface GaAs substrates on their properties has been also assessed .	Islands of an average diameter of about 16 nm ( type B islands ) that are related to a phase transition via a Stranski-Krastanow growth process are also distributed in the thicker sample grown on an oriented substrate .	We have studied the evolution of lineshapes of PL spectra for these two samples by improving spatial resolution that was achieved using nanoapertures or mesa structures .
+4	We show that a thin black ring evaporates with fixing its thickness parameter $ \lambda $ .	Black objects lose their mass and angular momenta through evaporation by Hawking radiation , and the investigation of their time evolution has a long history .	In this paper , we study this problem for a five-dimensional doubly spinning black ring .	The black ring is assumed to emit only massless scalar particles .	We consider a thin black ring with a small thickness parameter , $ \lambda\ll 1 $ , which can be approximated by a boosted Kerr string locally .
+1	The solar eruptions are very intense involving X-class flares and extreme CME speeds ( average ~2000 km/s ) .	We present an overview of the observed properties of the GLEs and those of the associated flares and CMEs .	The active regions in which the GLE events originate are generally large : 1290 msh ( median 1010 msh ) compared to 934 msh ( median : 790 msh ) for SEP-producing active regions .	The initial acceleration of GLE-associated CMEs is much larger ( by a factor of 2 ) than that of ordinary CMEs ( 2.3 km/s2 vs.1 km/s2 ) .	The GLE particle release is delayed with respect to the onset of all electromagnetic signatures of the eruptions : type II bursts , low frequency type III bursts , soft X-ray flares and CMEs .
+4	In this context , we introduce an irrelevant noisy attributes model where the distribution over the `` relevant '' k-dimensional subspace is independent of the distribution over the ( n-k ) -dimensional `` irrelevant '' subspace orthogonal to it .	We present a generalization of the well-known problem of learning k-juntas in R^n , and a novel tensor algorithm for unraveling the structure of high-dimensional distributions .	Our algorithm can be viewed as a higher-order extension of Principal Component Analysis ( PCA ) .	Our motivating problem is learning a labeling function in R^n , which is determined by an unknown k-dimensional subspace .	This problem of learning a k-subspace junta is a common generalization of learning a k-junta ( a function of k coordinates in R^n ) and learning intersections of k halfspaces .
+4	We present a fast quantum algorithm , which finds one of the target blocks .	We consider a database separated into blocks .	Blocks containing target items are called target blocks .	Blocks without target items are called non-target blocks .	We consider a case , when each target block has the same number of target items .
+1	If the tachyonic mass is a tree level effect , the natural scale of the gauge symmetry breaking is set by the inverse radius of the internal space , which , in case of the electroweak symmetry , must be around $ \sim 1/ $ TeV .	We suggest that the electroweak Higgs particles can be identified with extra-dimensional components of the gauge fields , which after compactification on a certain topologically non-trivial background become tachyonic and condense .	We discuss the possibility of a vanishing tree level mass for the Higgs .	In such a scenario the tachyonic mass can be induced by quantum loops and can be naturally smaller than the compactification scale .	We give an example in which this possibility can be realized .
+1	Composite two-fermion operators up to three derivatives have been measured for Wilson fermions and Sheikholeslami-Wohlert improved fermions in the quenched approximation .	We have technically improved the non-perturbative renormalization method , proposed by Martinelli et al. , by using quark momentum sources and sinks .	The calculations are performed in the Landau gauge on 16^3x32 lattices at beta = 6.0 for 3 kappa values in each case .	The improved sources greatly decrease the statistical noise .	We extract and discuss here renormalization factors for local operators and moments of the structure functions for Wilson fermions .
+0	We determine the strangeness and light quark fractions of the nucleon mass by computing the quark line connected and disconnected contributions to the matrix elements m_q & lt ; N|qbar q|N & gt ; in lattice QCD , using the non-perturbatively improved Sheikholeslami-Wohlert Wilson Fermionic action .	We simulate n_F=2 mass degenerate sea quarks with a pion mass of about 285 MeV and a lattice spacing a approx 0.073 fm .	The renormalization of the matrix elements involves mixing between contributions from different quark flavours .	The pion-nucleon sigma-term is extrapolated to physical quark masses exploiting the sea quark mass dependence of the nucleon mass .	We obtain the renormalized values \sigma_ { \pi N } = 38 ( 12 ) MeV at the physical point and f_ { T_s } =\sigma_s/m_N= 0.012 ( 14 ) ^ { +10 } _ { -3 } for the strangeness contribution at our larger than physical sea quark mass .
+4	We prove that this is so for continua which are not the boundary of one of their complementary domains .	We prove two theorems which allow one to recognize indecomposable subcontinua of closed surfaces without boundary .	If $ X $ is a subcontinuum of a closed surface $ S $ , we call the components of $ S \setminus X $ the complementary domains of $ X $ .	We prove that a continuum is either indecomposable or the union of two indecomposable continua whenever it has a sequence of distinct complementary domains whose boundaries limit to the continuum in the Hausdorff metric .	We define a slightly stronger condition on the complementary domains of a continuum , called the double-pass condition , which we conjecture is equivalent to indecomposability of the continuum .
+1	Quantum optics relies upon detectors sensitive to non-classical features of light , enabling precise tests of physical laws and quantum-enhanced technologies such as precision measurement and secure communications .	Improved measurement techniques are central to technological development and foundational scientific exploration .	Accurate detector response calibration for quantum-scale inputs is key to future research and development in these cognate areas .	To address this requirement quantum detector tomography ( QDT ) has been recently introduced .	However , the QDT approach becomes increasingly challenging as the complexity of the detector response and input space grows .
+0	The Particle Data Group gives an upper bound on the photon mass $ m & lt ; 2 \times 10^ { -16 } $ eV from a laboratory experiment and lists , but does not adopt , an astronomical bound $ m & lt ; 3 \times 10^ { -27 } $ eV , both of which are based on the plausible assumption of large galactic vector-potential .	We argue that the interpretations of these experiments should be changed , which alters significantly the bounds on $ m $ .	If $ m $ arises from a Higgs effect , both limits are invalid because the Proca vector-potential of the galactic magnetic field may be neutralized by vortices giving a large-scale magnetic field that is effectively Maxwellian .	In this regime , experiments sensitive to the Proca potential do not yield a useful bound on $ m $ .	As a by-product , the non-zero photon mass from Higgs effect predicts generation of a primordial magnetic field in the early universe .
+1	The main aim is to understand bulge formation and overall disk evolution in these late type galaxies .	We present GMRT 1280 MHz radio continuum observations and follow-up optical studies of the disk and nuclear star formation in a sample of low luminosity bulgeless galaxies .	We detected radio continuum from five of the twelve galaxies in our sample ; the emission is mainly associated with disk star formation .	Only two of the detected galaxies had extended radio emission ; the others had patchy disk emission .	In the former two galaxies , NGC3445 and NGC4027 , the radio continuum is associated with star formation triggered by tidal interactions with nearby companion galaxies .
+4	We also make an explicit comparison with the available experimental data and point out the crucial role played by the superfluid density in determining the temperature dependence of the second sound speed .	We provide an overview of the recent theoretical and experimental advances in the study of second sound in ultracold atomic gases .	Starting from the Landau two fluid hydrodynamic equations we develop the theory of first and second sound in various configurations characterized by different geometries and quantum statistics .	These include the weakly interacting 3D Bose gas , the strongly interacting Fermi gas at unitarity in the presence of highly elongated traps and the dilute 2D Bose gas , characterized by the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition .	An explicit comparison with the propagation of second sound in liquid Helium is carried out to elucidate the main analogies and differences .
+3	A 0+ state with an alpha reduced width exceeding the single particle limit was identified at an excitation energy of 9.9+/-0.3 MeV .	The structure of the 18O nucleus at excitation energies above the alpha decay threshold was studied using 14C+alpha resonance elastic scattering .	A number of states with large alpha reduced widths have been observed , indicating that the alpha-cluster degree of freedom plays an important role in this N not equal Z nucleus .	However , the alpha-cluster structure of this nucleus is very different from the relatively simple pattern of strong alpha-cluster quasi-rotational bands in the neighboring 16O and 20Ne nuclei .	We discuss evidence that states of this kind are common in light nuclei and give possible explanations of this feature .
+2	The method involves approximate self-consistent solutions of the Bogolubov-de $ \ , $ Gennes equations on finite square lattices .	A numerical approach to disordered 2D superconductors described by BCS mean field theory is outlined .	The energy gap and the superfluid density at zero temperature and the quasiparticle density of states are studied .	Where comparison is possible , the results of standard analytic approaches to this problem are reproduced .	Detailed modeling of impurity effects is practical using this approach .
+1	Different from state-of-the-art methods for shadow-free image that either need shadow detection or statistical learning , we set up a linear equation set for each pixel value vector based on physically-based shadow invariants , deduce a pixel-wise orthogonal decomposition for its solutions , and then get an illumination invariant vector for each pixel value vector on an image .	In this paper , we propose a novel , effective and fast method to obtain a color illumination invariant and shadow-free image from a single outdoor image .	The illumination invariant vector is the unique particular solution of the linear equation set , which is orthogonal to its free solutions .	With this illumination invariant vector and Lab color space , we propose an algorithm to generate a shadow-free image which well preserves the texture and color information of the original image .	A series of experiments on a diverse set of outdoor images and the comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods validate our method .
+2	We show here that any two SL ( 2 ) -homomorphisms which are optimal for X are conjugate under the connected centralizer of X .	Let G be a semisimple group over an algebraically closed field of very good characteristic for G. In the context of geometric invariant theory , G. Kempf has associated optimal cocharacters of G to an unstable vector in a linear G-representation .	If the nilpotent element X in Lie ( G ) lies in the image of the differential of a homomorphism SL ( 2 ) -- & gt ; G , we say that homomorphism is optimal for X , or simply optimal , provided that its restriction to a suitable torus of SL ( 2 ) is optimal for X in Kempf 's sense .	This implies , for example , that there is a unique conjugacy class of principal homomorphisms for G. We show that the image of an optimal SL ( 2 ) -homomorphism is a completely reducible subgroup of G ; this is a notion defined recently by J-P. Serre .	Finally , if G is defined over the ( arbitrary ) subfield K of k , and if X in Lie ( G ) ( K ) is a K-rational nilpotent element whose p-th power is 0 , we show that there is an optimal homomorphism for X which is defined over K .
+3	The emission domain is mainly located inside the event horizon .	This paper argues that the effect of Hawking radiation on an astrophysical black hole situated in a realistic cosmological context is not total evaporation of the black hole ; rather there will always be a remnant mass .	The key point is that the locus of emission of Hawking radiation is not the globally defined event horizon .	Rather the emission domain lies just outside a timelike Marginal Outer Trapped Surface that is locally defined .	A spacelike singularity forms behind the event horizon , and most of the Hawking radiation ends up at this singularity rather than at infinity .
+1	For some systems , the total error scaling can be quadratically reduced at a fixed maximum transfer rate .	We present a technique that dramatically improves the accuracy of adiabatic state transfer for a broad class of realistic Hamiltonians .	These improvements rely only on the judicious choice of the total evolution time .	Our technique is error-robust , and hence applicable to existing experiments utilizing adiabatic passage .	We give two examples as proofs-of-principle , showing quadratic error reductions for an adiabatic search algorithm and a tunable two-qubit quantum logic gate .
+4	It presents a time-delay with a transient time that is a function of the extinction length for reflection geometry and of the extinction length combined with the thickness of the grating for transmission geometry .	The time-dependent Bragg diffraction by multilayer gratings working by reflection or by transmission is investigated .	The study is performed by generalizing the time-dependent coupled-wave theory previously developed for one-dimensional photonic crystal [ Andr { \'e } J-M and Jonnard P , J. Opt .	17 , 085609 ( 2015 ) ] and also by extending the Takagi-Taupin approach of the dynamical theory of diffraction .	The indicial response is calculated .
+2	These conditions differ somewhat from those in case of first- and second-sound waves .	Formation of fourth-sound shock waves in narrow channels filled with superfluid helium is studied .	Physical and mathematical conditions at the surface of discontinuity are established .	The velocity of discontinuity coincides with that of fourth sound .	The jumps of temperature and the superfluid velocity are shown to be of the first order as to the pressure jumps .
+0	Type theories with higher-order subtyping or singleton types are examples of systems where computation rules for variables are affected by type information in the context .	A complication for these systems is that bounds declared in the context do not interact well with the logical relation proof of completeness or termination .	This paper proposes a natural modification to the type syntax for F-Omega-Sub , adding variable 's bound to the variable type constructor , thereby separating the computational behavior of the variable from the context .	The algorithm for subtyping in F-Omega-Sub can then be given on types without context or kind information .	As a consequence , the metatheory follows the general approach for type systems without computational information in the context , including a simple logical relation definition without Kripke-style indexing by context .
+3	We provide an order theoretical characterization of this operation .	As far as algebraic properties are concerned , the usual addition on the class of ordinal numbers is not really well behaved ; for example , it is not commutative , nor left cancellative etc .	In a few cases , the natural Hessemberg sum is a better alternative , since it shares most of the usual properties of the addition on the naturals .	A countably infinite version of the natural sum has been used in a recent paper by V\ '' a\ '' an\ '' anen and Wang , with applications to infinitary logics .	We show that this countable natural sum differs from the more usual infinite ordinal sum only for an initial finite `` head '' and agrees on the remaining infinite `` tail '' .
+4	In this context , we examined five aspects of the organization and mining of malaria genomic and post-genomic data : 1 ) the comparison of protein sequences including compositionally atypical malaria sequences , 2 ) the high throughput reconstruction of molecular phylogenies , 3 ) the representation of biological processes particularly metabolic pathways , 4 ) the versatile methods to integrate genomic data , biological representations and functional profiling obtained from X-omic experiments after drug treatments and 5 ) the determination and prediction of protein structures and their molecular docking with drug candidate structures .	The organization and mining of malaria genomic and post-genomic data is highly motivated by the necessity to predict and characterize new biological targets and new drugs .	Biological targets are sought in a biological space designed from the genomic data from Plasmodium falciparum , but using also the millions of genomic data from other species .	Drug candidates are sought in a chemical space containing the millions of small molecules stored in public and private chemolibraries .	Data management should therefore be as reliable and versatile as possible .
+4	We also formulate a general result on automorphisms of affine varieties .	We determine the automorphism group for a large class of affine quadric hypersurfaces over a field , viewed as affine algebraic varieties .	In particular , we find that the group of real polynomial automorphisms of the n-sphere is just the orthogonal group O ( n+1 ) whenever n is a power of 2 .	It is not known whether the same is true for arbitrary n. The proof uses Karpenko 's theorem that certain projective quadrics over a field are not ruled .	That is , they are not birational over the given field to the product of any variety with the projective line .
+1	The Raman transition is pumped by a narrow linewidth ( & lt ; 50 kHz ) 1064 nm continuous-wave ( CW ) fiber laser .	We demonstrate sensitive high-resolution stimulated Raman measurements of hydrogen using a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber ( HC-PCF ) .	The probe light is produced by a homebuilt CW optical parametric oscillator ( OPO ) , tunable from around 800 nm to 1300 nm ( linewidth ~ 5 MHz ) .	These narrow linewidth lasers allow for an excellent spectral resolution of approximately 10^-4 cm^ ( -1 ) .	The setup employs a differential measurement technique for noise rejection in the probe beam , which also eliminates background signals from the fiber .
+4	We explain the $ MI $ transition in $ R $ NiO $ _3 $ perovskites in terms of modifications in the Ni $ ^ { 3+ } $ crystal field splitting that induces a spin transition from an essentially low-spin ( LS ) to a mixed-spin state .	We report on a Ni L $ _ { 2,3 } $ edges x-ray absorption spectroscopy ( XAS ) study in $ R $ NiO $ _3 $ perovskites .	These compounds exhibit a metal to insulator ( $ MI $ ) transition as temperature decreases .	The L $ _ { 3 } $ edge presents a clear splitting in the insulating state , associated to a less hybridized ground state .	Using charge transfer multiplet calculations , we establish the importance of the crystal field and 3d spin-orbit coupling to create a mixed-spin ground state .
+3	The spinor differential geometry of ha-spaces is constructed .	We formulate the theory of field interactions with higher order anisotropy .	The concepts of higher order anisotropic space and locally anisotropic space ( in brief , ha-space and la-space ) are introduced as general ones for various types of higher order extensions of Lagrange and Finsler geometry and higher dimension ( Kaluza-Klein type ) spaces .	The spinors on ha-spaces are defined in the framework of the geometry of Clifford bundles provided with compatible nonlinear and distinguished connections and metric structures ( d-connection and d-metric ) .	There are discussed some related issues connected with the physical aspects of higher order anisotropic interactions for gravitational , gauge , spinor , Dirac spinor and Proca fields .
+0	In this paper , we present an overview of a multimodal system to indexing and searching video sequence by the content that has been developed within the REGIMVid project .	A large part of our system has been developed as part of TRECVideo evaluation .	The MAVSIR platform provides High-level feature extraction from audio-visual content and concept/event-based video retrieval .	We illustrate the architecture of the system as well as provide an overview of the descriptors supported to date .	Then we demonstrate the usefulness of the toolbox in the context of feature extraction , concepts/events learning and retrieval in large collections of video surveillance dataset .
+2	The photometric data are then compared to population synthesis models to infer the masses and ages of the star clusters .	We present a study of the properties of the star-cluster systems around pseudo-bulges of late-type spiral galaxies using a sample of 11 galaxies with distances from 17 to 37 Mpc .	Star clusters are identified from multiband HST ACS and WFPC2 imaging data by combining detections in 3 bands ( F435W and F814W with ACS and F606W with WFPC2 ) .	Photometric errors and completeness are estimated by means of artificial source Monte Carlo simulations .	Dust extinction is estimated by considering F160W NICMOS observations of the central regions of the galaxies , augmenting our wavelength coverage .
+1	The ultrafast energy relaxation in graphene occurs through two competing pathways : carrier-carrier scattering -- creating an elevated carrier temperature -- and optical phonon emission .	For most optoelectronic applications of graphene a thorough understanding of the processes that govern energy relaxation of photoexcited carriers is essential .	At present , it is not clear what determines the dominating relaxation pathway .	Here we reach a unifying picture of the ultrafast energy relaxation by investigating the terahertz photoconductivity , while varying the Fermi energy , photon energy , and fluence over a wide range .	We find that sufficiently low fluence ( $ \lesssim $ 4 $ \mu $ J/cm $ ^2 $ ) in conjunction with sufficiently high Fermi energy ( $ \gtrsim $ 0.1 eV ) gives rise to energy relaxation that is dominated by carrier-carrier scattering , which leads to efficient carrier heating .
+0	This paper formulates an elementary algorithm for resolution of singularities in a neighborhood of a singular point over a field of characteristic zero .	The algorithm is composed of finite sequences of Newton polyhedra and monomial transformations and based on Weierstrass preparation theorem .	This approach entails such new methods as canonical reduction and synthesis of monomial transformations as well as latency and revival of primary variables .	The orders of primary variables serve as the decreasing singularity invariants for the algorithm albeit with some temporary increases .	A finite partition of unity in a neighborhood of the singular point is constructed in an inductive way depending on the topological constraint imposed by Euler characteristic of the normal vector set of Newton polyhedron .
+4	In addition , although the main conclusion of BPB is that there is no turbulence observed in their experiment , it actually is observed .	The paper by Beya et al .	( 2012 , hereinafter BPB ) has a general title of Turbulence Beneath Finite Amplitude Water Waves , but is solely dedicated to discussing the experiment by Babanin and Haus ( 2009 , hereinafter BH ) who conducted measurements of wave-induced non-breaking turbulence by particle image velocimetry ( PIV ) .	The authors of BPB conclude that their observations contradict those of BH .	Here we argue that the outcomes of BPB do not contradict BH .
+2	As the source decayed , the X-ray flux dropped exponentially with an e-folding time of 14.4 d. The exponential decay was interrupted by an increase in the X-ray flux , and a secondary maximum occurred 89 d after the onset of the outburst .	We report on the X-ray spectral and timing behavior of the recurrent X-ray transient 4U 1630-47 for 51 RXTE observations made during the decay of its 1998 outburst .	The observations began when the source was still relatively bright , and , during one of the early observations , a QPO with a non-Lorentzian profile occurred near 6 Hz .	A transition marked by significant changes in the timing and spectral properties of the source occurred 104 d after the start of the outburst .	The transition is similar to soft-to-hard state transitions observed in other black hole candidate X-ray binaries .
+0	We calculate numerical solutions and analytic approximations for the intermediate-type spectral distortions .	Detection of a \mu-type distortion ( saturated comptonization ) in the CMB will constrain the time of energy injection to be at a redshift 2x10^6 & gt ; z & gt ; 2x10^5 , while a detection of a y-type distortion ( minimal comptonization ) will mean that there was heating of CMB at redshift z & lt ; 1.5x10^4 .	We point out that the partially comptonized spectral distortions , generated in the redshift range 1.5x10^4 & lt ; z x 2x10^5 , are much richer in information than the pure y and \mu-type distortions .	The spectrum created during this period is intermediate between y and \mu-type distortions and depends sensitively on the redshift of energy injection .	These intermediate-type distortions can not be mimicked by a mixture of y and \mu-type distortions at all frequencies and vice versa .
+4	We prove that the $ \sigma $ -sequence can not be defined by iteration of a morphism .	Berstel proved that the Arshon sequence can not be obtained by iteration of a morphism .	An alternative proof of this fact is given here .	The $ \sigma $ -sequence was constructed by Evdokimov in order to construct chains of maximal length in the n-dimensional unit cube .	It turns out that the $ \sigma $ -sequence has a close connection to the Dragon curve .
+4	We also study the behaviour as the number of particles goes to infinity and show quantitative estimates on the convergence rate of the first marginal .	This paper studies the existence , uniqueness and convergence to non-equilibrium steady states in Kac 's model with an external coupling .	We work in both Fourier distances and Wasserstein distances .	Our methods work in the case where the external coupling is not a Maxwellian equilibrium .	This provides an example of a non-equilibrium steady state .
+0	The reaction p ( e , e'pi+ ) n was measured at the Mainz Microtron MAMI at an invariant mass of W=1125 MeV and four-momentum transfers of Q^2=0.117 , 0.195 and 0.273 ( GeV/c ) ^2 .	For each value of Q^2 , a Rosenbluth separation of the transverse and longitudinal cross sections was performed .	An effective Lagrangian model was used to extract the `axial mass ' from experimental data .	We find a value of M_A= ( 1.077+-0.039 ) GeV which is ( 0.051+-0.044 ) GeV larger than the axial mass known from neutrino scattering experiments .	This is consistent with recent calculations in chiral perturbation theory .
+1	We do not supply it too .	There is no proof yet of convergence of Genetic Algorithms .	Instead , we present some thoughts and arguments to convince the Reader , that Genetic Algorithms are essentially bound for success .	For this purpose , we consider only the crossover operators , single- or multiple-point , together with selection procedure .	We also give a proof that the soft selection is superior to other selection schemes .
+0	We perform 3D numerical simulations in full general relativity to study the stability of rapidly rotating , supramassive neutron stars at the mass-shedding limit to dynamical collapse .	We adopt an adiabatic equation of state with $ \Gamma = 2 $ and focus on uniformly rotating stars .	We find that the onset of dynamical instability along mass-shedding sequences nearly coincides with the onset of secular instability .	Unstable stars collapse to rotating black holes within about one rotation period .	We also study the collapse of stable stars which have been destabilized by pressure depletion ( e.g.via a phase transition ) or mass accretion .
+3	$ M $ has broader applicability and can be faster than Levin 's universal search , the fastest method for inverting functions save for a large multiplicative constant .	An algorithm $ M $ is described that solves any well-defined problem $ p $ as quickly as the fastest algorithm computing a solution to $ p $ , save for a factor of 5 and low-order additive terms .	$ M $ optimally distributes resources between the execution of provably correct $ p $ -solving programs and an enumeration of all proofs , including relevant proofs of program correctness and of time bounds on program runtimes .	$ M $ avoids Blum 's speed-up theorem by ignoring programs without correctness proof .	An extension of Kolmogorov complexity and two novel natural measures of function complexity are used to show that the most efficient program computing some function $ f $ is also among the shortest programs provably computing $ f $ .
+2	A total-coloring of a graph is a { \it total monochromatically-connecting coloring } ( { \it TMC-coloring } , for short ) if any two vertices of the graph are connected by a total monochromatic path of the graph .	A graph is said to be { \it total-colored } if all the edges and the vertices of the graph are colored .	A path in a total-colored graph is a { \it total monochromatic path } if all the edges and internal vertices on the path have the same color .	For a connected graph $ G $ , the { \it total monochromatic connection number } , denoted by $ tmc ( G ) $ , is defined as the maximum number of colors used in a TMC-coloring of $ G $ .	These concepts are inspired by the concepts of monochromatic connection number $ mc ( G ) $ , monochromatic vertex connection number $ mvc ( G ) $ and total rainbow connection number $ trc ( G ) $ of a connected graph $ G $ .
+3	Moreover , we prove an a-adic duality theorem , which links a Cuntz-Li algebra with a corresponding dynamical system on the real numbers .	The a-adic numbers are those groups that arise as Hausdorff completions of noncyclic subgroups of the rational numbers .	We give a crossed product construction of ( stabilized ) Cuntz-Li algebras coming from the a-adic numbers and investigate the structure of the associated algebras .	In particular , these algebras are in many cases Kirchberg algebras in the UCT class .	The paper also contains an appendix where a nonabelian version of the `` subgroup of dual group theorem '' is given in the setting of coactions .
+1	The plot of the cumulative number of murders as a function of time is of `` Devil 's staircase '' type .	We analyze the time pattern of the activity of a serial killer , who during twelve years had murdered 53 people .	The distribution of the intervals between murders ( step length ) follows a power law with the exponent of 1.4 .	We propose a model according to which the serial killer commits murders when neuronal excitation in his brain exceeds certain threshold .	We model this neural activity as a branching process , which in turn is approximated by a random walk .
+0	Spaces of constant curvature and their motion groups are described most naturally in Cartesian basis .	All these motion groups also known as CK groups are obtained from orthogonal group by contractions and analytical continuations .	On the other hand quantum deformation of orthogonal group $ SO ( N ) $ is most easily performed in so-called symplectic basis .	We reformulate its standard quantum deformation to Cartesian basis and obtain all possible contractions of quantum orthogonal group $ SO_q ( N ) $ both for untouched and transformed deformation parameter .	It turned out , that similar to undeformed case all CK contractions of $ SO_q ( N ) $ are realized .
+3	Along the way , the early-time super-horizon behavior for the resulting fluid modes is derived in conformal Newtonian gauge , and tight-coupling transfer function approximations are given .	The damping of primordial perturbations at small scales gives rise to distortions of the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) .	Here , the dependence of the distortion on the different types of cosmological initial conditions is explored , covering adiabatic , baryon/cold dark matter isocurvature , neutrino density/velocity isocurvature modes and some mixtures .	The radiation transfer functions for each mode are determined and then used to compute the dissipative heating rates and spectral distortion signatures , utilizing both analytic estimates and numerical results from the thermalization code CosmoTherm .	CMB spectral distortions caused by different perturbation modes can be estimated using simple k-space window functions which are provided here .
+3	These limitations stem directly from the recoverability condition for one-photon loss .	We consider quantum error-correction codes for multimode bosonic systems , such as optical fields , that are affected by amplitude damping .	Such a process is a generalization of an erasure channel .	We demonstrate that the most accessible method of transforming optical systems with the help of passive linear networks has limited usefulness in preparing and manipulating such codes .	We introduce a three-photon code protecting against the first order of amplitude damping , i.e.a single photon loss , and discuss its preparation using linear optics with single-photon sources and conditional detection .
+4	Two and three point tachyon amplitudes are computed in this new scenario and the results coincide with previous reports in the literature .	The computation of two and three point functions in the Coulomb gas free field approach to string theory in the SL ( 2 , R ) /U ( 1 ) black hole background is reviewed .	An interesting relation arises when comparing the results obtained using two different screening operators .	The formalism is then modified to study string theory propagating in AdS $ _3 $ which is considered as the direct product of the SL ( 2 ) /U ( 1 ) coset times a timelike free boson .	This representation allows to naturally include the spectral flow symmetry and winding number in vertex operators and correlation functions .
+2	Previous studies of chemistry/physics in these disks have neglected the impact of ionization by SLRs , and often consider only cosmic rays ( CRs ) , because of the high CR-rate present in the ISM .	We present simple analytic solutions for the ionization rate $ \zeta_ { \rm { SLR } } $ arising from the decay of short-lived radionuclides ( SLRs ) within protoplanetary disks .	We solve the radiative transfer problem for the decay products within the disk , and thereby allow for the loss of radiation at low disk surface densities ; energy loss becomes important outside $ R\gtrsim30 $ for typical disk masses $ M_g=0.04 $ M $ _\odot $ .	However , recent work suggests that the flux of CRs present in the circumstellar environment could be substantially reduced by relatively modest stellar winds , resulting in severely modulated CR ionization rates , $ \zeta_ { \rm { CR } } $ , equal to or substantially below that of SLRs ( $ \zeta_ { \rm { SLR } } \lesssim10^ { -18 } $ s $ ^ { -1 } $ ) .	We compute the net ionizing particle fluxes and corresponding ionization rates as a function of position within the disk for a variety of disk models .
+4	Here we study a variety of nonlocal statistics for these networks , such as typical distances between research areas through the network , and measures of centrality such as betweenness .	Using the requisition papers of Chinese Nature Science Basic Research in management and information department , we construct the weighted network of research areas ( { \bf WRAN } ) represented by the subject codes .	In WRAN , two research areas are considered connected if they have been filled in at least one requisition paper .	The edge weight is defined as the number of requisition papers which have filled in the same pairs of codes .	The node strength is defined as the number of requisition papers which have filled in this code , including the papers which have filled in it only .
+2	The charged lepton identifies the flavor of one B meson at its decay time , the flavor of the other B is determined by kaon tagging .	We describe in detail a previously published measurement of CP violation induced by B0-anti B0 oscillations , based on an integrated luminosity of 425.7 fb-1 collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEPII collider .	We apply a novel technique to a sample of about 6 million B0bar - & gt ; D*+ l- nubar decays selected with partial reconstruction of the D*+ meson .	We determine a CP violating asymmetry ACP = ( 0.0006 +- 0.0017 + 0.0038 - 0.0032 ) .	This measurement is consistent and competitive with those obtained at the B factories with dilepton events .
+1	This idea has been successfully applied within the setting of group field theory ( GFT ) , a quantum field theory of 'atoms of space ' which can form such a condensate .	One proposal for deriving effective cosmological models from theories of quantum gravity is to view the former as a mean-field ( hydrodynamic ) description of the latter , which describes a universe formed by a 'condensate ' of quanta of geometry .	We further clarify the interpretation of this mean-field approximation , and show how it can be used to obtain a semiclassical description of the GFT , in which the mean field encodes a classical statistical distribution of geometric data .	In this sense , GFT condensates are quantum homogeneous geometries that also contain statistical information about cosmological inhomogeneities .	We show in the isotropic case how this information can be extracted from geometric GFT observables and mapped to quantities of observational interest .
+4	We also show how the `` No Parallel Crossing '' requirement can be used to evaluate the provable glassiness of other correlated percolation models , by looking at models with more stable directions than the knights model .	We investigate kinetically constrained models of glassy transitions , and determine which model characteristics are crucial in allowing a rigorous proof that such models have discontinuous transitions with faster than power law diverging length and time scales .	The models we investigate have constraints similar to that of the knights model , introduced by Toninelli , Biroli , and Fisher ( TBF ) , but differing neighbor relations .	We find that such knights-like models , otherwise known as models of jamming percolation , need a `` No Parallel Crossing '' rule for the TBF proof of a glassy transition to be valid .	Furthermore , most knight-like models fail a `` No Perpendicular Crossing '' requirement , and thus need modification to be made rigorous .
+3	The observation of the first $ \nu_\tau $ candidate event and the analysis of the 2008-2009 neutrino sample have been reported in previous publications .	The OPERA neutrino experiment is designed to perform the first observation of neutrino oscillations in direct appearance mode in the $ \nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau $ channel , via the detection of the $ \tau $ -leptons created in charged current $ \nu_\tau $ interactions .	The detector , located in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory , consists of an emulsion/lead target with an average mass of about 1.2 kt , complemented by electronic detectors .	It is exposed to the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso beam , with a baseline of 730 km and a mean energy of 17 GeV .	This work describes substantial improvements in the analysis and in the evaluation of the detection efficiencies and backgrounds using new simulation tools .
+2	For this infinite MPS ansatz to be useful it is necessary to be able to calculate expectation values , and we show here that a large class of observables , including operators transforming under lattice translations as eigenstates of arbitrary momentum $ k $ , can be represented in the Schur form of a lower or upper triangular matrix and we present an algorithm for evaluating such expectation values in the asymptotic limit .	Matrix Product State ( MPS ) wavefunctions have many applications in quantum information and condensed matter physics .	One application is to represent states in the thermodynamic limit directly , using a small set of position independent matrices .	The sum or the product of two such Schur operators is also a Schur operator , and is easily constructed to give a simple method of constructing arbitrary polynomial combinations of operators .	Some simple examples are the variance $ \langle ( H-E ) ^2\rangle $ of an infinite MPS , which gives a simple method of evaluating the accuracy of a numerical approximation to a eigenstate , or a vertex operator $ \langle c^\dagger_ { k_1 } c^\dagger_ { k_2 } c_ { k_4 } c_ { k_3 } \rangle $ .
+4	We prove that in the limit of infinitely large penalties , one-local errors are completely suppressed , and we derive some bounds for the finite penalty case .	We consider the use of quantum error detecting codes , together with energy penalties against leaving the codespace , as a method for suppressing environmentally induced errors in Hamiltonian based quantum computation .	This method was introduced in [ 1 ] in the context of quantum adiabatic computation , but we consider it more generally .	Specifically , we consider a computational Hamiltonian , which has been encoded using the logical qubits of a single-qubit error detecting code , coupled to an environment of qubits by interaction terms that act one-locally on the system .	Energy penalty terms are added that penalize states outside of the codespace .
+3	The attributes of three or more entangled particles are fundamentally different from those of two entangled particles [ 10-14 ] .	Entangled quantum particles have correlations stronger than those allowed by classical physics .	These correlations are the focus of of the deepest issues in quantum mechanics [ 1-3 ] and are the basis of many quantum technologies .	The entanglement of discrete particle properties has been studied extensively in the context of quantum computing [ 4 ] , cryptography [ 5 ] , and quantum repeaters [ 6 ] while entanglement between the continuous properties of particles may play a critical role in improving the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors [ 7,8 ] , atomic clocks [ 9 ] , and other high precision instruments .	While the discrete variables of up to 14 ions [ 15 ] and the continuous variables between three intense optical beams [ 16 , 17 ] have been entangled , it has remained an open challenge to entangle the continuous properties of more than two individual particles .
+0	We report what we believe to be the lowest phase noise optical-to-microwave frequency division using fiber-based femtosecond optical frequency combs : a residual phase noise of -120dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from a 11.55GHz carrier frequency .	We furthermore report a detailed investigation into the fundamental noise sources which afflicts the division process itself .	Two frequency combs with quasi-identical configurations are referenced to a common ultrastable cavity laser source .	To identify each of the limiting effects we implement an ultra-low noise carrier-suppression measurement system , which circumvents the detection and amplification noise of more conventional techniques .	This technique now allows the suppression of these unwanted sources of noise to very low levels .
+3	In particular the effect of mixing with $ \ { 27\ } $ is found to be quite large .	We study the effect of representation mixing in the SU ( 3 ) Skyme model by diagonalizing exactly the representation-dependent part .	It is observed that even without the next-to-leading order symmetry breaking terms the low-lying baryon masses as well as the recently discovered $ \Theta+ $ and $ \Cascade_ { \bar { 10 } } $ can be fairly well reproduced within 3 % accuracy .	It is also demonstrated that the mixing effect is not negligible in decay processes of $ \ { \bar { 10 } \ } $ .	These results are compatible with the second-order perturbation scheme .
+1	They are also increasingly important as an enabling technology for experimental cavity quantum electrodynamics , quantum information processing and matter wave interferometry .	Laser cooled atoms are central to modern precision measurements .	Although significant progress has been made in miniaturising atomic metrological devices , these are limited in accuracy by their use of hot atomic ensembles and buffer gases .	Advances have also been made in producing portable apparatus that benefit from the advantages of atoms in the microKelvin regime .	However , simplifying atomic cooling and loading using microfabrication technology has proved difficult .
+3	We study the quotient complexity , more commonly known as state complexity , of operations in the classes of bifix- , factor- , and subword-free regular languages .	A language L is prefix-free if , whenever words u and v are in L and u is a prefix of v , then u=v .	Suffix- , factor- , and subword-free languages are defined similarly , where `` subword '' means `` subsequence '' .	A language is bifix-free if it is both prefix- and suffix-free .	We find tight upper bounds on the quotient complexity of intersection , union , difference , symmetric difference , concatenation , star , and reversal in these three classes of languages .
+3	These coefficients represent the conductivity of a composite material .	We solve elliptic systems of equations posed on highly heterogeneous materials .	Examples of this class of problems are composite structures and geological processes .	We focus on a model problem which is a second-order elliptic equation with discontinuous coefficients .	We assume a background with low conductivity that contains inclusions with different thermal properties .
+0	We report photometric observations of AL Com during its rare outburst in 2007 .	The light curve is reminiscent of its past superoutbursts in 1995 and 2001 , except for the rebrightening phase after the main superoutburst .	During the rebrightening phase in 2007 , we found clear modulations between V=16.2-15.2 .	In conjunction with the lack of prominent superhumps in our time-series observations , the modulations can most naturally be interpreted as repetitive short rebrightenings with a cycle of 1-2 days .	The rebrightening characteristics in 2007 are different from those in 1995 and 2001 .
+3	We numerically investigate the stress-strain behavior , the strength of the system , how it scales with the system size and also it 's fluctuation for both uniformly and weibull distributed breaking threshold of the elements in the system .	We present a statistical model which is able to capture some interesting features exhibited in the Brazilian test .	The model is based on breakable elements which break when the force experienced by the elements exceed their own load capacity .	In this model when an element breaks , the capacity of the neighboring elements are decreased by a certain amount assuming weakening effect around the defected zone .	We find that the strength of the system approaches it 's asymptotic value $ \sigma_c=1/6 $ and $ \sigma_c=5/18 $ for uniformly and Weibull distributed breaking threshold of the elements respectively .
+1	The dependences of the photon rates on the jet kinematic characteristics ( momentum , mass , etc . )	An analysis of the direct soft photon production rate as a function of the parent jet characteristics is presented , based on hadronic events collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP1 .	and on the jet charged , neutral and total hadron multiplicities are reported .	Up to a scale factor of about four , which characterizes the overall value of the soft photon excess , a similarity of the observed soft photon behaviour to that of the inner hadronic bremsstrahlung predictions is found for the momentum , mass , and jet charged multiplicity dependences .	However for the dependence of the soft photon rate on the jet neutral and total hadron multiplicities a prominent difference is found for the observed soft photon signal as compared to the expected bremsstrahlung from final state hadrons .
+4	Using the rigorous criterion , we show that the crossover of particle dynamics and key liquid properties occurs at the same line .	Recently , we have proposed a new dynamic line on the phase diagram in the supercritical region .	Crossing this line corresponds to the radical changes of the fluid properties .	Here , we focus on the dynamics of model Lennard-Jones and Soft-Sphere fluids .	We show that the change of the dynamics from the liquid-like to gas-like can be established on the basis of the velocity autocorrelation function and mean-square displacement .
+4	We consider the effect on the mass of the light modes of various parameters , including the curvature of the space in the IR .	We consider fermions propagating in the bulk of the geometry found by deforming AdS , in 5 dimensions , via the back reaction of a scalar field upon the metric .	This space is AdS for r asymptotically large ( in the UV ) but goes through a transition at a point , into another AdS space with different curvature in the IR .	Masses are generated for these fermions via electroweak symmetry breaking , by coupling them to a VEV on the IR boundary .	We calculate the mass spectrum in four dimensions , comparing approximate results and results found by solving the full system of bulk equations and boundary conditions .
+4	The central condensation disappeared about November 28.5 and the leading edge became progressively more elongated until perihelion .	We present photometric and morphological analysis of the behavior of sungrazing comet C/2012 S1 ISON in SOHO and STEREO images around its perihelion on 2013 November 28.779 UT .	ISON brightened gradually November 20-26 with a superimposed outburst on November 21.3-23.5 .	The slope of brightening changed about November 26.7 and was significantly steeper in SOHO 's orange and clear filter images until November 27.9 when it began to flatten out , reaching a peak about November 28.1 ( $ r_H { \sim } 17 R_\odot $ ) , then fading before brightening again from November 28.6 ( $ r_H { \sim } 5 R_\odot $ ) until disappearing behind the occulting disc .	ISON brightened continuously as it approached perihelion while visible in all other telescopes/filters .
+4	For single-phase grids , our proximal gradient scheme has computational complexity comparable to that of the rule suggested by the IEEE 1547.8 standard , but it enjoys well-characterized convergence guarantees .	Time-varying renewable energy generation can result in serious under-/over-voltage conditions in future distribution grids .	Augmenting conventional utility-owned voltage regulating equipment with the reactive power capabilities of distributed generation units is a viable solution .	Local control options attaining global voltage regulation optimality at fast convergence rates is the goal here .	In this context , novel reactive power control rules are analyzed under a unifying linearized grid model .
+0	We present a fast and efficient tight-binding ( TB ) method for simulating scanning tunneling microscopy ( STM ) imaging of adsorbate molecules on ultrathin insulating films .	Due to the electronic decoupling of the molecule from the metal surface caused by the presence of the insulating overlayer , the STM images of the frontier molecular orbitals can be simulated using a very efficient scheme , which also enables the analysis of phase shifts in the STM current .	Au-pentacene complex adsorbed on a NaCl bilayer on Cu substrate provides an intricate model system , which has been previously studied both experimentally and theoretically .	Our calculations indicate that the complicated shape of the molecular orbitals may cause multivalued constant current surfaces -- leading to ambiguity of the STM image .	The results obtained using the TB method are found to be consistent with both DFT calculations and experimental data .
+2	Spectroscopic analyses of these stars reveal , however , that one of the four HB candidate targets in 47 Tuc , and five out of the eight targets in NGC 362 are probably background stars belonging to the Small Magellanic Cloud .	Atmospheric parameters ( effective temperature , surface gravity ) and radial velocities are derived for 12 candidate blue horizontal branch ( HB ) stars in the globular clusters 47 Tuc and NGC 362 , which so far have been known to contain primarily red HB stars .	The spectroscopic targets were selected from the catalog of hot stars detected in these clusters at 1600 A using the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope ( UIT ) .	With the exception of the photometric binary MJ38529 in 47 Tuc , the parameters of those stars that are probable members of 47 Tuc and NGC 362 agree well with canonical HB evolution .	The three hot stars in 47 Tuc all have 10,000 K & lt ; Teff & lt ; 15,000 K and include one photometric binary , which suggests that they might have a different physical origin than the dominant red HB population .
+3	It is shown that this metallic-like behavior can be attributed both to surface ( 2D ) conduction states , as may be expected in case of a topological insulator , as well as to the highly correlated many-body ( 3D ) bulk ground state which is formed within the gap of this compound .	Samarium hexaboride ( SmB6 ) has recently been considered to be a topological Kondo insulator ( TKI ) , the first strongly correlated electron system to exhibit topological surface conduction states .	In this contribution , results of electrical resistivity measurements between 80 K and 0.08 K of various SmB6 single crystalline samples are presented , analyzed and discussed .	The received results imply that the residual conductivity of SmB6 below about 4 K is of non-activated ( metallic-like ) nature .	From this it follows that in SmB6 , where surface conductivity states are clearly present , there is in parallel also a bulk contribution to residual electrical conductivity originating from the strongly correlated electron system with valence fluctuations .
+4	Applications to noncommutative gauge field theories and phase space reduction of star products are discussed .	In this paper we establish a notion of deformation quantization of a surjective submersion which is specialized further to the case of a principal fibre bundle : the functions on the total space are deformed into a right module for the star product algebra of the functions on the base manifold .	In case of a principal fibre bundle we require in addition invariance under the principal action .	We prove existence and uniqueness of such deformations .	The commutant within all differential operators on the total space is computed and gives a deformation of the algebra of vertical differential operators .
+0	We present the discovery of a radio galaxy at a likely redshift of z = 4.424 in one of the flanking fields of the Hubble Deep Field .	Radio observations with the VLA and MERLIN centered on the HDF yielded a complete sample of microjansky radio sources , of which about 20 % have no optical counterpart to I & lt ; 25 mag .	In this Letter , we address the possible nature of one of these sources , through deep HST NICMOS images in the F110W ( J ) and F160W ( H ) filters .	VLA J123642+621331 has a single emission line at 6595-A , which we identify with Lyman-alpha at z = 4.424 .	We argue that this faint ( H = 23.9 mag ) , compact ( r = 0.2 arcsec ) , red ( I - K = 2.0 ) object is most likely a dusty , star-forming galaxy with an embedded active nucleus .
+1	An interesting question is : when is a given connected normal digraph distance-regular ?	It is known that every distance-regular digraph is connected and normal .	Motivated by this question first we give some characterizations of weakly distance-regular digraphs .	Specially we show that whether a given connected digraph to be weakly distance-regular only depends on the equality for two invariants .	Then we show that a connected normal digraph $ \G $ with $ d+1 $ distinct eigenvalues is distance-regular if and only if the simple excess ( the ratio of the square of mean of the numbers of shortest paths between vertices at distance $ d $ to the mean of the numbers of vertices at distance $ d $ from every vertex , which is zero if $ d $ is greater than the diameter ) is equal to the spectral excess ( a number which can be computed from the spectrum of $ \G $ ) .
+3	The polarisation curves for the last two jet types are shown here for the first time together with the computation of X-ray and radio polarised fluxes .	We numerically compute light and polarisation curves of gamma-ray burst afterglows for various configurations of the jet luminosity structure and for different dynamical evolutions .	We especially consider the standard homogeneous `` top hat '' jet and the `` universal structured jet '' with power-law wings .	We also investigate a possible more physical variation of the `` top hat '' model : the `` Gaussian jet '' .	We show that the lightcurves of the total flux from these configurations are very similar to each other , and therefore only very high quality data could allow us to pin down the underlying jet structure .
+0	We present a complete analysis of multipartite entanglement of three-mode Gaussian states of continuous variable systems .	We derive standard forms which characterize the covariance matrix of pure and mixed three-mode Gaussian states up to local unitary operations , showing that the local entropies of pure Gaussian states are bound to fulfill a relationship which is stricter than the general Araki-Lieb inequality .	Quantum correlations will be quantified by a proper convex roof extension of the squared logarithmic negativity ( the contangle ) , satisfying a monogamy relation for multimode Gaussian states , whose proof will be reviewed and elucidated .	The residual contangle , emerging from the monogamy inequality , is an entanglement monotone under Gaussian local operations and classical communication and defines a measure of genuine tripartite entanglement .	We analytically determine the residual contangle for arbitrary pure three-mode Gaussian states and study the distribution of quantum correlations for such states .
+4	Besides giving interesting bounds for their black-box complexities , our work reveals that the choice of how to model the optimization problem is non-trivial here .	Black-box complexity is a complexity theoretic measure for how difficult a problem is to be optimized by a general purpose optimization algorithm .	It is thus one of the few means trying to understand which problems are tractable for genetic algorithms and other randomized search heuristics .	Most previous work on black-box complexity is on artificial test functions .	In this paper , we move a step forward and give a detailed analysis for the two combinatorial problems minimum spanning tree and single-source shortest paths .
+3	It is shown that the relativistic and non-relativistic QED gives different results for this mass shift .	Bound state problem in the relativistic QED is investigated by the functional integral methods .	The ortho- para- positron mass difference is calculated .	Contribution of the `` nonphysical '' $ ~ $ time variable turned out to be important and leads to the nonanalytic dependence of the bound state mass of the order $ \alpha^ { { 2\over3 } } $ .	In addition so-called abnormal states as `` time excitations '' arise .
+1	The problem of the calculation of the spatial distributions of the electric field , ion velocity field , and the space charge density near the cone tip has been reduced to the analysis of a system of ordinary differential equations .	The influence of the space charge of ions emitted from the surface of a conical spike on its shape has been studied .	As a result of numerical solution of these equations , the criterion of the balance of the capillary and electrostatic forces on the conic surface of a liquid-metal anode has been determined .	It has allowed us to relate the electrical current flowing through the system , the applied potential difference and the cone angle .	We have compared the results of our calculations with available experimental data concerning emission from the surface of pure liquid gallium ( Ga ) , indium ( In ) , tin ( Sn ) , and some liquid alloys , such as Au+Si , Co+Ge , and Au+Ge .
+3	By comparing our Spitzer data to images from 2MASS obtained several years earlier , we find that the proper motions of HN Peg B and HD 3651 B are consistent with those of the primaries , confirming their companionship .	We report the discovery of T dwarf companions to the nearby stars HN Peg ( G0V , 18.4 pc , ~0.3 Gyr ) and HD 3651 ( K0V , 11.1 pc , ~7 Gyr ) .	During an ongoing survey of 5'x5 ' fields surrounding stars in the solar neighborhood with IRAC aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope , we identified these companions as candidate T dwarfs based on their mid-IR colors .	Using near-IR spectra obtained with SpeX at the NASA IRTF , we confirm the presence of methane absorption that characterizes T dwarfs and measure spectral types of T2.5+/-0.5 and T7.5+/-0.5 for HN Peg B and HD 3651 B , respectively .	HN Peg B and HD 3651 B have angular separations of 43.2 '' and 42.9 '' from their primaries , which correspond to projected physical separations of 795 and 476 AU , respectively .
+2	By analytic means , we show that when the binary orbit is eccentric , there exist components of the gravitational potential of the binary which rotate in a retrograde sense to the binary orbit and so rotate progradely with respect to this disc , allowing a resonant interaction to occur between the binary and the disc .	We analyse the interaction of an eccentric binary with a circular coplanar circumbinary disc that rotates in a retrograde sense with respect to the binary .	In the circular binary case , no Lindblad resonances lie within the disc and no Lindblad resonant torques are produced , as was previously known .	The resulting resonant torques distinctly alter the disc response from the circular binary case .	We describe results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to explore this effect and categorise the response of the disc in terms of modes whose strengths vary as a function of binary mass ratio and eccentricity .
+2	A fundamental result in this context is the so-called Yuzvinski Formula , showing that the value of the topological entropy of a full solenoidal automorphism coincides with the Mahler measure of its characteristic polynomial .	In 1965 Adler , Konheim and McAndrew defined the topological entropy for continuous self-maps of compact spaces .	Topological entropy is very well-understood for endomorphisms of compact Abelian groups .	In two papers of 1979 and 1981 Peters gave a different definition of entropy for automorphisms of locally compact Abelian groups .	This notion has been appropriately modified forendomorphisms in two recent papers , where it is called algebraic entropy .
+2	Infall motions are seen from inverse P-Cygni profiles observed in H2CO 3_12-2_11 toward both objects , but also in CS 3-2 and N2H+ 1-0 toward 4A , providing the least ambiguous evidence for such motions toward low-mass protostellar objects .	Millimeter wavelength observations are presented of NGC 1333 IRAS 4 , a group of highly-embedded young stellar objects in Perseus , that reveal motions of infall , outflow , rotation , and turbulence in the dense gas around its two brightest continuum objects , 4A and 4B .	These data have finest angular resolution of approximately 2 '' ( 0.0034 pc ) and finest velocity resolution of 0.13 km/s .	Outflow motions are probed by bright line wings of H2CO 3_12-2_11 and CS 3-2 observed at positions offset from 4A and 4B , likely tracing dense cavity walls .	Rotational motions of dense gas are traced by a systematic variation of the N2H+ line velocities , and such variations are found around 4A but not around 4B .
+4	In this context , the analysis reveals the interesting finding that proper calibration of user selection can allow for near-optimal ML-based decoding , with complexity that need not scale exponentially in the total number of codeword bits .	This work explores the rate-reliability-complexity limits of the quasi-static K-user multiple access channel ( MAC ) , with or without feedback .	Using high-SNR asymptotics , the work first derives bounds on the computational resources required to achieve near-optimal ( ML-based ) decoding performance .	It then bounds the ( reduced ) complexity needed to achieve any ( including suboptimal ) diversity-multiplexing performance tradeoff ( DMT ) performance , and finally bounds the same complexity , in the presence of feedback-aided user selection .	This latter effort reveals the ability of a few bits of feedback not only to improve performance , but also to reduce complexity .
+4	We apply our results to existing models , noting that upcoming direct detection experiments will constrain a large region of the relevant parameter space .	In existing dark matter models with global symmetries the relic abundance of dark matter is either equal to that of anti-dark matter ( thermal WIMP ) , or vastly larger , with essentially no remaining anti-dark matter ( asymmetric dark matter ) .	By exploring the consequences of a primordial asymmetry on the coupled dark matter and anti-dark matter Boltzmann equations we find large regions of parameter space that interpolate between these two extremes .	Interestingly , this new asymmetric WIMP framework can accommodate a wide range of dark matter masses and annihilation cross sections .	The present-day dark matter population is typically asymmetric , but only weakly so , such that indirect signals of dark matter annihilation are not completely suppressed .
+3	The angular and rapidity dependencies of the normalized second-order correlation function for present gluon states are studied at this stage of jet evolution .	We study evolution of colour gluon states in isolated QCD jet at the non-perturbative stage .	Fluctuations of gluons are less than those for coherent states under specific conditions .	This fact suggests that there gluon squeezed states can arise .	It is shown that these new gluon states can have both sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian statistics corresponding to , respectively , antibunching and bunching of gluons by analogy with squeezed photon states .
+0	In this note we show that the transfer operator of a Rauzy-Veech-Zorich renormalization map acting on a space of quasi-H\ '' older functions is quasicompact and derive certain statistical recurrence properties for this map and its associated Teichm\ '' uller flow .	We establish Borel-Cantelli lemmas , Extreme Value statistics and return time statistics for the map and flow .	Previous results have established quasicompactness in H\ '' older or analytic function spaces , for example the work of M. Pollicott and T. Morita .	The quasi-H\ '' older function space is particularly useful for investigating return time statistics .	In particular we establish the shrinking target property for nested balls in the setting of Teichm\ '' uller flow .
+1	Under continuous laser coupling we create a Rydberg ensemble in the strong blockade regime , which at longer times undergoes an ionization avalanche .	We report the sudden and spontaneous evolution of an initially correlated gas of repulsively interacting Rydberg atoms to an ultracold plasma .	By combining optical imaging and ion detection , we access the full information on the dynamical evolution of the system , including the rapid increase in the number of ions and a sudden depletion of the Rydberg and ground state densities .	Rydberg-Rydberg interactions are observed to strongly affect the dynamics of plasma formation .	Using a coupled rate-equation model to describe our data , we extract the average energy of electrons trapped in the plasma , and an effective cross-section for ionizing collisions between Rydberg atoms and atoms in low-lying states .
+1	In chapter 1 we describe why it is an interesting object and state main results .	The holomorph of a discrete group $ G $ is the universal semi-direct product of $ G $ .	In chapter 2 we recall the classical definition of the holomorph as well as this universal property , and give some group theoretic properties and examples of holomorphs .	In particular , we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a map of split extensions for holomorphs of two groups .	In chapter 3 we construct a resolution for $ Hol ( Z_ { p^r } ) $ for every prime $ p $ , where $ { \mathbb Z } _m $ denotes a cyclic group of order $ m $ , and use it to compute the integer homology and mod $ p $ cohomology ring of $ Hol ( Z_ { p^r } ) $ .
+3	A 80 , 032115 ( 2009 ) ] is employed in calculations .	The total energies and the spin states for atoms and their first ions with Z = 1-86 are calculated within the the local spin-density approximation ( LSDA ) and the generalized-gradient approximation ( GGA ) to the exchange-correlation ( xc ) energy in density-functional theory .	Atoms and ions for which the ground-state density is not pure-state v-representable , are treated as ensemble v- representable with fractional occupations of the Kohn-Sham system .	A newly developed algorithm which searches over ensemble v-representable densities [ E. Kraisler et al. , Phys.Rev .	It is found that for many atoms the ionization energies obtained with the GGA are only modestly improved with respect to experimental data , as compared to the LSDA .
+1	The energization process of electrons is investigated by utilizing a combination of hybrid ( kinetic ions and fluid electron ) simulations and test-particle electron simulations .	We present a study of the acceleration of electrons at a perpendicular shock that propagates through a turbulent magnetic field .	In this method , the motions of the test-particle electrons are numerically integrated in the time-dependent electric and magnetic fields generated by two-dimensional hybrid simulations .	We show that large-scale magnetic fluctuations effect electrons in a number of ways and lead to efficient and rapid energization at the shock front .	Since the electrons mainly follow along magnetic lines of force , the large-scale braiding of field lines in space allows the fast-moving electrons to interact with the shock front and get accelerated multiple times .
+4	We outline the cases where Mean-Field analysis gives good results compared to Dynamic Monte-Carlo results .	We have used Monte-Carlo methods and analytical techniques to investigate the influence of the characteristics , such as pipe length , diffusion , adsorption , desorption and reaction rates on the transient properties of Single-File Systems .	The transient or the relaxation regime is the period in which the system is evolving to equilibrium .	We have studied the system when all the sites are reactive and when only some of them are reactive .	Comparisons between Mean-Field predictions , Cluster Approximation predictions , and Monte Carlo simulations for the relaxation time of the system are shown .
+1	The decrease in the star formation rate with increasing Galactocentric distance is responsible for the existence of a negative radial metallicity gradient in the thin disk .	The behavior of the relative magnesium abundances in the thin-disk stars versus their orbital radii suggests that the star formation rate in the thin disk decreases with increasing Galactocentric distance , and there was no star formation for some time outside the solar circle while this process was continuous within the solar circle .	At the same time the relative magnesium abundance exhibits no radial gradient .	It is in detail considered the influence of selective effects on the form of both age - metallicity and age - relative magnesium abundance diagrams .	It is shown that the first several billion years of the formation of the thin disk interstellar medium in it was on the average sufficiently rich in heavy elements ( & lt ; [ Fe/H ] & gt ; = -0.22 ) , badly mixed ( \sigma_ [ Fe/H ] = 0.21 ) , and the average relative magnesium abundance was comparatively high ( & lt ; [ Mg/Fe ] & gt ; = 0.10 ) .
+2	For realistic galactic disks we show that the formation of fragments is influenced by the amount of energy supply from the final number of young stars in an OB association , the value of the sound speed , the stratification and density of the ambient medium , the galactic differential rotation and the gravitational force perpendicular to the galactic plane .	Conditions for the fragmentation of expanding shells due to gravitational instability are discussed .	The self-similar analytical solution is compared with the results of 3-dimensional computer simulations for the expansion into homogeneous media .	The typical size of gravitationally unstable shells is 1 kpc for an ambient gas density n=1 cm^-3 .	In thick disk galaxies the fragmentation occurs in nearly the whole shell while in thin disks it is restricted to the galactic equator .
+0	The local minimum degree of a graph is the minimum degree reached by means of a series of local complementations .	In this paper , we investigate on this quantity which plays an important role in quantum computation and quantum error correcting codes .	First , we show that the local minimum degree of the Paley graph of order p is greater than sqrt { p } - 3/2 , which is , up to our knowledge , the highest known bound on an explicit family of graphs .	Probabilistic methods allows us to derive the existence of an infinite number of graphs whose local minimum degree is linear in their order with constant 0.189 for graphs in general and 0.110 for bipartite graphs .	As regards the computational complexity of the decision problem associated with the local minimum degree , we show that it is NP-complete and that there exists no k-approximation algorithm for this problem for any constant k unless P = NP .
+2	In this paper we explore the possibility of another pulsar `` death line '' in the context of polar cap models , corresponding to high magnetic fields B in the upper portion of the period-period derivative diagram , a domain where few radio pulsars are observed .	The absence of radio pulsars with long periods has lead to the popular notion of a high P `` death line . ''	In the standard picture , beyond this boundary , pulsars with low spin rates can not accelerate particles above the stellar surface to high enough energies to initiate pair cascades , and the pair creation needed for radio emission is strongly suppressed .	The origin of this high B boundary , which may occur when B becomes comparable to or exceeds $ B_ { \rm cr } = 4.4 \times 10^ { 13 } $ Gauss , is also due to the suppression of magnetic pair creation , but primarily because of ineffective competition with magnetic photon splitting .	Threshold pair creation also plays a prominent role in the suppression of cascades .
+3	This result is the symplectic analogue of a result that was proved in Hofer-Zehnder [ 8 ] ( for compactly supported Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms on $ \mathbb { R } ^ { 2n } $ ) , and then reformulated in Oh-M\ '' { u } ller [ 10 ] for Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms in general .	This paper continues to carry out a foundational study of Banyaga topologies of a closed symplectic manifold [ 3 ] .	Our intension in writing this paper is to provide several symplectic analogues of some results found in the study of Hamiltonian dynamics .	Especially , without appealing to the positivity of the symplectic displacement energy , we point out the impact of the $ L^\infty $ version of Banyaga Hofer-like metric in the investigation of the symplectic nature of the $ C^0- $ limit of a sequence of symplectic maps .	Furthermore , we extend to symplectic isotopies the regularization procedure for Hamiltonian paths introduced in Polterovich [ 11 ] , and then we use it to prove the equality between the two versions of Banyaga Hofer-like norms defined on the identity component in the group of symplectomorphisms .
+1	This work is dedicated to the fluctuations of their momentum distributions .	On the basis of systematic measurements of fragmentation reactions , which provide a detailed overview on the velocity distributions of residual nuclei , an improved description of the kinematical properties of the fragmentation residues is established .	In contrast to previous investigations , limited to close-to-projectile fragments , we extended our study to the entire production range , down to the lightest observed fragments .	In this context , beside the contribution of abrasion and evaporation processes , we considered the effect of the thermal break-up on the width of the momentum distributions .	Using approximated theoretical descriptions of the different reaction stages , a new analytical formula for the variance of the momentum distribution is derived , which is well adapted to technical applications .
+2	The observed variability can be explained if the emission is produced by Comptonization in a hot slab ( radiative shock ) of Thomson optical depth ~0.3-1 at the neutron star surface .	The pulse profiles of the accreting X-ray millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 at different energies are studied .	The two main emission component , the black body and the Comptonized tail that are clearly identified in the time-averaged spectrum , show strong variability with the first component lagging the second one .	The emission patterns of the black body and the Comptonized radiation are different : a `` knife '' - and a `` fan '' -like , respectively .	We construct a detailed model of the X-ray production accounting for the Doppler boosting , relativistic aberration and gravitational light bending in the Schwarzschild spacetime .
+1	With this definition of a physical state , even in entangled states nothing that is done in one isolated system can instantaneously effect the physical state of a distant isolated system .	It is proposed to give up the description of physical states in terms of ensembles of state vectors with various probabilities , relying instead solely on the density matrix as the description of reality .	This change in the description of physical states opens up a large variety of new ways that the density matrix may transform under various symmetries , different from the unitary transformations of ordinary quantum mechanics .	Such new transformation properties have been explored before , but so far only for the symmetry of time translations into the future , treated as a semi-group .	Here new transformation properties are studied for general symmetry transformations forming groups , rather than semi-groups .
+1	The high temperature superconducting scenario for complex matter shows the coexistence of a first BCS condensate made of Cooper pairs in the first band and a second boson-like condensate made of bosons like bipolarons , in the second band where the chemical potential is tuned near a Lifshitz transition .	We discuss the shape resonance in the superconducting gaps of a two band superconductor by tuning the chemical potential at a Lifshitz transition for Femi surface neck collapsing and for spot appearing .	The interband coupling controls the shape resonance in the pair exchange between the two condensates .	We discuss the particular BCS-Bose crossover that occurs at the shape resonance tuning the Lifshitz parameter ( the energy difference between the chemical potential and the Lifshitz topological transition ) like tuning the external magnetic field for the Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases .	This superconducting phase provides a particular case of topological superconductivity with multiple condensates of different winding numbers
+3	Typically , blocking methods have smaller statistical errors but larger systematic errors than sampling methods .	The idea of blocking in configuration space has played an important role in the development of the RG ideas .	However , despite being half a century old and having had a huge intellectual impact , generic numerical methods to perform blocking for lattice models have progressed more slowly than sampling methods .	Blocking may be essential to deal with near conformal situations .	This situation is evolving with recent developments based on the Tensor RG ( TRG ) method .
+4	The result holds for standard irregular ensembles when used over binary input output symmetric channels .	A new method for analyzing low density parity check ( LDPC ) codes and low density generator matrix ( LDGM ) codes under bit maximum a posteriori probability ( MAP ) decoding is introduced .	The method is based on a rigorous approach to spin glasses developed by Francesco Guerra .	It allows to construct lower bounds on the entropy of the transmitted message conditional to the received one .	Based on heuristic statistical mechanics calculations , we conjecture such bounds to be tight .
+1	Aims : To obtain the bolometric fluxes and , using kinematic distance information , the luminosities for young RMS sources with far-infrared fluxes .	Context : The Red MSX Source ( RMS ) survey is returning a large sample of massive young stellar objects ( MYSOs ) and ultra-compact ( UC ) \HII { } regions using follow-up observations of colour-selected candidates from the MSX point source catalogue .	Methods : We use a model spectral energy distribution ( SED ) fitter to obtain the bolometric flux for our sources , given flux data from our work and the literature .	The inputs to the model fitter were optimised by a series of investigations designed to reveal the effect varying these inputs had on the resulting bolometric flux .	Kinematic distances derived from molecular line observations were then used to calculate the luminosity of each source .
+1	We assume that a simple population-averaged scaling relation between the AGN X-ray luminosity L_X and the host dark matter halo mass M_h exists .	Our goal is to find a minimalistic model that describes the luminosity function and large-scale clustering bias of the X-ray-selected AGN in the general framework of the concordance LCDM model .	With such a relation , the AGN X-ray luminosity function can be computed from the halo mass function .	Using the concordance LCDM halo mass function for the latter , we obtain the M_h-L_X relation required to match the redshift-dependent AGN X-ray luminosity function known from X-ray observations .	We find that with a simple power-law-scaling M_h \propto L_X^\Gamma ( z ) , our model can successfully reproduce the observed X-ray luminosity function .
+3	To treat them on equal footing , we consider the combined fine-tuning arising from electroweak symmetry breaking as well as from fulfilling flavour constraints .	Direct searches and the hints for the Higgs at ~125 GeV put increasing pressure on simple models of SUSY breaking , in particular ( but not exclusively ) on those that automatically solve the flavour problem , such as gauge mediation .	SUSY-breaking parameters are pushed to higher and higher values , increasing the fine-tuning required to achieve electroweak symmetry breaking at the observed scale .	In this note we consider the situation for models which do not attempt to solve the flavour problem .	We also consider CP .
+4	Fe abundance in NGC5846 ( normal E galaxy ) corresponds to current SNIa rate of ~0.2 of Tammann rate , while low Fe mass in NGC4649 ( normal E in the Virgo cluster ) could be an environmental effect .	We analyze diffuse X-ray emission from NGC4649 , NGC5044 and NGC5846 , combining data from two X-ray observatories , ROSAT and ASCA .	With ASCA , we perform a detailed analysis of the X-ray emission which properly accounts for the ASCA PSF and also include a 3-dimensional source model .	All three sources exhibit cooling flows in their centers .	From the derived abundances of Si , S and Fe , we conclude that NGC5044 ( a dense group of galaxies ) was able to retain significant amounts of gas during an early galaxy wind phase .
+0	Two types of models for the formation of semi-periodic concentric multiple shells ( M-shells ) around asymptotic giant branch ( AGB ) stars and in planetary nebulae are compared against observations .	Models that attribute the M-shells to processes in an extended wind acceleration zone around AGB stars result in an optically thick acceleration zone , which reduces the acceleration efficiency in outer parts of the extended acceleration zone .	This makes such models an unlikely explanation for the formation of M-shells .	Models which attribute the M-shell to semi-periodic variation in one or more stellar properties are most compatible with observations .	The only stellar variation models on time scales of 50-1500 years that have been suggested are based on an assumed solar-like magnetic cycle .
+4	When p = 1 , these two techniques are not available anymore and following M. Ledoux in R^n , we will treat here the critical case p = 1 for general stratified Lie groups in a weighted functional space setting .	We study in this article the Improved Sobolev inequalities with Muckenhoupt weights within the framework of stratified Lie groups .	This family of inequalities estimate the Lq norm of a function by the geometric mean of two norms corresponding to Sobolev spaces W ( s ; p ) and Besov spaces B ( -b , infty , infty ) .	When the value p which characterizes Sobolev space is strictly larger than 1 , the required result is well known in R^n and is classically obtained by a Littlewood-Paley dyadic blocks manipulation .	For these inequalities we will develop here another totally different technique .
+4	These observations show that the main body of G216 is actively forming stars , although at a low stellar density comparable to that found in the Taurus cloud .	The giant molecular cloud G216-2.5 , also known as Maddalena 's cloud or the Maddalena-Thaddeus cloud , is distinguished by an unusual combination of high gas mass ( 1-6 x 10^5 ) solar masses , low kinetic temperatures ( 10 K ) , and the lack of bright far infrared emission .	Although star formation has been detected in neighboring satellite clouds , little evidence for star formation has been found in the main body of this cloud .	Using a combination of mid-infrared observations with the IRAC and MIPS instruments onboard the Spitzer space telescope , and near-IR images taken with the Flamingos camera on the KPNO 2.1-meter , we identify a population of 41 young stars with disks and 33 protostars in the center of the cloud .	Most of the young stellar objects are coincident with a filamentary structure of dense gas detected in CS ( 2-1 ) .
+1	The signal attributed to the diffuse ENA source instead shows the characteristics of a point source .	We present an alternate interpretation of recent STEREO/STE observations that were originally attributed to energetic neutral atoms ( ENA ) from the heliosheath .	We point out that the peak intensity seen by STEREO/STE is centered at the ecliptic longitude of the bright X-ray source Sco X-1 .	The observed energy spectrum and intensity are also consistent with the X-rays from Sco X-1 .	The problem of energy dissipation at the solar wind termination shock remains unsolved while current understanding of the interaction between the solar wind and interstellar wind awaits future observations .
+3	On one hand , we study the unique solvability of the Cauchy problem corresponding to $ L $ .	We consider the linear integro-differential operator $ L $ defined by \ [ Lu ( x ) =\int_\Rn ( u ( x+y ) - u ( x ) - 1_ { [ 1,2 ] } ( \alpha ) 1_ { \ { |y|\leq 2\ } } ( y ) y \cdot \nabla u ( x ) ) k ( x , y ) \sd y .	\ ] Here the kernel $ k ( x , y ) $ behaves like $ |y|^ { -d-\alpha } $ , $ \alpha \in ( 0,2 ) $ , for small $ y $ and is H\ '' older-continuous in the first variable , precise definitions are given below .	The aim of this work is twofold .	On the other hand , we study the martingale problem for $ L $ .
+3	Such a classical result , well-known in the setting of triangulated categories , acquires a new taste when $ t $ -structure are described as suitable ( $ \infty $ -categorical ) factorization systems : the factorization system inducing $ \mathfrak { t } _0\uplus\mathfrak { t } _1 $ enjoys a number of interesting formal properties and unexpected autodualities .	We develop the theory of recollements in a stable $ \infty $ -categorical setting .	In the axiomatization of Beilinson , Bernstein and Deligne , recollement situations provide a generalization of Grothendieck 's `` six functors '' between derived categories .	The adjointness relations between functors in a recollement $ \mathbf { D } ^0\leftrightarrow \mathbf { D } \leftrightarrow \mathbf { D } ^1 $ induce a `` recollee '' $ t $ -structure $ \mathfrak { t } _0\uplus\mathfrak { t } _1 $ on $ \mathbf { D } $ , given $ t $ -structures $ \mathfrak { t } _0 , \mathfrak { t } _1 $ on $ \mathbf { D } ^0 , \mathbf { D } ^1 $ .	In the geometric case of a stratified space , various recollements arise , which `` interact well '' with the combinatorics of the intersections of strata to give a well-defined , associative $ \uplus $ operation .
+3	Also , some important inequalities involving covariance functions and preference relations as well as algebraic properties can be derived by means of the proposed approach .	The theory of quasi-arithmetic means is a powerful tool in the study of covariance functions across space-time .	In the present study we use quasi-arithmetic functionals to make inferences about the permissibility of averages of functions that are not , in general , permissible covariance functions .	This is the case , e.g. , of the geometric and harmonic averages , for which we obtain permissibility criteria .	In particular , we show that quasi-arithmetic covariances allow for ordering and preference relations , for a Jensen-type inequality and for a minimal and maximal element of their class .
+2	We derive optimal strategies for exponential utility from terminal wealth , determine the indifference prices of the derivatives , and interpret them in terms of diversification pressure .	We consider insurance derivatives depending on an external physical risk process , for example a temperature in a low dimensional climate model .	We assume that this process is correlated with a tradable financial asset .	Moreover we check the optimal investment strategies for standard admissibility criteria .	Finally we compare the static risk connected with an insurance derivative to the reduced risk due to a dynamic investment into the correlated asset .
+1	One notable feature of network organization is community structure , which refers to clusters of tightly interconnected nodes .	Network science plays an increasingly important role to model complex data in many scientific disciplines .	A prominent problem is how to investigate the relationship between macro-scale modules that are retrieved by optimizing global network measures , and micro-scale structure that are defined by specific queries of the analysis ( e.g. , nodal features ) .	By generalizing fundamental concepts of joint space-frequency localization to network theory , here we propose a flexible framework to study interactions between micro- and macro-structure .	Similar to pointing and focusing a magnifying glass , the analysis can be directed to specific micro-scale structure , while the degree of interaction with the macro-scale community structure can be seamlessly controlled .
+4	Only Oxygen or Neon atmospheres at B~10^ { 12 } G provide self-consistent atmospheric solutions of appropriate ionization balance and with line widths , strengths and energies consistent with the observations .	We present a comprehensive investigation of the two broad absorption features observed in the X-ray spectrum of the neutron star 1E1207.4-5209 based on a recent analysis of the 260 ksec XMM-Newton data by Mori et al.2005 .	Expanding on our earlier work ( Hailey & amp ; Mori 2002 ) we have examined all previously proposed atmospheric models for 1E1207.4-5209 .	Using our atomic code , which rapidly solves Schrodinger 's equation for arbitrary ion in strong magnetic field ( Mori & amp ; Hailey 2002 ) , we have systematically constructed atmospheric models by calculating polarization-dependent LTE opacities and addressed all the physics relevant to strongly-magnetized plasmas .	We have been able to rule out virtually all atmospheric models because they either do not sustain an ionization balance consistent with the claimed atmosphere composition or because they predict line strengths and line widths which are inconsistent with the data .
+4	We show that in this natural region of the parameter space , larger values of $ n_s $ close to 0.99 ( still within 2 $ \sigma $ of the WMAP5 central value ) are favored , giving a new aspect of testability to the model .	We systematically explore the parameter space of the state-of-the-art brane-antibrane inflation model ( Baumann { \it et al } . , arXiv:0706.0360 , arXiv:0705.3837 ) which is one of the most rigorously derived from string theory , applying the cosmic background explorer normalization and constraint on the spectral index .	We improve on previous treatments of uplifting by antibranes and show that the contributions from noninflationary throats play an important role in achieving a flat inflationary potential .	To quantify the degree of fine-tuning needed by the model , we define an effective volume in the part of parameter space which is consistent with experimental constraints , and using Monte Carlo methods to search for a set of optimal parameters , we show that the degree of fine-tuning is alleviated by 8 orders of magnitude relative to a fiducial point which has previously been considered .	In fact , close to the optimal parameter values , fine-tuning is no longer needed for any of the parameters .
+4	We further propose that the same mechanism may explain the `` ankle '' of the ultra high energy CR spectrum .	Recent cosmic ray ( CR ) experiments discovered that the CR spectra experience a remarkable hardening for rigidity above several hundred GV .	We propose that this is caused by the superposition of the CR energy spectra of many sources that have a dispersion in the injection spectral indices .	Adopting similar parameters as those of supernova remnants derived from the Fermi $ \gamma $ -ray observations , we can reproduce the observational CR spectra of different species well .	This may be interpreted as evidence to support the supernova remnant origin of CRs below the knee .
+3	We announce a proof of the Verlinde conjecture for V , that is , of the statement that the matrices formed by the fusion rules among irreducible V-modules are diagonalized by the matrix given by the action of the modular transformation \tau\mapsto -1/\tau on the space of characters of irreducible V-modules .	Let V be a simple vertex operator algebra satisfying the following conditions : ( i ) The homogeneous subspaces of V of weights less than 0 are 0 , the homogeneous subspace of V of weight 0 is spanned by the vacuum and V ' is isomorphic to V as a V-module .	( ii ) Every weak V-module gradable by nonnegative integers is completely reducible .	( iii ) V is C_2-cofinite .	We discuss some consequences of the Verlinde conjecture , including the Verlinde formula for the fusion rules , a formula for the matrix given by the action of \tau\mapsto -1/\tau and the symmetry of this matrix .
+0	The term `` special biconformal change '' refers , basically , to the situation where a given nontrivial real-holomorphic vector field on a complex manifold is a gradient relative to two K\ '' ahler metrics , and , simultaneously , an eigenvector of one of the metrics treated , with the aid of the other , as an endomorphism of the tangent bundle .	A special biconformal change is called nontrivial if the two metrics are not each other 's constant multiples .	For instance , according to a 1995 result of LeBrun , a nontrivial special biconformal change exists for the conformally-Einstein K\ '' ahler metric on the two-point blow-up of the complex projective plane , recently discovered by Chen , LeBrun and Weber ; the real-holomorphic vector field involved is the gradient of its scalar curvature .	The present paper establishes the existence of nontrivial special biconformal changes for some canonical metrics on Del Pezzo surfaces , viz .	K\ '' ahler-Einstein metrics ( when a nontrivial holomorphic vector field exists ) , non-Einstein K\ '' ahler-Ricci solitons , and K\ '' ahler metrics admitting nonconstant Killing potentials with geodesic gradients .
+0	The standard model of particle physics is generalized so as to be furnished with a horizontal symmetry generated by an intermediary algebra between simple Lie algebras $ \mathfrak { su } ( 2 ) $ and $ \mathfrak { su } ( 3 ) $ .	Above a certain high energy scale $ \breve { \Lambda } $ , the horizontal gauge symmetry is postulated to hold so that the basic fermions , quarks and leptons , form its fundamental triplets , and a triplet and singlet of the horizontal gauge fields distinguish generational degrees of freedom .	A horizontal scalar triplet is introduced to make the gauge fields super-massive by breaking the horizontal symmetry at $ \breve { \Lambda } $ .	From this scalar triplet , there emerge real scalar fields which do not interact with fermions except for neutrino species and may give substantial influence on evolution of the universe .	Another horizontal scalar triplet which breaks the electroweak symmetry at a low energy scale $ \Lambda\simeq 2\times 10^2 $ GeV reproduces all of the results of the Weinberg-Salam theory , produces hierarchical mass matrices with less numbers of unknown parameters in a unified way and predicts six massive scalar particles , some of which might be observed by the future LHC experiment .
+1	Today 's blogs and news sites typically invite users to express their opinions on the published content ; URLs allow web resources to be shared with accompanying annotations and comments using third-party services like Twitter or Facebook .	Scholars have made handwritten notes and comments in books and manuscripts for centuries .	These contributions have until recently been constrained within specific services , making them second-class citizens of the Web .	Web Annotations are now emerging as fully independent Linked Data in their own right , no longer restricted to plain textual comments in application silos .	Annotations can now range from bookmarks and comments , to fine-grained annotations of a selection of , for example , a section of a frame within a video stream .
+4	Here $ K^\perf=K^ { p^ { -\infty } } $ is the maximal purely inseparable extension of $ K $ .	Let $ K $ be the function field of a smooth and proper curve $ S $ over an algebraically closed field $ k $ of characteristic $ p & gt ; 0 $ .	Let $ A $ be an ordinary abelian variety over $ K $ .	Suppose that the N\'eron model $ \CA $ of $ A $ over $ S $ has a closed fibre $ \CA_s $ , which is an abelian variety of $ p $ -rank 0 .	We show that under these assumptions the group $ A ( K^\perf ) /\Tr_ { K|k } ( A ) ( k ) $ is finitely generated .
+3	Despite the promise , creating a spin-triplet p-wave single-species fermionic superfluid either from direct p-wave Feshbach resonance or indirectly from the recently proposed artificial spin-orbit and Zeeman couplings can be technologically challenging .	Spin-triplet p-wave superfluids of single-species ( or spin-polarized ) fermionic atoms is a topological superfluid .	In 2D such a superfluid supports zero-energy topological Majorana fermion excitations in order parameter defects such as vortices and sample edges .	In 3D these superfluids support topologically protected Dirac points in the bulk spectrum and flat surface Majorana arcs .	Here we show that such topological superfluids can be far more simply created by using the Kohn-Luttinger effect applied to two species of spin-polarized fermions with a density imbalance .
+1	Using a theoretical approach and axisymmetric numerical simulations , we study two distinct phenomena appearing in this librating flow .	The flow in a cylinder driven by time harmonic oscillations of the rotation rate , called longitudinal librations , is investigated .	First , we investigate the occurrence of a centrifugal instability near the oscillating boundary , leading to the so-called Taylor-G\ '' ortler vortices .	A viscous stability criterion is derived and compared to numerical results obtained for various libration frequencies and Ekman numbers .	The strongly nonlinear regime well above the instability threshold is also documented .
+1	By operating at cryogenic temperatures , they are able to detect particle energies from a few keV up to several MeV , measuring the temperature rise produced by the energy released .	Bolometric detectors are used in particle physics experiments to search for rare processes , such as neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter interactions .	This work focusses on the bolometers of the CUORE experiment , which are made of TeO $ _2 $ crystals .	The response of these detectors is nonlinear with energy and changes with the operating temperature .	The noise depends on the working conditions and significantly affects the energy resolution and the detection performances at low energies .
+3	Either dm is coupled to heavy fermions ( but if $ mdm \lesssim 100 $ MeV , an asymmetry between the dm particle and antiparticle number densities is likely to be required ) , or dm is coupled to a new light gauge boson U .	We investigate the possibility that Dark Matter ( dm ) could be made of scalar candidates and focus , in particular , on the unusual mass range between a few MeV 's and a few GeV 's .	After showing why the Lee-Weinberg limit ( which usually forbids a dm mass below a few GeV 's ) does not necessarily apply in the case of scalar particles , we discuss how light candidates ( mdm & lt ; O ( GeV ) ) can satisfy both the gamma ray and relic density constraints .	We find two possibilities .	The ( collisional ) damping of light candidates is , in some circumstances , large enough to be mentioned , but in most cases too small to generate a non linear matter power spectrum at the present epoch that differs significantly from the Cold Dark Matter spectrum .
+1	The optimized lattice constants of the compounds are in good agreement with the experimental data .	We present a study of the thermodynamic and physical properties of Tl5Te3 , BiTl9Te6 and SbTl9Te6 compounds by means of density functional theory based calculations .	The electronic density of states and band structures are calculated to understand the bonding mechanism in the three compounds .	The indirect band gap of BiTl9Te6 and SbTl9Te6 compounds are found to be equal to 0.256 eV and 0.374 eV , respectively .	The spin-orbit coupling has important effects on the electronic structure of the two semiconducting compounds and should therefore be included for a good numerical description of these materials .
+4	Our framework utilizes a parallelizable trimming algorithm based on a locality statistic to filter out inactive vertices , and then clusters the remaining active vertices via spectral decomposition on their similarity matrix .	A canonical problem in graph mining is the detection of dense communities .	This problem is exacerbated for a graph with a large order and size -- the number of vertices and edges -- as many community detection algorithms scale poorly .	In this work we propose a novel framework for detecting active communities that consist of the most active vertices in massive graphs .	The framework is applicable to graphs having billions of vertices and hundreds of billions of edges .
+4	For the case where the quark trajectory is bounded , we also compute the radiated power , by integrating the energy density over the surface of a sphere at infinity .	Using the AdS/CFT correspondence in the supergravity approximation , we compute the energy density radiated by a heavy quark undergoing some arbitrary motion in the vacuum of the strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory .	We find that this energy is fully generated via backreaction from the near-boundary endpoint of the dual string attached to the heavy quark .	Because of that , the energy distribution shows the same space-time localization as the classical radiation that would be produced by the heavy quark at weak coupling .	We believe that this and some other unnatural features of our result ( like its anisotropy and the presence of regions with negative energy density ) are artifacts of the supergravity approximation , which will be corrected after including string fluctuations .
+2	One expects a sharp drop in the number density of UV photons at the Lyman edge E_ { L } .	The next generation of gamma-ray telescopes may be able to observe gamma-ray blazars at high redshift , possibly out to the epoch of reionization .	The spectrum of such sources should exhibit an absorption edge due to pair-production against UV photons along the line of sight .	This implies that the universe becomes transparent after gamma-ray photons redshift below E ( m_ { e } c^2 ) ^ { 2 } /E_ { L } 18 GeV .	Thus , there is only a limited redshift interval over which GeV photons can pair produce .
+4	We propose a bio-inspired `` BioLogistics '' approach to deduce dynamic organization processes and principles of adaptive self-control from biological systems , and to transfer them to man-made logistics ( including nanologistics ) , using principles of modularity , self-assembly , self-organization , and decentralized coordination .	The growth of world population , limitation of resources , economic problems and environmental issues force engineers to develop increasingly efficient solutions for logistic systems .	Pure optimization for efficiency , however , has often led to technical solutions that are vulnerable to variations in supply and demand , and to perturbations .	In contrast , nature already provides a large variety of efficient , flexible and robust logistic solutions .	Can we utilize biological principles to design systems , which can flexibly adapt to hardly predictable , fluctuating conditions ?
+2	We consider that stepwise target recognition via intermediate states is a characteristic of IDP binding to targets with `` hidden '' binding sites .	An intrinsically disordered protein ( IDP ) lacks a stable three-dimensional structure , while it folds into a specific structure when it binds to a target molecule .	In some IDP-target complexes , not all target binding surfaces are exposed on the outside , and intermediate states are observed in their binding processes .	To investigate IDP binding to hidden target binding sites , we constructed an IDP lattice model based on the HP model .	In our model , the IDP is modeled as a chain and the target is modeled as a highly coarse-grained object .
+3	While such central excess components are not necessarily contrary to the notion of a mass deficit in 'core ' galaxies , we show that the existence , amount , radial extent and sign of mass deficits disagree substantially in the literature , both for a given galaxy and on an average over a sample .	{ Abridged } We show that the surface brightness ( SB ) profiles of elliptical galaxies can be parametrized using a linear superposition of 2-3 components , described by functions developed in Dhar & amp ; Williams as the 2D projections of a 3D Einasto profile .	For a sample of 23 ellipticals with -24 & lt ; Mv & lt ; -15 , our multi-component models span a range of up to 10^6 in SB and 10^5 in radius , have a median rms of 0.032 mag arcsec^-2 , and are statistically justified at & gt ; 3 { \sigma } .	Our models indicate that i ) the central component is more concentrated than the outer component ; and ii ) the central component of 'core ' galaxies is much more luminous , extended and concentrated than that of 'cuspy ' galaxies , with their near exponential central profiles indicating disk-like systems whose existence must be verified spectroscopically .	We discuss possible implications and suggest that SMBH binaries are unlikely to be the sole mechanism for producing the large 'cores ' .
+2	Our system is contained in a standard 19 '' rack and emits light at five different frequencies simultaneously on up to 12 fibre ports at a total output power of 800 mW .	We present a modular rack-mounted laser system for the cooling and manipulation of neutral rubidium atoms which has been developed for a portable gravimeter based on atom interferometry that will be capable of performing high precision gravity measurements directly at sites of geophysical interest .	This laser system is constructed in a compact and mobile design so that it can be transported to different locations , yet it still offers improvements over many conventional laboratory-based laser systems .	These frequencies can be changed and switched between ports in less than a microsecond .	The setup includes two phase-locked diode lasers with a phase noise spectral density of less than 1 \mu rad/sqrt ( Hz ) in the frequency range in which our gravimeter is most sensitive to noise .
+0	We study the renormalization group evolution up to the fixed point of the lattice topological susceptibility in the 2-d O ( 3 ) non-linear sigma-model .	We start with a discretization of the continuum topological charge by a local charge density , polynomial in the lattice fields .	Among the different choices we propose also a Symanzik -- improved lattice topological charge .	We check step by step in the renormalization group iteration the progressive dumping of quantum fluctuations , which are responsible for the additive and multiplicative renormalizations of the lattice topological susceptibility with respect to the continuum definition .	We find that already after three iterations these renormalizations are negligible and an excellent approximation of the fixed point is achieved .
+3	We then apply this model to study the effect of noise on the quantum teleportation and a generic quantum controlled-NOT ( CNOT ) gate .	We propose a model based on a generalized effective Hamiltonian for studying the effect of noise in quantum computations .	The system-environment interactions are taken into account by including stochastic fluctuating terms in the system Hamiltonian .	Treating these fluctuations as Gaussian Markov processes with zero mean and delta function correlation times , we derive an exact equation of motion describing the dissipative dynamics for a system of n qubits .	For the quantum CNOT gate , we study the effect of noise on a set of one- and two-qubit quantum gates , and show that the results can be assembled together to investigate the quality of a quantum CNOT gate operation .
+0	Let $ \mu $ be a metric on a set T , and let c be a nonnegative function on the unordered pairs of elements of a superset $ V\supseteq T $ .	We consider the problem of minimizing the inner product $ c\cdot m $ over all semimetrics m on V such that m coincides with $ \mu $ within T and each element of V is at zero distance from T ( a variant of the { \em multifacility location problem } ) .	In particular , this generalizes the well-known multiterminal multiway ) cut problem .	Two cases of metrics $ \mu $ have been known for which the problem can be solved in polynomial time : ( a ) $ \mu $ is a modular metric whose underlying graph $ H ( \mu ) $ is hereditary modular and orientable ( in a certain sense ) ; and ( b ) $ \mu $ is a median metric .	In the latter case an optimal solution can be found by use of a cut uncrossing method .
+0	Vanishing results for reduced $ L_ { p , q } $ -cohomology are established in the case of twisted products , which are a~generalization of warped products .	Only the case $ q \leq p $ is considered .	This is an extension of some results by Gol'dshtein , Kuz'minov and Shvedov about the $ L_ { p } $ -cohomology of warped cylinders .	One of the main observations is the vanishing of the `` middle-dimensional '' cohomology for a large class of manifolds .	This means that the $ L_2 $ -Betty numbers are zero in the `` middle dimension '' .
+2	Here , we study the effect of electron-phonon coupling in a graphene and an InAs nanowire double quantum dot .	The coupling between a two-level system and its environment leads to decoherence .	Within the context of coherent manipulation of electronic or quasiparticle states in nanostructures , it is crucial to understand the sources of decoherence .	Our measurements reveal oscillations of the double quantum dot current periodic in energy detuning between the two levels .	These periodic peaks are more pronounced in the nanowire than in graphene , and disappear when the temperature is increased .
+4	The bearings were modelled using radial , axial and rotational stiffness elements .	The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of the mechanical characteristics of the set of components on the critical rotational speeds of a gearbox .	The case of a gearbox fitted out with a helical gear pair was considered .	The shafts and the casing were discretised using the finite element method .	The elastic coupling between the toothed wheels was characterised by a 12 x12 stiffness matrix .
+3	In the cubic case , we concretely compute the terms arising in the first few steps of the normal form reduction and prove the above estimate with \alpha = 4/9 .	We study growth of higher Sobolev norms of solutions to the one-dimensional periodic nonlinear Schrodinger equation ( NLS ) .	By a combination of the normal form reduction and the upside-down I-method , we establish \|u ( t ) \|_ { H^s } \lesssim ( 1+|t| ) ^ { \alpha ( s-1 ) + } with \alpha = 1 for a general power nonlinearity .	In the quintic case , we obtain the above estimate with \alpha = 1/2 via the space-time estimate due to Bourgain [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] .	These results improve the previously known results ( except for the quintic case . )
+3	We demonstrate here measurements of i ) the distance between two crystalline ions , ii ) the Lamb-Dicke parameter , iii ) temperature of the ion crystal , and iv ) the interferometric stability of a Raman setup .	The present paper describes the experimental implementation of a measuring technique employing a slowly moving , near resonant , optical standing wave in the context of trapped ions .	It is used to measure several figures of merit that are important for quantum computation in ion traps and which are otherwise not easily obtainable .	Our technique is shown to offer high precision , and also in many cases using a much simpler setup than what is normally used .	The exact distance between two ions , in units of standing wave periods , is very important for motional entangling gates , and our method offers a practical way of calibrating this distance in the typical lab situation .
+1	The search is based on data from the full 2011 data-taking period , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 inverse fb .	This work presents a new inclusive search for supersymmetry ( SUSY ) by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt ( s ) = 7 TeV in final states with jets , missing transverse momentum and one or more isolated electrons and/or muons .	Single- and multi-lepton channels are treated together in one analysis .	An increase in sensitivity is obtained by simultaneously fitting the number of events in statistically independent signal regions , and the shapes of distributions within those regions .	A dedicated signal region is introduced to be sensitive to decay cascades of SUSY particles with small mass differences ( `` compressed SUSY '' ) .
+2	The approach is based on the one-loop approximation with respect to the genuinely electroweak interaction for which simple explicit analytical formulae are valid .	This report consists of three parts .	In Chapter 1 we present a brief description of the LEPTOP approach for the calculation of the radiative corrections in the Minimal Standard Model .	Starting from $ G_ { \mu } , m_Z $ and $ \bar { \alpha } \equiv \alpha ( m^2_Z ) $ as the main input parameters , we consider all observables of the $ Z $ boson decays and the mass of the $ W $ boson on the same footing .	The dressing with gluonic corrections is performed by using the results of calculations published by other authors .
+2	The difference between main sequence ( MS ) and red giant CEMP abundances can be used as a diagnostic of the timescale for the mixing of the processed material into stellar interiors on the MS. Abundance trends with luminosity among red giant CEMP stars test theories of canonical extra mixing for low mass giants with a high bulk metallicity .	We critically examine the constraints imposed by carbon-enhanced metal-poor ( CEMP ) stars on the mixing mechanisms that operate in red giants .	CEMP stars are created when the surface layers of a metal-poor dwarf are enriched with He-burning products via mass transfer from an evolved donor .	We find a significant dilution in CN enrichment in giant CEMP stars relative to their MS precursors , and take this as evidence that thermohaline mixing induced by mean molecular weight inversions is ineffective in CEMP stars .	This contradicts models that rely on efficient thermohaline mixing induced by small mu gradients in red giants , because such models would predict that MS CEMP stars with large mu inversions would be homogenized on a very short timescale .
+4	We also find negative radial colour gradients in both colour subpopulations of equal strength which are similar in strength to those reported in other galaxies .	We use multi-pointing HST ACS and wide field Subaru Suprime-Cam imaging to study the globular cluster system of the L* elliptical galaxy NGC 4278 .	We have also obtained a handful of new globular cluster spectra with Keck/DEIMOS .	We determine the globular cluster surface density profile and use it to calculate the total number of globular clusters , finding the system to be slightly more populous than average for galaxies of its luminosity .	We find clear evidence for bimodality in the globular cluster colour distribution and for a colour-magnitude relation in the blue subpopulation ( a 'blue tilt ' ) .
+2	For all 10 galaxies , the majority of the absorption velocities lie in the range of the observed galaxy rotation velocities .	We obtained ESI/Keck rotation curves of 10 MgII absorption selected galaxies ( 0.3 & lt ; z & lt ; 1.0 ) for which we have WFPC-2/HST images and high resolution HIRES/Keck and UVES/VLT quasar spectra of the MgII absorption profiles .	We perform a kinematic comparison of these galaxies and their associated halo MgII absorption .	In 7/10 cases , the absorption velocities reside fully to one side of the galaxy systemic velocity and usually align with one arm of the rotation curve .	In all cases , a constant rotating thick-disk model poorly reproduces the full spread of observed MgII absorption velocities when reasonably realistic parameters are employed .
+4	However , for engineering alloys , the final properties depend not only on chemistry but also on the path of microstructure development which necessitates characterization of microstructure evolution for each chemistry .	The development of new engineering alloy chemistries is a time consuming and iterative process .	A necessary step is characterization of the nano/microstructure to provide a link between the processing and properties of each alloy chemistry considered .	One approach to accelerate the identification of optimal chemistries is to use samples containing a gradient in composition , ie .	combinatorial samples , and to investigate many different chemistries at the same time .
+3	( 1 ) If $ G $ is of even order and $ K_ { 1,6 } $ -free , then $ G $ has a perfect matching ; ( 2 ) If $ G $ is of odd order and $ K_ { 1,7 } $ -free , then $ G $ has a near perfect matching with only three exceptions .	Let $ \gamma ( G ) $ be the domination number of a graph $ G $ .	A graph $ G $ is \emph { domination-vertex-critical } , or \emph { $ \gamma $ -vertex-critical } , if $ \gamma ( G-v ) & lt ; \gamma ( G ) $ for every vertex $ v \in V ( G ) $ .	In this paper , we show that : Let $ G $ be a $ \gamma $ -vertex-critical graph and $ \gamma ( G ) =3 $ .	All these results improve the known results .
+0	3D silicon detectors are characterized by cylindrical electrodes perpendicular to the surface and penetrating into the bulk material in contrast to standard Si detectors with planar electrodes on its top and bottom .	This geometry renders them particularly interesting to be used in environments where standard silicon detectors have limitations , such as for example the radiation environment expected in an LHC upgrade .	For the first time , several 3D sensors were assembled as hybrid pixel detectors using the ATLAS-pixel front-end chip and readout electronics .	Devices with different electrode configurations have been characterized in a 100 GeV pion beam at the CERN SPS .	Here we report results on unirradiated devices with three 3D electrodes per 50 x 400 um2 pixel area .
+3	The nonuniversal critical parameters ( critical temperature , pressure , and density ) can be absorbed in the property units .	Critical phenomena in real fluids demonstrate a combination of universal features caused by the divergence of long-range fluctuations of density and nonuniversal ( system-dependent ) features associated with specific intermolecular interactions .	Asymptotically , all fluids belong to the Ising-model class of universality .	The asymptotic power laws for the thermodynamic properties are described by two independent universal critical exponents and by two independent nonuniversal critical amplitudes ; other critical amplitudes can be obtained by universal relations .	Nonasymptotic critical behavior of fluids can be divided into two parts , symmetric ( `` Ising-like '' ) and asymmetric ( `` fluid-like '' ) .
+2	We map out the phase diagrams and find that the monopole suppression eliminated the confined phase of the standard lattice model at strong gauge coupling .	We investigate a model of a U ( 1 ) -Higgs theory on the lattice with compact gauge fields but completely suppressed ( elementary ) monopoles .	We study the model at two values of the quartic Higgs self-coupling , a strong coupling , $ \lambda = 3.0 $ , and a weak coupling , $ \lambda=0.01 $ .	We perform a detailed analysis of the static potential and study the mass spectrum in the Coulomb and Higgs phases for three values of the gauge coupling .	We also probe the existence of a scalar bosonium to the extent that our data allow and conclude that further investigations are required in the Coulomb phase .
+2	The resistance is proportional to the spin flip time in the case when the magnetic properties of the conducting system vary smoothly enough along the sample .	We investigate the diffusive electron transport in conductors with spatially inhomogeneous magnetic properties taking into account both impurity and normal scattering .	It is found that the additional interface resistance that arises due to the magnetic inhomogeneity depends essentially on their spatial characteristics .	It can be used to direct experimental investigation of spin flip processes .	In the opposite case , when magnetic characteristics are varied sharply , the additional resistance depends essentially on the difference of magnetic properties of the sides far from the interface region .
+1	We argue that -- in addition to departures in the decay/production rates into massless gauge bosons mediated by the conformal anomaly -- characterizing features of the light dilaton scenario ( as well as other scenarios admitting a light CP-even scalar not directly related to the breaking of the electro-weak symmetry ) are off-shell events at high invariant mass involving two longitudinally polarized vector bosons and a dilaton , and tree-level flavor violating processes .	We make use of the language of non-linear realizations to analyze electro-weak symmetry breaking scenarios in which a light dilaton emerges from the breaking of a nearly conformal strong dynamics , and compare the phenomenology of the dilaton to that of the well motivated light composite Higgs scenario .	Accommodating both electro-weak precision measurements and flavor constraints appears especially challenging in the ambiguous scenario in which the Higgs and the dilaton fields strongly mix .	We show that warped higgsless models of electro-weak symmetry breaking are explicit and tractable realizations of this limiting case .	The relation between the naive radion profile often adopted in the study of holographic realizations of the light dilaton scenario and the actual dynamical dilaton field is clarified in the Appendix .
+1	In some cases , we give lower bounds for the total number of subsemigroups of these semigroups .	We investigate the maximum length of a chain of subsemigroups in various classes of semigroups , such as the full transformation semigroups , the general linear semigroups , and the semigroups of order-preserving transformations of finite chains .	We give general results for finite completely regular and finite inverse semigroups .	Wherever possible , we state our results in the greatest generality ; in particular , we include infinite semigroups where the result is true for these .	The length of a subgroup chain in a group is bounded by the logarithm of the group order .
+0	Recent studies have indicated that the HCN-to-CO ( J=1-0 ) and HCO+-to-HCN ( J=1-0 ) ratios are significantly different between galaxies with AGN ( active galactic nucleus ) and SB ( starburst ) signatures .	In order to study the molecular gas properties in active galaxies and search for differences between AGN and SB environments , we observed the HCN ( J=1-0 ) , ( J=2-1 ) , ( J=3-2 ) , HCO+ ( J=1-0 ) and HCO+ ( J=3-2 ) , emission with the IRAM 30m in the centre of 12 nearby active galaxies which either exhibit nuclear SB and/or AGN signatures .	Consistent with previous results , we find a significant difference of the HCN ( J=2-1 ) -to-HCN ( J=1-0 ) , HCN ( J=3-2 ) -to-HCN ( J=1-0 ) , HCO+ ( J=3-2 ) -to-HCO+ ( J=3-2 ) , and HCO+-to-HCN intensity ratios between the sources dominated by an AGN and those with an additional or pure central SB : the HCN , HCO+ and HCO+-to-HCN intensity ratios tend to be higher in the galaxies of our sample with a central SB as opposed to the pure AGN cases which show rather low intensity ratios .	Based on an LVG analysis of these data , i.e. , assuming purely collisional excitation , the ( average ) molecular gas densities in the SB dominated sources of our sample seem to be systematically higher than in the AGN sources .	The LVG analysis seems to further support systematically higher HCN and/or lower HCO+ abundances as well as similar or higher gas temperatures in AGN compared to the SB sources of our sample .
+2	The H-theorem holds .	We study , both analytically and numerically , the Boltzmann transport equation for the Hubbard chain with nearest neighbor hopping and spatially homogeneous initial condition .	The time-dependent Wigner function is matrix-valued because of spin .	The nearest neighbor chain is integrable which , on the kinetic level , is reflected by infinitely many additional conservation laws and linked to the fact that there are also non-thermal stationary states .	We characterize all stationary solutions .
+1	The latter is needed to deal with nuisance parameters .	Motivated by applications to goodness of fit testing , the empirical likelihood approach is generalized to allow for the number of constraints to grow with the sample size and for the constraints to use estimated criteria functions .	The proposed empirical likelihood based goodness of fit tests are asymptotically distribution free .	For univariate observations , tests for a specified distribution , for a distribution of parametric form , and for a symmetric distribution are presented .	For bivariate observations , tests for independence are developed .
+3	This result is generalized to complicated scattering and decay-chain processes with unstable particles in intermediate states .	The effects of factorization are considered within the framework of the model of unstable particles with a smeared mass .	It is shown that two-particle cross section and three-particle decay width can be described by the universal factorized formulae for an unstable particles of an arbitrary spin in an intermediate state .	The exact factorization is caused by the specific structure of the model unstable-particle propagators .	We analyze applicability of the method and evaluate its accuracy .
+4	Moreover , we study the resulting nonlinear and singular PDE system from the analytical viewpoint recovering existence of a global ( in time ) weak solution and also uniqueness for some particular choices of the nonlinear functions involved .	In this paper we present a new thermodynamically consistent phase transition model describing the evolution of a liquid substance , e.g. , water , in a rigid container $ \Omega $ when we freeze the container .	Since the density $ \varrho_ { 2 } $ of ice with volume fraction $ \beta_ { 2 } $ , is lower than the density $ \varrho_ { 1 } $ of water with volume fraction $ \beta_ { 1 } $ , experiments - for instance the freezing of a glass bottle filled with water - show that the water pressure increases up to the rupture of the bottle .	When the container is not impermeable , freezing may produce a non-homogeneous material , for instance water ice or sorbet .	Here we describe a general class of phase transition processes including this example as particular case .
+3	Although the methods we present are valid for a larger class of integration problems , in this work we show the step by step derivation of the BER expressions for a canonical cooperative communication scenario in addition to a network coded system starting from basic building blocks .	This paper extends some approximation methods that are used to identify closed form Bit Error Rate ( BER ) expressions which are frequently utilized in investigation and comparison of performance for wireless communication systems in the literature .	By using this group of approximation methods , some expectation integrals , which are complicated to analyze and have high computational complexity to evaluate through Monte Carlo simulations , are computed .	For these integrals , by using the sampling property of the integrand functions of one or more arguments , reliable BER expressions revealing the diversity and coding gains are derived .	The derived expressions agree with the simulation results for a very wide range of signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) values .
+0	We calculate numerically the quasiparticle effective mass ( m* ) renormalization as a function of temperature and electron density in two- and three-dimensional electron systems with long-range Coulomb interaction .	In two dimensions , the leading temperature correction is linear and positive with the slope being a universal density independent number in the high density limit .	We predict an enhancement of the effective mass at low temperatures and a non-monotonic temperature dependence at higher temperatures ( T/T_F ~ 0.1 ) with the peak shifting toward higher temperatures as density decreases .	In three dimensions , we find that the effective mass temperature dependence is nonlinear and non-universal , and depends on the electron density in a complicated way .	At very high densities , the leading correction is positive , while at lower densities it changes sign and the effective mass decreases monotonically from its zero temperature value with increasing temperature .
+2	We clarify the nontrivial relationship between the kinetic matrix $ K $ -- - unambiguously defined by its form in a Minkowski-reduced basis -- - and the diameter of the axion fundamental domain , emphasizing that in general the diameter is not solely determined by the eigenvalues $ f_1^2 \le ... \le f_N^2 $ of $ K $ : the orientations of the eigenvectors with respect to the identifications imposed by instantons must be incorporated .	Several recent works have claimed that the Weak Gravity Conjecture ( WGC ) excludes super-Planckian displacements of axion fields , and hence large-field axion inflation , in the absence of monodromy .	We argue that in theories with $ N\gg1 $ axions , super-Planckian axion diameters $ \cal { D } $ are readily allowed by the WGC .	In particular , even if one were to impose the condition $ f_N & lt ; M_ { pl } $ , this would imply neither $ { \cal D } & lt ; M_ { pl } $ nor $ { \cal D } & lt ; \sqrt { N } M_ { pl } $ .	We then estimate the actions of instantons that fulfill the WGC .
+4	To a great extent , the technology employed has already been partially tested on ongoing missions , therefore ensuring improved reliability .	We outline a novel satellite mission concept , DEMON , aimed at advancing our comprehension of both dark matter and dark energy , taking full advantage of two complementary methods : weak lensing and the statistics of galaxy clusters .	We intend to carry out a 5000 sqdeg combined IR , optical and X-ray survey with galaxies up to a redshift of z~2 in order to determine the shear correlation function .	We will also find ~100000 galaxy clusters , making it the largest survey of this type to date .	The DEMON spacecraft will comprise one IR/optical and eight X-ray telescopes , coupled to multiple cameras operating at different frequency bands .
+0	We develop a nonlinear , three-dimensional phase field model for crystal plasticity which accounts for the infinite and discrete symmetry group G of the underlying periodic lattice .	This generates a complex energy landscape with countably-many G-related wells in strain space , whereon the material evolves by energy minimization under the loading through spontaneous slip processes inducing the creation and motion of dislocations without the need of auxiliary hypotheses .	Multiple slips may be activated simultaneously , in domains separated by a priori unknown free boundaries .	The wells visited by the strain at each position and time , are tracked by the evolution of a G-valued discrete plastic map , whose non-compatible discontinuities identify lattice dislocations .	The main effects in the plasticity of crystalline materials at microscopic scales emerge in this framework , including the long-range elastic fields of possibly interacting dislocations , lattice friction , hardening , band-like vs. complex spatial distributions of dislocations .
+0	In model comparisons with observational data , not all data contain information that is useful for answering a specific science question .	If non-relevant or highly uncertain data are included in a comparison metric , they can reduce the significance of other observations that matter for the scientific process of interest .	Sources of noise and correlations among summed quantities within a comparison metric affect the significance of a signal that is useful for testing model skill .	In the setting of the tropical Pacific , we introduce an `` inquiry dependent '' ( ID ) metric of model-data comparison that determines the relative importance of the TOGA-TAO buoy observations of the ocean temperature , salinity , and horizontal currents for influencing upper-ocean vertical turbulent mixing as represented by the K-Profile Parameterization ( KPP ) embedded in the MIT general circulation model ( MITgcm ) for the 2004-2007 time period .	The ID metric addresses a challenge that the wind forcing is likely a more significant source of uncertainty for the ocean state than the turbulence itself , and that the observations are correlated in time , space , and across ocean state variables .
+2	No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed in the search region of dilepton invariant mass above 110 GeV .	This article presents a search for high mass e e or mu mu resonances in pp collisions at sqrt { s } = 7 TeV at the LHC .	The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment during 2010 and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of ~40/pb .	Upper limits at the 95 % confidence level are set on the cross section times branching ratio of Z ' resonances decaying to dielectrons and dimuons as a function of the resonance mass .	A lower mass limit of 1.048 TeV on the Sequential Standard Model Z ' boson is derived , as well as mass limits on Z* and E ( 6 ) -motivated Z ' models .
+4	We show that , as expected , the $ \gamma $ -factor is identical with Shahidi 's $ \gamma $ -factor .	The Rankin-Selberg method for studying Langlands ' automorphic $ L $ -functions is to find integral representations , involving certain Fourier coefficients of cusp forms and Eisenstein series , for these functions .	In this thesis we develop the local theory for generic representations of special orthogonal groups .	We study the local integrals for $ SO_ { 2l } \times GL_ { n } $ , where $ SO_ { 2l } $ is the special even orthogonal group , either split or quasi-split , over a local non-Archimedean field .	These integrals admit a functional equation , which is used to define a $ \gamma $ -factor .
+1	The rapid expansion of the fireball of deconfined matter created in heavy ion collisions facilitates formation of an over-saturated strange quark phase space .	We discuss how the dynamics of the evolving hot fireball of quark -- gluon matter impacts phase transition between the deconfined and confined state of matter .	The related excess abundance of strangeness is compensating the suppression of this semi-heavy quark yield by its quark mass .	In addition , the dynamical expansion of colored quanta pushes against the vacuum structure , with a resulting supercooling of the transition temperature .	We address the status of the search for the phase boundary as function of reaction energy and collision centrality and show evidence for a change in reaction mechanism at sufficiently low energies .
+4	We show that Einstein equations in this situation is then equivalent to Maxwell equations with a current givn by fFAF ( the product meaning the Clifford product of the corresponding form fields ) , where f is a scalar function which satisfies a well determined algebraic quadratic equation .	In this paper we first analyze the structure of Maxwell equations in a Lorentzian spacetime where the potential A is proportional to 1-form K physically equivalent to a Killing vector field ( supposed to exist ) .	We show that such A obeys the Lorenz gauge and also a wave equation that can be written in terms of the covariant D'Alembertian or the Ricci operator .	Moreover , we determine the correct current defined by that potential showing that it is of superconducting type , being two times the product of the components of A by the Ricci 1-form fields .	We also study the structure of the spacetime generated by the coupled system consisting of a electromagnetic field F = dA ( A , as above ) , an ideal charged fluid with dynamics described by an action function S and the gravitational field .
+1	Sprindzuk in metrical Diophantine approximation ( and indeed the stronger Baker-Sprindzuk conjecture ) .	In 1998 , Kleinbock & amp ; Margulis established a conjecture of V.G .	In essence the conjecture stated that the simultaneous homogeneous Diophantine exponent $ w_ { 0 } ( \vv x ) = 1/n $ for almost every point $ \vv x $ on a non-degenerate submanifold $ \cM $ of $ \R^n $ .	In this paper the simultaneous inhomogeneous analogue of Sprindzuk 's conjecture is established .	More precisely , for any `inhomogeneous ' vector $ \bm\theta\in\R^n $ we prove that the simultaneous inhomogeneous Diophantine exponent $ w_ { 0 } ( \vv x , \bm\theta ) = 1/n $ for almost every point $ \vv x $ on $ M $ .
+2	Herein it is established that a distortion constraint for channel state estimation can be reduced to an additional cost constraint on the source input distribution , in the limit of large coding block length .	A scenario involving a source , a channel , and a destination , where the destination is interested in { \em both } reliably reconstructing the message transmitted by the source and estimating with a fidelity criterion the state of the channel , is considered .	The source knows the channel statistics , but is oblivious to the actual channel state realization .	A newly defined capacity-distortion function thus characterizes the fundamental tradeoff between transmission rate and state estimation distortion .	It is also shown that non-coherent communication coupled with channel state estimation conditioned on treating the decoded message as training symbols achieves the capacity-distortion function .
+0	In this paper we investigate a quantity called conditional entropy of ordinal patterns , akin to the permutation entropy .	The conditional entropy of ordinal patterns describes the average diversity of the ordinal patterns succeeding a given ordinal pattern .	We observe that this quantity provides a good estimation of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy in many cases .	In particular , the conditional entropy of ordinal patterns of a finite order coincides with the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for periodic dynamics and for Markov shifts over a binary alphabet .	Finally , the conditional entropy of ordinal patterns is computationally simple and thus can be well applied to real-world data .
+3	The minimal Scherk-Schwarz set up possesses novel phenomenology , which we briefly outline .	Natural supersymmetric theories of the weak scale are under growing pressure given present LHC constraints , raising the question of whether untuned supersymmetric ( SUSY ) solutions to the hierarchy problem are possible .	In this paper , we explore a class of 5-dimensional natural SUSY theories in which SUSY is broken by the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism .	We pedagogically explain how Scherk-Schwarz elegantly solves the traditional problems of 4-dimensional SUSY theories ( based on the MSSM and its many variants ) that usually result in an unsettling level of fine-tuning .	We show that achieving the observed physical Higgs mass motivates extra structure that does not significantly affect the level of tuning ( always better than $ \sim 10\ % $ ) and we explore three qualitatively different extensions : the addition of extra matter that couples to the Higgs , an extra $ U ( 1 ) ^\prime $ gauge group under which the Higgs is charged and an NMSSM-like solution to the Higgs mass problem .
+4	This follows from a new lower bound on the maximal influence of a variable on a Boolean function .	Threshold phenomena are investigated using a general approach , following Talagrand [ Ann.Probab .	22 ( 1994 ) 1576 -- 1587 ] and Friedgut and Kalai [ Proc.Amer.Math.Soc .	12 ( 1999 ) 1017 -- 1054 ] .	The general upper bound for the threshold width of symmetric monotone properties is improved .
+4	In this Brief Report , we show the following : Given a nonclassical pure-product-state input to an N-port linear-optical network , the output is almost always mode entangled ; the only exception is a product of squeezed states , all with the same squeezing strength , input to a network that does not mix the squeezed and anti-squeezed quadratures .	In quantum optics a pure state is considered classical , relative to the statistics of photodetection , if and only if it is a coherent state .	A different and newer notion of nonclassicality is based on modal entanglement .	One example that relates these two notions is the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect , where modal entanglement is generated by a beamsplitter from the nonclassical photon-number state .	This suggests that beamsplitters or , more generally , linear-optical networks are mediators of the two notions of nonclassicality .
+3	This physics can be utilized to realize a valley valve whose behavior is determined optically .	Valley degrees of freedom offer a potential resource for quantum information processing if they can be effectively controlled .	We discuss an optical approach to this problem in which intense light breaks electronic symmetries of a two-dimensional Dirac material .	The resulting quasienergy structures may then differ for different valleys , so that the Floquet physics of the system can be exploited to produce highly polarized valley currents .	We propose a concrete way to achieve such valleytronics in graphene as well as in a simple model of an inversion-symmetry broken Dirac material .
+4	Thus , the analyzed texts are classified into several topics explicitly presented in the user profile .	In this paper we present a profile-based approach to information filtering by an analysis of the content of text documents .	The Wikipedia index database is created and used to automatically generate the user profile from the user document collection .	The problem-oriented Wikipedia subcorpora are created ( using knowledge extracted from the user profile ) for each topic of user interests .	The index databases of these subcorpora are applied to filtering information flow ( e.g. , mails , news ) .
+3	Starting from a singleton set , the dual process begins by evolving into true segments in the same way a Bessel process of dimension 3 escapes from 0 .	A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of strong stationary times for ergodic one-dimensional diffusions , whatever the initial distribution .	The strong stationary times are constructed through intertwinings with dual processes , in the Diaconis-Fill sense , taking values in the set of segments of the extended line $ \mathbb { R } \sqcup\ { -\infty , +\infty\ } $ .	They can be seen as natural $ h $ -transforms of the extensions to the diffusion framework of the evolving sets of Morris-Peres .	The strong stationary time corresponds to the first time the full segment $ [ -\infty , +\infty ] $ is reached .
+3	In this paper we propose to use the reduced-state sequence estimation ( RSSE ) algorithm to significantly reduce the complexity , and render MHMT practical .	To achieve ultra-high storage capacity , the data tracks are squeezed more and more on the magnetic recording disks , causing severe intertrack interference ( ITI ) .	The multihead multitrack ( MHMT ) detector is proposed to better combat ITI .	Such a detector , however , has prohibitive implementation complexity .	We first consider a commonly used symmetric two-head two-track ( 2H2T ) channel model .
+4	Two of these components are related to the onset of magnetic order and the third is related to a photoinduced population of metastable electronic excited states .	We report equilibrium and nonequilibrium optical measurements on the recently synthesized `` harmonic '' honeycomb iridate \gamma-Li $ _2 $ IrO $ _3 $ ( LIO ) , as well as the layered honeycomb iridate Na $ _2 $ IrO $ _3 $ ( NIO ) .	Using Fourier transform infrared microscopy we performed reflectance measurements on LIO , from which we obtained the optical conductivity below 2 eV .	In addition we measured the photoinduced changed in reflectance , \Delta R , as a function of time , t , temperature , T , and probe field polarization in both LIO and NIO .	In LIO , \Delta R ( t , T ) is anisotropic and comprised of three T dependent components .
+3	The position-velocity diagram clearly shows that the N68 may be expanding outward .	We investigated the environment of the infrared dust bubble N68 and searched for evidence of triggered star formation in its surroundings .	We performed a multiwavelength study of the nebula with data taken from several large-scale surveys : GLIMPSE , MIPSGAL , IRAS , NVSS , GRS , and JCMT .	We analyzed the spectral profile and the distribution of the molecular gas ( ^ { 13 } CO J = 1 - 0 and J = 3 - 2 ) , and the dust in the environment of the N68 .	We used two three-color images of the mid-infrared emission to explore the physical environment , and one color-color diagram to investigate the distribution of young stellar objects ( YSOs ) .
+0	The constraint satisfaction problem ( CSP ) and its quantified extensions , whether without ( QCSP ) or with disjunction ( QCSP_or ) , correspond naturally to the model checking problem for three increasingly stronger fragments of positive first-order logic .	Their complexity is often studied when parameterised by a fixed model , the so-called template .	It is a natural question to ask when two templates are equivalent , or more generally when one `` contain '' another , in the sense that a satisfied instance of the first will be necessarily satisfied in the second .	One can also ask for a smallest possible equivalent template : this is known as the core for CSP .	We recall and extend previous results on containment , equivalence and `` coreness '' for QCSP_or before initiating a preliminary study of cores for QCSP which we characterise for certain structures and which turns out to be more elusive .
+0	To study transport properties of complex networks , we analyze the equivalent conductance $ G $ between two arbitrarily chosen nodes of random scale-free networks with degree distribution $ P ( k ) \sim k^ { -\lambda } $ in which each link has the same unit resistance .	We predict a broad range of values of $ G $ , with a power-law tail distribution $ \Phi_ { \rm SF } ( G ) \sim G^ { -g_G } $ , where $ g_G=2\lambda -1 $ , and confirm our predictions by simulations .	The power-law tail in $ \Phi_ { \rm SF } ( G ) $ leads to large values of $ G $ , thereby significantly improving the transport in scale-free networks , compared to Erd\H { o } s-R\ ' { e } nyi random graphs where the tail of the conductivity distribution decays exponentially .	Based on a simple physical `` transport backbone '' picture we show that the conductances are well approximated by $ ck_Ak_B/ ( k_A+k_B ) $ for any pair of nodes $ A $ and $ B $ with degrees $ k_A $ and $ k_B $ .	Thus , a single parameter $ c $ characterizes transport on scale-free networks .
+3	The characterization is made in terms of compartmental matrices which by construction are strictly stable and define the so-called family of solutions .	For a class of polynomial kinetic systems , this work examines connections between system parameters , and uniqueness and stability of the resulting equilibria .	Such systems are typically employed to describe nonlinear dynamics in chemical reaction networks , but over the last years they proved useful in modeling a wide range of nonlinear dynamic systems with applications in biology , process systems , economics or transportation problems .	In particular , a canonical representation of the set of all possible feasible equilibrium solutions is developed .	Feasibility is imposed by a set of constraints , which are linear in the log-transformed space of complexes , and relate to the kernel of the stoichiometric subspace .
+3	By means of an asymptotic analysis , we discuss the properties of the limit solutions of the homogenization problem , which we can rigorously solve in some special cases : that is , when the initial curve is a graph , and the forcing term does not depend on the vertical direction .	In recent years , there has been a growing interest in geometric evolution in heterogeneous media .	Here we consider curvature driven fows of planar curves , with an additional space-dependent forcing term .	Motivated by a homogenization problem , we look for estimates which depend only on the uniform norm of the forcing term .	As a by-product , in such cases we are able to define a soluton of the geometric evolution when the forcing term is just a bounded , not necessarily continuous , function .
+4	With our counter-example , which actually is ubiquitous in emergent , or self-organizing , systems , we argue for realism without pre-determination .	We understand emergent quantum mechanics in the sense that quantum mechanics describes processes of physical emergence relating an assumed sub-quantum physics to macroscopic boundary conditions .	The latter can be shown to entail top-down causation , in addition to usual bottom-up scenarios .	With this example it is demonstrated that definitions of `` realism '' in the literature are simply too restrictive .	A prevailing manner to define realism in quantum mechanics is in terms of pre-determination independent of the measurement .
+4	Current patterns and trends are compared to the situation in previous generations ' experiments .	An overview of the evolution of computing-oriented publications in high energy physics following the start of operation of LHC .	Quantitative analyses are illustrated , which document the production of scholarly papers on computing-related topics by high energy physics experiments and core tools projects , and the citations they receive .	Several scientometric indicators are analyzed to characterize the role of computing in high energy physics literature .	Distinctive features of software-oriented and hardware-oriented scholarly publications are highlighted .
+0	We study the effects of momentum relaxation on observables in a recently proposed holographic model in which the conservation of momentum in the field theory is broken by the presence of a bulk graviton mass .	In the hydrodynamic limit , we show that these effects can be incorporated by a simple modification of the energy-momentum conservation equation to account for the dissipation of momentum over a single characteristic timescale .	We compute this timescale as a function of the graviton mass terms and identify the previously known `` wall of stability '' as the point at which this relaxation timescale becomes negative .	We also calculate analytically the zero temperature AC conductivity at low frequencies .	In the limit of a small graviton mass this reduces to the simple Drude form , and we compute the corrections to this which are important for larger masses .
+2	Therefore , the higher education has moved their systems to Enterprise Resource Planning ( ERP ) systems to cope with the needs of changing environment .	The higher education has been greatly impacted by worldwide trends .	In a result , the universities throughout the world are focusing to enhance performance and efficiency in their workings .	However , the literature review indicates that there is void on the evaluation of success or failure of ERP systems in higher education Institutes in Pakistan .	In overall , ERP systems implementation in higher education of Pakistan has not been given appropriate research focus .
+0	In \u { C } erenkov radiation and transition radiation , evanescent wave from motion of charged particles transfers into radiation coherently .	However , such dissipative motion-induced radiations require particles to move faster than light in medium or to encounter velocity transition to pump energy .	Inspired by a method to detect cloak by observing radiation of a fast-moving electron bunch going through it by Zhang { \itshape et al .	} , we study the generation of electron-induced radiation from electrons ' interaction with Maxwell 's fish-eye sphere .	Our calculation shows that the radiation is due to a combination of \u { C } erenkov radiation and transition radiation , which may pave the way to investigate new schemes of transferring evanescent wave to radiation .
+3	This fact provides a motivation to study the ensemble of non-hermitian unimodular matrices $ A $ , with all entries of the same modulus and random phases and the ensemble of quantum states $ \rho $ , such that all their diagonal entries are equal to $ 1/N $ .	Nonlocal properties of an ensemble of diagonal random unitary matrices of order $ N^2 $ are investigated .	The average Schmidt strength of such a bipartite diagonal quantum gate is shown to scale as $ \log N $ , in contrast to the $ \log N^2 $ behavior characteristic to random unitary gates .	Entangling power of a diagonal gate $ U $ is related to the von Neumann entropy of an auxiliary quantum state $ \rho=AA^ { \dagger } /N^2 $ , where the square matrix $ A $ is obtained by reshaping the vector of diagonal elements of $ U $ of length $ N^2 $ into a square matrix of order $ N $ .	Such a state is contradiagonal with respect to the computational basis , in sense that among all unitary equivalent states it maximizes the entropy copied to the environment due to the coarse graining process .
+3	We reassess earlier predictions of Pluto 's fate , and rule out the hypothesis that Pluto 's mass has been constant over the last century .	Since its discovery in 1930 , Pluto 's mass has been a value that has repeatedly been calculated .	Additionally , the search for Planet X prior to Pluto 's discovery results in mass calculations that date back several decades earlier .	Over its observed history , the mass of Pluto has consistently decreased .	We are able to fit linear and quadratic equations to Pluto 's mass as a function of both time and distance .
+3	A model-independent estimate of the inelastic contributions shows they are quite significant , lowering the form factor by about 6 % or more .	We examine the B - & gt ; D* form factor at zero recoil using a continuum QCD approach rooted in the heavy quark sum rules framework .	A refined evaluation of the radiative corrections as well as the most recent estimates of higher order power terms together with more careful continuum calculation are included .	An upper bound on the form factor of F ( 1 ) & lt ; 0.93 is derived , based on just the positivity of inelastic contributions .	This results in an unbiased estimate F ( 1 ) \approx 0.86 with about three percent uncertainty in the central value .
+0	In this paper , we investigate the compactness of the commutator $ [ C_\psi^ { \ast } , C_\varphi ] $ on the Hardy space $ H^2 ( B_N ) $ or the weighted Bergman space $ A^2_s ( B_N ) $ ( $ s & gt ; -1 $ ) , when $ \varphi $ and $ \psi $ are automorphisms of the unit ball $ B_N $ .	We obtain that $ [ C_\psi^ { \ast } , C_\varphi ] $ is compact if and only if $ \varphi $ and $ \psi $ commute and they are both unitary .	This generalizes the corresponding result in one variable .	Moreover , our technique is different and simpler .	In addition , we also discuss the commutator $ [ C_\psi^ { \ast } , C_\varphi ] $ on the Dirichlet space $ \mathcal { D } ( B_N ) $ , where $ \varphi $ and $ \psi $ are linear fractional self-maps or both automorphisms of $ B_N $ .
+3	The index allows to execute arbitrary tree algorithms with a slow-down that is comparable to the space improvement .	XML document markup is highly repetitive and therefore well compressible using dictionary-based methods such as DAGs or grammars .	In the context of selectivity estimation , grammar-compressed trees were used before as synopsis for structural XPath queries .	Here a fully-fledged index over such grammars is presented .	More interestingly , certain algorithms execute much faster over the index ( because no decompression occurs ) .
+2	The emission from the outer X-ray lobe-jets lies farther away from the central binary than the outer radio jets , and comes from material interpreted as being shock heated to ~10^6 K , a likely result of collision between high speed material ejected from the central binary and regions of enhanced gas density .	Chandra and VLA observations of the symbiotic star R Aqr in 2004 reveal significant changes over the three to four year interval between these observations and previous observations taken with the VLA in 1999 and with Chandra in 2000 .	This paper reports on the evolution of the outer thermal X-ray lobe-jets and radio jets .	Between 2000 and 2004 , the Northeast ( NE ) outer X-ray lobe-jet moved out away from the central binary , with an apparent projected motion of ~580 km s^-1 .	The Southwest ( SW ) outer X-ray lobe-jet almost disappeared between 2000 and 2004 , presumably due to adiabatic expansion and cooling .
+1	This phenomenon ( which also occurs in liquid hydrogen , liquid neon and possibly in solid helium ) lowers the mobility of the electron to a value similar to that for a positive ion .	When an electron ( or positronium atom ) is injected into liquid helium with nearly zero energy , a bubble quickly forms around it .	We estimate the radius of the bubble at zero pressure and temperature based on the zero point energy of the electron .	If the liquid is held in a state of negative pressure , the bubble will expand beyond the radius at zero pressure .	We also estimate the negative pressure such that a bubble once formed will grow without limit .
+0	Nucleation and its mechanism of diamond on titanium substrates under very low pressure was studied using hot-filament chemical vapor deposition .	Very high nucleation rates and densities ( 10^8-10^ { 10 } cm^ { -2 } ) were obtained under 1 torr , which were 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than the counterpart ( 10^7 cm^ { -2 } ) under conventionally low pressure ( tens of torr ) .	The effects of substrate temperature and methane concentration under very low pressure were also investigated , revealing that , overly high substrate temperature leads to a relatively low nucleation density , and that higher CH_4 concentration gives rise to a higher density and a higher rate .	The nucleation mechanism is discussed in detail .	While a large amount of atomic hydrogen creates nucleating sites , sufficient supersaturation of carbon and/or hydrocarbon species on/near the substrate surface is the key factor for nucleation , in competition against the rapid formation of carbide .
+4	Among the most serious approximations still implicit in the method is a static and homogeneous geometry .	Spectra of late-type stars are usually analyzed with static model atmospheres in local thermodynamic equilibrium ( LTE ) and a homogeneous plane-parallel or spherically symmetric geometry .	The energy balance requires particular attention , as two elements which are particularly difficult to model play an important role : line blanketing and convection .	Inversion techniques are able to bypass the difficulties of a detailed description of the energy balance .	Assuming that the atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium and LTE , it is possible to constrain its structure from spectroscopic observations .
+1	An \ion { H } { i } tidal tail has recently been detected between both galaxies , suggesting that about 70 % of the neutral gas has been ejected from them.We present deep broad-band optical images , together with narrow band H $ \alpha $ CCD images , and optical intermediate-resolution spectroscopy of both galaxies .	IRAS 08339+6517 is a luminous infrared and Ly $ \alpha $ -emitting starburst galaxy that possesses a dwarf companion object at a projected distance of 56 kpc .	The images reveal interaction features between both systems and strong H $ \alpha $ emission in the inner part of IRAS 08339+6517 .	The chemical composition of the ionized gas of the galaxies is rather similar .	The analysis of their kinematics also indicates interaction features and reveals an object that could be a candidate tidal dwarf galaxy or a remnant of an earlier merger .
+3	Transmission regions disappear beyond the small-amplitude limit .	The interaction of moving discrete solitons with a linear Gaussian defect is investigated .	Solitons with profiles varying from hyperbolic secant to exponentially localized are considered such that the mobility of soliton is maintained ; the condition for which is obtained .	Studies on scattering of the soliton by an attractive defect potential reveal the existence of total reflection and transmission windows which become very narrow with increasing initial soliton amplitude .	The regions of complete reflection and partial capture correspond to the windows of the existence and nonexistence of solution of the stationary problem .
+0	In this paper , we describe a so-called screening approach for learning robust processing of spontaneously spoken language .	A screening approach is a flat analysis which uses shallow sequences of category representations for analyzing an utterance at various syntactic , semantic and dialog levels .	Rather than using a deeply structured symbolic analysis , we use a flat connectionist analysis .	This screening approach aims at supporting speech and language processing by using ( 1 ) data-driven learning and ( 2 ) robustness of connectionist networks .	In order to test this approach , we have developed the SCREEN system which is based on this new robust , learned and flat analysis .
+3	The semiparametric approach loosens the structure of a parametric model by fitting a data-driven nonparametric model for the parameters .	Semiparametric forecasting and filtering are introduced as a method of addressing model errors arising from unresolved physical phenomena .	While traditional parametric models are able to learn high-dimensional systems from small data sets , their rigid parametric structure makes them vulnerable to model error .	On the other hand , nonparametric models have a very flexible structure , but they suffer from the curse-of-dimensionality and are not practical for high-dimensional systems .	Given a parametric dynamical model and a noisy data set of historical observations , an adaptive Kalman filter is used to extract a time-series of the parameter values .
+3	In this paper , we propose a convex optimization based approximation method for efficiently handling the outage-constrained weighted sum rate maximization problem .	This paper considers weighted sum rate maximization of multiuser multiple-input single-output interference channel ( MISO-IFC ) under outage constraints .	The outage-constrained weighted sum rate maximization problem is a nonconvex optimization problem and is difficult to solve .	While it is possible to optimally deal with this problem in an exhaustive search manner by finding all the Pareto-optimal rate tuples in the ( discretized ) outage-constrained achievable rate region , this approach , however , suffers from a prohibitive computational complexity and is feasible only when the number of transmitter-receive pairs is small .	The proposed approximation method consists of solving a sequence of convex optimization problems , and thus can be efficiently implemented by interior-point methods .
+1	Two types of shielding current , corresponding to global and local critical current densities $ J_ { \rm c } $ were observed using both measurement methods .	The critical current densities of polycrystalline bulk SmFeAsO $ _ { 1-x } $ F $ _x $ prepared by the powder-in-tube ( PIT ) method and by a conventional solid-state reaction were investigated using the remnant magnetic moment method and Campbell 's method .	The global and local $ J_ { \rm c } $ were on the order of $ 10^7 $ A/m $ ^2 $ and $ 10^ { 10 } $ A/m $ ^2 $ at 5 K , respectively .	The local $ J_ { \rm c } $ decreased slightly with increasing magnetic field .	The global $ J_ { \rm c } $ was independent of the preparation method , while the local $ J_ { \rm c } $ was larger for samples prepared by PIT than for those prepared by solid-state reaction .
+1	The verified properties are formally expressed in temporal logics .	Model checking verifies that a model of a system satisfies a given property , and otherwise produces a counter-example explaining the violation .	Some temporal logics , such as CTL , are branching : they allow to express facts about the whole computation tree of the model , rather than on each single linear computation .	This branching aspect is even more critical when dealing with multi-modal logics , i.e.logics expressing facts about systems with several transition relations .	A prominent example is CTLK , a logic that reasons about temporal and epistemic properties of multi-agent systems .
+1	The local symmetries of the potential are encoded into corresponding local basis vectors in terms of symmetry-induced two-point invariant currents which map the basis amplitudes between symmetry-related points .	A theory for wave mechanical systems with local inversion and translation symmetries is developed employing the two-dimensional solution space of the stationary Schr\ '' odinger equation .	A universal wavefunction structure in locally symmetric potentials is revealed , independently of the physical boundary conditions , by using special local bases which are adapted to the existing local symmetries .	The local symmetry bases enable efficient computation of spatially resolved wave amplitudes in systems with arbitrary combinations of local inversion and translation symmetries .	The approach opens the perspective of a flexible analysis and control of wave localization in structurally complex systems .
+2	Barring Be 62 , which is young open cluster , other clusters show a uniform reddening across the cluster region .	In this paper we study the evolution of core and corona of nine open clusters using the projected radial density profiles derived from homogeneous CCD photometric data obtained through the 105-cm Kiso Schmidt telescope .	The age and galactocentric distance of the target clusters varies from 16 Myr to 2000 Myr and 9 kpcto 10.8 kpc respectively .	The reddening in Be 62varies from $ E ( B-V ) _ { min } $ = 0.70 mag to $ E ( B-V ) _ { max } $ = 1.00 mag .	The corona of six of the clusters in the present sample is found to be elongated , however on the basis of the present sample it is not possible to establish any correlation between the age and shape of the core .
+2	Then , the end-points of all strings are averaged to form the next iterate .	We study the maximum likelihood model in emission tomography and propose a new family of algorithms for its solution , called String-Averaging Expectation-Maximization ( SAEM ) .	In the String-Averaging algorithmic regime , the index set of all underlying equations is split into subsets , called `` strings , '' and the algorithm separately proceeds along each string , possibly in parallel .	SAEM algorithms with several strings presents better practical merits than the classical Row-Action Maximum-Likelihood Algorithm ( RAMLA ) .	We present numerical experiments showing the effectiveness of the algorithmic scheme in realistic situations .
+3	Many interesting aspects of these functions are hidden in their Fourier coefficients with respect to unipotent subgroups and a large part of our focus is to explain and derive general theorems on these Fourier expansions .	We provide an introduction to the theory of Eisenstein series and automorphic forms on real simple Lie groups G , emphasising the role of representation theory .	It is useful to take a slightly wider view and define all objects over the ( rational ) adeles A , thereby also paving the way for connections to number theory , representation theory and the Langlands program .	Most of the results we present are already scattered throughout the mathematics literature but our exposition collects them together and is driven by examples .	Specifically , we give complete proofs of Langlands ' constant term formula for Eisenstein series on adelic groups G ( A ) as well as the Casselman -- Shalika formula for the p-adic spherical Whittaker vector associated to unramified automorphic representations of G ( Q_p ) .
+4	An increase in luminosity is accompanied by a decrease in the blackbody luminosity and a hardening of the spectrum .	4U 1543-624 is a relatively bright persistent low-mass X-ray binary .	Analysis of archival data from ASCA , SAX and RXTE is presented .	The X-ray continuum be can modeled with the standard low-mass X-ray binary spectrum , an isothermal blackbody and a Comptonized component .	Variations in the luminosity and flux ratio of the continuum components are seen .
+3	However , both these two test are not invariant under the group of scalar transformations .	This article is concerned with simultaneous tests on linear regression coefficients in high-dimensional settings .	When the dimensionality is larger than the sample size , the classic $ F $ -test is not applicable since the sample covariance matrix is not invertible .	In order to overcome this issue , both Goeman , Finos and van Houwelingen ( 2011 ) and Zhong and Chen ( 2011 ) proposed their test procedures after excluding the $ ( \X^ { ' } \X ) ^ { -1 } $ term in $ F $ -statistics .	In order to treat those variables in a `fair ' way , we proposed a new test statistic and establish its asymptotically normal under certain mild conditions .
+3	The triumph of 3-D simulations , 3 .	To be published in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 239 `` Convection in Astrophysics '' ( ed .	F. Kupka , I. W. Roxburgh , K. L. Chan ) .Content : 1 .	From Nice to Prague , 2 .	How to lower the cost - what else can be done ? 4 .
+2	In contrast , other jet rebound phenomena are typically sensitive to $ \gamma $ : jet rebound off a hard solid ( e.g.superhydrophobic surface ) or another liquid is possible only for high and low $ \gamma $ liquids respectively .	A liquid jet can stably bounce off a sufficiently soft gel , by following the contour of the dimple created due to pressure upon impact .	This phenomenon is relatively insensitive to the wetting properties of the liquid and was observed for different liquids over a wide range of surface tensions , $ \gamma $ = 24-72 mN/m .	This is because an air layer must exist between the two interfaces .	For a soft gel , no air layer is necessary and jet rebound remains stable even when there is direct liquid-gel contact .
+2	Here , we update and extend the relation originally presented in Bastien et al .	In Bastien et al .	( 2013 ) we found that high quality light curves , such as those obtained by Kepler , may be used to measure stellar surface gravity via granulation-driven light curve `` flicker '' .	( 2013 ) after calibrating flicker against a more robust set of asteroseismically derived surface gravities .	We describe in detail how we extract the flicker signal from the light curves , including how we treat phenomena , such as exoplanet transits and shot noise , that adversely affect the measurement of flicker .
+2	We examined the spin vector distribution of these 54 galaxies for evidence of preferential galaxy alignments .	We use HI observations made with the upgraded Arecibo 305M Telescope in August 1998 to obtain accurate spin vector determinations for 54 nearly edge-on galaxies in the Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner Pisces-Perseus Survey ( MAPS-PP ) .	We introduce a simple observational technique of determining the sense of rotation for galaxies , even when their HI disks are not fully resolved .	We use the Kuiper statistic , a variant of the Kolmogorov -- Smirnov statistic , to determine the significance of any anisotropies in the distribution of galaxy spin vectors .	The possibility of `` spin vector domains '' is also investigated .
+4	2001 ) who suggested that there is a global power-law governing the amount of dust seen in debris disks as a function of time .	We study the time dependency of Vega-like excesses using infrared studies obtained with the imaging photopolarimeter ISOPHOT on board of ISO .	We review the different studies published on this issue , and critically check and revise ages and fractional luminosities in the different samples .	The conclusions of our study differ significantly from those obtained by other authors ( e.g.Holland et al .	1998 ; Spangler et al .
+0	Our project is to define Radon-type transforms in symplectic geometry .	The chosen framework consists of symplectic symmetric spaces whose canonical connection is of Ricci-type .	They can be considered as symplectic analogues of the spaces of constant holomorphic curvature in K\ '' ahlerian Geometry .	They are characterized amongst a class of symplectic manifolds by the existence of many totally geodesic symplectic submanifolds .	We present a particular class of Radon type tranforms , associating to a smooth compactly supported function on a homogeneous manifold $ M $ , a function on a homogeneous space $ N $ of totally geodesic submanifolds of $ M $ , and vice versa .
+1	In 1989 , Bitar conjectured that the period of a parallel chip-firing game with n vertices is at most n. Though this conjecture was disproven in 1994 by Kiwi et .	The parallel chip-firing game is a periodic automaton on graphs in which vertices `` fire '' chips to their neighbors .	al. , it has been proven for particular classes of graphs , specifically trees ( Bitar and Goles , 1992 ) and the complete graph K_n ( Levine , 2008 ) .	We prove Bitar 's conjecture for complete bipartite graphs and characterize completely all possible periods for positions of the parallel chip-firing game on such graphs .	Furthermore , we extend our construction of all possible periods for games on the bipartite graph to games on complete c-partite graphs , c & gt ; 2 , and prove some pertinent lemmas about games on general simple connected graphs .
+3	It is found that at background density \rho_ { N } =2.5\rho_ { 0 } the \Lambda\Lambda pairing gap is very small , and that denser background makes it rapidly suppressed .	We calculate a \Lambda\Lambda pairing gap in binary mixed matter of nucleons and \Lambda hyperons within the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model .	Lambda hyperons to be paired up are immersed in background nucleons in a normal state .	The gap is calculated with a one-boson-exchange interaction obtained from a relativistic Lagrangian .	This result suggests a mechanism , specific to mixed matter dealt with relativistic models , of its dependence on the nucleon density .
+3	In this study we analyse the stability of a travelling wave solution generated by the reaction-diffusion model of Chan & amp ; Kim ( 2013 ) by computing the essential and point spectrum of the linearised operator arising in the model .	Numerous studies have examined the growth dynamics of Wolbachia within populations and the resultant rate of spatial spread .	This spread is typically characterised as a travelling wave with bistable local growth dynamics due to a strong Allee effect generated from cytoplasmic incompatibility .	While this rate of spread has been calculated from numerical solutions of reaction-diffusion models , none have examined the spectral stability of such travelling wave solutions .	The point spectrum is computed via an Evans function using the compound matrix method , whereby we find that it has no roots with positive real part .
+1	Since travel times are of great importance for developing realistic solutions for traffic assignment and traffic signal coordination in urban road networks , we perform an extensive analysis of the model .	In this paper , we present a cyclically time-expanded network model for simultaneous optimization of traffic assignment and traffic signal parameters , in particular offsets , split times , and phase orders .	We show that a linear time-expanded model can reproduce realistic travel times especially for use with traffic signals and we verify this by simulation .	Furthermore , we show how exact mathematical programming techniques can be used for optimizing the control of traffic signals .	We provide computational results for real world instances and demonstrate the capabilities of the cyclically time-expanded by simulation results obtained with state-of-the-art traffic simulation tools .
+4	Using the public goods game to model group-wise cooperation , we find that under certain circumstances , the concerted actions of a trivial number of such migrants will catalyse widespread behavioural change throughout an entire population .	Much research has been carried out to understand the emergence of cooperation in simulated social networks of competing individuals .	Such research typically implements a population as a single connected network .	Here we adopt a more realistic premise ; namely that populations consist of multiple networks , whose members migrate from one to another .	Specifically , we isolate the key elements of the scenario where a minority of members from a cooperative network migrate to a network populated by defectors .
+4	This decomposition is analogous to that of the continuous case .	We analyse the splitting algorithm performance in the estimation of rare event probabilities and this in a discrete multidimensional framework .	For this we assume that each threshold is partitioned into disjoint subsets and the probability for a particle to reach the next threshold will depend on the starting subset .	A straightforward estimator of the rare event probability is given by the proportion of simulated particles for which the rare event occurs .	The variance of this estimator we get is the sum of two parts : one part resuming the variability due to each threshold and a second part resuming the variability due to the thresholds number .
+1	These exotic `` supersonic '' models may have interesting consequences for cosmology and astrophysics .	It is well known that in manifestly Lorentz invariant theories with nontrivial kinetic terms , perturbations around some classical backgrounds can travel faster than light .	In particular , one can show that in such theories the contribution of the gravitational waves to the CMB fluctuations can be significantly larger than that in standard inflationary models .	This increase of the tensor-to-scalar perturbation ratio leads to a larger B-component of the CMB polarization , thus making the prospects for future detection much more promising .	Interestingly , the spectral index of scalar perturbations and mass of the scalar field considered in the model are practically indistinguishable from the standard case .
+2	The present understanding is that the TI has the turbulent superfluid and the laminar normal fluid but both fluids are turbulent in the TII state .	We perform a numerical analysis of superfluid turbulence produced by thermal counterflow in He II by using the vortex filament model .	Counterflow in a low aspect ratio channel is known to show the transition from laminar flow to the two turbulent states TI and TII .	This work studies the vortex tangle in the TI state .	Solid boundary condition is applied to walls of a square channel , and the velocity field of the normal fluid is prescribed to be a laminar Poiseuille profile .
+0	A model of a straight superconducting global cosmic string is examined in a setting wherein the string supports a charge/current pulse described by a travelling wave along the string .	Linearized field equations are obtained for fluctuations of the scalar and vector fields of the theory , and a set of approximate particular solutions are found for the case in which the linear charge density and the current of the string have equal magnitudes .	Although the equations of motion seem to suggest that the scalar and vector excitation fields are massive inside the string core , the particular solutions show that they behave as effectively massless fields which propagate at the speed of light along the string along with the primary charge/current pulse .	The effect of the mass parameter is to modulate the radial profile of the excitation fields .	The vector excitation field generates radial and angular components for both the electric and magnetic fields , but the particular solutions do not describe the emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation from the string .
+1	Given an ordered 3-tuple of positive integers a= ( a , b , c ) and for j in N , a family of sequences a_j = ( j , a+j , a+b+j , a+b+c+j ) , we consider the collection of monomial curves in A^ { 4 } associated with a_j .	Let k be a field of characteristic zero .	The Betti numbers of the Semigroup rings collection associated with a_j are conjectured to be eventually periodic with period a+b+c by Herzog and Srinivasan .	Let p in N , in this paper , we prove that for a = ( p ( b+c ) , b , c ) or a = ( a , b , p ( a+b ) ) in the collection of defining ideals associated with a_j , for large j the ideals are complete intersections if and only if ( a + b + c ) |j .	Moreover , the complete intersections are periodic with the conjectured period .
+3	We provide bounds on the loss incorporated by applying time-sharing and separation in source broadcasting .	This work discusses the source broadcasting problem , i.e.transmitting a source to many receivers via a broadcast channel .	The optimal rate-distortion region for this problem is unknown .	The separation approach divides the problem into two complementary problems : source successive refinement and broadcast channel transmission .	If the broadcast channel is degraded , it turns out that separation-based time-sharing achieves at least a factor of the joint source-channel optimal rate , and this factor has a positive limit even if the number of receivers increases to infinity .
+3	We map out the parameter space that is consistent with cosmological constraints and direct searches , assuming that some unspecified mechanism creates the asymmetry that gives the right abundance , since the dark matter can not be a thermal relic in this scenario .	We present a simplified version of the atomic dark matter scenario , in which charged dark constituents are bound into atoms analogous to hydrogen by a massless hidden sector U ( 1 ) gauge interaction .	Previous studies have assumed that interactions between the dark sector and the standard model are mediated by a second , massive Z ' gauge boson , but here we consider the case where only a massless gamma ' kinetically mixes with the standard model hypercharge and thereby mediates direct detection .	This is therefore the simplest atomic dark matter model that has direct interactions with the standard model , arising from the small electric charge for the dark constituents induced by the kinetic mixing .	In the special case where the dark `` electron '' and `` proton '' are degenerate in mass , inelastic hyperfine transitions can explain the CoGeNT excess events .
+4	Temperatures are estimated from observed large $ p_T $ distributions under the assumption that the distribution function approaches to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in the lower momentum limit .	Large transverse momentum distributions of identified particles observed at RHIC are analyzed by a relativistic stochastic model in the three dimensional ( non-Euclidean ) rapidity space .	A distribution function obtained from the model is Gaussian-like in radial rapidity .	It can well describe observed transverse momentum $ p_T $ distributions .	Estimation of radial flow is made from the analysis of $ p_T $ distributions for $ \bar { p } $ in Au + Au Collisions .
+0	We consider a simple initial-boundary-value problem for the shallow water equations in one space dimension , and also the analogous problem for a symmetric variant of the system .	Assuming smoothness of solutions , we discretize these problems in space using standard Galerkin-finite element methods and prove $ L^ { 2 } $ -error estimates for the semidiscrete problems for quasiuniform and uniform meshes .	In particular we show that in the case of spatial discretizations with piecewise linear continuous functions on a uniform mesh , suitable compatibility conditions at the boundary and superaccuracy properties of the $ L^ { 2 } $ projection on the finite element subspaces lead to an optimal-order $ O ( h^ { 2 } ) $ $ L^ { 2 } $ -error estimate .	We also examine temporal discretizations of the semidiscrete problems by three explicit Runge-Kutta methods ( the Euler , improved Euler , and the Shu-Osher scheme ) and prove $ L^ { 2 } $ -error estimates , which are of optimal order in the temporal variable , under appropriate stability conditions .	In a final section of remarks we prove optimal-order $ L^ { 2 } $ -error estimates for smooth spline spatial discretizations of the periodic initial-value problem for the systems .
+3	About 100 days after the explosion the light curve suddenly flattens , the spectral lines broaden and the Halpha flux becomes larger than what is expected from a purely radioactive model .	Observations of the type II SN 1996L reveal the presence of a slowly expanding ( V~700 $ km/s ) shell at ~ 10^ ( 16 ) cm from the exploding star .	Narrow emission features are visible in the early spectra superposed on the normal SN spectrum .	Within about two months these features develop narrow symmetric P-Cygni profiles .	These events are interpreted as signatures of the onset of the interaction between the fast moving ejecta and a slowly moving outer shell of matter ejected before the SN explosion .
+4	We devote special care to the realistic modeling of the count-rate measurement uncertainties and evaluate the potential of the method via a Fisher analysis .	We present a new method aiming to simplify the cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys .	It is based on purely instrumental observable quantities , considered in a two-dimensional X-ray colour-magnitude diagram ( hardness ratio versus count-rate ) .	The basic principle is that , even in rather shallow surveys , substantial information on cluster redshift and temperature is present in the raw X-ray data and can be statistically extracted ; in parallel , such diagrams can be readily predicted from an ab initio cosmological modeling .	We illustrate the methodology for the case of a 100 deg2 XMM survey having a sensitivity of ~10^ { -14 } ergs/s/cm^2 and fit at the same time , the survey selection function , the cluster evolutionary scaling-relations and the cosmology ; our sole assumption -- driven by the limited size of the sample considered in the case-study -- is that the local cluster scaling relations are known .
+1	To investigate the short-term behaviour of the spectrum of HD 76534 we have obtained 30 spectra within two hours real-time and searched for variations in the spectrum .	We present time-resolved spectroscopy of the Be star HD 76534 , which was observed to have an Halpha outburst in 1995 , when the line went from photospheric absorption to emission at a level of more than two times the continuum within 2.5 hours .	Within the levels of statistical significance , no variability was found .	Rather than periodic on short time scales , the Halpha behaviour seems to be commonly episodic on longer ( & gt ; 1 year ) time scales , as an assessment of the existing data on the Halpha line and the Hipparcos photometry suggests .	HD 76534 underwent only 1 photometric outburst in the 3 year span that the star was monitored by the Hipparcos satellite .
+3	In a general situation , the surface solitons form when amplification coefficient exceeds threshold value .	We report dissipative surface solitons forming at the interface between a semi-infinite lattice and a homogeneous Kerr medium .	The solitons exist due to balance between amplification in the near-surface lattice channel and two-photon absorption .	The stable dissipative surface solitons exist in both focusing and defocusing media , when propagation constants of corresponding states fall into a total semi-infinite and or into one of total finite gaps of the spectrum ( i.e.in a domain where propagation of linear waves is inhibited for the both media ) .	When a soliton is formed in a total finite gap there exists also the upper limit for the linear gain .
+0	We propose that several mechanisms contribute to friction in a polymer melt adsorbed at a structured surface .	The first one is the well known disentanglement of bulk polymer chains from the surface layer .	However , if the surface is ideal at the atomic scale , the adsorbed parts of polymer chains can move along the equipotential lines of the surface potential .	This gives rise to a strong slippage of the melt .	For high shear rates chains partially desorb .
+3	In this work , the effect of crystalline lamellar thickness and stretching temperature on the cavitation process in PB-1 has been investigated by means of combined synchrotron ultrasmall-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering techniques .	Polybutene-1 ( PB-1 ) , a typical semicrystalline polymer , in its stable form I shows a peculiar temperature dependent strain-whitening behavior when being stretched at different temperatures where the extent of strain-whitening weakens with the increasing of stretching temperature reaching a minima value followed by an increase at higher stretching temperatures .	Correspondingly , a stronger strain-hardening phenomenon was observed at higher stretching temperatures .	The strain-whitening phenomenon in semicrystalline polymers has its origin of cavitation process during stretching .	It was found that , with respect to the cavitation process , three modes of cavitation during the stretching process can be identified , namely no cavitation for sample with the thinnest lamellae where only shear yielding occurred , cavitation with reorientation for the samples stretched at lower temperatures and samples with thicker lamellae , and cavitation without reorientation for samples with thinner lamellae stretched at higher temperatures .
+4	To make a breakthrough in testing these massive equations we designed several novel algorithms for generating Greechie diagrams with an arbitrary number of blocks and atoms ( currently testing with up to 50 ) and for automated checking of equations on them .	We provide several new results on quantum state space , on lattice of subspaces of an infinite dimensional Hilbert space , and on infinite dimensional Hilbert space equations as well as on connections between them .	In particular we obtain an n-variable generalized orthoarguesian equation which holds in any infinite dimensional Hilbert space .	Then we strengthen Godowski 's result by showing that in an ortholattice on which strong states are defined Godowski 's equations as well as the orthomodularity hold .	We also prove that all 6- and 4-variable orthoarguesian equations presented in the literature can be reduced to new 4- and 3-variable ones , respectively and that Mayet 's examples follow from Godowski 's equations .
+2	When the initial velocity is related to the gradient of the initial density , a solution to the continuity equation- $ \rho_\varepsilon $ converges to the unique solution to the porous medium equation [ 13,14 ] .	We consider the one-dimensional Cauchy problem for the Navier-Stokes equations with degenerate viscosity coefficient in highly compressible regime .	It corresponds to the compressible Navier-Stokes system with large Mach number equal to $ \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { \varepsilon } } $ for $ \varepsilon $ going to $ 0 $ .	For viscosity coefficient $ \mu ( \rho_\varepsilon ) =\rho_\varepsilon^\alpha $ with $ \alpha & gt ; 1 $ , we obtain a rate of convergence of $ \rho_\varepsilon $ in $ L^\infty ( 0 , T ; H^ { -1 } ( \mathbb { R } ) ) $ ; for $ 1 & lt ; \alpha\leq\frac { 3 } { 2 } $ the solution $ \rho_\varepsilon $ converges in $ L^\infty ( 0 , T ; L^2 ( \mathbb { R } ) ) $ .	For compactly supported initial data , we prove that most of the mass corresponding to solution $ \rho_\varepsilon $ is located in the support of the solution to the porous medium equation .
+0	On construit des foncteurs de formes differentielles generalisees .	Ceux-ci , dans le cas d'espaces nilpotents de type fini , determinent le type d'homotopie faible des espaces .	Ils sont munis , d'une maniere elementaire et naturelle , de l'action de cup-i produits .	Pour les algebres commutatives a homotopit pres ( algebres sur une resolution cofibrante de l'operade des algebres commutatives ) , on demontre en utilisant les formes differentielles generalisees que le modele de la fibre d'une application simpliciale est la cofibre du modele de ce morphisme .	We construct functors of generalized differential forms .
+3	We also in the Postscript section address the bottom quark energy loss .	Confinement indicates an asymptotic quark state not observable except its energy is zero .	Unitarity indicates that the total probability of a definite state of quark system to transit to any final state is exactly one .	This talk reviews some important conclusions/predictions from the basic properties like unitarity of the combination model , as addressed by the title .	In the discussions around the dinner table in the Rencontre , the author combined the large transverse momentum J/Psi suppression and the contribution to J/Psi by B decay in large transverse momentum , made the expectation that bottom quark energy loss could be quite similar as light quark for b quark transverse momentum enough larger than b quark mass .
+1	Recent observations have shown that the dust surrounding a protostar emits more efficiently at longer wavelengths as the protoplanetary disk evolves , suggesting that the dust particles are coagulating into fluffy aggregates , `` much as dust bunnies form under a bed . ''	Planetary formation is an efficient process now thought to take place on a relatively short astronomical time scale .	One poorly understood problem in this coagulation process is the manner in which micron-sized , charged grains form the fractal aggregate structures now thought to be the precursors of protoplanetary disk evolution .	This study examines the characteristics of such fractal aggregates formed by the collision of spherical monomers and aggregates where the charge is distributed over the aggregate structure .	The aggregates are free to rotate due to collisions and dipole-dipole electrostatic interactions .
+3	This seems to be a new phenomenon , caused by the fact that the curves of the second families have odd rank .	Using the ratios conjectures as introduced by Conrey , Farmer and Zirnbauer , we obtain closed formulas for the one-level density for two families of L-functions attached to elliptic curves .	From those closed formulas , we can determine the underlying symmetry types of the families .	The one-level scaling density for the first family corresponds to the orthogonal distribution as predicted by the conjectures of Katz and Sarnak , and the one-level scaling density for the second family is the sum of the Dirac distribution and the even orthogonal distribution .	Then , there is a trivial zero at the central point which accounts for the Dirac distribution , and also affects the remaining part of the scaling density which is then ( maybe surprisingly ) the even orthogonal distribution .
+0	We present a catalogue of starless and protostellar clumps associated with infrared dark clouds ( IRDCs ) in a 40 degrees wide region of the inner Galactic Plane ( b & lt ; 1 ) .	We have extracted the far-infrared ( FIR ) counterparts of 3493 IRDCs with known distance in the Galactic longitude range 15 & lt ; l & lt ; 55 and searched for the young clumps using Hi-GAL , the survey of the Galactic Plane carried out with the Herschel satellite .	Each clump is identified as a compact source detected at 160 , 250 and 350 mum .	The clumps have been classified as protostellar or starless , based on their emission ( or lack of emission ) at 70 mum .	We identify 1723 clumps , 1056 ( 61 % ) of which are protostellar and 667 ( 39 % ) starless .
+4	Some other potential implications of $ OSp ( 1|8 ) $ in the proposed setting are briefly outlined .	We exhibit surprising relations between higher spin theory and nonlinear realizations of the supergroup $ OSp ( 1|8 ) $ , a minimal superconformal extension of N=1 , 4D supersymmetry with tensorial charges .	We construct a realization of $ OSp ( 1|8 ) $ on the coset supermanifold $ OSp ( 1|8 ) /SL ( 4 , R ) $ which involves the tensorial superspace $ R^ { ( 10|4 ) } $ and Goldstone superfields given on it .	The covariant superfield equation encompassing the component ones for all integer and half-integer massless higher spins amounts to the vanishing of covariant spinor derivatives of the suitable Goldstone superfields , and , via Maurer-Cartan equations , to the vanishing of $ SL ( 4 , R ) $ supercurvature in odd directions of $ R^ { ( 10|4 ) } $ .	Aiming at higher spin extension of the Ogievetsky-Sokatchev formulation of N=1 supergravity , we generalize the notion of N=1 chirality and construct first examples of invariant superfield actions involving a non-trivial interaction .
+1	In addition , we have simulated many particle systems of granular hard needles .	We have developed a kinetic theory of hard needles undergoing binary collisions with loss of energy due to normal and tangential restitution .	The theory , based on the assumption of a homogeneous cooling state , predicts that granular cooling of the needles proceeds in two stages : An exponential decay of the initial configuration to a state where translational and rotational energies take on a time independent ratio ( not necessarily unity ) , followed by an algebraic decay of the total kinetic energy $ \sim t^ { -2 } $ .	The simulations support the theory very well for low and moderate densities .	For higher densities , we have observed the onset of the formation of clusters and shear bands .
+0	The combination of the multiple shooting strategy with the generalized Gauss-Newton algorithm turns out in a recognized method for estimating parameters in ordinary differential equations ( ODEs ) from noisy discrete observations .	A key issue for an efficient implementation of this method is the accurate integration of the ODE and the evaluation of the derivatives involved in the optimization algorithm .	In this paper , we study the feasibility of the Local Linearization ( LL ) approach for the simultaneous numerical integration of the ODE and the evaluation of such derivatives .	This integration approach results in a stable method for the accurate approximation of the derivatives with no more computational cost than the that involved in the integration of the ODE .	The numerical simulations show that the proposed Multiple Shooting-Local Linearization method recovers the true parameters value under different scenarios of noisy data .
+1	{ \bf 99 } , 216102 ( 2007 ) ; J.Am.Chem.Soc .	Glycine molecules deposited on Cu ( 100 ) surface give rise to an anisotropic free-electron-like ( FEL ) electronic dispersion in its p ( 2 $ \times $ 4 ) superstructure , as reported in recent experiments [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 129 } , 740 ( 2007 ) ] .	Using density functional theory and exhaustively calculating sixteen possible structures , we have determined the molecular arrangement that can give the experimentally observed FEL behavior .	Eight configurations , among the sixteen , were not investigated before in the literature and one of them ( denoted Str-3 ) is able to provide the FEL behavior in excellent agreement with the experiments .
+1	Our motivation comes from the comparison between experimental tumor growth curves in mice endowed with intact or disrupted circadian clocks , known to exert their influence on the cell division cycle .	We study the growth rate of a cell population that follows an age-structured PDE with time-periodic coefficients .	We compare the growth rate of the model controlled by a time-periodic control on its coefficients with the growth rate of stationary models of the same nature , but with averaged coefficients .	We firstly derive a delay differential equation which allows us to prove several inequalities and equalities on the growth rates .	We also discuss about the necessity to take into account the structure of the cell division cycle for chronotherapy modeling .
+2	Then very soon they were rederived in Riemannian and in Finslerian geometry .	Normality equations describe Newtonian dynamical systems admitting normal shift of hypersurfaces .	These equations were first derived in Euclidean geometry .	Recently I have found that normality equations can be derived in geometry given by classical and/or generalized Legendre transformation .	However , in this case they appear to be written in p-representation , i. e. in terms of momentum covector and its components .
+2	All non-perturbative parton correlators of the calculation are fixed through information from other hard processes .	We consider the inclusive production of hadrons in lepton-nucleon scattering .	For a transversely polarized nucleon this reaction shows a left-right azimuthal asymmetry , which we compute this asymmetry in both TMD and in twist-3 collinear factorization formalisms .	Our results for the left-right asymmetry agree in sign with recent data for charged pion production from the HERMES Collaboration and from Jefferson Lab .	We discuss similarities and differences of two formalisms .
+3	A solution to the heat- and mass-transport problem around the perturbed interface is given in the presence of the local nonequilibrium solute diffusion .	The interface stability against small perturbations of the planar solid-liquid interface is considered analytically in linear approximation .	Following the analytical procedure of Trivedi and Kurz ( Trivedi R , Kurz W. Acta Metall 1986 ; 34:1663 ) , which is advancing the original treatment of morphological stability by Mullins and Sekerka ( Mullins WW , Sekerka RF .	J Appl Phys 1964 ; 35:444 ) to the case of rapid solidification , we extend the model by introducing the local nonequilibrium in the solute diffusion field around the interface .	Using the developing local nonequilibrium model of solidification , the self-consistent analysis of linear morphological stability is presented with the attribution to the marginal ( neutral ) and absolute morphological stability of a rapidly moving interface .
+0	It has been shown that tribimaximal mixing can be obtained by some particular breaking pattern of the $ A_4 $ symmetry , wherein the extra $ A_4 $ triplet Higgs scalars pick up certain fixed vacuum expectation value ( VEV ) alignments .	We have performed a detailed analysis of the different possible neutrino mass matrices within the framework of the $ A_4 $ model .	We take into account all possible singlet and triplet Higgs scalars which leave the Lagrangian invariant under $ A_4 $ .	We break $ A_4 $ spontaneously , allowing the Higgs to take any VEV in general .	We show that the neutrino mixing matrix deviates from tribimaximal , both due to the presence of the extra Higgs singlets , as well as from the deviation of the triplet Higgs VEV from its desired alignment , taken previously .
+1	Such a situation requires a significant release of energy .	Giant molecular clouds contain supersonic turbulence and simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence show that these supersonic motions decay in roughly a crossing time , which is less than the estimated lifetimes of molecular clouds .	We run models of C-type shocks propagating into gas with densities around 10^3 cm^ ( -3 ) at velocities of a few km / s , appropriate for the ambient conditions inside of a molecular cloud , to determine which species and transitions dominate the cooling and radiative energy release associated with shock cooling of turbulent molecular clouds .	We find that these shocks dissipate their energy primarily through CO rotational transitions and by compressing pre-existing magnetic fields .	We present model spectra for these shocks and by combining these models with estimates for the rate of turbulent energy dissipation , we show that shock emission should dominate over emission from unshocked gas for mid to high rotational transitions ( J & gt ; 5 ) of CO. We also find that the turbulent energy dissipation rate is roughly equivalent to the cosmic-ray heating rate and that the ambipolar diffusion heating rate may be significant , especially in shocked gas .
+1	We also obtain the master equation that governs the evolution of quantum systems according to these clocks and find its general solution .	We characterize good clocks , which are naturally subject to fluctuations , in statistical terms .	This master equation is diffusive and produces loss of coherence .	Moreover , real clocks can be described in terms of effective interactions that are nonlocal in time .	Alternatively , they can be modeled by an effective thermal bath coupled to the system .
+4	Proving a strong converse , along with an achievability theorem , shows that the classical capacity is a sharp boundary between reliable and unreliable communication regimes .	Quantum entanglement can be used in a communication scheme to establish a correlation between successive channel inputs that is impossible by classical means .	It is known that the classical capacity of quantum channels can be enhanced by such entangled encoding schemes , but this is not always the case .	In this paper , we prove that a strong converse theorem holds for the classical capacity of an entanglement-breaking channel even when it is assisted by a classical feedback link from the receiver to the transmitter .	In doing so , we identify a bound on the strong converse exponent , which determines the exponentially decaying rate at which the success probability tends to zero when the communication rate exceeds the capacity .
+1	We calculate the thermal relaxation of the neutron star ocean and crust including the thermal and compositional fluxes due to convection .	We show that convection driven by chemical separation can significantly affect the cooling curves of accreting neutron stars after they go into quiescence .	After the inward propagating cooling wave reaches the base of the neutron star ocean , the ocean begins to freeze , driving chemical separation .	The resulting convection transports heat inward , giving much faster cooling of the surface layers than found assuming the ocean cools passively .	The light curves including convection show a rapid drop in temperature weeks after outburst .
+1	In this paper , three new families of ZDB functions are presented .	Zero-difference balanced ( ZDB ) functions integrate a number of subjects in combinatorics and algebra , and have many applications in coding theory , cryptography and communications engineering .	The first construction , inspired by the recent work \cite { Cai13 } , gives ZDB functions defined on the abelian groups $ ( \gf ( q_1 ) \times \cdots \times \gf ( q_k ) , + ) $ with new and flexible parameters .	The other two constructions are based on $ 2 $ -cyclotomic cosets and yield ZDB functions on $ \Z_n $ with new parameters .	The parameters of optimal constant composition codes , optimal and perfect difference systems of sets obtained from these new families of ZDB functions are also summarized .
+2	We also report the spectral ( energy ) distributions of several resonant transitions , which exhibit interesting structures , such as zeroes in the emission spectrum , indicating that two-photon emission is strongly suppressed at certain frequencies .	A theoretical study the all two-photon transitions from initial bound states with ni = 2 , 3 in hydrogenic ions is presented .	High-precision values of relativistic decay rates for ions with nuclear charge in the range 1 = & lt ; Z = & lt ; 92 are obtained through the use of finite basis sets for the Dirac equation constructed from B-splines .	We compare two different approaches ( the Line Profile Approach ( LPA ) and the QED approach based on the analysis of the relativistic two-loop self energy ( TLA ) ) to regularize the resonant contribution to the decay rate .	Predictions for the pure two-photon contributions obtained in these approaches are found to be in a good numerical agreement .
+2	We removed detected point sources from the data to extract spectra from diffuse regions around Terzan 5 .	Terzan 5 , a globular cluster ( GC ) prominent in mass and population of compact objects , is searched for diffuse X-ray emission , as proposed by several models .	We analyzed the data of an archival Chandra observation of Terzan 5 to search for extended diffuse X-ray emission outside the half-mass radius of the GC .	The Galactic background emission was modeled by a 2-temperature thermal component , which is typical for Galactic diffuse emission .	We detected significant diffuse excess emission above the particle background level from the whole field-of-view .
+0	Using the pre-LHC and LHC data for $ \pi p $ and $ pp $ diffractive collisions we study the ultrahigh energy asymptotic regime in the framework of the black disk picture .	The black disk picture , being constrained by the s-channel unitarity condition and the $ t $ -channel analyticity , gives rather definite predictions for diffractive processes increasing with the energy .	To deal with the data , we consider the Dakhno-Nikonov eikonal model which predicts a growth of the $ \ln^2s $ type for total and elastic cross sections and $ ( \tau= { \bf q } _\perp^2\ln^2s ) $ -scaling for diffractive scattering and diffractive dissociation of hadrons .	According to the calculations , ultrahigh energy asymptotic characteristics of diffractive and total cross sections are universal , and this results in the asymptotic equality of cross sections for all types of hadrons .	We estimate the energy scale of the asymptotics in different processes .
+4	Following a proof technique of Penrose ( 1991 ) we prove that when the density of the nodes approaches infinity then a finite component of size greater than 1 exists with probability 0 in this model .	We investigate the condition on transmission radius needed to achieve connectivity in duty-cycled wireless sensor networks ( briefly , DC-WSN ) .	First , we settle a conjecture of Das et.al .	( 2012 ) and prove that the connectivity condition on Random Geometric Graphs ( RGG ) , given by Gupta and Kumar ( 1989 ) , can be used to derive a weak sufficient condition to achieve connectivity in DC-WSN .	To find a stronger result , we define a new vertex-based random connection model which is of independent interest .
+4	We believe that , beyond the improvement of the empirical knowledge on streets network proprieties , our findings can open new perspectives in the scientific relation between city planning and complex networks , stimulating the debate on the effectiveness of the set of knowledge that statistical physics can contribute for city planning and urban morphology studies .	We compare the structural properties of the street networks of ten different European cities using their primal representation .	We investigate the properties of the geometry of the networks and a set of centrality measures highlighting differences and similarities among cases .	In particular , we found that cities share structural similarities due to their quasi planarity but that there are also several distinctive geometrical proprieties .	A Principal Component Analysis is also performed on the distributions of centralities and their respective moments , which is used to find distinctive characteristics by which we can classify cities into families .
+0	We present a novel method for the synthesis of finite state systems that is a generalisation of the generalised reactivity ( 1 ) synthesis approach by Piterman , Pnueli and Sa'ar .	In particular , we describe an efficient method to synthesize systems from linear-time temporal logic specifications for which all assumptions and guarantees have a Rabin index of one .	We show how to build a parity game with at most five colours that captures all solutions to the synthesis problem from such a specification .	This parity game has a structure that is amenable to symbolic implementations .	We furthermore show that the results obtained are in some sense tight , i.e. , that there does not exist a similar synthesis method for assumptions and specifications of higher Rabin index , unless P=NP .
+2	When $ G $ has torsion , $ A $ can be arbitrarily large for fixed $ \phi ( A ) $ due to the presence of subgroups .	Let $ A $ be a finite subset of an arbitrary additive group $ G $ , and let $ \phi ( A ) $ denote the cardinality of the largest subset $ B $ in $ A $ that is sum-avoiding in $ A $ ( that is to say , $ b_1+b_2 \not \in A $ for all distinct $ b_1 , b_2 \in B $ ) .	The question of controlling the size of $ A $ in terms of $ \phi ( A ) $ in the case when $ G $ was torsion-free was posed by Erd\H { o } s and Moser .	Nevertheless , we provide a qualitative answer to an analogue of the Erd\H { o } s-Moser problem in this setting , by establishing a structure theorem , which roughly speaking asserts that $ A $ is either efficiently covered by $ \phi ( A ) $ finite subgroups of $ G $ , or by fewer than $ \phi ( A ) $ finite subgroups of $ G $ together with a residual set of bounded cardinality .	In order to avoid a large number of nested inductive arguments , our proof uses the language of nonstandard analysis .
+1	The source was for the first time detected in the very high energy ( VHE , $ E & gt ; 100 $ GeV ) $ \gamma $ -ray band with a statistical significance of 5.9 $ \sigma $ .	The MAGIC ( Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov ) telescopes observed the BL Lac object H1722+119 ( redshift unknown ) for six consecutive nights between 2013 May 17 and 22 , for a total of 12.5 h. The observations were triggered by high activity in the optical band measured by the KVA ( Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien ) telescope .	The integral flux above 150 GeV is estimated to be $ ( 2.0\pm 0.5 ) $ per cent of the Crab Nebula flux .	We used contemporaneous high energy ( HE , 100 MeV $ & lt ; E & lt ; 100 $ GeV ) $ \gamma $ -ray observations from Fermi-LAT ( Large Area Telescope ) to estimate the redshift of the source .	Within the framework of the current extragalactic background light models , we estimate the redshift to be $ z = 0.34 \pm 0.15 $ .
+0	Incompatible observables can be approximated by compatible observables in joint measurement or measured sequentially , with constrained accuracy as implied by Heisenberg 's original formulation of the uncertainty principle .	Recently , Busch , Lahti , and Werner proposed inaccuracy trade-off relations based on statistical distances between probability distributions of measurement outcomes [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	111 , 160405 ( 2013 ) ; Phys.Rev .	A 89 , 012129 ( 2014 ) ] .	Here we reform their theoretical framework , derive an improved relation for qubit measurement , and perform an experimental test on a spin system .
+1	Here we study a random-neighbor network of excitable cellular automata coupled by dynamical synapses .	Neuronal networks can present activity described by power-law distributed avalanches presumed to be a signature of a critical state .	The model exhibits a very similar to conservative self-organized criticality ( SOC ) models behavior even with dissipative bulk dynamics .	This occurs because in the stationary regime the model is conservative on average , and , in the thermodynamic limit , the probability distribution for the global branching ratio converges to a delta-function centered at its critical value .	So , this non-conservative model pertain to the same universality class of conservative SOC models and contrasts with other dynamical synapses models that present only self-organized quasi-criticality ( SOqC ) .
+0	We present Very Large Array ( VLA ) radio interferometry observations of the 1720 MHz OH masers in the Galactic Center ( GC ) .	Most 1720 MHz OH masers arise in regions where the supernova remnant Sgr A East is interacting with the interstellar medium .	The majority of the newly found 1720 MHz OH masers are located to the northeast , independently indicating and confirming an area of shock interaction with the +50 km/s molecular cloud ( M-0.02-0.07 ) on the far side of Sgr A East .	The previously known bright masers in the southeast are suggested to be the result of the interaction between two supernova remnants , instead of between Sgr A East and the surrounding molecular clouds as generally found elsewhere in the Galaxy .	Together with masers north of the circumnuclear disk ( CND ) they outline an interaction on the near side of Sgr A East .
+2	In the latter case only a reduced point-contact conductance around zero bias has been revealed persisting well above $ T_c $ and probably related to the structural and magnetic transitions in the system .	Directional point-contact Andreev-reflection spectroscopy measurements on the Ba $ _ { 0.55 } $ K $ _ { 0.45 } $ Fe $ _2 $ As $ _2 $ single crystals are presented .	The spectra show significant differences when measured in the $ ab $ plane in comparison with those measured in the $ c $ direction of the crystal .	Within the $ ab $ plane two superconducting energy gaps are detected below $ T_c $ .	Here a reduced conductance above $ T_c $ could also be found .
+3	Employing both the Hubbard -- Ohno potential and the screened potential in one dimension , we reproduce the experimental results for the binding energy of the singlet exciton and its polarizability .	We study the elementary excitations of a model Hamiltonian for the $ \pi $ -electrons in poly-diacetylene chains .	In these materials , the bare band gap is only half the size of the observed single-particle gap and the binding energy of the exciton of 0.5 eV amounts to 20 % of the single-particle gap .	Therefore , exchange and correlations due to the long-range Coulomb interaction require a numerically exact treatment which we carry out using the density-matrix renormalization group ( DMRG ) method .	Our results indicate that there are optically dark states below the singlet exciton , in agreement with experiment .
+2	We show that , when the additional metric is a dynamical field , a perfectly safe FRW universe exists .	We study FRW homogeneous cosmological solutions in the recently found ghost free massive gravity .	In previous works it was shown that when the additional extra metric , needed to generate the mass term , is taken as non-dynamical and flat , no homogeneous FRW cosmology exists .	FRW solutions fall in two branches .	In the first branch the massive deformation is equivalent to an effectively generated cosmological constant whose scale is determined by the graviton mass .
+4	In this paper , we address this problem by an efficient search for the group of contour segments to be clustered together for a geometric correction using Dynamic Programming by essentially searching for the segmentations of two shapes that lead to the best matching between them .	Matching deformable objects using their shapes is an important problem in computer vision since shape is perhaps the most distinguishable characteristic of an object .	The problem is difficult due to many factors such as intra-class variations , local deformations , articulations , viewpoint changes and missed and extraneous contour portions due to errors in shape extraction .	While small local deformations has been handled in the literature by allowing some leeway in the matching of individual contour points via methods such as Chamfer distance and Hausdorff distance , handling more severe deformations and articulations has been done by applying local geometric corrections such as similarity or affine .	However , determining which portions of the shape should be used for the geometric corrections is very hard , although some methods have been tried .
+1	A well established example of such a model is the erased configuration model , where each node receives a number of half-edges that are connected to half-edges of other nodes at random , and then self-loops are removed and multiple edges are concatenated to make the graph simple .	Models for generating simple graphs are important in the study of real-world complex networks .	Although asymptotic results for many properties of this model , such as the limiting degree distribution , are known , the exact speed of convergence in terms of the graph sizes remains an open question .	We provide a first answer by analyzing the size dependence of the average number of removed edges in the erased configuration model .	By combining known upper bounds with a Tauberian Theorem we obtain upper bounds for the number of removed edges , in terms of the size of the graph .
+4	It follows that different $ S^3_ { \mathbf { u } } $ can span the same $ \mathbb R^4_ { \mathbf { u } } $ .	We exhibit large classes of examples of noncommutative finite-dimensional manifolds which are ( non-formal ) deformations of classical manifolds .	The main result of this paper is a complete description of noncommutative three-dimensional spherical manifolds , a noncommutative version of the sphere $ S^3 $ defined by basic K-theoretic equations .	We find a 3-parameter family of deformations $ S^3_ { \mathbf { u } } $ of the standard 3-sphere $ S^3 $ and a corresponding 3-parameter deformation of the 4-dimensional Euclidean space $ \mathbb R^4 $ .	For generic values of the deformation parameters we show that the obtained algebras of polynomials on the deformed $ \mathbb R^4_ { \mathbf { u } } $ only depend on two parameters and are isomorphic to the algebras introduced by Sklyanin in connection with the Yang-Baxter equation .
+3	For this purpose , we use time-dependent rate equations to calculate the molecular abundances in both gas phase and on solid surfaces ( onto dust grains ) .	During the evolution of diffuse clouds to molecular clouds , gas-phase molecules freeze out on surfaces of small dust particles to form ices .	On dust surfaces , water is the main constituent of the icy mantle in which a complex chemistry is taking place .	We aim to study the formation pathways and the composition of the ices throughout the evolution of diffuse clouds .	We fully consider the gas-dust interplay by including the details of freeze-out , chemical and thermal desorption , as well as the most important photo-processes on grain surfaces .
+0	At non-equilibrium phase transitions into absorbing ( trapped ) states , it is well known that the directed percolation ( DP ) critical scaling is shared by two classes of models with a single ( S ) absorbing state and with infinitely many ( IM ) absorbing states .	We study the crossover behavior in one dimension , arising from a considerable reduction of the number of absorbing states ( typically from the IM-type to the S-type DP models ) , by following two different ( excitatory or inhibitory ) routes which make the auxiliary field density abruptly jump at the crossover .	Along the excitatory route , the system becomes overly activated even for an infinitesimal perturbation and its crossover becomes discontinuous .	Along the inhibitory route , we find continuous crossover with the universal crossover exponent $ \phi\simeq 1.78 ( 6 ) $ , which is argued to be equal to $ \nu_\| $ , the relaxation time exponent of the DP universality class on a general footing .	This conjecture is also confirmed in the case of the directed Ising ( parity-conserving ) class .
+4	Recently , Bohman , Frieze and Sudakov [ Random Structures and Algorithms 2008 ] analysed the game chromatic number of random graphs and obtained lower and upper bounds of the same order of magnitude .	Suppose that two players take turns coloring the vertices of a given graph G with k colors .	In each move the current player colors a vertex such that neighboring vertices get different colors .	The first player wins this game if and only if at the end , all the vertices are colored .	The game chromatic number $ \chi_g ( G ) $ is defined as the smallest k for which the first player has a winning strategy .
+3	We have run a battery of minor mergers in which both primary and secondary are modelled as disc-bulge-halo galaxies with realistic density ratios .	Recent observations show that inner discs and rings ( IDs and IRs , henceforth ) are not preferably found in barred galaxies , a fact that points to the relevance of formation mechanisms different to the traditional bar-origin scenario .	In contrast , the role of minor mergers in the formation of these inner components ( ICs ) , while often invoked , is still poorly understood .	We have investigated the capability of minor mergers to trigger the formation of IDs and IRs in spiral galaxies through collisionless N-body simulations .	A detailed analysis of the morphology , structure , and kinematics of the ICs resulting from the minor merger has been carried out .
+1	In closed string field theory , the string field depends on all zero-modes and so can be expanded to give an infinite set of fields on the doubled torus .	The zero modes of closed strings on a torus -- the torus coordinates plus dual coordinates conjugate to winding number -- parameterize a doubled torus .	We use the string field theory to construct a theory of massless fields on the doubled torus .	Key to the consistency is a constraint on fields and gauge parameters that arises from the L_0 - \bar L_0=0 condition in closed string theory .	The symmetry of this double field theory includes usual and 'dual diffeomorphisms ' , together with a T-duality acting on fields that have explicit dependence on the torus coordinates and the dual coordinates .
+4	We find that , under most conditions , the probability of trapping magnetic flux to form a vortex is correctly given by the `` geodesic rule '' .	In the context of an Abelian gauge symmetry , spontaneously broken at a first-order transition , we discuss the evolution of the phase difference between the Higgs fields in colliding bubbles .	We show that the effect of dissipation , represented by a finite plasma conductivity , is to cause the phases to equlibrate on a time-scale , determined by the conductivity , which can be much smaller than the bubble radii at the time of collision .	Currents induced during the phase equilibration generate a magnetic flux , which is determined by the initial phase difference .	In a three-bubble collision , the fluxes produced by each pair of bubbles combine , and a vortex can be formed .
+4	We explain this behavior in terms of collective coordinates whose Hamiltonian dynamics permits to predict a whole family of stable solutions .	We investigate Bloch oscillations of interacting cold atoms in a mean-field framework .	In general , atom-atom interaction causes dephasing and destroys Bloch oscillations .	Here , we show that Bloch oscillations are persistent if the interaction is modulated harmonically with suitable frequency and phase .	For other modulations , Bloch oscillations are rapidly damped .
+0	The circumstellar environment of L2 Pup , an oxygen-rich semiregular variable , was observed to understand the evolution of mass loss and the shaping of ejecta in the late stages of stellar evolution .	High-angular resolution observations from a single 8 m telescope were obtained using aperture masking in the near-infrared ( 1.64 , 2.30 and 3.74 $ \rm\mu m $ ) on the NACO/VLT , both in imaging and polarimetric modes .	The aperture-masking images of L2 Pup at 2.30 $ \rm\mu m $ show a resolved structure that resembles a toroidal structure with a major axis of ~140 milliarcseconds ( mas ) and an east-west orientation .	Two clumps can be seen on either side of the star , ~65 mas from the star , beyond the edge of the circumstellar envelope ( estimated diameter is ~27 mas ) , while a faint , hook-like structure appear toward the northeast .	The patterns are visible both in the imaging and polarimetric mode , although the latter was only used to measure the total intensity ( Stokes I ) .
+3	This is made possible mainly by two technical innovations .	Understanding 3D object structure from a single image is an important but difficult task in computer vision , mostly due to the lack of 3D object annotations in real images .	Previous work tackles this problem by either solving an optimization task given 2D keypoint positions , or training on synthetic data with ground truth 3D information .	In this work , we propose 3D INterpreter Network ( 3D-INN ) , an end-to-end framework which sequentially estimates 2D keypoint heatmaps and 3D object structure , trained on both real 2D-annotated images and synthetic 3D data .	First , we propose a Projection Layer , which projects estimated 3D structure to 2D space , so that 3D-INN can be trained to predict 3D structural parameters supervised by 2D annotations on real images .
+4	The back to back pairs occupy very nearly two oppositely directed spatial modes , a promising feature for future quantum optics experiments .	We study atom scattering from two colliding Bose-Einstein condensates using a position sensitive , time resolved , single atom detector .	In analogy to quantum optics , the process can also be thought of as spontaneous , degenerate four wave mixing of de Broglie waves .	We find a clear correlation between atoms with opposite momenta , demonstrating pair production in the scattering process .	We also observe a Hanbury Brown and Twiss correlation for collinear momenta , which permits an independent measurement of the size of the pair production source and thus the size of the spatial mode .
+1	These are derived by comparing the suitability of different models in the context of optimal prediction .	We first introduce a class of divergence measures between power spectral density matrices .	Distances between `` infinitesimally close '' power spectra are quadratic , and hence , they induce a differential-geometric structure .	We study the corresponding Riemannian metrics and , for a particular case , provide explicit formulae for the corresponding geodesics and geodesic distances .	The close connection between the geometry of power spectra and the geometry of the Fisher-Rao metric is noted .
+4	We show that the power spectra of the metric fluctuation have non-trivial corrections on the time dependence and on the momentum dependence compared to the commutative space results .	We study the spectrum of metric fluctuation in $ \kappa $ -deformed inflationary universe .	We write the theory of scalar metric fluctuations in the $ \kappa- $ deformed Robertson-Walker space , which is represented as a non-local theory in the conventional Robertson-Walker space .	One important consequence of the deformation is that the mode generation time is naturally determined by the structure of the $ \kappa- $ deformation .	We expand the non-local action in $ H^2/\kappa^2 $ , with $ H $ being the Hubble parameter and $ \kappa $ the deformation parameter , and then compute the power spectra of scalar metric fluctuations both for the cases of exponential and power law inflations up to the first order in $ H^2/\kappa^2 $ .
+2	The local temperature function derived from it supercedes the one we previously published .	We have determined the cluster X-ray temperature function from two flux- and redshift-limited samples of clusters .	The first sample is comprised of 25 clusters with average redshift 0.05 .	Fourteen clusters with average redshift 0.38 comprise the second sample .	We perform maximum likelihood fits of cluster evolution models to these data in order to constrain cosmological parameters .
+4	In particular , when viewed as an input-output system , its linearization was found to be minimum phase .	Mean-field models are a popular tool in a variety of fields .	They provide an understanding of the impact of interactions among a large number of particles or people or other `` self-interested agents '' , and are an increasingly popular tool in distributed control .	This paper considers a particular randomized distributed control architecture introduced in our own recent work .	In numerical results it was found that the associated mean-field model had attractive properties for purposes of control .
+2	To determine whether or not these unusual features also influence Anderson localization , we study the electronic wave functions by multifractal analysis and finite-size scaling .	We consider the transport of non-interacting electrons on two- and three-dimensional random Voronoi-Delaunay lattices .	It was recently shown that these topologically disordered lattices feature strong disorder anticorrelations between the coordination numbers that qualitatively change the properties of continuous and first-order phase transitions .	We observe only localized states for all energies in the two-dimensional system .	In three dimensions , we find two Anderson transitions between localized and extended states very close to the band edges .
+1	By using the mean-field model we obtain a stability diagram for the vortex states in purely dipolar BECs as a function of harmonic trap aspect ratio ( $ \lambda $ ) and dipole-dipole interaction strength ( $ D $ ) under rotation .	We study the three-dimensional ground state vortex lattice structures of purely dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate ( BEC ) .	Rotating the condensate within the unstable region leads to collapse , while in the stable region furnishes stable vortex lattices of dipolar BECs .	We analyse stable vortex lattice structures by solving three-dimensional time dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in imaginary time .	Further , the stability of vortex states is examined by evolution in real-time .
+2	We demonstrate that Landauer 's principle holds , for such a configuration , in a form that involves the flow of heat dissipated into the environment and the rate of change of the entropy of the system .	We investigate the link between information and thermodynamics embodied by Landauer 's principle in the open dynamics of a multipartite quantum system .	Such irreversible dynamics is described in terms of a collisional model with a finite temperature reservoir .	Quite remarkably , such a principle for { \it heat and entropy power } can be explicitly linked to the rate of creation of correlations among the elements of the multipartite system and , in turn , the non-Markovian nature of their reduced evolution .	Such features are illustrated in two exemplary cases .
+0	The goal of this paper is to present a formalism that allows to handle four-fermion effective theories at finite temperature and density in curved space .	The formalism is based on the use of the effective action and zeta function regularization , supports the inclusion of inhomogeneous and anisotropic phases .	One of the key points of the method is the use of a non-perturbative ansatz for the heat-kernel that returns the effective action in partially resummed form , providing a way to go beyond the approximations based on the Ginzburg-Landau expansion for the partition function .	The effective action for the case of ultra-static Riemannian spacetimes with compact spatial section is discussed in general and a series representation , valid when the chemical potential satisfies a certain constraint , is derived .	To see the formalism at work , we consider the case of static Einstein spaces at zero chemical potential .
+0	Long-term ( up to 10000d ) monitoring has been undertaken for 41 Seyferts in the near-IR ( JHKL ) .	All but 2 showed variability , with K ampl in the range & lt ; 0.1 to & gt ; 1.1 mags .	The timescale for detectable change is from about one week to a few years .	A simple cross-correlation study shows evidence for delays of up to several hundred days between the variations seen at the shortest wavelengths and the longest in many galaxies .	In particular , the data for F9 now extend to twice the interval covered earlier and the delay between its UV and IR outputs persists .
+3	Finally , we outline how a two-dimensional square array of O ( n ) * O ( n ) cells can be used to solve ( to working accuracy ) the eigenvalue problem for a symmetric real n* n matrix in time O ( nS ( n ) ) .	We survey some results on linear-time algorithms for systolic arrays .	In particular , we show how the greatest common divisor ( GCD ) of two polynomials of degree n over a finite field can be computed in time O ( n ) on a linear systolic array of O ( n ) cells ; similarly for the GCD of two n-bit binary numbers .	We show how n * n Toeplitz systems of linear equations can be solved in time O ( n ) on a linear array of O ( n ) cells , each of which has constant memory size ( independent of n ) .	Here S ( n ) is a slowly growing function of n ; for practical purposes S ( n ) can be regarded as a constant .
+0	We present a single electron approach to analyse the magnetotransport properties of the monolayer graphene as a function of both , the gate voltage and the magnetic field ; and , also , their evolution with temperature .	The model proposed means the extension of our previous one developed for studying the quantum Hall and Shubnikov-de Haas effects of a two-dimensional electron system in a semiconductor quantum well .	Now , the study in this framework of both phenomena in graphene involves including the presence of two bands and two degeneracy valleys , ( points K and K ' in the reciprocal space ) .	Based in a single electron approximation , we show it is capable to reproduce the entire characteristics observed in the experiments for the Hall and diagonal magnetoconductivities ( and the corresponding magnetoresistivities ) , as a function of the gate voltage and the magnetic field .	In the model the observed Hall plateaux series in the monolayer graphene , determined by the expression 2 ( 2n+1 ) , arises in a natural way as a consequence of the particular quantization of the energy spectrum of graphene .
+3	We compute the two-point correlation function and charge density as a function of chemical potential in the free theory .	We present a method for simulating relativistic and nonrelativistic scalar field theories at finite density , with matter transforming in the fundamental representation of the global symmetry group O ( N ) .	The method avoids the problem of complex probability weights which is present in conventional path integral Monte Carlo algorithms .	To verify our approach , we simulate the free and interacting relativistic U ( 1 ) =O ( 2 ) theory in 2+1 dimensions .	At weak phi^4 coupling and zero temperature we map the m^2-mu phase diagram and compare our numerical results with perturbative calculations .
+2	We propose a phase diagram for NbN in temperature-disorder plane .	We report the evolution of superconducting properties with disorder , in 3-dimensional homogeneously disordered epitaxial NbN thin films .	The effective disorder in NbN is controlled from moderately clean limit down to Anderson metal-insulator transition by changing the deposition conditions .	With increasing disorder we observe that as kFl -- & gt ; 1 the superconducting transition temperature ( Tc ) and minimum conductivity ( sigma_0 ) go to zero .	The phase diagram shows that in homogeneously disordered 3-D NbN films , the metal-insulator transition and the superconductor-insulator transition occur at a single quantum critical point at kFl~1 .
+2	The correct effective theory is a gauged version of five-dimensional N=1 supergravity coupled to Abelian vector multiplets , the universal hypermultiplet and four-dimensional boundary theories with gauge and gauge matter fields .	We derive the five-dimensional effective action of strongly coupled heterotic string theory for the complete ( 1,1 ) sector of the theory by performing a reduction , on a Calabi-Yau three-fold , of M-theory on S^1/Z_2 .	A crucial ingredient for a consistent truncation is a non-zero mode of the antisymmetric tensor field strength which arises due to magnetic sources on the orbifold planes .	The gauging is such that the dual of the four-form field strength in the universal multiplet is charged under a particular linear combination of the Abelian vector fields .	In addition , the theory has potential terms for the moduli in the bulk as well as on the boundary .
+0	We consider the self-energy and the self-force for an electrically charged particle at rest in the wormhole space-time .	We develop general approach and apply it to two specific profiles of the wormhole throat with singular and with smooth curvature .	The self-force for these two profiles is found in manifest form ; it is an attractive force .	We also find an expression for the self-force in the case of arbitrary symmetric throat profile .	Far from the throat the self-force is always attractive .
+2	We define the Lyapunov function , which is analytic on an associated N-sheeted Riemann surface .	We consider the Schr\ '' odinger operator on the real line with a $ N\ts N $ matrix valued periodic potential , N & gt ; 1 .	The spectrum of this operator is absolutely continuous and consists of intervals separated by gaps .	On each sheet the Lyapunov function has the standard properties of the Lyapunov function for the scalar case .	The Lyapunov function has ( real or complex ) branch points , which we call resonances .
+0	The nuclei of active comets emit molecules anisotropically from discrete vents .	As the nucleus rotates , we expect to observe periodic variability in the molecular emission line profiles , which can be studied through mm/submm spectroscopy .	Using this technique we investigated the HCN atmosphere of comet 103P/Hartley 2 , the target of NASA 's EPOXI mission , which had an exceptionally favorable apparition in late 2010 .	We detected short-term evolution of the spectral line profile , which was stimulated by the nucleus rotation , and which provides evidence for rapid deceleration and excitation of the rotation state .	The measured rate of change in the rotation period is +1.00 \pm 0.15 min per day and the period itself is 18.32 \pm 0.03 hr , both applicable at the epoch of the EPOXI encounter .
+4	These results provide new insight into the return-volatility structure of CAPM , and demonstrate the effect of unbridled leveraging on volatility .	The principal portfolios of the standard Capital Asset Pricing Model ( CAPM ) are analyzed and found to have remarkable hedging and leveraging properties .	Principal portfolios implement a recasting of any correlated asset set of N risky securities into an equivalent but uncorrelated set when short sales are allowed .	While a determination of principal portfolios in general requires a detailed knowledge of the covariance matrix for the asset set , the rather simple structure of CAPM permits an accurate solution for any reasonably large asset set that reveals interesting universal properties .	Thus for an asset set of size N , we find a market-aligned portfolio , corresponding to the market portfolio of CAPM , as well as N-1 market-orthogonal portfolios which are market neutral and strongly leveraged .
+4	They can not be calculated from first principles and are described by models based on a fixed-order conformal expansion , which is not always sufficient in phenomenological applications .	This thesis examines the non-leptonic B-decays within QCD factorisation and beyond , to challenge the assumptions and limitations of the method .	We analyse the treatment of the distribution amplitudes of light mesons and present a new model described by simple physical parameters .	The leading twist distribution amplitudes of light mesons describe the leading non-perturbative hadronic contributions to exclusive QCD reactions at large energy transfer , for instance electromagnetic form factors .	Importantly , they also enter into the two-body B decay amplitudes described by QCD factorisation .
+4	We derive the equation of motion for the tanglemeter and , in representative examples of up to four-qubit systems , show how the known classes appear in a natural way within our framework .	We propose a general method for introducing extensive characteristics of quantum entanglement .	The method relies on polynomials of nilpotent raising operators that create entangled states acting on a reference vacuum state .	By introducing the notion of tanglemeter , the logarithm of the state vector represented in a special canonical form and expressed via polynomials of nilpotent variables , we show how this description provides a simple criterion for entanglement as well as a universal method for constructing the invariants characterizing entanglement .	We compare the existing measures and classes of entanglement with those emerging from our approach .
+1	Interferometric and single dish data are combined to obtain new maps at \wwav { 3 } { 6 } in total and polarized emission , and earlier \wav { 20 } data are re-reduced .	( Abridged ) We use new multi-wavelength radio observations , made with the VLA and Effelsberg telescopes , to study the magnetic field of the nearby galaxy M51 on scales from $ 200\pc $ to several $ \kpc $ .	We compare the spatial distribution of the radio emission with observations of the neutral gas , derive radio spectral index and Faraday depolarization maps , and model the large-scale variation in Faraday rotation in order to deduce the structure of the regular magnetic field .	We find that the \wav { 20 } emission from the disc is severely depolarized and that a dominating fraction of the observed polarized emission at \wav { 6 } must be due to anisotropic small-scale magnetic fields .	Taking this into account , we derive two components for the regular magnetic field in this galaxy : the disc is dominated by a combination of azimuthal modes , $ m=0+2 $ , but in the halo only an $ m=1 $ mode is required to fit the observations .
+0	Gen Shirane began studying ferroelectrics while he was still based in Japan in the early 1950s .	It was therefore natural that when he arrived at Brookhaven and began specialising in neutron scattering that he would devote much of his energy and expertise studying structural phase transitions .	We review the ground breaking experiments that showed the behaviour of antiferroelectrics and ferroelectrics were reasonably described in terms of the soft mode concept of structural phase transitions .	This work lead directly to Gen being awarded the Buckley prize and , jointly with John Axe , awarded the Warren prize .	We then describe his work on incommensurate phase transitions and in particular how the giant Kohn anomalies are responsible for the structural instabilities in one-dimensional metals .
+1	It is argued that spontaneous generation of magnetic field does not take place at high temperature due to nonperturbative magnetic screening .	It is well known that a tachyonic mode appears in the spectrum of Yang -- Mills theory with a static uniform magnetic field , and that the free energy has an ( unstable ) minimum at finite magnetic field .	Furthermore , the dispersion relation for gauge field fluctuations in an external magnetic field at high temperature is solved .	The lowest energy mode is stable against spontaneous generation of magnetic fields since it acquires a thermal mass .	However , the resummed free energy ( by necessity computed in the imaginary time formalism ) still shows an instability , unaffected by the resummation , since the self-energy is vanishing at static Matsubara frequency .
+3	The spectra were fit to a model including multicolor blackbody disk and power-law components .	Excellent coverage of the 1998 outburst of the X-ray Nova XTE J1550-564 was provided by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer .	XTE J1550-564 exhibited an intense ( 6.8 Crab ) flare on 1998 September 19 ( UT ) , making it the brightest new X-ray source observed with RXTE .	We present a spectral analysis utilizing 60 Proportional Counter Array spectra from 2.5-20 keV spanning 71 days , and a nearly continuous All Sky Monitor light curve .	XTE J1550-564 is observed in the very high , high/soft , and intermediate canonical outburst states of Black Hole X-ray Novae .
+2	The normalization of the spectrum of density perturbations on galaxy cluster abundance ( $ \sigma_8 = 0.52\pm 0.04 $ ) has been used to calculate numerically the value of the large scale CMB anisotropy ( $ \ell\simeq 10 $ ) and the relative contribution of cosmological gravitational waves T/S .	An analysis of cosmological models in spatially flat Friedmann Universe with cosmic gravitational wave background and zero $ \Lambda $ -term is presented .	The number of free parameters is equal to 5 , they are $ \sigma_8 $ , $ n $ , $ \Omega_\nu $ , $ \Omega_b $ , and $ h $ .	Increasing $ \Omega_\nu $ weaken the requirements to the value of T/S , however even for $ \Omega_\nu\le 0.4 $ the models with $ h+n\ge 1.5 $ suggest considerable abundance of gravitational waves : T/S $ { } ^ & gt ; _\sim 0.3 $ .	In models with $ \Omega_\nu\le 0.4 $ and scale-invariant spectrum of density perturbations ( $ n=1 $ ) : T/S $ { } ^ & gt ; _\sim 10 ( h-0.47 ) $ .
+4	Through separatrices the magnetic connectivity changes discontinuously .	Current sheets are essential for energy dissipation in the solar corona , in particular by enabling magnetic reconnection .	Unfortunately , sufficiently thin current sheets can not be resolved observationally and the theory of their formation is an unresolved issue as well .	We consider two predictors of coronal current concentrations , both based on geometrical or even topological properties of a force free coronal magnetic field .	First , there are separatrices related to magnetic nulls .
+2	Out of the 65 groups and clusters in our sample for which we have abundance profiles , 8 of them have certain central abundance drops , with possible central abundance drops in another 6 .	We present the results of a search and study of central abundance drops in a volume-limited sample ( z & lt ; =0.071 ) of 101 X-ray galaxy groups and clusters .	These are best observed in nearby , and so best resolved , groups and clusters , making our sample ideal for their detection .	All sources with central abundance drops have X-ray cavities , and all bar one exception have a central cooling time & lt ; =1 Gyr .	These central abundance drops can be generated if the iron injected by stellar mass loss processes in the core of these sources is in grains , which then become incorporated in the central dusty filaments .
+2	The valence-valence and core-valence correlation effects are accounted for in a systematic way .	Based on relativistic wavefunctions from multiconfigurational Dirac-Hartree-Fock ( MCDHF ) and configuration interaction calculations , energy levels , radiative rates , and wavelengths are evaluated for all levels of 3s $ ^2 $ 3p , 3s3p $ ^2 $ , 3s $ ^2 $ 3d , 3p $ ^3 $ , 3s3p3d , 3p $ ^2 $ 3d and 3s3d $ ^2 $ configurations of Al-like Molybdenum ion ( Mo XXX ) .	Transition probabilities are reported for E1 and M2 transitions from the ground level .	Breit interactions and quantum electrodynamics effects are estimated in subsequent relativistic configuration interaction calculations .	Comparisons are made with the available data in the literature and good agreement has been found which confirms the reliability of our results .
+3	The 1 ( 10 ) -1 ( 11 ) transition of H2D+ at 372 GHz was searched towards selected positions in the massive star forming cloud OriB9 , in the dark cloud L183 , and in the low- to intermediate mass star-forming cloud R CrA.Results .	Aims .	The purpose of this study is to examine the prediction that the deuterated H3+ ion , H2D+ , can be found exclusively in the coldest regions of molecular cloud cores .	This is also a feasibility study for the detection of the ground-state line of ortho-H2D+ at 372 GHz with APEX.Methods .	The line was detected in cold , prestellar cores in the regions of OriB9 and L183 , but only upper limits were obtained towards other locations which either have elevated temperatures or contain a newly born star .
+0	The objective of this paper is to construct a catalog providing the dust properties and the star formation efficiency ( SFE ) of the molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud ( LMC ) .	We use the infrared ( IR ) data obtained with the Spitzer telescope as part of the `` Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy 's Evolution '' ( SAGE ) Legacy survey as well as the IRAS data .	We also work with extinction ( Av ) maps of the LMC .	A total of 272 molecular clouds have been detected in the LMC in a previous molecular survey , accounting for 230 giant molecular clouds and 42 smaller clouds .	We perform correlations between the IR emission/extinction , and atomic and molecular gas tracers .
+1	Previous estimates of the energy dissipation rate of the Smagorinsky model for shear flows reflect a blow up of model energy dissipation as Re increases .	The Smagorinsky model , unmodified , is often reported to severely overdiffuse flows .	This blow up is consistent with the numerical evidence and leads to the question : Is the over dissipation due to the influence of the turbulent viscosity in boundary layers alone or is its action on small scales generated by the nonlinearity through the cascade also a contributor ?	This report develops model dissipation estimates for body force driven flow under periodic boundary conditions ( and thus only with nonlinearity generated small scales ) .	It is proven that the model 's time averaged energy dissipation rate satisfies the same upper bound as for the NSE plus one additional term that vanishes uniformly in the Reynolds number as the Smagorinsky length scale decreases .
+2	Do NLS1s have smaller black holes than ordinary Seyfert 1 galaxies ?	Recently , reliable mass estimates for the central black holes in AGN became feasible due to emission-line reverberation techniques .	Using this method as a calibrator , it is possible to determine black hole masses for a wide range of AGN , in particular NLS1s .	Are their black holes smaller compared to the sizes of their host galaxies ?	Do they have larger L/M ratios ?
+4	In the extreme , the method can consistently solve problems with hundreds of robots that occupy over 30 % of the free space .	We present a centralized algorithmic framework for solving multi-robot path planning problems in general , two-dimensional , continuous environments while minimizing globally the task completion time .	The framework obtains high levels of effectiveness through the composition of an optimal discretization of the continuous environment and the subsequent fast , near-optimal resolution of the resulting discrete planning problem .	This principled approach achieves orders of magnitudes better performance with respect to both speed and the supported robot density .	For a wide variety of environments , our method is shown to compute globally near-optimal solutions for fifty robots in seconds with robots packed close to each other .
+0	We present a mean-field theoretical study on the effect of a single non-magnetic impurity in quasi-one dimensional unconventional density wave .	The local scattering potential is treated within the self-consistent $ T $ -matrix approximation .	The local density of states around the impurity shows the presence of resonant states in the vicinity of the Fermi level , much the same way as in $ d $ -density waves or unconventional superconductors .	The assumption for different forward and backscattering , characteristic to quasi-one dimensional systems in general , leads to a resonance state that is double peaked in the pseudogap .	The Friedel oscillations around the impurity are also explored in great detail , both within and beyond the density wave coherence length $ \xi_0 $ .
+0	Recent positron flux fraction measurements in cosmic-rays ( CR ) made by the AMS-02 satellite confirm and extends the evidence on the existence of a new ( yet unknown ) source of high energy positrons .	To explain this excess , we use the gravitino of bilinear R-parity violating SUSY models as a decaying Dark Matter candidate , as the source of those high energy particles .	Being a long lived weak-interacting and spin 3/2 particle , it offers several particularities which makes it an attractive candidate .	We compute the electron , positron and $ \gamma $ -ray\ fluxes produced by each gravitino decay channel at the Earth .	Combining the flux from the different decay modes we can fit AMS-02 measurements of the positron fraction , as well as the electron and positron fluxes , with a gravitino mass in the range $ 1-2 $ TeV and lifetimes of $ \sim 1.0-0.8\times 10^ { 26 } $ s. .
+2	We choose a prior spectral density to represent a priori information , and the spectrum closest to it in a given quasi-distance is determined .	When methods of moments are used for identification of power spectral densities , a model is matched to estimated second order statistics such as , e.g. , covariance estimates .	If the estimates are good there is an infinite family of power spectra consistent with such an estimate and in applications , such as identification , we want to single out the most representative spectrum .	However , if the estimates are based on few data , or the model class considered is not consistent with the process considered , it may be necessary to use an approximative covariance interpolation .	Two different types of regularizations are considered in this paper that can be applied on many covariance interpolation based estimation methods .
+4	The tightest correlation of L_FIR and L_CO for published low redshift ULIRG samples ( z & lt ; 0.2 ) is obtained after normalisation of both these measures to a fixed dust temperature .	We report on the results of observations in the CO ( 1-0 ) transition of a complete sample of Southern , intermediate redshift ( z = 0.2 - 0.5 ) Ultra-Luminous Infra-Red Galaxies using the Mopra 22m telescope .	The eleven ULIRGs with L_FIR & gt ; 10^12.5 L_Sun south of Dec = -12 deg were observed with integration times that varied between 5 and 24 hours .	Four marginal detections were obtained for individual targets in the sample .	The `` stacked '' spectrum of the entire sample yields a high significance , 10 { \sigma } detection of the CO ( 1-0 ) transition at an average redshift of z = 0.38 .
+1	Poisson reductions with respect to two Poisson group actions on $ \cW $ are described .	A family of Poisson structures , parametrised by an arbitrary odd periodic function $ \phi $ , is defined on the space $ \cW $ of twisted polygons in $ \RR^\nu $ .	The $ \nu=2 $ and $ \nu=3 $ cases are discussed in detail and the general $ \nu $ case in less detail .	Amongst the Poisson structures arising in examples are to be found the lattice Virasoro structure , the second Toda lattice structure and some extended Toda lattice structures .	A general result is proved showing that , for any $ \nu $ , to certain concrete choices of $ \phi $ there correspond compatible Poisson structures which generate all the extended bigraded Toda hierarchies of a suitable size .
+3	On the other hand , the counter-example shows that when the bi-partite entanglement of the eigenmodes stems from interactions that do not open a gap , the correlations at asymptotically long times are non-thermal .	It is analytically shown that the asymptotic correlations in exactly solvable models following a quantum quench can behave essentially as thermal correlations provided the entanglement between two eigenmodes is sufficiently strong .	We provide one example and one counter example of this observation .	The example illustrates the fact that the thermal correlations arise from initial states where the entanglement between the eigenmodes stems from the existence of a large energy gap in the initial state .	We also show that the thermal behavior concerns only the asymptotic correlation functions , as the difference with an actual thermal ensemble can be observed measuring the energy fluctuations of the system .
+1	Computer security is defined as the protection of computing systems against threats to confidentiality , integrity , and availability .	Security of computers and the networks that connect them is increasingly becoming of great significance .	There are two types of intruders : the external intruders who are unauthorized users of the machines they attack , and internal intruders , who have permission to access the system with some restrictions .	Due to the fact that it is more and more improbable to a system administrator to recognize and manually intervene to stop an attack , there is an increasing recognition that ID systems should have a lot to earn on following its basic principles on the behavior of complex natural systems , namely in what refers to self-organization , allowing for a real distributed and collective perception of this phenomena .	With that aim in mind , the present work presents a self-organized ant colony based intrusion detection system ( ANTIDS ) to detect intrusions in a network infrastructure .
+0	Modak and Singleton [ Phys.Rev .	D 86 , 123515 ( 2012 ) ] have presented Hawking-like radiation for cosmological inflation which has a natural `` turn on '' and a natural `` turn off '' mechanism .	This Hawking-like radiation results in an effective negative pressure `` fluid '' which leads to a rapid period of expansion in the very early Universe .	We discuss that the turn on mechanism can not happen for FRW model in early universe because its horizon is apparent horizon not event horizon .	Hence , we can not apply geometric optic approximation which is a necessary condition for tunneling method .
+3	During outbursts , the accretion rate and disk luminosity increases by several orders of magnitude .	We describe a model for the long term evolution of a circumplanetary disk that is fed mass from a circumstellar disk and contains regions of low turbulence ( dead zones ) .	We show that such disks can be subject to accretion driven outbursts , analogous to outbursts previously modeled in the context of circumstellar disks to explain FU Ori phenomena .	Circumplanetary disks around a proto-Jupiter can undergo outbursts for infall accretion rates onto the disks in the range ~10^ { -9 } to 10^ { -7 } M_sun/yr , typical of accretion rates in the T Tauri phase .	Most of the planet mass growth during planetary gas accretion may occur via disk outbursts involving gas that is considerably hotter than predicted by steady state models .
+3	We have studied parameter estimation for signal models using both a set of physical source parameters , and a set of waveform parameters that remove a degeneracy .	We investigate a method to incorporate signal models that allow an additional frequency harmonic in searches for gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars .	We assume emission is given by the general triaxial non-aligned model of Jones , whose waveform under certain conditions reduces to that of a biaxial precessing star , or a simple rigidly rotating triaxial aligned star .	The triaxial non-aligned and biaxial models can produce emission at both the star 's rotation frequency ( $ f $ ) and $ 2f $ , whilst the latter only emits at $ 2f $ .	We have assessed the signal detection efficiency , and used Bayesian model selection to investigate how well we can distinguish between the three models .
+0	A possible way to extract information about the reversible dissociation of a molecular adhesion bond from force fluctuations observed in force ramp experiments is discussed .	For small loading rates the system undergoes a limited number of unbinding and rebinding transitions observable in the so-called force versus extension ( FE ) curves .	The statistics of these transient fluctuations can be utilized to estimate the parameters for the rebinding rate .	This is relevant in the experimentally important situation where the direct observation of the reversed FE-curves is hampered , e.g.due to the presence of soft linkers .	I generalize the stochastic theory of the kinetics in two-state models to the case of time-dependent kinetic rates and compute the relevant distributions of characteristic forces .
+3	More specifically , two equations are derived to approximate the periastron time rate of change and its total variation over one revolution ( i.e. , the difference between the anomalistic period and the Keplerian period ) .	In the weak field and slow motion approximation , the general relativistic field equations are linearized , resembling those of the electromagnetic theory .	In a way analogous to that of a moving charge generating a magnetic field , a mass energy current can produce a gravitomagnetic field .	In this contribution , the motion of a secondary celestial body is studied under the influence of the gravitomagnetic force generated by a spherical primary .	Kinematically , this influence results to an apsidal motion .
+2	Here , we explore star formation towards the south of the complex , Region D , based on data from the spatially complete 2 Micron All Sky Survey .	The Rosette Molecular Complex contains embedded clusters with diverse properties and origins .	We have previously explored the shell mode of formation in the north ( Regions A & amp ; B ) and the massive concentrations in the ridge ( Region C ) .	We find that stars are forming prolifically throughout this region in a highly structured mode with both clusters and loose aggregates detected .	The most prominent cluster ( Region D1 ) lies in the north-center .
+0	An amphiphilic nature of the surfactant-like peptides is responsible for their propensity to aggregate at the nanoscale .	These peptides can be readily used for a non-covalent functionalization of nanoparticles and macromolecules .	This work reports an observation of supramolecular ensembles consisting of ultrashort carbon nanotubes ( USCNTs ) , graphene ( GR ) and A9K polypeptide formed by lysine and arginine .	Potential of mean force ( PMF ) is used as a major descriptor of the CNT-A9K and GR-A9K binding process , supplementing structural data .	The phase space sampling is performed by multiple equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations with position restraints , where applicable .
+0	Intermediate Scattering Functions ( ISF 's ) are measured for colloidal hard sphere systems using both Dynamic Light Scattering ( DLS ) and X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ( XPCS ) .	We compare the techniques , and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each .	Both techniques agree in the overlapping range of scattering vectors .	We investigate the scaling behaviour found by Segre and Pusey [ 1 ] but challenged by Lurio et al . [ 2 ] .	We observe a scaling behaviour over several decades in time but not in the long time regime .
+3	The long distance ( resonance ) contributions to these exclusive rare B-decay modes dominate the short distance contributions mostly by two orders of magnitude .	Short and long distance contributions to the exclusive B-decays into various K-resonances and dileptons , i.e.B -- & gt ; Ki l l ( l = e , mu , nu ) , are examined .	The heavy quark effective theory has been used to calculate the hadronic matrix elements .	Substantial branching fractions are obtained for the dileptonic B-decays into some higher excited states of K-mesons .	It is pointed out that , excluding the resonance contributions , the P-wave channels are dominant , accounting for about 50 % of the inclusive B -- & gt ; X_s l l branching fraction .
+0	The measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations ( BAO ) from a galaxy redshift survey provides one of the most promising methods for probing dark energy .	In this paper , we clarify the assumptions that go into the forecasts of dark energy constraints from BAO .	We show that assuming a constant nP_ { 0.2 } /G^2 ( z ) ( where P_ { 0.2 } is the real space galaxy power spectrum at k=0.2h/Mpc and redshift z ) gives a good approximation of the observed galaxy number density expected from a realistic flux-limited galaxy redshift survey .	We find that assuming nP_ { 0.2 } /G^2 ( z ) =10 gives very similar dark energy constraints to assuming nP_ { 0.2 } =3 , but the latter corresponds to a galaxy number density larger by ~70 % at z=2 .	We show how the Figure-of-Merit ( FoM ) for constraining dark energy depends on the assumed galaxy number density , redshift accuracy , redshift range , survey area , and the systematic errors due to calibration and uncertainties in the theory of nonlinear evolution and galaxy biasing .
+3	Similar optimal conditions are derived in case where the system is posed in a ball of $ \mathbb { R } ^N $ .	We are concerned with the classification of positive radial solutions for the system $ \Delta u=v^p $ , $ \Delta v=f ( |\nabla u| ) $ , where $ p & gt ; 0 $ and $ f\in C^1 [ 0 , \infty ) $ is a nondecreasing function such that $ f ( t ) & gt ; 0 $ for all $ t & gt ; 0 $ .	We show that in the case where the system is posed in the whole space $ \mathbb { R } ^N $ such solutions exist if and only if $ \displaystyle\int_ { 1 } ^\infty \Big ( \displaystyle \int_0^s F ( t ) dt \Big ) ^ { -p/ ( 2p+1 ) } ds =\infty $ .	This is the counterpart of the Keller-Osserman condition for the case of single semilinear equation .	If $ f ( t ) =t^q $ , $ q & gt ; 1 $ , using dynamical system techniques we are able to describe the behaviour of solutions at infinity ( in case where the system is posed in the whole $ \mathbb { R } ^N $ ) or around the boundary ( in case of a ball ) .
+4	In that case , while the enhancement is a general phenomenon , its actual magnitude is extremely sensitive to the fractional flux carried by the string core .	The scattering of a charged fermion from an electroweak string is studied .	Owing to an amplification of the wave function at the core radius , the cross sections for helicity flip processes can be largely enhanced .	For $ 0 & lt ; \sin^2 \theta_w & lt ; 1/2 $ ( where $ \theta_w $ is the Weinberg angle ) , $ \omega \sim k \sim m_e $ and $ kR \ll 1 $ , we show that the helicity flip differential cross section for electrons is of the order $ m_e^ { -1 } $ and is independent of angle .	We compare our results with those obtained in calculations of rates for baryon number violating processes in the core of a cosmic string .
+1	Though the computation of Kerr parameters is often done within DFT , starting from the conductivity or the dielectric tensor , there is no formal justification to this choice .	We propose a first-principles scheme for the description of the magneto-optical kerr effect within density functional theory ( DFT ) .	As a first steps , using as reference materials iron , cobalt and nickel we show that pseudo-potential based calculations give accurate predictions .	Then we derive a formal expression for the full dielectric tensor in terms of the density-density correlation function .	The derived equation is exact in systems with an electronic gap , with the possible exception of Chern insulators , and whenever the time reversal symmetry holds and can be used as a starting point for the inclusion of local fields and excitonic effects within time-dependent DFT for such systems .
+1	The first group of results presented concern asymptotically flat spacetimes , both stationary and dynamical .	Recent results on solutions of the Einstein equations with matter are surveyed and a number of open questions are stated .	Then there is a discussion of solutions of the equations describing matter in special relativity and Newtonian gravitational theory and their relevance for general relativity .	Next spatially compact solutions of the Einstein-matter equations are presented .	Finally some remarks are made on the methods which have been used , and could be used in the future , to study solutions of the Einstein equations with matter .
+4	Since these experiments are more costly and error prone , the computational predictions serve as a filter , aimed to produce a small number of highly promising candidates .	Predicting protein interactions is one of the more interesting challenges of the post-genomic era .	Many algorithms address this problem as a binary classification problem : given two proteins represented as two vectors of features , predict if they interact or not .	Importantly however , computational predictions are only one component of a larger framework for identifying PPI .	The most promising candidate pairs can be validated experimentally by testing if they physical bind to each other .
+1	It will be a great challenge for most telescopes to search such large sky regions for their counterpart signals in the electromagnetic spectrum .	Estimates of the source sky location for the first detected gravitational wave signals will likely be poor , typically spanning areas of hundreds of square degrees or more .	To boost the chance of successfully observing such counterparts , we have developed an algorithm which maximises the detection probability by optimising the number of observing fields , and the time allocation for those fields .	As a proof-of-concept demonstration , we use the algorithm to optimise the follow-up observations of the Subaru telescope for two simulated gravitational wave events , each spanning an area of about $ 300~\mathrm { deg^2 } $ .	Assuming a source at about $ 200~\mathrm { Mpc } $ , we demonstrate that the Subaru telescope should observe about $ 150 $ fields over a $ \mathrm { 6-hour } $ observing period to obtain a maximum detection probability about $ 70\ % $ .
+3	This is a natural non-abelian generalization of Sen 's mechanism of tachyon condensation on a single non-BPS Dp-brane yielding a single BPS brane of codimesion one .	Starting from the action of two coincident non-BPS D9-branes , we investigate kink configurations of the U ( 2 ) matrix tachyon field .	We consider both Str and Tr prescriptions for the trace over gauge indices of the non-BPS action .	Non-abelian tachyon condensation in the theory with Tr prescription , and the resulting fluctuations about the kink profile , are shown to give rise to a theory of two coincident BPS D8-branes .	By contrast , starting with the Str gauge trace prescription of the coincident non-BPS D9-brane action , such a generalization of Sen 's mechanism appears problematic .
+0	Integrability conditions for systems of bosons or fermions with seniority conserving hamiltonians are derived .	The conditions are shown to be invariant under a large class of transformations of the interaction matrix elements .	Previously published integrable models are shown to satisfy these conditions and the existence of a new class of integrable models is demonstrated .	The number of free parameters in the interaction in these models equals the number of single particle levels plus 3 .	Equations for the energy eigenstates and eigenvalues are derived and the eigenvalues of the complete set of two-body integrals of the motion are given for the new class .
+3	After discussing cocycle prop- erty , stationary orbits and random attractors , a synchronization phe- nomenon is shown to occur , when the drift terms of the coupled system satisfy certain dissipativity and integrability conditions .	Dynamical systems driven by Gaussian noises have been considered extensively in modeling , simulation and theory .	However , complex systems in engineering and science are often subject to non-Gaussian fluctuations or uncertainties .	A coupled dynamical system under non- Gaussian Levy noises is considered .	The synchro- nization result implies that coupled dynamical systems share a dy- namical feature in some asymptotic sense .
+4	It is an open question whether this holds true for arbitrary threefolds .	Let $ X $ be a smooth projective variety over a finite field $ \F $ .	We discuss the unramified cohomology group $ H^3_\nr ( X , \Q/\Z ( 2 ) ) $ .	Several conjectures put together imply that this group is finite .	For certain classes of threefolds , $ H^3_\nr ( X , \Q/\Z ( 2 ) ) $ actually vanishes .
+3	The popular methods whereby admittance or coherence , both spectral measures of the relation between gravity and topography , are inverted for the flexural rigidity , have revealed themselves to have insufficient power to independently constrain both it and the additional unknown initial-loading fraction and load-correlation fac- tors , respectively .	Topography and gravity are geophysical fields whose joint statistical structure derives from interface-loading processes modulated by the underlying mechanics of isostatic and flexural compensation in the shallow lithosphere .	Under this dual statistical-mechanistic viewpoint an estimation problem can be formulated where the knowns are topography and gravity and the principal unknown the elastic flexural rigidity of the lithosphere .	In the guise of an equivalent `` effective elastic thickness '' , this important , geographically varying , structural parameter has been the subject of many interpretative studies , but precisely how well it is known or how best it can be found from the data , abundant nonetheless , has remained contentious and unresolved throughout the last few decades of dedicated study .	Solving this extremely ill-posed inversion problem leads to non-uniqueness and is further complicated by practical considerations such as the choice of regularizing data tapers to render the analysis sufficiently selective both in the spatial and spectral domains .
+3	The halo white dwarf contribution can not exceed 5 % ( 95 % C.L . )	We are conducting a 377-square-degree proper motion survey in the ~V and I bands in order to determine the cool white dwarf contribution to the Galactic dark matter .	Using the 250 square degrees for which we possess three epochs , and applying selection criteria designed to isolate halo-type objects , we find no candidates in a 5500 pc^3 effective volume for old , fast M_V=17 white dwarfs .	We check the detection efficiency by cross-matching our catalogue with Luyten 's NLTT catalogue .	for objects with M_V=17 and 1 & lt ; V-I & lt ; 1.5 .
+3	The emergence of the pseudoscalar field of the latter multiplet and the emergence of the 4D R-symmetry group are subtle features of the reduction .	A systematic off-shell reduction scheme from five to four space-time dimensions is presented for supergravity theories with eight supercharges .	It is applicable to theories with higher-derivative couplings and it is used to address a number of open questions regarding BPS black holes in five dimensions .	Under this reduction the 5D Weyl multiplet becomes reducible and decomposes into the 4D Weyl multiplet and an extra Kaluza-Klein vector multiplet .	The reduction scheme enables to determine how a 5D supersymmetric Lagrangian with higher-derivative couplings decomposes upon dimensional reduction into a variety of independent 4D supersymmetric invariants , without the need for imposing field equations .
+2	The complete set of the model independent skeleton diagrams for the $ { \gamma } p\to\gamma'\pi'N ' $ reaction is presented .	The cross-sections of the $ \gamma p-\gamma ' N ' $ , $ \gamma p-\pi ' N ' $ and $ \gamma p-\gamma'\pi ' N ' $ reactions are calculated in the framework of the field-theoretical one-particle ( $ \pi , \omega , \rho $ -mesons , nucleon and $ \Delta $ -resonance ) exchange model .	Unlike the other relativistic approaches , our resulting amplitudes of the $ \gamma p $ multichannel reactions require one-variable covariant vertex functions as input ingredient and every diagram of these amplitudes satisfies the current conservation condition in the Coulomb gauge .	The separable model of the $ \pi N $ interaction is generalized to construct the spin 3/2 particle propagator of the $ \Delta $ -resonance .	This procedure allows to obtain the $ \pi N-\Delta $ form factor and $ \Delta $ propagator directly from the $ \pi N $ $ P_ { 33 } $ phase shifts .
+4	In this setting , the notion of productivity can be used to provide an account of computations with infinite data structures , as it `` captures the idea of computability , of progress of infinite-list programs '' ( B.A .	Termination of programs , i.e. , the absence of infinite computations , ensures the existence of normal forms for all initial expressions , thus providing an essential ingredient for the definition of a normalization semantics for functional programs .	In lazy functional languages , though , infinite data structures are often delivered as the outcome of computations .	For instance , the list of all prime numbers can be returned as a neverending stream of numerical expressions or data structures .	If such streams are allowed , requiring termination is hopeless .
+4	Domain dynamics and fluctuations are determined by interaction strengths , which are controlled by inter-element spacing .	The thermally-driven formation and evolution of vertex domains is studied for square artificial spin ice .	A self consistent mean field theory is used to show how domains of ground state ordering form spontaneously , and how these evolve in the presence of disorder .	The role of fluctuations is studied , using Monte Carlo simulations and analytical modelling .	Domain wall dynamics are shown to be driven by a biasing of random fluctuations towards processes that shrink closed domains , and fluctuations within domains are shown to generate isolated small excitations , which may stabilise as the effective temperature is lowered .
+0	We introduce a Hopf algebroid associated to a proper Lie group action on a smooth manifold .	We prove that the cyclic cohomology of this Hopf algebroid is equal to the de Rham cohomology of invariant differential forms .	When the action is cocompact , we develop a generalized Hodge theory for the de Rham cohomology of invariant differential forms .	We prove that every cyclic cohomology class of the Hopf algebroid is represented by a generalized harmonic form .	This implies that the space of cyclic cohomology of the Hopf algebroid is finite dimensional .
+3	The efficiency is confirmed by both of theoretical analysis and numerical experiments .	A Sinc-collocation method has been proposed by Stenger , and he also gave theoretical analysis of the method in the case of a `scalar ' equation .	This paper extends the theoretical results to the case of a `system ' of equations .	Furthermore , this paper proposes more efficient method by replacing the variable transformation employed in Stenger 's method .	In addition to the existing and newly-proposed Sinc-collocation methods , this paper also gives similar theoretical results for Sinc-Nystr\ '' { o } m methods proposed by Nurmuhammad et al .
+4	If more than four pulsars are available , the redundancy can improve the accuracy of the determination and/or resolve degeneracies resulting from special geometrical arrangements of the sources and the event .	A relativistic deep space positioning system has been proposed using four or more pulsars with stable repetition rates .	( Each pulsar emits pulses at a fixed repetition period in its rest frame . )	The positioning system uses the fact that an event in spacetime can be fully described by emission coordinates : the proper emission time of each pulse measured at the event .	The proper emission time of each pulse from four different pulsars -- -interpolated as necessary -- -provides the four spacetime coordinates of the reception event in the emission coordinate system .
+4	Because of this complex composition , evaluation of transboundary SOA was unsuccessful in this case study .	To understand the influence of transboundary secondary organic aerosol ( SOA ) in the urban air of Fukuoka , we conducted simultaneous field studies in December 2010 and March 2012 on Fukue Island and in the city of Fukuoka , representing a rural and an urban sites of western Japan .	During the studies , organic aerosol in PM1.0 was analyzed by aerosol mass spectrometers .	Independently , airborne total suspended particulate matter ( TSP ) was collected on filters , and low-volatile water soluble organic carbon ( LV-WSOC ) extracted from the TSP samples was analyzed by an elemental analyzer coupled with a high precision isotope ratio mass spectrometer for its concentration and stable carbon isotope ratio ( d13C ) .	Plots of LV-WSOC concentrations versus m/z 44 concentrations for the study in December 2010 showed high correlations ( r2 & gt ; 0.85 ) , but different slopes between the two sites ( 0.58 microg microgC-1 at Fukuoka and 0.22 microg microgC-1 at Fukue ) , indicating additional contribution of m/z 44 from local sources .
+0	We consider , in general terms , the early thermal evolution of an isolated neutron star , i.e. , during the first $ 10^5 $ years after the supernova explosion when the cooling is driven by neutrino emission from the core .	It is shown that , if fast neutrino emission is occuring , the surface temperature is actually determined by the critical temperature $ T_c $ at which the core baryons become superfluid , and almost nothing else .	In particular , the dependence on the actual neutrino emission process is very weak .	In other terms , fast neutrino cooling neutron stars are thermometers for the highest $ T_c $ superfluid ( superconductor ) in the Universe .	The observational data are briefly presented .
+1	Oftentimes , a system can only satisfy its guarantees if certain environment assumptions hold , which motivates their inclusion in the system specification .	A modern approach to engineering correct-by-construction systems is to synthesize them automatically from formal specifications .	Experience with modern synthesis approaches shows that synthesized systems tend to satisfy their specifications by actively working towards the violation of the assumptions rather than satisfying assumptions and guarantees together .	Such uncooperative behavior is undesirable because it violates the aim of synthesis : the system should try to satisfy its guarantees and use the assumptions only when needed .	Also , the assumptions often describe the valid behavior of other components in a bigger system , which should not be obstructed unnecessarily .
+1	Stress collapse occurs in a series of individual events ( avalanches ) , and each avalanche leads to a jerk in sample compression with corresponding acoustic emission ( AE ) signals .	Acoustic emission has been measured and statistical characteristics have been analyzed during the stress-induced collapse of porous berlinite , AlPO4 , containing up to 50 vol % porosity .	The distribution of AE avalanche energies can be approximately described by a power law over a large stress interval .	We observed several collapse mechanisms whereby less porous minerals show the superposition of independent jerks , which were not related to the major collapse at the failure stress .	In highly porous berlinite ( 40 % and 50 % ) an increase of the energy emission occurred near the failure point .
+3	On lattices for which the exact percolation threshold is unknown , the polynomials provide approximations for the critical probability with the estimates appearing to converge to the exact answer with increasing subgraph size .	Every lattice for which the bond percolation critical probability can be found exactly possesses a critical polynomial , with the root in [ 0,1 ] providing the threshold .	Recent work has demonstrated that this polynomial may be generalized through a definition that can be applied on any periodic lattice .	The polynomial depends on the lattice and on its decomposition into identical finite subgraphs , but once these are specified , the polynomial is essentially unique .	In this paper , I show how this generalized critical polynomial can be viewed as a graph invariant , similar to the Tutte polynomial .
+2	We explore the possible origins of these two emission components in the framework of a young , non-accreting pulsar orbiting the massive star , and initiating the non-thermal emission through the interaction of the stellar and pulsar winds .	The high and very-high energy spectrum of gamma-ray binaries has become a challenge for all theoretical explanations since the detection of powerful , persistent GeV emission from LS 5039 and LS I +61 303 by Fermi/LAT .	The spectral cutoff at a few GeV indicates that the GeV component and the fainter , hard TeV emission above 100 GeV are not directly related .	The pulsar/stellar wind interaction in a compact orbit binary gives rise to two potential locations for particle acceleration : the shocks at the head-on collision of the winds and the termination shock caused by Coriolis forces on scales larger than the binary separation .	We explore the suitability of these two locations to host the GeV and TeV emitters , respectively , through the study of their non-thermal emission along the orbit .
+2	Such radiation forces counteract gravitational ones and , if not taken into account , BH masses can be severely underestimated .	The application of the virial theorem provides a tool to estimate supermassive black hole ( BH ) masses in large samples of active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) with broad emission lines at all redshifts and luminosities , if the broad line region ( BLR ) is gravitationally bound .	In this paper we discuss the importance of radiation forces on BLR clouds arising from the deposition of momentum by ionizing photons .	We provide virial relations corrected for the effect of radiation pressure and we discuss their physical meaning and application .	If these corrections to virial masses , calibrated with low luminosity objects , are extrapolated to high luminosities then the BLRs of most quasars might be gravitationally unbound .
+3	In the present paper , we study this electromagnetic Christodoulou memory effect and compute it for binary neutron star mergers .	Gravitational waves are predicted by the general theory of relativity .	In [ 6 ] D. Christodoulou showed that gravitational waves have a nonlinear memory .	We proved in [ 3 ] that the electromagnetic field contributes at highest order to the nonlinear memory effect of gravitational waves .	These are typical sources of gravitational radiation .
+4	In particular , these examples show that spectral types are not at all stable under rough isometries .	We study operators on rooted graphs with a certain spherical homogeneity .	These graphs are called path commuting and allow for a decomposition of the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian into a direct sum of Jacobi matrices which reflect the structure of the graph .	Thus , the spectral properties of the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian can be analyzed by means of the elaborated theory of Jacobi matrices .	For some examples which include antitrees , we derive the decomposition explicitly and present a zoo of spectral behavior induced by the geometry of the graph .
+3	Given a string , the problem then is to identify the substrings that differs the most from the expected or normal behavior , i.e. , the substrings that are statistically significant .	Given the vast reservoirs of data stored worldwide , efficient mining of data from a large information store has emerged as a great challenge .	Many databases like that of intrusion detection systems , web-click records , player statistics , texts , proteins etc. , store strings or sequences .	Searching for an unusual pattern within such long strings of data has emerged as a requirement for diverse applications .	In other words , these substrings are less likely to occur due to chance alone and may point to some interesting information or phenomenon that warrants further exploration .
+3	In particular we model an accretion disk at $ kT_ { in } \sim 10 $ eV and a { \it soft excess } at $ kT_ { se } \sim 150 $ eV .	The radiation from the central regions of active galactic nuclei , including that from the accretion disk surrounding the black hole , is likely to peak in the extreme ultraviolet $ \sim 13 -100 $ eV .	However , due to Galactic absorption , we are limited to constrain the physical properties , i.e.the black hole mass and the accretion rate , from what observations we have below $ \sim 10 $ eV or above $ \sim 100 $ eV .	In this paper we predict the thermal and ionization states of warm absorbers as a function of the shape of the unobservable continuum .	The warm absorber , which is the highly ionized gas along the line of sight to the continuum , shows signatures in the $ \sim 0.3 - 2 $ keV energy range consisting of numerous absorption lines and edges of various ions , some of the prominent ones being H- and He-like oxygen , neon , magnesium and silicon .
+3	Oceanic and astrophysical mixing and diffusion are dominated by fossil turbulence and fossil turbulent waves .	Turbulence is defined as an eddy-like state of fluid motion where the inertial-vortex forces of the eddies are larger than all the other forces that tend to damp the eddies out .	Fossil turbulence is a perturbation produced by turbulence that persists after the fluid ceases to be turbulent at the scale of the perturbation .	Because vorticity is produced at small scales , turbulence must cascade from small scales to large , providing a consistent physical basis for Kolmogorovian universal similarity laws .	Observations from space telescopes show turbulence and vorticity existed in the beginning of the universe and that their fossils persist .
+1	The power spectrum is proportional to 1/f where f is the frequency .	Power spectral analyses of the dipole moment of the earth 's magnetic field inferred from ocean sediment cores and archeomagnetic data from time scales of 100 yr to 4 Myr have been carried out .	These analyses compliment previous work which has established a 1/f^2 spectrum for variations at time scales less than 100 yr. Power spectral analyses of inclination and declination inferred from lake sediments from time scales of 10 yr to 30 kyr have also been performed .	The spectra are constant above time scales of 3 kyr , proportional to 1/f^2 from time scales of 500 yr to 3 kyr , and constant again below time scales of 500 yr .	The 3 kyr time scale is associated with the decay time of the quadrupole moment .
+2	Many researchers are examining ensemble methods that combine the output of successful , separately developed modules to create more accurate solutions .	Existing statistical approaches to natural language problems are very coarse approximations to the true complexity of language processing .	As such , no single technique will be best for all problem instances .	This paper examines three merging rules for combining probability distributions : the well known mixture rule , the logarithmic rule , and a novel product rule .	These rules were applied with state-of-the-art results to two problems commonly used to assess human mastery of lexical semantics -- synonym questions and analogy questions .
+4	However , in many real-world applications , such as spam prediction , the best target function may drift over time , or have shifts from time to time .	Recently there has been much work on selective sampling , an online active learning setting , in which algorithms work in rounds .	On each round an algorithm receives an input and makes a prediction .	Then , it can decide whether to query a label , and if so to update its model , otherwise the input is discarded .	Most of this work is focused on the stationary case , where it is assumed that there is a fixed target model , and the performance of the algorithm is compared to a fixed model .
+3	Building upon the experience gained at GEPI with FLAMES-Giraffe and X-Shooter , we are investigating the feasibility of a high multiplex spectrograph ( about 500 fibres ) over a field of view 1 degree in diameter .	We have chosen the name of GYES , one of the mythological giants with one hundred arms , offspring of Gaia and Uranus , for our instrument study of a multifibre spectrograph for the prime focus of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope .	Such an instrument could provide an excellent ground-based complement for the Gaia mission and a northern complement to the HERMES project on the AAT .	The CFHT is well known for providing a stable prime focus environment , with a large field of view , which has hosted several imaging instruments , but has never hosted a multifibre spectrograph .	We are investigating an instrument with resolution in the range 15000 to 30000 , which should provide accurate chemical abundances for stars down to 16th magnitude and radial velocities , accurate to 1 km/s for fainter stars .
+3	If the dissipation is determined by a simple isotropic viscosity then we find , in line with previous studies , that the alignment timescale is of order the viscous evolution timescale .	We consider the dynamics of a protostellar disc in a binary system where the disc is misaligned with the orbital plane of the binary , with the aim of determining the observational consequences for such systems .	The disc wobbles with a period approximately equal to half the binary 's orbital period and precesses on a longer timescale .	We determine the characteristic timescale for realignment of the disc with the orbital plane due to dissipation .	However , for typical protostellar disc parameters , if the disc tilt exceeds the opening angle of the disc , then tidally induced shearing within the disc is transonic .
+4	The decomposition energy is lower than 0.1 eV for 0 & lt ; x & lt ; 0.5 , but is distinctly higher for 0.5 & lt ; x & lt ; 1 .	LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 , which has a spinel framework structure , is a promising candidate for the cathode material of next-generation lithium-ion batteries with high energy density .	We investigate the structural transition in LixNi0.5Mn1.5O4 ( 0 & lt ; = x & lt ; = 1 ) through first-principles calculations using the projector augmented wave method with the generalized gradient approximation .	We calculate all the unique Li-site occupation configurations in a unit cell to obtain the total energies and the most stable structures for various compositions .	Thermodynamic analysis shows that Li0.5Ni0.5Mn1.5O4 with x = 0.5 is the only stable phase for 0 & lt ; x & lt ; 1 .
+3	We show that any such translationally-invariant vector must have a norm that is either divergent or equal to zero .	In the standard construction of Quantum Field Theory , a vacuum state is required .	The vacuum is a vector in a separable , infinite-dimensional Hilbert space often referred to as Fock space .	By definition the vacuum wavestate depends on nothing and must be translationally invariant .	It is impossible for any state to be both everywhere translationally invariant and also have a norm of one .
+1	The Company Actualis SARL is specialized in the production and distribution of a press review about French regional economic actors .	Decision makers need economical information to drive their decisions .	This economic review represents for a client a prospecting tool on partners and competitors .	To reduce the overload of useless information , the company is moving towards a customized review for each customer .	Three issues appear to achieve this goal .
+0	We study the environmental dependence of the formation epoch of dark matter haloes in the Millennium Simulation : a ten billion particle N-body simulation of standard LambdaCDM cosmology .	A sensitive test of this dependence - the marked correlation function - reveals highly significant evidence that haloes of a given mass form earlier in denser regions .	We define a marked cross-correlation function , which helps quantify how this effect depends upon the choice of the halo population used to define the environment .	The mean halo formation redshift as a function of the local overdensity in dark matter is also well determined , and we see an especially clear dependence for galaxy-sized haloes .	This contradicts one of the basic predictions of the excursion set model of structure formation , even though we see that this theory predicts other features of the distribution of halo formation epochs rather well .
+1	We show that the aligned dipole magnetic field model analyzed by Jontof-Hutter and Hamilton ( 2012 ) is an excellent approximation in most cases , but that fundamentally new physics arises with the inclusion of non-axisymmetric magnetic field terms .	We study the radial and vertical stability of dust grains launched with all charge-to-mass ratios at arbitrary distances from rotating planets with complex magnetic fields .	In particular , large numbers of distant negatively-charged dust grains , stable in a magnetic dipole , can be driven to escape by a more complex field .	We trace the origin of the instability to overlapping Lorentz resonances which are extremely powerful when the gravitational and electromagnetic forces on a dust grain are comparable .	These resonances enable a dust grain to tap the spin energy of the planet to power its escape .
+4	Next , the magnetic flux profiles have been extracted from the magnetic measurements using the Campbell - Rollins procedure .	This paper aims at reporting magnetic properties of bulk polycrystalline Bi2Sr2Ca0.8Dy0.2Cu2O8-y samples textured under a magnetic field .	The microstructure of these materials is highly anisotropic and exhibits particular features needed to be taken into account in order to interpret their magnetic and electrical properties .	First the AC magnetic susceptibility c = c ' - j c '' has been measured for several magnetic fields ( H // ab and H // c ) and compared to the electrical resistivity data .	The structure of the c '' peak is shown to be related to the chemical content distribution of the superconducting grains .
+0	Algorithms that detect covariance between pairs of columns in multiple sequence alignments are commonly employed to predict functionally important residues and structural contacts .	However , the assumption that co-variance only occurs between individual residues in the protein is more driven by computational convenience rather than fundamental protein architecture .	Here we develop a novel algorithm that defines a covariance score across two groups of columns where each group represents a stretch of contiguous columns in the alignment .	We define a test set that consists of secondary structure elements ( { \alpha } -helixes and { \beta } -strands ) across more than 1,100 PFAM families .	Using these alignments to predict segments that are physically close in structure , we show that our method substantially out-performs approaches that aggregate the results of algorithms that operate on individual column pairs .
+4	The action of the $ n^2\times n^2 $ matrix associated to this linear system can be computed by solving a coupled matrix initial-value problem .	The delay Lyapunov equation is an important matrix boundary-value problem which arises as an analogue of the Lyapunov equation in the study of time-delay systems $ \dot { x } ( t ) =A_0x ( t ) +A_1x ( t-\tau ) +B_0u ( t ) $ .	We propose a new algorithm for the solution of the delay Lyapunov equation .	Our method is based on the fact that the delay Lyapunov equation can be expressed as a linear system of equations , whose unknown is the value $ U ( \tau/2 ) \in\mathbb { R } ^ { n\times n } $ , i.e. , the delay Lyapunov matrix at time $ \tau/2 $ .	This linear matrix equation with $ n^2 $ unknowns is solved by adapting a preconditioned iterative method such as GMRES .
+3	The Rb/K elemental abundance ratio for the cloud also is lower than that seen in meteorites .	The isotope ratio , 85Rb/87Rb , places constraints on models of the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements , but there is no precise determination of the ratio for material beyond the Solar System .	We report the first measurement of the interstellar Rb isotope ratio .	Our measurement of the Rb I line at 7800 A for the diffuse gas toward rho Oph A yields a value of 1.21 +/- 0.30 ( 1-sigma ) that differs significantly from the meteoritic value of 2.59 .	Comparison of the 85Rb/K and 87Rb/K ratios with meteoritic values indicates that the interstellar 85Rb abundance in this direction is lower than the Solar System abundance .
+0	We demonstrate several building blocks for an ion-photon interface based on a trapped Ca ion in an optical cavity .	We identify a favorable experimental configuration and measure system parameters , including relative motion of the trapped ion and the resonator mode .	A complete spectrum of cavity-assisted Raman transitions between the $ 4^ { 2 } S_ { 1/2 } $ and $ 3^ { 2 } D_ { 5/2 } $ manifolds is obtained .	On two of these transitions , we generate orthogonally polarized cavity photons , and we demonstrate coherent manipulation of the corresponding pair of atomic states .	Possible implementations of atom-photon entanglement and state mapping within the ion-cavity system are discussed .
+1	This extends the results in [ T. Blass and L.A. Romero , SIAM J.Control Optim .	We derive simplified formulas for analyzing the stability of stochastic parametrically forced linear systems .	51 ( 2 ) :1099 -- 1127 , 2013 ] where , assuming the stochastic excitation is small , the stability of such systems was computed using a weighted sum of the extended power spectral density over the eigenvalues of the unperturbed operator .	In this paper , we show how to convert this to a sum over the residues of the extended power spectral density .	For systems where the parametric forcing term is a rank one matrix , this leads to an enormous simplification .
+1	Then A has the Weak Lefschetz property if there is an element ell of degree 1 such that the multiplication times ell : A_i -- & gt ; A_ { i+1 } has maximal rank , for every i , and A has the Strong Lefschetz property if times ell^d : A_i -- & gt ; A_ { i+d } has maximal rank for every i and d. The main results obtained in this paper are the following .	Let A = bigoplus_ { i & gt ; = 0 } A_i be a standard graded Artinian K-algebra , where char K = 0 .	1 ) EVERY height three complete intersection has the Weak Lefschetz property .	( Our method , surprisingly , uses rank two vector bundles on P^2 and the Grauert-Mulich theorem . )	2 ) We give a complete characterization ( including a concrete construction ) of the Hilbert functions that can occur for K-algebras with the Weak or Strong Lefschetz property ( and the characterization is the same one ) .
+0	We theoretically study spin-wave modes and their intense excitations activated by microwave magnetic fields in the skyrmion-crystal phase of insulating magnets by numerically analyzing a two-dimensional spin model using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation .	Two peaks of spin-wave resonances with frequencies of ~1 GHz are found for in-plane a.c. magnetic field where distribution of the out-of-plane spin components circulates around each skyrmion core .	Directions of the circulations are opposite between these two modes , and hence the spectra exhibit salient dependence on the circular polarization of irradiating microwave .	A breathing-type mode is also found for out-of-plane a.c. magnetic field .	By intensively exciting these collective modes , melting of the skyrmion crystal accompanied by a red shift of the resonant frequency is achieved within nano seconds .
+4	As a result , the effect quickly becomes small and its beginning is shifted to the remote future .	It is known that scalar-tensor theory of gravity admits regular crossing of the phantom divide line $ w_ { \DE } =-1 $ for dark energy , and existing viable models of present dark energy for its particular case -- $ f ( R ) $ gravity -- possess one such crossing in the recent past , after the end of the matter dominated stage .	It was recently noted that during the future evolution of these models the dark energy equation of state $ w_ { \DE } $ may oscillate with an arbitrary number of phantom divide crossings .	In this paper we prove that the number of crossings can be infinite , present an analytical condition for the existence of this effect and investigate it numerically .	With the increase of the present mass of the scalaron ( a scalar particle appearing in $ f ( R ) $ gravity ) beyond the boundary of the appearance of such oscillations , their amplitude is shown to decrease very fast .
+1	With these simulations we model generation and decay of the magnetic field in shocks , where the upstream is modified by two-photon pair production due to self-absorption of the shock 's high-energy radiation .	We present numerical simulations of the magnetic field turbulence in collisionless electron-positron plasma with continuous injection of new pairs , which maintains anisotropy in the particle distribution over long time .	We find that the overall picture of magnetic field build-up is consistent with development of Weibel instability .	However , the long-term injection of anisotropic pairs in the upstream leads to formation of large-scale structures in the magnetic field , while the small-scale structures are almost absent .	Furthermore , we find that being amplified at the shock front this magnetic field mostly preserves its large spatial scale and then slowly decays in the downstream on a timescale approximately equal to duration of the injection phase .
+4	We find a temperature around 20.000 K , dependent on the slope of the gas equation of state .	We use published measurements of the transmission power spectrum of the Lyman alpha forest to constrain several parameters that describe cosmology and thermal properties of the intergalactic medium ( IGM ) .	A 6 parameter grid is constructed using Particle-Mesh dark matter simulations together with scaling relations to make predictions for the gas properties .	We fit for all parameters simultaneously and identify several degeneracies .	We find that the temperature of the IGM can be well determined from the fall-off of the power spectrum at small scales .
+3	For instance , we consider the curve $ \gamma ( x ) = ( x , x^2 ( 1+\phi ( x ) ) ) $ and associated dilations $ \delta_t ( x ) = ( tx_1 , t^2x_2 ) $ .	The goal of this article is to establish L^p-estimates for maximal functions associated with nonisotropic dilations of hypersurfaces in R^3 .	Several results have already been obtained by Greenleaf , Iosevich-Sawyer-Seeger , Ikromov-Kempe-Mueller and Zimmermann , but for some situations such as the hypersurface parameterized as the graph of a smooth function $ \Phi ( x_1 , x_2 ) =x_2^d ( 1+\mathcal { O } ( x_2^m ) ) $ near the origin , where $ d\geq 2 $ , $ m\geq 1 $ , and associated dilations $ \delta_t ( x ) = ( t^ax_1 , tx_2 , t^dx_3 ) $ for an arbitrary real number a & gt ; 0 , the question was open until recently .	In fact , such problems do arise already in lower dimensions .	If $ \phi\equiv 0 $ , then the corresponding maximal function is the maximal function along parabolas in the plane , which is very well understood due to the work by Nagel-Riviere-Wainger and others .
+4	Several techniques have been proposed to detect the packet drop attack in wireless ad hoc networks .	Wireless ad hoc networks have gained lots of attention due to their ease and low cost of deployment .	This has made ad hoc networks of great importance in numerous military and civilian applications .	But , the lack of centralized management of these networks makes them vulnerable to a number of security attacks .	One of the attacks is packet drop attack , where a compromised node drops packets maliciously .
+1	We find that Majorana fermions , existing at the interface between superconducting and normal sections of the nanowire within certain parameter region , can induce resonant Andreev reflection of electrons at the interface , which yields a zero energy peak in the electrical conductance of the nanowire .	We investigate the charge transport in a semiconductor nanowire that is subject to a perpendicular magnetic field and in partial contact with an \textit { s } -wave superconductor .	The width of the zero energy conductance peak for different experimental parameters is characterized .	While the zero energy peak provides a signature for Majorana fermions in one dimensional nanowires , it disappears in a two-dimensional semiconductor thin film with the same experimental setup because of the existence of other edge states in two dimensions .	The proposed charge transport experiment may provide a simple and experimentally feasible method for the detection of Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanowires .
+1	The equilibrium state of the system is uncorrelated but the constraints in the dynamics lead to spatially correlated collective relaxation reminiscent of glasses .	We show that the dynamics of a laser driven Rydberg gas in the limit of strong dephasing is described by a master equation with manifest kinetic constraints .	We study and quantify the evolution towards equilibrium in one and two dimensions , and analyze how the degree of glassiness and the relaxation time are controlled by the interaction strength between Rydberg atoms .	We also find that spontaneous decay of Rydberg excitations leads to an interruption of glassy relaxation that takes the system to a highly correlated non-equilibrium stationary state .	The results presented here , which are in principle also applicable other systems such as polar molecules and atoms with large magnetic dipole moments , show that the collective behavior of cold atomic and molecular ensembles can be similar to that found in soft condensed-matter systems .
+3	The reduction of the longitudinal work and dissipative processes due to the shear viscosity , increase the total entropy and the particle multiplicity at central rapidities .	Longitudinal hydrodynamic expansion of the fluid created in relativistic heavy-collisions is considered taking into account shear viscosity .	Both a on-vanishing viscosity and a soft equation of state make particle distributions in rapidity narrower .	The presence of viscosity has dramatic consequence on the value of the initial energy density .	The total energy in the collision , dominated by the longitudinal motion , is conserved .
+2	The non-linear equations that governing the flow are solved numerically using finite difference technique by employing a suitable coordinate transformation .	With an aim to investigate the effect of externally imposed body acceleration and magnetic field on pulsatile flow of blood through an arterial segment having stenosis is under consideration in this paper .	The flow of blood is presented by a unsteady micropolar fluid and the heat transfer characteristics have been taken into account .	The numerical results have been observed for axial and microrotation component of velocity , fluid acceleration , wall shear stress ( WSS ) , flow resistance , temperature and the volumetric flow rate .	It thus turns out that the rate of heat transfer increases with the increase of Hartmann number $ H $ , while the wall shear stress has a reducing effect on the Hartmann number $ H $ and an enhancing effect on microrotation parameter $ K $ as well as the constriction height $ \delta $ .
+4	We also give constant factor approximations when the buyer considers all items at once , $ k $ items at once , or items in sequence .	We study the optimal mechanism design problem faced by a market intermediary who makes revenue by connecting buyers and sellers .	We first show that the optimal intermediation protocol has substantial structure : it is the solution to an algorithmic pricing problem in which seller 's costs are replaced with virtual costs , and the sellers ' payments need only depend on the buyer 's behavior and not the buyer 's actual valuation function .	Since the underlying algorithmic pricing problem may be difficult to solve optimally , we study specific models of buyer behavior and give mechanisms with provable approximation guarantees .	We show that offering only the single most profitable item for sale guarantees an $ \Omega ( \frac1 { \log n } ) $ fraction of the optimal revenue when item value distributions are independent and have monotone hazard rates .
+1	This research focuses on the design and construction of a Dual Sensor heat-monitoring system .	Convenience and safeguarding our home appliances have become an important issue when dealing with an advancement and growth of an economy .	The circuit works by monitoring temperature from an external input and comparing the temperature level with that of a preset temperature value .	The power output of the circuit is cut off or switched OFF or an alarm is triggered ON if the temperature of the external input is equal to or , greater than the preset temperature value .	The methodology involves the application of linear precision temperature sensors i.e. , they generate a voltage that is directly proportional to the temperature .
+1	For example , the observed radiation energies of some GRBs are equivalent to convert more than one solar mass energy into radiation completely .	Gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) are most intense transient gamma-ray events in the sky when they are on together with the strong evidences ( i.e.the isotropic and inhomogeneous distribution of GRBs detected by BASTE ) that they are located at cosmological distances , which make them the most energetic events ever known .	This is thousand times stronger than that of supernova explosion .	Unconventional energy mechanisms and extremely high conversion efficiency for these mysterious events are required .	The discovery of host galaxies and association with supernovae in the cosmological distances by the recently launched satellite of BeppoSAX and ground based radio and optical telescopes in GRB afterglow provides further support to the cosmological origin of GRBs and put strong constraints on central engines of GRBs .
+3	Atom-resolved contributions reveal the fingerprints of the inequivalent O atoms .	We present a joint theoretical and experimental study on core-level excitations from the oxygen $ K $ -edge of $ \beta $ - $ \text { Ga } _2\text { O } _3 $ .	A detailed analysis of the electronic structure reveals the importance of O-Ga hybridization effects in the conduction region .	The absorption spectrum from O 1 $ s $ core electrons is dominated by excitonic effects , which overall red-shift the absorption onset by 0.5 eV , and significantly redistribute the intensity to lower energies .	From the comparison of energy-loss near-edge fine-structure ( ELNES ) spectra computed with respect to different crystal planes with measurements recorded under the corresponding diffraction conditions , we show how the spectral contributions of specific O atoms can be enhanced while quenching others .
+0	We explore the Dirac equation in external electromagnetic and torsion fields .	Motivated by the previous study of quantum field theory in an external torsion field , we include a nonminimal interaction of the spinor field with torsion .	As a consequence , the torsion axial vector and the electromagnetic potential enter the action in a similar form .	The existence of an extra local symmetry is emphasized and the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation is performed to an accuracy of next to the leading order .	We also discuss the motion of a classical test particle in a constant torsion field .
+2	We consider two invariants of a spin 4-manifold that has the integral homology of a 4-torus .	This is the third in our series of papers relating gauge theoretic invariants of certain 4-manifolds with invariants of 3-manifolds derived from Rohlin 's theorem .	Such relations are well-known in dimension three , starting with Casson 's integral lift of the Rohlin invariant of a homology sphere .	The first is a degree zero Donaldson invariant , counting flat connections on a certain SO ( 3 ) -bundle .	The second , which depends on the choice of a 1-dimensional cohomology class , is a combination of Rohlin invariants of a 3-manifold carrying the dual homology class .
+0	In the framework of evolutionary games with institutional reciprocity , limited incentives are at disposal for rewarding cooperators and punishing defectors .	In the simplest case , it can be assumed that , depending on their strategies , all players receive equal incentives from the common pool .	The question arises , however , what is the optimal distribution of institutional incentives ?	How should we best reward and punish individuals for cooperation to thrive ?	We study this problem for the public goods game on a scale-free network .
+0	Hexagonal diamond has been predicted computationally to display extraordinary physical properties including a hardness that exceeds cubic diamond .	However , a recent electron microscopy study has shown that so-called hexagonal diamond samples are in fact not discrete materials but faulted and twinned cubic diamond .	We now provide a quantitative analysis of cubic and hexagonal stacking in diamond samples by analysing X-ray diffraction data with the DIFFaX software package .	The highest fractions of hexagonal stacking we find in materials which were previously referred to as hexagonal diamond are below 60 % .	The remainder of the stacking sequences are cubic .
+1	The typical Hamiltonian ( symplectic ) approach leads to an obstruction to the definition of a symplectic structure on the full phase space of the IRPG .	In this paper we examine the phase space structure of a noncanonical formulation of 4-dimensional gravity referred to as the Instanton representation of Plebanski gravity ( IRPG ) .	We circumvent this obstruction , using the Lagrange equations of motion , to find the appropriate generalization of the Poisson bracket .	It is shown that the IRPG does not support a Poisson bracket except on the vector constraint surface .	Yet there exists a fundamental bilinear operation on its phase space which produces the correct equations of motion and induces the correct transformation properties of the basic fields .
+4	Glitch parameters were determined both by extrapolating timing solutions to inter-glitch intervals and by phase-coherent timing fits across the glitch ( es ) .	Timing observations of 40 mostly young pulsars using the ATNF Parkes radio telescope between 1990 January and 1998 December are reported .	In total , 20 previously unreported glitches and ten other glitches were detected in 11 pulsars .	These included 12 glitches in PSR J1341 $ - $ 6220 , corresponding to a glitch rate of 1.5 glitches per year .	We also detected the largest known glitch , in PSR J1614 $ - $ 5047 , with $ \Delta\nu_g/\nu \approx 6.5 \times 10^ { -6 } $ where $ \nu = 1/P $ is the pulse frequency .
+3	It also shows how the 3D model is used for mechanical and hydrogeological studies .	In the context of a deep geological repository of high-level radioactive wastes , the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency ( Andra ) has conducted an extensive characterization of the Callovo-Oxfordian argillaceous rock and surrounding formations in the Eastern Paris Basin .	As part of this project , an accurate 3D seismic derived geological model is needed .	The paper shows the procedure used for building the 3D seismic constrained geological model in depth by combining time-to-depth conversion of seismic horizons , consistent seismic velocity model and elastic impedance in time .	The 3D seismic field data example illustrates the potential of the proposed depth conversion procedure for estimating density and velocity distributions , which are consistent with the depth conversion of seismic horizons using the Bayesian Kriging method .
+1	Let $ \V $ be a vector space equipped with a non-degenerate symmetric or symplectic bilinear form $ B $ over $ \F $ .	Let $ \F $ be an algebraically closed field .	Suppose the characteristic of $ \F $ is \emph { large } , i.e.either zero or greater than the dimension of $ \V $ .	Let $ I ( \V , B ) $ denote the group of isometries .	Using the Jacobson-Morozov lemma we give a new and simple proof of the fact that two elements in $ I ( \V , B ) $ are conjugate if and only if they have the same elementary divisors .
+1	Here O ( pi ) denotes the number of odd parts of the partition pi and pi ' is the conjugate of pi .	Let p ( n ) denote the number of unrestricted partitions of n. For i=0 , 2 , let p [ i ] ( n ) denote the number of partitions pi of n such that O ( pi ) - O ( pi ' ) = i mod 4 .	R. Stanley [ 13 ] , [ 14 ] derived an infinite product representation for the generating function of p [ 0 ] ( n ) -p [ 2 ] ( n ) .	Recently , Holly Swisher [ 15 ] employed the circle method to show that limit [ n- & gt ; oo ] p [ 0 ] ( n ) /p ( n ) = 1/2 ( i ) and that for sufficiently large n 2 p [ 0 ] ( n ) & gt ; p ( n ) , if n=0,1 mod 4 , 2 p [ 0 ] ( n ) & lt ; p ( n ) , otherwise .	( ii ) In this paper we study even/odd dissection of the Stanley product , and show how to use it to prove ( i ) and ( ii ) with no restriction on n. Moreover , we establish the following new result |p [ 0 ] ( 2n ) - p [ 2 ] ( 2n ) | & gt ; |p [ 0 ] ( 2n+1 ) - p [ 2 ] ( 2n+1 ) | , n & gt ; 0 .
+2	This extension is based on an intersection theory for tropical cycles with smooth weights .	Chambert-Loir and Ducros have recently introduced a theory of real valued differential forms and currents on Berkovich spaces .	In analogy to the theory of forms with logarithmic singularities , we enlarge the space of differential forms by so called delta-forms on the non-archimedean analytification of an algebraic variety .	We prove a generalization of the Poincar\'e-Lelong formula which allows us to represent the first Chern current of a formally metrized line bundle by a delta-form .	We introduce the associated Monge-Amp\`ere measure $ \mu $ as a wedge-power of this first Chern delta-form and we show that $ \mu $ is equal to the corresponding Chambert-Loir measure .
+1	This is studied in connection with factorization theorems for ( multi-Toeplitz , multi-analytic , etc . )	We define a new notion of entropy for operators on Fock spaces and positive definite multi-Toeplitz kernels on free semigroups .	operators on Fock spaces .	These results lead to entropy inequalities and entropy formulas for positive definite multi-Toeplitz kernels on free semigroups ( resp.multi-Toeplitz operators ) and consequences concerning the extreme points of the unit ball of the noncommutative analytic Toeplitz algebra F_n^\infty .	We obtain several geometric characterizations of the multivariable central intertwining lifting , a maximum principle , and a permanence principle for the noncommutative commutant lifting theorem .
+2	We find the transformation separating variables in this system .	In the phase space of the integrable Hamiltonian system with three degrees of freedom used to describe the motion of a Kowalevski-type top in a double constant force field , we point out the four-dimensional invariant manifold .	It is shown that this manifold consists of critical motions generating a smooth sheet of the bifurcation diagram , and the induced dynamic system is Hamiltonian with certain subset of points of degeneration of the symplectic structure .	As a result , the solutions can be represented in terms of elliptic functions of time .	The corresponding phase topology is completely described .
+4	Generally , the generated patterns do not take an advantage from the specificities of the multidimensional context namely , the consideration of the measures and their aggregations .	The online analytical processing ( OLAP ) does not provide any explanation of correlations discovered between data .	Thus , the coupling of OLAP and data mining , especially association rules , is considered as an efficient solution to this problem .	In this context , we mainly focus on a particular class of association rules which is the cyclic association rules .	These rules aimed to discover patterns that display regular variation over user-defined intervals .
+1	Such backgrounds may characterise the epoch of the early universe .	The generation of a matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe may be induced by the propagation of fermions in non-trivial , spherically asymmetric ( and hence Lorentz violating ) gravitational backgrounds .	The key point in these models is that the background induces different dispersion relations , hence populations , between fermions and antifermions , and thus CPT Violation ( CPTV ) appears in thermal equilibrium .	Species populations may freeze out leading to leptogenesis and baryogenesis .	We consider here a string-inspired scenario , in which the CPTV is associated with a cosmological background with torsion provided by the Kalb-Ramond ( KR ) antisymemtric tensor field of the string gravitational multiplet .
+1	The optimality of Gaussian auxiliary random variables is shown in various scenarios .	We study secure source-coding with causal disclosure , under the Gaussian distribution .	We explicitly characterize the tradeoff between the rates of communication and secret key .	This tradeoff is the result of a mutual information optimization under Markov constraints .	As a corollary , we deduce a general formula for Wyner 's Common Information in the Gaussian setting .
+3	Non-isotropic compression may induce patterns consisting in a single elemental distortion or a superposition of two of them .	I study the buckling transition under compression of a two-dimensional , hexagonal , regular elastic honeycomb .	Under isotropic compression , the system buckles to a configuration consisting of a unit cell containing four of the original hexagons .	This buckling pattern preserves the sixfold rotational symmetry of the original lattice but is chiral , and can be described as a combination of three different elemental distortions in directions rotated 2pi/3 from each other .	The numerical results compare very well with the outcome of a Landau theory of second order phase transitions .
+3	On certain column-weight-three codes of practical interest , we show that there exist 3-bit precision FAIDs that surpass the BP decoder in the error floor .	We introduce a new paradigm for finite precision iterative decoding on low-density parity-check codes over the Binary Symmetric channel .	The messages take values from a finite alphabet , and unlike traditional quantized decoders which are quantized versions of the Belief propagation ( BP ) decoder , the proposed finite alphabet iterative decoders ( FAIDs ) do not propagate quantized probabilities or log-likelihoods and the variable node update functions do not mimic the BP decoder .	Rather , the update functions are maps designed using the knowledge of potentially harmful subgraphs that could be present in a given code , thereby rendering these decoders capable of outperforming the BP in the error floor region .	Hence , FAIDs are able to achieve a superior performance at much lower complexity .
+2	We consider approximation of $ X $ by piecewise Hermite interpolation splines with $ n $ free knots ( i.e. , a sampling design , a mesh ) .	Let a continuous random process $ X $ defined on $ [ 0,1 ] $ be $ ( m+\beta ) $ -smooth , $ 0\le m , 0 & lt ; \beta\le 1 $ , in quadratic mean for all $ t & gt ; 0 $ and have an isolated singularity point at $ t=0 $ .	In addition , let $ X $ be locally like a $ m $ -fold integrated $ \beta $ -fractional Brownian motion for all non-singular points .	The approximation performance is measured by mean errors ( e.g. , integrated or maximal quadratic mean errors ) .	We construct a sequence of sampling designs with asymptotic approximation rate $ n^ { - ( m+\beta ) } $ for the whole interval .
+3	Numerical results are obtained which are closely analogous to those recently found for a magnetodielectric wedge , with the same speed of light on both sides of the wedge boundaries .	We consider the Casimir energy due to a massless scalar field in a geometry of an infinite wedge closed by a Dirichlet circular cylinder , where the wedge is formed by $ \delta $ -function potentials , so-called semitransparent boundaries .	A finite expression for the Casimir energy corresponding to the arc and the presence of both semitransparent potentials is obtained , from which the torque on the sidewalls can be derived .	The most interesting part of the calculation is the nontrivial nature of the angular mode functions .	Alternative methods are developed for annular regions with radial semitransparent potentials , based on reduced Green 's functions for the angular dependence , which allows calculations using the multiple-scattering formalism .
+0	This two-part contribution to the Proceedings of the Eighth Canadian Conference on General Relativity and Relativistic Astrophysics is devoted to the evolution of a massless scalar field in two black-hole spacetimes which are not asymptotically flat .	In Part I ( authored by Eric Poisson ) we consider the evolution of a scalar field propagating in Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime .	The spacetime possesses a cosmological horizon in addition to the usual event horizon .	The presence of this new horizon affects the late-time evolution of the scalar field .	In part II ( authored by William G. Laarakkers ) we consider the evolution of a scalar field propagating in Schwarzschild-Einstein-de Sitter spacetime .
+3	We estimate that the maximum power that could be derived at semiconductor THz modulation rates is megawatts/cm3 .	We consider electro-optical constructions in which the Casimir force is modulated in opposition to piezo-crystal elasticity , as in a stack of alternating tunably conductive and piezo layers .	Adjacent tunably conducting layers tuned to conduct , attract by the Casimir force compressing the intermediate piezo , but when subsequently detuned to insulate , sandwiched piezo layers expand elastically to restore their original dimension .	In each cycle some electrical energy is made available from the quantum zero point ( zp ) .	Similarly a permittivity wave generated by a THz acoustic wave in a single crystal by the acousto-optic effect produces multiple coherent Casimir wave mode overtones and a bulk mode .
+4	We have constructed mock samples from N-body simulations with a cluster-weighted bias and from the theoretically constructed GIF catalog .	We report on the measurement of the two-point correlation function and the pairwise peculiar velocity of galaxies in the IRAS PSCz survey .	The real space two-point correlation function can be fitted to a power law $ \xi ( r ) = ( r_0/r ) ^ { \gamma } $ with $ \gamma=1.69 $ and $ r_0=3.70 \mpc $ .	The pairwise peculiar velocity dispersion $ \sigma_ { 12 } ( r_p ) $ is close to $ 400 \kms $ at $ r_p=3\mpc $ and decreases to about $ 150 \kms $ at $ r_p \approx 0.2 \mpc $ .	These values are significantly lower than those obtained from the Las Campanas Redshift Survey , but agree very well with the results of blue galaxies reported by the SDSS team later on .
+4	Additionally , some physical properties of this fractional diffusion system are simulated , which further confirm the effectiveness of our method .	A one dimensional fractional diffusion model with the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is studied .	First , a second order discretization for this derivative is presented and then an unconditionally stable weighted average finite difference method is derived .	The stability of this scheme is established by von Neumann analysis .	Some numerical results are shown , which demonstrate the efficiency and convergence of the method .
+4	These results are broadly in agreement with earlier investigations of massive galaxies at z~0.5 .	We calculate the real- and redshift-space clustering of massive galaxies at z~0.5 using the first semester of data by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey ( BOSS ) .	We study the correlation functions of a sample of 44,000 massive galaxies in the redshift range 0.4 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.7 .	We present a halo-occupation distribution modeling of the clustering results and discuss the implications for the manner in which massive galaxies at z~0.5 occupy dark matter halos .	The majority of our galaxies are central galaxies living in halos of mass 10^ { 13 } Msun/h , but 10 % are satellites living in halos 10 times more massive .
+2	We also discuss the nature of the observed variations of intensities of Fe , Cr , Ti , Si , Mg and RE spectral lines and possible mechanisms matching the observed light variations .	BS Cir is a representative of moderately cool magnetic chemically peculiar stars which displays very strong light variations in Stroemgren index c1 indicating large changes in the height of the Balmer jump .	We present two-spot model of light variations fitting successfully all of nine light curves obtained in the spectral region 335-750 nm .	It was confirmed that the observed period of BS Cir 2.204 d is rising with the rate of dP/dt=5.4 ( 4 ) x10^-9 .	The found minor secular changes in the shape of light curve should be compatible with the period changes caused by precessional motion due to magnetic distortion of the star .
+4	A lensing phenomenology is also presented for some samples of galaxies , which previously were known to provide tension for modified gravity ( TeVeS ) models .	In a previous publication by some of the authors ( N.E.M. , M.S.and M.F.Y .	) , we have argued that the `` D-material universe '' , that is a model of a brane world propagating in a higher-dimensional bulk populated by collections of D-particle stringy defects , provides a model for the growth of large-scale structure in the universe via the vector field in its spectrum .	The latter corresponds to D-particle recoil velocity excitations as a result of the interactions of the defects with stringy matter and radiation on the brane world .	In this article , we first elaborate further on the results of the previous study on the galactic growth era and analyse the circumstances under which the D-particle recoil velocity fluid may `` mimic '' dark matter in galaxies .
+0	Sachs has derived quaternion field equations that fully exploit the underlying symmetry of the principle of general relativity , one in which the fundamental 10 component metric field is replaced by a 16 component four-vector quaternion .	Instead of the 10 field equations of Einstein 's tensor formulation , these equations are 16 in number corresponding to the 16 analytic parametric functions { \partial } x^ { { \mu } ' } / { \partial } x^ { { \nu } } of the Einstein Lie Group .	The difference from the Einstein equations is that these equations are not covariant with respect to reflections in space-time , as a consequence of their underlying quaternionic structure .	These equations can be combined into a part that is even and a part that is odd with respect to spatial or temporal reflections .	This paper constructs a four-vector quaternion solution of the quaternionic field equation of Sachs that corresponds to a spherically symmetric static metric .
+1	By combining eight \chandra ACIS-I observations taken between 1999 and 2001 , we have identified 204 X-ray sources within the central $ \sim 17'\times17 ' $ region of M31 , with a detection limit of $ \sim 2\times10^ { 35 } $ \lum .	We report on \chandra observations of the central region of M31 .	Of these 204 sources , 22 are identified with globular clusters , 2 with supernova remnants , 9 with planetary nebula , and 9 as supersoft sources .	By comparing individual images , about 50 % of the sources are variable on time scales of months .	We also found 13 transients , with light curves showing a variety of shapes .
+4	With the help of analytic semigoups we establish local well-posedness and investigate the long-time behaviour of the solutions in the first case : we establish global existence and show that solutions converge to zero at an exponential rate .	The subject of this article is a matched microstructure model for Newtonian fluid flows in fractured porous media .	This is a homogenized model which takes the form of two coupled parabolic differential equations with boundary conditions in a given ( two-scale ) domain in Euclidean space .	The main objective is to establish the local well-posedness in the strong sense of the flow .	Two main settings are investigated : semi-linear systems with linear boundary conditions and semi-linear systems with nonlinear boundary conditions .
+4	The potential of this detection technique is quantified by simulation and used for statistical assessment of 96 wide binaries within 67pc .	Radial velocity ( RV ) monitoring of solar-type visual binaries has been conducted at the CTIO/SMARTS 1.5-m telescope to study short-period systems .	Data reduction is described , mean and individual RVs of 163 observed objects are given .	New spectroscopic binaries are discovered or suspected in 17 objects , for some of them orbital periods could be determined .	Subsystems are efficiently detected even in a single observation by double lines and/or by the RV difference between the components of visual binaries .
+1	During the mission lifetime , many thousands of galactic binaries should be individually resolved .	Compact binaries in our galaxy are expected to be one of the main sources of gravitational waves for the future eLISA mission .	However , the identification of the sources , and the extraction of the signal parameters in a noisy environment are real challenges for data analysis .	So far , stochastic searches have proven to be the most successful for this problem .	In this work we present the first application of a swarm-based algorithm combining Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution .
+3	This formalism leads to exact quantum gas distributions different from those given by factorization approximation .	It is argued that the factorization of compound probability over subsystems is a consequence of the existence of thermodynamic equilibrium in the composite system having Tsallis entropy .	So it should be respected by all exact calculations concerning interacting nonextensive subsystems .	Using nonextensive energy satisfying the factorization , we propose an additive formalism of nonextensive statistical mechanics with additive q-deformed physical quantities and exponential distributions .	The fermion distribution of present work shows similar behaviors to that of strongly correlated electrons .
+3	For wider intervals , the variance undergoes large , non-decaying oscillations around what is expected to be the saturation value .	The variance of the number of levels in an energy interval around a level with large quantum numbers ( semiclassical quantization ) is studied for a particle in a rectangular box .	Sampling involves changing the ratio of the rectangle 's sides while keeping the area constant .	For sufficiently narrow intervals , one finds the usual linear growth with the width of the interval .	These oscillations can be explained as a superposition of just a few harmonics that correspond to the shortest periodic orbits in the rectangle .
+3	It is therefore crucial to consider the wavelength dependence of photodesorption yields and mechanisms .	UV-induced photodesorption of ice is a non-thermal evaporation process that can explain the presence of cold molecular gas in a range of interstellar regions .	Information on the average UV photodesorption yield of astrophysically important ices exists for broadband UV lamp experiments .	UV fields around low-mass pre-main sequence stars , around shocks and in many other astrophysical environments are however often dominated by discrete atomic and molecular emission lines .	In this work , for the first time , the wavelength-dependent photodesorption of pure CO ice is explored between 90 and 170 nm .
+2	These are presented both as one-dimensional distributions and with their mean values as functions of the leading-jet transverse momentum from 20 GeV to 800 GeV .	Distributions sensitive to the underlying event in QCD jet events have been measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC , based on 37/pb of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV .	Charged-particle mean $ p_T $ and densities of all-particle $ E_T $ and charged-particle multiplicity and $ p_T $ have been measured in regions azimuthally transverse to the hardest jet in each event .	The correlation of charged-particle mean $ p_T $ with charged-particle multiplicity is also studied , and the $ E_T $ densities include the forward rapidity region ; these features provide extra data constraints for Monte Carlo modelling of colour reconnection and beam-remnant effects respectively .	For the first time , underlying event observables have been computed separately for inclusive jet and exclusive dijet event selections , allowing more detailed study of the interplay of multiple partonic scattering and QCD radiation contributions to the underlying event .
+3	We then present four new generalized-ensemble algorithms as further extensions of the two methods .	In complex systems such as spin systems and protein systems , conventional simulations in the canonical ensemble will get trapped in states of energy local minima .	We employ the generalized-ensemble algorithms in order to overcome this multiple-minima problem .	Two well-known generalized-ensemble algorithms , namely , multicanonical algorithm and replica-exchange method , are described .	Effectiveness of the new methods are illustrated with a Potts model , Lennard-Jones fluid system , and protein system .
+0	This article compares the distribution of Ks magnitude of Large Magellanic Cloud ( LMC ) asymptotic giant branch ( AGB ) stars obtained from the DENIS and 2MASS data with theoretical distributions .	These have been constructed using up-to-date stellar evolution calculations for low and intermediate-mass stars , and in particular for thermally pulsing AGB stars .	A fit of both the magnitude distribution of carbon- and oxygen-rich AGB stars allowed us to constrain the metallicity distribution across the LMC and its star formation rate ( SFR ) .	The LMC stellar population is found to be on average 5-6 Gyr old and is consistent with a mean metallicity corresponding to Z=0.006 .	These values may however be affected by systematic errors in the underlying stellar models , and by the limited exploration of the possible SFR histories .
+4	The survey will be executed at high spectral resolution , $ R=\lambda/\Delta \lambda \approx 5000 $ , allowing us to work between the bright OH sky emission lines and to infer linewidths for many of the target galaxies ( for several thousand objects , we will obtain rotation curves as well ) .	The DEIMOS spectrograph has now been installed on the Keck-II telescope and commissioning is nearly complete .	The DEEP2 Redshift Survey , which will take approximately 120 nights at the Keck Observatory over a three year period and has been designed to utilize the power of DEIMOS , began in the summer of 2002 .	The multiplexing power and high efficiency of DEIMOS enables us to target 1000 faint galaxies per clear night .	Our goal is to gather high-quality spectra of \~60,000 galaxies with z & gt ; 0.75 in order to study the properties and large scale clustering of galaxies at z ~ 1 .
+2	Both methods are genuine 3D extensions of the classic 1D Scharfetter-Gummel difference formula .	In this article we propose two novel 3D finite element models , denoted method A and B , for electron and hole Drift-Diffusion ( DD ) current densities .	Method A is based on a primal-mixed formulation of the DD model as a function of the quasi-Fermi potential gradient , while method B is a modification of the standard DD formula based on the introduction of an artificial diffusion matrix .	The proposed methods are compared in the 3D simulation of a p-n junction diode and of a p-MOS transistor in the on-state regime .	Results show that method A provides the best performance in terms of physical accuracy and numerical stability .
+4	It is shown that the stability of the semi-discrete ( continuous in time ) ALE-SUPG equation is independent of the mesh velocity , whereas the stability of the fully discrete problem is only conditionally stable .	Stability estimates for Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin ( SUPG ) finite element method with different time integration schemes for the solution of a scalar transient convection-diffusion-reaction equation in a time-dependent domain are derived .	The deformation of the domain is handled with the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian ( ALE ) approach .	In particular , the non-conservative form of the ALE scheme is considered .	The implicit Euler , the Crank-Nicolson , and the backward-difference~ ( BDF-2 ) methods are used for temporal discretization .
+4	Performing successive continuum limits on the RS system , we establish the Lagrange 1-form structure for the corresponding continuum case of the RS model .	We study the Lagrange formalism of the ( rational ) Ruijsenaars-Schneider ( RS ) system , both in discrete time as well as in continuous time , as a further example of a Lagrange 1-form structure in the sense of the recent paper [ 24 ] .	The discrete-time model of the RS system was established some time ago arising via an Ansatz of a Lax pair , and was shown to lead to an exactly integrable correspondence ( multivalued map ) [ 15 ] .	In this paper we consider an extended system representing a family of commuting flows of this type , and establish a connection with the lattice KP system .	In the Lagrangian 1-form structure of this extended model , the closure relation is verified making use of the equations of motion .
+3	Indeed majority rule produces critical thresholds to absolute power .	The concept and technics of real space renormalization group are applied to study majority rule voting in hierarchical structures .	It is found that democratic voting can lead to totalitarianism by keeping in power a small minority .	Conditions of this paradox are analyzed and singled out .	Values of these thresholds can vary from 50 % up to at least 77 % .
+4	The properties of the model are extensively discussed , and possible cosmological implications are addressed .	In this study one resorts to the phenomenology of models endowed with a non-minimal coupling between matter and geometry , in order to develop a mechanism through which dynamics similar to that due to the presence of dark matter is generated .	As a first attempt , one tries to account for the flattening of the galaxy rotation curves as an effect of the non- ( covariant ) conservation of the energy-momentum tensor of visible matter .	Afterwards , one assumes instead that this non-minimal coupling modifies the scalar curvature in a way that can be interpreted as a dark matter component ( albeit with negative pressure ) .	It is concluded that it is possible to mimic known dark matter density profiles through an appropriate power-law coupling $ f_2 = ( R/R0 ) ^n $ , with a negative index $ n $ -- a fact that reflects the dominance of dark matter at large distances .
+2	Recently the combined work of Audenaert et al . [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	Hypothesis testing is a fundamental issue in statistical inference and has been a crucial element in the development of information sciences .	The Chernoff bound gives the minimal Bayesian error probability when discriminating two hypotheses given a large number of observations .	98 , 160501 ] and Nussbaum and Szkola [ quant-ph/0607216 ] has proved the quantum analog of this bound , which applies when the hypotheses correspond to two quantum states .	Based on the quantum Chernoff bound , we define a physically meaningful distinguishability measure and its corresponding metric in the space of states ; the latter is shown to coincide with the Wigner-Yanase metric .
+2	The Magellanic Stream consists of gas tidally extracted from the SMC , tracing the dark matter potential of the Milky Way .	The high- and intermediate-velocity interstellar clouds ( HVCs/IVCs ) are tracers of energetic processes in and around the Milky Way .	Clouds with near-solar metallicity about one kpc above the disk trace the circulation of material between disk and halo ( the Galactic Fountain ) .	Several other HVCs have low-metallicity and appear to trace the continuing accretion of infalling intergalactic gas .	These assertions are supported by the metallicities ( 0.1 to 1 solar ) measured for about ten clouds in the past decade .
+0	We provide further numerical evidence which shows that R^n models in f ( R ) metric gravity whether produces a late time acceleration in the Universe or a matter domination era ( usually a transient one ) but not both .	Our results confirm the findings of Amendola et al .	( 2007 ) , but using a different approach that avoids the mapping to scalar-tensor theories of gravity , and therefore , dispense us from any discussion or debate about frames ( Einstein vs Jordan ) which are endemic in this subject .	This class of models has been used extensively in the literature as an alternative to the dark energy , but should be considered ruled out for being inconsistent with observations .	Finally , we discuss a caveat in the analysis by Faraoni ( 2011 ) , which was used to further constrain these models by using a chameleon mechanism .
+1	135 , 024106 ( 2011 ) ] which combine an exchange-correlation density functional with Hartree-Fock exchange weighted by $ \l $ and second-order M { \o } ller-Plesset ( MP2 ) correlation weighted by $ \l^3 $ .	We provide a rationale for a new class of double-hybrid approximations introduced by Br\'emond and Adamo [ J. Chem.Phys .	We show that this double-hybrid model can be understood in the context of the density-scaled double-hybrid model proposed by Sharkas et al. [ J . Chem.Phys .	134 , 064113 ( 2011 ) ] , as approximating the density-scaled correlation functional $ E_c [ n_ { 1/\l } ] $ by a linear function of $ \l $ , interpolating between MP2 at $ \l=0 $ and a density-functional approximation at $ \l=1 $ .	Numerical results obtained with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof density functional confirms the relevance of this double-hybrid model .
+1	Our UVES spectrum shows two well detached BALs at z ( abs ) = 4.685 and 4.855 .	We present the analysis of two BALs seen in the spectrum of the QSO SDSS J160501.21-011220.0 .	The system at z ( abs ) = 4.855 covers the background source completely suggesting that the gas is located outside the BLR .	On the contrary the system at z ( abs ) = 4.685 has a covering factor of ~0.9 .	The observed H I absorption line together with the limits on C II and Si II absorptions suggest that 16 & lt ; log N ( H I ) ( cm^ { -2 } ) & lt ; ~17 in z ( abs ) = 4.855 absorption system .
+2	The solution also requires the storage of a large matrix in memory .	Gaussian Processes are widely used for regression tasks .	A known limitation in the application of Gaussian Processes to regression tasks is that the computation of the solution requires performing a matrix inversion .	These factors restrict the application of Gaussian Process regression to small and moderate size data sets .	We present an algorithm based on empirically determined subset selection that works well on both real world and synthetic datasets .
+0	The results of an observation campaign of V0784 Ophiuchi over a time span of two years have revealed a multi-periodic Blazhko effect .	A Blazhko effect for V0784 Ophiuchi has not been reported previously .	From the observed light curves , 60 pulsation maxima have been measured .	The Fourier analyses of the ( O-C ) values and of magnitudes at maximum light have revealed a main Blazhko period of 24.51 days but also two other secondary Blazhko modulations with periods of 34.29 and 31.07 days .	A complete light curve Fourier analysis with PERIOD04 has shown triplet structures based on main and secondary Blazhko frequencies close to the reciprocal of Blazhko periods measured from the 60 pulsation maxima .
+2	These cases are likely rare and hard to confirm .	We critique the method of constructing extinction curves of lensing galaxies using multiply imaged QSOs .	If one of the two QSO images is lightly reddened or if the dust along both sightlines has the same properties then the method works well and produces an extinction curve for the lensing galaxy .	However , if the dust along each sightline has different properties then the resulting curve is no longer a measurement of extinction .	Instead , it is a measurement of the difference between two extinction curves .
+0	How can we reuse existing knowledge , in the form of available datasets , when solving a new and apparently unrelated target task from a set of unlabeled data ?	In this work we make a first contribution to answer this question in the context of image classification .	We frame this quest as an active learning problem and use zero-shot classifiers to guide the learning process by linking the new task to the existing classifiers .	By revisiting the dual formulation of adaptive SVM , we reveal two basic conditions to choose greedily only the most relevant samples to be annotated .	On this basis we propose an effective active learning algorithm which learns the best possible target classification model with minimum human labeling effort .
+2	Departures can be caused by : 1 ) higher-order terms in the expansion in slow-roll parameters , 2 ) quantum loop corrections or 3 ) multiple fields .	We study the detectability , given CMB polarization maps , of departures from the inflationary consistency equation , r \equiv T/S \simeq -5 n_T , where T and S are the tensor and scalar contributions to the quadrupole variance , respectively .	The consistency equation holds if inflation is driven by a slowly-rolling scalar field .	Higher-order corrections in the first two slow-roll parameters are undetectably small .	Loop corrections are detectable if they are nearly maximal and r \ga 0.1 .
+0	We study the fundamental problem of scheduling bidirectional traffic along a path composed of multiple segments .	The main feature of the problem is that jobs traveling in the same direction can be scheduled in quick succession on a segment , while jobs in opposing directions can not cross a segment at the same time .	We show that this tradeoff makes the problem significantly harder than the related flow shop problem , by proving that it is NP-hard even for identical jobs .	We complement this result with a PTAS for a single segment and non-identical jobs .	If we allow some pairs of jobs traveling in different directions to cross a segment concurrently , the problem becomes APX-hard even on a single segment and with identical jobs .
+4	Here , we show that if $ G $ has girth at least 10 , then $ G $ is b-continuous .	A b-coloring of the vertices of a graph is a proper coloring where each color class contains a vertex which is adjacent to each other color class .	The b-chromatic number of $ G $ is the maximum integer $ b ( G ) $ for which $ G $ has a b-coloring with $ b ( G ) $ colors .	A graph $ G $ is b-continuous if $ G $ has a b-coloring with $ k $ colors , for every integer $ k $ in the interval $ [ \chi ( G ) , b ( G ) ] $ .	It is known that not all graphs are b-continuous .
+4	We observe that the most dominant contributions come from tree-level diagrams , while loop corrections with internal vector meson lines are small .	We calculate the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon up to fourth order in manifestly Lorentz-invariant chiral perturbation theory with vector mesons as explicit degrees of freedom .	A systematic power counting for the renormalized diagrams is implemented using both the extended on-mass-shell renormalization scheme and the reformulated version of infrared regularization .	We analyze the electric and magnetic Sachs form factors , $ G_E $ and $ G_M $ , and compare our results with the existing data .	The inclusion of vector mesons results in a considerably improved description of the form factors .
+3	The neutron detection efficiency of the SENECA detector was measured via the reaction $ p ( \gamma , \pi^+ n ) $ .	Differential cross sections for quasi-free Compton scattering from the proton and neutron bound in the deuteron have been measured using the Glasgow/Mainz tagging spectrometer at the Mainz MAMI accelerator together with the Mainz 48 cm $ \oslash $ $ \times $ 64 cm NaI ( Tl ) photon detector and the G\ '' ottingen SENECA recoil detector .	The data cover photon energies ranging from 200 MeV to 400 MeV at $ \theta^ { LAB } _\gamma=136.2^\circ $ .	Liquid deuterium and hydrogen targets allowed direct comparison of free and quasi-free scattering from the proton .	The `` free '' proton Compton scattering cross sections extracted from the bound proton data are in reasonable agreement with those for the free proton which gives confidence in the method to extract the differential cross section for free scattering from quasi-free data .
+3	We study the ranges of the lightest neutrino mass m1 and/or of sin^2 theta13 , for which | & lt ; m & gt ; | & gt ; 0.001 eV and discuss the phenomenological implications of such scenarios .	If future neutrino oscillation experiments show that the neutrino mass spectrum is with normal ordering , m1 & lt ; m2 & lt ; m3 , and the searches for neutrinoless double beta-decay with sensitivity to values of the effective Majorana mass | & lt ; m & gt ; | & gt ; 0.01 eV give negative results , the next frontier in the quest for neutrinoless double beta-decay will correspond to | & lt ; m & gt ; | ~ 0.001 eV .	Assuming that massive neutrinos are Majorana particles and their exchange is the dominant mechanism generating neutrinoless double beta-decay , we analise the conditions under which | & lt ; m & gt ; | , in the case of three neutrino mixing and neutrino mass spectrum with normal ordering , would satisfy | & lt ; m & gt ; | & gt ; 0.001 eV .	We consider the specific cases of i ) normal hierarchical neutrino mass spectrum , ii ) of relatively small value of the CHOOZ angle theta13 as well as iii ) the general case of spectrum with normal ordering , partial hierarchy and a value of theta13 close to the existing upper limit .	We provide also an estimate of | & lt ; m & gt ; | when the three neutrino masses and the neutrino mixing originate from neutrino mass term of Majorana type for the ( left-handed ) flavour neutrinos and m1 Ue1^2 + m2 U_e2^2 + m3 Ue3^2 =0 , but there does not exist a symmetry which forbids the neutrinoless double beta-decay .
+0	Recent UV observations of the most massive Galactic globular clusters show a significant population of hot stars below the zero-age HB ( `` blue hook '' stars ) , which can not be explained by canonical stellar evolution .	Stars which suffer unusually large mass loss on the red giant branch and thus experience the helium-core flash while descending the white dwarf cooling curve could populate this region .	They should show higher temperatures than the hottest canonical HB stars and their atmospheres should be helium-rich and probably C/N-rich .	We have obtained spectra of blue hook stars in omega Cen and NGC 2808 to test this possibility .	Our analysis shows that the blue hook stars in these clusters reach effective temperatures well beyond the hot end of the canonical EHB and have higher helium abundances than canonical EHB stars .
+3	Most of the attention dedicated to date to spam detection has focused on the content of the emails or on the addresses or domains associated with spam senders .	Email is an increasingly important and ubiquitous means of communication , both facilitating contact between private individuals and enabling rises in the productivity of organizations .	However the relentless rise of automatic unauthorized emails , a.k.a .	spam is eroding away much of the attractiveness of email communication .	Although methods based on these - easily changeable - identifiers work reasonably well they miss on the fundamental nature of spam as an opportunistic relationship , very different from the normal mutual relations between senders and recipients of legitimate email .
+3	Smith proved that every Lefschetz fibration has only finitely many homotopy classes of sections , and Smith and Stipsicz independently proved that a Lefschetz fibration is trivial if it has a section with non-negative square .	We show that there exists a non-trivial simplified broken Lefschetz fibration which has infinitely many homotopy classes of sections .	We also construct a non-trivial simplified broken Lefschetz fibration which has a section with non-negative square .	It is known that no Lefschetz fibration satisfies either of the above conditions .	So our results indicate that there are no generalizations of the above results to broken Lefschetz fibrations .
+0	X-ray Thomson scattering is being developed as a method to measure the temperature , electron density , and ionization state of high energy density plasmas such as those used in inertial confinement fusion .	Most experiments are currently done at large laser facilities that can create bright X-ray sources , however the advent of the X-ray free electron laser ( X-FEL ) provides a new bright source to use in these experiments .	One challenge with X-ray Thomson scattering experiments is understanding how to model the scattering for partially ionized plasmas in order to include the contributions of the bound electrons in the scattered intensity .	In this work we take the existing models of Thomson scattering that include elastic ion-ion scattering and the electron-electron plasmon scattering and add the contribution of the bound electrons in the partially ionized plasmas .	We validated our model by analyzing existing beryllium experimental data .
+3	While the 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations predict HCE in PMS , semi-empirical calibrations either seem to require that convection is less efficient in PMS than in the following MS phase or are still contradictory .	Rotational evolution in the pre-main sequence ( PMS ) is described with new sets of PMS evolutionary tracks including rotation , non-gray boundary conditions ( BCs ) and either low ( LCE ) or high convection efficiency ( HCE ) .	Using observational data and our theoretical predictions , we aim at constraining 1 ) the differences obtained for the rotational evolution of stars within the ONC by means of these different sets of models ; 2 ) the initial angular momentum of low mass stars , by means of their templates in the ONC .	We discuss the reliability of current stellar models for the PMS .	We derive stellar masses and ages for the ONC by using both LCE and HCE .
+0	Four UHECRs in the combined HiRes and AGASA datasets are backtracked in the Galactic magnetic field .	They point to a common source which is localized to within 1 degree , if they are protons as is shown to be the most probable charge assignment .	A Swift-BAT hard X-ray AGN in the galaxy CGCG 291-028 is the only notable source candidate within the source locus and within the GZK distance horizon .	The spectrum of the four events is consistent with production in a transient event such as a stellar tidal disruption flare .	Under the assumption the UHECRs were produced in CGCG 291-028 , the total energy of UHECRs produced by the transient can be estimated and extragalactic magnetic deflections can be constrained .
+4	And then we also give operator inequalities based on the supplemental inequalities .	In this paper , we study refinements of some inequalities related to Young inequality for scalar and for operator .	As our main results , we show refined Young inequalities for two positive operators .	This results refine the ordering relations among the arithmetic mean , the geometric mean and the harmonic mean .	Finally , we give supplements for refined Young inequalities for two positive real numbers .
+3	We find that at the superconducting transition $ n_g $ is doping independent .	We measure and analyze the resistivity of $ Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_ { 8+\delta } $ crystals for different doping $ \delta $ .	We obtain the fraction of carrier $ \eta ( T , \delta ) = n_g/n_ { TOT } $ that do not participate to the c-axis conductivity .	All the curves $ \eta ( T , \delta ) $ collapse onto a universal curve when plotted against a reduced temperature $ x= [ T-\Theta ( \delta ) ] /\Delta^ { * } ( \delta ) $ .	We also show that a magnetic field up to 14 T does not affect the degree of localization in the ( a , b ) planes but widens the temperature range of the x-scaling by suppressing the superconducting phase coherence .
+2	Usually , the El Nino mode is regarded as an unstable mode of the coupled atmosphere system and the irregularity is attributed to noise and possibly chaos .	Anomalies during an El Nino are dominated by a single , irregularly oscillating , mode .	Equatorial dynamics has been linked to delayed-oscillator models of this mode .	Here a variation on the delayed oscillator is explored .	In this stochastic-oscillator view , El Nino is a stable mode excited by noise .
+2	We estimate and subtract the cosmic-ray proton background using two different methods that produce consistent results .	We measured separate cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra with the Fermi Large Area Telescope .	Because the instrument does not have an onboard magnet , we distinguish the two species by exploiting the Earth 's shadow , which is offset in opposite directions for opposite charges due to the Earth 's magnetic field .	We report the electron-only spectrum , the positron-only spectrum , and the positron fraction between 20 GeV and 200 GeV .	We confirm that the fraction rises with energy in the 20-100 GeV range .
+1	In the near-interface region the crystal structure is severely oxygen deficient and of tetragonal symmetry .	X-ray photoemission spectroscopy has been used to investigate the depth dependent crystal structures and chemical compositions of sequentially chemical-etched YBa2Cu3O7-d ( YBCO ) ultrathin film superconductors .	We consider this a revelation of retarded oxygen diffusion into the O ( 1 ) sites during the post-deposition annealing in the presence of interface mismatch strain .	Near the free surface , the oxygen-deficiency was much alleviated because of the partial strain relaxation and the crystal symmetry becomes orthorhombic .	Compared with as-deposited films of equivalent thickness , which is less oxygen deficient and shows superconducting transition , the stripped-down near-interface layer exhibits no sign of superconductivity .
+3	We use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to approximate the posterior distribution of model parameters because this method provides superior performance in the presence of the high dimensionality and strong parameter correlations exhibited by our models .	We present a locally-adaptive nonparametric curve fitting method that we call Bayesian trend filtering .	The method operates within a fully Bayesian framework and uses shrinkage priors to induce sparsity in order-k differences in the latent trend function , providing a combination of local adaptation and global control .	Using a scale mixture of normals representation of shrinkage priors , we make explicit connections between our Bayesian trend filtering and kth order Gaussian Markov random field smoothing .	We compare the performance of three prior formulations using simulated data and find the horseshoe prior provides the best compromise between bias and precision .
+3	In this work , using the previous results of Baez and Sawin , we extend the existing results to a theory admitting all the possible piecewise smooth finite paths and loops .	In the canonical quantization of gravity in terms of the Ashtekar variables one uses paths in the 3-space to construct the quantum states .	Usually , one restricts oneself to families of paths admitting only finite number of isolated intersections .	This assumption implies a limitation on the diffeomorphisms invariance of the introduced structures .	In particular , we $ ( i ) $ characterize the spectrum of the Ashtekar-Isham configuration space , $ ( ii ) $ introduce spin-web states , a generalization of the spin-network states , $ ( iii ) $ extend the diffeomorphism averaging to the spin-web states and derive a large class of diffeomorphism invariant states and finally $ ( iv ) $ extend the 3-geometry operators and the Hamiltonian operator .
+3	This study was performed based on different choices of the $ 3 \times 3 $ mixing matrix selected in order to adjust the $ P_ { \nu_ { \mu } \to \nu_ { \mu } } $ to the same form it has for the decoherence solution in two generations .	Using the open quantum system approach applied to the neutrino system , we derive three generations neutrino probability formulae considering the oscillation induced by mass plus quantum decoherence contributions .	The introduction of these dissipative effects is done through the quantum dynamical semigroup formalism .	In addition to the theoretical interest of the approach , at least from the completeness point of view , this extension of the formalism to the three flavors , provide us with a direct application : we can analyze qualitatively the consistency of the two generation pure decoherence solution to the atmospheric neutrino problem , accommodated within this enlarged scheme , with the mean tendencies observed for some of the current neutrino experimental data .	Our qualitative tests for decoherence with three neutrinos show a clear incompatibility between neutrino data and the theoretical expectations .
+4	Via two state approximation , we also study the stochastic resonance ( SR ) of the impurities dynamics where the same noise source that induces the dynamics also induces the transition from mono-stable to bistable state which leads to SR in the presence of time varying field .	We investigate the dynamics of impurities walking along a semiconductor layer assisted by thermal noise of strength $ D $ and external harmonic potential $ V ( x ) $ .	Applying a nonhomogeneous hot temperature in the vicinity of the potential minimum may modify the external potential into a bistable effective potential .	We propose the ways of mobilizing and eradicating the unwanted impurities along the semiconductor layer .	Furthermore , the thermally activated rate of hopping for the impurities as a function of the model parameters is studied in high barrier limit .
+4	Our study reveals that the four detected SNRs all feature center-filled X-ray morphologies and that the observed emission from these sources is thermal in all cases .	( Abbreviated ) We present a study of the X-ray properties of five Galactic supernova remnants ( SNRs ) -- Kes 17 ( G304.6 $ + $ 0.1 ) , G311.5 $ - $ 0.3 , G346.6 $ - $ 0.2 , CTB 37A ( G348.5 $ + $ 0.1 ) and G348.5 $ - $ 0.0 -- that were detected in the infrared by Reach et al .	( 2006 ) in an analysis of data from the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire ( GLIMPSE ) that was conducted by the Spitzer Space Telescope .	We present and analyze archival ASCA observations of Kes 17 , G311.5 $ - $ 0.3 and G346.6 $ - $ 0.2 , archival XMM-Newton observations of Kes 17 , CTB 37A and G348.5 $ - $ 0.0 and an archival Chandra observation of CTB 37A .	All of the SNRs are clearly detected in the X-ray possibly except for G348.5 $ - $ 0.0 .
+2	This result is in good agreement with the observed velocity dispersion of 817+-80 km/s from cluster members .	We have detected the weak lensing signal induced by the cluster of galaxies MS 2053-04 ( z=0.58 ) from a two-colour mosaic of 6 HST WFPC2 images .	The best fit singular isothermal sphere model to the observed tangential distortion yields an Einstein radius r_E=6.2 '' +-1.8 '' , which corresponds to a velocity dispersion of 886^ { +121 } _ { -139 } km/s .	MS 2053 is the third cluster we studied using mosaics of deep WFPC2 images .	For all three clusters we find good agreement between dynamical and weak lensing velocity dispersions , in contrast to weak lensing studies based on single WFPC2 pointings on cluster cores .
+1	Namely , the angular size of the star with respect to the planet can limit the lowest altitude , or highest density and pressure , probed during primary eclipses , as no rays passing below this critical altitude can reach the observer .	Most models used to predict or fit exoplanet transmission spectra do not include all the effects of atmospheric refraction .	We discuss this geometrical effect of refraction for all exoplanets , and tabulate the critical altitude , density and pressure for an exoplanet identical to Earth with a 1 bar N2/O2 atmosphere , as a function of both the incident stellar flux ( Venus , Earth , and Mars-like ) at the top of the atmosphere , and the spectral type ( O5-M9 ) of the host star .	We show that such a habitable exo-Earth can be probed to a surface pressure of 1 bar only around the coolest stars .	We present 0.4-5.0 micron model transmission spectra of Earth 's atmosphere viewed as a transiting exoplanet , and show how atmospheric refraction modifies the transmission spectrum depending on the spectral type of the host star .
+2	Here we examine the relationship between X-ray luminosity and galaxy age for a sample of early-type galaxies .	The evolution in X-ray properties of early-type galaxies is largely unconstrained .	In particular , little is known about how , and if , remnants of mergers generate hot gas halos .	Comparing normalized X-ray luminosity to three different age indicators we find that L_X/L_B increases with age , suggesting an increase in X-ray halo mass with time after a galaxy 's last major star-formation episode .	The long-term nature of this trend , which appears to continue across the full age range of our sample , poses a challenge for many models of hot halo formation .
+0	Mediated photon-photon interactions are realized in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity coupled to a superconducting charge qubit .	These non-resonant interactions blockade the transmission of photons through the cavity .	This so-called dispersive photon blockade is characterized by measuring the total transmitted power while varying the energy spectrum of the photons incident on the cavity .	A staircase with four distinct steps is observed and can be understood in an analogy with electron transport and the Coulomb blockade in quantum dots .	This work differs from previous efforts in that the cavity-qubit excitations retain a photonic nature rather than a hybridization of qubit and photon and provides the needed tolerance to disorder for future condensed matter experiments .
+1	Our scheme is based on a crossed crystal configuration with collinear quasi-phase-matching .	We demonstrate a novel scheme for femto-second pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion in periodically poled KTP crystals .	The non-degenerate photon pairs are split in a fiber-based wavelength division multiplexer .	The source is easier to align than common pulsed sources based on bulk BBO crystals and exhibits high-quality polarization entanglement as well as non-classical interference capabilities .	Hence , we expect this source to be a well-suited candidate for multi-photon state generation e.g.for linear optical quantum computation and quantum communication networks .
+4	The main areas of weakness were seen to derive from deficiencies in tool support .	This paper considers how a formal mathematically-based model can be used in support of evolutionary software development , and in particular how such a model can be kept consistent with the implementation as it changes to meet new requirements .	A number of techniques are listed can make use of such a model to enhance the development process , and also ways to keep model and implementation consistent .	The effectiveness of these techniques is investigated through two case studies concerning the development of small e-business applications , a travel agent and a mortgage broker .	Some successes are reported , notably in the use of rapid throwaway modelling to investigate design alternatives , and also in the use of close team working and modelbased trace-checking to maintain synchronisation between model and implementation throughout the development .
+2	In this context , we extend previous works to include $ X $ -ray thermal emitting pulsars within the same evolutionary model as radio-pulsars .	Population synthesis studies constitute a powerful method to reconstruct the birth distribution of periods and magnetic fields of the pulsar population .	When this method is applied to populations in different wavelengths , it can break the degeneracy in the inferred properties of initial distributions that arises from single-band studies .	We find that the cumulative distribution of the number of X-ray pulsars can be well reproduced by several models that , simultaneously , reproduce the characteristics of the radio-pulsar distribution .	However , even considering the most favourable magneto-thermal evolution models with fast field decay , log-normal distributions of the initial magnetic field over-predict the number of visible sources with periods longer than 12 s. We then show that the problem can be solved with different distributions of magnetic field , such as a truncated log-normal distribution , or a binormal distribution with two distinct populations .
+0	We define the BPS invariants of Gopakumar-Vafa in the case of irreducible curve classes on Calabi-Yau 3-folds .	The main tools are the theory of stable pairs in the derived category and Behrend 's constructible function approach to the virtual class .	We prove that for irreducible classes the stable pairs generating function satisfies the strong BPS rationality conjectures .	We define the contribution of each curve to the BPS invariants .	A curve $ C $ only contributes to the BPS invariants in genera lying between the geometric genus and arithmetic genus of $ C $ .
+1	Tetrazoles are a peculiar class of heterocyclic compounds .	We propose a new type of surfactants , namely , tetrazole derivatives which can be controllably removed from the nanoparticle surface .	The presence of four nitrogen atoms in the tetrazole ring determines their interesting physical and chemical properties .	Tetrazoles show high thermal stability below 200C while decomposing at higher temperature with formation of gaseous products and no or very little solid residue .	Moreover , the tetrazole group is known as an important ligand in coordination chemistry .
+1	The considered action consists of the usual Einstein-Hilbert action plus all the terms quadratic in the curvature that reduce to the usual Gauss-Bonnet term for vanishing Weyl connection , i.e. , when only the Levi-Civita part of the connection is present .	In this paper we consider an extended Gauss-Bonnet gravity theory in arbitrary dimensions and in a space provided with a Weyl connection , which is torsionless but not metric-compatible , the non-metricity tensor being determined by a vector field .	We expand the action in terms of Riemannian quantities and obtain vector-tensor theories .	We find that all the free parameters only appear in the kinetic term of the vector field so that two branches are possible : one with a propagating vector field and another one where the vector field does not propagate .	We focus on the propagating case .
+0	In contrast to the network coding problem wherein the sinks in a network demand subsets of the source messages , in a network computation problem the sinks demand functions of the source messages .	Similarly , in the functional index coding problem , the side information and demands of the clients include disjoint sets of functions of the information messages held by the transmitter instead of disjoint subsets of the messages , as is the case in the conventional index coding problem .	It is known that any network coding problem can be transformed into an index coding problem and vice versa .	In this work , we establish a similar relationship between network computation problems and a class of functional index coding problems , viz. , those in which only the demands of the clients include functions of messages .	We show that any network computation problem can be converted into a functional index coding problem wherein some clients demand functions of messages and vice versa .
+1	The key assumptions of the family of population models in question are : non-overlapping generations , independent reproduction of particles within a generation , independent reproduction laws between generations .	This review paper presents the known results on the asymptotics of the survival probability and limit theorems conditioned on survival of critical and subcritical branching processes in IID random environments .	This is a biologically important generalization of the time inhomogeneous branching processes .	The assumption of IID ( independent and identically distributed ) random environments reflects uncertainty in the future ( as well as historical ) reproduction regimes in actual populations .	This review focusses on a particular range of questions of prime interest for the authors .
+2	These shells can later collide and , like Type IIn supernovae , produce superluminous events in the UV at high redshifts that could be detected in the near infrared today .	Population III supernovae have been the focus of growing attention because of their potential to directly probe the properties of the first stars , particularly the most energetic events that can be seen at the edge of the observable universe .	But until now pair-pulsation supernovae , in which explosive thermonuclear burning in massive stars fails to unbind them but can eject their outer layers into space , have been overlooked as cosmic beacons at the earliest redshifts .	We present numerical simulations of a 110 M $ _ { \odot } $ pair-pulsation explosion done with the Los Alamos radiation hydrodynamics code RAGE .	We find that collisions between consecutive pair pulsations are visible in the near infrared out to z $ \sim $ 15 - 20 and can probe the earliest stellar populations at cosmic dawn .
+0	Hoffman proved that for a simple graph $ G $ , the chromatic number $ \chi ( G ) $ obeys $ \chi ( G ) \le 1 - \frac { \lambda_1 } { \lambda_ { n } } $ where $ \lambda_1 $ and $ \lambda_n $ are the maximal and minimal eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $ G $ respectively .	Lov\'asz later showed that $ \chi ( G ) \le 1 - \frac { \lambda_1 } { \lambda_ { n } } $ for any ( perhaps negatively ) weighted adjacency matrix .	In this paper , we give a probabilistic proof of Lov\'asz 's theorem , then extend the technique to derive generalizations of Hoffman 's theorem when allowed a certain proportion of edge-conflicts .	Using this result , we show that if a 3-uniform hypergraph is 2-colorable , then $ \bar d \le -\frac { 3 } { 2 } \lambda_ { \min } $ where $ \bar d $ is the average degree and $ \lambda_ { \min } $ is the minimal eigenvalue of the underlying graph .	We generalize this further for $ k $ -uniform hypergraphs , for the cases $ k=4 $ and $ 5 $ , by considering several variants of the underlying graph .
+1	We address different magnetogenesis scenarios such as inflation , electroweak and QCD phase transitions magnetogenesis .	In this presentation we summarize our previous results concerning the evolution of primordial magnetic fields with and without helicity during the expansion of the Universe .	A high Reynolds number in the early Universe ensures strong coupling between magnetic field and fluid motions .	After generation the subsequent dynamics of the magnetic field is governed by decaying hydromagnetic turbulence .	We claim that primordial magnetic fields can be considered as a seeds for observed magnetic fields in galaxies and clusters .
+2	Accurate localization of the gamma-ray production site ( s ) coincide with the solar active region from which X-ray emissions associated with these flares originated .	The Fermi Large Area Telescope ( LAT ) observed two bright X-class solar flares on 2012 March 7 , and detected gamma-rays up to 4 GeV .	We detected gamma-rays both during the impulsive and temporally-extended emission phases , with emission above 100 MeV lasting for approximately 20 hours .	Our analysis of the & gt ; 100 MeV gamma-ray emission shows a relatively rapid monotonic decrease in flux during the first hour of the impulsive phase , and a much slower , almost monotonic decrease in flux for the next 20 hours .	The spectra can be adequately described by a power law with a high energy exponential cutoff , or as resulting from the decay of neutral pions produced by accelerated protons and ions with an isotropic power-law energy distribution .
+2	LIDAR provides a range-resolved atmospheric backscatter profile from which the extinction of Cherenkov light from air shower events can be estimated .	A new method for analyzing the returns of the custom-made 'micro'-LIDAR system , which is operated along with the two MAGIC telescopes , allows to apply atmospheric corrections in the MAGIC data analysis chain .	Such corrections make it possible to extend the effective observation time of MAGIC under adverse atmospheric conditions and reduce the systematic errors of energy and flux in the data analysis .	Knowledge of the extinction can allow to reconstruct the true image parameters , including energy and flux .	Our final goal is to recover the source-intrinsic energy spectrum also for data affected by atmospheric extinction from aerosol layers , such as clouds .
+1	Our results are comparable with the ones from potential models .	We consider the ratios of doubly heavy baryon masses using Double Ratios of Sum Rules ( DRSR ) , which are more accurate than the usual simple ratios used for getting hadron masses .	The Xi^*_ { QQ } -Xi_ { QQ } splittings seem to behave like 1/M_Q and can only allow the electromagnetic decay Xi^*_ { QQ } to Xi_ { QQ } +gamma but not to Xi_ { QQ } + pi .	Our results also show that the SU ( 3 ) mass-splittings are ( almost ) independent of the spin of the baryons and behave approximately like 1/M_Q , which could be understood from the QCD expressions of the corresponding two-point correlator .	Our results can improved by including radiative corrections to the SU ( 3 ) breaking terms and can be tested , in the near future , at Tevatron and LHCb .
+3	Most significantly , a large fraction of variable stars with strong 9.7 micron emission features show clear spectral profile changes which repeat from one cycle to the next .	New multi-epoch , mid-infrared ( 8-13 microns ) spectrophotometric observations are presented for 30~late-type stars .	The observations were collected over a four year period ( 1994-1997 ) , permitting an investigation of the mid-infrared spectral shape as a function of the pulsation cycle ( typically 1-2 years ) .	The spectra of stars with little excess infrared emission and those with carbon-rich dust show the least spectral variability , while stars with evidence for dusty , oxygen-rich envelopes are most likely to show discernible variations in their spectral profile .	The significant sharpening of the silicate feature near maximum light can not be fully explained by heating and cooling of the circumstellar dust shell during the pulsational cycle , suggesting that the dust optical properties themselves must also be varying .
+2	The key to the problem is the calculation of ranks of matrices over polynomial rings .	Translated into the language of representations of quivers , a challenge in matrix pencil theory is to find sufficient and necessary conditions for a Kronecker representation to be a subfactor of another Kronecker representation in terms of their Kronecker invariants .	The problem is reduced to a numerical criterion for a Kronecker representation to be a subrepresentation of another Kronecker representation in terms of their Kronecker invariants .	For this , a generalization and specialization approach is introduced .	This approach is applied to provide a numerical criterion for a preprojective ( resp .
+3	The new instrument is inexpensive to construct and simple to operate , readily allowing it to be used in schools as well as at the undergraduate University level .	Electricity in the atmosphere provides an ideal topic for educational outreach in environmental science .	To support this objective , a simple instrument to measure real atmospheric electrical parameters has been developed and its performance evaluated .	This project compliments educational activities undertaken by the Coupling of Atmospheric Layers ( CAL ) European research collaboration .	It is suited to students at a variety of different educational levels , as the results can be analysed with different levels of sophistication .
+1	The films are perforated with a nanohoneycomb array of holes to form a multiply connected geometry and subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field .	We present investigations of the superconductor to insulator transition ( SIT ) of uniform a-Bi films using a technique sensitive to Cooper pair phase coherence .	Film magnetoresistances on the superconducting side of the SIT oscillate with a period dictated by the superconducting flux quantum and the areal hole density .	The oscillations disappear close to the SIT critical point to leave a monotonically rising magnetoresistance that persists in the insulating phase .	These observations indicate that the Cooper pair phase coherence length , which is infinite in the superconducting phase , collapses to a value less than the interhole spacing at this SIT .
+2	In this work , we develop and use a framework to integrate the angular diameter and luminosity distances in the general Szekeres models .	The Szekeres inhomogeneous models can be used to model the true lumpy universe that we observe .	This family of exact solutions to Einstein 's equations was originally derived with a general metric that has no symmetries .	We use the affine null geodesic equations in order to derive a set of first-order ordinary differential equations that can be integrated numerically to calculate the partial derivatives of the null vector components .	These equations allow the integration in all generality of the distances in the Szekeres models and some examples are given .
+0	The double-exchange model for the Mn oxides with orbital degeneracy is studied with including on-site Coulomb repulsion , Jahn-Teller ( J-T ) coupling and doping-induced disorder .	In the strong interaction limit , it is mapped onto a single-band Anderson model , in which all scattering mechanisms can be treated on an equal footing .	A sharp rise in the mean square fluctuation of lattice distortions is found near the Curie temperature $ T_c $ , in agreement with experiments .	We show that the spin and J-T disorders lead to a metal-insulator transition ( MIT ) only at low carrier density .	The MIT observed in samples with $ 0.2\leq x & lt ; 0.5 $ can be explained by further including the disorder effect of cation size mismatch .
+1	Starting from the energy-mass relation of Einstein 's special relativity and using this concept , the unified equations for gravitation and electromagnetism are derived .	The model is based on a concept of cross-correlating material unit-fields .	For strong fields and relativistic particles , the unified model yields new predictions compared to the Einstein gravity and Maxwell-Lorentz electromagnetism .	The model explains physical nature of the spin and anomalous gyromagnetic factor of an electron , as well as the Pauli exclusion principle .	The cross-correlation of gravitational and electric potentials predicts the existence of `` antigravitational '' forces .
+3	For the infinite LD model , we derive a closed , self-consistent system of mean-field equations involving only two variables .	We solve the problem of exact minimization of the Lawrence-Doniach ( LD ) free-energy functional in parallel magnetic fields .	We consider both the infinite in the layering direction case ( the infinite LD model ) and the finite one ( the finite LD model ) .	We prove that , contrary to a prevailing view , the infinite LD model does not admit solutions in the form of isolated Josephson vortices .	Exact solutions to these equations prove simultaneous penetration of Josephson vortices into all the barriers , accompanied by oscillations and jumps of the magnetization , and yield a completely new expression for the lower critical field .
+2	The logarithm of this polynomial has an interpretation of a potential which generates a Burgers dynamics in quaternionic space .	Following our recent letter , we study in detail an entry-wise diffusion of non-hermitian complex matrices .	We obtain an exact partial differential equation ( valid for any matrix size $ N $ and arbitrary initial conditions ) for evolution of the averaged extended characteristic polynomial .	The dynamics of the ensemble in the large $ N $ is completely determined by the coevolution of the spectral density and a certain eigenvector correlation function .	This coevolution is best visible in an electrostatic potential of a quaternionic argument built of two complex variables , the first of which governs standard spectral properties while the second unravels the hidden dynamics of eigenvector correlation function .
+4	We estimate using both analytical and numerical methods how scattering and mode mixing -- - which tend to lift the level degeneracy at the Fermi energy -- - effect the giant oscillations .	We consider the conductance of an Andreev interferometer , i.e. , a hybrid structure where a dissipative current flows through a mesoscopic normal ( N ) sample in contact with two superconducting ( S ) `` mirrors '' .	Giant conductance oscillations are predicted if the superconducting phase difference $ \phi $ is varied .	Conductance maxima appear when $ \phi $ is on odd multiple of $ \pi $ due to a bunching at the Fermi energy of quasiparticle energy levels formed by Andreev reflections at the N-S boundaries .	For a ballistic normal sample the oscillation amplitude is giant and proportional to the number of open transverse modes .
+4	In particular , we show that some restrictions he found for reversible computation on alphabets of order 2 do not apply for odd order alphabets .	We generalise clones , which are sets of functions $ f : A^n \rightarrow A $ , to sets of mappings $ f : A^n \rightarrow A^m $ .	We formalise this and develop language that we can use to speak about it .	We then look at bijective mappings , which have connections to reversible computation , which is important for physical ( e.g.quantum computation ) as well as engineering ( e.g.heat dissipation ) reasons .	We generalise Toffoli 's seminal work on reversible computation to arbitrary arity logics .
+4	With our attack we give some statistical evidence that the set of AES- $ 128 $ encryptions acts on the message space in a way significantly different than that of the set of random permutations acting on the same space .	The Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) is widely recognized as the most important block cipher in common use nowadays .	This high assurance in AES is given by its resistance to ten years of extensive cryptanalysis , that has shown no weakness , not even any deviation from the statistical behaviour expected from a random permutation .	Only reduced versions of the ciphers have been broken , but they are not usually implemented .	In this paper we build a distinguishing attack on the AES , exploiting the properties of a novel cipher embedding .
+3	The modulation of the laser light during passage of the electron beam was observed using a photodiode with 45GHz bandwidth .	We have made the first observation of a charged particle beam by means of its electro-optical effect on the propagation of laser light in a birefringent crystal at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility .	Polarized infrared light was coupled to a LiNbO3 crystal through a polarization maintaining fiber of 4 micron diameter .	An electron beam in 10ps bunches of 1mm diameter was scanned across the crystal .	The fastest rise time measured , 120ps , was made in the single shot mode and was limited by the bandwidth of the oscilloscope and the associated electronics .
+4	Furthermore , we investigate the general conditions that distinguish these different gauge theories with the same ( toric ) moduli space .	Harnessing the unimodular degree of freedom in the definition of any toric diagram , we present a method of constructing inequivalent gauge theories which are world-volume theories of D-branes probing the same toric singularity .	These theories are various phases in partial resolution of Abelian orbifolds .	As examples , two phases are constructed for both the zeroth Hirzebruch and the second del Pezzo surfaces .	We show that such a phenomenon is a special case of `` Toric Duality '' proposed in hep-th/0003085 .
+0	Ramanujacharyulu 's ( 1964 ) Power-Weakness Ratio ( PWR ) measures impact by recursively multiplying the citation matrix by itself until convergence is reached in both the cited and citing dimensions ; the quotient of these values is defined as PWR , whereby `` cited '' is considered as power and `` citing '' as weakness .	Analytically , PWR is an attractive candidate for measuring journal impact because of its symmetrical handling of the rows and columns in the asymmetrical citation matrix , its recursive algorithm , and its mathematical elegance .	In this study , PWR is discussed and critically assessed in relation to other size-independent recursive metrics .	A test using the set of 83 journals in `` information and library science '' ( according to the Web-of-Science categorization ) converged , but did not provide interpretable results .	Further decomposition of this set into homogeneous sub-graphs shows that -- like most other journal indicators -- PWR can perhaps be used within homogeneous sets , but not across citation communities .
+0	This publication introduces A State Space Exploration Tool that is based on representing the model under verification as a piece of C++ code that obeys certain conventions .	Its name is ASSET .	Model checking takes place by compiling the model and the tool together , and executing the result .	This approach facilitates very fast execution of the transitions of the model .	On the other hand , the use of stubborn sets and symmetries requires that either the modeller or a preprocessor tool analyses the model at a syntactic level and expresses stubborn set obligation rules and the symmetry mapping as suitable C++ functions .
+3	General arguments are given supporting the notion that the deconfinement transition in the center vortex picture takes the guise of a percolation transition .	By fixing lattice Yang-Mills configurations to the maximal center gauge and subsequently applying the technique of center projection , one can identify center vortices in these configurations .	Recently , center vortices have been shown to determine the string tension between static quarks at finite temperatures ( center dominance ) ; also , they correctly reproduce the deconfining transition to a phase with vanishing string tension .	After verifying center dominance also for the so-called spatial string tension , the present analysis focuses on the global topology of vortex networks .	This transition is detected in Monte Carlo experiments by concentrating on various slices through the closed vortex surfaces ; these slices , representing loops in lattice universes reduced by one dimension , clearly exhibit the expected transition from a percolating to a non-percolating , deconfined , phase .
+1	The HCO+ line profile has a classic blue-asymmetric shape with the optically thin H13CO+ line peaking at the position expected if the HCO+ line arises from a combination of self-absorption and infall motion .	We present an analysis of HCO+ ( J=3-2 ) and H13CO+ ( J=3-2 ) observations of the massive ( M ~ 20 Msun ) submm/IR source IRAS 01202+6133 located on the periphery of the HII region KR 120 ( Sh 2-187 ) .	We have modified existing analytic radiative transfer models to allow for the fitting of submm/mm line profiles that have both self-absorption features and optically thin wings and applied these models to our HCO+ spectrum of IRAS 01202+6133 .	We conclude that it is a young Class I YSO with a substantial envelope undergoing slow infall and having some outflow motions .	The young age of the HII region rules out a `` collect and collapse '' scenario .
+3	In particular , we determine the properties of the resulting spiral density wake as a function of the mass , orbital distance , and velocity of the object as well as the wind velocity and its sound velocity .	Beyond the main sequence solar type stars undergo extensive mass loss , providing an environment where planet and brown dwarf companions interact with the surrounding material .	To examine the interaction of substellar mass objects embedded in the stellar wind of an asymptotic giant branch ( AGB ) star , three dimensional hydrodynamical simulations at high resolution have been calculated utilizing the FLASH adaptive mesh refinement code .	Attention is focused on the perturbation of the substellar mass objects on the morphology of the outflowing circumstellar matter .	Our results suggest that future observations of the spiral pattern may place important constraints on the properties of the unseen low mass companion in the outflowing stellar wind .
+3	There is typically a ~1 % chance that an optical afterglow will coincide with a galaxy by chance .	Studies of GRB host galaxies are crucial to understanding GRBs .	However , since they are identified by the superposition in the plane of the sky of a GRB afterglow and a galaxy there is always a possibility that an association represents a chance alignment , rather than a physical connection .	We examine a uniform sample of 72 GRB fields to explore the probability of chance superpositions .	While spurious host galaxy detections will , therefore , be rare , the possibility must be considered when examining individual GRB/host galaxy examples .
+0	We have obtained high-resolution , high signal-to-noise spectra for 899 F and G dwarf stars in the Solar neighbourhood .	The stars were selected on the basis of their kinematic properties to trace the thin and thick discs , the Hercules stream , and the metal-rich stellar halo .	A significant number of stars with kinematic properties 'in between ' the thin and thick discs were also observed in order to in greater detail investigate the dichotomy of the Galactic disc .	All stars have been homogeneously analysed , using the exact same methods , atomic data , model atmospheres , etc. , and also truly differentially to the Sun .	Hence , the sample is likely to be free from internal errors , allowing us to , in a multi-dimensional space consisting of detailed elemental abundances , stellar ages , and the full three-dimensional space velocities , reveal very small differences between the stellar populations .
+4	The ionization is high , in the range logxi~3-6 erg s^ { -1 } cm , and also the associated column densities are large , in the interval ~10^ { 22 } -10^ { 24 } cm^ { -2 } .	X-ray evidence for ultra-fast outflows ( UFOs ) has been recently reported in a number of local AGNs through the detection of blue-shifted Fe XXV/XXVI absorption lines .	We present the results of a comprehensive spectral analysis of a large sample of 42 local Seyferts and 5 Broad-Line Radio Galaxies ( BLRGs ) observed with XMM-Newton and Suzaku .	We detect UFOs in & gt ; 40 % of the sources .	Their outflow velocities are in the range 0.03-0.3c , with a mean value of ~0.14c .
+0	We present the ellipticity distribution and its evolution for early-type galaxies in clusters from z~0.8 to z~0 , based on the WIde-field Nearby Galaxy-cluster Survey ( WINGS ) ( 0.04 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.07 ) , and the ESO Distant Cluster Survey ( EDisCS ) ( 0.4 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.8 ) .	We first investigate a mass limited sample and we find that , above a fixed mass limit , the ellipticity distribution of early-types noticeably evolves with redshift .	In the local Universe there are proportionally more galaxies with higher ellipticity , hence flatter , than in distant clusters .	This evolution is due partly to the change of the mass distribution and mainly to the change of the morphological mix with z ( among the early types , the fraction of ellipticals goes from ~70 % at high to ~40 % at low-z ) .	Analyzing separately the ellipticity distribution of the different morphological types , we find no evolution both for ellipticals and S0s .
+3	Two energy differences ( `` domain wall energies '' ) appear , $ \Delta E^ { AP } $ and $ \Delta E^R $ , whose scaling behavior with system size is nontrivially related to the correlation length exponents .	This is an analytic study of the two-dimensional XY spin glass with $ \pm J $ disorder .	The Hamiltonian has a continuous spin symmetry and a discrete chiral symmetry , and therefore possesses , potentially , two different order parameters and correlation lengths .	The cost of breaking the symmetries is probed by comparing the ground state energy under periodic ( P ) boundary conditions with the one under antiperiodic ( AP ) and under reflecting ( R ) boundary conditions .	For a specific distribution of the $ \pm J $ disorder we show that the chiral and spin correlation lengths diverge with the same exponent as $ T\downarrow 0 $ .
+4	The scalability implications of alternative approaches for requirements formalization are also investigated theoretically from a computational complexity perspective for the requirements in our case study , and a broader investigation is proposed as further research .	The emergence of the Industrial Internet results in an increasing number of complex temporal interdependencies between automation systems and the processes to be controlled .	There is a need for verification methods that scale better than formal verification methods and which are more rigorous than testing .	Simulation-based runtime verification is proposed as such a method , and an application of metric temporal logic is presented as a contribution over the state-of-the-art work by the Modelica community , which is based on linear temporal logic that can not capture several kinds of requirements that occur frequently in industrial process control systems .	The practical scalability of the proposed approach is validated against a production process designed by an industrial partner , resulting in the discovery of several requirement violations .
+1	These operators have been implicitly used in continual theories of nematic liquid crystals and weakly elastic nematic elastomers .	This first part of the paper develops algebraic theory of linear anisotropic , six-parametric nematic `` N-operators '' build up on the additive group of traceless second rank 3D tensors .	It is shown that there exists a noncommutative , multiplicative group N6 of N-operators build up on a manifold in 6D space of parameters .	Positive N-operators , which in physical applications holds thermodynamic stability constraints , form a subgroup of group N6 on a more complicated manifold in parametric space .	A three-parametric , commutative transversal-isotropic subgroup S3 & lt ; N6 of positive symmetric nematic operators is also briefly discussed .
+3	By monitoring the two-times roughness and dynamic wandering we identify and characterize finite-size effects that are similar , though more complex , than the ones found in the stationary roughness of clean interface dynamics .	We study the relaxation dynamics of flux lines in dirty high-temperature superconductors using numerical simulations of a London-Langevin model of the interacting vortex lines .	By analysing the equilibrium dynamics in the vortex liquid phase we find a dynamic crossover to a glassy non-equilibrium regime .	We then focus on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the vortex glass phase using tools that are common in the study of other glassy systems .	The two-times density-density correlation and mean-squared-displacement correlation age and their temporal scaling follows a multiplicative law similar to the one found at criticality .
+2	Configurations with fixed transverse separations are interaction eigenstates for pp scattering .	In the target rest frame and at high energies , Drell-Yan ( DY ) dilepton production looks like bremsstrahlung of massive photons , rather than parton annihilation .	The projectile quark is decomposed into a series of Fock states .	The DY cross section can then be expressed in terms of the same color dipole cross section as DIS .	This approach is especially suitable to describe nuclear effects , since it allows to apply Glauber multiple scattering theory .
+4	In the $ SU ( N ) $ case , we obtain the duality which follows from un-gauging the $ U ( N ) $ Kim-Park duality .	We study the Seiberg dualities with an adjoint matter for the $ U ( N ) $ and $ SU ( N ) $ gauge groups in three- and four-dimensions with four supercharges .	The relation between three- and four-dimensional dualities is investigated .	We especially derive the three-dimensional duality from four-dimensional one by the dimensional reduction including the non-perturbative effect of the $ \mathbb { S } ^1 $ -compactification .	In the $ U ( N ) $ case , we obtain the Kim-Park duality , which is known as a generalization of the Aharony duality including an adjoint matter .
+0	The ferrimagnetic Heusler compound Mn2VGa is predicted to have a pseudogap in the majority spin channel , which should lead to a negative tunnel magnetoresistance .	We synthesized epitaxial Mn2VGa thin films on MgO ( 001 ) substrates by dc and rf magnetron co-sputtering , resulting in nearly stoichiometric films .	XRD analysis revealed a mostly B2-ordered structure for the films deposited at substrate temperatures of 350 { \deg } C , 450 { \deg } C , and 550 { \deg } C. Magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barrier and CoFe counter-electrodes were fabricated .	After post-annealing at up to T_a=425 { \deg } C negative TMR was obtained around zero bias , providing evidence for the inverted spin-polarization .	Band structures of both electrodes were computed within the coherent potential approximation and used to calculate the TMR ( V ) characteristics , which are in good agreement with our experimental findings .
+1	The nuclear break-up leading to the emission of a neutron at large angle in the laboratory frame is identified with the towing mode through its characteristic n-fragment correlation .	The break-up of 11Be was studied at 41AMeV using a secondary beam of 11Be from the GANIL facility on a 48Ti target by measuring correlations between the 10Be core , the emitted neutrons and gamma rays .	The experimental spectra are compared with a model where the time dependent Schrodinger equation ( TDSE ) is solved for the neutron initially in the 11 Be .	A good agreement is found between experiment and theory for the shapes of neutron experimental energies and angular distributions .	The spectroscopic factor of the 2s orbital is tentatively extracted to be 0.46+-0.15 .
+2	In binary systems , mass transfer to the companion provides the extraordinary mass loss required for their formation .	Hot subdwarf B stars ( sdBs ) are evolved core helium-burning stars with very thin hydrogen envelopes .	In order to form an sdB , the progenitor has to lose almost all of its hydrogen envelope right at the tip of the red giant branch .	However , apparently single sdBs exist as well and their formation is unclear since decades .	The merger of helium white dwarfs leading to an ignition of core helium-burning or the merger of a helium core and a low mass star during the common envelope phase have been proposed .
+1	I fit the Hipparcos B_T and V_T magnitudes along with the 2MASS J , H , and K magnitudes of Tycho-2 catalog-stars with stellar spectral templates .	Photometric calibration to 5 % accuracy is frequently needed at arbitrary celestial locations ; however , existing all-sky astronomical catalogs do not reach this accuracy and time consuming photometric calibration procedures are required .	From the best fit spectral template derived for each star , I calculate the synthetic SDSS griz magnitudes and constructed an all-sky catalog of griz magnitudes for bright stars ( V & lt ; 12 ) .	Testing this method on SDSS photometric telescope observations , I find that the photometric accuracy for a single star is usually about 0.12 , 0.12 , 0.10 and 0.08 mag ( 1 sigma ) , for the g , r , i , and z-bands , respectively .	However , by using ~10 such stars , the typical errors per calibrated field ( systematic + statistical ) can be reduced to about 0.04 , 0.03 , 0.02 , and 0.02 , mag , in the g , r , i , and z-bands , respectively .
+2	Ideally , the results would indicate the use of micro cavitation as a more efficient alternative to underwater vehicle depth control than the conventional ballast tank method .	To further understand their nature , micro cavitation bubbles were systematically diffused around the exterior of a test body ( tube ) fully submerged in a water tank .	The primary purpose was to assess the feasibility of applying micro cavitation as a means of depth control for underwater vehicles , mainly but not limited to submarines .	The current approach utilizes the Archimedes ' principle of buoyancy to alter the density of the object affected , making it less than , or greater than the density of the surrounding fluid .	However , this process is too slow for underwater vehicles to react to sudden obstacles inherent in their environment .
+3	Following previous work on Bayesian lassos we consider the estimation of tuning parameters through either hierarchical Bayes based on hyperpriors and Gibbs sampling or through empirical Bayes based on maximizing the marginal likelihood using a Monte Carlo EM algorithm .	We investigate the choice of tuning parameters for a Bayesian multi-level group lasso model developed for the joint analysis of neuroimaging and genetic data .	The regression model we consider relates multivariate phenotypes consisting of brain summary measures ( volumetric and cortical thickness values ) to single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNPs ) data and imposes penalization at two nested levels , the first corresponding to genes and the second corresponding to SNPs .	Associated with each level in the penalty is a tuning parameter which corresponds to a hyperparameter in the hierarchical Bayesian formulation .	For the specific model under consideration we find that these approaches can lead to severe overshrinkage of the regression parameter estimates in the high-dimensional setting or when the genetic effects are weak .
+3	Under the assumption to fit the observed HXR emission , we find that the high-E electrons induce various consequences on the cluster atmosphere : i ) primary electrons can be marginally consistent with the data provided that their spectrum is cutoff at E~30 ( 90 ) MeV for spectral index of 3.5 ( 4.4 ) ; ii ) secondary electron models from pp collisions are inconsistent with gamma-ray limits , cosmic ray protons produce too much heating of the IC gas and their pressure at the cluster center largely exceeds the thermal one ; iii ) secondary electron models from DM annihilation are inconsistent with gamma-ray and radio limits and electrons produce too much heating of the IC gas at the cluster center , unless the neutralino annihilation cross section is much lower than the proposed value .	( Abridged ) High-E electrons produce Hard X-Ray ( HXR ) emission in galaxy clusters by via Inverse Compton Scattering ( ICS ) of CMB photons .	We derive the ICS HXR emission of Ophiuchus under various scenarios : primary cosmic ray model , secondary cosmic rays model and neutralino DM annihilation scenario .	We further discuss the predictions of the Warming Ray model for the cluster atmosphere .	We conclude that ICS by secondary electrons from both neutralino DM annihilation and pp collisions can not be the mechanism responsible for the HXR excess emission ; primary electrons are still a marginally viable solution provided that their spectrum has a low-energy cutoff at E~30-90 MeV .
+3	These solutions are extended from those in our previous work ( Takahashi , Asano , & amp ; Matsumoto 2009 ) by taking into account discontinuities such as the contact discontinuity and the shock .	We obtained self-similar solutions of relativistically expanding magnetic loops by assuming axisymmetry and a purely radial flow .	The stellar rotation and the magnetic fields in the ambient plasma are neglected .	We include the Newtonian gravity of the central star .	The global plasma flow consists of three regions , the outflowing region , the post shocked region , and the ambient plasma .
+4	representing `stringy cosmic strings ' .	Following an old result of Marcus and Schwarz we argue that in the heterotic string theory compactified on a seven dimensional torus , the target space duality group O ( 7,23 ; Z ) and the strong-weak coupling duality transformations combine into the group O ( 8,24 ; Z ) .	We discuss symmetry of the combined spectrum of elementary particles and solitons in the theory , and also show that the existence of this symmetry predicts the number of harmonic forms on the moduli space of periodic arrays of BPS monopoles in ( 3+1 ) dimensions .	Finally , we show that the O ( 8,24 ; Z ) transformations relate the soliton solutions of Dabholkar et.al .	representing the fundamental string to the soliton solutions of Greene et.al .
+3	Mergers involving larger objects should have been rare , and this pinpoints m/M = 0.1 mass-ratio mergers as the most worrying ones for the survival of thin galactic disks .	Disk galaxies are common in our universe and this is a source of concern for hierarchical formation models like LCDM .	Here we investigate this issue as motivated by raw merger statistics derived for galaxy-size dark matter halos from LCDM simulations .	Our analysis shows that a majority ( ~70 % ) of galaxy halos with M = 10^12 M_sun at z=0 should have accreted at least one object with mass m & gt ; 10^11 M_sun ~ 3 M_disk over the last 10 Gyr .	Motivated by these results , we use use high-resolution , dissipationless N-body simulations to study the response of stellar Milky-Way type disks to these common mergers and show that thin disks do not survive the bombardment .
+2	In particular , the contribution of the superradiant modes to the entropy is negative .	Entropy of the Kerr-Newman black hole is calculated via the brick wall method with maintaining careful attention to the contribution of superradiant scalar modes .	It turns out that the nonsuperradinat and superradiant modes simultaneously contribute to the entropy with the same order in terms of the brick wall cutoff $ \epsilon $ .	To avoid divergency in this method when the angular velocity tends to zero , we propose to intr oduce a lower bound of angular velocity and to treat the case of the angular momentum per unit mass $ a=0 $ separately .	Moreover , from the lower bound of the angular velocity , we obtain the $ \theta $ -dependence structure of the brick wall cutoff , which natu rally requires an angular cutoff $ \delta $ .
+3	The equivalence of this symmetry breaking phase with a particular choice of a boundary condition basis vector , which is used in the quasi-realistic models , is demonstrated in several cases .	E6 grand unification combines the Standard Model matter and Higgs states in the single 27 representation .	I discuss how the E6 structure underlies the quasi-realistic free fermion heterotic-string models .	E6 - & gt ; SO ( 10 ) X U ( 1 ) breaking is obtained by a GSO phase in the N=1 partition function .	As a result matter states in the spinorial 16 representation of SO ( 10 ) arise from the twisted sectors , whereas the Higgs states arise from the untwisted sector .
+3	The close relationship between magnetism and superconductivity is discussed based on these experimental observations .	The presence of macroscopic phase separation into superconducting and magnetic phases in LaFeAsO $ _ { 1-x } $ F $ _x $ ( LFAOF ) and CaFe $ _ { 1-x } $ Co $ _x $ AsF ( CFCAF ) is demonstrated by muon spin rotation ( muSR ) measurement across their phase boundaries ( $ x=0.06 $ for LFAOF and $ x=0.075 $ -- 0.15 for CFCAF ) .	In LFAOF , both magnetism and superconductivity develop simultaneously below a common critical temperature , $ T_m =~ T_c =~ 18 $ K , where the magnetism is characterized by strong randomness .	A similar , but more distinct segregation of these two phases is observed in CFCAF , where the magnetic phase retains $ T_m $ as close to that of the parent compound ( $ T_c & lt ; & lt ; T_m =~ 80 $ -- 120 K ) and the superconducting volume fraction is proportional to the Co content $ x $ .	Concerning superconducting phase , an assessment is made on the anisotropy of order parameter in the superconducting state of LFAOF , CFCAF , and Ba $ _ { 1-x } $ K $ _x $ Fe $ _2 $ As $ _2 $ ( BKFA , $ x=0.4 $ ) based on the temperature dependence of superfluid density [ $ n_s ( T ) $ ] measured by muSR .
+3	These calculations are here extended to the nonaxisymmetric case under thin-disk approximation , which allows for a detailed investigation into the process of fragmentation , fundamental to binary , multiple system , and cluster formation .	Isolated low-mass stars are formed in dense cores of molecular clouds .	In the standard picture , the cores are envisioned to condense out of strongly magnetized clouds through ambipolar diffusion .	Most previous calculations based on this scenario are limited to axisymmetric cloud evolution leading to a single core , which collapses to form an isolated star or stellar system at the center .	We have shown previously that initially axisymmetric , magnetically subcritical clouds with an $ m=2 $ density perturbation of modest fractional amplitude ( $ \sim 5 % $ ) can develop highly elongated bars , which facilitate binary and multiple system formation .
+2	Within a given series , flexural modes are not strongly correlated .	A set of 55 clarinet reeds is observed by holography , collecting 2 series of measurements made under 2 different moisture contents , from which the resonance frequencies of the 15 first modes are deduced .	A statistical analysis of the results reveals good correlations , but also significant differences between both series .	A Principal Component Analysis ( PCA ) shows that the measurements of each series can be described with 3 factors capturing more than $ 90\ % $ of the variance : the first is linked with transverse modes , the second with flexural modes of high order and the third with the first flexural mode .	A forth factor is necessary to take into account the individual sensitivity to moisture content .
+0	The interlayer magnetoresistance of layered metals in a tilted magnetic field is calculated for two distinct models for the interlayer transport .	The first model involves coherent interlayer transport and makes use of results of semi-classical or Bloch-Boltzmann transport theory .	The second model involves weakly incoherent interlayer transport where the electron is scattered many times within a layer before tunneling into the next layer .	The results are relevant to the interpretation of experiments on angular-dependent magnetoresistance oscillations ( AMRO ) in quasi-one- and quasi-two-dimensional metals .	We find that the dependence of the magnetoresistance on the direction of the magnetic field is identical for both models except when the field is almost parallel to the layers .
+0	We use data for faint ( M_B & gt ; -14.5 ) dwarf irregular galaxies drawn from the FIGGS survey to study the correlation between the atomic gas density ( Sigma_gas , atomic ) and star formation rate ( Sigma_SFR ) in the galaxies .	The estimated gas phase metallicity of our sample galaxies is Z ~ 0.1 Z_sun .	Understanding star formation in such molecule poor gas is of particular importance since it is likely to be of direct relevance to simulations of early galaxy formation .	For about 20 % ( 9/43 ) of our sample galaxies , we find that the HI distribution is significantly disturbed , with little correspondence between the optical and HI distributions .	We exclude these galaxies from the comparison .
+0	We extend Robust Optimization to fractional programming , where both the objective and the constraints contain uncertain parameters .	Earlier work did not consider uncertainty in both the objective and the constraints , or did not use Robust Optimization .	Our contribution is threefold .	First , we provide conditions to guarantee that either a globally optimal solution , or a sequence converging to the globally optimal solution , can be found by solving one or more convex optimization problems .	Second , we identify two cases for which an exact solution can be obtained by solving a single optimization problem : ( 1 ) when uncertainty in the numerator is independent from the uncertainty in the denominator , and ( 2 ) when the denominator does not contain an optimization variable .
+3	The top-bottom quark mass splitting turns out to be intimately connected to the breaking of the left-right gauge symmetry .	We discuss the mass splitting between the the top and bottom quarks in a technicolor scenario .	The model proposed here contains a left-right electroweak gauge group .	An extended technicolor group and mirror fermions are introduced .	Weak isospin violation occurs within the experimental limits .
+4	The close environments of high-mass YSOs show strong far-IR emission from molecules , atoms , and ions .	( Abridged ) We study the response of the gas to energetic processes associated with high-mass star formation and compare it with studies on low- and intermediate-mass young stellar objects ( YSOs ) using the same methods .	The far-IR line emission and absorption of CO , H $ _2 $ O , OH , and [ OI ] reveals the excitation and the relative contribution of different species to the gas cooling budget .	Herschel-PACS spectra covering 55-190 um are analyzed for ten high-mass star forming regions of various luminosities and evolutionary stages at spatial scales of ~10^4 AU .	Radiative transfer models are used to determine the contribution of the envelope to the far-IR CO emission .
+3	We show that the threshold energies so extracted are in good agreement with the empirical systematics as well as with the values of the Krappe-Nix-Sierk ( KNS ) potential at the touching point .	We analyze the recent experimental data of heavy-ion fusion cross sections available up to deep subbarrier energies in order to discuss the threshold incident energy for a deep subbarrier fusion hindrance phenomenon .	To this end , we employ a one-dimensional potential model with a Woods-Saxon internuclear potential .	Fitting the experimental data in two different energy regions with different Woods-Saxon potentials , we define the threshold energy as an intersect of the two fusion excitation functions .	We also discuss the asymptotic energy shift of fusion cross sections with respect to the potential model calculations , and show that it decreases with decreasing energies in the deep subbarrier region although it takes a constant value at subbarrier energies .
+3	We use this computational approach to study the dependence of the critical current on the junction geometry , doping level , and an applied perpendicular magnetic field .	We study the Josephson current in long ballistic superconductor-monolayer graphene-superconductor junctions .	As a first step , we have developed an efficient computational approach to calculate the Josephson current in tight-binding systems .	This approach can be particularly useful in the long junction limit , which has hitherto attracted less theoretical interest but has recently become experimentally relevant .	In zero magnetic field we find a good qualitative agreement with the recent experiment of Ben Shalom et al .
+2	In the absence of the uniform magnetic field ( H=0 ) , we have shown that the DM interaction induces a staggered chiral phase .	We have investigated the ground state phase diagram of the 1D AF spin-1/2 Heisenberg model with the staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya ( DM ) interaction in an external uniform magnetic field $ H $ .	We have used the exact diagonalization technique .	The staggered chiral phase remains stable even in the presence of the uniform magnetic field .	We have identified that the ground state phase diagram consists of four Luttinger liquid , staggered chiral , spin-flop , and ferromagnetic phases .
+0	Contact Riemannian manifolds , whose complex structures are not necessarily integrable , are generalization of pseudohermitian manifolds in CR geometry .	The Tanaka-Webster-Tanno connection plays the role of the Tanaka-Webster connection of a pseudohermitian manifold .	Conformal transformations and the Yamabe problem are also defined naturally in this setting .	By constructing the special frames and the normal coordinates on a contact Riemannian manifold , we prove that if the complex structure is not integrable , its Yamabe invariant on a contact Riemannian manifold is always less than the Yamabe invariant of the Heisenberg group .	So the Yamabe problem on a contact Riemannian manifold is always solvable .
+4	The Fe atom , a well-known non-PSVR system , is used as an illustration .	In the framework of Kohn-Sham density-functional theory , systems with ground-state densities that are not pure-state v-representable in the non-interacting reference system ( PSVR ) occur frequently .	In the present contribution , a new algorithm , which allows the solution of such systems , is proposed .	It is shown that the use of densities which do not correspond to a ground state of their non-interacting reference system is forbidden .	As a consequence , the proposed algorithm considers only non-interacting ensemble v-representable densities .
+2	We analyze here the motion of the plate with a two-point measurement in order to check , in our real system , a few hypotheses required for the Zakharov theory of weak turbulence to apply .	An thin elastic steel plate is excited with a vibrator and its local velocity displays a turbulent-like Fourier spectrum .	This system is believed to develop elastic wave turbulence .	We show that the motion of the plate is indeed a superposition of bending waves following the theoretical dispersion relation of the linear wave equation .	The nonlinearities seem to efficiently break the coherence of the waves so that no modal structure is observed .
+4	The probability for the emission of multiple-alphas is not described by Hauser-Feshbach theory for compound nucleus decay .	The formation of alpha-clusters in nuclei close to the decay thresholds is discussed .	These states can be considered to be boson-condensates , which are formed in a second order phase transition in a mixture of nucleons and alpha-particles .	The de Broglie wavelength of the alpha-particles is larger than the nuclear diameter , therefore the coherent properties of the alpha-particles give particular effects for the study of such states .	The states are above the thresholds thus the enhanced emission of multiple-alphas into the same direction is observed .
+0	We derive the stellar mass fraction in the galaxy cluster RXC J2248.7-4431 observed with the Dark Energy Survey ( DES ) during the Science Verification period .	We compare the stellar mass results from DES ( 5 filters ) with those from the Hubble Space Telescope CLASH ( 17 filters ) .	When the cluster spectroscopic redshift is assumed , we show that stellar masses from DES can be estimated within 25 % of CLASH values .	We compute the stellar mass contribution coming from red and blue galaxies , and study the relation between stellar mass and the underlying dark matter using weak lensing studies with DES and CLASH .	An analysis of the radial profiles of the DES total and stellar mass yields a stellar-to-total fraction of f*=7.0+-2.2x10^-3 within a radius of r_200c~3 Mpc .
+3	The spatial distribution of these galaxies supports Hubble 's claim that the Local Group `` is isolated in the general field . ''	The present note updates the information published in my recent monograph on \underline { The Galaxies of the Local Group } .	Highlights include ( 1 ) the addition of the newly discovered Cetus dwarf spheroidal as a certain member of the Local Group , ( 2 ) an improved distance for SagDIG , which now places this object very close to the edge of the Local Group zero-velocity surface , ( 3 ) more information on the evolutionary histories of some individual Local Group members , and ( 4 ) improved distance determinations to , and luminosities for , a number of Local Group members .	These data increase the number of certain ( or probable ) Local Group members to 36 .	Presently available evidence suggests that star formation continued much longer in many dwarf spheroidals than it did in the main body of the Galactic halo .
+3	To fill this gap , in the current work two automatic approaches are proposed in order to optimize the variance estimation .	In this work the authors study the multiphase flow soft-sensing problem based on a previously established framework .	There are three functional modules in this framework , namely , a transient well flow model that describes the response of certain physical variables in a well , for instance , temperature , velocity and pressure , to the flow rates entering and leaving the well zones ; a Markov jump process that is designed to capture the potential abrupt changes in the flow rates ; and an estimation method that is adopted to estimate the underlying flow rates based on the measurements from the physical sensors installed in the well .	In the previous studies , the variances of the flow rates in the Markov jump process are chosen manually .	Through a numerical example , we show that , when the estimation framework is used in conjunction with these two proposed variance-estimation approaches , it can achieve reasonable performance in terms of matching both the measurements of the physical sensors and the true underlying flow rates .
+4	In this regime , we are able to remove the ultraviolet cut-off $ \Lambda $ as soon as $ \alpha\log\Lambda $ stays fixed .	The Hartree-Fock approximation of Quantum Electrodynamics provides a rigorous framework for the description of relativistic electrons in external fields .	This nonlinear model takes into account the infinitely many virtual electrons of Dirac 's vacuum as well as the Coulomb interactions between all the particles .	The state of the system is an infinite-rank projection satisfying a nonlinear equation .	In this paper , we construct solutions to this equation , in the regime of weak interactions ( that is , small coupling constant $ \alpha $ ) , and strong external fields ( that is , large atomic charge $ Z $ such that $ \alpha Z : =\kappa $ stays fixed ) .
+4	For an excitation energy of $ \epsilon_L=2.4 $ eV , the agreement with measurements is very good and calculations reproduce : the relative intensities among phonon-defect or among two-phonon lines ; the measured small widths of the D , $ D ' $ , 2D and $ 2D ' $ lines ; the line shapes ; the presence of small intensity lines in the 1800 , 2000 cm $ ^ { -1 } $ range .	We calculate the double resonant ( DR ) Raman spectrum of graphene , and determine the lines associated to both phonon-defect processes , and two-phonons ones .	Phonon and electronic dispersions reproduce calculations based on density functional theory corrected with GW .	Electron-light , -phonon , and -defect scattering matrix elements and the electronic linewidth are explicitly calculated .	Defect-induced processes are simulated by considering different kind of idealized defects .
+1	Using a $ \chi^2 $ minimization method , assuming $ \Omega_ { \Lambda } +\Omega_ { \rm { matter } } =1 $ and no contribution from gravity waves , we found that a tilted $ \Lambda $ MDM model with one sort of massive neutrinos and the parameters $ n=1.12\pm 0.10 $ , $ \Omega_m=0.41\pm 0.11 $ ( $ \Omega_ { \Lambda } =0.59\pm0.11 $ ) , $ \Omega_ { cdm } =0.31\pm 0.15 $ , $ \Omega_ { \nu } =0.059\pm 0.028 $ , $ \Omega_b=0.039\pm 0.014 $ and $ h=0.70\pm 0.12 $ matches observational data best .	The possibility of determining cosmological parameters on the basis of a wide set of observational data including the Abell-ACO cluster power spectrum and mass function , peculiar velocities of galaxies , the distribution of Ly- $ \alpha $ clouds and CMB temperature fluctuations is analyzed .	The 1 $ \sigma $ ( 68.3 % ) confidence limits on each cosmological parameter , which are obtained by marginalizing over the other parameters , are $ 0.82\le n\le1.39 $ , $ 0.19\le\Omega_m\le 1 $ ( $ 0\le\Omega_ { \Lambda } \le 0.81 $ ) , $ 0\le\Omega_ { \nu } \le 0.17 $ , $ 0.021\le \Omega_b\le 0.13 $ and $ 0.38\le h\le 0.85 $ $ 1.5\le b_ { cl } \le 3.5 $ .	Here $ b_ { cl } $ is the cluster bias parameter .	The best-fit parameters for 31 models which are inside of $ 1\sigma $ range of the best model are presented .
+1	A Lagrangian magneto-frictional relaxation method is employed to model the field evolution towards the final near-singular state .	The open problem of how singular current structures form in line-tied , three-dimensional magnetic fields is addressed .	Our starting point is an exact force-free solution of the governing magnetohydrodynamic ( MHD ) equations which is sufficiently general to allow for topological features like magnetic nulls to be inside or outside the computational domain , depending on a simple set of parameters .	Quasi-separatrix layers ( QSLs ) are present in these structures and together with the magnetic nulls , they significantly influence the accumulation of current .	It is shown that perturbations affecting the lateral boundaries of the configuration lead not only to collapse around the magnetic null , but also to significant QSL currents .
+2	We show that at a critical energy the saddle-point values of the instanton size and instanton-antiinstanton separation bifurcate into complex conjugate pairs .	The valley method for computing the total high-energy anomalous cross section $ S_ { anom } $ is the extension of the optical theorem to the case of instanton-antiinstanton backgrounds .	As a toy model for baryon number violation in Electroweak theory , we consider a version of the $ O ( 3 ) $ $ \sigma $ model in which the conformal invariance is broken perturbatively .	This nonanalytic behavior signals the breakdown of the valley method at an energy where $ S_ { anom } $ is still exponentially suppressed .	( Figures replaced 5/3/93 ) .
+2	we then combine a commercial 3D pose sensor with an RGB camera , in order to film video footage of interest together with the camera motion .	It is hard to estimate optical flow given a realworld video sequence with camera shake and other motion blur .	In this paper , we first investigate the blur parameterization for video footage using near linear motion elements .	We illustrates that this additional camera motion/trajectory channel can be embedded into a hybrid framework by interleaving an iterative blind deconvolution and warping based optical flow scheme .	Our method yields improved accuracy within three other state-of-the-art baselines given our proposed ground truth blurry sequences ; and several other realworld sequences filmed by our imaging system .
+1	Although a lot is already known , we still have only a vague idea how these engines work exactly , why they behave as they do , and what the relation is between their evolution and the evolution of their harboring galaxy .	The main purpose of this work is to improve the existing knowledge about the most powerful engines in the Universe - quasars .	Methods we used are based on optical spectroscopy of visually bright quasars , many of which have recently been discovered as X-ray sources , but eventually missed in color-selected surveys .	The spectra typically cover the 4200-7000 AA region , allowing measurements of the characteristics of the hydrogen lines , the FeII contribution , and other lines of interest .	We present accurate redshift estimates and Seyfert type classification of the objects .
+0	The excited hyperon $ \Lambda ( 1405 ) $ is the important building block for kaonic nuclei which are nuclear many-body system with anti-kaons .	We have been investigating the $ \Lambda ( 1405 ) $ resonance with the coupled-channel Complex Scaling Method ( ccCSM ) in which the $ \Lambda ( 1405 ) $ is treated as a hadron-molecular state of a $ \bar { K } N $ - $ \pi\Sigma $ coupled system .	We use a $ \bar { K } N $ ( - $ \pi Y $ ) potential based on the chiral SU ( 3 ) theory .	In this article , we report the double-pole nature of the $ \Lambda ( 1405 ) $ , which is a characteristic property predicted by many studies with chiral SU ( 3 ) -based models .	With the help of the complex-range Gaussian basis in ccCSM , we have found successfully another pole besides a pole near the $ \bar { K } N $ threshold ( called higher pole ) which was found in our previous work with the real-range Gaussian basis .
+4	With this method , we estimate that the cluster formed 0.2-0.3 Gyr after the onset of star formation in the Galaxy , in excellent agreement with the age derived from main sequence fitting .	We present the first detection of beryllium in two turnoff stars of the old , metal-poor globular cluster NGC 6397 .	The beryllium lines are clearly detected and we determine a mean beryllium abundance of log ( Be/H ) =-12.35 +/- 0.2 .	The beryllium abundance is very similar to that of field stars of similar Fe content .	We interpret the beryllium abundance observed as the result of primary spallation of cosmic rays acting on a Galactic scale , showing that beryllium can be used as a powerful cosmochronometer for the first stellar generations .
+3	} , which are responsible for providing observed $ D_\mathrm { A } $ .	With assumptions that the violation of the distance-duality ( DD ) relation entirely arises from non-conservation of the photon number and the absorption is frequency independent in the observed frequency range , we perform cosmological-model-independent tests for the cosmic opacity .	The observational data include the largest Union2.1 SN Ia sample , which is taken for observed $ D_\mathrm { L } $ , and galaxy cluster samples compiled by De Filippis { \it et al . }	and Bonamente { \it et al .	Two parameterizations , $ \tau ( z ) =2\epsilon z $ and $ \tau ( z ) = ( 1+z ) ^ { 2\epsilon } -1 $ are adopted for the optical depth associated to the cosmic absorption .
+2	We find that the galaxy is rapidly rotating and exhibits a sharp central peak in the velocity dispersion .	We present a new stellar dynamical mass measurement of the black hole in the nearby , S0 galaxy NGC 3998 .	By combining laser guide star adaptive optics observations obtained with the OH-Suppressing Infrared Imaging Spectrograph on the Keck II telescope with long-slit spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Keck I telescope , we map out the stellar kinematics on both small spatial scales , well within the black hole sphere of influence , and on large scales .	Using the kinematics and the stellar luminosity density derived from imaging observations , we construct three-integral , orbit-based , triaxial stellar dynamical models .	We find the black hole has a mass of M_BH = ( 8.1_ { -1.9 } ^ { +2.0 } ) x 10^8 M_sun , with an I-band stellar mass-to-light ratio of M/L = 5.0_ { -0.4 } ^ { +0.3 } M_sun/L_sun ( 3-sigma uncertainties ) , and that the intrinsic shape of the galaxy is very round , but oblate .
+1	It includes $ { \cal O } ( \alpha ) $ electroweak radiative corrections in the WW production stage together with the $ { \cal O } ( \alpha^3 ) $ initial-state-radiation ( ISR ) corrections in the leading-logarithmic ( LL ) approximation , implemented within the Yennie-Frautschi-Suura ( YFS ) exclusive exponentiation framework .	We present the Monte Carlo event generator YFSWW3 version 1.16 for theprocess of W-pair production and decay in electron-positron collisions .	The photon radiation in the W decays is generated by the dedicated program PHOTOS up to $ { \cal O } ( \alpha^2 ) $ LL , normalised to the W branching ratios .	The program is interfaced with the $ \tau $ decay library TAUOLA and the quark fragmentation/hadronization package JETSET .	The semi-analytical code KORWAN for the calculations of the differential and total cross-sections at the Born level and in the ISR approximation is included .
+2	Formal models called the a-Ram family are introduced , designed to support interstring programming languages ( interlanguages ) .	A novel language system has given rise to promising alternatives to standard formal and processor network models of computation .	An interstring linked with a abstract machine environment , shares sub-expressions , transfers data , and spatially allocates resources for the parallel evaluation of dataflow .	Distinct from dataflow , graph rewriting , and FPGA models , a-Ram instructions are bit level and execute in situ .	They support sequential and parallel languages without the space/time overheads associated with the Turing Machine and lambda-calculus , enabling massive programs to be simulated .
+2	When the quantum limit is attained , all quasi-particles are confined to a few Landau tubes .	With a widely available magnetic field of 10 T , one can attain the quantum limit in bismuth and graphite .	At zero magnetic field , these two elemental semi-metals host a dilute liquid of carriers of both signs .	Each time a Landau tube is squeezed before definitely leaving the Fermi surface , the Nernst response sharply peaks .	In bismuth , additional Nernst peaks , unexpected in the non-interacting picture , are resolved beyond the quantum limit .
+0	Theoretical results for a single electron in multi-level system given by a lens-shape self-assembled quantum dot in the presence of an intense harmonic electric field are presented .	A non-perturbative Floquet approach is used to study the dynamical localization of the particle when going beyond the two-level approach by introducing the full spectral level structure .	It is discussed the role of the different quasi-energy sidebands as the parameters of the system change .	It is found that the contribution of different drive harmonics is controlled by fine tuning of field intensity .	It is also shown that avoided crossings in the quasi-energy spectrum are correlated with the spectral force of the sidebands and dynamical state localization .
+3	In this research we work on security field in MANET and proposed a novel security scheme against routing misbehavior through Black hole attack .	In Mobile Ad hoc Network ( MANET ) all the nodes are freely moves in the absence of without ant centralized coordination system .	Due to that the attackers or malicious nodes are easily affected that kind of network and responsible for the routing misbehavior .	The routing is network is mandatory to deliver data in between source and destination .	The Ad hoc On demand Multipath Routing ( AOMDV ) protocol is consider for routing and also to improves the routing quality as compare to single path routing protocol .
+2	In leading order , this expansion defines subgrid scale unclosed terms , which we relate to the dynamic subgrid scale closure models .	In large eddy simulations , the Reynolds averages of nonlinear terms are not directly computable in terms of the resolved variables and require a closure hypothesis or model , known as a subgrid scale term .	Inspired by the renormalization group ( RNG ) , we introduce an expansion for the unclosed terms , carried out explicitly to all orders .	The expansion , which generalizes the Leonard stress for closure analysis , suggests a systematic higher order determination of the model coefficients .	The RNG point of view sheds light on the nonuniqueness of the infinite Reynolds number limit .
+4	Simulations suggest that both estimation and inferences using the proposed method can perform as well as correctly-specified parametric models even for moderate sample sizes , but can be more robust than parametric methods under model misspecification .	Time-series data in population health and epidemiology often involve non-Gaussian responses .	In this note , we propose a semiparametric generalized linear models framework for time-series data that does not require specification of a working conditional response distribution for the data .	Instead , the underlying response distribution is treated as an infinite-dimensional parameter which is estimated simultaneously with the usual finite-dimensional parameters via a maximum empirical likelihood approach .	A general consistency result for the resulting estimators is given .
+1	The source radii are typically extracted using two-pion correlations , and characterize the system at the last stage of interaction , called kinetic freeze-out .	In high-energy collisions , the spatio-temporal size of the particle production region can be measured using the Bose-Einstein correlations of identical bosons at low relative momentum .	In low-multiplicity collisions , unlike in high-multiplicity collisions , two-pion correlations are substantially altered by background correlations , e.g.mini-jets .	Such correlations can be suppressed using three-pion cumulant correlations .	We present the first measurements of the size of the system at freeze-out extracted from three-pion cumulant correlations in pp , p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC with ALICE .
+0	The invention of laser immediately enabled us to detect nonlinearities of photon interaction in matter , as manifested for example by Franken et al .	's detection of second harmonic generation and the excitation of the Brillouin forward scattering process .	With the recent advancement in high power high energy laser and the examples of the nonlinearity study of laser-matter interaction by virtue of properly arranging laser and detectors , we envision the possibility of probing nonlinearities of photon interaction in vacuum over substantial spacetime scales compared with the microscopic scale provided by high energy accelerators .	The hithertofore never detected Euler-Heisenberg nonlinearities in quantum electrodynamics ( QED ) in vacuum should come within our reach of detection using intense laser fields .	Also our method should put us in a position with a far greater sensitivity of probing possible light-mass fields that have been postulated .
+1	The structure function of the off-mass-shell pion is obtained within the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model , where the shape of the distribution function depends on the pion momentum .	We study off-shell effects of the pion cloud on the sea quark distribution in the nucleon .	By using the momentum dependent pion structure function , the SU ( 2 ) flavor asymmetry in the nucleon see is reexamined within the pionic model , in which the sea quark distribution of the nucleon is given as a convolution of the off-shell pion structure function .	We calculate experimentally observed quantities related to the SU ( 2 ) asymmetry of the nucleon sea such as the Gottfried sum and the Drell-Yan cross section ratios , and find these quantities are insensitive to the off-shell effects of the pions structure function .	However , the $ x $ dependence of $ \bar { u } -\bar { d } $ calculated with the off-shell structure function shows a clear deviation from the result with the on-shell one .
+3	Muzzleloading powder charges provide a combination of muzzle velocity and velocity loss due to air resistance for a given ballistic coefficient that produce impact velocities corresponding to typical pistol velocities .	Using service handguns to test bullets in deer is problematic because of velocity loss with range and accuracy giving sub-optimal shot placement .	An alternate method is presented using a scoped muzzleloader shooting saboted handgun bullets to allow precise ( within 2 '' in many cases ) shot placement for studying terminal ballistics in a living target .	Deer are baited to a known range and path obstructions are used to place the deer broadside to the shooter .	With readily available sabots , this approach allows for testing of terminal ballistics of .355 , .357 , .40 , .429 , .45 , and .458 caliber bullets with two muzzleloaders ( .45 and .50 caliber ) .
+1	Let $ H=kG ( \chi , a , \d ) $ be a Hopf-Ore extension of $ kG $ and $ H ' $ a rank one quotient Hopf algebra of $ H $ , where $ k $ is a field , $ G $ is a group , $ a $ is a central element of $ G $ and $ \chi $ is a $ k $ -valued character for $ G $ with $ \chi ( a ) \neq 1 $ .	In this paper , we study the representation theory of Hopf-Ore extensions of group algebras and pointed Hopf algebras of rank one over an arbitrary field $ k $ .	We first show that the simple weight modules over $ H $ and $ H ' $ are finite dimensional .	Then we describe the structures of all simple weight modules over $ H $ and $ H ' $ , and classify them .	We also consider the decomposition of the tensor product of two simple weight modules over $ H ' $ into the direct sum of indecomposable modules .
+3	We also show that , for CF states , the variation with system size of the ground state energy of interacting electrons follows that for non-interacting particles in zero magnetic field .	We propose a measure of the stability of composite fermions ( CF 's ) at even-denominator Landau-level filling fractions .	Assuming Landau-level mixing effects are not strong , we show that the CF liquid at $ \nu=2+1/2 $ in the $ n=1 $ Landau level can not exist and relate this to the absence of a hierarchy of incompressible states for filling fractions $ 2+1/3 & lt ; \nu & lt ; 2+2/3 $ .	We find that a polarized CF liquid should exist at $ \nu=2+1/4 $ .	We use this to estimate the CF effective masses .
+1	However , this transition from quantum to classical fluctuations is plagued with important conceptual issues , most of them related to the application of standard quantum theory to the Universe as a whole .	There is a widespread belief that the classical small inhomogeneities which gave rise to all structures in the Universe through gravitational instability originated from primordial quantum cosmological fluctuations .	In this paper , we show how these issues can easily be overcome in the framework of the de Broglie-Bohm quantum theory .	This theory is an alternative to standard quantum theory that provides an objective description of physical reality , where rather ambiguous notions of measurement or observer play no fundamental role , and which can hence be applied to the Universe as a whole .	In addition , it allows for a simple and unambiguous characterization of the classical limit .
+1	We show that the image of a generalized momentum map is a bounded polytope times a vector space .	We extend the famous convexity theorem of Atiyah , Guillemin and Sternberg to the case of non-Hamiltonian actions .	We prove that this picture is stable for small perturbations of the symplectic form .	We also observe that an n-dimensional torus symplectic action on a 2n-dimensional symplectic manifold , with fixed point , is Hamiltonian .	We finally prove that an extension of Kirwan 's convexity theorem ( for compact group actions ) is also true .
+3	The proposed concept of operations is hybrid : the feedback signal is a superposition of a measured value and of a virtual value that can be tuned in order to guarantee a desired behavior .	The European Proximity Operation Simulator ( EPOS ) of the DLR-German Aerospace Center is a robotics-based simulator that aims at validating and verifying a satellite docking phase .	The generic concept features a robotics tracking system working in closed loop with a force/torque feedback signal .	Inherent delays in the tracking system combined with typical high stiffness at contact challenge the stability of the closed-loop system .	This paper is concerned with an analytical study of the system 's closed-loop stability , and with an experimental validation of the hybrid concept of operations in one dimension ( 1D ) .
+4	We also report a robust , prior-independent lower limit to the number of Hubble spheres in the Universe , N_U & gt ; 5 ( at 99 % confidence ) .	The question of determining the spatial geometry of the Universe is of greater relevance than ever , as precision cosmology promises to verify inflationary predictions about the curvature of the Universe .	We revisit the question of what can be learnt about the spatial geometry of the Universe from the perspective of a three-way Bayesian model comparison .	We show that , given current data , the probability that the Universe is spatially infinite lies between 67 % and 98 % , depending on the choice of priors .	For the strongest prior choice , we find odds of order 50:1 ( 200:1 ) in favour of a flat Universe when compared with a closed ( open ) model .
+3	Both proposed approaches consider inner products corresponding to oblique coordinate systems instead of the conventional Euclidean inner product .	Singular spectrum analysis ( SSA ) as a nonparametric tool for decomposition of an observed time series into sum of interpretable components such as trend , oscillations and noise is considered .	The separability of these series components by SSA means the possibility of such decomposition .	Two variations of SSA , which weaken the separability conditions , are proposed .	One of the approaches performs iterations to obtain separating inner products .
+1	The eigenfunctions are realized as an orthonormal basis of a suitable Hilbert space .	Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the free magnetic Schr\ '' odinger operator , describing a spinless particle confined to an infinite layer of fixed width , are discussed in detail .	Four different classes of temporally stable coherent states associated to the operator are presented .	The first two classes are derived as coherent states with one degree of freedom and the last two classes are derived with two degrees of freedom .	The dynamical algebra of each class is found .
+0	In the presence of multiscale dynamics in a reaction network , direct simulation methods become inefficient as they can only advance the system on the smallest scale .	This work presents stochastic averaging techniques to accelerate computations for obtaining estimates of expected values and sensitivities with respect to the steady state distribution .	A two-time-scale formulation is used to establish bounds on the bias induced by the averaging method .	Further , this formulation provides a framework to create an accelerated `averaged ' version of most single-scale sensitivity estimation method .	In particular , we propose a new lower-variance ergodic likelihood ratio type estimator for steady-state estimation and show how one can adapt it to accelerated simulations of multiscale systems.Lastly , we develop an adaptive `` batch-means '' stopping rule for determining when to terminate the micro-equilibration process .
+3	The model posssesses an exact $ \U ( 1 ) _R $ symmetry as a supersymmetric counterpart of the L\ '' uscher lattice chiral $ \U ( 1 ) $ symmetry .	A lattice Wess-Zumino model is formulated on the basis of Ginsparg-Wilson fermions .	In perturbation theory , our formulation is equivalent to the formulation by Fujikawa and Ishibashi and by Fujikawa .	Our formulation is , however , free from a singular nature of the latter formulation due to an additional auxiliary chiral supermultiplet on a lattice .	A restration of the supersymmetric Ward-Takahashi identity in the continuum limit is analyzed in renormalized perturbation theory .
+3	Consequently , such equations have two major advantages over quasi-potential equations : they may easily be written down in any Lorentz frame , and they include the meson-retardation effects present in the original four-dimensional equation .	Firstly , a systematic procedure is derived for obtaining three-dimensional bound-state equations from four-dimensional ones .	Unlike `` quasi-potential approaches '' this procedure does not involve the use of delta-function constraints on the relative four-momentum .	In the absence of negative-energy states , the kernels of the three-dimensional equations derived by this technique may be represented as sums of time-ordered perturbation theory diagrams .	Secondly , a simple four-dimensional equation with the correct one-body limit is obtained by a reorganization of the generalized ladder Bethe-Salpeter kernel .
+0	We investigate the sedimentation of knotted polymers by means of stochastic rotation dynamics , a molecular dynamics algorithm that takes hydrodynamics fully into account .	We show that the sedimentation coefficient s , related to the terminal velocity of the knotted polymers , increases linearly with the average crossing number n_c of the corresponding ideal knot .	To the best of our knowledge , this provides the first direct computational confirmation of this relation , postulated on the basis of experiments in `` The effect of ionic conditions on the conformations of supercoiled DNA .	I. sedimentation analysis '' by Rybenkov et al. , for the case of sedimentation .	Such a relation was previously shown to hold with simulations for knot electrophoresis .
+1	Analyzing frequent itemset is a crucial step in analysing structured data and in finding association relationship between items .	Apriori is one of the key algorithms to generate frequent itemsets .	This stands as an elementary foundation to supervised learning , which encompasses classifier and feature extraction methods .	Applying this algorithm is crucial to understand the behaviour of structured data .	Most of the structured data in scientific domain are voluminous .
+2	The electronic transition is not accompanied by any measurable crystallographic distortion , either internal or external , so the symmetry of the system remains cubic .	We report the results of resonant X-ray scattering experiments performed at the Np M_4,5 edges in NpO_2 .	Below T_0 = 25 K , the development of long-range order of Np electric quadrupoles is revealed by the growth of superlattice Bragg peaks .	The polarization and azimuthal dependence of the intensity of the resonant peaks is well reproduced assuming Templeton scattering from a triple-q longitudinal antiferroquadrupolar structure .	Electric quadrupole order in NpO_2 could be driven by the ordering at T_0 of magnetic octupoles of Gamma_5 symmetry , splitting the Np ground state quartet and leading to a singlet ground state with zero dipole magnetic moment .
+4	We show that while the spinon remains coherent , the holon motion is deterred by the phase string , resulting in its localization in space .	The motion of a single hole in a Mott antiferromagnet is investigated based on the t-J model .	An exact expression of the energy spectrum is obtained , in which the irreparable phase string effect [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	77 , 5102 ( 1996 ) ] is explicitly present .	By identifying the phase string effect with spin backflow , we point out that spin-charge separation must exist in such a system : the doped hole has to decay into a neutral spinon and a spinless holon , together with the phase string .
+0	We study by numerical simulations the scattering of $ s $ -polarized light from a rough dielectric film deposited on the planar surface of a semi-infinite perfect conductor .	The dielectric film is allowed to be either active or passive , situations that we model by assigning negative and positive values , respectively , to the imaginary part $ \epsilon_2 $ of the dielectric constant of the film .	We study the reflectance $ { \cal R } $ and the total scattered energy $ { \cal U } $ for the system as functions of both $ \epsilon_2 $ and the angle of incidence of the light .	Furthermore , the positions and widths of the enhanced backscattering and satellite peaks are discussed .	It is found that these peaks become narrower and higher when the amplification of the system is increased , and that their widths scale linearly with $ \epsilon_2 $ .
+1	We analyze this problem in light of recent experimental data which reveal very small Fermi pockets in this material .	The origin of the 90 K nematic transition in the chalcogenide FeSe , which displays no magnetic order down to T=0 , remains a major puzzle for a unifying theory for the iron-based superconductors .	We show that the smallness of the Fermi energy leads to a near-degeneracy between magnetic fluctuations and fluctuations in the charge-current density-wave channel .	While the two fluctuation modes cooperate to promote the same preemptive Ising-nematic order , they compete for primary order .	We argue that this explains why in FeSe the nematic order emerges when the magnetic correlation length is smaller than in other Fe-based materials , and why no magnetism is observed .
+3	Present study indicates that interstellar reddening is normal in the direction of the cluster .	We have carried out deep ( V $ \sim $ 21 mag ) \ubvri photometric study of the star cluster Stock 18 .	These along with archival Infrared data have been used to derive the basic cluster parameters and also to study the star formation processes in and around the cluster region .	The distance to the cluster is derived as 2.8 $ \pm $ 0.2 kpc while its age is estimated as $ 6.0\pm2.0 $ Myr .	The mass function slope is found to be -1.37 $ \pm $ 0.27 for the mass range 1 $ & lt ; M/M_\odot & lt ; $ 11.9 .
+2	We detect parallactic motion on our images and determine the distance to be 4.6 pm 0.3 pc , more precise than previously known .	We obtained deep H- and K-band images of DENIS-P J104814-395606 using SofI and the speckle camera SHARP-I at the ESO-3.5m-NTT as well as QUIRC at the Mauna Kea 2.2m telescope between December 2000 and June 2001 .	The target was recently discovered as nearby M9-dwarf among DENIS sources ( Delfosse et al.2001 ) .	From the available colors , the distance , and the spectral type , we conclude from theoretical models that the star has a mass of ~0.075 to 0.09 M_sun and an age of ~1 to 2 Gyrs .	We also obtained H- and K-band spectra of this star with ISAAC at the VLT .
+0	Gamma-ray burst ( GRB ) emission is believed to originate in highly relativistic fireballs .	Currently , only lower limits were securely set to the initial fireball Lorentz factor Gamma_0 .	We aim to provide a direct measure of Gamma_0 .	The early-time afterglow light curve carries information about Gamma_0 , which determines the time of the afterglow peak .	We have obtained early observations of the near-infrared afterglows of GRB 060418 and GRB 060607A with the REM robotic telescope .
+4	In the larger systems ( from 7 to hundreds of particles ) , we employ approximate methods , such as two-point Pade approximants , variational Monte Carlo estimations , Hartree - Fock and RPA schemes , BCS functions and the Bethe - Goldstone algorithm , etc .	In the present report , a set of theoretical results obtained in the period from 1991 to 2005 are reviewed .	The physical systems under study include quark models of hadrons , inert atom clusters , atomic traps , and electrons and excitons confined in quantum dots .	They contain three or more particles , and are described by nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics .	In the smallest systems ( 6 particles or less ) , exact diagonalization complemented with the Lanczos algorithm , and some analytical approaches ( 1/D-expansion , improved semiclassical quantization , etc . ) are used .
+4	At the 95 % confidence level , fnl & gt ; 467 with cosmological parameters fixed to their most likely WMAP5 values , or fnl & gt ; 123 ( at 95 % confidence ) if we marginalize over WMAP5 parameters priors .	To date , 14 high-redshift ( z & gt ; 1.0 ) galaxy clusters with mass measurements have been observed , spectroscopically confirmed and are reported in the literature .	These objects should be exceedingly rare in the standard LCDM model .	We conservatively approximate the selection functions of these clusters ' parent surveys , and quantify the tension between the abundances of massive clusters as predicted by the standard LCDM model and the observed ones .	We alleviate the tension considering non-Gaussian primordial perturbations of the local type , characterized by the parameter fnl and derive constraints on fnl arising from the mere existence of these clusters .
+0	Let $ P $ be a set of $ n $ points in $ { \mathbb R } ^ { d } $ .	A point $ p \in P $ is $ k $ \emph { -shallow } if it lies in a halfspace which contains at most $ k $ points of $ P $ ( including $ p $ ) .	We show that if all points of $ P $ are $ k $ -shallow , then $ P $ can be partitioned into $ \Theta ( n/k ) $ subsets , so that any hyperplane crosses at most $ O ( ( n/k ) ^ { 1-1/ ( d-1 ) } \log^ { 2/ ( d-1 ) } ( n/k ) ) $ subsets .	Given such a partition , we can apply the standard construction of a spanning tree with small crossing number within each subset , to obtain a spanning tree for the point set $ P $ , with crossing number $ O ( n^ { 1-1/ ( d-1 ) } k^ { 1/d ( d-1 ) } \log^ { 2/ ( d-1 ) } ( n/k ) ) $ .	This allows us to extend the construction of Har-Peled and Sharir \cite { hs11 } to three and higher dimensions , to obtain , for any set of $ n $ points in $ { \mathbb R } ^ { d } $ ( without the shallowness assumption ) , a spanning tree $ T $ with { \em small relative crossing number } .
+1	We calculate the evolution of the DM relic abundance and show how oscillations re-open the parameter space of aDM models , in particular in the direction of allowing large ( WIMP-scale ) DM masses .	Assuming the existence of a primordial asymmetry in the dark sector , a scenario usually dubbed Asymmetric Dark Matter ( aDM ) , we study the effect of oscillations between dark matter and its antiparticle on the re-equilibration of the initial asymmetry before freeze-out , which enable efficient annihilations to recouple .	A typical wimp with a mass at the EW scale ( \sim 100 GeV - 1 TeV ) presenting a primordial asymmetry of the same order as the baryon asymmetry naturally gets the correct relic abundance if the DM-number-violating Delta ( DM ) = 2 mass term is in the \sim meV range .	The re-establishment of annihilations implies that constraints from the accumulation of aDM in astrophysical bodies are evaded .	On the other hand , the ordinary bounds from BBN , CMB and indirect detection signals on annihilating DM have to be considered .
+4	This allows us to study and exploit graphene Josephson junctions in a new regime , characterized by ballistic transport .	Hybrid graphene-superconductor devices have attracted much attention since the early days of graphene research .	So far , these studies have been limited to the case of diffusive transport through graphene with poorly defined and modest quality graphene-superconductor interfaces , usually combined with small critical magnetic fields of the superconducting electrodes .	Here we report graphene based Josephson junctions with one-dimensional edge contacts of Molybdenum Rhenium .	The contacts exhibit a well defined , transparent interface to the graphene , have a critical magnetic field of 8 Tesla at 4 Kelvin and the graphene has a high quality due to its encapsulation in hexagonal boron nitride .
+1	'' , and `` What are the Energy and Pressure Balances in the Local Bubble ? ''	This report summarizes the discussions in the Session 1 and Session 3 groups which met to discuss the questions : `` What Physical Processes Drive the Multiphase Interstellar Medium in the Local Bubble ?	Most of our understanding of the Local Bubble has come from soft X-ray observations , but recent appreciation of the importance of solar wind charge exchange ( SWCX ) reactions has shown that the heliosphere produces some fraction of the soft X-rays that were previously ascribed to the Local Bubble .	Some astronomers suggest that the SWCX X-rays rather than Local Bubble emission could explain most of the locally produced X-rays .	Our discussions , therefore , also included a debate concerning the Local Bubble 's existence .
+4	One third of them are also observed by other satellites .	Monitor of all-sky image ( MAXI ) Gas Slit Camera ( GSC ) detects gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) including the bursts with soft spectra , such as X-ray flashes ( XRFs ) .	MAXI/GSC is sensitive to the energy range from 2 to 30 keV .	This energy range is lower than other currently operating instruments which is capable of detecting GRBs .	Since the beginning of the MAXI operation on August 15 , 2009 , GSC observed 35 GRBs up to the middle of 2013 .
+2	The metallic regions thus created persist even after reducing the injected current to lower values .	We report the destabilization of the charge ordered insulating ( COI ) state in a localized region of Pr_0.63Ca_0.37MnO_3 single crystal by current injection using a scanning tunneling microscope tip .	This leads to controlled phase separation and formation of localized metallic nanoislands in the COI matrix which have been detected by local tunneling conductance mapping .	The original conductance state can be restored by injecting a current of similar magnitude but of opposite polarity .	We thus achieve reversible nanoscale phase separation that gives rise to the possibility to `` write , read , and erase '' nanosized conducting regions in an insulating matrix with high spatial resolution .
+2	Charge separation by blackbody photo-electric transitions in moving ions limits the acceleration potential , analogously with the more usually considered pair creation .	Little attention has so far been paid to the division of the observed population between pulsars of the two spin directions that are possible .	Almost all pulsars with positive corotational charge density at the polar caps are expected to satisfy space-charge limited flow boundary conditions .	But the limitation is more severe so that proton and ion energies can be relativistic but not ultra-relativistic , and these allow the growth of Langmuir-mode induced turbulence that couples directly with the radiation field , as shown by Asseo , Pelletier & amp ; Sol .	The consequences of this , and of the several possible physical states of the polar cap , are described , qualitatively , as possible explanations for the complex phenomena of nulls , subpulse drift and mode-switching observed in subsets of pulsars .
+4	When restricted to the discrete setting , our reformulation of bilateral filters extends previous results for the so-called fast bilateral filtering .	We introduce an exact reformulation of a broad class of neighborhood filters , among which the bilateral filters , in terms of two functional rearrangements : the decreasing and the relative rearrangements .	Independently of the image spatial dimension ( one-dimensional signal , image , volume of images , etc .	) , we reformulate these filters as integral operators defined in a one-dimensional space corresponding to the level sets measures .	We prove the equivalence between the usual pixel-based version and the rearranged version of the filter .
+1	In this paper , we describe the results of deep narrow and broad-band imaging and subsequent follow-up multi-object spectroscopy of faint high-redshift galaxies in the fields of the BRI1346-0322 and Q2138-4427 .	We present the first results of an observational programme at the ESO Very Large Telescope aimed at detecting a large sample of high-redshift galaxies fainter than the current spectroscopic limit of R=25.5 for Lyman-Break galaxies .	These QSOs have intervening absorbers , at redshifts z=2.85 and z=3.15 respectively , for which redshifted Ly-alpha emission falls within less than a few AA from the central wavelengths of existing VLT ( ~60 AA wide ) narrow-band filters .	We selected 37 and 27 candidate emission-line galaxies in the two fields respectively .	About 85 % of the candidates have R-band magnitudes fainter than R=25.5 .
+3	This in turn leads to an effective charge distribution which is similar to those found for weakly charged titrating polyelectrolytes that have an annealed charge distribution .	We investigate end-effects in the ion distribution around strongly charged , flexible polyelectrolytes with a quenched charge distribution by molecular dynamics simulations of dilute polyelectrolyte solutions .	We take the counterions explicitly into account and calculate the full Coulomb interaction via an Ewald summation method .	We find that the free counterions of the solution are distributed in such a way that a fraction of the chain charges is effectively neutralized .	The delicate interplay between the electrostatic interactions , the chain conformation and the counterion distribution is studied in detail as a function of different system parameters such as the chain length Nm , the charge fraction f , the charged particle density rho , the ionic strength and the solvent quality .
+0	Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array ( ATCA ) we have imaged the fields around five promising pulsar candidates to search for radio pulsar wind nebulae ( PWNe ) .	We have used the ATCA in its pulsar gating mode ; this enables an image to be formed containing only off-pulse visibilities , thereby dramatically improving the sensitivity to any underlying PWN .	Data from the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope were also used to provide sensitivity on larger spatial scales .	This survey found a faint new PWN around PSR B0906-49 ; here we report on non-detections of PWNe towards PSRs B1046-58 , B1055-52 , B1610-50 and J1105-6107 .	Our radio observations of the field around PSR B1055-52 argue against previous claims of an extended X-ray and radio PWNe associated with the pulsar .
+1	The X-ray source is one of the brightest in its class ( L_x ~ 2 x 10^ { 40 } erg/s ) .	We have studied an ultraluminous X-ray source ( ULX ) in NGC 4559 with XMM-Newton , and its peculiar star-forming environment with HST/WFPC2 .	Luminosity and timing arguments suggest a mass & gt ; ~ 50 M_sun for the accreting black hole .	The ULX is located near the rim of a young ( age & lt ; 30 Myr ) , large ( diameter ~ 700 pc ) ring-like star forming complex possibly triggered by the impact of a dwarf satellite galaxy through the gas-rich outer disk of NGC 4559 .	We speculate that galaxy interactions ( including the infall of high-velocity clouds and satellites on a galactic disk ) and low-metallicity environments offer favourable conditions for the formation of compact remnants more massive than `` standard '' X-ray binaries , and accreting from a massive Roche-lobe filling companion .
+4	It is then possible to obtain reliable predictions about the quantum coherent operations of the gate such as entanglement generation and Bell state discrimination even without performing these operations directly .	Quantum logic gates can perform calculations much more efficiently than their classical counterparts .	However , the level of control needed to obtain a reliable quantum operation is correspondingly higher .	In order to evaluate the performance of experimental quantum gates , it is therefore necessary to identify the essential features that indicate quantum coherent operation .	In this paper , we show that an efficient characterization of an experimental device can be obtained by investigating the classical logic operations on a pair of complementary basis sets .
+1	For a plane graph $ G $ , two faces $ f_1 $ and $ f_2 $ of $ G $ are \emph { adjacent $ ( i , j ) $ -faces } if $ d ( f_1 ) =i $ , $ d ( f_2 ) =j $ and $ f_1 $ and $ f_2 $ have a common edge , where $ d ( f ) $ is the degree of a face $ f $ .	A graph $ G $ is \emph { uniquely k-colorable } if the chromatic number of $ G $ is $ k $ and $ G $ has only one $ k $ -coloring up to permutation of the colors .	In this paper , we prove that every uniquely 3-colorable plane graph has adjacent $ ( 3 , k ) $ -faces , where $ k\leq 5 $ .	The bound 5 for $ k $ is best possible .	Furthermore , we prove that there exist a class of uniquely 3-colorable plane graphs having neither adjacent $ ( 3 , i ) $ -faces nor adjacent $ ( 3 , j ) $ -faces , where $ i , j\in \ { 3,4,5\ } $ and $ i \neq j $ .
+4	The accuracy and speed of the ImageHealth code in particular were benchmarked against results from SourceExtractor , a standard image analysis tool ubiquitous in the astronomical community .	Forthcoming instruments designed for high-cadence large-area surveys , such as the Dark Energy Survey and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope , will generate several GB of data products every few minutes during survey operations .	Since such surveys are designed to operate with minimal observer interaction , automated real-time analysis of these large images is necessary to ensure uninterrupted production of science-quality data .	We describe a software infrastructure suite designed to support such surveys , focusing particularly on ImageHealth , a tool for near-real-time processing of large images .	These image manipulation and analysis algorithms were applied to simulated data from the Dark Energy Survey , as well as observed data collected by the Y4KCam on the CTIO 1m telescope and the Mosaic camera on the Blanco telescope .
+2	Involute trapped spheres satisfy a similar condition to minimal trapped spheres , which are are strictly minimal with respect to the Kodama vector .	Seven different refinements of trapped surfaces are proposed , each intended as potential stability conditions .	This article concerns spherical symmetry , but each condition can be generalized .	There is also a weaker version of involute trapped .	Outer trapped spheres have positive surface gravity .
+0	( Abridged ) We study the nuclear star clusters in spiral galaxies of various Hubble types using spectra obtained with STIS on-board HST .	We observed the nuclear clusters in 40 galaxies , selected from two previous HST/WFPC2 imaging surveys .	The spectra provide a better separation of cluster light from underlying galaxy light than is possible with ground-based spectra .	To infer the star formation history , metallicity and dust extinction , we fit weighted superpositions of single-age stellar population templates to the spectra .	The luminosity-weighted age ranges from 10 Myrs to 10 Gyrs .
+4	COINS is due to the electroweak-scale physics or multi-dimension physics , if macroscopic extra dimensions really exist .	Cosmic internal symmetry ( COINS ) relates cosmic vacuum , dark matter , baryons and radiation , in a finite universe .	Evidence for COINS comes from the concordance data , including the WMAP data .	COINS is behind 1 ) the cosmic coincidence , 2 ) the spatial flatness , 3 ) cosmic entropy , 4 ) initial amplitude of cosmic perturbations .	COINS suggests also a solution to the naturalnes problem .
+0	Let $ f_1 , \ ... , f_r $ be polynomials in $ n $ variables over a finite field $ F $ of cardinality $ q $ and characteristic $ p $ .	Let $ f_i $ have total degree $ d_i $ and define $ d=d_1+\ ... +d_r $ .	Write $ Z $ for the set of common zeros of the $ f_i $ , over the field $ F $ .	Warning showed that $ # ( Z\cap H_1 ) \equiv # ( Z\cap H_2 ) \mod { p } $ for any two parallel affine hyperplanes $ H_1 , H_2 $ in $ F^n $ .	We prove that the same congruence holds to modulus $ q $ .
+1	Four configurations , i.e. , the spin diffusions along two specific directions with the spin polarization perpendicular ( transverse configuration ) and parallel ( longitudinal configuration ) to the effective Zeeman field are studied .	We investigate the steady-state spin diffusion for ultracold spin-orbit coupled $ ^ { 40 } $ K gas by the kinetic spin Bloch equation approach both analytically and numerically .	It is found that the behaviors of the steady-state spin diffusion for the four configurations are very different , which are determined by three characteristic lengths : the mean free path $ l_ { \tau } $ , the Zeeman oscillation length $ l_ { \Omega } $ and the spin-orbit coupling oscillation length $ l_ { \alpha } $ .	It is analytically revealed and numerically confirmed that by tuning the scattering strength , the system can be divided into { \it five } regimes : I , weak scattering regime ( $ l_ { \tau } \gtrsim l_ { \Omega } , l_ { \alpha } $ ) ; II , Zeeman field-dominated moderate scattering regime ( $ l_ { \Omega } \ll l_ { \tau } \ll l_ { \alpha } $ ) ; III , spin-orbit coupling-dominated moderate scattering regime ( $ l_ { \alpha } \ll l_ { \tau } \ll l_ { \Omega } $ ) ; IV , relatively strong scattering regime ( $ l_ { \tau } ^c\ll l_ { \tau } \ll l_ { \Omega } , l_ { \alpha } $ ) ; V , strong scattering regime ( $ l_ { \tau } \ll l_ { \Omega } , l_ { \alpha } , l_ { \tau } ^c $ ) , with $ l_ { \tau } ^c $ representing the crossover length between the relatively strong and strong scattering regimes .	In different regimes , the behaviors of the spacial evolution of the steady-state spin polarization are very rich , showing different dependencies on the scattering strength , Zeeman field and spin-orbit coupling strength .
+4	It agrees with the rate independently derived from the ADAF spectral fits by Narayan et al . ( 1997 ) .	Using the black hole transient X-ray source A0620-00 as an example we study the physical interplay of three theoretical constituents for modelling these transient sources : ( 1 ) the advection-dominated accretion flow ( ADAF ) onto the central black hole , ( 2 ) the evaporation of matter from the cool outer disk forming a coronal flow and ( 3 ) standard disk evolution leading to outburst cycles by accretion disk instability ( dwarf nova mechanism ) .	We investigate the evolution of accretion disks during quiescence including the evaporation of gas in the inner part of the disk .	About 20 % of the matter is lost in a wind from the corona .	The mass flow rate obtained from our model for the coronal flow towards the black hole , is about half of the matter flowing over from the companion star .
+2	Interaction with non-zero-velocity atoms causes additional peaks , but only one of them appears within the primary spectrum .	We have shown earlier that hyperfine spectroscopy in a vapor cell using co-propagating pump-probe beams has many advantages over the usual technique of saturated-absorption spectroscopy using counter-propagating beams .	The main advantages are the absence of crossover resonances , the appearance of the signal on a flat ( Doppler-free ) background , and the higher signal-to-noise ratio of the primary peaks .	We first illustrate the advantages of this technique for high-resolution spectroscopy by studying the $ D_2 $ line of Rb .	We then use an acousto-optic modulator ( AOM ) for frequency calibration to make precise hyperfine-interval measurements in the first excited $ P_ { 3/2 } $ state of $ ^ { 85,87 } $ Rb and $ ^ { 133 } $ Cs .
+1	Integrated ( C -T1 ) colours , T1 magnitudes , and effective radii have been measured for 93 galaxies ( i.e.the largest galaxies sample in the Washington system till now ) from the FS90 catalogue ( Ferguson & amp ; Sandage 1990 ) .	We present the first colour-magnitude relation ( CMR ) of early-type galaxies in the central region of the Antlia cluster , obtained from CCD wide-field photometry in the Washington photometric system .	Membership of 37 objects can be confirmed through new radial velocities and data collected from the literature .	The resulting colour-magnitude diagram shows that early-type FS90 galaxies that are spectroscopically confirmed Antlia members or that were considered as definite members by FS90 , follow a well defined CMR ( sigma_ ( C -T1 ) ~ 0.07 mag ) that spans 9 magnitudes in brightness with no apparent change of slope .	This relation is very tight for the whole magnitude range but S0 galaxies show a larger dispersion , apparently due to a separation of ellipticals and S0s .
+3	This prediction can be tested in future neutron scattering experiments on Co $ _3 $ O $ _4 $ and CoRh $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ , and is consistent with existing neutron scattering data on MnSc $ _2 $ S $ _4 $ .	We present a quantum theory of frustrated diamond lattice antiferromagnets .	Considering quantum fluctuations as the predominant mechanism relieving spin frustration , we find a rich phase diagram comprising of six phases with coplanar spiral ordering in addition to the N\'eel phase .	By computing the specific heat of these ordered phases , we obtain a remarkable agreement between $ ( k , k,0 ) $ -spiral ordering and the experimental specific heat data for the diamond lattice spinel compounds MnSc $ _2 $ S $ _4 $ , Co $ _3 $ O $ _4 $ and CoRh $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ , i.e.specific heat data is a strong evidence for $ ( k , k,0 ) $ -spiral ordering in all of these materials .	Based on this agreement we infer a monotonically increasing relationship between frustration and the strength of quantum fluctuations .
+2	Apparently , the power that characterizes many different systems , when expressed as the frequency dispersion of conductivity ( the real part of admittance ) is often found to be in the range of 0.6 - 0.7 or having frequency independent , constant phase angles ( CPA ) of about 54 - 63 deg .	The dielectric response of complex materials is characterized , in many cases , by a similar power law frequency dependence of both the real and the imaginary parts of their complex dielectric constants .	In the admittance representation , this power law is often shown as the constant phase angle ( CPA ) response .	The model suggested here is based on series-parallel mixing of resistors ' and capacitors ' responses in a random R-C network .	A geometric mean evaluation of the effective resistivity of conductors having a uniform distribution of resistivity is used .
+1	One star exhibits a variation that is best interpreted as due to gravitational microlensing by an unseen object .	We present here an analysis of the light curves of 5.3 million stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud observed by EROS ( Exp\'erience de Recherche d'Objets Sombres ) .	This candidate was also reported by the MACHO collaboration .	Once corrected for blending , the Einstein radius crossing time is 123 days , corresponding to lensing by a Halo object of $ 2.6^ { +8.2 } _ { -2.3 } M_ { \odot } $ .	The maximum magnification is a factor of 2.6 .
+1	In FeAl $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ , macroscopic measurements evidence a `` cusp '' in zero field-cooled susceptibility around 13~K .	We re-investigate the magnetically frustrated , { \it diamond-lattice-antiferromagnet } spinels FeAl $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ and MnAl $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ using magnetization measurements and diffuse scattering of polarized neutrons .	Dynamic magnetic susceptibility and { \it memory effect } experiments provide results that do not conform with a canonical spin-glass scenario in this material .	Through polarized neutron scattering studies , absence of long-range magnetic order down to 4~K is confirmed in FeAl $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ .	By modeling the powder averaged differential magnetic neutron scattering cross-section , we estimate that the spin-spin correlations in this compound extend up to the third nearest-neighbour shell .
+2	This is because the expansion rate of the extra dimension appears in different contexts , notably in expressions concerning the variation of rest mass and electric charge .	In braneworld models a variable vacuum energy may appear if the size of the extra dimension changes during the evolution of the universe .	In this scenario the acceleration of the universe is related not only to the variation of the cosmological term , but also to the time evolution of $ G $ and , possibly , to the variation of other fundamental `` constants '' as well .	We concentrate our attention on spatially-flat , homogeneous and isotropic , brane-universes where the matter density decreases as an inverse power of the scale factor , similar ( but at different rate ) to the power law in FRW-universes of general relativity .	We show that these braneworld cosmologies are consistent with the observed accelerating universe and other observational requirements .
+0	Trapping lithium with a big number in a simplified experimental setup has difficulties and challenges today .	In this paper , we experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of \textsuperscript { 6 } Li trapping efficiency in a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap ( 3D MOT ) by using the multiple-sideband cooling in a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap ( 2D MOT ) .	To improve the number of trapped atoms , we broaden the cooling light spectrum to 102 MHz composed of seven frequency components and then trap atoms with a number of $ 6.0\times10^8 $ which is about 4 times compared to that in the single-frequency cooling .	The capture velocity and dependence of atomic number on the laser detuning have been analyzed , where the experimental result has a good agreement with the theoretical prediction based on a simple two-level model .	We also analyze the loss rate of alkali metals due to fine-structure exchanging collisions and find that the multiple-sideband cooling is special valid for lithium .
+4	The spectra of both P1 and P2 are compatible with power laws with photon indices of 4.0 \pm 0.8 ( P1 ) and 3.42 \pm 0.26 ( P2 ) , respectively , and the ratio P1/P2 between the photon counts of the two pulses is 0.54 \pm 0.12 .	We use 73 h of stereoscopic data taken with the MAGIC telescopes to investigate the very high-energy ( VHE ) gamma-ray emission of the Crab pulsar .	Our data show a highly significant pulsed signal in the energy range from 50 to 400 GeV in both the main pulse ( P1 ) and the interpulse ( P2 ) phase regions .	We provide the widest spectra to date of the VHE components of both peaks , and these spectra extend to the energy range of satellite-borne observatories .	The good resolution and background rejection of the stereoscopic MAGIC system allows us to cross-check the correctness of each spectral point of the pulsar by comparison with the corresponding ( strong and well-known ) Crab nebula flux .
+1	The basic Levenshtein approach has been extended to token-based distance metric .	In this paper , a new hybrid algorithm which combines both of token-based and character-based approaches is presented .	The distance metric is enhanced to set the proper granularity level behavior of the algorithm .	It smoothly maps a threshold of misspellings differences at the character level , and the importance of token level errors in terms of token 's position and frequency .	Using a large Arabic dataset , the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm overcomes successfully many types of errors such as : typographical errors , omission or insertion of middle name components , omission of non-significant popular name components , and different writing styles character variations .
+1	Understanding the dynamics of granular materials is , therefore , vital for the interpretation of the surface geology of these small bodies and is also critical for the design and/or operations of any device planned to interact with their surfaces .	Despite their very low surface gravities , the surfaces of asteroids and comets are covered by granular materials - regolith - that can range from a fine dust to a gravel-like structure of varying depths .	We present the first measurements of transient weakening of granular material after shear reversal in microgravity as well as a summary of experimental results recently published in other journals , which may have important implications for small-body surfaces .	Our results suggest that the force contact network within a granular material may be weaker in microgravity , although the influence of any change in the contact network is felt by the granular material over much larger distances .	This could mean that small body surfaces are even more unstable than previously imagined .
+1	They benefit from data from radio to X rays from the CFHTLS-D1/SWIRE/XMDS surveys .	We report the discovery of two sources at z=3.867 and z=3.427 that exhibit powerful starburst and AGN activities .	Follow-up optical and near-infrared spectroscopy , and millimeter IRAM/MAMBO observations are also available .	We performed an analysis of their spectral energy distributions to understand the origin of their emission and constrain their luminosities .	A comparison with other composite systems at similar redshifts from the literature is also presented .
+2	We make some progresses in this direction for two classes of such channels .	The capacity of a point-to-point multi-input-multiple-output ( MIMO ) channel with phase uncertainty ( MIMO phase noise channel ) is still open .	As a matter of fact , even the pre-log ( multiplexing gain ) of the capacity in the high signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) regime is unknown in general .	With phase noise on the individual paths of the channel ( model A ) , we show that the multiplexing gain is 1/2 , which implies that the capacity does not scale with the channel dimension at high SNR .	With phase noise at both the input and output of the channel ( model B ) , the multiplexing gain is upper-bounded by 1/2 min { nt , ( nr-2 ) ^+ + 1 } , and lower-bounded by 1/2 min { nt , floor ( ( nr+1 ) /2 ) } , where nt and nr are the number of transmit and receive antennas , respectively .
+1	The decay probability in the wave field does not contain a threshold factor $ \sim ( 1 - m_i / m_j ) $ as opposed to the decay probability in a vacuum or in a constant uniform external field .	The radiative decay of the massive neutrino $ \nu_i \rightarrow \nu_j \gamma $ in a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is investigated within the Standard theory with lepton mixing .	The phenomenon of the gigantic enhancement ( $ \sim 10^ { 33 } $ ) of the neutrino decay probability in external wave field is discovered .	The probability of the photon splitting into the neutrino pair is obtained .	( Published in Phys.Lett.B 321 ( 1994 ) 108 ) .
+1	In particular , it has been proven to be a successful tool to describe multi-agent learning dynamics .	Evolutionary game theory combines game theory and dynamical systems and is customarily adopted to describe evolutionary dynamics in multi-agent systems .	To the best of our knowledge , we provide in this paper the first replicator dynamics applicable to the sequence form of an extensive-form game , allowing an exponential reduction of time and space w.r.t .	the currently adopted replicator dynamics for normal form .	Furthermore , our replicator dynamics is realization equivalent to the standard replicator dynamics for normal form .
+2	In the linear limit , significant power transmission along the array only appears for frequencies inside the linear magnetoinductive wave band .	Power transmission in one-dimensional nonlinear magnetic metamaterials driven at one end is investigated numerically and analytically in a wide frequency range .	The nonlinear magnetic metamaterials are composed of varactor-loaded split-ring resonators which are coupled magnetically through their mutual inductances , forming thus a magnetoiductive transmission line .	We present analytical , closed form solutions for the magnetoinductive waves transmitting the power in this regime , and their discrete frequency dispersion .	When nonlinearity is important , more frequency bands with significant power transmission along the array may appear .
+4	This observation remained unexplained up to now .	We study the consequences of the constant-temperature behaviour of nuclei in the superfluid regime for the exchange of excitation energy between two nuclei in thermal contact .	This situation is realized at the scission configuration of fission at moderate excitation energies .	It is shown that all available excitation energy is transferred to the colder fragment .	This effect explains why an increase of excitation energy is translated into an increase of the number of emitted neutrons for the heavy fission fragments only .
+2	Results on ground and excited states for several channels are given , including spin two mesons and hadrons with strange valence quarks .	We present results of meson and baryon spectroscopy using the Chirally Improved Dirac operator on lattices of size 16**3 x 32 with two mass-degenerate light sea quarks .	Three ensembles with pion masses of 322 ( 5 ) , 470 ( 4 ) and 525 ( 7 ) MeV and lattice spacings close to 0.15 fm are investigated .	The analysis of the states is done with the variational method , including two kinds of Gaussian sources and derivative sources .	We obtain several ground states fairly precisely and find radial excitations in various channels .
+0	We address the problem of optimizing the throughput of network coded traffic in mobile networks operating in challenging environments where connectivity is intermittent and locally available memory space is limited .	Random linear network coding ( RLNC ) is shown to be equivalent ( across all possible initial conditions ) to a random message selection strategy where nodes are able to exchange buffer occupancy information during contacts .	This result creates the premises for a tractable analysis of RLNC packet spread , which is in turn used for enhancing its throughput under broadcast .	By exploiting the similarity between channel coding and RLNC in intermittently connected networks , we show that quite surprisingly , network coding , when not used properly , is still significantly underutilizing network resources .	We propose an enhanced forwarding protocol that increases considerably the throughput for practical cases , with negligible additional delay .
+2	We initialize the BH-NS systems with positions and velocities corresponding to marginally unbound Newtonian orbits , and evolve them using general-relativistic hydrodynamical simulations .	We study dynamical capture binary black hole-neutron star ( BH-NS ) mergers focusing on the effects of the neutron star spin .	These events may arise in dense stellar regions , such as globular clusters , where the majority of neutron stars are expected to be rapidly rotating .	We find that even moderate spins can significantly increase the amount of mass in unbound material .	In some of the more extreme cases , there can be up to a third of a solar mass in unbound matter .
+2	The aim of this study is to analyze the selective pressure driving the NSP4 of RV , through the ratio of non-synonymous substitutions per synonymous substitutions ( dN/dS ) .	Rotavirus ( RV ) is the major etiologic agent of severe infantile gastroenteritis ; its genome has 11 segments of double stranded RNA , encoding 12 proteins .	The non-structural protein 4 ( NSP4 ) encoded by segment 10 is multifunctional .	Our results show that NSP4 is under negative evolutionary pressure ( 84.57 % of the amino acid sequence ) and no site was found under positive selection .	This may support other evolutionary studies of different RV proteins or viral agents .
+1	Its fundamental group , $ \mathcal { A } $ , is the quotient of the topologist 's product of $ \mathbb Z $ , the fundamental group of the shrinking wedge of countably many copies of the circle ( the Hawaiian earring ) , modulo the corresponding free product .	The classical archipelago is a non-contractible subset of $ \mathbb { R } ^3 $ which is homeomorphic to a disk except at one non-manifold point .	We show $ \mathcal { A } $ is locally free , not indicable , and has the rationals both as a subgroup and a quotient group .	Replacing $ \mathbb Z $ with arbitrary groups yields the notion of archipelago groups .	Surprisingly , every archipelago of countable groups is isomorphic to either $ \mathcal { A } ( \mathbb Z ) $ or $ \mathcal { A } ( \mathbb Z_2 ) $ , the cases where the archipelago is built from circles or projective planes respectively .
+2	Our analysis will be focused , as a particular example , on the Aspect-type EPR experiment .	Two problems will be considered : the question of hidden parameters and the problem of Kolmogorovity of quantum probabilities .	Both of them will be analyzed from the point of view of two distinct understandings of quantum mechanical probabilities .	It will be shown that the quantum mechanical probabilities appearing in this experiment can be consistently understood as conditional probabilities without any paradoxical consequences .	Therefore , nothing implies in the Aspect experiment that quantum theory is incompatible with a deterministic universe .
+2	The resulting formula shows that the variables conjugate to the Schwarzschild masses of the intershell spacetimes are simple combinations of the values of the DNEF coordinates on these spacetimes at the shells .	The study of the two-shell system started in `` Pair of null gravitating shells I and II '' ( gr-qc/0112060 -- 061 ) is continued .	The pull back of the Liouville form to the constraint surface , which contains complete information about the Poisson brackets of Dirac observables , is computed in the singular double-null Eddington-Finkelstein ( DNEF ) gauge .	The formula is valid for any number of in- and out-going shells .	After applying it to the two-shell system , the symplectic form is calculated for each component of the physical phase space ; regular coordinates are found , defining it as a symplectic manifold .
+3	Globular-cluster ages plus a new age measurement based on radioactive dating of thorium in a metal-poor star are briefly summarized .	In this review , the status of measurements of the matter density ( Omega ) , the vaccuum energy density or cosmological constant ( Lambda ) , the Hubble constant ( H0 ) , and ages of the oldest measured objects ( t0 ) are summarized .	Measurements of the statistics of gravitational lenses and strong gravitational lensing are discussed in the context of limits on Lambda .	Three separate routes to the Hubble constant are considered : the measurement of time delays in multiply-imaged quasars , the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in clusters , and Cepheid-based extragalactic distances .	Many recent , independent dynamical measurements are yielding a low value for the matter density ( omega ~ 0.2 - 0.3 ) .
+2	Here , bottom pair production is examined as a possible search channel .	The search for heavy resonances has for long been a part of the physics programme at colliders .	Traditionally , the dijet channel has been examined as part of this search .	The chiral color model ( flavor universal as well as non-universal ) and the flavor universal coloron model are chosen as templates of models that predict the existence of heavy colored gauge bosons .	It is seen that , apart from the resonance , the interference of the Standard Model and new physics amplitudes could provide a useful signal .
+1	Formulae are derived to compute these equations efficiently .	A recently obtained extension ( xncKP ) of the Moyal-deformed KP hierarchy ( ncKP hierarchy ) by a set of evolution equations in the Moyal-deformation parameters is further explored .	Reductions of the xncKP hierarchy are treated , in particular to the extended ncKdV and ncBoussinesq hierarchies .	Furthermore , a good part of the Sato formalism for the KP hierarchy is carried over to the generalized framework .	In particular , the well-known bilinear identity theorem for the KP hierarchy , expressed in terms of the ( formal ) Baker-Akhiezer function , extends to the xncKP hierarchy .
+2	First , we show that there exists an oracle relation problem ( i.e. , a problem with many valid outputs ) that is solvable in BQP , but not in PH .	The relationship between BQP and PH has been an open problem since the earliest days of quantum computing .	We present evidence that quantum computers can solve problems outside the entire polynomial hierarchy , by relating this question to topics in circuit complexity , pseudorandomness , and Fourier analysis .	This also yields a non-oracle relation problem that is solvable in quantum logarithmic time , but not in AC0 .	Second , we show that an oracle decision problem separating BQP from PH would follow from the Generalized Linial-Nisan Conjecture , which we formulate here and which is likely of independent interest .
+2	In order to create dependencies between the different shots , particular convolutional codes in rank metric are used .	Random network coding recently attracts attention as a technique to disseminate information in a network .	This paper considers a non-coherent multi-shot network , where the unknown and time-variant network is used several times .	These codes are so-called ( partial ) unit memory ( ( P ) UM ) codes , i.e. , convolutional codes with memory one .	First , distance measures for convolutional codes in rank metric are shown and two constructions of ( P ) UM codes in rank metric based on the generator matrices of maximum rank distance codes are presented .
+3	To ensure a model independent assessment , sensitivity studies across a comprehensive set of progenitors and equations of state are performed .	A weak-rate library aimed at investigating the sensitivity of astrophysical environments to variations of electron-capture rates on medium-heavy nuclei has been developed .	With this library , the sensitivity of the core-collapse and early post-bounce phases of core-collapse supernovae to nuclear electron-capture is examined by systematically and statistically varying electron-capture rates of individual nuclei .	The rates are adjusted by factors consistent with uncertainties indicated by comparing theoretical rates to those deduced from charge-exchange and $ \beta $ -decay measurements .	In our systematic study , we find a +16/-4 % range in the mass of the inner-core at the time of shock formation and a $ \pm $ 20 % range of peak { \nu } e-luminosity during the deleptonization burst .
+2	The fact that any violation remained unobserved at low energies can nonetheless be explained , without pushing the associated characteristic sale beyond the TeV , by using SM flavour symmetries implemented BSM thanks to the Minimal Flavour Violation ( MFV ) prescription .	Despite strong experimental evidences for their conservation at low energies , the baryon $ B $ and lepton $ L $ numbers are not expected to be absolute symmetries .	Already violated in the Standard Model ( SM ) by non-perturbative effects ( tiny at low temperatures and energies ) and not justified by any fundamental principle , $ B $ and $ L $ appear naturally violated in beyond the Standard Model ( BSM ) scenarios , e.g.in supersymmetry ( SUSY ) .	Violation effects could therefore be observable at the LHC .	Same-sign ( anti- ) tops , sometimes leading to a distinctive predominance of negatively charged lepton pairs over positively charged ones , is a clean signature that is for instance generically present in R-parity violating supersymmetry .
+1	Using amplitudes and phases of the photometric and radial velocity variations , we identify/constrain the mode degree , $ \ell $ , for all 14 detected frequencies .	We present interpretation of the oscillation spectrum of the early B-type star $ \gamma $ Pegasi , in which both low order p/g and high-order g-modes are observed .	Seismic models fitting two pulsational frequencies corresponding to the modes $ \ell=0 $ , p $ _1 $ and $ \ell=1 $ , g $ _1 $ were constructed .	This set of models contains those which reproduce also the empirical values of the complex nonadiabatic parameter $ f $ associated to these two mode frequencies .	Unfortunately , there are no models reproducing the values of $ f $ for both frequencies simultaneously , regardless of model atmospheres , opacity data , chemical mixture as well as opacity enhancement in the $ Z- $ and Deep Opacity Bumps .
+3	Non-factorizable contributions to the lifetime ratio $ \tau ( B^- ) /\tau ( B_d ) $ could naturally be of order 10 -- 20 % , and not even the sign of these contributions can be predicted at present .	We present a model-independent study of spectator effects , which are responsible for the lifetime differences between beauty hadrons .	These effects can be parametrized in terms of hadronic matrix elements of four four-quark operators .	For $ B $ mesons , the coefficients of the non-factorizable operators turn out to be much larger than those of the factorizable ones , limiting considerably the usefulness of the vacuum insertion approximation .	In the case of the $ \Lambda_b $ baryon , heavy-quark symmetry is used to reduce the number of independent matrix elements from four to two .
+2	The wave packets are constructed , from which the expectation value for the scale factor is determined .	The quantization of gravity coupled to a perfect fluid model leads to a Schr\ '' odinger-like equation , where the matter variable plays the role of time .	The wave function can be determined , in the flat case , for an arbitrary barotropic equation of state $ p = \alpha\rho $ ; solutions can also be found for the radiative non-flat case .	The quantum scenarios reveal a bouncing Universe , free from singularity .	We show that such quantum cosmological perfect fluid models admit a universal classical analogue , represented by the addition , to the ordinary classical model , of a repulsive stiff matter fluid .
+0	Our works aim at developing a Web platform to connect various Communities of Practice ( CoPs ) and to capitalise on all their knowledge .	This platform addresses CoPs interested in a same general activity , for example tutoring .	For that purpose , we propose a general model of Interconnection of Communities of Practice ( ICP ) , based on the concept of Constellation of Practice ( CCP ) developed by Wenger ( 1998 ) .	The model of ICP was implemented and has been used to develop the TE-Cap 2 platform which has , as its field of application , educational tutoring activities .	In particular , we propose an indexation and search tool for the ICP knowledge base .
+4	Using a junction with this geometry we demonstrate classical state preparation and readout .	We report theoretical and experimental work on the development of a vortex qubit based on a microshort in an annular Josephson junction .	The microshort creates a potential barrier for the vortex , which produces a double-well potential under the application of an in-plane magnetic field ; The field strength tunes the barrier height .	A one-dimensional model for this system is presented , from which we calculate the vortex depinning current and attempt frequency as well as the interwell coupling .	Implementation of an effective microshort is achieved via a section of insulating barrier that is locally wider in the junction plane .
+1	Here we present a novel design of on-chip mechanical resonators which exhibit fundamental modes with frequencies $ f $ and mechanical quality factors $ Q_\mathrm { m } $ sufficient to enter the optomechanical quantum regime at room temperature .	All quantum optomechanics experiments to date operate at cryogenic temperatures , imposing severe technical challenges and fundamental constraints .	We overcome previous limitations by designing ultrathin , high-stress silicon nitride ( Si $ _3 $ N $ _4 $ ) membranes , with tensile stress in the resonators ' clamps close to the ultimate yield strength of the material .	By patterning a photonic crystal on the SiN membranes , we observe reflectivities greater than 99 % .	These on-chip resonators have remarkably low mechanical dissipation , with $ Q_\mathrm { m } $ $ \sim $ $ 10^8 $ , while at the same time exhibiting large reflectivities .
+2	These regions are characterized by annihilation cross sections mediated by either light Higgs bosons , Z bosons , or by the co-annihilation with the lightest stop .	We examine the neutralino relic density in the presence of a light top squark , such as the one required for the realization of the electroweak baryogenesis mechanism , within the minimal supersymmetric standard model .	We show that there are three clearly distinguishable regions of parameter space , where the relic density is consistent with WMAP and other cosmological data .	Tevatron collider experiments can test the presence of the light stop in most of the parameter space .	In the co-annihilation region , however , the mass difference between the light stop and the lightest neutralino varies between 15 and 30 GeV , presenting an interesting challenge for stop searches at hadron colliders .
+0	We present non-equilibrium physics in spin ice as a novel setting which combines kinematic constraints , emergent topological defects , and magnetic long range Coulomb interactions .	In spin ice , magnetic frustration leads to highly degenerate yet locally constrained ground states .	Together , they form a highly unusual magnetic state -- a `` Coulomb phase '' -- whose excitations are pointlike defects -- magnetic monopoles -- in the absence of which effectively no dynamics is possible .	Hence , when they are sparse at low temperature , dynamics becomes very sluggish .	When quenching the system from a monopole-rich to a monopole-poor state , a wealth of dynamical phenomena occur the exposition of which is the subject of this article .
+3	We find that the allowed region of parameters is considerably enhanced with respect to former `` improved '' tree level results .	We examine the electroweak breaking mechanism in the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( MSSM ) using the { \em complete } one-loop effective potential $ V_1 $ .	First , we study what is the region of the whole MSSM parameter space ( i.e. $ M_ { 1/2 } , m_o , \mu , ... $ ) that leads to a succesful $ SU ( 2 ) \times U ( 1 ) $ breaking with an acceptable top quark mass .	In doing this it is observed that all the one-loop corrections to $ V_1 $ ( even the apparently small ones ) must be taken into account in order to get reliable results .	Next , we study the fine-tuning problem associated with the high sensitivity of $ M_Z $ to $ h_t $ ( the top Yukawa coupling ) .
+1	This theory is ultimately related to abelian 6D ( 2,0 ) theory .	We study properties of the full partition function for the $ U ( 1 ) $ 5D $ \mathcal { N } =2^* $ gauge theory with adjoint hypermultiplet of mass $ M $ .	We construct the full non-perturbative partition function on toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds by gluing flat copies of the Nekrasov partition function and we express the full partition function in terms of the generalized double elliptic gamma function $ G_2^C $ associated with a certain moment map cone $ C $ .	The answer exhibits a curious $ SL ( 4 , \mathbb { Z } ) $ modular property .	Finally , we propose a set of rules to construct the partition function that resembles the calculation of 5D supersymmetric partition function with the insertion of defects of various co-dimensions .
+1	point to a new population of gamma-ray sources at energies E & gt ; 10 TeV , paving the way for future studies and new discoveries in the multi-TeV energy range .	The exciting results from H.E.S.S .	Connected with these energies is the search for sources of PeV cosmic-rays ( CRs ) and the study of multi-TeV gamma-ray production in a growing number of astrophysical environments .	TenTen is a proposed stereoscopic array ( with a suggested site in Australia ) of modest-sized ( 10 to 30m^2 ) Cherenkov imaging telescopes with a wide field of view ( 8 to 10deg diameter ) optimised for the E~10 to 100 TeV range .	TenTen will achieve an effective area of ~10 km^2 at energies above 10 TeV .
+3	While extensive line blending is observed due to the chemical complexity of this region , reliable molecular line identifications can be made , down to the noise floor , due to the large number of transitions detected for each species in the 1.2 THz survey bandwidth .	The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared ( HIFI ) aboard the Herschel Space Observatory has acquired high-resolution broadband molecular spectra of star-forming regions in a wavelength range that is mostly inaccessible from ground-based astronomical observatories .	These spectral surveys provide new insight into the chemical composition and physical properties of molecular clouds .	In this manuscript , we present initial results from the HIFI spectral survey of the Sagittarius B2 ( N ) molecular cloud , which contains spectral features assigned to at least 40 different molecules in a range of physical environments .	This allows for the extraction of new weakly emitting species from the line forest .
+0	A set is called semidefinite representable or semidefinite programming ( SDP ) representable if it can be represented as the projection of a higher dimensional set which is represented by some Linear Matrix Inequality ( LMI ) .	This paper discuss the semidefinite representability conditions for convex sets of the form S_D ( f ) = { x \in D : f ( x ) & gt ; = 0 } .	Here D= { x\in R^n : g_1 ( x ) & gt ; = 0 , ... , g_m ( x ) & gt ; = 0 } is a convex domain defined by some `` nice '' concave polynomials g_i ( x ) ( they satisfy certain concavity certificates ) , and f ( x ) is a polynomial or rational function .	When f ( x ) is concave over \mc { D } , we prove that S_D ( f ) has some explicit semidefinite representations under certain conditions called preordering concavity or q-module concavity , which are based on the Positivstellensatz certificates for the first order concavity criteria .	When f ( x ) is a polynomial or rational function having singularities on the boundary of S_D ( f ) , a perspective transformation is introduced to find some explicit semidefinite representations for S_D ( f ) under certain conditions .
+4	In addition , we propose two aggregation methods , static ( periodic ) aggregation and dynamic ( aperiodic ) aggregation .	Data center providers seek to minimize their total cost of ownership ( TCO ) , while power consumption has become a social concern .	We present formulations to minimize server energy consumption and server cost under three different data center server setups ( homogeneous , heterogeneous , and hybrid hetero-homogeneous clusters ) with dynamic temporal workload .	Our studies show that the homogeneous model significantly differs from the heterogeneous model in computational time ( by an order of magnitude ) .	To be able to compute optimal configurations in near real-time for large scale data centers , we propose two modes , aggregation by maximum and aggregation by mean .
+4	We use these results to give some exact computations of the Yamabe invariant of compact orbifolds .	We consider the Yamabe invariant of a compact orbifold with finitely many singular points .	We prove a fundamental inequality for the estimate of the invariant from above , which also includes a criterion for the non-positivity of it .	Moreover , we give a sufficient condition for the equality in the inequality .	In order to prove it , we also solve the orbifold Yamabe problem under a certain condition .
+0	We investigate the effect of different initial virial temperatures , Q , on the dynamics of star clusters .	We find that the virial temperature has a strong effect on many aspects of the resulting system , including among others : the fraction of bodies escaping from the system , the depth of the collapse of the system , and the strength of the mass segregation .	These differences deem the practice of using `` cold '' initial conditions no longer a simple choice of convenience .	The choice of initial virial temperature must be carefully considered as its impact on the remainder of the simulation can be profound .	We discuss the pitfalls and aim to describe the general behavior of the collapse and the resultant system as a function of the virial temperature so that a well reasoned choice of initial virial temperature can be made .
+1	More precisely , as a prototypical representative of this class we study radially symmetric solutions of the parabolic-elliptic system ( see the text ) .	This paper aims at providing a first step toward a qualitative theory for a new class of chemotaxis models derived from the celebrated Keller-Segel system , with the main novelty being that diffusion is nonlinear with flux delimiter features .	Under the initial condition $ u|_ { t=0 } =u_0 & gt ; 0 $ and no-flux boundary conditions in balls $ \Omega\subset\mathbb { R } ^n $ , where $ \chi & gt ; 0 $ and $ \mu : =\frac { 1 } { |\Omega| } \int_\Omega u_0 $ .\abs The main results assert the existence of a unique classical solution , extensible in time up to a maximal $ T_ { max } \in ( 0 , \infty ] $ which has the property that $ $ \mbox { if } \quad T_ { max } & lt ; \infty \quad \mbox { then } \quad\limsup_ { t\nearrow T_ { max } } \|u ( \cdot , t ) \|_ { L^\infty ( \Omega ) } =\infty .	\qquad \qquad ( \star ) $ $ The proof therefore is mainly based on comparison methods , which firstly relate pointwise lower and upper bounds for the spatial gradient $ u_r $ to $ L^\infty $ bounds for $ u $ and to { \em upper bounds } for $ z : =\frac { u_t } { u } $ ; secondly , another comparison argument involving nonlocal nonlinearities provides an appropriate control of $ z_+ $ in terms of bounds for $ u $ and $ |u_r| $ , with suitably mild dependence on the latter .	As a consequence of ( $ \star $ ) by means of suitable a priori estimates it is moreover shown that the above solutions are global and bounded when either $ $ n\ge 2 \ \mbox { and } \chi & lt ; 1 , \qquad \mbox { or } \qquad n=1 , \ \chi & gt ; 0 \ \mbox { and } m & lt ; m_c , $ $ with $ m_c : =\frac { 1 } { \sqrt { \chi^2-1 } } $ if $ \chi & gt ; 1 $ and $ m_c : =\infty $ if $ \chi\le 1 $ .
+3	These inside-out bursts of accretion bear a qualitative resemblance to the outburst behavior of one FU Ori object , V1515 Cyg , in contrast to the outside-in burst models which more closely resemble the accretion events in FU Ori and V1057 Cyg .	We extend the one-dimensional , two-zone models of long-term protostellar disk evolution with infall of Zhu et al .	to consider the potential effects of a finite viscosity in regions where the ionization is too low for the magnetorotational instability ( MRI ) to operate ( the `` dead zone '' ) .	We find that the presence of a small but finite dead zone viscosity , as suggested by simulations of stratified disks with MRI-active outer layers , can trigger inside-out bursts of accretion , starting at or near the inner edge of the disk , instead of the previously-found outside-in bursts with zero dead zone viscosity , which originate at a few AU in radius .	Our results suggest that the type and frequency of outbursts are potentially a probe of transport efficiency in the dead zone .
+0	We extend the criteria for $ k $ -particle entanglement from the spin squeezing parameter presented in [ A.S. S { \o } rensen and K. M { \o } lmer , Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 86 } , 4431 ( 2001 ) ] to systems with a fluctating number of particles .	We also discuss how other spin squeezing inequalities can be generalized to this situation .	Further , we give an operational meaning to the bounds for cases where the individual particles can not be addressed .	As a by-product , this allows us to show that in spin squeezing experiments with cold gases the particles are typically distinguishable in practise .
+2	Current high precision beta decay experiments of polarized neutrons with conceptional similar experimental devices resulted in a detailed study of the point spread function ( PSF ) .	Magnetic guiding fields in combination with energy dispersive semiconductor detectors have been employed already more than 50 years ago for in-beam internal conversion electron spectroscopy .	Even then it was recognized that efficiency modulations may appear as function of the electron energy , arising when electrons hit a baffle or miss the sensitive area of the detector .	The latter describes the radial probability distribution of mono-energetic electrons at the detector plane .	Singularities occur as function of the radial detector coordinate which have been investigated and discussed by Sjue at al . ( Rev.Scient.Instr .
+1	Both the energy and the data arrivals at the transmitter are modeled as Markov processes .	A point-to-point wireless communication system in which the transmitter is equipped with an energy harvesting device and a rechargeable battery , is studied .	Delay-limited communication is considered assuming that the underlying channel is block fading with memory , and the instantaneous channel state information is available at both the transmitter and the receiver .	The expected total transmitted data during the transmitter 's activation time is maximized under three different sets of assumptions regarding the information available at the transmitter about the underlying stochastic processes .	A learning theoretic approach is introduced , which does not assume any a priori information on the Markov processes governing the communication system .
+4	Various known and new applications of this interpretation are presented .	Generalised matrix elements of the irreducible representations of the quantum $ SU ( 2 ) $ group are defined using certain orthonormal bases of the representation space .	The generalised matrix elements are relatively infinitesimal invariant with respect to Lie algebra like elements of the quantised universal enveloping algebra of $ sl ( 2 ) $ .	A full proof of the theorem announced by Noumi and Mimachi [ Proc.Japan Acad.Sci . { \bf 66 } , Ser.A ( 1990 ) , pp .	146 -- 149 ] describing the generalised matrix elements in terms of the full four-parameter family of Askey-Wilson polynomials is given .
+4	These calculations are aiming at leading to a better understanding of dynamics and interaction of HVCs with the galactic halo and of the importance of MHD waves as a heating process of the halo gas .	Spiral galaxies are surrounded by a widely distributed hot coronal gas and seem to be fed by infalling clouds of neutral hydrogen gas with low metallicity and high velocities .	We numerically study plasma waves produced by the collisions of these high-velocity clouds ( HVCs ) with the hot halo gas and with the gaseous disk .	In particular , we tackle two problems numerically : 1 ) collisions of HVCs with the galactic halo gas and 2 ) the dispersion relations to obtain the phase and group velocities of plasma waves from the equations of plasma motion as well as further important physical characteristics such as magnetic tension force , gas pressure , etc .	The obtained results allow us to understand the nature of MHD waves produced during the collisions in galactic media and lead to the suggestion that these waves can heat the ambient halo gas .
+3	{ \bf 1 } ( 4 ) , 715 ( 2003 ) ] to computationally solve these equations without obtaining them in closed form .	We present an equation-free multi-scale approach to the computational study of the collective dynamics of the Kuramoto model [ { \it Chemical Oscillations , Waves , and Turbulence } , Springer-Verlag ( 1984 ) ] , a prototype model for coupled oscillator populations .	Our study takes place in a reduced phase space of coarse-grained `` observables '' of the system : the first few moments of the oscillator phase angle distribution .	We circumvent the derivation of explicit dynamical equations ( approximately ) governing the evolution of these coarse-grained macroscopic variables ; instead we use the { \it equation-free framework } [ Kevrekidis { \it et al . } , { \it Comm.Math.Sci . }	In this approach , the numerical tasks for the conceptually existing but unavailable coarse-grained equations are implemented through short bursts of appropriately initialized simulations of the `` fine-scale '' , detailed coupled oscillator model .
+0	General aspects of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation ( FDR ) , and Response Theory are considered .	After analyzing the conceptual and historical relevance of fluctuations in statistical mechanics , we illustrate the relation between the relaxation of spontaneous fluctuations , and the response to an external perturbation .	These studies date back to Einstein 's work on Brownian Motion , were continued by Nyquist and Onsager and culminated in Kubo 's linear response theory .	The FDR has been originally developed in the framework of statistical mechanics of Hamiltonian systems , nevertheless a generalized FDR holds under rather general hypotheses , regardless of the Hamiltonian , or equilibrium nature of the system .	In the last decade , this subject was revived by the works on Fluctuation Relations ( FR ) concerning far from equilibrium systems .
+3	This has allowed a direct measurement of the dipole field strength for this pulsar .	We present further observational evidence of the effects of a centrifugal barrier in GRO J1744-28 , based on continued monitoring of the source with RXTE .	For X-ray pulsars , the centrifugal barrier manifests itself in the cessation of pulsed emission when the source becomes faint .	We show that such phenomenon occurred repeatedly for GRO J1744-28 , following the decay of two X-ray outbursts .	Here we argue that some of the other peculiar properties observed of this source may also be related to an active centrifugal barrier .
+4	We compare the resulting values of the Gini index at different levels of altruism in both models .	We study the effect of altruism in two simple asset exchange models : the yard sale model ( winner gets a random fraction of the poorer player 's wealth ) and the theft and fraud model ( winner gets a random fraction of the loser 's wealth ) .	We also introduce in these models the concept of bargaining efficiency , which makes the poorer trader more aggressive in getting a favorable deal thus augmenting his winning probabilities .	The altruistic behavior is controlled by varying the number of traders that behave altruistically and by the degree of altruism that they show .	The resulting wealth distribution is characterized using the Gini index .
+3	This formulation completely decouples the iterative scheme from the measure theoretical analysis of the parameters where the small divisors non-resonance conditions are verified .	We prove an abstract Implicit Function Theorem with parameters for smooth operators defined on sequence scales , modeled for the search of quasi-periodic solutions of PDEs .	The tame estimates required for the inverse linearised operators at each step of the iterative scheme are deduced via a multiscale inductive argument .	The Cantor like set of parameters where the solution exists is defined in a non inductive way .	As an application , we deduce the existence of quasi-periodic solutions for forced NLW and NLS equations on any compact Lie group or manifold which is homogeneous with respect to a compact Lie group , extending previous results valid only for tori .
+1	The transistors were irradiated by 60Co { \gamma } -rays with various doses , and the front transistors are biased in a Float-State and Off-State , respectively , during irradiation .	The total dose radiation and annealing responses of the back transistor of Silicon-On-Insulator ( SOI ) pMOSFETs have been studied by comparing with those of the back transistor of SOI nMOSFETs fabricated on the same wafer .	The total dose radiation responses of the back transistors are characterized by their threshold voltage shifts .	The results show that the total dose radiation response of the back transistor of SOI pMOSFETs , similar to that of SOI nMOSFETs , depends greatly on their bias conditions during irradiation .	However , with the Float-State bias , rather than the Off-State bias , the back transistors of SOI pMOSFETs reveal a much higher sensitivity to total dose radiation , which is contrary to those of SOI nMOSFETs .
+4	Thus , electrons transport electromagnetic energy from a source to a sink .	Compton scattering is usually explained in terms of the relativistic mass and momentum .	Here , a mathematically equivalent and simple non-relativistic interpretation shows that the Compton frequency shift is equal to the de Broglie frequency associated with the moving charged particle ( e.g. , an electron ) .	In this work , the moving electron is considered as a particle and the electromagnetic energy associated with it is shown to be proportional to the de Broglie frequency .	This energy is released when its motion is arrested , as for example on a diffraction screen , where it causes the observed interfernce patterns .
+1	The two key features of the discretization are ( a ) use of midpoint integration to evaluate the contribution matrices , and ( b ) an unconventional bending of the mesh into complex space .	Motivated by problems where the response is needed at select localized regions in a large computational domain , we devise a novel finite element discretization that results in exponential convergence at pre-selected points .	Named complex-length finite element method ( CFEM ) , the technique is linked to Pade approximants that provide exponential convergence of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps and thus the solution at specified points in the domain .	Exponential convergence facilitates drastic reduction in the number of elements .	This , combined with sparse computation associated with linear finite elements , results in significant reduction in the computational cost .
+1	It is proved that the abstraction preserves a rich class of specifications in the logic of knowledge , including specifications describing what an agent knows about other agents ' knowledge .	The paper describes an abstraction for protocols that are based on multiple rounds of Chaum 's Dining Cryptographers protocol .	This result can be used to optimize model checking of Dining Cryptographers-based protocols , and applied within a methodology for knowledge-based program implementation and verification .	Some case studies of such an application are given , for a protocol that uses the Dining Cryptographers protocol as a primitive in an anonymous broadcast system .	Performance results are given for model checking knowledge-based specifications in the concrete and abstract models of this protocol , and some new conclusions about the protocol are derived .
+0	The properties of dust attenuation at rest-frame UV wavelengths are inferred from very high-quality FORS2 spectra of 78 galaxies from the GMASS survey at 1 & lt ; z & lt ; 2.5 .	These objects complement a previously investigated sample of 108 UV-luminous galaxies at similar redshifts , selected from the FDF spectroscopic survey , the K20 survey , and the GDDS .	The shape of the UV extinction curve is constrained by a parametric description of the rest-frame UV continuum .	The UV bump is further characterised by fitting Lorentzian-like profiles .	Spectra exhibit a significant 2175A feature in at least 30 % of the cases .
+4	This value for $ \nu $ agrees excellently with the field-theoretic renormalization-group prediction , but there is some discrepancy for $ \Delta_1 $ .	We make a high-precision Monte Carlo study of two- and three-dimensional self-avoiding walks ( SAWs ) of length up to 80000 steps , using the pivot algorithm and the Karp-Luby algorithm .	We study the critical exponents $ \nu $ and $ 2\Delta_4 -\gamma $ as well as several universal amplitude ratios ; in particular , we make an extremely sensitive test of the hyperscaling relation $ d\nu = 2\Delta_4 -\gamma $ .	In two dimensions , we confirm the predicted exponent $ \nu = 3/4 $ and the hyperscaling relation ; we estimate the universal ratios $ \ & lt ; R_g^2\ & gt ; / \ & lt ; R_e^2\ & gt ; = 0.14026 \pm 0.00007 $ , $ \ & lt ; R_m^2\ & gt ; / \ & lt ; R_e^2\ & gt ; = 0.43961 \pm 0.00034 $ and $ \Psi^* = 0.66296 \pm 0.00043 $ ( 68\ % confidence limits ) .	In three dimensions , we estimate $ \nu = 0.5877 \pm 0.0006 $ with a correction-to-scaling exponent $ \Delta_1 = 0.56 \pm 0.03 $ ( subjective 68\ % confidence limits ) .
+1	Isochrone , chemical and lithium ages are estimated for them .	We have investigated a group of stars known to have low chromospheric ages , but high kinematical ages .	The majority of stars in this group show lithium abundances much smaller than expected for their chromospheric ages , which is interpreted as an indication of their old age .	Radial velocity measurements in the literature also show that they are not close binaries .	The results suggest that they can be formed from the coalescence of short-period binaries .
+0	Half-metallic ferromagnetic full-Heusler alloys containing Co and Mn , having the formula Co $ _2 $ MnZ where Z a sp element , are among the most studied Heusler alloys due to their stable ferromagnetism and the high Curie temperatures which they present .	Using state-of-the-art electronic structure calculations we show that when Mn atoms migrate to sites occupied in the perfect alloys by Co , these Mn atoms have spin moments antiparallel to the other transition metal atoms .	The ferrimagnetic compounds , which result from this procedure , keep the half-metallic character of the parent compounds and the large exchange-splitting of the Mn impurities atoms only marginally affects the width of the gap in the minority-spin band .	The case of [ Co $ _ { 1-x } $ Mn $ _x $ ] $ _2 $ MnSi is of particular interest since Mn $ _3 $ Si is known to crystallize in the Heusler $ L2_1 $ lattice structure of Co $ _2 $ MnZ compounds .	Robust half-metallic ferrimagnets are highly desirable for realistic applications since they lead to smaller energy losses due to the lower external magnetic fields created with respect to their ferromagnetic counterparts .
+2	When voids are penalized by external pressure , the system is forced to trade off these competing effects , leading to sometimes striking periodic patterns .	In the deformation of layered materials such as geological strata , or stacks of paper , mechanical properties compete with the geometry of layering .	Smooth , rounded corners lead to voids between the layers , while close packing of the layers results in geometrically-induced curvature singularities .	In this paper we construct a simple model of geometrically nonlinear multi-layered structures under axial loading and pressure confinement , with non-interpenetration conditions separating the layers .	Energy minimizers are characterized as solutions of a set of fourth-order nonlinear differential equations with contact-force Lagrange multipliers , or equivalently of a fourth-order free-boundary problem .
+2	Observations show that they are energetic sources of radiation throughout most of the electromagnetic spectrum , including relativistic plasma , gas and dust , stars and the active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) .	High redshift radio galaxies are among the largest , most luminous , most massive , and most beautiful objects in the Universe .	They are generally identified from their radio emission , thought to be powered by accretion of matter onto supermassive black holes in the nuclei of their host galaxies .	1 HzRGs are inferred to be extremely massive , including old stars ( up to $ \sim $ 10 $ ^ { 12 } $ M $ _ { \odot } $ ) , hot gas ( up to $ \sim $ 10 $ ^ { 12 } $ M $ _ { \odot } $ ) and molecular gas ( up to $ \sim $ 10 $ ^ { 11 } $ M $ _ { \odot } $ ) .Because they are highly luminous and ( unlike quasars ) spatially resolvable from the ground , most components of HzRGs provide important diagnostic information about the spatial distributions of processes within HzRGs and their environment .	The fact that the different constituents are present in the same objects and that the { \bf { \it interrelationships and interactions between them } } can be studied make distant radio galaxies unique laboratories for probing massive galaxy and cluster formation in the early Universe .
+0	Coronal waves are an important aspect of the dynamics of the plasma in the corona .	Wavefront dislocations are topological features of most waves in nature and also of magnetohydrodynamic waves .	Are there dislocations in coronal waves ?	The finding and explanation of dislocations may shed light on the nature and characteristics of the propagating waves , their interaction in the corona and in general on the plasma dynamics .	We positively identify dislocations in coronal waves observed by the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter ( CoMP ) as singularities in the Doppler shifts of emission coronal lines .
+2	I have applied this idea in 1996 to the problem of the largest cold gravitating system , the finite Universe itself .	This is an essay sketching the line of thinking which has led the present author to propose the constituent or atomic model of gravitation more than a decade ago .	It turns out that viewing the problem of gravitation as a quantum many body problem could be quite useful when addressing some old unsolved problems such as the cosmological constant problem .	The result was the prediction of a small , positive vacuum energy density , now known , after its experimental discovery in 1998 , as `dark energy ' .	The smallness of this quantity was understood as the finite size effect in the cold quantum many body system , and I quote here from \cite { Ma96 } , { \it `` The smallness of the cosmological constant in natural Planck units is a result of an almost perfect thermodynamical limit .
+1	Taking into account all relevant orbital states as well as their specific content along the Fermi surface we evaluate the charge and spin dynamical structure factors for the compounds LaOFeAs and LiFeAs , based on tight-binding models which are fully consistent with recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( ARPES ) data .	We develop a phenomenological theory to predict the characteristic features of the momentum-dependent scattering amplitude in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering ( RIXS ) at the energy scale of the superconducting gap in iron-based superconductors .	We find a characteristic intensity redistribution between charge and spin dynamical structure factors which discriminates between sign-reversing and sign-preserving quasiparticle excitations .	Consequently , our results show that RIXS spectra can distinguish between $ s_\pm $ and $ s_ { ++ } $ wave gap functions in the singlet pairing case .	In addition , we find that an analogous intensity redistribution at small momenta can reveal the presence of a chiral $ p $ -wave triplet pairing .
+0	We present the results of HI spectral stacking analysis of Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope ( GMRT ) observations targeting the COSMOS field .	The GMRT data cube contains 474 field galaxies with redshifts known from the zCOSMOS-bright 10k catalogue .	Spectra for the galaxies are co-added and the stacked spectrum allows us to make a $ \sim 3\sigma $ measurement of the average HI mass .	Using this average HI mass along with the integral optical $ B $ -band luminosity of the galaxies and the luminosity density of the COSMOS field , a volume normalisation is applied to obtain the cosmic HI mass density ( $ \Omega_ { \rm HI } $ ) .	We find a cosmic HI mass density of $ \Omega_ { \rm HI } $ = ( 0.42 $ \pm $ 0.16 ) $ \times $ 10 $ ^ { -3 } $ at $ z \sim 0.37 $ , which is the highest-redshift measurement of $ \Omega_ { \rm HI } $ ever made using HI spectral stacking .
+1	However , these properties also mean that it is nontrivial to write performant SPARQL queries .	The combination of the flexibility of RDF and the expressiveness of SPARQL provides a powerful mechanism to model , integrate and query data .	Indeed , it is quite easy to create queries that tax even the most optimised triple stores .	Currently , application developers have little concrete guidance on how to write `` good '' queries .	The goal of this paper is to begin to bridge this gap .
+0	We examine the conformations of a model for under- and overwound DNA .	The molecule is represented as a cylindrically symmetric elastic string subjected to a stretching force and to constraints corresponding to a specification of the link number .	We derive a fundamental relation between the Euler angles that describe the curve and the topological linking number .	Analytical expressions for the spatial configurations of the molecule in the infinite- length limit were obtained .	A unique configuraion minimizes the energy for a given set of physical conditions .
+2	Different capture mechanisms for irregulars operate at different stages on the giant planets formation process .	It is widely accepted that the large obliquity of Uranus is the result of a great tangential collision ( GC ) with an Earth size proto-planet at the end of the accretion .	We attempt to constraint the GC scenario as the cause of Uranus ' obliquity as well as on the mechanisms able to give origin to the Uranian irregulars .	The mechanisms able to capture the uranian irregulars before and after the GC are analysed .	Assuming that they were captured before the GC , we calculate the orbital transfer of the nine irregulars by the impulse imparted by the GC .
+4	Subsequently , we further generalize the results in several directions , including : ( i ) finite-state sources and finite-state channels , along with a universal decoding metric that is based on Lempel-Ziv parsing , ( ii ) arbitrary sources and channels , where the universal decoding is with respect to a given class of decoding metrics , and ( iii ) full ( symmetric ) Slepian-Wolf coding , where both source streams are separately fed into random-binning source encoders , followed by random channel encoders , which are then jointly decoded by a universal decoder .	We consider a setting of Slepian -- Wolf coding , where the random bin of the source vector undergoes channel coding , and then decoded at the receiver , based on additional side information , correlated to the source .	For a given distribution of the randomly selected channel codewords , we propose a universal decoder that depends on the statistics of neither the correlated sources nor the channel , assuming first that they are both memoryless .	Exact analysis of the random-binning/random-coding error exponent of this universal decoder shows that it is the same as the one achieved by the optimal maximum a-posteriori ( MAP ) decoder .	Previously known results on universal Slepian-Wolf source decoding , universal channel decoding , and universal source-channel decoding , are all obtained as special cases of this result .
+1	Recently , several authors extended these results to the case of generalized minimum poset weights by using different methods .	In 1991 , Wei introduced generalized minimum Hamming weights for linear codes and showed their monotonicity and duality .	Here , we would like to prove the duality by using matroid theory .	This gives yet another and very simple proof of it .	In particular , our argument will make it clear that the duality follows from the well-known relation between the rank function and the corank function of a matroid .
+1	If the radius of the S^3 is small the calculations can be performed at weak coupling for any value of the S^1 radius .	In this paper we consider the phase structure of `` orientifold '' gauge theories -- obtained from unitary supersymmetric gauge theories by replacing adjoint Majorana fermions by Dirac fermions in the symmetric or anti-symmetric representations -- in finite volume S^3 x S^1 .	We demonstrate that there is a confinement/de-confining type of phase transition even when the fermions have periodic ( non-thermal ) boundary conditions around S^1 .	At small radius of S^1 , the theory is in a phase where charge conjugation and large non-periodic gauge transformation are spontaneously broken .	But for large radius of S^1 the phase preseves these symmetries just as in the related supersymmetric theory .
+2	We also review what is known about the corresponding generalization of the Froissart-Martin bound and the experimental status of high energy hadronic cross sections which appear to saturate it up to the experimentally accessible limit of 100 TeV .	The rate at which cross sections grow with energy is sensitive to the presence of extra dimensions in a rather model-independent fashion .	We examine how rates would be expected to grow if there are more spatial dimensions than 3 which appear at some energy scale , making connections with black hole physics and string theory .	We discuss how extra dimensions can be searched for in high energy cross section data and find no room for large extra dimensions in present data .	Any apparent signatures of extra dimensions at the LHC may have to be interpreted as due to some other form of new physics .
+0	We show how multiplier ideals can be used to obtain uniform multiplicative bounds for certain families of ideals on a smooth complex algebraic variety .	In particular we prove a quick but rather surprising result about symbolic powers of radical ideals on such a variety .	Specifically , let I be a radical ideal sheaf on a smooth variety X defining a reduced subscheme Z of X and suppose that every irreducible component of Z has codimension at most e in X .	Given an integer m & gt ; 0 suppose that f is a function germ that vanishes to order at least e.m at a general point of each irreducible component of Z .	Then in fact f lies in the m-th power I^m of I .
+2	and may be further constrained to $ |\xi| & lt ; 0.07\pi $ at TLEP .	In this paper , we put constraints on anomalous $ \mathcal { CP } $ -violating top-Higgs couplings using the currently available Higgs data and explore the prospect of measuring these couplings at 240 GeV TLEP .	We find that the $ \mathcal { CP } $ -violating phase $ \xi $ is currently limited in the range $ |\xi| & lt ; 0.6\pi $ at 95\ % C.L .	Under this consideration , we further investigate the observability of the scalar ( $ \xi =0 $ ) , pseudoscalar ( $ \xi =0.5\pi $ ) and mixed ( $ \xi =0.25\pi $ ) top-Higgs interactions through the channel $ pp \to t ( \to \ell^+\nu_\ell b ) h ( \to b\overline { b } ) j $ .	We find that it is most promising to observe pure pseudoscalar interactions with $ y_t=y_t^ { SM } $ , although this will be challenging due to a low signal to background ratio .
+3	The decay width of the omega meson into three pions agrees very well with experiment .	The decays of light vector mesons into three pseudoscalar mesons are calculated to leading order in the recently proposed counting scheme that is based on the hadrogenesis conjecture .	Fully differential as well as integrated decay widths are presented .	Since the required parameters have been fixed by other processes , the considered three-body decays are predictions of the presented approach .	The partial decay widths of the K^* into its three K-pi-pi channels are predicted .
+3	The trapping effect does not require light to be coherent .	We examine the properties of a new family of defects called hyperbolic disclinations , and discuss their possible use for the design of perfect optical absorbers .	In hyperbolic metamaterials , the ratio of ordinary and extraordinary permittivities is negative , which leads to an effective metric of Kleinian signature ( two timelike coordinates ) .	Considering a disclination in the hyperbolic nematic host matrix , we show that the timelike geodesics are Poinsot spirals , i.e.whatever the impact parameter of an incident light beam , it is confined and whirls about the defect core .	This property also remains in the wave formalism , which may be the sign for many potential applications .
+3	The electronic spectrum and resistivity are investigated for a range of temperature and electron-phonon coupling strengths .	A many-body coherent potential approximation ( CPA ) previously developed for the double exchange ( DE ) model is extended to include coupling to local quantum phonons .	The Holstein-DE model studied ( equal to the Holstein model for zero Hund coupling ) is considered to be a simple model for the colossal magnetoresistance manganites .	We concentrate on effects due to the quantisation of the phonons , such as the formation of polaron subbands .	Good agreement with experiment is found for the Curie temperature and resistivity with intermediate electron-phonon coupling strength , but phonon quantisation is found not to have a significant effect in this coupling regime .
+3	Peculiarities of applying the squaring method in Majorana representation are investigated as well .	It is shown that the known method to solve the Dirac equation by means of the squaring method , when relying on the scalar function of the form \Phi = e^ { -i\epsilon t } e^ { ik_ { 1 } x } e^ { ik_ { 2 } y } \sin ( kz + \alpha ) leads to a 4-dimensional space of the Dirac solutions .	It is shown that so constructed basis is equivalent to the space of the Dirac states relied on the use of quantum numbers k_ { 1 } , k_ { 2 } , \pm k and helicity operator ; linear transformations relating these two spaces are found .	Application of the squaring method substantially depends on the choice of representation for the Dirac matrices , some features of this are considered .	The constructed bases are relevant to describe the Casimir effect for Dirac and Weyl fields in the domain restricted by two planes .
+3	Of the 21 cluster candidates 7 are spectroscopically confirmed in the literature .	In this paper we serendipitously identify X-ray cluster candidates using XMM-Newton archival observations complemented by 5-band optical photometric follow-up observations ( r~23 mag ) as part of the X-ray Identification ( XID ) programme .	Our sample covers an area of ~2.1 sq .	deg ( 15 XMM-Newton fields ) and comprises a total of 21 ( 19 serendipitous + 2 target ) extended X-ray sources to the limit f ( 0.5-2keV ) ~ 6x10^ { -15 } cgs with a high probability ( & gt ; 99.9 % ) of being extended on the XMM-Newton images .	Exploiting the optical data available for these fields we discover that 68 % of the X-ray cluster candidates are associated with optical galaxy overdensities .
+1	The theory is defined on a space-time cylinder with `` twisted '' boundary conditions , periodic for one colour component ( the diagonal 3- component ) and antiperiodic for the other two .	SU ( 2 ) gauge theory coupled to massless fermions in the adjoint representation is quantized in light-cone gauge by imposing the equal-time canonical algebra .	The focus of the study is on the non-trivial vacuum structure and the fermion condensate .	It is shown that the indefinite-metric quantization of free gauge bosons is not compatible with the residual gauge symmetry of the interacting theory .	A suitable quantization of the unphysical modes of the gauge field is necessary in order to guarantee the consistency of the subsidiary condition and allow the quantum representation of the residual gauge symmetry of the classical Lagrangian : the 3-colour component of the gauge field must be quantized in a space with an indefinite metric while the other two components require a positive-definite metric .
+4	We use functorial methods extensively in the proof , developing some of this theory in the context of triangulated categories .	With applications in mind to the representations and cohomology of block algebras , we examine elements of the graded center of a triangulated category when the category has a Serre functor .	These are natural transformations from the identity functor to powers of the shift functor that commute with the shift functor We show that such natural transformations which have support in a single shift orbit of indecomposable objects are necessarily of a kind previously constructed by Linckelmann .	Under further conditions , when the support is contained in only finitely many shift orbits , sums of transformations of this special kind account for all possibilities .	Allowing infinitely many shift orbits in the support , we construct elements of the graded center of the stable module category of a tame group algebra of a kind that can not occur with wild block algebras .
+3	The systematic variation of the shape coefficient converting the measured central velocity dispersion $ sigma_0 $ into the virial rms velocity $ sigma_ { rms } $ is found to be the main cause of the tilt , due to aperture effects .	We analyse the structural and dynamical properties of a sample of 324 nearby elliptical and dwarf elliptical galaxies observed during an extensive NIR survey in H-band ( 1.65 micron ) .	The Fundamental Plane ( FP ) is determined and a significant tilt is assessed .	The origins of such a tilt are investigated by means of a spherically symmetric , isotropic pressure supported dynamical model relying on the observed surface brightness profiles .	Moreover the ratio between the dynamical mass $ M_ { dyn } $ and the total H-band luminosity $ L_H $ turns out to be roughly constant along the luminosity sequence of ellipticals : H-band luminosity is therefore a reliable and cheap estimator of the dynamical mass of the Es .
+3	Its formulation consists in a derivation of a reference model associated to an elementary nominal model , and in a set of transformations to apply to this proof until it takes into account the wanted features .	We introduce a framework for computer-aided derivation of multi-scale models .	It relies on a combination of an asymptotic method used in the field of partial differential equations with term rewriting techniques coming from computer science .	In our approach , a multi-scale model derivation is characterized by the features taken into account in the asymptotic analysis .	In addition to the reference model proof , the framework includes first order rewriting principles designed for asymptotic model derivations , and second order rewriting principles dedicated to transformations of model derivations .
+2	Biases are explained and discussed .	We report sub-arcsec CO observations of the disks around MWC 480 , LkCa 15 and DM Tau , and simultaneous measurements of HCO+ J=1-0 .	We derive the disk properties by fitting a standard disk model , with all parameters power laws of the distance to the star .	We find evidence for vertical temperature gradient in the disks of MWC 480 and DM Tau , as in AB Aur , but not in LkCa 15 .	The disks temperature increase with stellar effective temperature .
+2	The possible phases are the ferromagnetic , the XY , the Haldane , the dimer , and the N\'eel ones .	The phase diagram of the spin-1 bond-alternating XXZ chain is studied numerically .	This model is appropriate to study the VBS picture and the hidden Z_2\times Z_2 symmetry concerning to the Haldane gap problem .	The critical properties of this model can be interpreted as the Ashkin-Teller type reflecting the hidden Z_2\times Z_2 symmetry .	The phase transitions are of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type ( XY-Haldane and XY-dimer ) , of the 2D Gaussian type ( Haldane-dimer ) , and of the 2D Ising type ( Haldane-N\'eel and dimer-N\'eel ) .
+2	We perform the analyses by using an independent statistical method based on posterior samplings and model comparisons in the Bayesian framework that is known to be more sensitive to weak signals of low-mass planets .	We re-analyse the recently published HARPS and PFS velocities of the nearby K dwarf GJ 221 that have been reported to contain the signatures of two planets orbiting the star .	Our goal is to see whether the earlier studies discussing the system fell victims of false negative detections .	According to our analyses , we find strong evidence in favour of a third candidate planet in the system corresponding to a cold sub-Saturnian planet with an orbital period of 500 days and a minimum mass of 29 $ M_ { \oplus } $ .	Application of sub-optimal signal detection methods can leave low-amplitude signals undetected in radial velocity time-series .
+2	Moreover , we explain the cuboctahedra phase behavior using perturbative free energy calculations .	Depletion interactions arise from entropic forces , and their ability to induce aggregation and even ordering of colloidal particles through self-assembly is well established , especially for spherical colloids .	We vary the size and concentration of penetrable hard sphere depletants in a system of cuboctahedra , and we show how depletion changes the preferential facet alignment of the colloids and thereby selects different crystal structures .	We find that cuboctahedra can form a stable simple cubic phase , and , remarkably , that the stability of this phase can only be rationalized by considering the effects of both the colloid and depletant entropy .	We corroborate our results by analyzing how the depletant concentration and size affect the emergent directional entropic forces and hence the effective particle shape .
+0	We explore the effect of varying drive on metastability features exhibited by the vortex matter in single crystals of 2H-NbSe $ _2 $ and CeRu $ _2 $ with varying degree of random pinning .	An optimal balance between the pinning and driving force is needed to view the metastability effects in typically weakly pinned specimen of low temperature superconductors .	As one uses samples with larger pinning in order to differentiate the response of different metastable vortex states , one encounters a new phenomena , viz. , the second magnetization peak ( SMP ) anomaly prior to the PE .	Interplay between the path dependence in the critical current density and the non-linearity in the electromagnetic response determine the metastability effects seen in first and the third harmonic response of the ac susceptibility across the temperature regions of the SMP and the PE .	The limiting temperature above which metastability effects cease can be conveniently located in the third harmonic data , and the observed behavior can be rationalized within the Beans Critical State model .
+1	This article proposes a class of models of supersymmetric composite dark matter where the interactions with the Standard Model communicate supersymmetry breaking to the dark sector .	Theories of dark matter that support bound states are an intriguing possibility for the identity of the missing mass of the Universe .	In these models supersymmetry breaking can be treated as a perturbation on the spectrum of bound states .	Using a general formalism , the spectrum with leading supersymmetry effects is computed without specifying the details of the binding dynamics .	The interactions of the composite states with the Standard Model are computed and several benchmark models are described .
+3	In particular , the zero-temperature energy gap to the critical temperature ratio : R $ _ { \Delta } ^ { { \rm LiC } _6 } $ =3.72 and R $ _ { \Delta } ^ { { \rm Li } _ { 2 } { \rm C } _6 } $ =4.21 ; the ratio of the specific heat for superconducting and the normal state : R $ _ { \rm C } ^ { { \rm LiC } _6 } $ =1.47 and R $ _ { \rm C } ^ { { \rm Li } _ { 2 } { \rm C } _6 } $ =1.79 ; and the parameter connected with the zero-temperature thermodynamic critical field : R $ _ { \rm H } ^ { { \rm LiC } _6 } $ =0.167 and R $ _ { \rm H } ^ { { \rm Li } _ { 2 } { \rm C } _6 } $ =0.144 .	It has been recently observed that the conventional electron-phonon mediated superconducting phase in graphene can be easily induced by doping its surface with the lihitum adatoms .	Due to the emerging interest in this field of research we present our theoretical discussion of the thermodynamic properties of this novel structures within the strong-coupling limit .	We show , that together with the increase of the adatom doping , from one ( LiC $ _ { 6 } $ ) to two ( Li $ _ { 2 } $ C $ _ { 6 } $ ) lithium atoms per unit cell , the critical temperature ( $ T_C $ ) changes from 8.55 K to 21.83 K. Such trend is also observed for other thermodynamic properties which moreover differ from the predictions of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory .	Finally the electron effective mass at $ T_c $ is calculated to be : $ ( 1.62m_e ) _ { { \rm LiC } _6 } $ and $ ( 2.48m_e ) _ { { \rm Li } _ { 2 } { \rm C } _6 } $ .
+4	In this paper we analyze the genus zero picture and find that the wall-crossing in this case significantly generalizes toric mirror symmetry ( the toric cases correspond to abelian groups G ) .	For each positive rational number epsilon , the theory of epsilon-stable quasimaps to certain GIT quotients W//G developed in arXiv:1106.3724 [ math.AG ] gives rise to a Cohomological Field Theory .	Furthermore , there is an asymptotic theory corresponding to epsilon -- & gt ; 0 .	For epsilon & gt ; 1 one obtains the usual Gromov-Witten theory of W//G , while the other theories are new .	However , they are all expected to contain the same information and in particular the numerical invariants should be related by wall-crossing formulas .
+1	With the peculiar motions of their hosts , we find that the matter content at such low redshift is only about 10 % of that at much higher redshifts ; such a low matter density can not be produced from density perturbations in the background of the \Lambda CDM expansion .	A higher value of Hubble constant has been obtained from measurements with nearby Type Ia supernovae , than that obtained at much higher redshift .	Recently the Planck team has reported a lower Hubble constant and a higher matter content .	We find that the dark energy density increases with cosmic time , so that its equation-of-state parameter decreases with cosmic time and is less than -1 at low redshift .	Such dark energy evolution is responsible for driving the super-accelerating expansion of the universe .
+2	This understanding has recently been challenged by an increasing number of observations in uranium systems ( UGe2 , URhGe , UIr and UCoGe ) in which superconductivity is found within a ferromagnetic state and , more fundamentally , both ordering phenomena are exhibited by the same set of heavy 5f electrons .	In strongly correlated materials , cooperative behavior of the electrons causes a variety of quantum ordered states that may , in some cases , coexist .	It has long been believed , however , that such coexistence among ferromagnetic ordering , superconductivity and heavy-fermion behavior is impossible , as the first supports parallel spin alignment while the conventional understanding of the latter two phenomena assumes spin-singlet or anti-parallel spins .	Since the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism is at odds with the standard theory of phonon-mediated spin-singlet superconductivity , it requires an alternative pairing mechanism , in which electrons are bound into spin-triplet pairs by spin fluctuations .	Within the heavy-fermion scenario , this alternative mechanism assumes that the magnetism has a band character and that said band forms from heavy quasiparticles composed of f electrons .
+2	In this geometry , our model predicts a jammed-to-flowing transition as $ \theta $ is increased even though it does not include solid friction , which might seem necessary to stabilize a state without flow .	Granular material on an inclined plane will flow like a fluid if the angle $ \theta $ the plane makes with the horizontal is large enough .	We employ a modification of a hydrodynamic model introduced previously to describe Couette flow experiments to describe chute flow down a plane .	The transition is driven by coupling between mean and fluctuating velocity .	In agreement with experiments and simulations , it predicts flow for layers with a thickness H larger than a critical value $ H_ { \rm stop } ( \theta ) $ and absence of flow for $ H & lt ; H_ { \rm stop } ( \theta ) $ .
+3	This is independent of the gravity action with metric as the field variable , gauge fixing condition and regularization scheme .	The leading term in the gauge coupling beta function comes due to interaction of gauge field with gravitons .	It is shown to be a universal quantity for all gauge theories .	At one-loop it is found to be zero in four dimensions .	This term being universally same for all gauge groups is further studied in the case of abelian gauge theories , where due to self-duality this term is shown to be zero to all loops , on-shell .
+2	The availability of a polarized beam and a polarized target did allow to measure the GDH sum rule up to 2.9 GeV .	At ELSA interesting results on baryon resonances have been obtained by the CB-ELSA , the CBELSA/TAPS and the SAPHIR collaborations .	New resonances were found , in particular a new $ \rm D_ { 15 } ( 2070 ) $ decaying into $ p\eta $ , was recently observed by the CB-ELSA experiment .	In the future double polarization experiments will be performed using the Crystal Barrel detector together with new forward detector components .	These polarization observables will provide important additional information for the partial wave analyses performed to extract the contributing resonances and their parameters from the data .
+1	In this paper , we define $ H^ { 0 } ( G , A ) $ and $ H^ { 1 } ( G , A ) $ and will find a six terms exact cohomology sequence involving $ H^ { 0 } $ and $ H^ { 1 } $ .	Let $ G $ be a topological group and $ A $ a topological $ G $ -module ( not necessarily abelian ) .	We will extend it to a seven terms exact sequence of cohomology up to dimension two .	We find a criterion such that vanishing of $ H^ { 1 } ( G , A ) $ implies the connectivity of $ G $ .	We show that if $ H^ { 1 } ( G , A ) =1 $ , then all complements of $ A $ in the semidirect product $ G\ltimes A $ are conjugate .
+2	Standard normal distribution is used to allot alignment time among translation subtables , which results in adjustment of the distribution of n- grams .	By investigating the distribution of phrase pairs in phrase translation tables , the work in this paper describes an approach to increase the number of n-gram alignments in phrase translation tables output by a sampling-based alignment method .	This approach consists in enforcing the alignment of n-grams in distinct translation subtables so as to increase the number of n-grams .	This leads to better evaluation results on statistical machine translation tasks than the original sampling-based alignment approach .	Furthermore , the translation quality obtained by merging phrase translation tables computed from the sampling-based alignment method and from MGIZA++ is examined .
+1	We explicitly incorporate the effects of backflow into the calculations of the local electric field and current , leading to a current which is properly divergenceless .	We study the flux-flow Hall effect and thermomagnetic transport near the upper critical field \hctwo\ in extreme type-II superconductors starting from a suitable generalization of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations .	The Hall conductivity calculated from this current agrees with other mean-field calculations which assume a uniform applied electric field ( the Schmid-Caroli-Maki solution ) , thereby vindicating these simplified treatments .	We then use these results to calculate the transverse thermomagnetic effects ( the Ettingshausen and Nernst effects ) .	The effects of thermal fluctuations and nonlocal elasticity of the flux lattice are incorporated using a method recently developed by Vecris and Pelcovits [ G. Vecris and R. A. Pelcovits , Phys.Rev .
+3	Recently , manifold regularized NMF used a nearest neighbor graph to regulate the learning of factorization parameter matrices and has shown its advantage over traditional NMF methods for data representation problems .	Inthischapterwediscusshowtolearnanoptimalmanifoldpresentationto regularize nonegative matrix factorization ( NMF ) for data representation problems .	NMF , whichtriestorepresentanonnegativedatamatrixasaproductoftwolowrank nonnegative matrices , has been a popular method for data representation due to its ability to explore the latent part-based structure of data .	Recent study shows that lots of data distributions have manifold structures , and we should respect the manifold structure when the data are represented .	However , how to construct an optimal graph to present the manifold prop- erly remains a difficultproblem due to the graph modelselection , noisy features , and nonlinear distributed data .
+1	It is shown here that the restoration of the full SM symmetry ( as in the Early Universe ) leads to the result that the electric charge loses all physical meaning and hence does not exist above this scale , As a direct consequence of this we show that `time ' , `light ' along with its velocity c and therefore the theory of relativity , all lose any physical meaning .	The most well tested and successful model of particle physics is the Standard Model ( SM ) .	The space-time structure as known to us , disappears in this phase transition .	Thus it is hypothesized that the Universe came into existence when the SM symmetry $ SU ( 3 ) _c \otimes SU ( 2 ) _L \otimes U ( 1 ) _Y $ was spontaneously broken to $ SU ( 3 ) _c \otimes U ( 1 ) _ { em } $ .	This does not require any spurious extensions of the SM and in a natural and consistent manner explains the origin of the Universe within the framework of the SM itself .
+2	In this paper , we explore a novel hybrid algorithm termed { \em STM } , for image recommendation .	With the incredibly growing amount of multimedia data shared on the social media platforms , recommender systems have become an important necessity to ease users ' burden on the information overload .	In such a scenario , extensive amount of heterogeneous information such as tags , image content , in addition to the user-to-item preferences , is extremely valuable for making effective recommendations .	STM jointly considers the problem of image content analysis with the users ' preferences on the basis of sparse representation .	STM is able to tackle the challenges of highly sparse user feedbacks and cold-start problmes in the social network scenario .
+2	In this paper we construct a small $ E_\infty $ chain operad $ \S $ which acts naturally on the normalized cochains $ S^*X $ of a topological space .	This is a revision of a paper first posted June 4 , 2001 .	It will appear in the Journal of the AMS .	We also construct , for each $ n $ , a suboperad $ \S_n $ which is quasi-isomorphic to the normalized singular chains of the little $ n $ -cubes operad .	The case $ n=2 $ leads to a substantial simplification of our earlier proof of Deligne 's Hochschild cohomology conjecture .
+1	In this paper we provide a formalism which also allows to study nonlinear systems .	Geometric techniques have played an important role in the seventies , for the study of the spectrum of many-body Schr\ '' odinger operators .	We start by defining a weak topology on many-body states , which appropriately describes the physical behavior of the system in the case of lack of compactness , that is when some particles are lost at infinity .	We provide several important properties of this topology and use them to provide a simple proof of the famous HVZ theorem in the repulsive case .	In a second step we recall the method of geometric localization in Fock space as proposed by Derezi\'nski and G\'erard , and we relate this tool to our weak topology .
+1	Most of existing studies took advantage of machine learning approaches to predict ad click for each event of ad view independently .	Click prediction is one of the fundamental problems in sponsored search .	However , as observed in the real-world sponsored search system , user 's behaviors on ads yield high dependency on how the user behaved along with the past time , especially in terms of what queries she submitted , what ads she clicked or ignored , and how long she spent on the landing pages of clicked ads , etc .	Inspired by these observations , we introduce a novel framework based on Recurrent Neural Networks ( RNN ) .	Compared to traditional methods , this framework directly models the dependency on user 's sequential behaviors into the click prediction process through the recurrent structure in RNN .
+0	We study the Hilbert functions of fat points in P^1 x P^1 .	If Z is an arbitrary fat point subscheme of P^1 x P^1 , then it can be shown that for every i and j the values of the Hilbert function H_Z ( l , j ) and H_Z ( i , l ) eventually become constant for l & gt ; & gt ; 0 .	We show how to determine these eventual values by using only the multiplicities of the points , and the relative positions of the points in P^1 x P^1 .	This enables us to compute all but a finite number values of H_Z without using the coordinates of points .	We also characterize the ACM fat points schemes using our description of the eventual behaviour .
+3	We find that indeed wavelet power histogram analysis reveals such QPOs centered at two frequencies of ~2.5E-3 Hz and 4-6E-3 Hz , respectively .	Following our previous work of Lachowicz & amp ; Czerny ( 2005 ) , we explore further the application of the continuous wavelet transform to X-ray astronomical signals .	Using the public archive of the XMM-Newton satellite , we analyze all available EPIC-pn observations for nearby Seyfert 1 galaxies MCG-6-30-15 and NGC 4051 .	We confine our analysis to 0.002-0.007 Hz frequency band in which , on the way of theoretically motivated premises , some quasi-periodic oscillations ( QPOs ) are expected to be found .	We show that these quasi-periodic features can be disentangled from the Poisson noise contamination level what is hardly to achieve with the standard Fourier analysis .
+0	A recently introduced particle-based model for fluid dynamics with continuous velocities is generalized to model immiscible binary mixtures .	Excluded volume interactions between the two components are modeled by stochastic multiparticle collisions which depend on the local velocities and densities .	Momentum and energy are conserved locally , and entropically driven phase separation occurs for high collision rates .	An explicit expression for the equation of state is derived , and the concentration dependence of the bulk free energy is shown to be the same as that of the Widom-Rowlinson model .	Analytic results for the phase diagram are in excellent agreement with simulation data .
+0	Minimum mean square error ( MMSE ) estimation of block sparse signals from noisy linear measurements is considered .	Unlike in the standard compressive sensing setup where the non-zero entries of the signal are independently and uniformly distributed across the vector of interest , the information bearing components appear here in large mutually dependent clusters .	Using the replica method from statistical physics , we derive a simple closed-form solution for the MMSE obtained by the optimum estimator .	We show that the MMSE is a version of the Tse-Hanly formula with system load and MSE scaled by parameters that depend on the sparsity pattern of the source .	It turns out that this is equal to the MSE obtained by a genie-aided MMSE estimator which is informed in advance about the exact locations of the non-zero blocks .
+1	Charged products were measured by means of the $ 4\pi $ INDRA array .	Decay modes of excited nuclei are investigated in $ ^ { 78,82 } $ Kr + $ ^ { 40 } $ Ca reactions at 5.5 MeV/nucleon .	Kinetic-energy spectra and angular distributions of fragments with atomic number 3 $ \le Z \le $ 28 indicate a high degree of relaxation and are compatible with a fission-like phenomenon .	Persistence of structure effects is evidenced from elemental cross-sections ( $ \sigma_ { Z } $ ) as well as a strong odd-even-staggering ( o-e-s ) of the light-fragment yields .	The magnitude of the staggering does not significantly depend on the neutron content of the emitting system .
+2	Here , we compare and analyze four recent approaches based on the Wright-Fisher model for inferring selection coefficients ( s ) given effective population size ( Ne ) , with simulated temporal datasets .	With novel developments in sequencing technologies , time-sampled data are becoming more available and accessible .	Naturally , there have been efforts in parallel to infer population genetic parameters from these datasets .	Furthermore , we demonstrate the advantage of a recently proposed ABC-based method that is able to correctly infer genome-wide average Ne from time-serial data , which is then set as a prior for inferring per-site selection coefficients accurately and precisely .	We implement this ABC method in a new software and apply it to a classical time-serial dataset of the medionigra genotype in the moth Panaxia dominula .
+1	We use this model to predict the thermodynamic history of the IGM when photoionized by galaxies forming in a cold dark matter ( CDM ) universe .	We develop a coupled model for the evolution of the global properties of the intergalactic medium ( IGM ) and the formation of galaxies , in the presence of a photoionizing background due to stars and quasars .	The evolution of the galaxies is calculated using a semi-analytical model , including a detailed treatment of the effects of tidal stripping and dynamical friction on satellite galaxies orbiting inside larger dark matter halos .	We include in the model the negative feedback on galaxy formation from the photoionizing background .	Photoionization inhibits galaxy formation in low-mass dark matter halos in two ways : ( i ) heating of the IGM and inhibition of the collapse of gas into dark halos by the IGM pressure , and ( ii ) reduction in the radiative cooling of gas within halos .
+4	In this paper , we propose a new streaming algorithm for discovering frequent episodes over a window of recent events in the stream .	Discovering frequent episodes over event sequences is an important data mining task .	In many applications , events constituting the data sequence arrive as a stream , at furious rates , and recent trends ( or frequent episodes ) can change and drift due to the dynamical nature of the underlying event generation process .	The ability to detect and track such the changing sets of frequent episodes can be valuable in many application scenarios .	Current methods for frequent episode discovery are typically multipass algorithms , making them unsuitable in the streaming context .
+3	The asymptotic behaviour of the corresponding quantities as functions of size is calculated .	The correlation function of two dimensional Ising model with the nearest neighbours interaction on the finite size lattice with the periodical boundary conditions is derived .	The expressions similar to the form factor representation are obtained both for the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic regions of coupling constant .	The peculiarities caused by the finite size of the system are discussed .	Some generalization of the obtained result is conjectured .
+4	We characterize the transport delay by relating it to nodal queueing behavior and the SD-distance distribution ; the former is a local property while the latter is a global property .	This paper studies the network throughput and transport delay of a multihop wireless random access network based on a Markov renewal model of packet transportation .	We show that the distribution of the source-to-destination ( SD ) distance plays a critical role in characterizing network performance .	We establish necessary and sufficient condition on the SD distance for scalable network throughput , and address the optimal rate allocation issue with fairness and the QoS requirements taken into consideration .	In respect to the end-to-end performance , the transport delay is explored in this paper along with network throughput .
+2	The abundances were determined by spectrum synthesis of high resolution ( R~25,000 ) , high signal-to-noise ( S/N~50-100 pixel-1 ) spectra obtained with the Blanco 4m telescope and Hydra multifiber spectrograph .	We report chemical abundances of Na , Al , Zr , La , Nd , and Eu for 39 red giant branch ( RGB ) stars and 23 potential inner disk red clump stars located in Plaut-s low extinction window .	We also measure lithium for a super Li-rich RGB star .	For the bulge RGB stars , we find a general increase in the [ Na/Fe ] and [ Na/Al ] ratios with increasing metallicity , and a similar decrease in [ La/Fe ] and [ Nd/Fe ] .	Additionally , the [ Al/Fe ] and [ Eu/Fe ] abundance trends almost identically follow those of the { \alpha } -elements , and the [ Zr/Fe ] ratios exhibit relatively little change with [ Fe/H ] .
+3	We show that the ultimate goal of this technique is to characterize the mapping between the space of photometric observables and redshift space as this characterization then allows us to infer the clustering-redshift p.d.f .	We present a data-driven method to infer the redshift distribution of an arbitrary dataset based on spatial cross-correlation with a reference population and we apply it to various datasets across the electromagnetic spectrum to show its potential and limitations .	Our approach advocates the use of clustering measurements on all available scales , in contrast to previous works focusing only on linear scales .	We also show how its accuracy can be enhanced by optimally sampling a dataset within its photometric space rather than applying the estimator globally .	of a single galaxy .
+1	Tunable ultraviolet emission from 309 to 322 nm is achieved from a vertical external cavity surface-emitting organic laser , with 2 % efficiency ( 1 $ \mu $ J at 315 nm ) .	A solid-state organic thin-film laser with intracavity frequency doubling is reported .	The laser comprises a polymethyl ( methacrylate ) layer doped with Rhodamine 640 , spun-cast onto a plane mirror , a remote concave mirror , a nonlinear crystal and a dichroic separator .	The output is spectrally narrow ( & lt ; 0.5 nm FWHM ) and tunable through phase-matching selection of the fundamental radiation lasing modes .	These results highlight a low-cost and portable alternative to tunable UV laser sources , useful for spectroscopic applications .
+1	The resulting correlators are all proportional to the two point correlation function , substantially amplified , with an amplification nearly exponential with the total rank of the correlators .	We apply a new statistics , the factorial moment correlators , to density maps obtained from the APM survey .	This confirms the validity of the hierarchical clustering assumption on the dynamic range examined , corresponding to $ 0.5 \hmpc - 50 \hmpc $ in three dimensional space .	The Kirkwood superposition with loop terms is strongly rejected .	The structure coefficients of the hierarchy are also fitted .
+2	In our description , we focus on the evaluation function as one of our central mechanisms for action selection .	The RoboCup 2D Simulation League incorporates several challenging features , setting a benchmark for Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) .	In this paper we describe some of the ideas and tools around the development of our team , Gliders2012 .	We also point to a new framework for watching log files in a web browser that we release for use and further development by the RoboCup community .	Finally , we also summarize results of the group and final matches we played during RoboCup 2012 , with Gliders2012 finishing 4th out of 19 teams .
+4	Annihilations into the dark mediators can produce observable gamma rays through decays to $ \pi^0 $ , through radiative processes when decaying to charged particles ( $ e^+e^- , \mu^+\mu^- , ... $ ) , and subsequent interactions of high energy $ e^+e^- $ with gas and light .	Recent evidence for an excess of gamma rays in the GeV energy range about the Galactic Center have refocused attention on models of dark matter in the low mass regime ( $ m_\chi \lesssim m_Z/2 $ ) .	Because this is an experimentally well-trod energy range , it can be a challenge to develop simple models that explain this excess , consistent with other experimental constraints .	We reconsider models where the dark matter couples to dark photon , which has a weak kinetic mixing to the Standard Model photon , or scalars with a weak mixing with the Higgs boson .	We focus on the light ( $ \lesssim 1.5 GeV $ ) dark mediator mass regime .
+2	Data of the fast particles generated in the full PIC system are copied to the reduced PIC system in real time as the fast particle source .	An integrated simulation approach fully based upon particle-in-cell ( PIC ) model is proposed , which involves both fast particle generation via laser solid-density plasma interaction and transport and energy deposition of the particles in extremely high density plasma .	It is realized by introducing two independent systems in a simulation , where the fast particle generation is simulated by a full PIC system and the transport and energy deposition computed by a second PIC system with a reduced field solver .	Unlike a two-region approach , which takes a single PIC system and two field solvers in two plasma density regions , respectively , the present one need not match the field-solvers since the reduced field solver and the full solver adopted respectively in the two systems are independent .	A simulation case is presented , which demonstrates that this approach can be applied to integrated simulation of fast ignition with real target densities .
+0	We employ monomer-resolved computer simulations of model dendrimer molecules , to examine the significance of many-body effects in concentrated solutions of the same .	In particular , we measure the radial distribution functions and the scattering functions between the centres of mass of the dissolved dendrimers at various concentrations , reaching values that slightly exceed the overlap density of the macromolecules .	We analyse the role played by many-body effective interactions by comparing the structural data to those obtained by applying exclusively the previously obtained two-body effective interactions between the dendrimers [ G { \ '' o } tze I O , Harreis H M and Likos C N 2004 { \it J . Chem.Phys . }	{ \bf 120 } 7761 ] .	We find that the effects of the many-body forces are small in general and they become weaker as the dendrimer flexibility increases .
+1	We show that any finite-time trajectory of a nonlinear dynamical system can be loaded approximately into the initial condition of a linear delay-differential system .	We describe a method to model nonlinear dynamical systems using periodic solutions of delay-differential equations .	It is further shown that the initial condition can be extended to a periodic solution of the delay-differential system if an appropriate choice of its parameters is made .	As a result , any finite set of trajectories of a nonlinear dynamical system can be modeled with arbitrarily small error via a set of periodic solutions of a linear delay-differential equation .	These results can be extended to some non-linear delay differential systems .
+3	LM programs are naturally concurrent because facts are partitioned by nodes of a graph data structure .	We have designed a new logic programming language called LM ( Linear Meld ) for programming graph-based algorithms in a declarative fashion .	Our language is based on linear logic , an expressive logical system where logical facts can be consumed .	Because LM integrates both classical and linear logic , LM tends to be more expressive than other logic programming languages .	Computation is performed at the node level while communication happens between connected nodes .
+1	The nonstrange baryonia B/bar B are contructed without the mixing of the quarks and antiquarks .	The relativistic six-quark equations including the u , d quarks and antiquarks are found .	The relativistic six-quark amplitudes of the baryonia are calculed .	The poles of these amplitudes determine the masses of baryonia .	16 masses of baryonia are predicted .
+4	Interestingly , we find that the radiation pattern is sensitive to the emission wavelength and the emitter positions respective to the apex , which can result in an increase of signal-to-noise ratio by suppressing undesired signal .	We demonstrate a high-performance apertureless near-field probe made of a tapered metal tip with a set of periodic shallow grooves near the apex .	The spontaneous emission from a single emitter near the tip is investigated systematically for the side-illumination tip enhanced spectroscopy ( TES ) .	In contrast with the bare tapered metal tip in conventional side-illumination TES , the corrugated probe not only enhances strongly local excitation field but also concentrates the emission directivity , which leads to high collection efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio .	In particular , we propose an asymmetric TES tip based on two coupling nanorods with different length at the apex to realize unidirectional enhanced emission rate from a single emitter .
+4	The average ground-state degeneracy is such that the probability of hitting an optimal pairing by chance scales like 2N2^ { -N } for large N. By insisting on the local ground-state energy for a restricted problem , airports can be split into smaller parts , and the state space reduced by typically a factor ~ 2^ { N_a } , with N_a the total number of airports .	A statistical analysis is performed for a random unrestricted local crew scheduling problem , expressed in terms of pairing arrivals with departures .	The analysis is aimed at understanding the structure of similar problems with global restrictions , and estimating their difficulty .	The methods developed are of a general nature and can be of use in other problems with a similar structure .	For large random problems , the ground-state energy scales like \sqrt { N } and the average excitation like N , where N is the number of arrivals/departures .
+3	Second , when the uncertainty set of channel transition statistics satisfies a convexity property , optimization is performed over the class of ARPUC through utilizing results of minimax robustness .	Orthogonal coding schemes , known to asymptotically achieve the capacity per unit cost ( CPUC ) for single-user ergodic memoryless channels with a zero-cost input symbol , are investigated for single-user compound memoryless channels , which exhibit uncertainties in their input-output statistical relationships .	A minimax formulation is adopted to attain robustness .	First , a class of achievable rates per unit cost ( ARPUC ) is derived , and its utility is demonstrated through several representative case studies .	The resulting CPUC lower bound indicates the ultimate performance of the orthogonal coding scheme , and coincides with the CPUC under certain restrictive conditions .
+0	Equal-arm interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms .	This is because the noise in the laser light is common to both arms , experiencing exactly the same delay , and thus cancels when it is differenced at the photo detector .	In this situation , much lower level secondary noises then set overall performance .	If , however , the two arms have different lengths ( as will necessarily be the case with space-borne interferometers ) , the laser noise experiences different delays in the two arms and will hence not directly cancel at the detector .	In order to solve this problem , a technique involving heterodyne interferometry with unequal arm lengths and independent phase-difference readouts has been proposed .
+1	It is found that the decoherence behavior of the central spin depends on the detuning , driving strength , the qubit-bath coupling and an important factor , associated with the number of the coupled atoms , the detailed lattice structure , and the temperature of the environment .	We study the behavior of the Rabi oscillations of a driven central spin ( qubit ) coupled to an antiferromagnetic spin bath ( environment ) .	If the detuning exists , the Rabi oscillations may show the behavior of collapses and revivals ; however , if the detuning is zero , such a behavior will not appear .	We investigate the weighted frequency distribution of the time evolution of the central spin inversion and give this phenomenon of collapses and revivals a reasonable explanation .	We also discuss the decoherence and the pointer states of the qubit from the perspectives of the von Neumann entropy .
+4	We compute their spectra directly from string theory , and adjust the associated mass parameter so that all gauge parameters exactly unify .	The spontaneous breaking of SU ( 4 ) heterotic standard models by Z_3 x Z_3 Wilson lines to the MSSM with three right-handed neutrino supermultiplets and gauge group SU ( 3 ) _C x SU ( 2 ) _L x U ( 1 ) x U ( 1 ) is explored .	The two-dimensional subspace of the Spin ( 10 ) Lie algebra that commutes with su ( 3 ) _C + su ( 2 ) _L is analyzed .	It is shown that there is a unique basis for which the initial soft supersymmetry breaking parameters are uncorrelated and for which the U ( 1 ) x U ( 1 ) field strengths have no kinetic mixing at any scale .	If the Wilson lines `` turn on '' at different scales , there is an intermediate regime with either a left-right or a Pati-Salam type model .
+0	The Ginsparg-Wilson ( G-W ) relation is extended for supersymmetric free theories on a lattice .	Exact lattice supersymmetry ( SUSY ) can be defined without any ambiguities in difference operators .	The lattice action constructed by a block-spin transformation is invariant under the symmetry .	$ U ( 1 ) _R $ symmetry on the lattice is also realized as one of exact symmetries .	For an application , the extended G-W relation is given for a two-dimensional model with chiral-multiplets .
+1	In the closed ( so called : k=1 ) case certain technical difficulties have been the obstacle that stopped the development .	The basic idea of the LQC applies to every spatially homogeneous cosmological model , however only the spatially flat ( so called $ k=0 $ ) case has been understood in detail in the literature thus far .	In this work the difficulties are overcome , and a new LQC model of the spatially closed , homogeneous , isotropic universe is constructed .	The topology of the spacelike section of the universe is assumed to be that of SU ( 2 ) or SO ( 3 ) .	Surprisingly , according to the results achieved in this work , the two cases can be distinguished from each other just by the local properties of the quantum geometry of the universe .
+4	We observe a strong energy dependence of the resulting proton fractions , and find no support from any of the models for a significant contribution from iron nuclei .	Using the data taken at the Pierre Auger Observatory between December 2004 and December 2012 , we have examined the implications of the distributions of depths of atmospheric shower maximum ( Xmax ) , using a hybrid technique , for composition and hadronic interaction models .	We do this by fitting the distributions with predictions from a variety of hadronic interaction models for variations in the composition of the primary cosmic rays and examining the quality of the fit .	Regardless of what interaction model is assumed , we find that our data are not well described by a mix of protons and iron nuclei over most of the energy range .	Acceptable fits can be obtained when intermediate masses are included , and when this is done consistent results for the proton and iron-nuclei contributions can be found using the available models .
+2	Interaction matrix elements in other channels influence significantly the_ratio_ of these coefficients .	For two neutrons and two protons or two neutron holes and two proton holes in a single j-shell , the state |phi & gt ; with isospin and seniority zero and the lowest angular momentum zero state |chi & gt ; produced by an attractive interaction of quasinucleon pairs with angular momentum 2j have a large overlap for all relevant j and large contents of quasinucleon pairs with angular momenta 2j and 0 , respectively .	In the 1f7/2 and 1g9/2 shells , the large negative matrix elements of the effective interaction in these two channels relative to most of the rest therefore_cooperate_ to produce a ground state which is essentially a linear combination of |phi & gt ; and |chi & gt ; with comparable coefficients .	The state |phi & gt ; makes up about 80 % of the calculated ground states .	The overlaps of the latter with |chi & gt ; are_less_ in the 1g9/2 shell than in the 1f7/2 shell .
+3	To this end , we make use of a method for checking optimality of entanglement witnesses developed already in [ M. Lewenstein et al. , Phys.Rev .	In 2008 , the conjecture that structural physical approximations to optimal entanglement witnesses are separable states ( in general unnormalized ) was posed .	In an attempt to disprove it , in [ K.-C. Ha and S.-H. Kye , Separable states with unique decompositions , arXiv:1210.1088v3 ] , Ha and Kye proposed a decomposable entanglement witness whose SPA is entangled and argued that it is optimal .	In this note , which is based on a comment to the latter work [ R. Augusiak et al. , Comment on `` Separable states with unique decompositions '' , arXiv:1304.2040v1 ] , we show , both analytically and numerically , that this entanglement witness is not optimal , and as such it is not a counterexample to the conjecture .	A 62 , 052310 ( 2000 ) ] , however , hardly exploited so far in the literature .
+0	We investigate the phenomenology of warm inflation and present generic results about the evolution of the inflaton and radiation fields .	The general conditions required for warm inflation to take place are derived and discussed .	A comprehensive approach is presented for the generation of thermally induced adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations and the amplitude of their spectra calculated .	In addition we derive the ratio of tensor-to-scalar perturbations and find the spectral indices for adiabatic , isocurvature and tensor perturbations formed in the warm inflationary era .	These results are presented in a simplified and compact approach that is generally applicable .
+0	We review the particle theory origin of inflation and curvaton mechanisms for generating large scale structures and the observed temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) radiation .	Since inflaton or curvaton energy density creates all matter , it is important to understand the process of reheating and preheating into the relevant degrees of freedom required for the success of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis .	We discuss two distinct classes of models , one where inflaton and curvaton belong to the hidden sector , which are coupled to the Standard Model gauge sector very weakly .	There is another class of models of inflaton and curvaton , which are embedded within Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( MSSM ) gauge group and beyond , and whose origins lie within gauge invariant combinations of supersymmetric quarks and leptons .	Their masses and couplings are all well motivated from low energy physics , therefore such models provide us with a unique opportunity that they can be verified/falsified by the CMB data and also by the future collider and non-collider based experiments .
+4	In analogy to the celebrated article of Gangbo and McCann on the geometry of optimal transport , we establish a geometric characterization of Skorokhod embeddings with desired optimality properties .	The Skorokhod embedding problem is to represent a given probability as the distribution of Brownian motion at a chosen stopping time .	Over the last 50 years this has become one of the important classical problems in probability theory and a number of authors have constructed solutions with particular optimality properties .	These constructions employ a variety of techniques ranging from excursion theory to potential and PDE theory and have been used in many different branches of pure and applied probability .	We develop a new approach to Skorokhod embedding based on ideas and concepts from optimal mass transport .
+2	Thus far , astronomy has tended to address these challenges in an informal and ad hoc manner , with the necessary special expertise being assigned to e-Science or survey science .	Data volumes from multiple sky surveys have grown from gigabytes into terabytes during the past decade , and will grow from terabytes into tens ( or hundreds ) of petabytes in the next decade .	This exponential growth of new data both enables and challenges effective astronomical research , requiring new approaches .	However , we see an even wider scope and therefore promote a broader vision of this data-driven revolution in astronomical research .	For astronomy to effectively cope with and reap the maximum scientific return from existing and future large sky surveys , facilities , and data-producing projects , we need our own information science specialists .
+2	The X-ray luminosity of HD 150136 is log Lx = 33.39 ( ergs/s ) , making it one of the most luminous O-star X-ray sources known .	A 90 ks Chandra HETG observation of the young stellar cluster NGC 6193 in the southern Ara OB1 association detected 43 X-ray sources in a 2 ' x 2 ' core region centered on the young O stars HD 150135 ( O6.5V ) and HD 150136 ( O3+O6V ) .	The cluster is dominated by exceptionally bright X-ray emission from the two O stars , which are separated by only 10 arcsecs .	All of the fainter X-ray sources in the core region have near-IR counterparts , but JHK photometry provides little evidence for near-IR excesses .	These core sources have typical mean photon energies of 2 keV and about one-third are variable .
+3	In temperature space , the landscape displays three regions with an overall different organization .	Free-energy landscape theory is often used to describe complex molecular systems .	Here , a microscopic description of water structure and dynamics based on configuration-space-networks and molecular dynamics simulations of the TIP4P/2005 model is applied to investigate the free-energy landscape of water .	The latter is built on top of a large set of water microstates describing the kinetic stability of local hydrogen-bond arrangements up to the second solvation shell .	At ambient conditions , the free-energy surface is characterized by structural inhomogeneities with multiple , structurally well defined , short-lived basins of attraction .
+2	When a shear flow in [ 111 ] direction of the gyroid unit cell is imposed , a nucleation and growth of the cylinder domains is observed .	An epitaxial transition from a bicontinious double gyroid to a hexagonally packed cylinder structure induced by an external flow is simulated using real-space dynamical self-consistent field technique .	In order to simulate the structural change correctly , we introduce a system size optimization technique by which emergence of artificial intermediate structures are suppressed .	We confirm that the generated cylindrical domains grow epitaxially to the original gyroid domains as gyroid $ d_ { \ { 220\ } } $ $ \to $ cylinder $ d_ { \ { 10\ } } $ .	In a steady state under the shear flow , the gyroid shows different reconnection processes depending on the direction of the velocity gradient of the shear flow .
+2	When the flow is weak or absent , food search can be facilitated by currents generated by the animal itself .	Crayfish are nocturnal animals that mainly rely on their chemoreceptors to locate food .	On a crayfish scale chemical stimuli received from a distant source are dispersed by an ambient flow rather than molecular diffusion .	Crayfish employ their anterior fan organs to produce a variety of flow patterns .	Here we study the flow generated by Procambarus clarkii in response to odour stimulation .
+3	The frequencies of these modes depend on the black-hole spin and on the properties of the flow , and scale linearly with the inverse of the black-hole mass .	The numerical investigation of Bondi-Hoyle accretion onto a moving black hole has a long history , both in Newtonian and in general-relativistic physics .	By performing new two-dimensional and general-relativistic simulations onto a rotating black hole , we point out a novel feature , namely , that quasi-periodic oscillations ( QPOs ) are naturally produced in the shock cone that develops in the downstream part of the flow .	Because the shock cone in the downstream part of the flow acts as a cavity trapping pressure perturbations , modes with frequencies in the integer ratios 2:1 and 3:1 are easily produced .	Our results may be relevant for explaining the detection of QPOs in Sagittarius A* , once such detection is confirmed by further observations .
+1	Using this canonical relation we extend the Wheeler-DeWitt equation to a Schroedinger equation in the opening angle , following Carlip and Teitelboim .	We show that the Wald Noether charge entropy is canonically conjugate to the opening angle at the horizon .	We solve the equation in the semiclassical approximation by using the correspondence principle and find that the solutions are minimal uncertainty wavefunctions with a continuous spectrum for the entropy and therefore also of the area of the black hole horizon .	The fact that the opening angle fluctuates away from its classical value of 2 pi indicates that the quantum black hole is a superposition of horizonless states .	The classical geometry with a horizon serves only to evaluate quantum expectation values in the strict classical limit .
+1	A solar-like differential rotation law is used , where the rotation depends on sin $ ^2 $ ( $ \theta $ ) , where $ \theta $ is the stellar latitude .	We use Doppler imaging techniques to determine the dependence of starspot rotation rates on latitude in an homogeneous sample of young , rapidly-rotating solar analogues .	By including this term in the image reconstruction process , using starspots as tracers , we are able to determine the magnitude of the shear over more than one rotation cycle .	We also consider results from matched filter starspot tracking techniques , where individual starspot rotation rates are determined .	In addition we have re-analysed published results and present a new measurement for the K3 dwarf , Speedy Mic .
+2	We consider cases of both symmetric and antisymmetric amplification of the two modes of the NOON state .	We examine the behavior of a Non Gaussian state like NOON state under phase insensitive amplification .	We derive analytical result for the density matrix of the NOON state for arbitrary gain of the amplifier .	We quantitatively evaluate the loss of entanglement by the amplifier in terms of the logarithmic negativity parameter .	We find that NOON states are more robust than their Gaussian counterparts .
+1	In dependence of initial conditions these solutions can keep smoothness for all times or develop singularity .	We construct a large family of exact solutions to the hyperbolic system of 3 equations of ideal granular hydrodynamics in several dimensions for arbitrary adiabatic index $ \gamma $ .	In particular , in the 2D case the singularity can be formed either in a point or along a line .	For $ \gamma=-1 $ the problem is reduced to the system of two equations , related to a special case of the Chaplygin gas .	In the 1D case this system can be written in the Riemann invariant and can be treated in a standard way .
+2	Among the three experiments with Au-Au , Au-Ni and Ni-Ni boundary surfaces performed by means of dynamic atomic force microscope , major improving is achieved for the experiment with Au-Au test bodies .	We calculate the additional force due to two-axion exchange acting in a sphere-disc geometry , used in experiments on measuring the gradient of the Casimir force .	With this result , stronger constraints on the pseudoscalar coupling constants of an axion and axion-like particles to a proton and a neutron are obtained over the wide range of axion masses from 0.03mV to 1eV .	Here , the constraints obtained are stronger up to a factor of 170 , as compared to the previously known ones .	The largest strengthening holds for the axion mass 0.3eV .
+0	In this paper , we propose a new rateless coded cooperation scheme for a general multi-user cooperative wireless system .	We develop cooperation methods based on Raptor codes with the assumption that the channels face erasure with specific erasure probabilities and transmitters have no channel state information .	A fully coded cooperation ( FCC ) and a partially coded cooperation ( PCC ) strategy are developed to maximize the average system throughput .	Both PCC and FCC schemes have been analyzed through AND-OR tree analysis and a linear programming optimization problem is then formulated to find the optimum degree distribution for each scheme .	Simulation results show that optimized degree distributions can bring considerable throughput gains compared to existing degree distributions which are designed for point-to-point binary erasure channels .
+1	This result has been achieved as a consequence of our improved capability in understanding and describing the physical behavior of stellar matter in the different thermal regimes characteristic of the different stellar mass ranges and/or evolutionary stages .	In this last decade , our knowledge of evolutionary and structural properties of stars of different mass and chemical composition is significantly improved .	This notwithstanding , current generation of stellar models is still affected by significant and , usually , not negligible uncertainties .	These uncertainties are related to our poor knowledge of some physical procceses occurring in the real stars such as , for instance , some thermodynamical processes , nuclear reaction rates , as well as the efficiency of mixing processes .	These drawbacks of stellar models have to be properly taken into account when comparing theory with observations in order to derive relevant information about the properties of both resolved and unresolved stellar populations .
+0	Complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology ( CMOS ) has been faced critical challenges in nano-scale regime .	CNTFET ( Carbon Nanotube Field effect transistor ) technology is a promising alternative for CMOS technology .	In this paper , we proposed a novel 7-input minority gate in CNTFET technology that has only 9 CNTFETs .	Minority function is utilized in the voting systems for decision making and also it is used in data mining .	This proposed 7-input minority gate is utilized less fewer transistors than the conventional CMOS method which utilizes many transistors for implementing sum of products .
+4	These experiments will be performed using the ASTA 3-MHz-rate micropulse train for up to 1ms which is unique to test facilities in the USA .	Investigations of the laser-induced microbunching as it is related to time-sliced electron-beam diagnostics and high-gain-harmonic generation ( HGHG ) free-electron lasers using bright electron beams are proposed for the ASTA facility .	Initial tests at 40-50 MeV with an amplified 800-nm seed laser beam co-propagating with the electron beam through a short undulator ( or modulator ) tuned for the resonance condition followed by transport through a subsequent chicane will result in energy modulation and z-density modulation ( microbunching ) , respectively .	The latter microbunching will result in generation of coherent optical or UV transition radiation ( COTR , CUVTR ) at a metal converter screen which can reveal slice beam size , centroid , and energy spread .	Additionally , direct assessment of the microbunching factors related to HGHG by measurement of the COTR intensity and harmonic content after the chicane as a function of seed laser power and beam parameters will be done .
+2	The fits of a range of models to the infrared spectrum suggests that it is predominantly an old ( & gt ; 10^9 yrs ) stellar system that suffers little extinction , while the measurerd R and I magnitudes suggests an age of ~ 3 x 10^8 years .	Near infrared imaging and spectroscopic observations of the extremely red object ( R-K~ 7 mag ) CL 0939+4713 B have been obtained with the Near Infrared Camera on the Keck I Telescope of the W. M. Keck Observatory .	The imaging shows a slightly elongated structure , while the spectroscopy shows a continuum break that allows us to determine the redshift of z = 1.58 + 0.01/-0.03 for this system .	The limit on the equivalent width of any emission line in the infrared spectrum argues that CL 0939+4713 B is not an actively star forming galaxy .	This system , though similar in R-K color to HR 10 [ also known as J1645+46 ] ( Dey et al .
+1	When data are sensitive , it is in the interest of the entity to outsource encrypted data to the cloud ; however , this limits the types of operations that can be performed on the cloud side .	With the many benefits of cloud computing , an entity may want to outsource its data and their related analytics tasks to a cloud .	Especially , evaluating queries over the encrypted data stored on the cloud without the entity performing any computation and without ever decrypting the data become a very challenging problem .	In this paper , we propose solutions to conduct range queries over outsourced encrypted data .	The existing methods leak valuable information to the cloud which can violate the security guarantee of the underlying encryption schemes .
+3	At steady state , the Hamiltonian time rate is maximized , leading to a minimum resistance principle .	Analytical models describing the motion of colloidal particles in given velocity fields are presented .	In addition to local approaches , leading to well known master equations such as the Langevin and the Fokker-Planck equations , a global description based on path integration is reviewed .	This shows that under very broad conditions , during its evolution a dissipative system tends to minimize its energy dissipation in such a way to keep constant the Hamiltonian time rate , equal to the difference between the flux-based and the force-based Rayleigh dissipation functions .	In the unsteady case , we consider the relaxation to equilibrium of harmonic oscillators and the motion of a Brownian particle in shear flow , obtaining results that coincide with the solution of the Fokker-Planck and the Langevin equations .
+4	The proposed strategy is crucial to fully exploit the tremendous accuracies for the search for this kind of new physics that can be achieved at the LHC and future super-flavour factories .	The B^0 - & gt ; J/\psi K_ { S , L } channels are outstanding probes of CP violation .	We have a detailed look at the associated Standard-Model uncertainties , which are related to doubly Cabibbo-suppressed penguin contributions , and point out that these usually neglected effects can actually be taken into account unambiguously through the CP asymmetries and the branching ratio of the B^0 - & gt ; J/\psi pi^0 decay .	Using the most recent B-factory measurements , we find a negative shift of the extracted value of beta , which softens the tension in the fits of the unitarity triangle .	In addition , this strategy can be used to constrain a possible new-physics phase in B^0-\bar B^0 mixing .
+1	The cosmological scale factor is extracted from the Hamiltonian General Relativity without double counting of the spatial metric determinant in contrast to the standard cosmological perturbation theory .	The Hamiltonian approach to General Relativity is developed similarly to the Wheeler-DeWitt Hamiltonian cosmology , where the cosmological scale factor is treated as a time-like dynamic variable and its canonical momentum is considered as an evolution generator in the field space of events with the postulate about a physical vacuum as a state with the minimal eigenvalue of this generator .	The Friedmann-like equations in the exact theory are derived .	A new version of cosmological perturbation theory keeps the form of the Newton interactions in an early Universe .	We show how the considered Hamiltonian approach to GR can solve the topical problems of modern cosmology and quantum theory of gravitation .
+2	One needs an alternative and independent experimental information to confirm this conjecture .	Given existing empirical spectral patterns of excited hadrons it has been suggested that chiral symmetry is approximately restored in excited hadrons at zero temperature/density ( effective symmetry restoration ) .	If correct , this implies that mass generation mechanisms and physics in excited hadrons is very different as compared to the lowest states .	Using very general chiral symmetry arguments it is shown that strict chiral restoration in a given excited nucleon forbids its decay into the N \pi channel .	Hence those excited nucleons which are assumed from the spectroscopic patterns to be in approximate chiral multiplets must only `` weakly '' decay into the N \pi channel , ( f_ { N^*N\pi } /f_ { NN\pi } ) ^2 & lt ; & lt ; 1 .
+4	Applying the Kramers-Kronig relation to the generalized Poiseuille 's formula for capillary flow , we perform a perturbation calculation of the reciprocal $ 1/\eta $ with respect to the particle interaction , and examine how the growth of coherent wave functions gradually decreases shear viscosity .	The shear viscosity $ \eta $ of a quantum liquid in the vicinity of $ T_ { \lambda } $ is examined .	In liquid helium 4 above $ T_ { \lambda } $ ( $ T_ { \lambda } & lt ; T & lt ; 3.7K $ ) , under a strong effect of Bose statistics , the coherent many-body wave function grows to an intermediate size between a macroscopic level and a microscopic one .	These wave functions are qualitatively different from thermal fluctuation , and manifest themselves in the gradual decrease in shear viscosity above $ T_ { \lambda } $ .	To formulate this phenomenon , we combine the correlation function with fluid dynamics .
+2	Crucially , we find that the porosity plays a part of utmost importance in determining the outcome of collisions .	We carry out three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of spherical homogeneous SiO2 dust aggregates to investigate how the mass and the porosity of the aggregates affects their ability to survive an impact at various different collision velocities ( between 1 - 27.5m/s ) .	We explore how the threshold velocities for fragmentation vary with these parameters .	In particular , we find that aggregates with filling factors & gt ; 37 % are significantly weakened and that the velocity regime in which the aggregates grow is reduced or even non-existent ( instead , the aggregates either rebound off each other or break apart ) .	At filling factors less than ~37 % we find that more porous objects are weaker but not as weak as highly compact objects with filling factors & gt ; 37 % .
+3	Such behavior is indicative of impulsive energy deposit and the subsequent response in overlying coronal loops that evolve through different temperatures .	We analyze and model an M1.0 flare observed by SDO/AIA and Hinode/EIS to investigate how flare loops are heated and evolve subsequently .	The flare is composed of two distinctive loop systems observed in EUV images .	The UV 1600 \AA emission at the feet of these loops exhibits a rapid rise , followed by enhanced emission in different EUV channels observed by AIA and EIS .	Using the method we recently developed , we infer empirical heating functions from the rapid rise of the UV light curves for the two loop systems , respectively , treating them as two big loops of cross-sectional area 5\arcsec by 5\arcsec , and compute the plasma evolution in the loops using the EBTEL model ( Klimchuk et al.2008 ) .
+3	In the framed case they are slices in the affine Grassmannian and their generalization .	This is a companion paper of arXiv:1601.03586 .	We study Coulomb branches of unframed and framed quiver gauge theories of type $ ADE $ .	In the unframed case they are isomorphic to the moduli space of based rational maps from $ { \mathbb C } P^1 $ to the flag variety .	In the appendix , written jointly with Joel Kamnitzer , Ryosuke Kodera , Ben Webster , and Alex Weekes , we identify the quantized Coulomb branch with the truncated shifted Yangian .
+0	A dynamical model is presented for chiral change in DNA molecules .	The model is an extension of the conventional elastic model which incorporates the structure of base pairs and uses a spinor representation for the DNA configuration together with a gauge principle .	Motivated by a recent experiment reporting chiral transitions between right-handed B-DNA and left-handed Z-DNA [ M. Lee , et.al. , Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci .	( USA ) 107 , 4985 ( 2010 ) ] , we analyze the free energy for the particular case of linear DNA with an externally applied torque .	The model shows that there exists , at low temperature , a rapid structural change depending on the torque exerted on the DNA , which causes switching in B and Z domain sizes .
+4	In an approximation where all umklapp is suppressed , while the equilibrium state remains untouched , one arrives at an anharmonic chain .	We study equilibrium time correlations for the discrete nonlinear Schr\ '' odinger equation on a one-dimensional lattice and unravel three dynamical regimes .	There is a high temperature regime with density and energy as the only two conserved fields .	Their correlations have zero velocity and spread diffusively .	In the low temperature regime umklapp processes are rare with the consequence that phase differences appear as an additional ( almost ) conserved field .
+4	Therefore , it is a very important concept : it is used in almost every fields of physics and it has been generalized to describe electroweak and strong interactions in the standard model of particles .	Gauge invariance was discovered in the development of classical electromagnetism and was required when the latter was formulated in terms of the scalar and vector potentials .	It is now considered to be a fundamental principle of nature , stating that different forms of these potentials yield the same physical description : they describe the same electromagnetic field as long as they are related to each other by gauge transformations .	Gauge invariance can also be included into the quantum description of matter interacting with an electromagnetic field by assuming that the wave function transforms under a given local unitary transformation .	The result of this procedure is a quantum theory describing the coupling of electrons , nuclei and photons .
+0	The double-beta decay Q values of 130Te , 128Te , and 120Te have been determined from parent-daughter mass differences measured with the Canadian Penning Trap mass spectrometer .	The 132Xe-129Xe mass difference , which is precisely known , was also determined to confirm the accuracy of these results .	The 130Te Q value was found to be 2527.01 ( 32 ) keV which is 3.3 keV lower than the 2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation recommended value , but in agreement with the most precise previous measurement .	The uncertainty has been reduced by a factor of 6 and is now significantly smaller than the resolution achieved or foreseen in experimental searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay .	The 128Te and 120Te Q values were found to be 865.87 ( 131 ) keV and 1714.81 ( 125 ) keV , respectively .
+3	A simple model of a ( bi- ) cone of gas photoionized and photoexcited by a nuclear power-law continuum is sufficient to explain the soft X-ray spectra of all Seyfert 2 galaxies so far observed by the XMM-Newton and Chandra satellites .	Soft X-ray spectroscopy of Seyfert 2 galaxies offers perhaps the best method to probe the possible connection between AGN activity and star formation .	Obscuration of powerful radiation from the inferred nucleus allows for detailed study of circumnuclear emission regions .	And soft X-ray spectroscopy of these regions allows for robust discrimination between warm gas radiatively driven by the AGN and hot collisionally-driven gas possibly associated with star formation .	An upper limit of around 10 percent to an additional hot , collisionally-driven gas contribution to the soft X-ray regime appears to hold for five different Seyfert 2 galaxies , placing interesting constraints on circumnuclear star formation .
+2	However , current versions of WAR depend upon proprietary data , ad hoc methodology , and opaque calculations .	Within baseball analytics , there is substantial interest in comprehensive statistics intended to capture overall player performance .	One such measure is Wins Above Replacement ( WAR ) , which aggregates the contributions of a player in each facet of the game : hitting , pitching , baserunning , and fielding .	We propose a competitive aggregate measure , openWAR , that is based upon public data and methodology with greater rigor and transparency .	We discuss a principled standard for the nebulous concept of a `` replacement '' player .
+0	We investigate spin squeezing , quantum entanglement and second order coherence in two coupled , driven , dissipative , nonlinear cavities .	We compare these quantum statistical properties for the cavities coupled with either single or two-photon exchange .	Solving the quantum optical master equation of the system numerically in the steady state , we calculate the zero-time delay second-order correlation function for the coherence , genuine two-mode entanglement parameter , and an optimal spin squeezing inequality associated with particle entanglement .	We identify regimes of distinct quantum statistical character depending on the relative strength of photon-exchange and nonlinearity .	Moreover , we examine the effects of weak and strong drives on these quantum statistical regimes .
+3	This approach and the suggested method of determining an arbitrary motion of the system on the base of initial data let us solve the stability problem for the rotational motions for all mentioned string configurations .	For the relativistic string with massive ends ( the meson model ) and four various string baryon models ( q-qq , q-q-q , Y and $ \Delta $ ) we consider the classical quasirotational motions , which are small disturbances of the planar uniform rotations of these systems .	For the string meson model the two types of these solutions are obtained .	They describe oscillatory motions in the form of stationary waves in the rotational plane and in the orthogonal direction .	It is shown that the classic rotational motions are { \it stable } for the string meson model ( or its analog q-qq ) and for the $ \Delta $ baryon configuration , but they are { \it unstable } for the string baryon models Y and q-q-q .
+1	In one-component systems , we find crystallization , a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase , and a structural phase transition , as the temperatures is lowered .	Using a modified Lennard-Jones model for anisotropic particles , we present results of molecular dynamics simulation in two dimensions .	In the lowest temperature range , the crystal is composed of three martensitic variants on a hexagonal lattice , exhibiting the shape memory effect .	With addition of larger spherical particles ( impurities ) , these domains are finely divided , yielding glass with slow time evolution .	With increasing the impurity size , the structural or translational disorder is also proliferated .
+2	Now graphene is finding application in touch-screen displays , as channels in high-frequency transistors and in graphene-based integrated circuits .	Graphene is a single layer of covalently bonded carbon atoms , which was discovered only 8 years ago and yet has already attracted intense research and commercial interest .	Initial research focused on its remarkable electronic properties , such as the observation of massless Dirac fermions and the half-integer quantum Hall effect .	The potential for using the unique properties of graphene in terahertz-frequency electronics is particularly exciting ; however , initial experiments probing the terahertz-frequency response of graphene are only just emerging .	Here we show that the photoconductivity of graphene at terahertz frequencies is dramatically altered by the adsorption of atmospheric gases , such as nitrogen and oxygen .
+1	By taking account of the polarization degree of freedom for a polariton condensate , and considering the effects of an applied magnetic field , we theoretically discuss the interplay between polarization dynamics , and the spatial structure of the pumped decaying condensate .	Quasiparticles in semiconductors -- such as microcavity polaritons -- can form condensates in which the steady-state density profile is set by the balance of pumping and decay .	If spatial structure is neglected , this dynamics has attractors that are linearly polarized condensates ( fixed points ) , and desynchronized solutions ( limit cycles ) , with a range of bistability .	Considering spatial fluctuations about the fixed point , the collective spin modes can either be diffusive , linearly dispersing , or gapped .	Including spatial structure , interactions between the spin components can influence the dynamics of vortices ; produce stable complexes of vortices and rarefaction pulses with both co- and counter-rotating polarizations ; and increase the range of possible limit cycles for the polarization dynamics , with different attractors displaying different spatial structures .
+2	We introduce the notion of constructible convergent $ \nabla $ -module on the analytification $ X_ { K } ^ { \mathrm { an } } $ of the generic fibre of $ X $ .	Let $ \mathcal V $ be a discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic with perfect residue field .	Let $ X $ be a geometrically connected smooth proper curve over $ \mathcal V $ .	A constructible module is an $ \mathcal O_ { X_ { K } ^ { \mathrm { an } } } $ -module which is not necessarily coherent , but becomes coherent on a stratification by locally closed subsets of the special fiber $ X_ { k } $ of $ X $ .	The notions of connection , of ( over- ) convergence and of Frobenius structure carry over to this situation .
+1	In particular , we show that the generating functions for these families naturally lead to deep identities for theta functions and Hickerson 's universal mock theta function , which provides a very general answer to Andrews ' Conjecture on the modularity of the Schur-type generating function .	We study families of partitions with gap conditions that were introduced by Schur and Andrews , and describe their fundamental connections to combinatorial q-series and automorphic forms .	Furthermore , we also complete the second part of Andrews ' speculation by determining the asymptotic behavior of these functions .	In particular , we use Wright 's Circle Method in order to prove families of asymptotic inequalities in the spirit of the Alder-Andrews Conjecture .	As a final application , we prove the striking result that the universal mock theta function can be expressed as a conditional probability in a certain natural probability space with an infinite sequence of independent events .
+3	We propose a computationally efficient algorithm for solving our problem and bound its expected cumulative regret .	Many important optimization problems , such as the minimum spanning tree and minimum-cost flow , can be solved optimally by a greedy method .	In this work , we study a learning variant of these problems , where the model of the problem is unknown and has to be learned by interacting repeatedly with the environment in the bandit setting .	We formalize our learning problem quite generally , as learning how to maximize an unknown modular function on a known polymatroid .	Our gap-dependent upper bound is tight up to a constant and our gap-free upper bound is tight up to polylogarithmic factors .
+1	In this paper , we present the results of DIBO ( Demonstrateur d'Interferometrie Bolometrique ) , a single-baseline demonstrator operating at 90 GHz , built to proof the validity of the BI concept applied to a millimeter-wave interferometer .	Bolometric Interferometry ( BI ) is one of the most promising techniques for precise measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization .	This instrument has been characterized in the laboratory with a detector at room temperature and with a 4 K bolometer .	This allowed us to measure interference patterns in a clean way , both ( 1 ) rotating the source and ( 2 ) varying with time the phase shift among the two interferometer 's arms .	Detailed modelisation has also been performed and validated with measurements .
+2	From the translations between them we see that the expressive power of EXC [ k ] lies in between k-ary and ( k+1 ) -ary dependence logics .	In this paper we study the expressive power of k-ary exclusion logic , EXC [ k ] , that is obtained by extending first order logic with k-ary exclusion atoms .	It is known that without arity bounds exclusion logic is equivalent with dependence logic .	We will show that , at least in the case of unary exclusion logic , the both of these inclusions are proper .	In a recent work by the author it was shown that k-ary inclusion-exclusion logic is equivalent with k-ary existential second order logic , ESO [ k ] .
+1	This has prevented us to accurately measure the metallicity of dust-obscured galaxies , and accordingly to understand the chemical evolution of dusty populations , such as ultraluminous infrared galaxies .	Although measuring the gas metallicity in galaxies at various redshifts is crucial to constrain galaxy evolutionary scenarios , only rest-frame optical emission lines have been generally used to measure the metallicity .	Here we propose diagnostics of the gas metallicity based on infrared fine structure emission lines , which are nearly unaffected by dust extinction even the most obscured systems .	Specifically , we focus on fine-structure lines arising mostly from HII regions , not in photo-dissociation regions , to minimize the dependence and uncertainties of the metallicity diagnostics from various physical parameters .	Based on photoionization models , we show that the emission-line flux ratio of ( [ OIII ] 51.80+ [ OIII ] 88.33 ) / [ NIII ] 57.21 is an excellent tracer of the gas metallicity .
+0	We present the stellar population and velocity dispersion gradients for a sample of 24 brightest cluster galaxies ( BCGs ) in the nearby Universe for which we have obtained high quality long-slit spectra at the Gemini telescopes .	With the aim of studying the possible connection between the formation of the BCGs and their host clusters , we explore the relations between the stellar population gradients and properties of the host clusters as well as the possible connections between the stellar population gradients and other properties of the galaxies .	We find mean stellar population gradients ( negative { \Delta } [ Z/H ] /log r gradient of -0.285 { \pm } 0.064 ; small positive { \Delta } log ( age ) /log r gradient of 0.069 { \pm } 0.049 ; and null { \Delta } [ E/Fe ] /log r gradient of -0.008 { \pm } 0.032 ) that are consistent with those of normal massive elliptical galaxies .	However , we find a trend between metallicity gradients and velocity dispersion ( with a negative slope of -1.616 { \pm } 0.539 ) that is not found for the most massive ellipticals .	Furthermore , we find trends between the metallicity gradients and K-band luminosities ( with a slope of 0.173 { \pm } 0.081 ) as well as the distance from the BCG to the X-ray peak of the host cluster ( with a slope of -7.546 { \pm } 2.752 ) .
+2	More precisely the system reads in a very surprising way as two parabolic equation on the density $ \rho $ and the vorticity $ { \rm curl } v $ , and as a transport equation on the divergence $ { \rm div } v $ .	In this paper we give a new formulation of the compressible Navier-Stokes by introducing an suitable effective velocity $ v=u+\n\va ( \rho ) $ provided that the viscosity coefficients verify the algebraic relation of \cite { BD } .	We give in particular a very simple proof of the entropy discovered in \cite { BD } , in addition our argument show why the algebraic relation of \cite { BD } appears naturally .	We show the existence of strong solution with large initial data in finite time when $ ( \rho_0-1 ) \in B^ { \NN } _ { p,1 } $ .	A remarkable feature of this solution is the regularizing effects on the density .
+0	We consider the problem of existence of polynomials with small norm .	This range of problems has been extensively studied by many authors in the case of the unit circle ( or a compact Abelian group ) , i.e.when the characters are bounded .	In general , on compact homogeneous Riemannian manifolds , the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator are not uniformly bounded .	This creates difficulties of a fundamental nature in applications of known methods and results .	The method we develop is based on a geometric inequality between norms induced by two convex bodies in Euclidean space .
+1	The distinctive feature of a non-Abelian vortex is the presence of an internal CP^ { N-1 } space of orientational degrees of freedom .	Interactions between non-BPS non-Abelian vortices are studied in non-Abelian U ( 1 ) x SU ( N ) extensions of the Abelian-Higgs model in four dimensions .	For fine-tuned values of the couplings , the vortices are BPS and there is no net force between two static parallel vortices at arbitrary distance .	On the other hand , for generic values of the couplings the interactions between two vortices depend non-trivially on their relative internal orientations .	We discuss the problem both with a numerical approach ( valid for small deviations from the BPS limit ) and in a semi-analytical way ( valid at large vortex separations ) .
+2	In particular , our simulations indicate that Vega may have a massive planet of m~2 m_J ( m_J being Jupiter 's mass ) at a distance of 50-60 AU , and Epsilon Eri may have a less massive planet of m~0.2 m_J at a similar distance of 55-65 AU .	We have applied a powerful numerical approach to compute , with a high resolution , the structure of dusty circumstellar disks with embedded planets .	We emphasize some testable implications of our simulations which would verify the presence of a planet via thermal emission of one or more dusty clumps which are in mean motion resonances with the planet .	This conclusion is testable : Each resonant feature is stationary in the reference frame co-rotating with the planet , but it is not so for the observer at Earth .	Therefore , if our interpretation of asymmetric clumps in circumstellar disks as dynamical resonant structures is correct , the above pattern revolves around the star with an angular velocity of ( 1.2-1.6 ) deg/yr ( Vega ) and ( 0.6-0.8 ) deg/yr ( Epsilon Eri ) -- a prediction that can be tested on a timescale of several years .
+2	Huge improvements with respect to the present precision can be expected , especially for the asymmetries A_LR and A_b where beam polarisation can be exploited .	A future linear collider such as TESLA may be able to run on the Z0 resonance with very high luminosity and polarised electron and positron beams .	The possibilities of measuring electroweak quantities with high precision are investigated .	The very large sample of Z to bbbar events also allows studies of various CP-violating b decays .	The precision achievable on the CKM unitarity triangle angles is comparable to experiments at b factories and future hadron colliders .
+1	Regge and Wheeler treated the problem first at 1957 and obtained the dynamical equations for the small perturbation .	The stability of the Schwarzschild black hole is studied .	There are two kinds of perturbations : odd one and even one .	Using the Painlev\ ' { e } coordinate , we reconsider the odd perturbation and find that : the white-hole-connected universe ( r & gt ; 2m , see text ) is unstable .	Because the odd perturbation may be regarded as the angular perturbation , therefore , the physical mean to it may be that the white-hole-connected universe is unstable with respect to the rotating perturbation .
+4	The concept Memory Scope Function ( MSF ) is introduced in our logic .	This paper presents an extension to Hoare logic for pointer program verification .	Logic formulas with user-defined recursive functions are used to specify properties on the program states before/after program executions .	Three basic functions are introduced to represents memory access , record-field access and array-element access .	Some axioms are introduced to specify these basic functions in our logic .
+2	The prediction is the most efficient if the agent is equipped with all strategies from the Full Strategy Space .	In this paper the extended model of Minority game ( MG ) , incorporating variable number of agents and therefore called Grand Canonical , is used for prediction .	We proved that the best MG-based predictor is constituted by a tremendously degenerated system , when only one agent is involved .	Each of these filters is evaluated and , in each step , the best one is chosen .	Despite the casual simplicity of the method its usefulness is invaluable in many cases including real problems .
+4	The exciton order parameter coexists with the antiferromagnetism and can be as large as several tens of meV for realistic values of the bias voltage and interaction constants .	We study the electronic properties of AA-stacked bilayer graphene in a transverse electric field .	The strong on-site Coulomb repulsion stabilizes the antiferromagnetic order in such a system .	The antiferromagnetic order is suppressed by the transverse bias voltage , at least partially .	The inter-plane Coulomb repulsion and non-zero voltage stabilize an exciton order parameter .
+0	The model atmosphere programs FASTWIND and CMFGEN are both elegantly designed to perform non-LTE analyses of the spectra of hot massive stars , and include sphericity and mass-loss .	The two codes differ primarily in their approach towards line blanketing , with CMFGEN treating all of the lines in the co-moving frame and FASTWIND taking an approximate approach which speeds up execution times considerably .	Although both have been extensively used to model the spectra of O-type stars , no studies have used the codes to independently model the same spectra of the same stars and compare the derived physical properties .	We perform this task on ten O-type stars in the Magellanic Clouds .	For the late-type O supergiants , both CMFGEN and FASTWIND have trouble fitting some of the He I lines , and we discuss causes and cures .
+1	To allow the application of non-asymptotic error bounds in practice , here we state bounds formulated in terms of the spectral properties of the chain and the properties of $ f $ and propose estimators of the parameters appearing in the bounds , including the spectral gap , mixing time , and asymptotic variance .	Using concentration inequalities , we give non-asymptotic confidence intervals for estimates obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo ( MCMC ) simulations , when using the approximation $ \mathbb { E } _ { \pi } f\approx ( 1/ ( N-t_0 ) ) \cdot \sum_ { i=t_0+1 } ^N f ( X_i ) $ .	We introduce a method for setting the burn-in time and the initial distribution that is theoretically well-founded and yet is relatively simple to apply .	We also investigate the estimation of $ \mathbb { E } _ { \pi } f $ via subsampling and by using parallel runs instead of a single run .	Our results are applicable to both reversible and non-reversible Markov chains on discrete as well as general state spaces .
+0	We investigate energy transfer and localization in a linear time-invariant oscillator chain weakly coupled to a forced nonlinear actuator .	Two types of perturbation are studied : ( 1 ) harmonic forcing with a constant frequency is applied to the actuator ( the Duffing oscillator ) with slowly changing parameters ; ( 2 ) harmonic forcing with a slowly increasing frequency is applied to the nonlinear actuator with constant parameters .	In both cases , stiffness of linear oscillators as well as linear coupling remains constant , and the system is initially engaged in resonance .	The parameters of the systems and forcing are chosen to guarantee autoresonance ( AR ) with gradually increasing energy in the nonlinear actuator .	As this paper demonstrates , forcing with constant frequency generates oscillations with growing energy in the linear chain but in the system excited by forcing with slowly time-dependent frequency energy remains localized on the nonlinear actuator whilst the response of the linear chain is bounded .
+3	We find that the adopted GCR source composition accounts naturally for the observations of primary Be and helps understanding why Be follows closer Fe than O .	We reassess the problem of the production and evolution of the light elements Li , Be and B and of their isotopes in the Milky Way , in the light of new observational and theoretical developments .	The main novelty is the introduction of a new scheme for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays ( GCR ) , which for the first time enables a self-consistent calculation of their composition during galactic evolution .	The scheme accounts for key features of the present-day GCR source composition , it is based on the wind yields of the Geneva models of rotating , mass losing stars and it is fully coupled to a detailed galactic chemical evolution code .	We find that GCR produce ~70 % of the solar B11/B10 isotopic ratio ; the remaining 30 % of B11 presumably result from neutrino-nucleosynthesis in massive star explosions .
+1	These resonances arise due to strong hyperfine interactions between the unpaired electron and the nuclear magnetic moment of the alkali metal atoms .	Magnetic Feshbach resonances play a central role in experimental research of atomic gases at ultracold temperatures , as they allow one to control the microscopic interactions between ultracold atoms by tuning an applied magnetic field .	A major thrust of current research is to create an ultracold gas of diatomic alkali-metal molecules in the ground rovibrational state of the ground electronic $ ^1\Sigma $ state .	Unlike alkali metal atoms , $ ^1\Sigma $ diatomic molecules have no unpaired electrons .	However , the hyperfine interactions of molecules may give rise to magnetic Feshbach resonances .
+3	The energy conversion efficiency from pump pulse to VUV pulse reaches to 30 % .	We theoretically study chirped four-wave mixing for VUV pulse generation in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers .	We predict the generation of sub-10-fs VUV pulses with energy of up to hundreds of microjoule by broad-band chirped idler pulses at 830 nm and MW pump pulses with narrow-band at 277 nm .	MW pump could be desirable to reduce the complexity of the laser system or use a high repetition rate-laser system .	This generation can be realized in kagome-lattice hollow-core PCF filled with noble gas of high pressure with core-diameter less than 40 micrometers which would enable technically simple or highly efficient coupling to fundamental mode of the fiber .
+0	We present high-resolution observations of several molecular lines in OH231.8+4.2 taken with the IRAM interferometer .	All molecules are distributed in a narrow region along the symmetry axis , and flow outwards following a velocity gradient similar to that found in CO .	The HCO+ emission is found to be very clumpy and strongly enhanced in the shock-accelerated lobes , indicating that the formation of this molecule is probably dominated by shock induced reactions .	SO is present in the axial outflow as well as in an expanding equatorial disk .	The SiO maser emission seems to arise from the innermost parts of such a disk .
+1	An algorithm with competitive ratio 1.6 , the smallest known to date , is COMB , a randomized combination of BIT and the TIMESTAMP algorithm TS .	The list update problem is a classical online problem , with an optimal competitive ratio that is still open , known to be somewhere between 1.5 and 1.6 .	This and almost all other list update algorithms , like MTF , are projective in the sense that they can be defined by looking only at any pair of list items at a time .	Projectivity ( also known as `` list factoring '' ) simplifies both the description of the algorithm and its analysis , and so far seems to be the only way to define a good online algorithm for lists of arbitrary length .	In this paper we characterize all projective list update algorithms and show that their competitive ratio is never smaller than 1.6 in the partial cost model .
+4	We derive the density laws for them .	We present a dynamical analysis of 673 galactic Planetary Nebulae , using a two-integral axisymmetric model with a Kuzmin-Kutuzov St\ '' { a } ckel potential .	The method fits the kinematics to the projected moments of a distribution function , by means of Quadratic Programming .	The 2.2 $ \mu $ m COBE brightness map has been used after correction for the interstellar extinction as a projected star counts map in the modeling , because it constitutes a galactic distribution view of evolved red populations which are considered to be the progenitors of PNe .	The model we have obtained provides a 2-integral distribution function for the COBE 2.2 $ \mu $ m map , and thus { \it a fortiori } a deprojection of it , which allows moreover the identification of all the major Galactic components .
+0	We consider the task of deterministically entangling two remote qubits using joint measurement and feedback , but no directly entangling Hamiltonian .	In order to formulate the most effective experimentally feasible protocol , we introduce the notion of average sense locally optimal ( ASLO ) feedback protocols , which do not require real-time quantum state estimation , a difficult component of real-time quantum feedback control .	We use this notion of optimality to construct two protocols which can deterministically create maximal entanglement : a semiclassical feedback protocol for low efficiency measurements and a quantum feedback protocol for high efficiency measurements .	The latter reduces to direct feedback in the continuous-time limit , whose dynamics can be modeled by a Wiseman-Milburn feedback master equation which yields an analytic solution in the limit of unit measurement efficiency .	Our formalism can smoothly interpolate between continuous-time and discrete-time descriptions of feedback dynamics , and we exploit this feature to then derive a superior hybrid protocol for arbitrary non-unit measurement efficiency that switches between quantum and semiclassical protocols .
+1	In this work , we define a minimal presentation of L which is minimal with respect to the degree of E among the presentations .	A line bundle L on a smooth curve X is nonspecial if and only if L admits a presentation L=K_X -D +E for some effective divisors D and E & gt ; 0 on X with gcd ( D , E ) =0 and h^0 ( X , O_X ( D ) ) =1 .	If L=K_X -D +E with degE & gt ; 2 is a minimal , then L is very ample and any q-points of X with q & lt ; degE are embedded in general position but the points of E are not .	We investigate sufficient conditions on divisors D and E for L=K_X -D +E to be minimal .	Through this , for a number n in some range , it is possible to construct a nonspecial very ample line bundle L=K_X -D +E on X with/without an n-secant ( n-2 ) -plane of the embedded curve by taking divisors D and E on X .
+1	However , due to the limitation of computer memory and the requirement on computational efficiency , in practice matrix elements of small values are usually truncated , which inevitably compromises the quality of the resulting plan .	In the treatment plan optimization for intensity modulated radiation therapy ( IMRT ) , dose-deposition coefficient ( DDC ) matrix is often pre-computed to parameterize the dose contribution to each voxel in the volume of interest from each beamlet of unit intensity .	A fixed-point iteration scheme has been applied in IMRT optimization to solve this problem , which has been reported to be effective and efficient based on the observations of the numerical experiments .	In this paper , we aim to point out the mathematics behind this scheme and to answer the following three questions : 1 ) whether the fixed-point iteration algorithm converges or not ?	2 ) when it converges , whether the fixed point solution is same as the original solution obtained with the complete DDC matrix ?
+2	In addition , the no-hair theorem has not been proved for the Yang-Mills field .	This paper describes that the superconducting cosmic strings can be connected to an electrically charged black hole , and can be considerd as the hair of black hole .	What the no-hair theorems show is that a large amount of information is lost when a body collapses to form a black hole .	This paper proves and claims that the superconducting cosmic strings can be connected to an electrically charged hole when the current inside these strings and black holes approaches the critical value .	Because , this state is the final state of the gravitational collapse , and the event horizon would be destroyed in this state .
+4	The relaxation time $ \tau $ is described by a power law form with a dynamic critical exponent $ x $ ( $ = 8.2 \pm 1.0 $ ) and a microscopic relaxation time $ \tau_ { 0 } $ [ $ = ( 1.33 \pm 0.05 ) \times 10^ { -9 } $ sec ] .	The aging and memory effects of Fe $ _ { 3 } $ O $ _ { 4 } $ nanoparticles have been studied using a series of zero-field cooled ( ZFC ) and field-cooled ( FC ) magnetization measurements at various aging protocols .	The genuine ZFC magnetization after the ZFC procedure with a single stop and wait process shows an aging dip at the stop temperature on reheating .	The depth of the aging dip is dependent on the wait time .	The frequency dependence of the AC magnetic susceptibility is indicative of critical slowing down at a freezing temperature $ T_ { f } $ ( $ = 30.6 \pm 1.6 $ K ) .
+3	The case of Lipschitz domains in two and three dimensions is studied .	A phase field model proposed by G. Caginalp for the description of phase changes in materials is under consideration .	It is assumed that the medium is located in a container with heat conductive walls that are not subjected to phase changes .	Therefore , the temperature variable is defined both in the medium and wall regions , whereas the phase variable is only considered in the medium part .	We show that the temperature and phase variables are continuous in time functions with values in $ L^2 $ and $ H^1 $ , respectively , provided that the initial values of them are from $ L^2 $ and $ H^1 $ , respectively .
+4	In GR , the acceleration is found analytically in the case of a small test mass with a small displacement from the center of the shell .	We investigate the consequences of Birkhoff 's theorem in general relativity ( GR ) and in Modified Newtonian dynamics ( MOND ) .	We study , in particular , the system of a finite-mass test particle inside a spherical shell .	In both GR and MOND , we find non-vanishing acceleration for that test particle .	The direction of the acceleration is such that it pushes the test particle toward the center of the shell .
+4	This report analyzes key Skype functions such as login , NAT and firewall traversal , call establishment , media transfer , codecs , and conferencing under three different network setups .	Skype is a peer-to-peer VoIP client developed by KaZaa in 2003 .	Skype claims that it can work almost seamlessly across NATs and firewalls and has better voice quality than the MSN and Yahoo IM applications .	It encrypts calls end-to-end , and stores user information in a decentralized fashion .	Skype also supports instant messaging and conferencing .
+0	Recent detection of high-redshift , massive clusters through Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations has opened up a new way to test cosmological models .	It is known that detection of a single supermassive cluster at a very high redshift can rule out many cosmological models all together .	However , since dealing with different observational biases makes it difficult to test the likeliness of the data assuming a cosmological model , most of the cluster data ( except those with high mass-redshift ) stays untouched in confronting cosmological models with cluster observations .	We propose here that one can use the relative abundance of the clusters with different masses at different redshifts to test the likeliness of the data in the context of cosmological models .	For this purpose we propose a simple parametric form for the efficiency of observing clusters at different mass-redshift and we test if the standard LCDM model can explain the observed abundance of the clusters using this efficiency parameterization .
+2	This leads to an extra field dependence in the functional RG equation and a significantly different RG flow in comparison to the standard flow equation with a rigid metric in the mode cutoff .	We analyze the conceptual role of background independence in the application of the effective average action to quantum gravity .	Insisting on a background independent renormalization group ( RG ) flow the coarse graining operation must be defined in terms of an unspecified variable metric since no rigid metric of a fixed background spacetime is available .	The background independent RG flow can possess a non-Gaussian fixed point , for instance , even though the corresponding standard one does not .	We demonstrate the importance of this universal , essentially kinematical effect by computing the RG flow of Quantum Einstein Gravity in the `` conformally reduced '' Einstein -- Hilbert approximation which discards all degrees of freedom contained in the metric except the conformal one .
+1	We present in this paper a forward zone-based algorithm to compute the state space of a bounded Time Petri Net : the method is different and more efficient than the classical State Class Graph .	The theory of Petri Nets provides a general framework to specify the behaviors of real-time reactive systems and Time Petri Nets were introduced to take also temporal specifications into account .	We prove the algorithm to be exact with respect to the reachability problem .	Furthermore , we propose a translation of the computed state space into a Timed Automaton , proved to be timed bisimilar to the original Time Petri Net .	As the method produce a single Timed Automaton , syntactical clocks reduction methods ( Daws and Yovine for instance ) may be applied to produce an automaton with fewer clocks .
+3	[ 11 , p. 147 ] and [ 12 , p. 273 ] , but presumably dating back to 1965 ) .	As a consequence of the classification of the finite simple groups , it has been possible in recent years to characterize Steiner t-designs , that is t- ( v , k,1 ) designs , mainly for t = 2 , admitting groups of automorphisms with sufficiently strong symmetry properties .	However , despite the finite simple group classification , for Steiner t-designs with t & gt ; 2 most of these characterizations have remained longstanding challenging problems .	Especially , the determination of all flag-transitive Steiner t-designs with 2 & lt ; t & lt ; 7 is of particular interest and has been open for about 40 years ( cf .	The present paper continues the author 's work [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] of classifying all flag-transitive Steiner 3-designs and 4-designs .
+3	The hermiticity condition on free-spinors lagrangians is presented .	Clifford algebras and Majorana conditions are analyzed in any spacetime .	An index labeling inequivalent $ \Gamma $ -structures up to orthogonal conjugations is introduced .	Inequivalent charge-operators in even-dimensions , invariant under Wick rotations , are considered .	The constraints put by the Majorana condition on the free-spinors dynamics are analyzed .
+0	Frustration-free ( FF ) spin chains have a property that their ground state minimizes all individual terms in the chain Hamiltonian .	We ask how entangled the ground state of a FF quantum spin-s chain with nearest-neighbor interactions can be for small values of s. While FF spin-1/2 chains are known to have unentangled ground states , the case s=1 remains less explored .	We propose the first example of a FF translation-invariant spin-1 chain that has a unique highly entangled ground state and exhibits some signatures of a critical behavior .	The ground state can be viewed as the uniform superposition of balanced strings of left and right parentheses separated by empty spaces .	Entanglement entropy of one half of the chain scales as log ( n ) /2 + O ( 1 ) , where n is the number of spins .
+2	The specific examples of well-known cosmological evolution are reconstructed , including $ \Lambda $ CDM cosmology , deceleration with transition to phantom superacceleration era which may develop singularity or be transient .	The cosmological reconstruction scheme for modified $ F ( R ) $ gravity is developed in terms of e-folding ( or , redshift ) .	It is demonstrated how any FRW cosmology may emerge from specific $ F ( R ) $ theory .	The application of this scheme to viable $ F ( R ) $ gravities unifying inflation with dark energy era is proposed .	The additional reconstruction of such models leads to non-leading gravitational correction mainly relevant at the early/late universe and helping to pass the cosmological bounds ( if necessary ) .
+2	We present here a technique , that we call the local solution method .	The enlargement of filtration theory is a study of semimartingales when the basic filtration changes .	This theory provides particular techniques on stochastic calculus .	We will show , with several examples , that the local solution method is an effective and flexible method .	In particular , with the local solution method , we will give a unified proof of three of the classical formulas , namely Jacod 's formula , the progressive enlargement formula and the enlargement formula with honest time .
+1	The Hamiltonian of such a model is a long-range deformation of nearest-neighbor type interactions .	Quantum spin chains arise naturally from perturbative large-N field theories and matrix models .	Here , we study the most general long-range integrable spin chain with spins transforming in the fundamental representation of gl ( n ) .	We derive the Hamiltonian and the corresponding asymptotic Bethe ansatz at the leading four perturbative orders with several free parameters .	Furthermore , we propose Bethe equations for all orders and identify the moduli of the integrable system .
+2	In this article we provide theoretical evidence suggesting that the GS density , as a function of position on a 2D manifold of parameters affecting the external potential , is `` topologically scarred '' in a distinct way by degeneracies .	In Kohn-Sham density functional theory ( KS-DFT ) a fictitious system of non-interacting particles is constructed having the same ground-state ( GS ) density as the physical system of interest .	A fundamental open question in DFT concerns the ability of an exact KS calculation to spot and characterize the GS degeneracies in the physical system .	These scars are sufficiently detailed to enable determination of the positions of degeneracies and even the associated Berry phases .	We conclude that an exact KS calculation can spot and characterize the degeneracies of the physical system .
+2	In this letter we present the first results of the largest broad-band ( 0.3-150 keV ) X-ray spectral study of hard X-ray selected AGN to date , focusing on the properties of heavily obscured sources .	Heavily obscured accretion is believed to represent an important stage in the growth of supermassive black holes , and to play an important role in shaping the observed spectrum of the Cosmic X-ray Background ( CXB ) .	Hard X-ray ( E $ & gt ; $ 10 keV ) selected samples are less affected by absorption than samples selected at lower energies , and are therefore one of the best ways to detect and identify Compton-thick ( CT , $ \log N_ { \rm\ , H } \geq 24 $ ) Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) .	Our sample includes the 834 AGN ( 728 non-blazar , average redshift $ z\simeq 0.055 $ ) reported in the 70-months catalog of the all-sky hard X-ray Swift/BAT survey .	We find 55 CT AGN , which represent $ 7.6^ { +1.1 } _ { -2.1 } \ % $ of our non-blazar sample .
+1	The study was accomplished by obtaining isochamps magnetization curves as a function of temperature for fields in the range of 0.4 T to 5 T. Magnetization curves for each sample when plotted together show two distinct well resolved crossing points , one formed by low field curves and located at a higher temperature than the other formed by high field curves .	We have studied the field-induced dimensional crossover in the fluctuation magnetization of three single crystals of $ YBa_2Cu_3O_ { 7-x } $ , with superconducting transition temperatures , $ T_c $ = 62.5 , 52 , and 41 K. The dimensional crossover is observed by studying the diamagnetic vortex fluctuations of the lowest-Landau-level type which occur in isochamps magnetization curves , $ MvsT $ , for temperatures close to the transition temperature $ T_ { c } ( H ) $ .	A lowest-Landau-level scaling analysis is applied to the curves forming the crossing points and it is verified that lower field curves obey the three-dimensional form of this scaling while the higher field curves obey the two-dimensional form .	The results allow to observe the evolution of the dimensional crossover field $ H_ { cross } $ , 3D-2D , with the content of oxygen in $ YBa_2Cu_3O_ { 7-x } $ .	It is observed that the evolution of the field $ H_ { cross } $ with the content of oxygen in each sample qualitatively agrees with theoretical predictions and allow us to estimate the ratio of the anisotropy among the studied samples .
+0	We study the effects of light-cone fluctuations on the renormalized zero-point energy associated with a free massless scalar field in the presence of boundaries .	In order to simulate light-cone fluctuations we introduce a space-time dependent random coefficient in the Klein-Gordon operator .	We assume that the field is defined in a domain with one confined direction .	For simplicity , we choose the symmetric case of two parallel plates separated by a distance $ a $ .	The correction to the renormalized vacuum energy density between the plates goes as $ 1/a^ { 8 } $ instead of the usual $ 1/a^ { 4 } $ dependence for the free case .
+1	The latter quantum algebras are introduced as deformations of the corresponding Lie algebras~ ; this is achieved in a simple way by means of $ qp $ -bosons .	The concept of a quantum algebra is made easy through the investigation of the prototype algebras $ u_ { qp } ( 2 ) $ , $ su_q ( 2 ) $ and $ u_ { qp } ( 1,1 ) $ .	The Hopf algebraic structure of $ u_ { qp } ( 2 ) $ is also discussed .	The basic ingredients for the representation theory of $ u_ { qp } ( 2 ) $ are given .	Finally , in connection with the quantum algebra $ u_ { qp } ( 2 ) $ , we discuss the $ qp $ -analogues of the harmonic oscillator and of the ( spherical and hyperbolical ) angular momenta .
+0	We report a method for describing plasticity in a broad class of amorphous materials .	The method is based on nonlinear ( geometric ) deformation theory allowing the separation of the plastic deformation from the general deformation tensor .	This separation allows an adequate pattern of thermodynamical phenomena for plastic deformations in polymers to be constructed .	A parameter describing the stress relaxation rate of the material is introduced within the frame of this approach .	Additionally , several experimental configurations to measure this parameter are discussed .
+0	Demographics , in particular , gender , age , and race , are a key predictor of human behavior .	Despite the significant effect that demographics plays , most scientific studies using online social media do not consider this factor , mainly due to the lack of such information .	In this work , we use state-of-the-art face analysis software to infer gender , age , and race from profile images of 350K Twitter users from New York .	For the period from November 1 , 2014 to October 31 , 2015 , we study which hashtags are used by different demographic groups .	Though we find considerable overlap for the most popular hashtags , there are also many group-specific hashtags .
+1	The usual theory can be obtained as a contraction , in which our two parameters go to infinity keeping the difference fixed .	We study a canonical quantization of the Wess -- Zumino -- Witten ( WZW ) model which depends on two integer parameters rather than one .	The quantum theory is equivalent to a generalized Thirring model , with left and right handed fermions transforming under different representations of the symmetry group .	We also point out that the classical WZW model with a compact target space has a canonical formalism in which the current algebra is an affine Lie algebra of non -- compact type .	Also , there are some non -- unitary quantizations of the WZW model in which there is invariance only under half the conformal algebra ( one copy of the Virasoro algebra ) .
+2	This process is found to be highly efficient and to exhibit improved stability at high acoustic powers when compared to direct optical pumping at the position of the quantum post .	Acousto-electric charge conveyance induced by a surface acoustic wave is employed to dissociate photogenerated excitons .	Over macroscopic distances , both electrons and holes are injected \emph { sequentially } into a remotely positioned , isolated and high-quality quantum emitter , a self-assembled quantum post .	These characteristics are attributed to the wide matrix quantum well in which charge conveyance occurs and to the larger number of carriers available for injection in the remote configuration , respectively .	The emission of such pumped quantum posts is dominated by recombination of neutral excitons and fully directional when the propagation direction of the SAW and the position of the quantum post are reversed .
+0	Researchers have argued against deficit-based explanations of students ' troubles with mathematical sense-making , pointing instead to factors such as epistemology : students ' beliefs about knowledge and learning can hinder them from activating and integrating productive knowledge they have .	In this case study of an engineering major solving problems ( about content from his introductory physics course ) during a clinical interview , we show that `` Jim '' has all the mathematical and conceptual knowledge he would need to solve a hydrostatic pressure problem that we posed to him .	But he reaches and sticks with an incorrect answer that violates common sense .	We argue that his lack of mathematical sense-making-specifically , translating and reconciling between mathematical and everyday/common-sense reasoning-stems in part from his epistemological views , i.e. , his views about the nature of knowledge and learning .	He regards mathematical equations as much more trustworthy than everyday reasoning , and he does not view mathematical equations as expressing meaning that tractably connects to common sense .
+1	The chaotic orbits divide in turn into two types , apparently separated by entropy barriers , namely `sticky ' orbit segments , which are `locked ' to the driving frequency and exhibit little systematic energy diffusion , and `wildly ' chaotic segments , which are not so locked and can exhibit significant energy diffusion .	Orbits in a three-dimensional potential subjected to periodic driving , V ( x^i , t ) = [ 1+m_0 sin ( omega t ) V_0 ( x^i ) , divide naturally into two types , regular and chaotic , between which transitions are seemingly impossible .	Attention focuses on how the relative abundance of these different orbit types and the transition rate between sticky and wildly chaotic orbits depends on amplitude m_0 , and on the extent to which these quantities can be altered by weak friction and/or noise and by pseudo-random variations in the driving frequency , idealized as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with ( in general ) nonzero autocorrelation time t_c .	When , in the absence of perturbations , there exist large measures of both regular and chaotic orbits , the primary effect of weak noise is to increase the relative measure of chaotic orbits .	Alternatively , when almost all the orbits are already chaotic , noise serves primarily to accelerate transitions from sticky to wildly chaotic behavior .
+2	Each of the simulations contains thousands of voids .	We study the formation and evolution of voids in the dark matter distribution using various simulations of the popular $ \Lambda $ Cold Dark Matter cosmogony .	We identify voids by requiring them to be regions of space with a mean overdensity of -0.8 or less .	The distribution of void sizes in the different simulations shows good agreement .	Voids very clearly correspond to minima in the smoothed initial density field .
+3	In this article we therefore propose an explicit and easily implementable numerical method for such an SDE and show that this method converges strongly with the standard order one-half to the exact solution of the SDE .	On the one hand , the explicit Euler scheme fails to converge strongly to the exact solution of a stochastic differential equation ( SDE ) with a superlinearly growing and globally one-sided Lipschitz continuous drift coefficient .	On the other hand , the implicit Euler scheme is known to converge strongly to the exact solution of such an SDE .	Implementations of the implicit Euler scheme , however , require additional computational effort .	Simulations reveal that this explicit strongly convergent numerical scheme is considerably faster than the implicit Euler scheme .
+2	They interact with the Standard Model fields through Higgs portal at renormalisable level and also to quarks through dimension-6 operators .	Minimal Flavour Violation hypothesis can provide an attractive framework for Dark Matter ( DM ) .	We consider scalar DM candidates carrying flavour quantum numbers and whose representation under the flavour group guarantees DM stability .	We provide a systematic analysis of the viable parameter space for the DM fields , which are triplet of the flavour group , considering several DM-quark interactions .	In this framework , we analyse in which cases the viable parameter space differs from Higgs portal models thanks to the underlying flavour structure .
+4	We conclude by introducing a somewhat different notion of configuration equivalence , namely strong configuration equivalence , and proved that this new definition would lead to isomorphism .	The concept of configuration was first introduced by Rosenblatt and Willis to give a characterization for the amenability of groups .	We showed that if $ G $ and $ H $ are two configuration equivalent groups , then they will be satisfied in the same group laws .	Also , solubility or being FC is a property which can be recovered from configuration sets .	Then we investigated some condition on configuration pairs , that implies isomorphism .
+2	We study $ L \times L $ systems , but we also consider $ L \times M $ samples , for different aspect ratios $ R = L / M $ .	The statistics of the ground-state and domain-wall energies for the two-dimensional random-bond Ising model on square lattices with independent , identically distributed bonds of probability $ p $ of $ J_ { ij } = -1 $ and $ ( 1-p ) $ of $ J_ { ij } = +1 $ are studied .	We are able to consider large samples of up to $ 320^2 $ spins by using sophisticated matching algorithms .	We find that the scaling behavior of the ground-state energy and its sample-to-sample fluctuations inside the spin-glass region ( $ p_c \le p \le 1 - p_c $ ) are characterized by simple scaling functions .	In particular , the fluctuations exhibit a cusp-like singularity at $ p_c $ .
+1	The hot component consists of massive neutrinos with cosmological density $ \Omega_H $ .	We study linear power spectra and formation of large scale structures in flat cosmological models with $ \Lambda \ge 0 $ and cold plus hot dark matter components ( MLM ) .	The linearized Einstein-Boltzmann equations for the evolution of the metric and density perturbations are integrated for a set of values of the cosmological parameters .	For all the considered models we assume a scale-invariant primeval spectrum .	The density weighted final linear power spectra are normalized to the four year COBE data and have been used to constrain the parameter space by a comparison of linear predictions with the current observational data on large scales .
+4	The solution of this minimization problem characterizes the asymptotically optimal resampling scheme , which is given by a tilting formula .	Given a sequence of observations from a discrete-time , finite-state hidden Markov model , we would like to estimate the sampling distribution of a statistic .	The bootstrap method is employed to approximate the confidence regions of a multi-dimensional parameter .	We propose an importance sampling formula for efficient simulation in this context .	Our approach consists of constructing a locally asymptotically normal ( LAN ) family of probability distributions around the default resampling rule and then minimizing the asymptotic variance within the LAN family .
+0	We present the results of a multi-filter photometric monitoring of the wide binary HIP10680/HIP10679 .	We found both component to be variable with amplitude up to $ \Delta $ V = 0.03 mag in the case of HIP10680 and $ \Delta $ V = 0.07 mag in the case of HIP10679 .	We could measure the rotation periods P = 0.2396d of the hotter F5V component HIP10680 and P = 0.777d of the cooler G5V component HIP10679 .	We found that the rotation axes of both components are aligned with an inclination $ i $ = $ \sim $ 10 $ ^ { \circ } $ .	Although the two components have a mass difference not larger than 15 % , they exhibit a significant difference between their rotation periods .
+2	We estimated the cluster encounter rate and suggest that tidal capture is an unlikely formation scenario for the formation of binary clusters .	Binary clusters account for more than 10 % of the cluster population in the Magellanic Clouds .	Statistically fewer than 50 % of the found pairs are expected to be chance superpositions .	Thus , most true binary clusters can be expected to have formed together .	Here we present a study of three binary cluster candidates which are located in the bar of the LMC .
+4	The graph visualization with glyphs , the flow map , and the uncertainty analysis together enable analysts to effectively find the most uncertain results and interactively refine them .	Although there has been a great deal of interest in analyzing customer opinions and breaking news in microblogs , progress has been hampered by the lack of an effective mechanism to discover and retrieve data of interest from microblogs .	To address this problem , we have developed an uncertainty-aware visual analytics approach to retrieve salient posts , users , and hashtags .	We extend an existing ranking technique to compute a multifaceted retrieval result : the mutual reinforcement rank of a graph node , the uncertainty of each rank , and the propagation of uncertainty among different graph nodes .	To illustrate the three facets , we have also designed a composite visualization with three visual components : a graph visualization , an uncertainty glyph , and a flow map .
+1	Information can be propagated by the users of the network via natural connections in written , oral or electronic form .	One major function of social networks ( e.g. , massive online social networks ) is the dissemination of information such as scientific knowledge , news , and rumors .	The information passing from a sender to a receiver intrinsically involves both of them considering their self-perceived knowledge , reputation , and popularity , which further determine their decisions of whether or not to forward the information and whether or not to provide feedback .	To understand such human aspects of the information dissemination , we propose a game theoretical model of the two-way full duplex information forwarding and feedback mechanisms in a social network that take into account the personalities of the communicating actors ( including their perceived knowledgeability , reputation , and desire for popularity ) and the global characteristics of the network .	The model demonstrates how the emergence of social networks can be explained in terms of maximizing game theoretical utility .
+1	These have recently been given a formulation in the setting of operator algebras as the Schur-Horn problem , where matrix algebras and diagonals are replaced respectively by finite factors and maximal abelian self-adjoint subalgebras ( masas ) .	Two classical theorems in matrix theory , due to Schur and Horn , relate the eigenvalues of a self-adjoint matrix to the diagonal entries .	There is a special case of the problem , called the carpenter problem , which can be stated as follows : for a masa A in a finite factor M with conditional expectation E_A , can each x in A with 0 & lt ; = x & lt ; = 1 be expressed as E_A ( p ) for a projection p in M ?	In this paper , we investigate these problems for various masas .	We give positive solutions for the generator and radial masas in free group factors , and we also solve affirmatively a weaker form of the Schur-Horm problem for the Cartan masa in the hyperfinite factor .
+2	We present new angular differential imaging ( ADI ) images of the Kappa Andromedae system at 2.146 ( Ks ) , 3.776 ( L ' ) , 4.052 ( NB 4.05 ) and 4.78 { \mu } m ( M ' ) obtained with Keck/NIRC2 and LBTI/LMIRCam , as well as more accurate near-infrared photometry of the star with the MIMIR instrument .	We previously reported the direct detection of a low mass companion at a projected separation of 55+-2 AU around the B9 type star { \kappa } Andromedae .	The properties of the system ( mass ratio , separation ) make it a benchmark for the understanding of the formation and evolution of gas giant planets and brown dwarfs on wide-orbits .	We derive a more accurate J = 15.86 +- 0.21 , H = 14.95 +- 0.13 , Ks = 14.32 +- 0.09 mag for { \kappa } And b .	We redetect the companion in all our high contrast observations .
+3	In this paper , we make the first attempt to describe the full redshift evolution of the 21 cm signal between 0 & lt ; z & lt ; 300 .	The potential use of the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen for probing the epoch of reionization is motivating the construction of several low-frequency interferometers .	There is also much interest in the possibility of constraining the initial conditions from inflation and the nature of the dark matter and dark energy by probing the power-spectrum of density perturbations in three dimensions and on smaller scales than probed by the microwave background anisotropies .	Theoretical understanding of the 21 cm signal has been fragmented into different regimes of physical interest .	We include contributions to the 21 cm signal from fluctuations in the gas density , temperature and neutral fraction , as well as the Lyman alpha flux , and allow for a post-reionization signal from damped Ly alpha systems .
+1	We find significant numbers of galaxies that have stellar masses exceeding 10^8 Mo during this epoch , with metallicities exceeding one-thirtieth solar .	We present predictions drawn from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations for the physical , photometric and emission line properties of galaxies present during the latter stages of reionization from z=9-6 .	Far from primeval `` first-star '' objects , these objects are likely to have reionized their infall regions prior to z=9 , are dominated by atomic rather than molecular cooling , and are not expected to be forming Population III stars .	Galaxies exhibit a slowly evolving comoving autocorrelation length from z=9-6 , continuing a trend seen at lower redshifts in which the rapidly dropping bias counteracts the rapidly increasing matter clustering .	These sources can be marginally detected using current instruments , but modest increases in sensitivity or survey area would yield significantly increased samples .
+4	The magnetic phase separation plays an important role in the formation of magnetic states , the corresponding phase regions being especially wide in the vicinity of half-filling .	The ground-state magnetic phase diagram is investigated within the single-band Hubbard model for square and different cubic lattices .	The results of employing the generalized non-correlated mean-field ( Hartree-Fock ) approximation and generalized slave-boson approach by Kotliar and Ruckenstein with correlation effects included are compared .	We take into account commensurate ferromagnetic , antiferromagnetic , and incommensurate ( spiral ) magnetic phases , as well as phase separation into magnetic phases of different types , which was often lacking in previous investigations .	It is found that the spiral states and especially ferromagnetism are generally strongly suppressed up to non-realistically large Hubbard $ U $ by the correlation effects if nesting is absent and van Hove singularities are well away from the paramagnetic phase Fermi level .
+4	Based upon the E ( B-V ) limits , the gas-to-dust ratios , N ( HI ) /E ( B-V ) , of the four aforementioned DLAs are at least 5 times higher than that of the Milky Way ISM .	We present equivalent width measurements and limits of six diffuse interstellar bands ( DIBs ) in seven damped Ly-alpha absorbers ( DLAs ) over the redshift range 0.091 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.524 , sampling 20.3 & lt ; log [ N ( HI ) ] & lt ; 21.7 .	DIBs were detected in only one of the seven DLAs , that which has the highest reddening and metallicity .	Based upon the Galactic DIB-N ( HI ) relation , the 6284 DIB equivalent width upper limits in four of the seven DLAs are a factor of 4-10 times below the 6284 DIB equivalent widths observed in the Milky Way , but are not inconsistent with those present in the Magellanic Clouds .	Assuming the Galactic DIB-E ( B-V ) relation , we determine reddening upper limits for the DLAs in our sample .
+2	Everything you see on the display in a java application is a component .	The fundamental unit of large scale software construction is the component .	A component is the fundamental user interface object in Java .	The ability to let users drag a component from the Interface and drop into your application is almost a requirement of a modern , commercial user interface .	The CBD approach brings high component reusability and easy maintainability , and reduces time-to-market .
+2	In this paper we present a new investigation of the evolution of faint radio sources out to $ z { \sim } 2.5 $ .	It has been speculated that low luminosity radio-loud AGN have the potential to serve as an important source of AGN feedback , and may be responsible for suppressing star-formation activity in massive elliptical galaxies at late times .	As such the cosmic evolution of these sources is vitally important to understanding the significance of such AGN feedback processes and their influence on the global star-formation history of the universe .	We combine a 1 square degree VLA radio survey , complete to a depth of 100 $ \mu $ Jy , with accurate 10 band photometric redshifts from the VIDEO and CFHTLS surveys .	The results indicate that the radio population experiences mild positive evolution out to $ z { \sim } 1.2 $ increasing their space density by a factor of $ \sim $ 3 , consistent with results of several previous studies .
+3	Here , we propose a fully automated and robust optimisation-based approach to detect filaments of consistent intensities and angles in a given network .	Thread-like structures are pervasive across scales , from polymeric proteins to root systems to galaxy filaments , and their characteristics can be readily investigated in the network formalism .	Yet , network links usually represent only parts of filaments , which , when neglected , may lead to erroneous conclusions from network-based analyses .	The existing alternatives to detect filaments in network representations require tuning of parameters over a large range of values and treat all filaments equally , thus , precluding automated analysis of diverse filamentous systems .	We test and demonstrate the accuracy of our solution with contrived , biological , and cosmic filamentous structures .
+0	A two-body problem on the square lattice is analyzed .	The interaction potential consists of strong on-site repulsion and nearest-neighbor attraction .	Exact pairing conditions are derived for s- , p- , and d-symmetric bound states .	The pairing conditions are strong functions of the total pair momentum K. It is found that the stability of pairs increases with K. At weak attraction , the pairs do not form at the $ \Gamma $ -point but stabilize at lattice momenta close to the Brillouin zone boundary .	The phase boundaries in the momentum space , which separate stable and unstable pairs are calculated .
+3	In Na $ _ { 1.1-x } $ Ca $ _x $ Co $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ , the resistivity and the thermopower increase with $ x $ , and the Ca $ ^ { 2+ } $ substitution for Na $ ^+ $ reduces the majority carriers in NaCo $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ .	The resistivity and thermopower of Na $ _ { 1+x } $ Co $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ and Na $ _ { 1.1-x } $ Ca $ _x $ Co $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ are measured and analyzed .	In Na $ _ { 1+x } $ Co $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ , whereas the resistivity increases with $ x $ , the thermopower is nearly independent of $ x $ .	This suggests that the excess Na is unlikely to supply carriers , and decreases effective conduction paths in the sample .	This means that they are holes , which is consistent with the positive sign of the thermopower .
+2	The accuracy of the measurement of each state is & lt ; 1 MHz , which is achieved by frequency stabilizing the two diode lasers employed for the spectroscopy to a frequency comb and a frequency comb calibrated wavelength meter , respectively .	We report the measurement of absolute excitation frequencies of 87Rb to nS and nD Rydberg states .	The Rydberg transition frequencies are obtained by observing electromagnetically induced transparency on a rubidium vapor cell .	Based on the spectroscopic data we determine the quantum defects of 87Rb , and compare it with previous measurements on 85Rb .	We determine the ionization frequency from the 5S1/2 ( F=1 ) ground state of 87Rb to 1010.0291646 ( 3 ) THz , providing the binding energy of the ground state with an accuracy improved by two orders of magnitude .
+0	Hierarchies of concepts are useful in many applications from navigation to organization of objects .	Usually , a hierarchy is created in a centralized manner by employing a group of domain experts , a time-consuming and expensive process .	The experts often design one single hierarchy to best explain the semantic relationships among the concepts , and ignore the natural uncertainty that may exist in the process .	In this paper , we propose a crowdsourcing system to build a hierarchy and furthermore capture the underlying uncertainty .	Our system maintains a distribution over possible hierarchies and actively selects questions to ask using an information gain criterion .
+2	The present work seeks to illuminate mechanisms leading to symmetry-breaking and limit cycle behavior that are fundamental to these combustion modes .	Premixed flames propagating within small channels show complex combustion phenomena that differ from flame propagation at conventional scales .	Available experimental and numerical studies have documented stationary/non-stationary and/or asymmetric modes that depend on properties of the incoming reactant flow as well as channel geometry and wall temperatures .	Specifically , four cases of lean premixed methane/air combustion -- two equivalence ratios ( 0.53 and 0.7 ) and two channel widths ( 2 and 5mm ) -- are investigated in a 2D configuration with constant channel length and bulk inlet velocity , where numerical simulations are performed using detailed chemistry .	External wall heating is simulated by imposing a linear temperature gradient as a boundary condition on both walls .
+1	If computations were carried out with exact arithmetic then it would be easy to ensure such reversibility , but the use of approximate floating point arithmetic inevitably introduces violations of reversibility .	The theoretical justification of the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm depends upon the molecular dynamics trajectories within it being exactly reversible .	In the absence of evidence to the contrary , we are usually prepared to accept that such rounding errors can be made small enough to be innocuous , but in certain circumstances they are exponentially amplified and lead to blatantly erroneous results .	We show that there are two types of instability of the molecular dynamics trajectories which lead to this behavior , instabilities due to insufficiently accurate numerical integration of Hamilton 's equations , and intrinsic chaos in the underlying continuous fictitious time equations of motion themselves .	We analyze the former for free field theory , and show that it is essentially a finite volume effect .
+2	The presence of several sources with different Gamma_jet will lead to superposition of several such peaks .	We propose that relativistic Galactic jets like those observed in GRS 1915+105 and GRO J1655-40 may produce small but measurable contributions to the cosmic ray ( CR ) spectrum .	If these jets contain cold protons and heavy ions ( as in SS433 ) , it is plausible that this component will consist of a narrow spectral feature , with a mean particle energy corresponding roughly to the bulk kinetic particle energy in the beam , Gamma_jet m c^2 , which , based on current estimates of Gamma_jet , falls into the range of 3-10 GeV .	Additionally , diffusive particle acceleration should produce a powerlaw whose low energy cutoff at or above Gamma_jet^2 m c^2 would be visible as another spectral feature .	The large metallicities measured in several microquasar companions suggest that this CR component could have an anomalous composition compared to the bulk Galactic CRs .
+4	Only a portion of the condensate is used in the proposed detection method leaving the rest in its initial state .	The transfer of orbital angular momentum from an optical vortex to an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate changes the vorticity of the condensate .	The spatial mismatch between initial and final center-of-mass wavefunctions of the condensate influences significantly the two-photon optical dipole transition between corresponding states .	We show that the transition rate depends on the handedness of the optical orbital angular momentum leading to optical manipulation of matter-wave vortices and circular dichroism-like effect .	Based on this effect , we propose a method to detect the presence and sign of matter-wave vortex of atomic superfluids .
+1	We find significant degrees of linear polarization for observers located at viewing angles theta_v \gtrsim theta_j .	We consider the polarization properties of photospheric emission originating in jets consisting of a highly relativistic core of opening angle theta_j and Lorentz factor Gamma_0 , and a surrounding shear layer where the Lorentz factor is decreasing as a power law of index p with angle from the jet axis .	In particular , the polarization degree of emission from narrow jets ( theta_j \approx 1/Gamma_0 ) with steep Lorentz factor gradients ( p \gtrsim 4 ) reaches \sim 40 % .	The angle of polarization may shift by pi/2 for time-variable jets .	The spectrum below the thermal peak of the polarized emission appears non-thermal due to aberration of light , without the need for additional radiative processes or energy dissipation .
+1	A ( discrete ) X-ray of $ F $ in direction $ s $ gives the number of points of $ F $ on each line parallel to $ s $ .	Let $ F $ be an $ n $ -point set in $ \mathbb { K } ^d $ with $ \mathbb { K } \in\ { \mathbb { R } , \mathbb { Z } \ } $ and $ d\geq 2 $ .	We define $ \psi_ { \mathbb { K } ^d } ( m ) $ as the minimum number $ n $ for which there exist $ m $ directions $ s_1 , ... , s_m $ ( pairwise linearly independent and spanning $ \mathbb { R } ^d $ ) such that two $ n $ -point sets in $ \mathbb { K } ^d $ exist that have the same X-rays in these directions .	The bound $ \psi_ { \mathbb { Z } ^d } ( m ) \leq 2^ { m-1 } $ has been observed many times in the literature .	In this note we show $ \psi_ { \mathbb { K } ^d } ( m ) =O ( m^ { d+1+\varepsilon } ) $ for $ \varepsilon & gt ; 0 $ .
+4	We have applied these techniques to the co-added spectra of the distant cluster galaxies to determine the relative ages of the E and S0 populations .	We combine morphological classifications from deep HST imaging of a sample of 3 clusters at z=0.31 and a further 9 clusters at z=0.37-0.56 with existing spectroscopic observations of their E and S0 populations , to study the relative spectral properties of these two galaxy types .	We have also used similar data for the Coma cluster as a present day bench-mark with which to compare our data at higher redshift .	The data span the range where strong evolution is claimed in the proportion of S0 galaxies within rich clusters .	Techniques have been recently developed to analyse the strengths of absorption lines in the spectra of local , passive galaxies to separate the effects of age & amp ; metallicity and hence date the ages of the most recent , substantial star formation episode in these galaxies .
+0	Using our new post-Newtonian ( PN ) smoothed particle hydrodynamics ( SPH ) code , we have studied numerically the mergers of neutron star binaries with irrotational initial configurations .	Here we describe a new method for constructing numerically accurate initial conditions for irrotational binary systems with circular orbits in PN gravity .	We then compute the 3D hydrodynamic evolution of these systems until the two stars have completely merged , and we determine the corresponding GW signals .	We present results for systems with different binary mass ratios , and for neutron stars represented by polytropes with $ \Gamma=2 $ or $ \Gamma=3 $ .	Compared to mergers of corotating binaries , we find that irrotational binary mergers produce similar peak GW luminosities , but they shed almost no mass at all to large distances .
+1	The diameter of SiC core and thickness of SiO $ _ { 2 } $ shell were changed by adjusting the flow ratio between Ar dilution gas and ethanol precursor .	A controllable synthesis method for SiC-SiO $ _ { 2 } $ nanocables has been proposed .	With increasing the flow , the enhancement of 1137cm $ ^ { -1 } $ peak was observed from fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR ) spectra .	This peak is considered to be originated from a highly disordered surface structure of SiO $ _ { 2 } $ shell which was enhanced with increasing the flow .	The FTIR spectra show the 910cm $ ^ { -1 } $ peak which is attributed to surface phonon resonance in the nanostructure of SiC exited by p-polarized field component .
+1	In addition , correlations between the different images of the same shower are taken into account .	Stereoscopic arrays of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes allow to reconstruct gamma-ray-induced showers in 3 dimensions , which offers several advantages : direct access to the shower parameters in space and straightforward calorimetric measurement of the incident energy .	An analysis method based on a simple 3D-model of electromagnetic showers was recently implemented in the framework of the H.E.S.S.experiment .	In the present article , the method is completed by an additional quality criterion , which reduces the background contamination by a factor of about 2 in the case of extended sources , while keeping gamma-ray efficiency at a high level .	On the other hand , the dramatic flares of the blazar PKS 2155-304 in July 2006 , which provided H.E.S.S .
+3	The thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles is the same as that of Klein-Gordon particles .	Hawking evaporation of Dirac particles and scalar fields in a Vaidya-type black hole is investigated by the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation .	It is shown that Hawking radiation of Dirac particles does not exist for $ P_1 , Q_2 $ components but for $ P_2 , Q_1 $ components in any Vaidya-type black holes .	Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon change with time .	We demonstrates that there is no new quantum ergosphere effect in the thermal radiation of Dirac particles in any spherically symmetry black holes .
+2	We find that the charge ordered insulators in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling can be topological insulators showing quantized spin Hall conductivity .	The possibility of realizing topological insulators by spontaneous formation of electronic superstructure is theoretically investigated in a minimal two-orbital model including both the spin-orbit coupling and electron correlations on a triangular lattice .	Using the mean-field approximation , we show that the model exhibits several different types of charge ordered insulators , where the charge disproportionation forms a honeycomb or kagome superstructure .	Their band gap is dependent on electron correlations as well as the spin-orbit coupling , and even vanishes with showing the massless Dirac dispersion at the transition to a trivial charge ordered insulator .	Our results suggest a new route to realize and control topological states of quantum matter by the interplay between the spin-orbit coupling and electron correlations .
+4	An analytic expression is also provided for the force acting on an atom in front of a slab .	We study the Casimir-Lifshitz force and the radiative heat transfer occurring between two arbitrary bodies , each one held at a given temperature , surrounded by environmental radiation at a third temperature .	The system , in stationary configuration out of thermal equilibrium , is characterized by a force and a heat transfer depending on the three temperatures , and explicitly expressed in terms of the scattering operators of each body .	We find a closed-form analytic expression valid for bodies of any geometry and dielectric properties .	As an example , the force between two parallel slabs of finite thickness is calculated , showing the importance of the environmental temperature as well as the occurrence of a repulsive interaction .
+3	In the synchrotron scenario , the synchrotron self-Compton scattering is likely to be in the Klein-Nishina regime and therefore the resulting high-energy emission is subdominant , even though the magnetic field energy density is lower than that in relativistic electrons .	Fermi observations of high-energy gamma-ray emission from GRB 080916C shows that its spectrum is consistent with the Band function from MeV to tens of GeV .	Assuming one single emission mechanism dominates in the whole energy range , we show that this spectrum is consistent with synchrotron origin by shock-accelerated electrons .	The simple electron inverse-Compton model and the hadronic model are found to be less viable .	The Klein-Nishina inverse-Compton cooling may also affect the low-energy electron number distribution and hence results in a low-energy synchrotron photon spectrum $ n ( \nu ) \propto\nu^ { -1 } $ below the peak energy .
+3	In this paper we present an investigation into the nature of the dusty Wolf-Rayet star and candidate binary W239 .	There is growing evidence that a treatment of binarity amongst OB stars is essential for a full theory of stellar evolution .	However the binary properties of massive stars - frequency , mass ratio and orbital separation - are still poorly constrained .	In order to address this shortcoming we have undertaken a multiepoch spectroscopic study of the stellar population of the young massive cluster Westerlund 1 .	We determined an orbital period of only 5.05 days - making it one of the most compact WC binaries yet identified - while we interpret a significant near-IR flare between 2004-6 as evidence for a third massive stellar component in the system in a wide eccentric orbit .
+0	In this talk I shall describe an extension of the quantum-vacuum approach to sonoluminescence proposed several years ago by J.Schwinger .	We shall first consider a model calculation based on Bogolubov coefficients relating the QED vacuum in the presence of an expanded bubble to that in the presence of a collapsed bubble .	In this way we shall derive an estimate for the spectrum and total energy emitted .	This latter will be shown to be proportional to the volume of space over which the refractive index changes , as Schwinger predicted .	After this preliminary check we shall deal with the physical constraints that any viable dynamical model for SL has to satisfy in order to fit the experimental data .
+1	E794 in the Enestroem index .	Translated from the Latin original , `` Theorema arithmeticum eiusque demonstratio '' , Commentationes arithmeticae collectae 2 ( 1849 ) , 588-592 .	For m distinct numbers a , b , c , d , ... , \upsilon , x this paper evaluates \ [ \frac { a^n } { ( a-b ) ( a-c ) ( a-d ) ... ( a-x ) } +\frac { b^n } { ( b-a ) ( b-c ) ( b-d ) ... ( b-x ) } + ... +\frac { x^n } { ( x-a ) ( x-b ) ( x-c ) ... ( x-\upsilon ) } .	\ ] When $ n \leq m-2 $ , the sum is 0 , which Euler had already shown in sect .	1169 of his Institutiones calculi integralis , vol.I , E366 .
+3	The rest frame mid- to far-infrared spectral energy distributions are consistent with these submillimeter galaxies being scaled up versions of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies .	Using the Infrared Spectrograph ( IRS ) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope , we have obtained rest frame mid-infrared spectroscopy of two bright submillimeter galaxies .	SMMJ02399-0136 at z=2.81 shows a superposition of PAH emission features and a mid-infrared continuum , indicating significant and roughly equal contributions to its bolometric luminosity from star formation and from a Compton-thick AGN .	We derive a new redshift of z=2.80 for MMJ154127+6616 from the IRS spectrum and find this object is dominated by starburst PAH emission .	The mid-infrared spectra support the scenario that submillimeter galaxies are sites of extreme star formation and represent a key phase in the formation of massive galaxies .
+3	Secondly , we obtain a geometric realization of the Drinfel 'd double as the global orbifold $ K $ -- theory of global quotient given by the inertia variety of a point with a $ G $ action on the one hand and more stunningly a geometric realization of its representation ring in the braided category sense as the full $ K $ -- theory of the stack $ [ pt/G ] $ .	This paper exposes the fundamental role that the Drinfel 'd double $ \dkg $ of the group ring of a finite group $ G $ and its twists $ \dbkg $ , $ \beta \in Z^3 ( G , \uk ) $ as defined by Dijkgraaf -- Pasquier -- Roche play in stringy orbifold theories and their twistings .	The results pertain to three different aspects of the theory .	First , we show that $ G $ -- Frobenius algebras arising in global orbifold cohomology or K-theory are most naturally defined as elements in the braided category of $ \dkg $ -- modules .	Finally , we show how one can use the co-cycles $ \beta $ above to twist a ) the global orbifold $ K $ -- theory of the inertia of a global quotient and more importantly b ) the stacky $ K $ -- theory of a global quotient $ [ X/G ] $ .
+4	We also prove that the assumption of nonsingularity in Nie 's method can be weakened as the finiteness of singularities .	This paper considers the optimization problem of minimizing a rational function .	We reformulate this problem as polynomial optimization by the technique of homogenization .	These two problems are shown to be equivalent under some generic conditions .	The exact Jacobian SDP relaxation method proposed by Nie is used to solve the resulting polynomial optimization .
+3	Because of the presence of the noise matrix N , the commonly used Lasso and Dantzig selector are unstable .	We consider the regression model with observation error in the design : y=X\theta* + e , Z=X+N .	Here the random vector y in R^n and the random n*p matrix Z are observed , the n*p matrix X is unknown , N is an n*p random noise matrix , e in R^n is a random noise vector , and \theta* is a vector of unknown parameters to be estimated .	We consider the setting where the dimension p can be much larger than the sample size n and \theta* is sparse .	An alternative procedure called the Matrix Uncertainty ( MU ) selector has been proposed in Rosenbaum and Tsybakov ( 2010 ) in order to account for the noise .
+1	We distinguish four cluster galaxy populations , based on their radial and velocity distributions within the clusters .	We study the evolution of galaxies in clusters by the analysis of a sample of about 3000 galaxies , members of 59 clusters from the ESO Nearby Abell Cluster Survey ( ENACS ) .	Using the class of ellipticals and S0 's ( excluding the very bright ellipticals ) , we determine the average cluster mass profile , that we compare with mass models available from numerical simulations .	We then use this cluster mass profile to solve for the anisotropy profiles of the three other cluster galaxy populations , viz .	the very bright ellipticals , the early spirals , and the late spirals with the emission-line galaxies .
+0	In this paper we show that Quiescent Cosmology [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] is consistent with Penrose 's Weyl Curvature Hypothesis and the notion of gravitational entropy [ 4 ] .	Gravitational entropy , from a conceptual point of view , acts in an opposite fashion to the more familiar notion of entropy .	A closed system of gravitating particles will coalesce whereas a collection of gas particles will tend to diffuse ; regarding increasing entropy , these two scenarios are identical .	What has been shown previously [ 2 , 3 ] is that gravitational entropy at the initial singularity predicted by Quiescent Cosmology - the Isotropic Past Singularity ( IPS ) - tends to zero .	The results from this paper show that not only is this the case but that gravitational entropy increases as this singularity evolves .
+1	This spotlight is shared with investigations of the potential of high energy telescopes to observe oscillating atmospheric neutrinos .	Although high energy neutrino astronomy is a multidisciplinary science , gamma ray bursts have become the theoretical focus since recent astronomical observations revealed their potential as cosmic particle accelerators .	The Superkamiokande results have boosted atmospheric neutrinos from a calibration tool and a background for doing astronomy , to an opportunity to confirm the evidence for neutrino mass .	Nevertheless , the highlights are mostly on the experimental front with the completion of the first-generation Baikal and AMANDA detectors .	Neutrino signals from the Lake Baikal detector bode well for the flurry of activities in the Mediterranean .
+1	In contrast to the model known as the Kuznetsov equation , the proposed nonlinear wave equation preserves the Hamiltonian structure of the fundamental fluid dynamical equations in the non-dissipative limit .	A wave equation , that governs finite amplitude acoustic disturbances in a thermoviscous Newtonian fluid , and includes nonlinear terms up to second order , is proposed .	An exact traveling front solution is obtained from a generalized traveling wave assumption .	This solution is , in an overall sense , equivalent to the Taylor shock solution of the Burgers equation .	However , in contrast to the Burgers equation , the model equation considered here is capable to describe waves propagating in opposite directions .
+2	On the embedded surface freely falling particles move on the shortest path .	Starting from the equations of motion in a 1 + 1 static , diagonal , Lorentzian spacetime , such as the Schwarzschild radial line element , I find another metric , but with Euclidean signature , which produces the same geodesics x ( t ) .	This geodesically equivalent , or dual , metric can be embedded in ordinary Euclidean space .	Thus one can visualize how acceleration in a gravitational field is explained by particles moving freely in a curved spacetime .	Freedom in the dual metric allows us to display , with substantial curvature , even the weak gravity of our Earth .
+2	For several rank minimization problems , such a replacement has been theoretically proven to be valid , i.e. , the solution to nuclear norm minimization problem is also the solution to rank minimization problem .	Rank minimization has attracted a lot of attention due to its robustness in data recovery .	To overcome the computational difficulty , rank is often replaced with nuclear norm .	Although it is easy to believe that such a replacement may not always be valid , no concrete example has ever been found .	We argue that such a validity checking can not be done by numerical computation and show , by analyzing the noiseless latent low rank representation ( LatLRR ) model , that even for very simple rank minimization problems the validity may still break down .
+3	This phase transition behaves as the first order one .	Low temperature studies of the behavior of the sound velocity and attenuation of acoustic modes have been performed on a single crystal NdFe_3 ( BO_3 ) _4 .	Transitions of the magnetic subsystem to the antiferromagnetically ordered state at T_N \approx 30.6 K have been revealed in the temperature behavior of the elastic characteristics .	The features in the temperature behavior of elastic characteristics of the neodymium ferroborate and its behavior in the external magnetic field , applied in the basic plane of the crystal , permit us to suppose that the transition to an incommensurate spiral phase is realized in the system .	H-T phase diagrams for the cases H \parallel a and H \parallel b have been constructed .
+1	In this case two of the images are close to the critical curve and their flux ratio should be equal to unity , instead in several cases the observed value differs significantly .	We study the anomalous flux ratio which is observed in some four-image lens systems , where the source lies close to a fold caustic .	The most plausible solution is to invoke the presence of substructures , as for instance predicted by the Cold Dark Matter scenario , located near the two images .	In particular , we analyze the two fold lens systems PG1115+080 and B1555+375 , for which there are not yet satisfactory models which explain the observed anomalous flux ratios .	We add to a smooth lens model , which reproduces well the positions of the images but not the anomalous fluxes , one or two substructures described as singular isothermal spheres .
+1	By utilizing the Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics ( LGSAO ) to reduce the quasar PSF to FWHM~0.15 arcsec , we were able to search for and map the foreground DLA emission free from the quasar contamination .	We present the first Keck/OSIRIS infrared IFU observations of a high redshift damped Lyman-alpha ( DLA ) galaxy detected in the line of sight to a background quasar .	We present maps of the H-alpha and [ OIII ] $ \lambda \lambda $ 5007 , 4959 emission of DLA 2222-0946 at a redshift of z ~ 2.35 .	From the composite spectrum over the H-alpha emission region we measure a star formation rate of 9.5 $ \pm $ 1.0 M $ _ { \odot } $ year $ ^ { -1 } $ and a dynamical mass , M $ _ { dyn } $ = 6.1 x 10 $ ^9 $ M $ _ { \odot } $ .	The average star formation rate surface density is & lt ; \Sigma_ { SFR } & gt ; = 0.55 M $ _ { \odot } $ yr $ ^ { -1 } $ kpc $ ^ { -2 } $ , with a central peak of 1.7 M $ _ { \odot } $ yr $ ^ { -1 } $ kpc $ ^ { -2 } $ .
+1	To this end , we have begun monitoring observations with the East-Asian VLBI Network .	Very long baseline interferometry ( VLBI ) monitoring of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser allows us to measure the internal proper motions of the maser spots and therefore study the gas motion around high-mass young stellar objects .	In this paper we present the results of the first epoch observation for 36 sources , including 35 VLBI images of the methanol maser .	Since two independent sources were found in three images , respectively , images of 38 sources were obtained .	In 34 sources , more than or equal to 10 spots were detected .
+4	Key Words : Weyl groupoid , Hopf algebra , Nichols algebra	The paper purposes to contribute to the classification of pointed Hopf algebras by the method of Andruskiewitsch and Schneider .	The structure of arithmetic root systems is enlightened such that their relation to ordinary root systems associated to semi-simple Lie algebras becomes more astounding .	As an application all arithmetic root systems of rank 3 are determined .	The result gives in particular all finite dimensional rank 3 Nichols algebras of diagonal type over a field of characteristic zero .
+3	A secondary receiver observes a multiple access channel of two users , the secondary and the primary transmitter , respectively .	A cognitive radio can operate as a secondary system in a given spectrum .	This operation should use limited power in order not to disturb the communication by primary spectrum user .	Under such conditions , in this paper we investigate how to maximize the spectral efficiency in the secondary system .	We show that , for spectrally-efficient operation , the secondary system should apply Opportunistic Interference Cancellation ( OIC ) .
+2	Therefore , in this paper we present a resampling algorithm which allows to decide whether deviations between a parametric and a non-parametric model are systematic or due to noise .	In astrophysical ( inverse ) regression problems it is an important task to decide whether a given parametric model describes the observational data sufficiently well or whether a non-parametric modelling becomes necessary .	However , in contrast to common practice this can not be decided by solely comparing the quality of fit due to possible over-fitting by the non-parametric method .	The algorithm is based on a statistical comparison of the corresponding residuals , under the assumption of the parametric model as well as under violation of this assumption .	This yields a graphical tool for a robust decision making of parametric versus non-parametric modelling .
+2	The class of feed-back strategies we use is carefully chosen so that the state equation admits strong solutions and the technicalities involved in the Stochastic Perron Method carry through in a rather simple way .	We develop here the Stochastic Perron Method in the framework of two-player zero-sum differential games .	We consider the formulation of the game where both players play , symmetrically , feed-back strategies ( as in [ CR09 ] or [ PZ12 ] ) as opposed to the Elliott-Kalton formulation prevalent in the literature .	More precisely , we define the game over elementary strategies , which are well motivated by intuition .	Within this framework , the Stochastic Perron Method produces a viscosity sub-solution of the upper Isaacs equation dominating the upper value of the game , and a viscosity super-solution of the upper Isaacs equation lying below the upper value of the game .
+4	While some indications existed that opacity effects might play some role in strong transition region lines , self-absorption has not been observed before .	Transient brightenings in the transition region of the Sun have been studied for decades and are usually related to magnetic reconnection .	Recently , absorption features due to chromospheric lines have been identified in transition region emission lines raising the question of the thermal stratification during such reconnection events .	We analyse data from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph ( IRIS ) in an emerging active region .	Here the spectral profiles show clear self-absorption features in the transition region lines of Si\ , { \sc { iv } } .
+2	A large fraction of CE phases which end with ejection of the envelope are thought to be initiated by low-mass red giants , giants with inert , degenerate helium cores .	It is likely that at least some planetary nebulae are composed of matter which was ejected from a binary star system during common-envelope ( CE ) evolution .	For these planetary nebulae the ionizing component is the hot and luminous remnant of a giant which had its envelope ejected by a companion in the process of spiralling-in to its current short-period orbit .	We discuss the possible end-of-CE structures of such stars and their subsequent evolution to investigate for which structures planetary nebulae are formed .	We assume that a planetary nebula forms if the remnant reaches an effective temperature greater than 30 kK within 10^4 yr of ejecting its envelope .
+2	Experimentally , the static friction force has been observed to slightly depend on time .	The dry frictional contact between two solid surfaces is well-known to obey Coulomb friction laws .	In particular , the static friction force resisting the relative lateral ( tangential ) motion of solid surfaces , initially at rest , is known to be proportional to the normal force and independent of the area of the macroscopic surfaces in contact .	Such an aging phenomenon has been accounted for either by the creep of the material or by the condensation of water bridges at the microscopic contacts points .	Studying a toy-model , we show that the small uncontrolled temperature changes of the system can also lead to a significant increase of the static friction force .
+2	In this paper , we provide a single reduction that 1 ) demonstrates NP-hardness of determining whether Nash equilibria with certain natural properties exist , and 2 ) demonstrates the # P-hardness of counting Nash equilibria ( or connected sets of Nash equilibria ) .	Noncooperative game theory provides a normative framework for analyzing strategic interactions .	However , for the toolbox to be operational , the solutions it defines will have to be computed .	We also show that 3 ) determining whether a pure-strategy Bayes-Nash equilibrium exists is NP-hard , and that 4 ) determining whether a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium exists in a stochastic ( Markov ) game is PSPACE-hard even if the game is invisible ( this remains NP-hard if the game is finite ) .	All of our hardness results hold even if there are only two players and the game is symmetric .
+3	This improvement was presented in 1997 by exploiting the Hankel structure of the syndrome matrix .	In coding theory , Reed-Solomon codes are one of the most well-known and widely used classes of error-correcting codes .	In this thesis we study and compare two major strategies known for their decoding procedure , the Peterson-Gorenstein-Zierler ( PGZ ) and the Berlekamp-Massey ( BM ) decoder , in order to improve existing decoding algorithms and propose faster new ones .	In particular we study a modified version of the PGZ decoder , which we will call the fast Peterson-Gorenstein-Zierler ( fPGZ ) decoding algorithm .	In this thesis we show that the fPGZ decoding algorithm can be seen as a particular case of the BM one .
+2	We argue that linear classification in the feature space of kernels commonly used for graphs is often not enough to produce good results .	Inspired by a growing interest in analyzing network data , we study the problem of node classification on graphs , focusing on approaches based on kernel machines .	Conventionally , kernel machines are linear classifiers in the implicit feature space .	When this is the case , one naturally considers nonlinear classifiers in the feature space .	We show that repeating this process produces something we call `` deep kernel machines . ''
+2	A2256 hosts the nearest radio halo with very steep spectrum , with $ \alpha =1.61 $ , and a very large population of relativistic protons in the cluster would be necessary to explain the halo as due to synchrotron emission from secondary particles .	Giant radio halos are the most relevant examples of diffuse synchrotron emission from galaxy clusters .	A number of these sources have very steep spectrum , with spectral index $ \alpha \geq 1.5-1.6 $ ( $ F ( \nu ) \propto \nu^ { -\alpha } $ ) , and are ideal targets to test current models for the origin of the relativistic particles .	In this case the 0.1-1 GeV $ \gamma $ -- ray luminosity is expected 10-20 times larger than that of clusters hosting radio halos with similar radio power at GHz frequencies but with spectra more typical of the presently observed halo population , $ \alpha \sim 1.2 $ .	Under these assumptions incoming FERMI/GLAST observations are expected to detect A2256 , provided that the magnetic field in the central cluster region is $ \leq $ 10-15 $ \mu $ G .
+3	If this is the case , our result is a test of the gravitational properties of quantum fluctuations .	We examine the gravitational properties of Lamb shift energies .	Using available experimental data we show that these energies have a standard gravitational behavior at the level of $ \sim 10^ { -5 } $ .	We are motivated by the point of view that Lamb shift energies may be interpreted as a consequence of vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field .	The result is of interest in relation to the problem of the zero-point energy contribution to the cosmological constant .
+0	We study resonant CP violation in the Higgsstrahlung process e^+e^- - & gt ; H_ { 1,2,3 } ( Z - & gt ; e^+e^- , \mu^+\mu^- ) and subsequent decays H_ { 1,2,3 } - & gt ; b \bar { b } , \tau^-\tau^+ , in the MSSM with Higgs-sector CP violation induced by radiative corrections .	At a high-energy e^+e^- linear collider , the recoil-mass method enables one to determine the invariant mass of a fermion pair produced by Higgs decays with a precision as good as 1 GeV .	Assuming an integrated luminosity of 100/fb , we show that the production lineshape of a coupled system of neutral Higgs bosons decaying into b\bar { b } quarks is sensitive to the CP-violating parameters .	When the Higgs bosons decay into \tau^-\tau^+ , two CP asymmetries can be defined using the longitudinal and transverse polarizations of the tau leptons .	Taking into account the constraints from electric dipole moments , we find that these CP asymmetries can be as large as 80 % , in a tri-mixing scenario where all three neutral Higgs states of the MSSM are nearly degenerate and mix significantly .
+2	Measured fluxes from significantly detected sources and flux upper limits for the remaining galaxies are used to explore the physics of cosmic rays in galaxies .	Recent detections of the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253 by gamma-ray telescopes suggest that galaxies rapidly forming massive stars are more luminous at gamma-ray energies compared to their quiescent relatives .	Building upon those results , we examine a sample of 69 dwarf , spiral , and luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies at photon energies 0.1-100 GeV using 3 years of data collected by the Large Area Telescope ( LAT ) on the \textit { Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope } ( \textit { Fermi } ) .	We find further evidence for quasi-linear scaling relations between gamma-ray luminosity and both radio continuum luminosity and total infrared luminosity which apply both to quiescent galaxies of the Local Group and low-redshift starburst galaxies ( conservative $ P $ -values $ \lesssim0.05 $ accounting for statistical and systematic uncertainties ) .	The normalizations of these scaling relations correspond to luminosity ratios of $ \log ( L_ { 0.1-100 \rm { GeV } } /L_ { 1.4 \rm { GHz } } ) = 1.7 \pm 0.1_ { \rm ( statistical ) } \pm 0.2_ { \rm ( dispersion ) } $ and $ \log ( L_ { 0.1-100 \rm { GeV } } /L_ { 8-1000 \mu\rm { m } } ) = -4.3 \pm 0.1_ { \rm ( statistical ) } \pm 0.2_ { \rm ( dispersion ) } $ for a galaxy with a star formation rate of 1 $ M_ { \odot } $ yr $ ^ { -1 } $ , assuming a Chabrier initial mass function .
+2	Among other things , AFBA unifies , extends and sheds light on the connections between many seemingly unrelated primal-dual algorithms for solving structured convex optimization problems , proposed in the recent years .	In this work we propose a new splitting technique , namely Asymmetric Forward-Backward-Adjoint Splitting ( AFBA ) , for solving monotone inclusions involving three terms , a maximally monotone , a cocoercive and a bounded linear operator .	Classical operator splitting methods , like Douglas-Rachford ( DRS ) and Forward-Backward splitting ( FBS ) are special cases of our new algorithm .	More importantly AFBA greatly extends the scope and the applicability of splitting techniques to a wider variety of problems .	One important special case leads to a generalization of the classical ADMM for problems with three ( instead of two ) blocks of variables .
+4	Our experimental results show that the wavelet matrix outperforms all the wavelet tree variants along the space/time tradeoff map .	The { \em wavelet tree } is a flexible data structure that permits representing sequences $ S [ 1 , n ] $ of symbols over an alphabet of size $ \sigma $ , within compressed space and supporting a wide range of operations on $ S $ .	When $ \sigma $ is significant compared to $ n $ , current wavelet tree representations incur in noticeable space or time overheads .	In this article we introduce the { \em wavelet matrix } , an alternative representation for large alphabets that retains all the properties of wavelet trees but is significantly faster .	We also show how the wavelet matrix can be compressed up to the zero-order entropy of the sequence without sacrificing , and actually improving , its time performance .
+0	Let $ \scriptstyle K $ be a number field and $ \scriptstyle X_1 $ and $ \scriptstyle X_2 $ two smooth projective curves defined over it .	In this paper we prove an analogue of the Dyson Theorem for the product $ \scriptstyle X_1 \times X_2 $ .	If $ \scriptstyle X_i = { \bb P } _1 $ we find the classical Dyson theorem .	In general , it will imply a self contained and easy proof of Siegel theorem on integral points on hyperbolic curves and it will give some insight on effectiveness .	This proof is new and avoids the use of Roth and Mordell-Weil theorems , the theory of Linear Forms in Logarithms and the Schmidt subspace theorem .
+3	As distinct from the usual dark state of a five-level system ( corresponding to zero eigenvalue ) , which is a superposition of three states , in our case the superposition of four states does work .	We consider adiabatic interaction of five-level atomic systems and their media with four short laser pulses under the condition of all two-photon detunings being zero .	We derive analytical expressions for eigenvalues of the system 's Hamiltonian and determine conditions of adiabaticity for both the atom and the medium .	We analyse , in detail , the system 's behaviour when the eigenvalue with non-vanishing energy is realized .	This seemingly unfavourable case is nevertheless demonstrated to imitate completely a three-level system not only for a single atom but also in the medium , since the propagation equations are also split into those for three- and two-level media separately .
+4	The estimated cross section is rather small , for $ \sqrt s = 3 $ GeV it ranges from a fraction of femtobarn ( for the asymptotic DA ) to couple of femtobarn ( for the Chernyak-Zhitnitsky DA ) .	We derive the amplitude for the process $ e^+e^-\to \pi^0\pi^0 $ at large invariant energy .	The process goes through the two-photon exchange and its amplitude is expressed in terms of the convolution integral which depends on the shape of the pion distribution amplitude ( DA ) and the centre of mass scattering angle .	Remarkable feature of the integral is that it is very sensitive to the end-point behaviour of the pion DA -- it starts to diverge if pion DA nullifies at the end-point as $ \sqrt x $ or slower .	That makes the $ e^+e^-\to \pi^0\pi^0 $ process unique probe of the shape of the meson DAs .
+1	It allows in particular to avoid actual failures by ( re ) scheduling maintenance operations in a way that optimizes maintenance costs .	Detecting early signs of failures ( anomalies ) in complex systems is one of the main goal of preventive maintenance .	Aircraft engine health monitoring is one representative example of a field in which anomaly detection is crucial .	Manufacturers collect large amount of engine related data during flights which are used , among other applications , to detect anomalies .	This article introduces and studies a generic methodology that allows one to build automatic early signs of anomaly detection in a way that builds upon human expertise and that remains understandable by human operators who make the final maintenance decision .
+4	Such combination will allow us to observe half-quantum vortices and monopoles in several realistic geometries .	Two exotic objects are still not identified experimentally in chiral superfluids and superconductors .	These are the half-quantum vortex , which plays the part of the Alice string in relativistic theories , and the hedgehog in the l-field , which is the counterpart of the Dirac magnetic monopole .	These two objects of different dimensionality are topologically connected .	They form the combined object which is called nexus in relativistic theories ( hep-th/9911125 ) .
+2	The recommended rate and its associated uncertainties are also included .	STARLIB is a next-generation , all-purpose nuclear reaction-rate library .	For the first time , this library provides the rate probability density at all temperature grid points for convenient implementation in models of stellar phenomena .	Currently , uncertainties are absent from all other rate libraries , and , although estimates have been attempted in previous evaluations and compilations , these are generally not based on rigorous statistical definitions .	A common standard for deriving uncertainties is clearly warranted .
+0	One of the major challenges in neuroscience is to determine how noise that is present at the molecular and cellular levels affects dynamics and information processing at the macroscopic level of synaptically coupled neuronal populations .	Often noise is incorprated into deterministic network models using extrinsic noise sources .	An alternative approach is to assume that noise arises intrinsically as a collective population effect , which has led to a master equation formulation of stochastic neural networks .	In this paper we extend the master equation formulation by introducing a stochastic model of neural population dynamics in the form of a velocity jump Markov process .	The latter has the advantage of keeping track of synaptic processing as well as spiking activity , and reduces to the neural master equation in a particular limit .
+4	Subsequently , the Eu : Lu2O3 nanoparticles were placed on top of a thin film consisting of silver nanoparticles and combined with silver nanoparticles and dispersed in a polymer matrix .	Europium-doped lutetium-oxide ( Eu : Lu2O3 ) nanoparticles were synthesized using a combustion technique and a co-precipitation technique , and their properties were compared .	Surface-modification utilizing small silane molecules and long chain polymers were explored to de-agglomerate and disperse the particles .	Structural , morphological and optical properties were characterized with x-ray diffraction , scanning and transmission electron microscopy , and laser spectroscopy respectively to evaluate these materials .	The luminescent behaviors were compared between the pristine and modified Eu : Lu2O3 nanoparticles to study the influence of surface ligands on emission properties .
+1	Let G be the random maximal H-free graph obtained at the end of the process .	The H-free process , for some fixed graph H , is the random graph process defined by starting with an empty graph on n vertices and then adding edges one at a time , chosen uniformly at random subject to the constraint that no H subgraph is formed .	When H is strictly 2-balanced , we show that for some c & gt ; 0 , with high probability as $ n \to \infty $ , the minimum degree in G is at least $ cn^ { 1- ( v_H-2 ) / ( e_H-1 ) } ( \log n ) ^ { 1/ ( e_H-1 ) } $ .	This gives new lower bounds for the Tur\'an numbers of certain bipartite graphs , such as the complete bipartite graphs $ K_ { r , r } $ with $ r \ge 5 $ .	When H is a complete graph $ K_s $ with $ s \ge 5 $ we show that for some C & gt ; 0 , with high probability the independence number of G is at most $ Cn^ { 2/ ( s+1 ) } ( \log n ) ^ { 1-1/ ( e_H-1 ) } $ .
+3	We find that this is a marginally viable interpretation , but only if the X-ray burst and afterglow emission and the possible optical/UV flash do not destroy the dust responsible for absorption in the optical band .	While all but one Gamma-Ray Bursts observed in the X-ray band showed an X-ray afterglow , about 60 per cent of them have not been detected in the optical band .	We show that this is not due to adverse observing conditions .	We then investigate the hypothesis that the failure of detecting the optical afterglow is due to absorption at the source location .	If dust is efficiently destroyed , we are led to conclude that bursts with no detected optical afterglow are intrinsically different .
+1	Openness and portability have been the main design objectives for PacMap .	This paper discusses the implementation of the pervasive game PacMap .	We elaborate on programming techniques which may be applicable to a broad range of location-based games that involve the movement of virtual characters over map interfaces .	In particular , we present techniques to execute shortest path algorithms on spatial environments bypassing the restrictions imposed by commercial mapping services .	Last , we present ways to improve the movement and enhance the intelligence of virtual characters taking into consideration the actions and position of players in location-based games .
+3	AA Tau clearly shows cyclic variations coupled with the rotation of the system .	We have simultaneously monitored the photometric and polarimetric variations of the Classical T Tauri star AA Tau during the fall of 2002 .	We combine these data with previously published polarimetric data covering two earlier epochs .	The phase coverage is complete , although not contiguous .	The star-disk system produces a repeatable polarisation curve where the polarisation increases with decreasing brightness .
+2	Small deviations from the sudden approximation are readily calculated .	We investigate higher order effects in electromagnetic dissociation of neutron halo nuclei using a simple and realistic zero range model for the neutron-core interaction .	In the sudden ( or Glauber ) approximation all orders in the target-core interaction are taken into account .	We obtain very simple analytical results for the next-to-leading order effects , which have a simple physical interpretation .	For intermediate energy electromagnetic dissociation , higher order effects are generally small .
+4	We present offline and online solutions for this problem by exploiting the spatial and temporal information of VMs where VM scheduling is done by jointly consider the combinations and the life-cycle overlapping of the VMs .	Virtual machine ( VM ) scheduling is an important technique to efficiently operate the computing resources in a data center .	Previous work has mainly focused on consolidating VMs to improve resource utilization and thus to optimize energy consumption .	However , the interference between collocated VMs is usually ignored , which can result in very worse performance degradation to the applications running in those VMs due to the contention of the shared resources .	Based on this observation , we aim at designing efficient VM assignment and scheduling strategies where we consider optimizing both the operational cost of the data center and the performance degradation of running applications and then , we propose a general model which captures the inherent tradeoff between the two contradictory objectives .
+1	Magnetization and quadrupole moment plateaus are observed for the antiferromagnetic couplings .	Thermal entanglement , magnetic and quadrupole moments properties of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg model on a diamond chain are considered .	Thermal negativity as a measure of quantum entanglement of the mixed spin system is calculated .	Different behavior for the negativity is obtained for the various values of Heisenberg dipolar and quadrupole couplings .	The intermediate plateau of the negativity has been observed at absence of the single-ion anisotropy and quadrupole interaction term .
+1	Nonetheless , here we show that , in many regimes , the first substitution is most often deleterious , even when fitness is expected to increase in the long term .	Studies on the genetics of adaptation typically neglect the possibility that a deleterious mutation might fix .	In particular , we prove that this phenomenon occurs under weak mutation for any house-of-cards model with an equilibrium distribution .	We find that the same qualitative results hold under Fisher 's geometric model .	We also provide a simple intuition for the surprising prevalence of unconditionally deleterious substitutions during early adaptation .
+0	There has recently been interest in relating properties of matrices drawn at random from the classical compact groups to statistical characteristics of number-theoretical L-functions .	One example is the relationship conjectured to hold between the value distributions of the characteristic polynomials of such matrices and value distributions within families of L-functions .	These connections are here extended to non-classical groups .	We focus on an explicit example : the exceptional Lie group G_2 .	The value distributions for characteristic polynomials associated with the 7- and 14-dimensional representations of G_2 , defined with respect to the uniform invariant ( Haar ) measure , are calculated using two of the Macdonald constant term identities .
+2	The difficulty in the numerical evaluation is due to integration over infinite interval of the function containing two differently oscillating factors and the presence of stationary points .	Green 's function of the problem describing steady forward motion of bodies in an open ocean in the framework of the linear surface wave theory ( the function is often referred to as Kelvin 's wave source potential ) is considered .	Methods for numerical evaluation of the so-called `single integral ' ( or , in other words , `wavelike ' ) term , dominating in the representation of Green 's function in the far field , are developed .	This work suggests two methods to approximate the integral and its derivatives .	First of the methods is based on the idea suggested by D.Levin in 1982 -- - evaluation of the integral is converted to finding a particular slowly oscillating solution of an ordinary differential equation .
+0	We consider a decaying magnetic dark matter explaining the X-ray line at 3.55 keV shown recently from XMM-Newton observations .	We introduce two singlet Majorana fermions that have almost degenerate masses and fermion-portal couplings with a charged scalar of weak scale mass .	In our model , an approximate Z_2 symmetry gives rise to a tiny transition magnetic moment between the Majorana fermions at one loop .	The heavier Majorana fermion becomes a thermal dark matter due to the sizable fermion-portal coupling to the SM charged fermions .	We find the parameter space for the masses of dark matter and charged scalar and their couplings , being consistent with both the relic density and the X-ray line .
+3	It is , however , this intervention that destroys the interference .	The generally accepted view in quantum theory is that information about which way the quantum system traveled and interference visibility are complementary .	In all which-way experiments , however , an intervention takes place in the interference process in order to determine which way the quantum system took .	This intervention can imply the tagging of a which-way marker to a quantum system or , for instance , blocking off one of the paths in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer so that one indirectly knows that the quantum system took the other ( open ) path .	In this paper a novel two-slit which-way interference experiment will be discussed and proposed for implementation that provides maximum which-way information without intervening in the interference process so that simultaneously maximum interference visibility remains preserved .
+2	The system becomes singular when the field takes a critical value , and , for $ g\neq2 $ , the only allowed motions are those which satisfy the Hall law .	Letting the mass depend on the spin-field coupling as $ M^2=m^2- ( eg/2c^2 ) F_ { \alpha\beta } S^ { \alpha\beta } $ , we propose a new set of relativistic planar equations of motion for spinning anyons .	Our model can accommodate any gyromagnetic ratio $ g $ and provides us with a novel version of the Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equations in 2+1 dimensions .	For each $ g\neq2,0 $ a secondary Hall effect arises also for another critical value of the field .	The non-relativistic limit of our equations yields new models which generalize our previous `` exotic '' model , associated with the two-fold central extension of the planar Galilei group .
+4	Using first-principles calculations we examine the particular case of a Fe/GaAs Schottky tunnel barrier and find very good agreement with experiment .	We present a theoretical model that describes electrical spin-detection at a ferromagnet/semiconductor interface .	We show that the sensitivity of the spin detector has strong bias dependence which , in the general case , is dramatically different from that of the tunneling current spin polarization .	We show that this bias dependence originates from two distinct physical mechanisms : 1 ) the bias dependence of tunneling current spin polarization , which is of microscopic origin and depends on the specific properties of the interface , and 2 ) the macroscopic electron spin transport properties in the semiconductor .	Numerical results show that the magnitude of the voltage signal can be tuned over a wide range from the second effect which suggests a universal method for enhancing electrical spin-detection sensitivity in ferromagnet/semiconductor tunnel contacts .
+1	We show how to derive the correct superpotential through Lagrangian methods , by applying a criterion proposed recently by one of us .	Straightforward application of the standard Noether method in supergravity theories yields an incorrect superpotential for local supersymmetry transformations , which gives only half of the correct supercharge .	We verify the equivalence with the Hamiltonian formalism .	It is also indicated why the first-order and second-order formalisms lead to the same superpotential .	We rederive in particular the central extension by the magnetic charge of the $ { \cal N } _4 =2 $ algebra of SUGRA asymptotic charges .
+1	The B-DMFT is applicable for arbitrary values of the coupling parameters and temperature and becomes exact in the limit of high spatial dimensions d or coordination number Z of the lattice .	We formulate a bosonic dynamical mean-field theory ( B-DMFT ) which provides a comprehensive , thermodynamically consistent framework for the theoretical investigation of correlated lattice bosons .	In contrast to its fermionic counterpart the construction of the B-DMFT requires different scalings of the hopping amplitudes with Z depending on whether the bosons are in their normal state or in the Bose-Einstein condensate .	A detailed discussion of how this conceptual problem can be overcome by performing the scaling in the action rather than in the Hamiltonian itself is presented .	The B-DMFT treats normal and condensed bosons on equal footing and thus includes the effects caused by their dynamic coupling .
+2	By analysing a system of ODE related to ( but more complicated than ) a dyadic Navier-Stokes model of Katz and Pavlovic , we construct an example of a smooth solution to such a averaged Navier-Stokes equation which blows up in finite time .	The Navier-Stokes equation on the Euclidean space $ \mathbf { R } ^3 $ can be expressed in the form $ \partial_t u = \Delta u + B ( u , u ) $ , where $ B $ is a certain bilinear operator on divergence-free vector fields $ u $ obeying the cancellation property $ \langle B ( u , u ) , u\rangle=0 $ ( which is equivalent to the energy identity for the Navier-Stokes equation ) .	In this paper , we consider a modification $ \partial_t u = \Delta u + \tilde B ( u , u ) $ of this equation , where $ \tilde B $ is an averaged version of the bilinear operator $ B $ ( where the average involves rotations and Fourier multipliers of order zero ) , and which also obeys the cancellation condition $ \langle \tilde B ( u , u ) , u \rangle = 0 $ ( so that it obeys the usual energy identity ) .	This demonstrates that any attempt to positively resolve the Navier-Stokes global regularity problem in three dimensions has to use finer structure on the nonlinear portion $ B ( u , u ) $ of the equation than is provided by harmonic analysis estimates and the energy identity .	We also propose a program for adapting these blowup results to the true Navier-Stokes equations .
+0	Merger processes play an important role in galaxy formation and evolution .	To study the influence of merger processes on the evolution of dust properties and cosmic star formation rate , we investigate a local sample of major merger galaxies and a control sample of isolated galaxies using GALEX ultraviolet ( UV ) and Spitzer infrared ( IR ) images .	Through a statistical study , we find that dust attenuation in merger galaxies is enhanced with respect to isolated galaxies .	We find this enhancement is contributed mainly by spiral galaxies in spiral-spiral ( S-S ) pairs , and increases with the increasing stellar mass of a galaxy .	Combining the IR and UV parts of star formation rates ( SFRs ) , we then calculated the total SFRs and specific star formation rates ( SSFRs ) .
+4	As corollaries , we obtain a sharp reverse H\ '' older inequality for strong Muckenhoupt weights in $ \mathbb R^n $ as well as a quantitative imbedding of $ A_\infty^* $ into $ A_ { p } ^* $ .	Let $ \mathsf M_ { \mathsf S } $ denote the strong maximal operator on $ \mathbb R^n $ and let $ w $ be a non-negative , locally integrable function .	For $ \alpha\in ( 0,1 ) $ we define the weighted sharp Tauberian constant $ \mathsf C_ { \mathsf S } $ associated with $ \mathsf M_ { \mathsf S } $ by $ $ \mathsf C_ { \mathsf S } ( \alpha ) : = \sup_ { \substack { E\subset \mathbb R^n \\ 0 & lt ; w ( E ) & lt ; +\infty } } \frac { 1 } { w ( E ) } w ( \ { x\in\mathbb R^n : \ , \mathsf M_ { \mathsf S } ( \mathbf { 1 } _E ) ( x ) & gt ; \alpha\ } ) .	$ $ We show that $ \lim_ { \alpha\to 1^- } \mathsf C_ { \mathsf S } ( \alpha ) =1 $ if and only if $ w\in A_\infty ^* $ , that is if and only if $ w $ is a strong Muckenhoupt weight .	This is quantified by the estimate $ \mathsf C_ { \mathsf S } ( \alpha ) -1\lesssim_ { n } ( 1-\alpha ) ^ { ( cn [ w ] _ { A_\infty ^* } ) ^ { -1 } } $ as $ \alpha\to 1^- $ , where $ c & gt ; 0 $ is a numerical constant ; this estimate is sharp in the sense that the exponent $ 1/ ( cn [ w ] _ { A_\infty ^* } ) $ can not be improved in terms of $ [ w ] _ { A_\infty ^* } $ .
+0	Consider additive functionals of a Markov chain $ W_k $ , with stationary ( marginal ) distribution and transition function denoted by $ \pi $ and $ Q $ , say $ S_n=g ( W_1 ) + ... +g ( W_n ) $ , where $ g $ is square integrable and has mean 0 with respect to $ \pi $ .	If $ S_n $ has the form $ S_n=M_n+R_n $ , where $ M_n $ is a square integrable martingale with stationary increments and $ E ( R_n^2 ) =o ( n ) $ , then $ g $ is said to admit a martingale approximation .	Necessary and sufficient conditions for such an approximation are developed .	Two obvious necessary conditions are $ E [ E ( S_n|W_1 ) ^2 ] =o ( n ) $ and $ \lim_ { n\to \infty } E ( S_n^2 ) /n & lt ; \infty $ .	Assuming the first of these , let $ \Vert g\Vert^2_+=\limsup_ { n\to \infty } E ( S_n^2 ) /n $ ; then $ \Vert\cdot\Vert_+ $ defines a pseudo norm on the subspace of $ L^2 ( \pi ) $ where it is finite .
+2	Specifically , we find that for an image patch , activations extracted from the first fully-connected layer of CNNs have two appealing properties which enable its seamless integration with pattern mining .	Mid-level visual element discovery aims to find clusters of image patches that are both representative and discriminative .	In this work , we study this problem from the prospective of pattern mining while relying on the recently popularized Convolutional Neural Networks ( CNNs ) .	Patterns are then discovered from a large number of CNN activations of image patches through the well-known association rule mining .	When we retrieve and visualize image patches with the same pattern , surprisingly , they are not only visually similar but also semantically consistent .
+3	\textbf { 91 } , 262001 ( 2003 ) [ arXiv : hep-ex/0309032 ] ] and in December 2007 a state Y ( 10890 ) was reported [ K. F. Chen \textit { et.al . }	We study the spectroscopy of the states which defy conventional $ c\bar { c } $ charmonium and $ b\bar { b } $ bottomonium interpretation respectively , and are termed as exotic states .	In August 2003 a state X ( 3872 ) , was discovered [ K. Abe\textit { \ et al . }	( Belle Collaboration ) , Phys.Rev.Lett .	[ Belle Collaboration ] , Phys.Rev.Lett .
+2	While the available optimality results for the BPX norm have been constructed primarily in the setting of uniformly refined meshes , a notable exception is the local 2D red-green result due to Dahmen and Kunoth .	In this article , we establish optimality of the Bramble-Pasciak-Xu ( BPX ) norm equivalence and optimality of the wavelet modified ( or stabilized ) hierarchical basis ( WHB ) preconditioner in the setting of local 3D mesh refinement .	In the analysis of WHB methods , a critical first step is to establish the optimality of BPX norm equivalence for the refinement procedures under consideration .	The purpose of this article is to extend this original 2D optimality result to the local 3D red-green refinement procedure introduced by Bornemann-Erdmann-Kornhuber ( BEK ) , and then to use this result to extend the WHB optimality results from the quasiuniform setting to local 2D and 3D red-green refinement scenarios .	The BPX extension is reduced to establishing that locally enriched finite element subspaces allow for the construction of a scaled basis which is formally Riesz stable .
+0	For a rational number $ r & gt ; 1 $ , a set $ A $ of positive integers is called an $ r $ -multiple-free set if $ A $ does not contain any solution of the equation $ rx = y $ .	The extremal problem on estimating the maximum possible size of $ r $ -multiple-free sets contained in $ [ n ] : = { 1,2 , ... , n } $ has been studied for its own interest in combinatorial number theory and application to coding theory .	Let $ a $ , $ b $ be positive integers such that $ a & lt ; b $ and the greatest common divisor of $ a $ and $ b $ is 1 .	Wakeham and Wood showed that the maximum size of $ ( b/a ) $ -multiple-free sets contained in $ [ n ] $ is $ \frac { b } { b+1 } n+O ( \log n ) $ .	In this paper we generalize this result as follows .
+4	This follows as a corollary to ( local ) minimax lower bounds on the performance of estimators for the distribution ; performance is here measured by the probability that the estimation error exceeds a given threshold .	We consider the problem of estimating the unconditional distribution of a post-model-selection estimator .	The notion of a post-model-selection estimator here refers to the combined procedure resulting from first selecting a model ( e.g. , by a model selection criterion like AIC or by a hypothesis testing procedure ) and then estimating the parameters in the selected model ( e.g. , by least-squares or maximum likelihood ) , all based on the same data set .	We show that it is impossible to estimate the unconditional distribution with reasonable accuracy even asymptotically .	In particular , we show that no estimator for this distribution can be uniformly consistent ( not even locally ) .
+2	We use SSW in IDL to derive the time series of 14 XBPs and 2 background regions .	Our aim is to investigate the intensity oscillations in coronal X-ray Bright Points ( XBPs ) .	We analysed a 7-hours long time sequence of the soft X-ray images obtained on April 14 , 2007 with 2-min cadence using X-Ray Telescope ( XRT ) on-board the Hinode mission .	For the first time , we have tried to use power spectrum analysis on XBPs data to determine the periods of intensity oscillations .	coronal X-ray Bright Points ( XBPs ) .
+0	The behavior of fermions in the presence of Lorentz and CPT violation is studied .	Allowing for operators of any mass dimension , we classify all Lorentz-violating terms in the quadratic Lagrange density for free fermions .	The result is adapted to obtain the effective hamiltonian describing the propagation and mixing of three flavors of left-handed neutrinos in the presence of Lorentz violation involving operators of arbitrary mass dimension .	A characterization of the neutrino coefficients for Lorentz violation is provided via a decomposition using spin-weighted spherical harmonics .	The restriction of the general theory to various special cases is discussed , including among others the renormalizable limit , the massless scenario , flavor-blind and oscillation-free models , the diagonalizable case , and several isotropic limits .
+4	Our evaluation of the energy-weighted integrals is in good agreement for the proton but shows big discrepancies for the neutron .	Results of the recently developed unitary isobar model ( MAID ) are presented for the spin asymmetries , structure functions and relevant sum rules in the resonance region .	The model describes the presently available data for single-pion photo- and electroproduction in the resonance region below Wcm = 2 GeV very well .	It is based on Born terms and resonance contributions , and the respective multipoles are constructed in a gauge-invariant and unitary way for each partial wave .	The eta production is included in a similar way , while the contribution of more-pion and higher channels is modeled by comparison with the total cross sections and simple phenomenological assumptions .
+4	Our power spectrum interpolator is accurate over the entire parameter space .	We investigate the interpolation of power spectra of matter fluctuations using Artificial Neural Network ( PkANN ) .	We present a new approach to confront small-scale non-linearities in the power spectrum of matter fluctuations .	This ever-present and pernicious uncertainty is often the Achilles ' heel in cosmological studies and must be reduced if we are to see the advent of precision cosmology in the late-time Universe .	We show that an optimally trained artificial neural network ( ANN ) , when presented with a set of cosmological parameters ( Omega_m h^2 , Omega_b h^2 , n_s , w_0 , sigma_8 , m_nu and redshift z ) , can provide a worst-case error & lt ; =1 per cent ( for z & lt ; =2 ) fit to the non-linear matter power spectrum deduced through N-body simulations , for modes up to k & lt ; =0.7 h/Mpc .
+1	LISA should observe between a few tens and a few hundred EMRIs over the mission lifetime , mostly at low redshifts ( z & lt ; 1 ) .	One of the most exciting potential sources of gravitational waves for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ( LISA ) are the inspirals of approximately solar mass compact objects into massive black holes in the centres of galaxies - extreme mass ratio inspirals ( EMRIs ) .	Each observation will provide a measurement of the parameters of the host system to unprecendented precision .	LISA EMRI observations will thus offer a new and unique way to probe black holes at low redshift .	In this article we provide a description of the population of EMRI events that LISA is likely to observe , and describe how the numbers of events vary with changes in the underlying assumptions about the black hole population .
+1	and Geballe et al. , and defined following the precepts of the MK Process .	A revised near infrared classification scheme for T dwarfs is presented , based on and superseding prior schemes developed by Burgasser et al .	Drawing from two large spectroscopic libraries of T dwarfs identified largely in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Two Micron All Sky Survey , nine primary spectral standards and five alternate standards spanning spectral types T0 to T8 are identified that match criteria of spectral character , brightness , absence of a resolved companion and accessibility from both northern and southern hemispheres .	The classification of T dwarfs is formally made by the direct comparison of near infrared spectral data of equivalent resolution to the spectra of these standards .	Alternately , we have redefined five key spectral indices measuring the strengths of the major H $ _2 $ O and CH $ _4 $ bands in the 1-2.5 micron region that may be used as a proxy to direct spectral comparison .
+1	We find that the field reduces the phase stiffness and leads to strong quantum phase fluctuations driving the system into an insulating behavior .	We study theoretically orbital effects of a parallel magnetic field applied to a disordered superconducting film .	This microscopic model shows that the critical field decreases with the sheet resistance , in agreement with recent experimental results .	The predictions of this model can be used to discriminate spin and orbital effects .	We find that experiments conducted by A. Johansson \textit { et al . }
+0	The thalamus is the major gate to the cortex and its control over cortical responses is well established .	Cortical feedback to the thalamus is , in turn , the anatomically dominant input to relay cells , yet its influence on thalamic processing has been difficult to interpret .	For an understanding of complex sensory processing , detailed concepts of the corticothalamic interplay need yet to be established .	Drawing on various physiological and anatomical data , we elaborate the novel hypothesis that the visual cortex controls the spatiotemporal structure of cortical receptive fields via feedback to the lateral geniculate nucleus .	Furthermore , we present and analyze a model of corticogeniculate loops that implements this control , and exhibit its ability of object segmentation by statistical motion analysis in the visual field .
+1	A 84 , 033813 ( 2011 ) ] indicated and numerically verified the generation of the helical wavefront of optical beams using a conical-shape reflector .	In a recent paper , Mansuripur et al . [ Phys.Rev .	Because the optical reflection is largely free from chromatic aberrations , the conical reflector has an advantage of being able to manipulate the helical wavefront with broadband light such as white light or short light pulses .	In this study , we introduce geometrical understanding of the function of the conical reflector using the spatially-dependent geometric phase , or more specifically , the spin redirection phase .	We also present a theoretical analysis based on three-dimensional matrix calculus and elucidate relationships of the spin , orbital , and total angular momenta between input and output beams .
+1	The target space-time is two-dimensional .	The existence of a new kind of massive boson-fermion symmetry is shown explicitly in the framework of the heterotic , type II and type II orientifold superstring theories .	Higher dimensional models are defined via large marginal deformations of JxJ-type .	The spectrum of the initial undeformed two dimensional vacuum consists of massless boson degrees of freedom , while all massive boson and fermion degrees of freedom exhibit a new Massive Spectrum Degeneracy Symmetry ( MSDS ) .	This precise property , distinguishes the MSDS theories from the well known supersymmetric SUSY-theories .
+4	This scheme allows the optimal transmission of the two nonlocal optimal clones of an entangled state to two pairs of spatially separated receivers .	We propose a scheme for broadcasting entanglement at a distance based on linear optics .	We show that an initial polarization entangled state can be simultaneously split and transmitted to a pair of observers situated at different locations with the help of two conditional Bell-state analyzers based on two beam splitters characterized by the same reflectivity R. In particular for R=1/3 the final states coincide with the output states obtained by the broadcasting protocol proposed by Buzek et al . [ Phys.Rev .	A 55 , 3327 ( 1997 ) ] .	Further we present a different protocol called telecloning of entanglement , which combines the many-to-many teleportation and nonlocal optimal asymmetric cloning of an arbitrary entangled state .
+3	This , along with the utilization of successive interference cancellation , reduces the coding and decoding tasks to those of coding and decoding over the single-antenna additive white Gaussian noise channel .	Multicast is the general method of conveying the same information to multiple users over a broadcast channel .	In this work , the Gaussian multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channel is considered , with multiple receive nodes , each equipped with an arbitrary number of antennas .	A `` closed loop '' scenario is assumed , for which a practical multicast scheme is constructed which approaches capacity , by applying judiciously chosen unitary operations at the transmit and receives nodes that triangularize the channel matrices such that the resulting matrices have equal diagonals .	Over the resulting effective channel , any `` off-the-shelf '' code may be employed .
+3	However , by using the computationally efficient and numerically stable PaRIS algorithm for estimating smoothed expectations of time-averaged sufficient statistics of the model we obtain a fast algorithm with very limited memory requirements and a computational complexity that grows only linearly with the number of particles .	Estimating the parameters of general state-space models is a topic of importance for many scientific and engineering disciplines .	In this paper we present an online parameter estimation algorithm obtained by casting our recently proposed particle-based , rapid incremental smoother ( PaRIS ) into the framework of online expectation-maximization ( EM ) for state-space models proposed by Capp\'e ( 2011 ) .	Previous such particle-based implementations of online EM suffer typically from either the well-known degeneracy of the genealogical particle paths or a quadratic complexity in the number of particles .	The efficiency of the algorithm is illustrated in a simulation study .
+0	We consider the problem of finding all enclosing rectangles of minimum area that can contain a given set of rectangles without overlap .	Our rectangle packer chooses the x-coordinates of all the rectangles before any of the y-coordinates .	We then transform the problem into a perfect-packing problem with no empty space by adding additional rectangles .	To determine the y-coordinates , we branch on the different rectangles that can be placed in each empty position .	Our packer allows us to extend the known solutions for a consecutive-square benchmark from 27 to 32 squares .
+3	A value of $ p_c=0.222\pm 0.005 $ is obtained .	Large numbers of ground states of the three-dimensional $ \pm J $ random-bond Ising model are calculated for sizes up to $ 14^3 $ using a combination of a genetic algorithm and Cluster-Exact Approximation .	Several quantities are calculated as function of the concentration $ p $ of the antiferromagnetic bonds .	The critical concentration where the ferromagnetic order disappears is determined using the Binder cumulant of the magnetization .	From the finite-size behavior of the Binder cumulant and the magnetization critical exponents $ \nu=1.1 \pm 0.3 $ and $ \beta=0.2 \pm 0.1 $ are calculated .
+2	The corresponding results in the fundamental representation appear in our longer publication [ arXiv:0709.4368 ] .	This work presents the calculation of the relation between the bare coupling constant g_0 and the MSbar-renormalized coupling g_MS , g_0 = Z_g ( g_0 , a\mu ) g_MS , to 2 loops in perturbation theory , with fermions in an arbitrary representation of the gauge group SU ( N ) .	Our calculation is performed using overlap fermions and Wilson gluons , and the background field technique has been chosen for convenience .	The 3-loop coefficient of the bare beta-function , b_2^L , is extracted using the 2-loop expression for Z_g , and it is presented as a function of the overlap parameter rho , the number of fermion flavors ( N_f ) and the number of colors ( N ) .	We also provide the expression for the ratio Lambda_L/Lambda_MS , in an arbitrary representation .
+3	Such Lyman Limit systems are expected to trace out the cosmic web , and are relatively unexplored .	Observations of intergalactic neutral hydrogen can provide a wealth of information about structure and galaxy formation , potentially tracing accretion and feedback processes on Mpc scales .	Below a column density of NHI ~ 10^19 cm-2 , the `` edge '' or typical observational limit for HI emission from galaxies , simulations predict a cosmic web of extended emission and filamentary structures .	We study the distribution of neutral hydrogen and its 21cm emission properties in a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation , to gain more insights into the distribution of HI below NHI ~ 10^19 cm-2 .	Beginning with a 32 h^-1 Mpc simulation , we extract the neutral hydrogen component by determining the neutral fraction , including a post-processed correction for self-shielding based on the thermal pressure .
+3	We consider SIR and SIS propagation dynamics on a temporally-extruded network of observed interactions and measure the conditional marginal spread as the change in the magnitude of the infection given the removal of each agent at each time : its temporal knockout ( TKO ) score .	Identifying key agents for the transmission of diseases ( ideas , technology , etc . )	across social networks has predominantly relied on measures of centrality on a static base network or a temporally flattened graph of agent interactions .	Various measures have been proposed as the best trackers of influence , such as degree centrality , betweenness , and $ k $ -shell , depending on the structure of the connectivity .	We argue that the exhaustive approach of the TKO score makes it an effective benchmark measure for evaluating the accuracy of other , often more practical , measures of influence .
+3	As a consequence , we show that two embeddings of an oriented integral homology 3-sphere in the 6-sphere are isotopic if and only if they are homology bordant .	For smooth embeddings of an integral homology 3-sphere in the 6-sphere , we define an integer invariant in terms of their Seifert surfaces .	Our invariant gives a bijection between the set of smooth isotopy classes of such embeddings and the integers .	It also gives rise to a complete invariant for homology bordism classes of all embeddings of homology 3-spheres in the 6-sphere .	We also relate our invariant to the Rohlin invariant and accordingly characterise those embeddings which are compressible into the 5-sphere .
+0	During inflation explicit perturbative computations of quantum field theories which contain massless , non-conformal fields exhibit secular effects that grow as powers of the logarithm of the inflationary scale factor .	Starobinski\u { \i } 's technique of stochastic inflation not only reproduces the leading infrared logarithms at each order in perturbation theory , it can sometimes be summed to reveal what happens when inflation has proceeded so long that the large logarithms overwhelm even very small coupling constants .	It is thus a cosmological analogue of what the renormalization group does for the ultraviolet logarithms of quantum field theory , and generalizing this technique to quantum gravity is a problem of great importance .	There are two significant differences between gravity and the scalar models for which stochastic formulations have so far been given : derivative interactions and the presence of constrained fields .	We use explicit perturbative computations in two simple scalar models to infer a set of rules for stochastically formulating theories with these features .
+3	A generic stationary configuration of the monopoles can be interpreted as stable non BPS dyons , previously found as non-planar string webs connecting D3-branes .	We find the most general low energy dynamics of 1/2 BPS monopoles in the N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories ( SYM ) when all six adjoint Higgs expectation values are turned on .	When only one Higgs is turned on , the Lagrangian is purely kinetic .	When all six are turned on , however , this moduli space dynamics is augmented by five independent potential terms , each in the form of half the squared norm of a Killing vector field on the moduli space .	The supersymmetric extension is also found explicitly , and gives the complete quantum mechanics of monopoles in N=4 SYM theory .
+4	In the case of negligible dust extinction , the Ly-alpha luminosity indicates a star-formation rate of 19+/-10 solar masses per year consistent with that derived from the UV continuum flux from the parent galaxy .	This paper presents observations of an extended Lyman-alpha emission nebula surrounding the galaxy responsible for the Damped Lyman-alpha Absorption ( DLA ) line in the spectrum of the quasar Q2233+131 .	With the Potsdam Multi Aperture Spectrophotometer ( PMAS ) we measure the properties of the extended Ly-alpha emission in an area of 3 '' * 5 '' having a total line flux of ( 2.8+/-0.3 ) *10^ { -16 } erg cm-2 s-1 , which at redshift z=3.15 corresponds to a luminosity of ( 2.4 -0.2/+0.3 ) *10^ { 43 } erg s-1 and a size of 23 times 38 kpc .	The location of the emission is spatially coincident with the previously detected DLA galaxy , but extends significantly beyond its limb .	We argue that the Ly-alpha emission is likely to be caused by an outflow from the DLA galaxy , presumably powered by star formation .
+3	This calculus evolved in the research field of pure mathematics until 1920 , when applied science started to use it .	There are many resources useful for processing images , most of them freely available and quite friendly to use .	In spite of this abundance of tools , a study of the processing methods is still worthy of efforts .	Here , we want to discuss the possibilities arising from the use of fractional differential calculus .	Only recently , fractional calculus was involved in image processing methods .
+4	And the PHENIX Year-5 Cu+Cu measurements performed for the study of particle production in a lighter system and they can provide the system-size dependence of the suppression .	Measurements from the RHIC experiments show strong suppression of high-pT hadrons in central Au+Au collisions .	The PHENIX experiment has observed strong suppression of $ \pi^0 $ and charged hadron yields in central Au+Au collisions for pT & gt ; 5 GeV/c regardless of pT and particle species .	The observed suppression is interpreted in terms of energy loss of quarks in a high-density medium .	The PHENIX Year-4 Au+Au measurements have extended the pT reach of the $ \pi^0 $ spectra to 20 GeV/c .
+1	Quasi-elastic scattering , \Delta resonance production and deep inelastic scattering processes are studied .	We investigate the spin polarization of \tau^ { \pm } leptons produced in \nu_ { \tau } and \bar { \nu } _ { \tau } nucleon scattering via charged currents .	The polarization information is essential for measuring the \tau^ { \pm } appearance rate in long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments , because the decay particle distributions depend crucially on the \tau^ { \pm } spin .	In this article , we calculate the spin density matrix of each process and estimate the spin polarization vector in medium and high neutrino energy interactions .	We find that the produced \tau^ { \pm } 's have high degree of polarization , and their spin direction depends non-trivially on the energy and the scattering angle of \tau^ { \pm } in the laboratory frame .
+4	The relevance of these results to the full theory of General Relativity is briefly discussed .	The different forms of the Hamiltonian formulations of linearized General Relativity/spin-two theories are discussed in order to show their similarities and differences .	It is demonstrated that in the linear model , non-covariant modifications to the initial covariant Lagrangian ( similar to those modifications used in full gravity ) are in fact unnecessary .	The Hamiltonians and the constraints are different in these two formulations but the structure of the constraint algebra and the gauge invariance derived from it are the same .	It is shown that these equivalent Hamiltonian formulations are related to each other by a canonical transformation which is explicitly given .
+1	By way of a possible counter-argument , we focus on resolved companions ( optical pairs ) of hot subdwarf stars .	We discuss whether the hypothesis that `` all ( or most ) subdwarfs are in close binaries '' is supported by the frequently reported observations of photometrically or spectroscopically composite character of many hot subdwarf stars .	On a statistical basis , many of these are physically associated with the hot subdwarfs , i.e.are common proper motion pairs .	These resolved pairs make a several percent contribution to the catalog of hot subdwarf stars per decade in projected separation .	If they are just the relatively wide members of a binary population similar to the local G-dwarf binary population ( Duquennoy & amp ; Mayor 1991 ) , which has a very wide distribution of orbital separations , then many of the unresolved but composite hot subdwarf binaries may not be `` close '' in the astrophysical sense .
+2	We employ a galaxy-galaxy lensing halo model which allows us to constrain the halo mass and the satellite fraction .	We present a study of the relation between dark matter halo mass and the baryonic content of host galaxies , quantified via luminosity and stellar mass .	Our investigation uses 154 deg2 of Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey ( CFHTLenS ) lensing and photometric data , obtained from the CFHT Legacy Survey .	Our analysis is limited to lenses at redshifts between 0.2 and 0.4 .	We express the relationship between halo mass and baryonic observable as a power law .
+1	It is known that no cellular automaton rule with binary alphabet can solve the density classification problem .	The density classification problem is the computational problem of finding the majority in a given array of votes in a distributed fashion .	On the other hand , it was shown that a probabilistic mixture of the traffic rule and the majority rule solves the one-dimensional problem correctly with a probability arbitrarily close to one .	We investigate the possibility of a similar approach in two dimensions .	We show that in two dimensions , the particle spacing problem , which is solved in one dimension by the traffic rule , has no cellular automaton solution .
+0	Many of modern location-based services are often based on an area or place as opposed to an accurate determination of the precise location .	Geo-fencing approach is based on the observation that users move from one place to another and then stay at that place for a while .	These places can be , for example , commercial properties , homes , office centers and so on .	As per geo-fencing approach they could be described ( defined ) as some geographic areas bounded by polygons .	It assumes users simply move from fence to fence and stay inside fences for a while .
+3	111:3581 , 1999 ) .	We report a Molecular Dynamics study of homogenous bubble nucleation in a Lennard-Jones fluid .	The rate of bubble nucleation is estimated using forward-flux sampling ( FFS ) .	We find that cavitation starts with compact bubbles rather than with ramified structures as had been suggested by Shen and Debenedetti ( J. Chem.Phys .	Our estimate of the bubble-nucleation rate is higher than predicted on the basis of Classical Nucleation Theory ( CNT ) .
+2	For a sequence of circuits that have a full set of check nodes but do not necessarily directly instantiate a Tanner graph , this implies an $ \Omega\left ( n^ { 1.5 } \right ) $ scaling rule .	It is shown that in a sequence of randomly generated bipartite configurations with number of left nodes approaching infinity , the probability that a particular configuration in the sequence has a minimum bisection width proportional to the number of vertices in the configuration approaches $ 1 $ so long as a sufficient condition on the node degree distribution is satisfied .	This graph theory result implies an almost sure $ \Omega\left ( n^ { 2 } \right ) $ scaling rule for the energy of capacity-approaching LDPC decoder circuits that directly instantiate their Tanner Graphs and are generated according to a uniform configuration model , where $ n $ is the block length of the code .	In another theorem , it is shown that all ( as opposed to almost all ) capacity-approaching LDPC decoding circuits that directly implement their Tanner graphs must have energy that scales as $ \Omega\left ( n\left ( \log n\right ) ^ { 2 } \right ) $ .	These results further imply scaling rules for the energy of LDPC decoder circuits as a function of gap to capacity .
+4	This set of SEDs is vailable upon request from the authors .	Subdwarf B stars ( sdBs ) can significantly change the ultraviolet spectra of populations at age t~1Gyr , and have been even included in the volutionary population synthesis ( EPS ) models by Han et al . ( 2007 ) .	In this study we present the spectral energy distributions ( SEDs ) of binary stellar populations ( BSPs ) by combining the EPS models of Han et al .	( 2007 ) and those of the Yunnan group ( Zhang et al .	2004 , 005 ) , which have included various binary interactions ( except sdBs ) in EPS models .
+4	The structural stability of catastrophes provides inherent robustness against variations in the system 's dynamics and initial conditions , making them suitable for manipulation of atoms under imperfect conditions and limited controllability .	We experimentally demonstrate first-order ( fold ) and second-order ( cusp ) catastrophes in the density of an atomic cloud reflected from an optical barrier in the presence of gravity , and show their corresponding universal asymptotic behavior .	The cusp point enables robust , field-free refocusing of an expanding atomic cloud with a wide velocity distribution .	Specifically , the density attained at the cusp point in our experiment reached 65 % of the peak density of the atoms in the trap prior to their release .	We thereby add caustics to the various phenomena with parallels in optics that can be harnessed for manipulation of cold atoms .
+4	We find that the MAIN1 sample ( i.e.the main galaxy survey with one magnitude deeper than the SDSS main galaxy survey , or r & lt ; 18.8 ) could only provide very weak constraint on PNG .	The primordial non-Gaussianity ( PNG ) in matter density perturbation is a very powerful probe of the physics of the very early Universe .	The local PNG can induce a distinct scale-dependent bias on the large scale structure distribution of galaxies and quasars , which could be used for constraining it .	We study the detection limits on PNG from the surveys of the LAMOST telescope .	The cases of the main galaxy survey , the luminous red galaxy ( LRG ) survey , and the quasar survey of different magnitude limits are considered .
+4	Two of the seven bow shocks are driven by the already known O stars .	Dynamical few-body encounters in the dense cores of young massive star clusters are responsible for the loss of a significant fraction of their massive stellar content .	Some of the escaping ( runaway ) stars move through the ambient medium supersonically and can be revealed via detection of their bow shocks ( visible in the infrared , optical or radio ) .	In this paper , which is the second of a series of papers devoted to the search for OB stars running away from young ( several Myr ) Galactic clusters and OB associations , we present the results of the search for bow shocks around the star-forming region NGC 6357 .	Using the archival data of the Midcourse Space Experiment ( MSX ) satellite and the Spitzer Space Telescope , and the preliminary data release of the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer ( WISE ) , we discovered seven bow shocks , whose geometry is consistent with the possibility that they are generated by stars expelled from the young star clusters , Pismis 24 and AH03 J1725-34.4 , associated with NGC 6357 .
+0	By means of density , dielectric spectroscopy and sound velocity measurements we perform a systematic study on the polyoxyethylene $ C_ { 12 } E_ { 6 } $ nonionic surfactant solutions as a function of temperature and concentration .	Both density and sound velocity data , at about $ 34^ { \circ } C $ , coincide with the value obtained for pure water .	Above this temperature the density is lower than the water density whereas below it is greater , the opposite happens for the compressibility .	Combining results from these different techniques we tempt a very detailed description of the evolution of the micellar interfacial properties with temperature .	It is well known that nonionic surfactant solutions dehydrate , growing temperature .
+3	We find that galaxies in dense regions cluster significantly more strongly than those in less dense regions .	A generic prediction of hierarchical clustering models is that the mass function of dark haloes in dense regions in the Universe should be top-heavy .	We provide a novel test of this prediction using a sample of galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey .	To perform the test , we compare measurements of galaxy clustering in dense and underdense regions .	This is true over the entire 0.1 -- 30 Mpc pair separation range for which we can make accurate measurements .
+4	Numerical simulations agree with analytic theory with regards to how particles ' random velocities equilibrate ; how the ring viscously spreads ; and how energy dissipation , angular momentum transport , and material transport are connected .	We present a new , simple , fast algorithm to numerically evolve disks of inelastically colliding particles surrounding a central star .	Our algorithm adds negligible computational cost to the fastest existing collisionless N-body codes , and can be used to simulate , for the first time , the interaction of planets with disks over many viscous times .	Though the algorithm is implemented in two dimensions-i.e. , the motions of bodies need only be tracked in a plane-it captures the behavior of fully three-dimensional disks in which collisions maintain inclinations that are comparable to random eccentricities .	We subject the algorithm to a battery of tests for the case of an isolated , narrow , circular ring .
+3	In particular , we show that at high particle density the transition from positive to negative resistance regimes in the current vs field relation can be explained via the emergence of nontrivial structures that intermittently trap the particles and slow down the dynamics .	Complex fluids in shear flow and biased dynamics in crowded environments exhibit counterintuitive features which are difficult to address both at theoretical level and by molecular dynamic simulations .	To understand some of these features we study a schematic model of highly viscous liquid , the 2D Kob-Andersen kinetically constrained model , driven into non-equilibrium steady states by a uniform non-Hamiltonian force .	We present a detailed numerical analysis of the microscopic behavior of the model , including transversal and longitudinal spatial correlations and dynamic heterogeneities .	We relate such spatial structures to the current vs field relation in the different transport regimes .
+4	In both NCG and MDR no renormalization scheme is necessary to remove infinities in contrast to what happens in conventional approaches .	We compute Zero Point Energy in a spherically symmetric background with the help of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation .	This last one is regarded as a Sturm-Liouville problem with the cosmological constant considered as the associated eigenvalue .	The graviton contribution , at one loop is extracted wit the help of a variational approach together with Gaussian trial functionals .	The divergences handled with a zeta function regularization are compared with the results obtained using a Noncommutative Geometry ( NCG ) and Modified Dispersion Relations ( MDR ) .
+0	Lattice simulation data on the critical temperature and long-distance potential , that probe the degrees of freedom of the QCD string , are critically reviewed .	It is emphasized that comparison of experimental or SU ( N_c ) lattice data , at finite number of colors N_c , with free string theory can be misleading due to string interactions .	Large-N_c extrapolation of pure lattice gauge theory data , in both 3 and 4 dimensions , indicates that there are more worldsheet degrees of freedom than the purely massless transverse ones of the free Nambu-Goto string .	The extra variables are consistent with massive modes of oscillation that effectively contribute like c ~ 1/2 conformal degrees of freedom to highly excited states .	As a concrete example , the highly excited spectrum of the Chodos-Thorn relativistic string in 1+1 dimensions is analyzed , where there are no transverse oscillations .
+4	This set consists of a ) spectra from three pitch-and-roll buoys and b ) Synthetic Aperture Radar ( SAR ) spectra from the ERS-1 satellite .	A comparison is carried out between two operational wave forecasting/assimilation models for the North Sea , with the emphasis on the assimilation schemes .	One model is the WAM model , in combination with an optimal interpolation method ( OIP ) .	The other model , DASWAM , consists of the third generation wave model PHIDIAS in combination with an approximate implementation of the adjoint method .	In an experiment over the period February 19 - March 30 , 1993 , the models are driven by the same wind field ( HIRLAM analysis winds ) , and the same observation data set is assimilated .
+3	The crucial distinction between screening of fundamental and adjoint loops is formulated as a symmetry property related to the center symmetry of the underlying gauge theory .	A phenomenological analysis of the distribution of Wilson loops in SU ( 2 ) Yang-Mills theory is presented in which Wilson loop distributions are described as the result of a diffusion process on the group manifold .	It is shown that , in the absence of forces , diffusion implies Casimir scaling and , conversely , exact Casimir scaling implies free diffusion .	Screening processes occur if diffusion takes place in a potential .	The results are expressed in terms of an effective Wilson loop action and compared with various limits of SU ( 2 ) Yang-Mills theory .
+2	First we propose a deterministic channel model which captures the key wireless properties of signal strength , broadcast and superposition .	In a wireless network with a single source and a single destination and an arbitrary number of relay nodes , what is the maximum rate of information flow achievable ?	We make progress on this long standing problem through a two-step approach .	We obtain an exact characterization of the capacity of a network with nodes connected by such deterministic channels .	This result is a natural generalization of the celebrated max-flow min-cut theorem for wired networks .
+0	Collective electronic excitations `` excitons '' in planar optical lattices exhibit strong modifications of the radiative damping rate and directional emission pattern as compared to a single excited atom .	Excitons for long wave numbers and polarizations orthogonal to the lattice plane exhibit superradiance with a very short life time and a tightly confined emission direction .	For shorter wavelength and in plane polarization they can posses a long life time , which beyond a critical wave number tends to infinity .	Those excitons thus become metastable and decoupled from the free radiation field .	They can store a single energy quantum for a long time and transfer the excitation over long distances .
+0	The ultra-high energy neutrino nucleon cross section grows at a surprising rate with energy due to QCD effects in the target .	Recent electroproduction data allows an update of earlier predictions .	We compare the results of our own calculations with those of other groups , and critically review the foundation and reliability of the calculations .	The question of the `new physics ' potential of neutrino telescopes sensitive to the total cross section in multi-PeV energy domain is considered .	We point out a loophole in the arguments which might be an important consideration in extrapolating the cross section to extremely high energies .
+1	We study the ergodicity properties of the dynamics .	A single spin flip stochastic energy conserving dynamics for the XY model is considered .	It is shown that phase space trajectories densely fill the geometrically connected parts of the energy surface .	We also show that while the dynamics is discrete and the phase point jumps around , it can not make transitions between closed disconnected parts of the energy surface .	Thus the number of distinct sectors depends on the number of geometrically disconnected parts of the energy surface .
+2	This has provided a platform on which extensions can be developed for future operation in the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) era .	By the end of the nineties , the power converter control system ( Mugef ) of the CERN proton accelerator ( SPS ) had undergone a complete modernization .	This resulted in newly developed hardware for function generation , measurement and I/O in a VME environment , under the LynxOS real-time operating system .	This paper describes some of these extensions , in particular a fast Surveillance and Interlock system for monitoring the power converter output currents .	This will be mandatory for the safe operation of the SPS transfer lines TI2 & amp ; TI8 to LHC and for similar applications in the future .
+4	This may help resolve a long-standing puzzle of the critical current versus grain boundary angle in high-T_c superconductors .	We calculate the dc supercurrent through a Josephson tunnel junction consisting of an antiferromagnetic ( AF ) interlayer sandwiched between two d-wave superconductors ( d ) .	Such d/AF/d junctions exhibit a rich dependence of the Josephson current on the interlayer parameters , including the possibility of 0-pi transitions with varying temperature or interlayer thickness .	Furthermore , we study d/I/d junctions when the dSC leads include subdominant magnetic correlations .	In this case induced magnetism near the interface can strongly diminish the critical current for 110 oriented junctions whereas no suppression is obtained for the 100 orientation .
+0	The cosmological constant is one of the most pressing problems in modern physics .	We address this issue from an emergent gravity standpoint , by using an analogue gravity model .	Indeed , the dynamics of the emergent metric in a Bose-Einstein condensate can be described by a Poisson-like equation with a vacuum source term reminiscent of a cosmological constant .	The direct computation of this term shows that in emergent gravity scenarios this constant may be naturally much smaller than the naive ground-state energy of the emergent effective field theory .	This suggests that a proper computation of the cosmological constant would require a detailed understanding about how Einstein equations emerge from the full microscopic quantum theory .
+2	It is generally thought that the bubble universe may be cyclic , which will go through a sequence of AdS crunches , until the field inside bubble finally lands at a dS minimum .	In the eternally inflating background , the bubbles with AdS vacua will crunch .	However , this crunch might be followed by a bounce .	However , we show that due to the amplification of field fluctuation , the bubble universe going through AdS cycles will inevitably fragment within two or three cycles .	We discuss its implication to the eternal inflation scenario .
+0	We investigate a balance network of the asymmetric simple exclusion process ( ASEP ) .	Subsystems consisting of ASEPs are connected by bidirectional links with each other , which results in balance between every pair of subsystems .	The network includes some specific important cases discussed in earlier works such as the ASEP with the Langmuir kinetics , multiple lanes and finite reservoirs .	Probability distributions of particles in the steady state are exactly given in factorized forms according to their balance properties .	Although the system has nonequilibrium parts , the expressions are well described in a framework of statistical mechanics based on equilibrium states .
+4	We distinguish three classes of particle acceleration sites associated with ( 1 ) magnetic X-points , ( 2 ) regions between merging plasmoids , and ( 3 ) the trailing edges of accelerating plasmoids .	We investigate the distribution of particle acceleration sites , independently of the actual acceleration mechanism , during plasmoid-dominated , relativistic collisionless magnetic reconnection by analyzing the results of a particle-in-cell numerical simulation .	The simulation is initiated with Harris-type current layers in pair plasma with no guide magnetic field , negligible radiative losses , no initial perturbation , and using periodic boundary conditions .	We find that the plasmoids develop a robust internal structure , with colder dense cores and hotter outer shells , that is recovered after each plasmoid merger on a dynamical time scale .	We use spacetime diagrams of the reconnection layers to probe the evolution of plasmoids , and in this context we investigate the individual particle histories for a representative sample of energetic electrons .
+4	However , $ \Gamma_ { 2 } $ shows a behavior depending on the spectral state .	We present an X-ray spectral analysis of the high-mass binary 4U~1700-37 during its hard-soft state evolution .	We use the BeppoSAX , Suzaku and RXTE ( Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ) , Suzaku and BeppoSAX observations for this investigation .	We argue that the X-ray broad-band spectra during all spectral states can be adequately reproduced by a model , consisting of a low-temperature Blackbody component , two Comptonized components both due to the presence of a Compton cloud ( CC ) that up-scatters seed photons of $ T_ { s1 } $ ~ & lt ; 1.4 keV , and $ T_ { s2 } & lt ; $ 1 keV , and an iron-line component .	We find using this model that the photon power-law index is almost constant , $ \Gamma_ { 1 } \sim 2 $ for all spectral states .
+4	Non-local magnetoresistance suggests the possibility of a graphene based gate tunable thermal switch .	Understanding magnetoresistance , the change in electrical resistance upon an external magnetic field , at the atomic level is of great interest both fundamentally and technologically .	Graphene and other two-dimensional layered materials provide an unprecedented opportunity to explore magnetoresistance at its nascent stage of structural formation .	Here , we report an extremely large local magnetoresistance of ~ 2,000 % at 400 K and a non-local magnetoresistance of & gt ; 90,000 % in 9 T at 300 K in few-layer graphene/boron-nitride heterostructures .	The local magnetoresistance is understood to arise from large differential transport parameters , such as the carrier mobility , across various layers of few-layer graphene upon a normal magnetic field , whereas the non-local magnetoresistance is due to the magnetic field induced Ettingshausen-Nernst effect .
+0	Despite internal complexity , tumor growth kinetics follow relatively simple macroscopic laws that have been quantified by mathematical models .	To resolve this further , quantitative and discriminant analyses were performed for the purpose of comparing alternative models for their abilities to describe and predict tumor growth .	For this we used two in vivo experimental systems , an ectopic syngeneic tumor ( Lewis lung carcinoma ) and an orthotopically xenografted human breast carcinoma .	The goals were threefold : to 1 ) determine a statistical model for description of the volume measurement error , 2 ) establish the descriptive power of each model , using several goodness-of-fit metrics and a study of parametric identifiability , and 3 ) assess the models ability to forecast future tumor growth .	Nine models were compared that included the exponential , power law , Gompertz and ( generalized ) logistic formalisms .
+1	With increasing energy cost and growing environmental concerns , green IT is receiving more and more attention .	The new era of information and communication technology ( ICT ) calls for a greater understanding of the environmental impacts of recent technology .	Network and system design play a crucial role in both computing and telecommunication systems .	Significant part of this energy cost goes to system update by downloading regularly patches and bug fixes to solve security problems and to assure that the operating system and other systems function properly .	This paper describes a new design of Windows Server Update Services ( WSUS ) , system responsible of downloads of the mentioned patches and updates from Microsoft Update website and then distributes them to computers on a network .
+2	We detected pulsations from PSR J0737-3039A ( PSR A ) through the most accurate timing measurement obtained by XMM-Newton so far , the spin period error being of 2x10^-13 s. PSR A 's pulse profile in X-rays is very stable despite significant relativistic spin precession that occurred within the time span of observations .	The relativistic double neutron star binary PSR J0737-3039 shows clear evidence of orbital phase-dependent wind-companion interaction , both in radio and X-rays .	In this paper we present the results of timing analysis of PSR J0737-3039 performed during 2006 and 2011 XMM-Newton Large Programs that collected ~20,000 X-ray counts from the system .	This yields a constraint on the misalignment between the spin axis and the orbital momentum axis Delta_A ~6.6^ { +1.3 } _ { -5.4 } deg , consistent with estimates based on radio data .	We confirmed pulsed emission from PSR J0737-3039B ( PSR B ) in X-rays even after its disappearance in radio .
+2	A key challenge is the nonlinear measurement model , which is often tackled using linearization , despite divergence and local optimality issues .	Accurate power system state estimation ( PSSE ) is an essential prerequisite for reliable operation of power systems .	Different from static PSSE , dynamic PSSE can exploit past measurements based on a dynamical state evolution model , offering improved accuracy and state predictability .	In this work , a moving-horizon estimation ( MHE ) strategy is advocated , where model nonlinearity can be accurately captured with strong performance guarantees .	To mitigate local optimality , a semidefinite relaxation approach is adopted , which often provides solutions close to the global optimum .
+1	By calculating the shape and mass of the polarization cloud induced by the perturber in the background system , which decelerates the motion of the perturber , we recover Chandrasekhar 's drag force law with a modified Coulomb logarithm .	We present a rigorous calculation of the dynamical friction force exerted on a spherical massive perturber moving through an infinite homogenous system of field stars .	As concrete examples we calculate the drag force exerted on a Plummer sphere or a sphere with the density distribution of a Hernquist profile .	It is shown that the shape of the perturber affects only the exact form of the Coulomb logarithm .	The latter converges on small scales , because encounters of the test and field stars with impact parameters less than the size of the massive perturber become inefficient .
+1	Intuitively , data is passed through a series of progressively fine-grained sieves .	We introduce a new framework for unsupervised learning of representations based on a novel hierarchical decomposition of information .	Each layer of the sieve recovers a single latent factor that is maximally informative about multivariate dependence in the data .	The data is transformed after each pass so that the remaining unexplained information trickles down to the next layer .	Ultimately , we are left with a set of latent factors explaining all the dependence in the original data and remainder information consisting of independent noise .
+1	By using the techniques of the qualitative behaviour of dynamic systems , we are able to present the most comprehensive scheme so far to try to find out their causal characterization , taking into account and analyzing , the possible limitations of the approach .	The causal character of the zero-areal-radius ( R=0 ) singularity in spherically symmetric spacetimes is studied .	We show that , with this approach , the knowledge of the scalar invariant $ m\equiv R ( 1-g^ { \mu\nu } \partial_\mu R\partial_\nu R ) /2 $ suffices to characterize the singularity .	We apply our results to the study of the outcome of Black Hole evaporation and show different possibilities .	In this way , we find that a persistent naked singularity could develop in the final stages of the evaporation and we show its distinctive features .
+2	This was attributed to current magnification which is quantum mechanical in origin .	We study the current magnification effect and associated circulating currents in mesoscopic systems at equilibrium .	Earlier studies have revealed that in the presence of transport current ( non-equilibrium situation ) , circulating currents can flow in a ring even in the absence of magnetic field .	We have shown that the same effect can be obtained in equilibrium systems , however , in the presence of magnetic flux .	For this we have considered an one-dimensional open mesoscopic ring connected to a bubble , and the system is in contact with a single reservoir .
+3	The spectral flow of fermions through the nodes during the vortex motion leads to creation of the fermionic charge from the superfluid vacuum and to transfer of the superfluid linear momentum into the heat bath , thus producing an extra force on the vortex , which in some cases compensates the Magnus force .	The origin of the excess of matter over antimatter in our Universe remains one of the fundamental problems .	The dynamical baryogenesis in the process of the broken symmetry electroweak transition in the expanding Universe is the widely discussed model where the baryonic asymmetry is induced by the quantum chiral anomaly .	We discuss the modelling of this phenomenon in superfluid 3He and superconductors where the chiral anomaly is realized in the presence of quantized vortex , which introduces the nodes in the energy spectrum of the fermionic quasiparticles .	This spectral-flow force was calculated 20 years ago by Kopnin and Kravtsov for s-wave superconductors , but only recently it was measured in a broad temperature range in Manchester experiments on rotating superfluid 3He .
+2	Multistationarity ( i.e.\ the existence of at least two positive steady state solutions of the associated polynomial dynamical system ) has been analyzed and established in several contributions .	Multisite phosphorylation networks are encountered in many intracellular processes like signal transduction , cell-cycle control or nuclear signal integration .	In this contribution networks describing the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a protein at $ n $ sites in a sequential distributive mechanism are considered .	It is , for example , known that there exist values for he rate constants where multistationarity occurs .	However , nothing else is known about these rate constants .
+3	The solid phase has also been studied up to high pressures .	The ground-state properties of spin polarized hydrogen H $ \downarrow $ are obtained by means of diffusion Monte Carlo calculations .	Using the most accurate to date ab initio H $ \downarrow $ -H $ \downarrow $ interatomic potential we have studied its gas phase , from the very dilute regime until densities above its freezing point .	At very small densities , the equation of state of the gas is very well described in terms of the gas parameter $ \rho a^3 $ , with $ a $ the s-wave scattering length .	The gas-solid phase transition occurs at a pressure of 173 bar , a much higher value than suggested by previous approximate descriptions .
+3	We also estimated the abundances in our H II regions using the O3N2 and N2 calibrations and compared those with the C-based abundances .	Spectra of 34 H II regions in the late-type galaxies NGC1087 , NGC2967 , NGC3023 , NGC4030 , NGC4123 , and NGC4517A were observed with the South African Large Telescope ( SALT ) .	In all 34 H II regions , oxygen abundances were determined through the `` counterpart '' method ( C method ) .	Additionally , in two H II regions in which the auroral lines were detected oxygen abundances were measured through the classic Te method .	With these data we examined the radial abundance distributions in the disks of our target galaxies .
+1	We construct the NS string products $ L= \ { L_ { n } \ } _ { n=1 } ^ { \infty } $ of $ L_ { \infty } $ -type formulation and the shifted BRST operator $ Q_ { \mathcal { G } } $ in WZW-like formulation by the similarity transformations of the BRST operator $ Q $ .	In this paper we derive the condition providing the on-shell equivalence of $ L_ { \infty } $ -type and WZW-like formulations for superstring field theory .	Utilizing the similarity transformations , we can consider a morphism connecting the $ L_ { \infty } $ -algebras on both sides .	It naturally induces the field redefinitions and guarantees the equivalence of the on-shell conditions in two formulations .	In addition , we have confirmed up to quartic order that the on-shell equivalence condition also provides the off-shell equivalence .
+1	For planar and simply buckled silicenes , we confirm their zero-gap nature and show a significant renormalization of their Fermi velocity by including many-electron effects .	We report first-principles results on the electronic structure of various silicene structures .	However , the other two recently proposed silicene structures exhibit a finite band gap , indicating that they are gapped semiconductors instead of previously expected Dirac-fermion semimetals .	Moreover , our calculated quasiparticle gap quantitatively explains the recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements .	In particular , the band gap of the latter two structures can be tuned in a wide range by applying strain , giving hope to bipolar-devices applications .
+0	[ This is truncated to suit the whims of the archivers ... ] Parameter studies in LVG models are used to show how the low-lying rotational transitions of common polar molecules HCO+ , HCN and CS vary with number density , column density and electron fraction ; with molecular properties such as the charge state and permanent dipole moment ; and with observational details such as the transition that is observed .	Physically-based models are used to check the parameter studies and provide a basis for relating the few extant observations .	The parameter studies of LVG radiative transfer models show that lines of polar molecules are uniformly brighter for ions , for lower J-values and for higher dipole moments .	Excitation by electrons is more important for J=1-0 lines and contributes rather less to the brightness of CS J=2-1 lines .	If abundances are like those seen in absorption , the HCO+ J=1-0 line will be the brightest line after CO , followed by HCN ( 1-0 ) and CS ( 2-1 ) .
+2	In this paper , we establish some important properties of M-tensors and nonsingular M-tensors .	The M-matrix is an important concept in matrix theory , and has many applications .	Recently , this concept has been extended to higher order tensors [ 18 ] .	An M-tensor is a Z-tensor .	We show that a Z-tensor is a nonsingular M-tensor if and only if it is semi-positive .
+4	Some remaining subtlety is pointed out .	The global symmetry generated by K_n is a subgroup of the stringy gauge symmetry .	We explore the part of the vacuum manifold related by this symmetry .	A strong evidence is presented that the analytic classical solutions to the cubic string field theory found earlier in Refs .	[ 5,6 ] are actually related by the symmetry and , therefore , all of them describe the same tachyon vacuum .
+2	In this paper , we present results for dense partially ionized hydrogen at intermediate and high temperature .	The results of analytical approximations and extensive calculations based on a path integral Monte Carlo ( PIMC ) scheme are presented .	A new ( direct ) PIMC method allows for a correct determination of thermodynamic properties such as energy and equation of state of dense degenerate Coulomb systems .	We give a quantitative comparison with the available results of alternative ( restricted ) PIMC simulations and with analytical expressions based on iterpolation formulas meeting the exact limits at low and high densities .	Good agreement between the two simulations is found up to densities of the order of $ 10^ { 24 } cm^ { -3 } $ .
+4	This is well understood and need not degrade the validity of the program results .	Computer programs often behave differently under different compilers or in different computing environments .	Relative debugging is a collection of techniques by which these differences are analysed .	Differences may arise because of different interpretations of errors in the code , because of bugs in the compilers or because of numerical drift , and all of these were observed in the present study .	Numerical drift arises when small and acceptable differences in values computed by different systems are integrated , so that the results drift apart .
+1	Several approaches have been proposed to integrate radius and margin for joint learning of feature transformation and SVM classifier .	The generalization error bound of support vector machine ( SVM ) depends on the ratio of radius and margin , while standard SVM only considers the maximization of the margin but ignores the minimization of the radius .	However , most of them either require the form of the transformation matrix to be diagonal , or are non-convex and computationally expensive .	In this paper , we suggest a novel approximation for the radius of minimum enclosing ball ( MEB ) in feature space , and then propose a convex radius-margin based SVM model for joint learning of feature transformation and SVM classifier , i.e. , F-SVM .	An alternating minimization method is adopted to solve the F-SVM model , where the feature transformation is updatedvia gradient descent and the classifier is updated by employing the existing SVM solver .
+4	The complexity is studied as a stochastic process indexed by the ranks to be selected .	A fundamental algorithm for selecting ranks from a finite subset of an ordered set is Radix Selection .	This algorithm requires the data to be given as strings of symbols over an ordered alphabet , e.g. , binary expansions of real numbers .	Its complexity is measured by the number of symbols that have to be read .	In this paper the model of independent data identically generated from a Markov chain is considered .
+0	The space-based gravitational-wave detector eLISA has been selected as the ESA L3 mission , and the mission design will be finalised by the end of this decade .	To prepare for mission formulation over the next few years , several outstanding and urgent questions in data analysis will be addressed using mock data challenges , informed by instrument measurements from the LISA Pathfinder satellite launching at the end of 2015 .	These data challenges will require accurate and computationally affordable waveform models for anticipated sources such as the extreme-mass-ratio inspirals ( EMRIs ) of stellar-mass compact objects into massive black holes .	Previous data challenges have made use of the well-known analytic EMRI waveforms of Barack and Cutler , which are extremely quick to generate but dephase relative to more accurate waveforms within hours , due to their mismatched radial , polar and azimuthal frequencies .	In this paper , we describe an augmented Barack-Cutler model that uses a frequency map to the correct Kerr frequencies , along with updated evolution equations and a simple fit to a more accurate model .
+1	With the help of Campbell 's coding theorem we show that the Renyi entropy selectively emphasizes only certain sectors of the underlying empirical distribution while strongly suppressing others .	In this paper , we quantify the statistical coherence between financial time series by means of the Renyi entropy .	This accentuation is controlled with Renyi 's parameter q .	To tackle the issue of the information flow between time series we formulate the concept of Renyi 's transfer entropy as a measure of information that is transferred only between certain parts of underlying distributions .	This is particularly pertinent in financial time series where the knowledge of marginal events such as spikes or sudden jumps is of a crucial importance .
+1	We find a condition in which the antenna molecules faithfully play their roles : Their effective absorption ratios are larger than those of the receiver molecule directly coupled to the reaction center .	Considering a multi-pathway structure in a light-harvesting complex of photosynthesis , we investigate the role of energy-level mismatches between antenna molecules in transferring the absorbed energy to a reaction center .	In the absence of energy-level mismatches and dephasing noise , there arises quantum destructive interference between multiple paths that restricts the energy transfer .	On the other hand , the destructive interference diminishes as asymmetrically biasing the energy-level mismatches and/or introducing quantum noise of dephasing for the antenna molecules , so that the transfer efficiency is greatly enhanced to near unity .	Remarkably , the near-unity efficiency can be achieved at a wide range of asymmetric energy-level mismatches .
+2	GJ 832 appears to be depleted in met- als by at least 50 % relative to the Sun , as are a significant fraction of the M dwarfs known to host exoplanets .	Precision Doppler velocity measurements from the Anglo-Australian Tele- scope reveal a planet with a 9.4+/-0.4 year period orbiting the M1.5 dwarf GJ 832 .	Within measurement uncertainty the orbit is circular , and the minimum mass ( m sin i ) of the planet is 0.64+/-0.06 MJUP .	GJ 832 adds another Jupiter-mass planet to the known census of M dwarf exoplanets , which currently includes a significant number of Neptune-mass planets .	GJ 832 is an excellent candidate for astromet- ric orbit determination with alpha sin i = 0.95 mas .
+4	For $ \gamma & lt ; 1 $ , this singularity is globally visible along $ \theta = 0 $ as well as $ \theta = \pi /2 $ .	We consider a static , axially symmetric , and asymptotically flat exact solution of the Einstein vacuum equations , known as the gamma metric .	This is characterized by two constant parameters $ m $ and $ \gamma $ .	We find that the total energy associated with this metric is $ m \gamma $ .	Considering the total energy to be positive , we investigate the nature of a curvature singularity $ r=2m $ ( $ r $ is the radial coordinate ) in this metric .
+3	We find that the typical dust temperature of the BCD sample is systematically higher than that of normal spiral galaxies , although there is a large variety .	We report basic far-infrared ( FIR ) properties of eight blue compact dwarf galaxies ( BCDs ) observed by AKARI .	We measure the fluxes at the four FIS bands ( wavelengths of 65 um , 90 um , 140 um , and 160 um ) .	Based on these fluxes , we estimate basic quantities about dust : dust temperature , dust mass , and total FIR luminosity .	The interstellar radiation field estimated from the dust temperature ranges up to 100 times of the Galactic value .
+3	In order to overcome these serious problems we show that the interaction signal ( error signal ) can be used not only to quantitatively control but also to significantly improve the quality of the topography raw data used for the PSD analysis .	In the present work we show that the correct determination of surface morphology using Scanning Force Microscopy ( SFM ) imaging and Power Spectral Density ( PSD ) analysis of the surface roughness is an extremely demanding task that is easily affected by experimental parameters such as scan speed and feedback parameters .	We present examples were the measured topography data is significantly influenced by the feedback response of the SFM system and the PSD curves calculated from this experimental data do not correspond to that of the true topography .	Instead , either features are `` lost '' due to low pass filtering or features are `` created '' due to oscillation of the feedback loop .	In particular , the calibrated error signal image can be used in combination with the topography image in order to obtain a correct representation of surface morphology ( `` true '' topographic image ) .
+1	We prove that eliminating candidates does not necessarily increase the computational complexity of manipulation .	Successive elimination of candidates is often a route to making manipulation intractable to compute .	However , for many voting rules used in practice , the computational complexity increases .	For example , it is already known that it is NP-hard to compute how a single voter can manipulate the result of single transferable voting ( the elimination version of plurality voting ) .	We show here that it is NP-hard to compute how a single voter can manipulate the result of the elimination version of veto voting , of the closely related Coombs ' rule , and of the elimination versions of a general class of scoring rules .
+0	The free energy of the solid and fluid phases of the Girifalco C60 model are determined through extensive Monte Carlo simulations .	In this model the molecules interact through a spherical pair potential , characterized by a narrow and attractive well , adjacent to a harshly repulsive core .	We have used the Widom test particle method and a mapping from an Einstein crystal , in order to estimate the absolute free energy in the fluid and solid phases , respectively ; we have then determined the free energy along several isotherms , and the whole phase diagram , by means of standard thermodynamic integrations .	We highlight how the interplay between the liquid-vapor and the liquid-solid coexistence conditions determines the existence of a narrow liquid pocket in the phase diagram , whose stability is assessed and confirmed in agreement with previous studies .	In particular , the critical temperature follows closely an extended corresponding-states rule recently outlined by Noro and Frenkel [ J. Chem.Phys .
+3	In this paper , we consider a one-shot multiparty typicality conjecture .	In the context of network information theory , one often needs a multiparty probability distribution to be typical in several ways simultaneously .	When considering quantum states instead of classical ones , it is in general difficult to prove the existence of a state that is jointly typical .	Such a difficulty was recently emphasized and conjectures on the existence of such states were formulated .	The question can then be stated easily : is it possible to smooth the largest eigenvalues of all the marginals of a multipartite state { \rho } simultaneously while staying close to { \rho } ?
+4	We present the performances of UFig and show that it is faster than existing public simulation codes by several orders of magnitude .	Simulated wide-field images are becoming an important part of observational astronomy , either to prepare for new surveys or to test measurement methods .	In order to efficiently explore vast parameter spaces , the computational speed of simulation codes is a central requirement to their implementation .	We introduce the Ultra Fast Image Generator ( UFig ) which aims to bring wide-field imaging simulations to the current limits of computational capabilities .	We achieve this goal through : ( 1 ) models of galaxies , stars and observational conditions , which , while simple , capture the key features necessary for realistic simulations , and ( 2 ) state-of-the-art computational and implementation optimizations .
+3	The strongest experimental effort to find other evidence and learn more about the nature of the dark matter particles concentrates around Weakly Interacting Massive Particles which are among the best motivated dark matter candidates .	Astronomical and cosmological observations of the past 80 years build solid evidence that atomic matter makes up only a small fraction of the matter in the universe .	The dominant fraction does not interact with electromagnetic radiation , does not absorb or emit light and hence is called Dark Matter .	So far dark matter has revealed its existence only through gravitational effects .	The two main groups of experiments in this field aim for indirect detection through annihilation products and direct detection via interactions with atomic matter respectively .
+4	We show that they have Lebesgue disintegration in the leaves and that the local densities possess an integral representation analogue to the Poisson representation of harmonic functions .	This paper is devoted to the study of Gibbs u-states for the geodesic flow tangent to a foliation with negatively curved leaves .	On the one hand we give sufficient conditions for the existence of transverse invariant measures .	In particular we prove that when this foliated geodesic flow preserves a Gibbs su-state , i.e.a measure with Lebesgue disintegration both in the stable and unstable horospheres , then it has to be obtained by combining a transverse invariant measure and the Liouville measure on the leaves .	On the other hand we study in detail the projections of Gibbs u-states along the unit spheres tangent to the foliation .
+3	In four dimensions this allows us to establish the uniqueness of extremal Kerr amongst asymptotically flat , stationary , rotating , vacuum black holes with a single extremal horizon .	We prove uniqueness theorems for asymptotically flat , stationary , extremal , vacuum black hole solutions , in four and five dimensions with one and two commuting rotational Killing fields respectively .	As in the non-extremal case , these problems may be cast as boundary value problems on the two dimensional orbit space .	We show that the orbit space for solutions with one extremal horizon is homeomorphic to an infinite strip , where the two boundaries correspond to the rotational axes , and the two asymptotic regions correspond to spatial infinity and the near-horizon geometry .	In five dimensions we show that there is at most one asymptotically flat , stationary , extremal vacuum black hole with a connected horizon , two commuting rotational symmetries and given interval structure and angular momenta .
+2	It is of interest to understand how network motifs combine to form larger structures .	Biological and technological networks contain patterns , termed network motifs , which occur far more often than in randomized networks .	Network motifs were suggested to be elementary building blocks that carry out key functions in the network .	To address this , we present a systematic approach to define 'motif generalizations ' : families of motifs of different sizes that share a common architectural theme .	To define motif generalizations , we first define 'roles ' in a subgraph according to structural equivalence .
+4	An attractive alternative is represented by silicon photomultiplier arrays ( SiPM arrays ) , which show unrivalled performances in single photon detection .	Next generation multi-ton scale noble liquid experiments have the unique opportunity to discover dark matter particles at the TeV scale , reaching the sensitivity of 10^-48 cm2 in the WIMP nucleon scattering cross-section .	A prerequisite will be the reduction of radiogenic background sources to negligible levels .	This is only possible if ultra pure high efficiency photosensors are available for the scintillation light readout .	Current experiments ( e.g.Xenon , LUX , Darkside , ArDM ) use cryogenic PMTs as photosensors .
+0	Recent studies of the global phase diagram of quantum-critical heavy-fermion metals prompt consideration of the interplay between the Kondo interactions and quantum fluctuations of the local moments alone .	Toward this goal , we study a Bose-Fermi Kondo model ( BFKM ) with Ising anisotropy in the presence of a local transverse field that generates quantum fluctuations in the local-moment sector .	We apply the numerical renormalization-group method to the case of a sub-Ohmic bosonic bath exponent and a constant conduction-electron density of states .	Starting in the Kondo phase at zero transverse-field , there is a smooth crossover with increasing transverse field from a fully screened to a fully polarized impurity spin .	By contrast , if the system starts in its localized phase , then increasing the transverse field causes a continuous , Kondo-destruction transition into the partially polarized Kondo phase .
+0	B [ e ] supergiants are luminous , massive post-main sequence stars exhibiting non-spherical winds , forbidden lines , and hot dust in a disc-like structure .	The physical properties of their rich and complex circumstellar environment ( CSE ) are not well understood , partly because these CSE can not be easily resolved at the large distances found for B [ e ] supergiants ( typically $ \ga 1 $ ~kpc ) .	From mid-IR spectro-interferometric observations obtained with VLTI/MIDI we seek to resolve and study the CSE of the Galactic B [ e ] supergiant CPD-57\degr\,2874 .	For a physical interpretation of the observables ( visibilities and spectrum ) we use our ray-tracing radiative transfer code ( FRACS ) , which is optimised for thermal spectro-interferometric observations .	Thanks to the short computing time required by FRACS ( $ & lt ; 10 $ ~s per monochromatic model ) , best-fit parameters and uncertainties for several physical quantities of CPD-57\degr\,2874 were obtained , such as inner dust radius , relative flux contribution of the central source and of the dusty CSE , dust temperature profile , and disc inclination .
+1	Each element of this group S_r , r being the rank of the gauge group , represents a permutation of r electric charges available in the theory accompanied by a simultaneous permutation of r monopoles , provided the sets of charges and monopoles are chosen properly .	A new discrete symmetry group , which governs low-energy properties of the supersymmetric N=2 gauge theory is found .	Properties of the theory are strongly influenced by S_r ; if the central charges ( and masses ) of r monopoles are degenerate , then the central charges ( and masses ) of r electric charges are also necessarily degenerate , and vice versa .	This condition uniquely defines the vital value of the VEV of the scalar field , at which all monopoles are massless .	The general theoretical discussion is illustrated by a model , which generalizes the Seiberg-Witten treatment of the supersymmetric N=2 gauge theory for an arbitrary gauge group .
+4	We discuss different ways of obtaining a low -- energy effective theory for two -- brane systems , such as the moduli space approximation and the low -- energy expansion .	Recent developments in the physics of extra dimensions have opened up new avenues to test such theories .	We review cosmological aspects of brane world scenarios such as the Randall -- Sundrum brane model and two -- brane systems with a bulk scalar field .	We start with the simplest brane world scenario leading to a consistent cosmology : a brane embedded in an Anti -- de Sitter space -- time .	We generalise this setting to the case with a bulk scalar field and then to two -- brane systems .
+1	The upper electrode was bilayer Nb/Au superconductor and copper oxide superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 ( YBCO ) was the bottom electrode .	We report on structural , DC , X-ray and neutron studies of hybrid superconducting mesa-heterostructures with a cuprate antiferromagnetic interlayer Ca1-xSrxCuO2 ( CSCO ) .	It was experimentally shown that during the epitaxial growth of the two films YBCO and CSCO a charge carrier doping takes place in the CSCO interlayer with a depth about 20 nm .	The conductivity of the doped part of CSCO layer is close to the metal type , while the reference CSCO film , deposited directly on NdGaO3 substrate , behaves as Mott insulator with the hopping conductivity .	The interface Au/CSCO is clearly seen on bright-field image of the cross-section of heterostructure and gives the main contribution to the total resistance of mesa-heterostructure .
+2	These structures can be thought of as the generalization of bilinear algebras and bivector spaces .	With the advent of computers , one needs algebraic structures that can simultaneously work with bulk data .	One such algebraic structure , namely , n-linear algebras of type I are introduced in this book and its applications to n-Markov chains and n-Leontief models are given .	Several interesting n-linear algebra properties are proved .	This book has four chapters .
+3	A partial-wave decomposition reveals a strong contribution of S-wave KK-bar pairs with low relative energy , suggesting dominance of resonant kaon production via the a0+ ( 980 ) .	ANKE is a magnetic spectrometer and detection system at an internal target position of COSY-Juelich optimized for charged kaon detection .	Recent results from ANKE on kaon production in pp and pD interactions are reported .	From the pp data first absolutely normalized angular and invariant-mass spectra for the reaction pp - & gt ; dK+ K0-bar have been obtained .	This indicates that systematic studies of the light scalar resonances a0/f0 ( 980 ) are possible at COSY .
+2	From the free energy we calculate the amplitude functions in zero field for the order parameter , specific heat and helicity modulus ( superfluid density ) in three dimensions .	Massive field theory at fixed dimension d & lt ; 4 is combined with the minimal subtraction scheme to calculate the amplitude functions of thermodynamic quantities for the O ( n ) symmetric phi^4 model below T_c in two-loop order .	Goldstone singularities arising at an intermediate stage in the calculation of O ( n ) symmetric quantities are shown to cancel among themselves leaving a finite result in the limit of zero external field .	We also calculate the q^2 part of the inverse of the wavenumber-dependent transverse susceptibility chi_T ( q ) which provides an independent check of our result for the helicity modulus .	The two-loop contributions to the superfluid density and specific heat below T_c turn out to be comparable in magnitude to the one-loop contributions , indicating the necessity of higher-order calculations and Pade-Borel type resummations .
+0	The Gamma Ray Imaging Spectrometer ( GRIS ) recently observed the gamma-ray emission from the Galactic center region .	We have detected the 1809 keV Galactic 26Al emission at a significance level of 6.8-sigma but have found no evidence for emission at 1173 keV and 1332 keV , expected from the decay chain of the nucleosynthetic 60Fe .	The isotopic abundances and fluxes are derived for different source distribution models .	The resulting abundances are between 2.6+-0.4 and 4.5+-0.7 Solar Masses for 26Al and a 2-sigma upper limit for 60Fe between 1.7 and 3.1 Solar Masses .	The measured 26Al emission flux is significantly higher than that derived from the CGRO/COMPTEL 1.8 MeV sky map .
+1	The perturbative calculation therefore has to be very precise .	On the lattice searching for the gluon condensate is difficult because a large perturbative contribution to the expectation value of the action has to be subtracted before looking for a small contribution from a possible gluon condensate .	We use a modified version of stochastic perturbation theory to calculate a perturbative series in a boosted coupling , which converges more rapidly than the series with the usual lattice coupling , reducing the uncertainties in our results .	We do not see any condensate of dimension two , as suggested by some earlier lattice studies , but we do find a contribution from a dimension four condensate .	The value of this condensate is approximately 0.04 ( 1 ) GeV^4 , but with large uncertainties .
+4	In some scenarios , they are easily distinguished from the case where the cosmological constant is absent , as a result of their non-monotonic behaviour .	The Veltmann models , which include the Plummer and Hernquist models as special cases , are studied in the presence of a cosmological constant .	Physically relevant quantities such as the velocity dispersion profiles and the anisotropy parameter are computed through the use of the self-consistent approach .	The cutoff radii for these models and the mass contained within this volume are also calculated .	It is shown that the inclusion of a cosmological constant leads to many observable quantities such as the surface density , dispersion profiles and the anisotropy parameter becoming increasingly modified .
+4	We obtain results on the injectivity of $ Ext $ that provide substantial partial answers of questions of Eisenbud-Mustata-Stillman in characteristic $ 0 $ , and these results can be viewed as generalizations of the Kodaira vanishing theorem for Cohen-Macaulay Du Bois varieties .	In this paper we study the local cohomology modules of Du Bois singularities .	Let $ ( R , m ) $ be a local ring , we prove that if $ R_ { red } $ is Du Bois , then $ H_m^i ( R ) \to H_m^i ( R_ { red } ) $ is surjective for every $ i $ .	We find many applications of this result .	For example we answer a question of Kov\'acs and the second author on the Cohen-Macaulay property of Du Bois singularities .
+0	A study of the center symmetric phase of SU ( 2 ) Yang Mills theory is presented .	Realization of the center symmetry is shown to result from non-perturbative gauge fixing .	Dictated by the center symmetry , this phase exhibits already at the perturbative level confinement like properties .	The analysis is performed by investigating the dynamics of the Polyakov loops .	The ultralocality of these degrees of freedom implies significant changes in the vacuum structure of the theory .
+4	To generate solitary wave solutions numerically , we use the Petviashvili 's iteration method .	A class of nonlocal nonlinear wave equation arises from the modeling of a one dimensional motion in a nonlinearly , nonlocally elastic medium .	The equation involves a kernel function with nonnegative Fourier transform .	We discretize the equation by using Fourier spectral method in space and we prove the convergence of the semidiscrete scheme .	We then use a fully-discrete scheme , that couples Fourier pseudo-spectral method in space and 4th order Runge-Kutta in time , to observe the effect of the kernel function on solutions .
+1	We focus on the models with the softly-broken $ Z_2 $ symmetry , which is imposed to avoid the flavor changing neutral current .	We calculate one-loop corrected Yukawa coupling constants $ hf\bar { f } $ for the standard model like Higgs boson $ h $ in two Higgs doublet models .	Under the $ Z_2 $ symmetry , there are four types of Yukawa interactions .	We find that one-loop contributions from extra Higgs bosons modify the $ hf\bar { f } $ couplings to be maximally about $ 5\ % $ under the constraint from perturbative unitarity and vacuum stability .	Our results show that the pattern of tree-level deviations by the mixing effect in each type of Yukawa couplings from the SM predictions does not change even including radiative corrections .
+1	We use a Euclidean time integral of the relevant three-point function to compute the decay amplitude for two-photon final state , which is a non-QCD state .	We perform a lattice QCD calculation of the \pi^0\to\gamma\gamma transition form factor and the associated decay width .	We use the all-to-all quark propagator technique to carry out this integral as well as to include the disconnected quark diagram contributions .	We execute the calculation using the overlap fermion formulation , which ensures the exact chiral symmetry on the lattice and produces the chiral anomaly through the Jacobian of the chiral transformation .	We examine various sources of systematic effects except for possible discretization effect .
+3	Analyses based on dark matter N-body simulations and Fisher matrix demonstrate that errors of a few percent on beta are possible with a full sky , 1 ( Gpc/h ) ^3 survey centered at a redshift of unity and with negligible shot noise .	We present a method to extract the redshift-space distortions beta parameter in configuration space with a minimal set of cosmological assumptions .	We show that a novel combination of the observed monopole and quadrupole correlation functions can remove efficiently the impact of mild non linearities and redshift errors .	The method offers a series of convenient properties : it does not depend on the theoretical linear correlation function , the mean galaxy density is irrelevant , only convolutions are used , there is no explicit dependence on linear bias .	We also find a baryonic feature in the normalized quadrupole in configuration space that should complicate the extraction of the growth parameter from the linear theory asymptote , but that does not have a major impact with our method .
+0	In this paper we have developed a two dimensional ( 2D ) analytical model for surface potential and drain current for a long channel Dual Material Gate ( DMG ) Silicon-on-Insulator ( SOI ) Tunneling Field Effect Transistor ( TFET ) .	This model includes the effect of drain voltage , gate metal work function , oxide thickness and silicon film thickness , without assuming a fully depleted channel .	The proposed model also includes the effect of charge accumulation at the interface of the two gates and the variation in the tunneling volume with the applied gate voltage .	The accuracy of the model is tested using two-dimensional numerical simulations .	In comparison to the conventional TFET , the proposed model predicts that a DMGTFET provides a higher ON-state current ( ION ) , a better ON-state to OFF-state current ( ION/IOFF ) ratio and a better sub-threshold slope ( SS ) .
+2	They are found to be stable against small perturbations if their energy exceeds a certain critical value , so that the stability domain occupies about 10 % of the existence region of the solitons .	We show that the quadratic interaction of fundamental and second harmonics in a bulk dispersive medium , combined with self-defocusing cubic nonlinearity , give rise to completely localized spatiotemporal solitons ( vortex tori ) with vorticity s=1 .	There is no threshold necessary for the existence of these solitons .	We also demonstrate that the s=1 solitons are stable against very strong perturbations initially added to them .	However , on the contrary to spatial vortex solitons in the same model , the spatiotemporal solitons with s=2 are never stable .
+1	We pay attention to the contribution of thermal-pulses asymptotic giant branch ( TP-AGB ) stars .	We present theoretical surface-brightness fluctuations ( SBF ) amplitudes for single-burst stellar populations of young and intermediate age ( $ 25 Myr \leq t \leq 5 Gyr $ ) , and $ Z=0.0003 $ , 0.001 , 0.004 , 0.008 , 0.01 , 0.02 , and 0.04 .	The sensitivity of the predicted SBF to changes in the mass-loss scenario along the TP-AGB phase is examined .	Below 0.6- $ 1 Gyr $ both optical and NIR SBF models exhibit a strong dependence on age and mass loss .	We also evaluate SBF amplitudes by using Monte Carlo techniques to reproduce the random variation in the number of stars experiencing bright and fast evolutionary phases ( Red Giant Branch , AGB , TP-AGB ) .
+2	With substantial NNLO corrections , we find disquieting discrepancy when confronting our state-of-the-art predictions with the latest \textsf { BESIII } measurements , especially fail to account for the measured $ \chi_ { c2 } \to\gamma\gamma $ width .	We calculate the next-to-next-to-leading-order ( NNLO ) perturbative corrections to $ P $ -wave quarkonia annihilation decay to two photons , in the framework of nonrelativistic QCD ( NRQCD ) factorization .	The order- $ \alpha_s^2 $ short-distance coefficients associated with each helicity amplitude are presented in a semi-analytic form , including the `` light-by-light '' contributions .	Incorporating the effects of spin-dependent forces would even exacerbate the situation , since it lifts the degeneracy between the nonperturbative NRQCD matrix elements of $ \chi_ { c0 } $ and $ \chi_ { c2 } $ toward the wrong direction .	We also present the order- $ \alpha_s^2 $ predictions to $ \chi_ { b0,2 } \to\gamma\gamma $ , which await the future experimental test .
+1	We show the existence of limits lim_ { m - & gt ; +\infty } [ Max b_i ( { \mathbb R } X_m^n ) ] /m^n=h_ { i , n } and lim_ { k - & gt ; +\infty } [ Max b_i ( { \mathbb R } Y_ { 2k } ^n ) ] /k^n =d_ { i , n } .	We are interested in the maximal values of the Betti numbers b_i ( { \mathbb R } X_m^n ) for fixed i , m , n ; where { \mathbb R } X_m^n is the real part of a real nonsingular hypersurface of degree m in the complex projective space { \mathbb C } P^n , and in the maximal values of the Betti numbers b_i ( { \mathbb R } Y_ { 2k } ^n ) for fixed i , k , n ; where { \mathbb R } Y_ { 2k } ^n is the real part of a double covering Y_ { 2k } ^n of { \mathbb C } P^n ramified over some real nonsingular hypersurface of degree 2k .	We construct real nonsingular hypersurfaces as small perturbations of double hypersurfaces using the Viro method .	This construction enables us to obtain recursive lower bounds for the h_ { 0 , n } and d_ { 0 , n } , and inequalities h_ { 0,3 } & gt ; = d_ { 0,2 } /6+1/12 , h_ { 1,3 } & gt ; = d_ { 1,2 } /6+1/6 .	As applications , we show the existence , for any integer n & gt ; = 5 , of real algebraic hypersurfaces in { \mathbb C } P^n which are not T-hypersurfaces , and we prove inequalities 35/96 & lt ; = h_ { 0,3 } & lt ; = 5/12 , 35/48 & lt ; = h_ { 1,3 } & lt ; = 5/6 .
+2	Two depressions in the surface brightness of the X-ray halo correspond to the large scale radio lobes , and interpreting these as cavities inflated with radio plasma we infer a jet power of 4x10^42 erg/s .	We report Chandra X-ray Observatory and 1.4 GHz Australian Long Baseline Array ( LBA ) observations of the radio galaxy PKS 2153 -- 69 and its environment .	The Chandra image reveals a roughly spherical halo of hot gas extending out to 30 kpc around PKS 2153 -- 69 .	Both radio lobes contain hot spots that are detected by Chandra .	In addition , the southern hot spot is detected in the 1.4 GHz LBA observation , providing the highest linear resolution image of a radio lobe hot spot to date .
+4	To build ranking models we use multi-criteria rating data provided by previous users after their stay at a destination .	Recommendation based on user preferences is a common task for e-commerce websites .	New recommendation algorithms are often evaluated by offline comparison to baseline algorithms such as recommending random or the most popular items .	Here , we investigate how these algorithms themselves perform and compare to the operational production system in large scale online experiments in a real-world application .	Specifically , we focus on recommending travel destinations at Booking.com , a major online travel site , to users searching for their preferred vacation activities .
+0	We present a high spatial and spectral resolution 2-D echelle spectrogram of the Narrow-Line Region in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC1386 .	This Seyfert galaxy was observed with CASPEC in the wavelength range 5270-7725 Angstrom which covers the H-alpha and the [ N II ] lines .	With the use of spatially high resolved images taken with the WFPC2 aboard the Hubble Space Telescope we could identify individual components of the Narrow-Line Region in our spectra .	A Gaussian decomposition of the spectra revealed 9 distinct emission-line complexes .	The brightest component is blue-shifted by -120+-10 km/s with respect to the systemic velocity and shows an offset of -1.6 '' relative to the nucleus of the galaxy .
+3	When testing hypotheses empirically , the statistical model must be a careful operationalization of the theory being tested .	Dyadic research designs concern data that comprises interactions among actors .	Dyadic approaches unambiguously constitute the most frequent designs employed in the empirical study of international politics , but what do such designs cary with them in terms of theoretical claims and statistical problems ?	These two issues are closely intertwined .	Given that the theoretical and statistical can not be separated , we discuss dyadic research designs from these two perspectives ; highlighting model misspecification , erroneous assumptions about independence of events , artificial levels of analysis , and the incoherent treatment of multilateral/multiparty events on the theoretical side and difficult-to-escape challenges to valid inference on the statistical side .
+2	For CeRuPO a pronounced decrease of rho ( T ) below 50K indicates the onset of coherent Kondo scattering which is confirmed by enhanced S ( T ) .	We have determined the physical ground state properties of the compounds CeRuPO and CeOsPO by means of magnetic susceptibility chi ( T ) , specific heat C ( T ) , electrical resistivity rho ( T ) , and thermopower S ( T ) measurements .	chi ( T ) reveals a trivalent 4f1 cerium state in both compounds .	The temperature and magnetic field dependence of chi ( T ) and C ( T ) evidence ferromagnetic ( FM ) order at TC=15K .	Thus , CeRuPO seems to be one of the rare example of a FM Kondo lattice .
+2	Under FQR-T , customers are served by their own service pool until a threshold is exceeded .	In previous papers we developed a deterministic fluid approximation for an overloaded Markovian queueing system having two customer classes and two service pools , known in the call-center literature as the X model .	The system uses the fixed-queue-ratio-with-thresholds ( FQR-T ) control , which we proposed in a recent paper as a way for one service system to help another in face of an unexpected overload .	Then , one-way sharing is activated with customers from one class allowed to be served in both pools .	The control aims to keep the two queues at a pre-specified fixed ratio .
+0	We detect the backbone of the weighted bipartite network of the Japanese credit market relationships .	The backbone is detected by adapting a general method used in the investigation of weighted networks .	With this approach we detect a backbone that is statistically validated against a null hypothesis of uniform diversification of loans for banks and firms .	Our investigation is done year by year and it covers more than thirty years during the period from 1980 to 2011 .	We relate some of our findings with economic events that have characterized the Japanese credit market during the last years .
+1	A fraction of the emitted spectrum is possibly absorbed in interactions with low energy photons of the diffuse extragalactic infrared radiation , which in turn offers the unique possibility to measure the diffuse infrared radiation density by TeV spectroscopy .	The energy spectrum of the Blazar type galaxy Markarian 501 ( Mrk 501 ) as measured by the High-Energy-Gamma-Ray Astronomy ( HEGRA ) air Cerenkov telescopes extends beyond 16 TeV and constitutes the most energetic photons observed from an extragalactic object .	The upper limit on the density of the extragalactic infrared radiation derived from the TeV observations imposes constraints on models of galaxy formation and stellar evolution .	One of the recently published ideas to overcome severe absorption of TeV photons is based upon the assumption that sources like Mrk 501 could produce Bose-Einstein condensates of coherent photons .	The condensates would have a higher survival probability during the transport in the diffuse radiation field and could mimic TeV air shower events .
+4	The coefficients $ F^ { c_1 , ... , c_l } _ { d_1 , ... , d_m } ( \mu , \nu ) $ are also shown to enumerate paths in the Cayley graph of the symmetric group $ S_n $ generated by transpositions , starting , as in the usual double Hurwitz case , at an element in the conjugacy class of cycle type $ \mu $ and ending in the class of type $ \nu $ , but with the first $ l $ consecutive subsequences of $ ( c_1 , ... , c_l ) $ transpositions strictly monotonically increasing , and the subsequent subsequences of $ ( d_1 , ... , d_m ) $ transpositions weakly increasing .	A multiparametric family of 2D Toda $ \tau $ -functions of hypergeometric type is shown to provide generating functions for composite , signed Hurwitz numbers that enumerate certain classes of branched coverings of the Riemann sphere and paths in the Cayley graph of $ S_n $ .	The coefficients $ F^ { c_1 , ... , c_l } _ { d_1 , ... , d_m } ( \mu , \nu ) $ in their series expansion over products $ P_\mu P'_\nu $ of power sum symmetric functions in the two sets of Toda flow parameters and powers of the $ l+m $ auxiliary parameters are shown to enumerate $ |\mu|=|\nu|=n $ fold branched covers of the Riemann sphere with specified ramification profiles $ \mu $ and $ \nu $ at a pair of points , and two sets of additional branch paints , satisfying certain additional conditions on their ramification profile lengths .	The first group consists of $ l $ branch points , with ramification profile lengths fixed to be the numbers $ ( n-c_1 , ... , n- c_l ) $ ; the second consists of $ m $ further groups of `` coloured '' branch points , of variable number , for which the sums of the complements of the ramification profile lengths within the groups are fixed to equal the numbers $ ( d_1 , ... , d_m ) $ .	The latter are counted with sign determined by the parity of the total number of such branch points .
+1	Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei and in galactic superluminal sources and gamma-ray bursts fireballs have bulk Lorentz factors from a few to several hundreds .	Nature succeeds in accelerating extended and massive objects to relativistic velocities .	A variety of effects then arises , such as the beaming of the produced radiation , light aberration , time contraction and the Doppler frequency shift .	I will emphasize that special relativity applied to real ( i.e.extended ) observed objects inevitably must take into account that any piece of information is carried by photons .	Being created in different parts of the source , they travel different paths to reach the observer , depending on the viewing angle .
+1	Parameters of new codes constructed on algebraic surfaces are studied .	Error correcting codes are defined and important parameters for a code are explained .	In particular , codes resulting from blowing up points in $ \proj^2 $ are briefly studied , then codes resulting from ruled surfaces are covered .	Codes resulting from ruled surfaces over curves of genus 0 are completely analyzed , and some codes are discovered that are better than direct product Reed Solomon codes of similar length .	Ruled surfaces over genus 1 curves are also studied , but not all classes are completely analyzed .
+4	For typical values of $ c_ { SW } $ , this correction is found to be very pronounced .	We calculate , to 3 loops in perturbation theory , the bare $ \beta $ -function of QCD , formulated on the lattice with the clover fermionic action .	The dependence of our result on the number of colors $ N $ , the number of fermionic flavors $ N_f $ , as well as the clover parameter $ c_ { SW } $ , is shown explicitly .	A direct outcome of our calculation is the two-loop relation between the bare coupling constant $ g_0 $ and the one renormalized in the MS-bar scheme .	Further , we can immediately derive the three-loop correction to the relation between the lattice $ \Lambda $ -parameter and $ g_0 $ , which is important in checks of asymptotic scaling .
+2	The torsion of spacetime generates gravitational repulsion in the early Universe filled with quarks and leptons , preventing the cosmological singularity : the Universe expands from a state of minimum but finite radius .	We propose a simple scenario which explains why our Universe appears spatially flat , homogeneous and isotropic .	We use the Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama ( ECKS ) theory of gravity which naturally extends general relativity to include the spin of matter .	We show that the dynamics of the closed Universe immediately after this state naturally solves the flatness and horizon problems in cosmology because of an extremely small and negative torsion density parameter , $ \Omega_S \approx -10^ { -69 } $ .	Thus the ECKS gravity provides a compelling alternative to speculative mechanisms of standard cosmic inflation .
+4	The method proposes augmenting a faulty subsystems with another subsystem ( s ) until a new subsystem is achieved that is observable .	This paper addresses Fault Tolerant Control ( FTC ) of Large Power Systems ( LPS ) subject to sensor failure .	Hiding the fault from the controller allows the nominal controller to remain in the loop .	We assume specific faults that violate observability of a subsystem , and we can not rely on these faulty subsystems when estimating states .	We use a new method for reconfiguration control of these faults that lead to unobservability of subsystems .
+2	Although the tilings were originally obtained by matching rules and by substitution , our approach sets the tilings into the framework of a cut and project scheme and studies how the tilings relate to the corresponding internal space .	The Taylor-Socolar tilings are regular hexagonal tilings of the plane but are distinguished in being comprised of hexagons of two colors in an aperiodic way .	We place the Taylor-Socolar tilings into an algebraic setting which allows one to see them directly as model sets and to understand the corresponding tiling hull along with its generic and singular parts .	The centers of the entire set of tiles of one tiling form a lattice $ Q $ in the plane .	If $ X_Q $ denotes the set of all Taylor-Socolar tilings with centers on $ Q $ then $ X_Q $ forms a natural hull under the standard local topology of hulls and is a dynamical system for the action of $ Q $ .
+4	A simple model of two-mode stimulated Raman scattering is consistent with the results .	Genetic learning algorithms are widely used to control ultrafast optical pulse shapes for photo-induced quantum control of atoms and molecules .	An unresolved issue is how to use the solutions found by these algorithms to learn about the system 's quantum dynamics .	We propose a simple method based on covariance analysis of the control space , which can reveal the degrees of freedom in the effective control Hamiltonian .	We have applied this technique to stimulated Raman scattering in liquid methanol .
+0	We discuss a simple , experimentally feasible scheme , which elucidates the principles of controlling ( `` engineering '' ) the reservoir spectrum and the spectral broadening incurred by repeated measurements .	This control can yield either the inhibition ( Zeno effect ) or the acceleration ( anti-Zeno effect ) of the quasi-exponential decay of the observed state by means of frequent measurements .	In the discussed scheme , a photon is bouncing back and forth between two perfect mirrors , each time passing a polarization rotator .	The horizontal and vertical polarizations can be viewed as analogs of an excited and a ground state of a two level system ( TLS ) .	A polarization beam splitter and an absorber for the vertically polarized photon are inserted between the mirrors , and effect measurements of the polarization .
+4	In addition , the chemotaxis seems to stabilize the formation of branches in the soft-agar , low-nutrient regime .	This paper introduces a reaction-diffusion-chemotaxis model for bacterial aggregation patterns on the surface of thin agar plates .	It is based on the non-linear degenerate cross diffusion model proposed by Kawasaki et al. ( J . of Theor.Biol .	188 ( 2 ) 1997 ) and it includes a suitable nutrient chemotactic term compatible with such type of diffusion .	High resolution numerical simulations using Graphic Processing Units ( GPUs ) of the new model are presented , showing that the chemotactic term enhances the velocity of propagation of the colony envelope for dense-branching morphologies .
+3	It is observed that for electron recoils T0 rises slowly with energy , having a value ~ 30 ns at Eee ~ 15 keV .	Results of observations of low energy nuclear and electron recoil events in liquid xenon scintillator detectors are given .	The relative scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils is 0.22 +/- 0.01 in the recoil energy range 40 keV - 70 keV .	Under the assumption of a single dominant decay component to the scintillation pulse-shape the log-normal mean parameter T0 of the maximum likelihood estimator of the decay time constant for 6 keV & lt ; Eee & lt ; 30 keV nuclear recoil events is equal to 21.0 ns +/- 0.5 ns .	Electron and nuclear recoil pulse-shapes are found to be well fitted by single exponential functions although some evidence is found for a double exponential form for the nuclear recoil pulse-shape .
+3	Results : We present the first detection of an inverse P-Cygni profile towards source B in the three brightest lines .	Aims : We focus on the kinematical properties of a proto-binary to study the infall and rotation of gas towards its two protostellar components .	Methods : We present ALMA Science Verification observations with high-spectral resolution of IRAS 16293-2422 at 220.2 GHz .	The wealth of molecular lines in this source and the very high spectral resolution offered by ALMA allow us to study the gas kinematics with unprecedented detail .	The line profiles are fitted with a simple two-layer model to derive an infall rate of 4.5x10^-5 Msun/yr .
+1	The experiment utilized light pulses to create two high-momentum wavepackets via Bragg diffraction from a stationary Bose-Einstein condensate .	A recent experiment [ Deng et al. , Nature 398 , 218 ( 1999 ) ] demonstrated four-wave mixing of matter wavepackets created from a Bose-Einstein condensate .	The high-momentum components and the initial low momentum condensate interact to form a new momentum component due to the nonlinear self-interaction of the bosonic atoms .	We develop a three-dimensional quantum mechanical description , based on the slowly-varying-envelope approximation , for four-wave mixing in Bose-Einstein condensates using the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation .	We apply this description to describe the experimental observations and to make predictions .
+3	It has been found that the magnitude of ? \k { appa } spin in ACoX3 is a little smaller than those in 1D AF Heisenberg spin systems .	Thermal conductivity measurements have been carried out for single crystals of the onedimensional ( 1D ) antiferromagnetic ( AF ) Ising-like spin system ACoX3 ( A = Rb , Cs ; X = Cl , Br ) .	A shoulder originating from the thermal conductivity due to spin excitations , \k { appa } ? spin , has been observed around 60 K in the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity along the c-axis parallel to spin chains for every ACoX3 .	To our knowledge , this is the first observation of ? \k { appa } spin in 1D AF Ising-like spin systems .	The reason is discussed in terms of the Heisenberg-like character in ACoX3 .
+4	The data support a scenario where the dv statistic reflects dynamics in the interstellar medium ( ISM ) and Wsi traces motions outside the ISM ( e.g.halo gas , galactic-scale winds ) .	We analyze the gas kinematics of damped Lya systems ( DLAs ) hosting high z gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) and those toward quasars ( QSO-DLAs ) focusing on threestatistics : ( 1 ) dv , the velocity interval encompassing 90 % of the totaloptical depth , ( 2,3 ) Wsi and Wciv , the rest equivalent widths of the SiII1526 and CIV1548 transitions .	The dv distributions of the GRB-DLAs and QSO-DLAs are similar , each has median dv~80km/s and a significant tail to several hundred km/s .	This suggests comparable galaxy masses for the parent populations of GRB-DLAs and QSO-DLAs and we infer the average dark matter halo mass of GRB galaxies is & lt ; ~10^ { 12 } Msol .	The unique configuration of GRB-DLA sightlines and the presence ( and absence ) of fine-structure absorption together give special insight into the nature of high z , protogalactic velocity fields .
+1	The virialized protons of the ADAF penetrate into the neutron star atmosphere , heating a surface layer .	We consider the interaction of a slowly rotating unmagnetized neutron star with a hot ( ion supported , ADAF ) accretion flow .	Detailed calculations are presented of the equilibrium between heating by the protons , electron thermal conduction , bremsstrahlung and multiple Compton scattering in this layer .	Its temperature is of the order 40-70 keV .	Its optical depth increases with the incident proton energy flux , and is of the order unity for accretion at $ 10^ { -2 } $ -- $ 10^ { -1 } $ of the Eddington rate .
+0	Recently , sum rules were derived for the inverse eigenvalues of the Dirac operator .	They were obtained in two different ways : i ) starting from the low-energy effective Lagrangian and ii ) starting from a random matrix theory with the symmetries of the Dirac operator .	This suggests that the effective theory can be obtained directly from the random matrix theory .	Previously , this was shown for three or more colors with fundamental fermions .	In this paper we construct the effective theory from a random matrix theory for two colors in the fundamental representation and for an arbitrary number of colors in the adjoint representation .
+1	Angle resolved photoemission is used to determine the Fermi surface , group velocity , and effective mass for surface states on Si ( 111 ) sqrt3xsqrt3-Ag , Si ( 111 ) sqrt3x sqrt3-Au , and Si ( 111 ) sqrt21xsqrt21- ( Ag+Au ) .	Metallic surface states on semiconducting substrates provide an opportunity to study low-dimensional electrons decoupled from the bulk .	For Si ( 111 ) sqrt3xsqrt3-Ag the Fermi surface consists of small electron pockets populated by electrons from a few percent excess Ag .	For Si ( 111 ) sqrt21xsqrt21- ( Ag+Au ) the added Au forms a new , metallic band .	The sqrt21xsqrt21 superlattice leads to an intricate surface umklapp pattern and to minigaps of 110 meV , giving an interaction potential of 55 meV for the sqrt21xsqrt21 superlattice .
+1	The orbits can escape through the necks around the Lagrangian points $ L_1 $ and $ L_2 $ or collide with the surface of the Titan .	We use the planar circular restricted three-body problem in order to numerically investigate the orbital dynamics of orbits of a spacecraft , or a comet , or an asteroid in the Saturn-Titan system in a scattering region around the Titan .	We explore all the four possible Hill 's regions depending on the value of the Jacobi constant .	We conduct a thorough numerical analysis on the phase space mixing by classifying initial conditions of orbits and distinguishing between three types of motion : ( i ) bounded , ( ii ) escaping and ( iii ) collisional .	In particular , we locate the different basins and we relate them with the corresponding spatial distributions of the escape and crash times .
+1	In contrast to the case of Bianchi Type Models we , here , permit an isometry group of motions $ G_ { 4 } =SO ( 3 ) \otimes T_ { r } $ , where $ T_ { r } $ is the translations group , along the radial direction , while SO ( 3 ) acts multiply transitively on each hypersurface of simultaneity $ \Sigma_ { t } $ .	Following the spirit of a previous work of ours , we investigate the group of those General Coordinate Transformations ( GCTs ) which preserve manifest spatial homogeneity .	The basis 1-forms , can not be invariant under the action of the entire isometry group and hence produce an Open Lie Algebra .	In order for these GCTs to exist and have a non trivial , well defined action , certain integrability conditions have to be satisfied ; their solutions , exhibiting the maximum expected `` gauge '' freedom , can be used to simplify the generic , spatially homogeneous , line element .	In this way an alternative proof of the generality of the Kantowski-Sachs ( KS ) vacuum is given , while its most general , manifestly homogeneous , form is explicitly presented .
+2	Diffusion limited aggregation and several widely used algorithms for equilibrating the Ising model are shown to be highly sequential ; it is unlikely they can be simulated efficiently in parallel .	In this paper we examine a number of models that generate random fractals .	The models are studied using the tools of computational complexity theory from the perspective of parallel computation .	This is in contrast to Mandelbrot percolation that can be simulated in constant parallel time .	Our research helps shed light on the intrinsic complexity of these models relative to each other and to different growth processes that have been recently studied using complexity theory .
+0	We show that the new quantum extension of Renyi 's \alpha-relative entropies , introduced recently by Muller-Lennert , Dupuis , Szehr , Fehr and Tomamichel , J.Math.Phys .	54 , 122203 , ( 2013 ) , and Wilde , Winter , Yang , Commun.Math.Phys .	331 , ( 2014 ) , have an operational interpretation in the strong converse problem of quantum hypothesis testing .	Together with related results for the direct part of quantum hypothesis testing , known as the quantum Hoeffding bound , our result suggests that the operationally relevant definition of the quantum Renyi relative entropies depends on the parameter \alpha : for \alpha & lt ; 1 , the right choice seems to be the traditional definition , whereas for \alpha & gt ; 1 the right choice is the newly introduced version .	As a sideresult , we show that the new Renyi \alpha-relative entropies are asymptotically attainable by measurements for \alpha & gt ; 1 , and give a new simple proof for their monotonicity under completely positive trace-preserving maps .
+4	The full width half maximum of C IV is approximately constant with radius , in contrast to the expected $ v\propto { R^ { -1/2 } } $ law for a gas in Keplerian orbits .	We report an eclipse mapping analysis of time-resolved ultraviolet spectroscopy covering three eclipses of the dwarf nova IP Pegasi on the late decline of the 1993 May outburst .	The eclipse maps of the first run show evidence of one spiral arm , suggesting that spiral structures may still be present in the accretion disc 9 days after the onset of the outburst .	In the spatially resolved spectra the most prominent lines appear in emission at any radius , being stronger in the inner disc regions .	The spectrum of the gas stream is clearly distinct from the disc spectrum in the intermediate and outer disc regions , suggesting the occurrence of gas stream overflow .
+1	Improvements are made on the best known results for snake-in-the-box coils of dimensions 9 , 10 and 11 , and for some other circuit codes of dimensions between 8 and 13 .	Two new constructions are presented for coils and snakes in the hypercube .	In the first construction , circuit codes are generated from permuted copies of an initial transition sequence ; the multiple copies constrain the search , so that long codes can be found relatively efficiently .	In the second construction , two lower-dimensional paths are joined together with only one or two changes in the highest dimension ; this requires a search for a permutation of the second sequence to fit around the first .	It is possible to investigate sequences of vertices of the hypercube , including circuit codes , by connecting the corresponding vertices in an extended graph related to the hypercube .
+2	We consider two specific examples .	Assume that one aims to simulate an event of unknown probability $ s\in ( 0,1 ) $ which is uniquely determined , however only its approximations can be obtained using a finite computational effort .	Such settings are often encountered in statistical simulations .	First , the exact simulation of non-linear diffusions , second , the celebrated Bernoulli factory problem of generating an $ f ( p ) - $ coin given a sequence $ X_1 , X_2 , ... $ of independent tosses of a $ p- $ coin ( with known $ f $ and unknown $ p $ ) .	We describe a general framework and provide algorithms where this kind of problems can be fitted and solved .
+2	We find that for the three targets the average backward rapidity shift of the leading proton follows a common trend versus nu with the projectile losing , on average , 2 units of rapidity in the first 2-3 scatterings .	First results are presented from BNL experiment E910 on pion production and stopping in proton-Be , Cu , and Au collisions at a beam momentum of 18 GeV/c .	We characterize the centrality of the collisions using the measured number of `` grey '' tracks , Ngrey , and a derived quantity , nu , the number of inelastic nucleon-nucleon scatterings suffered by the projectile during the collision .	The average rapidity shift increases more slowly with subsequent scatterings reaching a maximum of 2.5 units .	The pi- multiplicity measured within the E910 acceptance saturates with increasing nu in p-Au collisions while the pi- multiplicity in p-Be collisions increases faster with nu than expected from the wounded-nucleon model .
+4	In addition to measuring magnetic structures in these objects , LAMP will also enable us to discover bare quark stars if they exist , whose thermal emission is expected to be zero polarized , while the thermal emission from neutron stars is believed to be highly polarized due to plasma polarization and the quantum electrodynamics ( QED ) effect .	The Lightweight Asymmetry and Magnetism Probe ( LAMP ) is a micro-satellite mission concept dedicated for astronomical X-ray polarimetry and is currently under early phase study .	It consists of segmented paraboloidal multilayer mirrors with a collecting area of about 1300 cm^2 to reflect and focus 250 eV X-rays , which will be detected by position sensitive detectors at the focal plane .	The primary targets of LAMP include the thermal emission from the surface of pulsars and synchrotron emission produced by relativistic jets in blazars .	With the expected sensitivity , it will allow us to detect polarization or place a tight upper limit for about 10 pulsars and 20 blazars .
+1	The abundance calculations included non-LTE line formation and used fully blanketed non-LTE model atmospheres .	We present non-LTE oxygen abundances for a sample of B stars in the Orion association .	The stellar parameters were the same as adopted in the previous study by Cunha & amp ; Lambert ( 1994 ) .	We find that the young Orion stars in this sample of 10 stars are described by a single oxygen abundance with an average value of A ( O ) =8.78 and a small dispersion of +/- 0.05 dex , which is of the order of the uncertainties in the analysis .	This average oxygen abundance compares well with the average oxygen abundance obtained previously in Cunha & amp ; Lambert ( 1994 ) : A ( O ) = 8.72 +/- 0.13 although this earlier study , based upon non-blanketed model atmospheres in LTE , displayed larger scatter .
+2	An N-body code is employed that is linked to a viscous gas disk algorithm capable of simulating : gas loss via accretion onto the central star and photoevaporation ; gap formation by the giant planet ; type II migration of the giant ; optional type I migration of protoplanets ; gas drag on planetesimals .	We examine the effect of giant planet migration on the formation of inner terrestrial planet systems .	We consider situations in which the giant planet halts migration at semi-major axes in the range 0.13 - 1.7 AU due to gas disk dispersal .	We find that most of the inner system planetary building blocks survive the passage of the giant planet , either by being shepherded inward or scattered into exterior orbits .	Systems of one or more hot-Earths are predicted to form and remain interior to the giant planet , especially if type II migration has been limited , or where type I migration has affected protoplanetary dynamics .
+2	We find that the values of their branching ratios are larger than the standard model predictions by one order of magnitude in wide range of the parameter space .	We examine the rare decays $ B_s\to l^+l^- $ and $ B\to Kl^+l^- $ in the framework of the topcolor-assisted technicolor ( $ TC2 $ ) model .	The contributions of the new particles predicted by this model to these rare decay processes are evaluated .	The longitudinal polarization asymmetry of leptons in $ B_s \to l^+l^- $ can approach $ \ord ( 10^ { -2 } ) $ .	The forward-backward asymmetry of leptons in $ B \to Kl^+l^- $ is not large enough to be measured in future experiments .
+4	Furthermore , by using open instead of periodic boundary conditions in imaginary time , equivalent to a projector QMC algorithm , we obtain a quadratic speedup for QMC , and achieve linear scaling in $ \Delta $ .	The tunneling between the two ground states of an Ising ferromagnet is a typical example of many-body tunneling processes between two local minima , as they occur during quantum annealing .	Performing quantum Monte Carlo ( QMC ) simulations we find that the QMC tunneling rate displays the same scaling with system size , as the rate of incoherent tunneling .	The scaling in both cases is $ O ( \Delta^2 ) $ , where $ \Delta $ is the tunneling splitting .	An important consequence is that QMC simulations can be used to predict the performance of a quantum annealer for tunneling through a barrier .
+1	This conjecture was proved by Ma and Yu for graphs containing $ K_4^- $ , and an important step in their proof is to deal with a 5-separation in the graph with a planar side .	Seymour and , independently , Kelmans conjectured in the 1970s that every 5-connected nonplanar graph contains a subdivision of $ K_5 $ .	In order to establish the Kelmans-Seymour conjecture for all graphs , we need to consider 5-separations and 6-separations with less restrictive structures .	The goal of this paper is to deal with special 5-separations and 6-separations , including those with an apex side .	Results will be used in subsequent papers to prove the Kelmans-Seymour conjecture .
+4	The proposed system has been tested on different scenarios and experimental results shows that the proposed solution is effective both in terms of efficiency and time .	Text analysis includes lexical analysis of the text and has been widely studied and used in diverse applications .	In the last decade , researchers have proposed many efficient solutions to analyze / classify large text dataset , however , analysis / classification of short text is still a challenge because 1 ) the data is very sparse 2 ) It contains noise words and 3 ) It is difficult to understand the syntactical structure of the text .	Short Messaging Service ( SMS ) is a text messaging service for mobile/smart phone and this service is frequently used by all mobile users .	Because of the popularity of SMS service , marketing companies nowadays are also using this service for direct marketing also known as SMS marketing.In this paper , we have proposed Ontology based SMS Controller which analyze the text message and classify it using ontology aslegitimate or spam .
+1	Spectral analysis of halo orbits can be used to construct `` frequency maps '' which provide a compact representation of the 6-dimensional phase space distribution function .	The phase space coordinates of individual halo stars obtained by Galactic surveys enable the computation of their full 3-dimensional orbits .	Frequency maps identify important major orbit families , and the orbital abundances reflect the shape and orientation of the dark matter halo relative to the disk .	We apply spectral analysis to halo orbits in a series of controlled simulations of disk galaxies .	Although the shape of the simulated halo varies with radius , frequency maps of local samples of halo orbits confined to the inner halo contain most of the information about the global shape of the halo and its major orbit families .
+2	This paper presents a method for verifying linearisability that does not require identification of linearisation points in the concrete code .	Linearisability has become the standard safety criterion for concurrent data structures ensuring that the effect of a concrete operation takes place after the execution some atomic statement ( often referred to as the linearisation point ) .	Identification of linearisation points is a non-trivial task and it is even possible for an operation to be linearised by the execution of other concurrent operations .	Instead , we show that the concrete program is a refinement of some coarse-grained abstraction .	The linearisation points in the abstraction are straightforward to identify and the linearisability proof itself is simpler due to the coarse granularity of its atomic statements .
+3	Then , we consider the limit when the cache size and the arrival rate go to infinity proportionally , and use the integral formula to derive an asymptotic expansion of the miss probability in powers of the inverse of the cache size .	The aim of the paper is to evaluate the miss probability of a Least Recently Used ( LRU ) cache , when it is offered a non-stationary request process given by a Poisson cluster point process .	First , we construct a probability space using Palm theory , describing how to consider a tagged document with respect to the rest of the request process .	This framework allows us to derive a general integral formula for the expected number of misses of the tagged document .	This enables us to quantify and improve the accuracy of the so-called Che approximation .
+0	We examine the effects of stellar feedback and bursty star formation on low-mass galaxies ( $ M_ { \rm star } =2\times10^6-5\times10^ { 10 } { \rm M_ { \odot } } $ ) using the FIRE ( Feedback in Realistic Environments ) simulations .	While previous studies emphasized the impact of feedback on dark matter profiles , we investigate the impact on the stellar component : kinematics , radial migration , size evolution , and population gradients .	Feedback-driven outflows/inflows drive significant radial stellar migration over both short and long timescales via two processes : ( 1 ) outflowing/infalling gas can remain star-forming , producing young stars that migrate $ \sim1 { \rm\ , kpc } $ within their first $ 100 { \rm\ , Myr } $ , and ( 2 ) gas outflows/inflows drive strong fluctuations in the global potential , transferring energy to all stars .	These processes produce several dramatic effects .	First , galaxies ' effective radii can fluctuate by factors of $ & gt ; 2 $ over $ \sim200 { \rm\ , Myr } $ , and these rapid size fluctuations can account for much of the observed scatter in radius at fixed $ M_ { \rm star } . $ Second , the cumulative effects of many outflow/infall episodes steadily heat stellar orbits , causing old stars to migrate outward most strongly .
+1	These mechanisms all involve a resonance near the threshold for a pair of dark matter particles .	The dark matter annihilation rate at small relative velocities can be amplified by a large boost factor using various mechanisms , including Sommerfeld enhancement , resonance enhancement , and Breit-Wigner enhancement .	We point out that if the resonance is in the S-wave channel , the mechanisms are equivalent sufficiently near the resonance and they are constrained by universal two-body physics .	The amplified annihilation rate requires a corresponding amplification of the elastic scattering cross section .	If the resonance is a bound state below the threshold , it has an increased lifetime that is inversely proportional to the square root of the binding energy .
+2	This effect may change the distribution function of voids hence affect predictions on the differences between modified gravity and GR .	We revisit the excursion set approach to calculate void abundances in chameleon-type modified gravity theories , which was previously studied by Clampitt , Cai and Li ( 2013 ) .	We focus on properly accounting for the void-in-cloud effect , i.e. , the growth of those voids sitting in over-dense regions may be restricted by the evolution of their surroundings .	We show that the thin-shell approximation usually used to calculate the fifth force is qualitatively good but quantitatively inaccurate .	Therefore , it is necessary to numerically solve the fifth force in both over-dense and under-dense regions .
+1	dialyzed against an electrolyte solution using the cell model and linear Poisson-Boltzmann ( PB ) theory .	We study theoretically the osmotic pressure of a suspension of charged objects ( e.g. , colloids , polyelectrolytes , clay platelets , etc . )	From the volume derivative of the grand potential functional of linear theory we obtain two novel expressions for the osmotic pressure in terms of the potential- or ion-profiles , neither of which coincides with the expression known from nonlinear PB theory , namely , the density of microions at the cell boundary .	We show that the range of validity of linearization depends strongly on the linearization point and proof that expansion about the selfconsistently determined average potential is optimal in several respects .	For instance , screening inside the suspension is automatically described by the actual ionic strength , resulting in the correct asymptotics at high colloid concentration .
+2	In the first part of this paper we present the dual string-theory counterpart of this relation , to all orders in lambda^ ( -1/2 ) expansion .	An important `` observable '' of planar N=4 SYM theory is the scaling function f ( lambda ) that appears in the anomalous dimension of large spin twist 2 operators and also in the cusp anomaly of light-like Wilson loops .	The non-trivial relation between the anomalous dimension and the Wilson interpretations of f ( lambda ) is well-understood on the perturbative gauge theory side of the AdS/CFT duality .	As a check , we explicitly compute the leading 1-loop string sigma model correction to the cusp Wilson loop , reproducing the same subleading coefficient in f ( lambda ) as found earlier in the spinning closed string case .	The same function f ( lambda ) appears also in the resummed form of the 4-gluon amplitude as discussed at weak coupling by Bern , Dixon and Smirnov and recently found at the leading order at strong coupling by Alday and Maldacena ( AM ) .
+0	We report on spectral and timing analysis of BeppoSAX data of the 13.6 s period transient X-ray pulsar EXO 0531-6609.2 .	Observations were carried out in March 1997 and October 1998 , catching the source during a high and a low emission state , respectively .	Correspondingly , the X-ray luminosity is found at a level of 4.2x10^37 erg/s and 1.5x10^36 erg/s in the two states .	In the high state the X-ray emission in the energy range 1-100 keV is well fitted by an absorbed power-law with photon index Gamma ~1.7 plus a blackbody component with a characteristic temperature of ~3.5 keV .	Moreover , we find an evidence of an iron emission at ~6.8 keV , typical feature in this class of sources but never revealed before in the EXO 0531-6609.2 spectrum .
+1	We study the Klein-Gordon equation on a few toy examples ( `` educational toys '' ) of a space-time with variable special geometry , including a transition to a dimensional reduction .	We develop the recent proposal to use dimensional reduction from the four-dimensional space-time D= ( 1+3 ) to the variant with a smaller number of space dimensions D= ( 1+d ) , d & lt ; 3 , at sufficiently small distances to construct a renormalizable quantum field theory .	The examples considered contain a combination of two regions with a simple geometry ( two-dimensional cylindrical surfaces with different radii ) connected by a transition region .	The new technique of transforming the study of solutions of the Klein-Gordon problem on a space with variable geometry into solution of a one-dimensional stationary Schr\ '' odinger-type equation with potential generated by this variation is useful .	We draw the following conclusions : ( 1 ) The signal related to the degree of freedom specific to the higher-dimensional part does not penetrate into the smaller-dimensional part because of an inertial force inevitably arising in the transition region ( this is the centrifugal force in our models ) .
+2	Here we show that , in contrast to this canonical situation , there can be quantum oscillations even for band insulators of certain types .	The de Haas-van Alphen effect ( dHvAe ) , describing oscillations of the magnetization as a function of magnetic field , is commonly assumed to be a definite sign for the presence of a Fermi surface ( FS ) .	Indeed , the effect forms the basis of a well-established experimental procedure for accurately measuring FS topology and geometry of metallic systems , with parameters commonly extracted by fitting to the Lifshitz-Kosevich ( LK ) theory based on Fermi liquid theory .	We provide simple analytic formulas describing the temperature dependence of the quantum oscillations in this setting , showing strong deviations from LK theory .	We draw connections to recent experiments and discuss how our results can be used in future experiments to accurately determine e.g.hybridization gaps in heavy fermion systems .
+1	This implies the existence of an inverse effect , in which the conductivity in such structures should depend on the magnetization orientation .	The spin-orbit interaction in heavy metal/ferromagnet/oxide structures has been extensively investigated because it can be employed in manipulation of the magnetization direction by in-plane current .	In this work , we report a systematic study of the magnetoresistance ( MR ) of the W/CoFeB/MgO structures and its correlation to the current-induced torque to the magnetization .	We observe that the MR is independent of the angle between magnetization and current direction , but is determined by the relative magnetization orientation with respect to the spin direction accumulated by spin Hall effect , which is the same symmetry of so-called spin Hall magnetoresistance .	The MR of ~1 % in W/CoFeB/MgO samples is considerably larger than those in other structures of Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx , which indicates a larger spin Hall angle of W. Moreover , the similar W thickness dependence of the MR and the current-induced magnetization switching efficiency demonstrates that they share the same underlying physics , which allows one to utilize the MR in non-magnet/ferromagnet structure in order to understand closely related other spin-orbit coupling effects such as inverse spin Hall effect , spin-orbit spin transfer torques , etc .
+1	We have found that , when emerging at the liquid-solid interface , a grain boundary makes a groove whose dihedral angle $ 2\theta $ is non-zero .	We have observed boundaries between hcp $ ^4 $ He crystal grains in equilibrium with liquid $ ^4 $ He .	This measurement shows that grain boundaries are not completely wet by the liquid phase , in agreement with recent Monte Carlo simulations .	Depending on the value of $ \theta $ , the contact line of a grain boundary with a solid wall may be wet by the liquid .	In this case , the line is a thin channel with a curved triangular cross section , whose measured width agrees with predictions from a simple model .
+3	We suggest a way to construct some related twisted varieties looking like orbits of semisimple elements in sl ( n ) ^* .	To a vector space V equipped with a non-quasiclassical involutary solution of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation and a partition $ \lambda $ , we associate a vector space $ \Vl $ and compute its dimension .	The functor $ V\mapsto \Vl $ is an analogue of the well-known Schur functor .	The category generated by the objects $ \Vl $ is called the Schur-Weyl category .	We consider in detail a particular case of such `` twisted orbits '' , namely the twisted non-quasiclassical hyperboloid and we define the twisted Casimir operator on it .
+3	A spectroscopic determination of the Boltzmann constant with an uncertainty as low as 37 ppm is obtained .	In this paper , we present the latest results on the measurement of the Boltzmann constant kB , by laser spectroscopy of ammonia at 10 ? m .	The Doppler absorption profile of a ro-vibrational line of an NH3 gas sample at thermal and pressure equilibrium is measured as accurately as possible .	The absorption cell is placed inside a large 1m3 thermostat filled with an ice-water mixture , which sets the temperature very close to 273.15 K. Analysing this profile , which is related to the Maxwell-Boltzmann molecular speed distribution , leads to a determination of the Boltzmann constant via a measurement of the Doppler width ( proportional tosqrt ( kBT ) ) .	Recent improvements with a new passive thermostat lead to a temperature accuracy , stability and homogeneity of the absorption cell better than 1 ppm over a day .
+2	A single gene with only positive transcriptional feedback does not produce oscillations .	Negative and positive transcriptional feedback loops are present in natural and synthetic genetic oscillators .	A single gene with negative transcriptional feedback needs a time delay and sufficiently strong nonlinearity in the transmission of the feedback signal in order to produce biochemical rhythms .	Here , we demonstrate that this single-gene network in conjunction with a simple negative interaction can also easily produce rhythms .	We examine a model comprised of two well-differentiated parts .
+3	In particular , we discuss the status of the proposal for 2 and 3 charge black holes in the D1-D5 system , presenting new derivations and streamlining the discussion of their properties .	The fuzzball proposal states that associated with a black hole of entropy S there are exp S horizon-free non-singular solutions that asymptotically look like the black hole but generically differ from the black hole up to the horizon scale .	These solutions , the fuzzballs , are considered to be the black hole microstates while the original black hole represents the average description of the system .	The purpose of this report is to review current evidence for the fuzzball proposal , emphasizing the use of AdS/CFT methods in developing and testing the proposal .	Results to date support the fuzzball proposal but further progress is likely to require going beyond the supergravity approximation and sharpening the definition of a `` stringy fuzzball '' .
+2	We present new Keck ( LRIS ) and Spitzer Space Telescope ( IRAC ) observations of the z=10 candidate ( hereafter # 1916 ) together with a re-analysis of archival optical and near-infrared imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope and VLT respectively .	Gravitational lensing by massive galaxy clusters is a powerful tool for the discovery and study of high redshift galaxies , including those at z & gt ; =6 likely responsible for cosmic re-ionization.Pello et al .	recently used this technique to discover a candidate gravitationally magnified galaxy at z=10 behind the massive cluster lens Abell 1835 ( z=0.25 ) .	Our analysis therefore extends from the atmospheric cut-off at lambda_obs=0.35um out to lambda_obs=5um with Spitzer/IRAC .	The z=10 galaxy is not detected in any of these data , including an independent reduction of Pello et al .
+0	Modern X-ray observatories yield unique insight into the astrophysical time domain .	Each X-ray photon can be assigned an arrival time , an energy and a sky position , yielding sensitive , energy-dependent light curves and enabling time-resolved spectra down to millisecond time-scales .	Combining those with multiple views of the same patch of sky ( e.g. , in the Chandra and XMM-Newton deep fields ) so as to extend variability studies over longer baselines , the spectral timing capacity of X-ray observatories then stretch over 10 orders of magnitude at spatial resolutions of arcseconds , and 13 orders of magnitude at spatial resolutions of a degree .	A wealth of high-energy time-domain data already exists , and indicates variability on timescales ranging from microseconds to years in a wide variety of objects , including numerous classes of AGN , high-energy phenomena at the Galactic centre , Galactic and extra-Galactic X-ray binaries , supernovae , gamma-ray bursts , stellar flares , tidal disruption flares , and as-yet unknown X-ray variables .	This workshop explored the potential of strategic X-ray surveys to probe a broad range of astrophysical sources and phenomena .
+3	Such an event can be viewed as the final step in a multi-stage model of carcinogenesis .	A recently proposed single progenitor cell model for skin cell proliferation [ Clayton et al. , Nature v446 , 185 ( 2007 ) ] is extended to incorporate homeostasis as a fixed point of the dynamics .	Unlimited cell proliferation in such a model can be viewed as a paradigm for the onset of cancer .	A novel way in which this can arise is if the homeostatic fixed point becomes metastable , so that the cell populations can escape from the homeostatic basin of attraction by a large but rare stochastic fluctuation .	This offers a possible explanation for the peculiar epidemiology of lung cancer in ex-smokers .
+2	In this paper , we demonstrate that the touch from a warm and soft rubber hand can be perceived by another person as if the touch were coming from a human hand .	To touch and be touched are vital to human development , well being , and relationships .	However , to those who have lost their arms and hands due to accident or war , touching becomes a serious concern that often leads to psychosocial issues and social stigma .	We describe a three step process toward this goal .	First , we made participants select artificial skin samples according to their preferred warmth and softness characteristics .
+0	Recent advances in the understanding of spin orbital effects in ultrathin magnetic heterostructures have opened new paradigms to control magnetic moments electrically .	The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction ( DMI ) is said to play a key role in forming a Neel-type domain wall that can be driven by the spin Hall torque , a torque resulting from the spin current generated in a neighboring non-magnetic layer via the spin Hall effect .	Here we show that the sign of the DMI , which determines the direction to which a domain wall moves with current , can be changed by modifying the adjacent non-magnetic layer .	We find that the sense of rotation of a domain wall spiral is reversed when the Ta underlayer is doped with nitrogen in Ta|CoFeB|MgO heterostructures .	The spin Hall angle of the Ta and nitrogen doped Ta underlayers carry the same sign , suggesting that the sign of the DMI is defined at the interface .
+0	We describe two related experiments that measured the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) .	QMAP was a balloon-borne telescope that flew twice in 1996 , collecting data on degree angular scales with an array of six high electron mobility transistor-based amplifiers ( HEMTs ) .	QMAP was the first experiment to use an interlocking scan strategy to directly produce high signal-to-noise CMB maps .	The QMAP gondola was then refit for ground based work as the MAT/TOCO experiment .	Observations were made from 5200 m on Cerro Toco in Northern Chile in 1997 and 1998 using time-domain beam synthesis .
+0	An optical light curve of SU UMa type dwarf nova V1504 Cyg taken by Kepler was analysed in order to study fast optical variability ( flickering ) .	We calculated power density spectra and rms-flux relations for two different stages of activity , i.e.quiescence and regular outbursts .	A multicomponent power density spectrum with two break frequencies was found during both activity stages .	The rms-flux relation is obvious only in the quiescent data .	However , while the collection of all outburst data do not show this variability , every individual outburst does show it in the majority of cases keeping the rms value approximately in the same interval .
+3	We develop likelihood-based inference for the model , and provide computational algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation .	Models of dynamic networks -- - networks that evolve over time -- - have manifold applications .	We develop a discrete-time generative model for social network evolution that inherits the richness and flexibility of the class of exponential-family random graph models .	The model -- - a Separable Temporal ERGM ( STERGM ) -- - facilitates separable modeling of the tie duration distributions and the structural dynamics of tie formation .	We illustrate the interpretability of the model in analyzing a longitudinal network of friendship ties within a school .
+4	We show that the center of a finite dimensional graded division algebra is often symmetric .	We study graded symmetric algebras , which are the symmetric monoids in the monoidal category of vector spaces graded by a group .	We show that a finite dimensional graded division algebra whose dimension is not divisible by the characteristic of the base field is graded symmetric .	Using the structure of graded simple ( semisimple ) algebras , we extend the results to these classes .	In particular , in characteristic zero any graded semisimple algebra is graded symmetric .
+0	A microscopic Hamiltonian theory of the FQHE developed by Shankar and the present author based on the fermionic Chern-Simons approach has recently been quite successful in calculating gaps and finite tempertature properties in Fractional Quantum Hall states .	Initially proposed as a small- $ q $ theory , it was subsequently extended by Shankar to form an algebraically consistent theory for all $ q $ in the lowest Landau level .	Such a theory is amenable to a conserving approximation in which the constraints have vanishing correlators and decouple from physical response functions .	Properties of the incompressible fractions are explored in this conserving approximation , including the magnetoexciton dispersions and the evolution of the small- $ q $ structure factor as $ \nu\to\half $ .	Finally , a formalism capable of dealing with a nonuniform ground state charge density is developed and used to show how the correct fractional value of the quasiparticle charge emerges from the theory .
+2	We have also collated from the literature a list of DLAS for which 21cm observations exist , and discuss their implications for the nature of the absorbers .	We present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope HI 21cm absorption observations , of candidate and confirmed damped Lyman- $ \alpha $ systems ( DLAS ) .	The derived spin temperatures ( T_s ) are in all cases $ \sim 1000 $ K or higher .	A cross-comparison of the 21cm profiles with low ionization metal profiles shows that the 21cm absorption coincides in velocity with the deepest metal line feature .	This is consistent with models in which the deep metal line features arise from discrete clouds but not with models where the deepest features are the result of velocity crowding .
+0	The two Higgs doublet model ( THDM ) is a simple extension of the standard model , which can provide a low energy effective description of more fundamental theories .	The model contains additional Higgs bosons , and predicts rich phenomenology especially due to the variation of Yukawa interactions .	Under imposing a softly broken discrete symmetry , there are four independent types of Yukawa interactions in THDMs .	In this review , we briefly summarize bounds from current experimental data on THDMs and implications at future collider experiments .	We pay special attention to the collider phenomenology of the Type-X ( lepton specific ) THDM , and also discuss recent progress for $ \tan\beta $ determination in THDMs .
+4	The magnetic behavior of these devices is also very peculiar .	Nanorings asymmetrically connected to wires show different kinds of quantum interference phenomena under sudden excitations and in steady current conditions .	Here we contrast the transient current caused by an abrupt bias to the magnetic effects at constant current .	A repulsive impurity can cause charge build-up in one of the arms and reverse current spikes .	Moreover , it can cause transitions from laminar current flow to vortices , and also change the chirality of the vortex .
+2	For $ i & gt ; 1 $ , pick a point to be the $ i^ { th } $ center with probability proportional to the square of the Euclidean distance of this point to the closest previously $ ( i-1 ) $ chosen centers .	The k-means++ seeding algorithm is one of the most popular algorithms that is used for finding the initial $ k $ centers when using the k-means heuristic .	The algorithm is a simple sampling procedure and can be described as follows : Pick the first center randomly from the given points .	The k-means++ seeding algorithm is not only simple and fast but also gives an $ O ( \log { k } ) $ approximation in expectation as shown by Arthur and Vassilvitskii .	There are datasets on which this seeding algorithm gives an approximation factor of $ \Omega ( \log { k } ) $ in expectation .
+4	This paper proposes a novel decentralized EXact firsT-ordeR Algorithm ( abbreviated as EXTRA ) to solve the consensus optimization problem .	Recently , there have been growing interests in solving consensus optimization problems in a multi-agent network .	In this paper , we develop a decentralized algorithm for the consensus optimization problem $ $ \min\limits_ { x\in\mathbb { R } ^p } ~\bar { f } ( x ) =\frac { 1 } { n } \sum\limits_ { i=1 } ^n f_i ( x ) , $ $ which is defined over a connected network of $ n $ agents , where each function $ f_i $ is held privately by agent $ i $ and encodes the agent 's data and objective .	All the agents shall collaboratively find the minimizer while each agent can only communicate with its neighbors .	Such a computation scheme avoids a data fusion center or long-distance communication and offers better load balance to the network .
+1	The concept relies on the recent results in auditory neuroscience showing a possibility to differentiate early anterior contralateral responses to attended spatial sources .	The paper presents our recent results obtained with a new auditory spatial localization based BCI paradigm in which the ERP shape differences at early latencies are employed to enhance the traditional P300 responses in an oddball experimental setting .	Contemporary stimuli-driven BCI paradigms benefit mostly from the P300 ERP latencies in so called `` aha-response '' settings .	We show the further enhancement of the classification results in spatial auditory paradigms by incorporating the N200 latencies , which differentiate the brain responses to lateral , in relation to the subject head , sound locations in the auditory space .	The results reveal that those early spatial auditory ERPs boost online classification results of the BCI application .
+0	The possibility of wetting phase transitions in Bose-Einstein condensed gases is predicted on the basis of Gross-Pitaevskii theory .	The surface of a binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates can undergo a first-order wetting phase transition upon varying the interparticle interactions , using , e.g. , Feshbach resonances .	Interesting ultralow-temperature effects shape the wetting phase diagram .	The prewetting transition is , contrary to general expectations , not of first order but critical , and the prewetting line does not meet the bulk phase coexistence line tangentially .	Experimental verification of these extraordinary results is called for , especially now that it has become possible , using optical methods , to realize a planar `` hard wall '' boundary for the condensates .
+1	We prove that $ m^* ( n ) =\Omega ( 4^n/\ln^2 ( n ) ) $ .	Let $ m^* ( n ) $ be the minimum number of edges in an $ n $ -uniform simple hypergraph that is not two colorable .	Our result generalizes to $ r $ -coloring of $ b $ -simple uniform hypergraphs .	For fixed $ r $ and $ b $ we prove that a maximum vertex degree in $ b $ -simple $ n $ -uniform hypergraph that is not $ r $ -colorable must be $ \Omega ( r^n /\ln ( n ) ) $ .	By trimming arguments it implies that every such graph has $ \Omega ( ( r^n /\ln ( n ) ) ^ { b+1/b } ) $ edges .
+0	A symmetrical model of color vision , the decoding model as a new version of zone model , was introduced .	The model adopts new continuous-valued logic and works in a way very similar to the way a 3-8 decoder in a numerical circuit works .	By the decoding model , Young and Helmholtz 's tri-pigment theory and Hering 's opponent theory are unified more naturally ; opponent process , color evolution , and color blindness are illustrated more concisely .	According to the decoding model , we can obtain a transform from RGB system to HSV system , which is formally identical to the popular transform for computer graphics provided by Smith ( 1978 ) .	Advantages , problems , and physiological tests of the decoding model are also discussed .
+0	Given a degenerate $ ( n+1 ) $ -simplex in a $ d $ -dimensional space $ M^d $ ( Euclidean , spherical or hyperbolic space , and $ d\geq n $ ) , for each $ k $ , $ 1\leq k\leq n $ , Radon 's theorem induces a partition of the $ k $ -faces into two sets .	We prove that under any sufficiently small continuous motion in $ M^n $ , if the volumes of the $ k $ -faces in one set are constrained not to decrease while in the other set not to increase , then the motion preserves the volumes of all the $ k $ -faces ; and this property still holds in $ M^d $ for $ d\geq n+1 $ if an invariant $ c_ { k-1 } $ of the degenerate simplex has the desired sign .	The proof relies on an invariant $ c_ { \omega } $ we discovered for any $ k $ -stress $ \omega $ on a cell complex realized in $ M^d $ .	We introduce a characteristic polynomial of the degenerate simplex by defining $ f ( x ) =\sum_ { i=0 } ^ { n+1 } ( -1 ) ^ { i } c_ { i } x^ { n+1-i } $ .	For the Euclidean case , we prove that the roots of $ f ( x ) $ are real , and some evidence suggests the same conjecture for the hyperbolic case .
+3	The results reveal an interesting dichotomy , with crucially different behavior for $ \alpha & gt ; 1 $ and $ \alpha & lt ; 1 $ , respectively .	In this paper we study the Markov-modulated M/M/ $ \infty $ queue , with a focus on the correlation structure of the number of jobs in the system .	The main results describe the system 's asymptotic behavior under a particular scaling of the model parameters in terms of a functional central limit theorem .	More specifically , relying on the martingale central limit theorem , this result is established , covering the situation in which the arrival rates are sped up by a factor $ N $ and the transition rates of the background process by $ N^\alpha $ , for some $ \alpha & gt ; 0 $ .	The limiting Gaussian process , which is of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type , is explicitly identified , and it is shown to be in accordance with explicit results on the mean , variances and covariances of the number of jobs in the system .
+3	According to these solar evolution models , the closest encounter of planet Earth with the solar cool giant photosphere will occur during the tip-RGB phase .	We revisit the distant future of the Sun and the solar system , based on stellar models computed with a thoroughly tested evolution code .	For the solar giant stages , mass-loss by the cool ( but not dust-driven ) wind is considered in detail .	Using the new and well-calibrated mass-loss formula of Schroder & amp ; Cuntz ( 2005 , 2007 ) , we find that the mass lost by the Sun as an RGB giant ( 0.332 M_Sun , 7.59 Gy from now ) potentially gives planet Earth a significant orbital expansion , inversely proportional to the remaining solar mass .	During this critical episode , for each time-step of the evolution model , we consider the loss of orbital angular momentum suffered by planet Earth from tidal interaction with the giant Sun , as well as dynamical drag in the lower chromosphere .
+2	Our 3D flare model , developed with the OHM code , suggests that these current ribbons , which develop at the location of EUV brightenings seen with AIA imagery , are driven by the collapse of the flare 's coronal current layer .	We present for the first time the evolution of the photospheric electric currents during an eruptive X-class flare , accurately predicted by the standard 3D flare model .	We analyze this evolution for the February 15 , 2011 flare using HMI/SDO magnetic observations and find that localized currents in \J-shaped ribbons increase to double their pre-flare intensity .	These findings of increased currents restricted in localized ribbons are consistent with the overall free energy decrease during a flare , and the shape of these ribbons also give an indication on how much twisted the erupting flux rope is .	Finally , this study further enhances the close correspondence obtained between the theoretical predictions of the standard 3D model and flare observations indicating that the main key physical elements are incorporated in the model .
+3	The effect is mainly in the right-handed b quark coupling , the left-handed coupling being consistent ( at the 2 $ \sigma $ level ) with the Standard Model prediction .	A model independent analysis has been performed on the LEP and SLD data on Z decays .	Using only very weak theoretical assumptions , the effective vector and axial-vector couplings of leptons , c quarks and b quarks have been extracted .	Although the lepton and c quark couplings agree well with Standard Model predictions , those of the b quark show deviations of more than three standard deviations .	The probability that the observed deviations of all the measured effective couplings are statistical fluctuations from lepton universality and the Standard Model is estimated to be 0.9 % .
+3	0CFA is complete for polynomial time .	This dissertation proves lower bounds on the inherent difficulty of deciding flow analysis problems in higher-order programming languages .	We give exact characterizations of the computational complexity of 0CFA , the $ k $ CFA hierarchy , and related analyses .	In each case , we precisely capture both the expressiveness and feasibility of the analysis , identifying the elements responsible for the trade-off .	This result relies on the insight that when a program is linear ( each bound variable occurs exactly once ) , the analysis makes no approximation ; abstract and concrete interpretation coincide , and therefore pro- gram analysis becomes evaluation under another guise .
+0	The VERITAS array of Cherenkov telescopes has carried out a deep observational program on the nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxy Segue 1 .	We report on the results of nearly 48 hours of good quality selected data , taken between January 2010 and May 2011 .	No significant $ \gamma $ -ray emission is detected at the nominal position of Segue 1 , and upper limits on the integrated flux are derived .	According to recent studies , Segue 1 is the most dark matter-dominated dwarf spheroidal galaxy currently known .	We derive stringent bounds on various annihilating and decaying dark matter particle models .
+3	Since $ \Pi_3 ( \mathbb { C } P^1 ) =\mathbb { Z } $ then for $ N=1 $ the term becomes integer .	The $ \mathbb { C } P^N $ extended Skyrme-Faddeev model possesses planar soliton solutions .	We consider quantum aspects of the solutions applying collective coordinate quantization in regime of rigid body approximation .	In order to discuss statistical properties of the solutions we include an abelian Chern-Simons term ( the Hopf term ) in the Lagrangian .	On the other hand for $ N & gt ; 1 $ it became perturbative because $ \Pi_3 ( \mathbb { C } P^N ) $ is trivial .
+0	We introduce a new random group model called the square model : we quotient a free group on $ n $ generators by a random set of relations , each of which is a reduced word of length four .	We prove , as in the Gromov density model , that for densities $ & gt ; \frac { 1 } { 2 } $ a random group in the square model is trivial with overwhelming probability and for densities $ & lt ; \frac { 1 } { 2 } $ a random group is with overwhelming probability hyperbolic .	Moreover we show that for densities $ \frac { 1 } { 4 } & lt ; d & lt ; \frac { 1 } { 3 } $ a random group in the square model does not have Property ( T ) .	Inspired by the results for the triangular model we prove that for densities $ & lt ; \frac { 1 } { 4 } $ in the square model , a random group is free with overwhelming probability .	We also introduce abstract diagrams with fixed edges and prove a generalization of the isoperimetric inequality .
+0	In the linear moose framework , which naturally emerges in deconstruction models , we show that there is a unique solution for the vanishing of the $ S $ parameter at the lowest order in the weak interactions .	We consider an effective gauge theory based on $ K $ SU ( 2 ) gauge groups , $ K+1 $ chiral fields and electroweak groups $ SU ( 2 ) _L $ and $ U ( 1 ) _Y $ at the ends of the chain of the moose .	$ S $ vanishes when a link in the moose chain is cut .	As a consequence one has to introduce a dynamical non local field connecting the two ends of the moose .	Then the model acquires an additional custodial symmetry which protects this result .
+0	We use the statistics of regions above or below a temperature threshold ( excursion sets ) to study the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) anisotropy in models with primordial non-Gaussianity of the local type .	By computing the full-sky spatial distribution and clustering of pixels above/below threshold from a large set of simulated maps with different levels of non-Gaussianity , we find that a positive value of the dimensionless non-linearity parameter f_NL enhances the number density of the cold CMB excursion sets along with their clustering strength , and reduces that of the hot ones .	We quantify the robustness of this effect , which may be important to discriminate between the simpler Gaussian hypothesis and non-Gaussian scenarios , arising either from non-standard inflation or alternative early-universe models .	The clustering of hot and cold pixels exhibits distinct non-Gaussian signatures , particularly at angular scales of about 75 arcmin ( i.e.around the Doppler peak ) , which increase linearly with f_NL .	Moreover , the clustering changes strongly as a function of the smoothing angle .
+4	In addition , we show that , within a class of measures with suitable support properties , consistency with singletons implies consistency with the full specification .	We state a construction theorem for specifications starting from single-site conditional probabilities ( singleton part ) .	We consider general single-site spaces and kernels that are absolutely continuous with respect to a chosen product measure ( free measure ) .	Under a natural order-consistency assumption and weak non-nullness requirements we show existence and uniqueness of the specification extending the given singleton part .	We determine conditions granting the continuity of the specification .
+3	We conjecture that these multiplicities are equal to the number of certain pattern avoiding permutations .	We determine explicitly the maximal dominant weights for the integrable highest weight $ \hat { sl } ( n ) $ -modules $ V ( ( k-1 ) \Lambda_0 + \Lambda_s ) $ , $ 0 \leq s \leq n-1 $ , $ k \geq 2 $ .	We give a conjecture for the number of maximal dominant weights of $ V ( k\Lambda_0 ) $ and prove it in some low rank cases .	We give an explicit formula in terms of lattice paths for the multiplicities of a family of maximal dominant weights of $ V ( k\Lambda_0 ) $ .	We prove that the conjecture holds for $ k=2 $ and give computational evidence for the validity of this conjecture for $ k & gt ; 2 $ .
+3	These results strengthen and extend the validity of the results obtained by Allen and collaborators for 9 radio galaxies , indicating that hot gas accretion is the dominant process in FR I radio galaxies across their full range of radio-luminosity .	We study a sample of 44 low-luminosity radio-loud AGN , which represent a range of nuclear radio-power spanning 5 orders of magnitude , to unveil the accretion mechanism in these galaxies .	We estimate the accretion rate of gas associated with their hot coronae by analyzing archival Chandra data , to derive the deprojected density and temperature profiles in a spherical approximation .	Measuring the jet power from the nuclear radio-luminosity , we find that the accretion power correlates linearly with the jet power , with an efficiency of conversion from rest mass into jet power of ~0.012 .	We find that the different levels of nuclear activity are driven by global differences in the structure of the galactic hot coronae .
+2	Here we suggest a set of data complexity measures using universal approximators , principal cubic complexes .	How to measure the complexity of a finite set of vectors embedded in a multidimensional space ?	This is a non-trivial question which can be approached in many different ways .	Principal cubic complexes generalise the notion of principal manifolds for datasets with non-trivial topologies .	The type of the principal cubic complex is determined by its dimension and a grammar of elementary graph transformations .
+3	As an application of this scenario we take advantage of the fact that the decoupling evidently not obeys 2-3 generation exchange symmetry .	Supersymmetry broken by anomaly mediation suffers from tachyonic slepton masses .	A possible solution to this problem results in `` decoupling '' , i.e. , the first two generations of sfermions are much heavier than the third one .	We note that in this scenario a sizable loop-induced contribution to the neutrino mass matrix results .	In the neutrino sector , this 2-3 symmetry ( or mu-tau symmetry ) is a useful Ansatz to generate zero theta_ { 13 } and maximal theta_ { 23 } .
+3	Percolation is said to occur if every vertex is eventually infected .	Bootstrap percolation is a type of cellular automaton which has been used to model various physical phenomena , such as ferromagnetism .	For each natural number $ r $ , the $ r $ -neighbour bootstrap process is an update rule for vertices of a graph in one of two states : `infected ' or `healthy ' .	In consecutive rounds , each healthy vertex with at least $ r $ infected neighbours becomes itself infected .	Usually , the starting set of infected vertices is chosen at random , with all vertices initially infected independently with probability $ p $ .
+1	We show that this provides a new perspective on the use of doubly-infinite or semi-infinite time axes for signal spaces in control theory .	The purpose of this paper is to highlight the central role that the time asymmetry of stability plays in feedback control .	We then focus on the implication of this time asymmetry in modeling uncertainty , regulation and robust control .	We point out that modeling uncertainty and the ease of control depend critically on the direction of time .	We also discuss the relationship of this control-based time-arrow with the well known arrows of time in physics .
+3	In at least three settings N ( f_1 , f_2 ) turns out to coincide with MCC ( f_1 , f_2 ) : ( i ) when m & lt ; 2n - 2 ; ( ii ) when N is the unit circle ; and ( iii ) when M and N are spheres and a certain injectivity condition involving James-Hopf invariants is satisfied .	Given two maps f_1 , f_2 : M^m \longrightarrow N^n between manifolds of the indicated arbitrary dimensions , when can they be deformed away from one another ?	More generally : what is the minimum number MCC ( f_1 , f_2 ) of pathcomponents of the coincidence space of maps f'_1 , f'_2 where f'_i is homotopic to f_i , i = 1 , 2 ?	Approaching this question via normal bordism theory we define a lower bound N ( f_1 , f_2 ) which generalizes the Nielsen number studied in classical fixed point and coincidence theory ( where m = n ) .	We also exhibit situations where N ( f_1 , f_2 ) vanishes , but MCC ( f_1 , f_2 ) is strictly positive .
+4	They provide a dual representation of the same physical object , the vorticity .	The ideal incompressible fluid in two dimensions ( Euler fluid ) evolves at relaxation from turbulent states to highly coherent states of flow .	For the case of double spatial periodicity and zero total vorticity it is known that the streamfunction verifies the \emph { sinh } -Poisson equation .	These exceptional states can only be identified in a description based on the extremum of an action functional .	Starting from the discrete model of interacting point-like vortices it was possible to write a Lagrangian in terms of a matter function and a gauge potential .
+0	Increasing GPS precision at low cost has always been a challenge for the manufacturers of the GPS receivers .	This paper proposes the use of a Wiener filter for increasing precision in substitution of traditional GPS/INS fusion systems , which require expensive inertial systems .	In this paper , we first implement and compare three GPS signal processing schemes : a Kalman filter , a neural network and a Wiener filter and compare them in terms of precision and the processing time .	To further reduce the processing time of Wiener filter , we propose parallel and reduced-length implementations .	Finally , we calculate the sampling frequency that would be required in every Wiener scheme in order to obtain the same total processing time as the Kalman filter and the neural network .
+2	Sorting the electron energy spectra by the number of coincident neutrons permits the identification of the neutrino type that induced the reaction .	Neutrino interactions with lead produce neutrons in numbers that depend on neutrino energy and type .	A detector based on lead perchlorate , for example , would be able to measure the energy deposited by electrons and gammas in coincidence with the number of neutrons produced .	This separation allows an analysis which can determine the temperatures of electron neutrinos and electron anti-neutrinos from a supernova in one experiment .	The neutrino reaction signatures of lead perchlorate and the fundamentals of using this material as a neutrino detector are described .
+1	Two plateaux of magnetization $ m $ are found at $ m=0 $ and 1/4 % .	The ground-state properties of a spin $ S=1/2 $ tetrameric Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain with alternating couplings AF $ _ { 1 } $ -AF $ _ { 2 } $ -AF $ _ { 1 } $ % -F ( AF and F denote antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic couplings , respectively ) are studied by means of the density matrix renormalization group method .	It is shown that in such a spin-1/2 AF system , there is a gap from the singlet ground state to the triplet excited states in the absence of a magnetic field .	The spin-spin correlation function decays exponentially , and the gapped states have a nonvanishing string order , which measures a hidden symmetry in the system .	By a dual transformation , the string order is transformed into a ferromagnetic order and the hidden symmetry is unveiled to be a $ Z_ { 2 } \times Z_ { 2 } $ discrete symmetry , which is fully broken in the gapped states .
+1	The model couples a non-local fourth-order equation for the elastic plate deflection to the harmonic electrostatic potential in the free domain between the elastic and the ground plate .	A variational approach is employed to find stationary solutions to a free boundary problem modeling an idealized electrostatically actuated MEMS device made of an elastic plate coated with a thin dielectric film and suspended above a rigid ground plate .	The corresponding energy is non-coercive reflecting an inherent singularity related to a possible touchdown of the elastic plate .	Stationary solutions are constructed using a constrained minimization problem .	A by-product is the existence of at least two stationary solutions for some values of the applied voltage .
+2	In order to determine $ J_ { \rm crit } $ reliably , we need to be able to accurately model the formation and destruction of H2 in gas illuminated by an extremely strong radiation field .	The direct collapse model for the formation of massive seed black holes in the early Universe attempts to explain the observed number density of supermassive black holes ( SMBHs ) at $ z \sim 6 $ by assuming that they grow from seeds with masses M & gt ; 10000 solar masses that form by the direct collapse of metal-free gas in atomic cooling halos in which H2 cooling is suppressed by a strong extragalactic radiation field .	The viability of this model depends on the strength of the radiation field required to suppress H2 cooling , $ J_ { \rm crit } $ : if this is too large , then too few seeds will form to explain the observed number density of SMBHs .	In this paper , we use a reaction-based reduction technique to analyze the chemistry of H2 in these conditions , allowing us to identify the key chemical reactions that are responsible for determining the value of $ J_ { \rm crit } $ .	We construct a reduced network of 26 reactions that allows us to determine $ J_ { \rm crit } $ accurately , and compare it with previous treatments in the literature .
+4	The hypercharge flux required to break SU ( 5 ) down to the SM does not affect the holomorphic Yukawas but does modify the profile of the wavefunctions , explaining the difference between the D-quark and lepton couplings at the unification scale .	Local SU ( 5 ) F-theory models lead naturally to Yukawa couplings for the third generation of quarks and leptons , but inducing Yukawas for the lighter generations has proven elusive .	Corrections coming from gauge fluxes fail to generate the required couplings , and naively the same applies to instanton effects .	We nevertheless revisit the effect of instantons in F-theory GUT constructions and find that contributions previously ignored in the literature induce the leading non-perturbative corrections to the Yukawa couplings .	We apply our results to the case of 10 x 5* x 5* couplings in local SU ( 5 ) F-theory GUTs , showing that non-perturbative effects naturally lead to hierarchical Yukawas .
+3	We show numerically that unbiasedness does not come at a cost of increased dispersion in models with a single instrument : in this case the unbiased estimator is less dispersed than the 2SLS estimator .	We derive mean-unbiased estimators for the structural parameter in instrumental variables models with a single endogenous regressor where the sign of one or more first stage coefficients is known .	In the case with a single instrument , there is a unique non-randomized unbiased estimator based on the reduced-form and first-stage regression estimates .	For cases with multiple instruments we propose a class of unbiased estimators and show that an estimator within this class is efficient when the instruments are strong .	Our finite-sample results apply to normal models with known variance for the reduced-form errors , and imply analogous results under weak instrument asymptotics with an unknown error distribution .
+1	The purpose of this paper is to show that any KdV solution leads effectively to a solution of the q-approximation of KdV .	Let KdV stand for the Nth Gelfand-Dickey reduction of the KP hierarchy .	Two different q-KdV approximations were proposed , one by Frenkel and a variation by Khesin et al .	We show there is a dictionary between the solutions of q-KP and the 1-Toda lattice equations , obeying some special requirement ; this is based on an algebra isomorphism between difference operators and D-operators , where $ Df ( x ) =f ( qx ) $ .	Therefore , every notion about the 1-Toda lattice can be transcribed into q-language .
+3	We demonstrate that the cross section for two-gluon production in heavy-light ion collisions contains a power-law infrared ( IR ) divergence even for fixed produced gluon momenta : while saturation effects in the target regulate some of the power-law IR-divergent terms in the lowest-order expression for the two-gluon correlator , other power-law IR-divergent terms remain , possibly due to absence of saturation effects in the dilute projectile .	We study the properties of the cross section for two-gluon production in heavy-light ion collisions derived in our previous paper on the subject in the saturation/Color Glass Condensate framework .	Concentrating on the energy and geometry dependence of the corresponding correlation functions we find that the two-gluon correlator is a much slower function of the center-of-mass energy than the one- and two-gluon production cross sections .	The geometry dependence of the correlation function leads to stronger azimuthal near- and away-side correlations in the tip-on-tip U+U collisions than in the side-on-side U+U collisions , an exactly opposite behavior from the correlations generated by the elliptic flow of the quark-gluon plasma : a study of azimuthal correlations in the U+U collisions may thus help to disentangle the two sources of correlations .	Finally we rewrite our result for the two-gluon production cross-section in a $ k_T $ -factorized form , obtaining a new factorized expression involving a convolution of one- and two-gluon Wigner distributions over both the transverse momenta and impact parameters .
+4	Actually , the inconsistency may be circumvented , if we assume that the appearance of a monopole induces an extra electric current .	We study magnetic monopoles in a Lorentz- and CPT-odd electrodynamical framework in ( 3+1 ) dimensions .	This is the standard Maxwell model extended by means of a Chern-Simons-like term , $ b_\mu\tilde { F } ^ { \mu\nu } A_\nu $ ( $ b_\mu $ constant ) , which respects gauge invariance but violates both Lorentz and CPT symmetries ( as a consequence , duality is also lost ) .	Our main interest concerns the analysis of the model in the presence of Dirac monopoles , so that the Bianchi identity no longer holds , which naively yields the non-conservation of electric charge .	Since gauge symmetry is respected , the issue of charge conservation is more involved .
+2	Japaridze 's treatment of IF logic , however , was purely semantical , and no deductive system was proposed .	Cirquent calculus is a new proof-theoretic and semantic approach introduced for the needs of computability logic by G.Japaridze , who also showed that , through cirquent calculus , one can capture , refine and generalize independence-friendly ( IF ) logic .	Specifically , the approach allows us to account for independence from propositional connectives in the same spirit as the traditional IF logic accounts for independence from quantifiers .	The present paper constructs a formal system sound and complete w.r.t .	the propositional fragment of Japaridze 's cirquent-based semantics for IF logic .
+3	This is in contrast to previous algorithms that use a functional norm to measure the size of gradients , which is independent from the data samples .	In this paper , we study the problem of sparse multiple kernel learning ( MKL ) , where the goal is to efficiently learn a combination of a fixed small number of kernels from a large pool that could lead to a kernel classifier with a small prediction error .	We develop an efficient algorithm based on the greedy coordinate descent algorithm , that is able to achieve a geometric convergence rate under appropriate conditions .	The convergence rate is achieved by measuring the size of functional gradients by an empirical $ \ell_2 $ norm that depends on the empirical data distribution .	We also establish a generalization error bound of the learned sparse kernel classifier using the technique of local Rademacher complexity .
+0	The question of the universality of the longitudinal peak conductivity at the integer quantum Hall transition is considered .	For this purpose , a system of 2D Dirac fermions with random mass characterised by variance $ g $ is proposed as a model which undergoes a quantum Hall transition .	Whilst for some specific models the longitudinal peak conductivity $ \sigma_ { xx } $ was found to be universal ( in agreement with the conjecture of Lee et al .	as well as with some numerical work ) , we find that $ \sigma_ { xx } $ is reduced by a factor $ ( 1+g/2\pi ) ^ { -1 } $ , at least for small $ g $ .	This provides some theoretical evidence for the non-universality of $ \sigma_ { xx } $ , as observed in a number of experiments .
+0	Given two points in a simple polygon $ P $ of $ n $ vertices , its geodesic distance is the length of the shortest path that connects them among all paths that stay within $ P $ .	The geodesic center of $ P $ is the unique point in $ P $ that minimizes the largest geodesic distance to all other points of $ P $ .	In 1989 , Pollack , Sharir and Rote [ Disc.\ & amp ; Comput.Geom .	89 ] showed an $ O ( n\log n ) $ -time algorithm that computes the geodesic center of $ P $ .	Since then , a longstanding question has been whether this running time can be improved ( explicitly posed by Mitchell [ Handbook of Computational Geometry , 2000 ] ) .
+0	In symplectic geometry a question of great importance is whether a ( Lagrangian ) submanifold is displaceable , that is , if it can be made disjoint from itself by the means of a Hamiltonian isotopy .	In these notes we analyze the coadjoint orbits of SU ( n ) and their Lagrangian submanifolds that are fibers of the Gelfand-Tsetlin map .	We use the coadjoint action to displace a large collection of these fibers .	Then we concentrate on the case n=3 and apply McDuff 's method of probes to show that `` most '' of the generic Gelfand-Tsetlin fibers are displaceable .	`` Most '' means `` all but one '' in the non-monotone case , and means `` all but a 1-parameter family '' in the monotone case .
+3	Two types of surface modifications , modifications of a surface exchange constant and a surface transverse field are taken into account .	Within the framework of mean field theory , we study the effects of multi-surface modification on Curie temperature of ferroelectric films using the transverse Ising model .	The general nonlinear equations for Curie temperature of multi-surface ferroelectric films with arbitrary exchange constants and transverse fields are derived by the transfer matrix method .	As an example , we consider a film consisting of top surface layers , bulk layers and bottom surface layers .	The dependence of Curie temperature on the surface layer numbers , bulk layer numbers , surface exchange constants , surface transverse fields and bulk transverse fields is discussed .
+1	Here we introduce a method of recursively concatenated dynamical decoupling pulses , designed to overcome both decoherence and operational errors .	Dynamical decoupling pulse sequences have been used to extend coherence times in quantum systems ever since the discovery of the spin-echo effect .	This is important for coherent control of quantum systems such as quantum computers .	For bounded-strength , non-Markovian environments , such as for the spin-bath that arises in electron- and nuclear-spin based solid-state quantum computer proposals , we show that it is strictly advantageous to use concatenated , as opposed to standard periodic dynamical decoupling pulse sequences .	Namely , the concatenated scheme is both fault-tolerant and super-polynomially more efficient , at equal cost .
+3	The numerical results of the present paper give support for the ideas on quasi-integrability , and it is found that extremely long-lived breather configurations satisfy these parity properties .	We report analytical and numerical results on breather-like field configurations in a theory which is a deformation of the integrable sine-Gordon model in ( 1+1 ) dimensions .	The main motivation of our study is to test the ideas behind the recently proposed concept of quasi-integrability , which emerged from the observation that some field theories present an infinite number of quantities which are asymptotically conserved in the scattering of solitons , and periodic in time in the case of breather-like configurations .	Even though the mechanism responsible for such phenomena is not well understood yet , it is clear that special properties of the solutions under a space-time parity transformation play a crucial role .	We also report on a mechanism , particular to the theory studied here , that favours the existence of long lived breathers even in cases of significant deformations of the sine-Gordon potential .
+4	In fast-rotating Irrs high star formation rates with stronger concentration toward the galaxies ' center are observed , and cluster formation is facilitated .	Irregular ( Irr ) galaxies are gas-rich objects with recent or ongoing star formation .	In absence of spiral density waves , star formation occurs largely stochastically .	The scattered star-forming regions tend to be long-lived and migrate slowly .	Older populations have a spatially more extended and regular distribution .
+3	On 2007 June 19 , Gliese 581 was observed for 8 hours at 1230-1544 with the Australian Long Baseline Array .	The first Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence ( SETI ) conducted with Very Long Baseline Interferometry ( VLBI ) is presented .	By consideration of the basic principles of interferometry , we show that VLBI is efficient at discriminating between SETI signals and human generated radio frequency interference ( RFI ) .	The target for this study was the star Gliese 581 , thought to have two planets within its habitable zone .	The dataset was searched for signals appearing on all interferometer baselines above five times the noise limit .
+1	The microscopic origin of this small black ring can be analyzed in detail since it is constructed by adding angular momentum to the well-studied D1-D5 system .	The `` small '' black ring in 5D obtained by giving angular momentum to the D1-D5 system compactified on S^1 x K3 is a very interesting object in the sense that it does not have an event horizon in the supergravity limit whereas it microscopically has a finite entropy .	On the other hand , its macroscopic , geometrical picture is difficult to study directly .	In this note , by duality transformations and the 4D-5D connection , we relate this 5D small black ring to a 4D small non-rotating black hole , where the latter is known to develop a non-vanishing horizon due to stringy R^2 corrections to the supergravity action .	This gives an indirect evidence that a non-vanishing horizon is formed for the 5D small black ring .
+0	During the last decades , the global prevalence of dengue progressed dramatically .	It is a disease that is now endemic in more than one hundred countries of Africa , America , Asia , and the Western Pacific .	In this paper , we present a mathematical model for the dengue disease transmission described by a system of ordinary differential equations and propose a multiobjective approach to find the most effective ways of controlling the disease .	We use evolutionary multiobjective optimization ( EMO ) algorithms to solve the resulting optimization problem , providing the performance comparison of different algorithms .	The obtained results show that the multiobjective approach is an effective tool to solve the problem , giving higher quality and wider range of solutions compared to the traditional technique .
+1	In the Drienfeld-Sokolov gauge we derive a two-parameter family of nonlinear evolution equations which as special cases include the Kortweg-de Vries ( KdV ) and Harry Dym equations .	We analyze several integrable systems in zero-curvature form within the framework of $ SL ( 2 , \R ) $ invariant gauge theory .	We find residual gauge transformations which lead to infinintesimal symmetries of this family of equations .	For KdV and Harry Dym equations we find an infinite hierarchy of such symmetry transformations , and we investigate their relation with local conservation laws , constants of the motion and the bi-Hamiltonian structure of the equations .	Applying successive gauge transformatinos of Miura type we obtain a sequence of gauge equivalent integrable systems , among them the modified KdV and Calogero KdV equations .
+4	The MPL estimator is proved to be consistent and can be computed via an MM ( minorization -- maximization ) algorithm .	Mixture of autoregressions ( MoAR ) models provide a model-based approach to the clustering of time series data .	The maximum likelihood ( ML ) estimation of MoAR models requires the evaluation of products of large numbers of densities of normal random variables .	In practical scenarios , these products converge to zero as the length of the time series increases , and thus the ML estimation of MoAR models becomes unfeasible in such scenarios .	We propose a maximum pseudolikelihood ( MPL ) estimation approach to overcome the product problem .
+0	Comparing resistivity data of quasi-one dimensional superconductors ( TMTSF ) _2PF_6 and ( TMTSF ) _2ClO_4 along the least conducting c*-axis and along the high conductivity a -axis as a function of temperature and pressure , a low temperature regime is observed in which a unique scattering time governs transport along both directions of these anisotropic conductors .	However , the pressure dependence of the anisotropy implies a large pressure dependence of the interlayer coupling .	This is in agreement with the results of first-principles DFT calculations implying methyl group hyperconjugation in the TMTSF molecule .	In this low temperature regime , both materials exhibit for rc a temperature dependence aT + bT^2 .	Taking into account the strong pressure dependence of the anisotropy , the T-linear rc is found to correlate with the suppression of the superconducting Tc , in close analogy with ra data .
+0	Dynamics of a charged particle in the canonical coordinates is a Hamiltonian system , and the well-known symplectic algorithm has been regarded as the de facto method for numerical integration of Hamiltonian systems due to its long-term accuracy and fidelity .	For long-term simulations with high efficiency , explicit symplectic algorithms are desirable .	However , it is widely accepted that explicit symplectic algorithms are only available for sum-separable Hamiltonians , and that this restriction severely limits the application of explicit symplectic algorithms to charged particle dynamics .	To overcome this difficulty , we combine the familiar sum-split method and a generating function method to construct second and third order explicit symplectic algorithms for dynamics of charged particle .	The generating function method is designed to generate explicit symplectic algorithms for product-separable Hamiltonian with form of $ H ( \mathbf { p } , \mathbf { q } ) =\mathbf { p } _ { i } f ( \mathbf { q } ) $ or $ H ( \mathbf { p } , \mathbf { q } ) =\mathbf { q } _ { i } f ( \mathbf { p } ) $ .
+1	We find that the equation of state parameter $ \omega_\U $ , the ratio of pressure to energy density , is given by $ 1/ ( 2d_\U +1 ) $ providing a new form of energy in our universe .	Unparticle $ \U $ with scaling dimension $ d_\U $ has peculiar thermal properties due to its unique phase space structure .	In an expanding universe , the unparticle energy density $ \rho_\U ( T ) $ evolves dramatically differently from that for photons .	For $ d_\U & gt ; 1 $ , even if $ \rho_\U ( T_D ) $ at a high decoupling temperature $ T_D $ is very small , it is possible to have a large relic density $ \rho_\U ( T^0_\gamma ) $ at present photon temperature $ T^0_\gamma $ , large enough to play the role of dark matter .	We calculate $ T_D $ and $ \rho_\U ( T^0_\gamma ) $ using photon-unparticle interactions for illustration .
+2	Based on radial-velocity measurements with a typical precision of 300 m/s we estimate the orbital parameters of this system to be P=246.73+/-0.49 d , a1 sin ( i ) =0.159+/-0.003 AU , M2 sin ( i ) =0.2062 ( M1+M2 ) ^ ( 2/3 ) +/-0.0034 M_ { \sun } .	We report the discovery of a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an Ultra Cool Dwarf ( UCD ) primary with a spectral type between M8 and L0.5 .	This system was discovered during the course of an ongoing survey to monitor L dwarfs for radial velocity variations and is the first known small separation ( a & lt ; 1 AU ) spectroscopic binary among dwarfs at the M/L transition .	Assuming a primary mass of M1=0.08M_ { \sun } ( based on spectral type ) , we estimate the secondary minimum mass to be M2 sin ( i ) =0.054 M_ { \sun } .	With future photometric , spectroscopic , and interferometric observations it may be possible to determine the dynamical masses of both components directly , making this system one of the best characterized UCD binaries known .
+4	The performance of the proposed adaptive control scheme is illustrated by a numerical simulation .	In this paper , we investigate the visual tracking problem for robotic systems without image-space velocity measurement , simultaneously taking into account the uncertainties of the camera model and the manipulator kinematics and dynamics .	We propose a new image-space observer that exploits the image-space velocity information contained in the unknown kinematics , upon which , we design an adaptive controller without using the image-space velocity signal where the adaptations of the depth-rate-independent kinematic parameter and depth parameter are driven by both the image-space tracking errors and observation errors .	The major superiority of the proposed observer-based adaptive controller lies in its simplicity and the separation of the handling of multiple uncertainties in visually servoed robotic systems , thus avoiding the overparametrization problem of the existing work .	Using Lyapunov analysis , we demonstrate that the image-space tracking errors converge to zero asymptotically .
+2	Both batch processing and online processing techniques are considered .	This paper is based on a chapter of a new book on Machine Learning , by the first and third author , which is currently under preparation .	We provide an overview of the major theoretical advances as well as the main trends in algorithmic developments in the area of sparsity-aware learning and compressed sensing .	A case study in the context of time-frequency analysis of signals is also presented .	Our intent is to update this review from time to time , since this is a very hot research area with a momentum and speed that is sometimes difficult to follow up .
+1	From magnetars to rotating radio transients , from radio pulsars to `isolated neutron stars , ' from central compact objects to millisecond pulsars , observational manifestations of neutron stars are surprisingly varied , with most properties totally unpredicted .	The last decade has shown us that the observational properties of neutron stars are remarkably diverse .	The challenge is to establish an overarching physical theory of neutron stars and their birth properties that can explain this great diversity .	Here I survey the disparate neutron stars classes , describe their properties , and highlight results made possible by the Chandra X-ray Observatory , in celebration of its tenth anniversary .	Finally , I describe the current status of efforts at physical `grand unification ' of this wealth of observational phenomena , and comment on possibilities for Chandra 's next decade in this field .
+0	Some models providing shell-shaped static solutions with compact support ( compactons ) in 3+1 and 4+1 dimensions are introduced , and the corresponding exact solutions are calculated analytically .	These solutions turn out to be topological solitons , and may be classified as maps $ S^3 \to S^3 $ and suspended Hopf maps , respectively .	The Lagrangian of these models is given by a scalar field with a non-standard kinetic term ( K field ) coupled to a pure Skyrme term restricted to $ S^2 $ , rised to the appropriate power to avoid the Derrick scaling argument .	Further , the existence of infinitely many exact shell solitons is explained using the generalized integrability approach .	Finally , similar models allowing for non-topological compactons of the ball type in 3+1 dimensions are briefly discussed .
+1	A longstanding conjecture due to Bollob\'as and Eldridge and , independently , Catlin , asserts that , if $ ( \Delta_1 ( G ) +1 ) ( \Delta_2 ( G ) +1 ) \le n+1 $ , then $ G_1 $ and $ G_2 $ pack .	Two graphs $ G_1 $ and $ G_2 $ on $ n $ vertices are said to pack if there exist injective mappings of their vertex sets into $ [ n ] $ such that the images of their edge sets are disjoint .	We consider the validity of this assertion under the additional assumption that $ G_1 $ or $ G_2 $ has bounded codegree .	In particular , we prove for all $ t \ge 2 $ that , if $ G_1 $ contains no copy of the complete bipartite graph $ K_ { 2 , t } $ and $ \Delta_1 & gt ; 17 t \cdot \Delta_2 $ , then $ ( \Delta_1 ( G ) +1 ) ( \Delta_2 ( G ) +1 ) \le n+1 $ implies that $ G_1 $ and $ G_2 $ pack .	We also provide a mild improvement if moreover $ G_2 $ contains no copy of the complete tripartite graph $ K_ { 1,1 , s } $ , $ s\ge 1 $ .
+4	While it seems to be satisfactory in the rational case , it is probably incomplete in the algebraic one .	Let A be a class of objects , equipped with an integer size such that for all n the number a ( n ) of objects of size n is finite .	We are interested in the case where the generating fucntion sum_n a ( n ) t^n is rational , or more generally algebraic .	This property has a practical interest , since one can usually say a lot on the numbers a ( n ) , but also a combinatorial one : the rational or algebraic nature of the generating function suggests that the objects have a ( possibly hidden ) structure , similar to the linear structure of words in the rational case , and to the branching structure of trees in the algebraic case .	We describe and illustrate this combinatorial intuition , and discuss its validity .
+0	The demonstration and use of nonlocality , as defined by Bell 's theorem , rely strongly on dealing with non-detection events due to losses and detectors ' inefficiencies .	Otherwise , the so-called detection loophole could be exploited .	The only way to avoid this is to have detection efficiencies that are above a certain threshold .	We introduce the intermediate assumption of limited detection efficiency , that is , in each run of the experiment , the overall detection efficiency is lower bounded by $ \eta_ { min } & gt ; 0 $ .	Hence , in an adversarial scenario , the adversaries have arbitrary large but not full control over the inefficiencies .
+1	In the present work we establish the theoretical framework of local symmetries for higher-dimensional interacting many-body systems .	Recently ( PRL 113 , 050403 ( 2014 ) ) the concept of local symmetries in one-dimensional stationary wave propagation has been shown to lead to a class of invariant two-point currents that allow to generalize the parity and Bloch theorem .	Based on the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon ( BBGKY ) hierarchy we derive the equations of motion of local symmetry correlators which are off-diagonal elements of the reduced one-body density matrix at symmetry related positions .	The natural orbital representation yields equations of motion for the convex sum of the local symmetry correlators of the natural orbitals as well as for the local symmetry correlators of the individual orbitals themselves .	An alternative integral representation with a unique interpretation is provided .
+2	In this paper we approach this problem from the perspective of persistent homology .	BPS spectra give important insights into the non-perturbative regimes of supersymmetric theories .	Often from the study of BPS states one can infer properties of the geometrical or algebraic structures underlying such theories .	Persistent homology is at the base of topological data analysis , which aims at extracting topological features out of a set of points .	We use these techniques to investigate the topological properties which characterize the spectra of several supersymmetric models in field and string theory .
+3	The interface develops an arc-shaped ridge near the rear-half rim with a protrusion in the rear and a laterally symmetric pair of higher peaks ; this pair of protrusions has been identified by the recent experiments ( Huerre et al .	We adopt a boundary integral method to study the dynamics of a translating droplet confined in a Hele-Shaw cell in the Stokes regime .	The droplet is driven by an ambient fluid with the same viscosity .	We characterise the three-dimensional ( 3D ) nature of the droplet interface and of the flow field .	2015 ) and predicted asymptotically ( Burgess & amp ; Foster 1990 ) .
+2	CDM and WDM predict very different number densities of subhaloes with mass $ \leq 10^9\ , h^ { -1 } \ , M_\odot $ although they predict similar , nearly universal , normalised subhalo radial density distributions .	We use the Copernicus Complexio ( COCO ) high resolution $ N $ -body simulations to investigate differences in the properties of small-scale structures in the standard cold dark matter ( CDM ) model and in a model with a cutoff in the initial power spectrum of density fluctuations consistent with both a thermally produced warm dark matter ( WDM ) particle or a sterile neutrino with mass 7 keV and leptogenesis parameter $ L_6=8.7 $ .	The latter corresponds to the `` coldest '' model with this sterile neutrino mass compatible with the identification of the recently detected 3.5 keV X-ray line as resulting from particle decay .	Haloes and subhaloes in both models have cuspy NFW profiles , but WDM subhaloes below the cutoff scale in the power spectrum ( corresponding to maximum circular velocities $ V_ { \mathrm { max } } ^ { z=0 } \leq50~\mathrm { kms } ^ { -1 } $ ) are less concentrated than their CDM counterparts .	We make predictions for observable properties using the GALFORM semi-analytic model of galaxy formation .
+3	Here , we use continuous gamma-ray searches from Fermi-LAT observations of Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies and from H.E.S.S .	Gamma-ray lines from dark matter annihilation ( $ \chi\chi\to \gamma X $ , where $ X=\gamma , h , Z $ ) are always accompanied , at lower energies , by a continuum gamma-ray spectrum stemming both from radiative corrections ( $ X=\gamma $ ) and from the decay debris of the second particle possibly present in the final state ( $ X=h , Z $ ) .	This model-independent gamma-ray emission can be exploited to derive novel limits on gamma-ray lines that do not rely on the line-feature .	Although such limits are not expected to be as stringent , they can be used to probe the existence of $ \gamma $ -ray lines for dark matter masses beyond the largest energies accessible to current telescopes .	observations of the Galactic Halo to extend the limits on the annihilation cross sections into monochromatic photons to dark matter masses well beyond 500 GeV ( Fermi-LAT ) and 20 TeV ( H.E.S.S . ) .
+1	We observe anisotropies both between the c-axis and the basal plane and within the plane , that can not be explained by usual mass anisotropy .	We have studied the pinning force density Fp of YNi_2B_2C superconductors for various field orientations .	For magnetic field $ H \parallel c $ , the reorientation structural transition in the vortex lattice due to nonlocality , which occurs at a field $ H_1 \sim 1kOe $ , manifests itself as a kink in Fp ( H ) .	When $ H \bot c $ , Fp is much larger and has a quite different H dependence , indicating that other pinning mechanisms are present .	In this case the signature of nonlocal effects is the presence of a fourfold periodicity of Fp within the basal plane .
+4	Both peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity results demonstrate the MAR sensing framework shows much better recovery performance than the completely random sensing one .	A novel framework to construct an efficient sensing ( measurement ) matrix , called mixed adaptive-random ( MAR ) matrix , is introduced for directly acquiring a compressed image representation .	The mixed sampling ( sensing ) procedure hybridizes adaptive edge measurements extracted from a low-resolution image with uniform random measurements predefined for the high-resolution image to be recovered .	The mixed sensing matrix seamlessly captures important information of an image , and meanwhile approximately satisfies the restricted isometry property .	To recover the high-resolution image from MAR measurements , the total variation algorithm based on the compressive sensing theory is employed for solving the Lagrangian regularization problem .
+4	This is similar to the magnetic monopole/ electric charge system where it is only the sum of the orbital plus field angular momentum that satisfies the correct commutation relationships .	The nucleon spin problem raises experimental and theoretical questions regarding the contribution of the orbital angular momentum of the quarks to the total spin of the nucleon .	In this article we examine the commutation relationships of various operators that contribute to the total angular momentum of the nucleon .	We find that the sum of the orbital plus gluon field angular momentum should satisfy the angular momentum commutators , at least up to the one-loop level .	This requirement on the sum of these operators imposes a nontrivial restriction on the form of the color electric and magnetic fields .
+3	We use this apparatus to demonstrate frequency control of a near-infrared laser , where a frequency instability below $ 3 { \times } 10^ { -10 } $ from 1 s to 2000 s is achieved .	Interferometric wavelength meters have attained frequency resolutions down to the MHz range .	In particular , Fizeau interferometers , which have no moving parts , are becoming a popular tool for laser characterization and stabilization .	In this article , we characterize such a wavelength meter using an ultra-stable laser in terms of relative frequency instability $ \sigma_y ( \tau ) $ and demonstrate that it can achieve a short-term instability $ \sigma_y ( 1 s ) \approx 2 { \times } 10^ { -10 } $ and a frequency drift of order $ 10 $ MHz/day .	Such performance is for example adequate for ions trapping and atoms cooling experiments .
+2	( 1999a ) on the Pleiades moving groups , we are able to show that subgroup B1 , consisting of early type B stars up to 10 Msun , but lacking more massive objects , has passed through the local interstellar medium within less than 100 pc .	We have analyzed the trajectories of moving stellar groups in the solar neighborhood in an attempt to estimate the number of supernova explosions in our local environment during the past 20 million years .	Using Hipparcos stellar distances and the results of kinematical analyses by Asiain et al .	Comparing the stellar content of B1 with the initial mass function derived from the analysis of galactic OB associations , we estimate the number of supernova explosions and find that about 20 supernovae must have occurred during the past ~ 10 - 20 million years , which is suggested to be the age of the Local Bubble ; the age of the star cluster is about ~ 20 - 30 million years .	For the first time , this provides strong evidence that the Local Bubble must have been created and shaped by multi-supernova explosions and presumably been reheated more than 1 million years ago , consistent with recent findings of an excess of 60Fe in a deep ocean ferromanganese crust .
+0	With 741 kg of TeO2 crystals and an excellent energy resolution of 5 keV ( 0.2 % ) at the region of interest , the CUORE ( Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events ) experiment aims at searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of 130Te with unprecedented sensitivity .	Expected to start data taking in 2015 , CUORE is currently in an advanced construction phase at LNGS .	CUORE projected neutrinoless double beta decay half-life sensitivity is 1.6E26 y at 1 sigma ( 9.5E25 y at the 90 % confidence level ) , in five years of live time , corresponding to an upper limit on the effective Majorana mass in the range 40-100 meV ( 50-130 meV ) .	Further background rejection with auxiliary bolometric detectors could improve CUORE sensitivity and competitiveness of bolometric detectors towards a full analysis of the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy .	CUORE-0 was built to test and demonstrate the performance of the upcoming CUORE experiment .
+2	We also find that viscous friction , be it translational or precessional , destabilizes the system .	We study , both classically and quantum-mechanically , the problem of a neutral particle with spin S , mass m and magnetic moment mue , moving in two-dimensions in an inhomogeneous magnetic field given by B_x=B'*x ; B_y=-B'*y ; B_z=B ; We identify K , the ratio between the precessional frequency of the particle and its vibration frequency , as the relevant parameter of the problem .	Classicaly , we find that when the magnetic moment is antiparallel to B , the particle is trapped provided that K & lt ; sqrt { 4/27 } .	Quantum-mechanically , we study the problem of spin S=h_bar/2 particle in the same field .	Treating K as a small parameter for the perturbation from the adiabatic Hamiltonian , we find that the lifetime T_esc of the particle in its trapped ground-state is T_esc= { T_vib } / { 128 pi^2 } * exp { 2/K } where T_vib is the classical period of the particle when placed in the adiabatic potential V=mue *|B ( x , y ) |
+0	We report on a quantitative investigation into the effect of size and distribution of rod-shaped \beta ' precipitates on strength and ductility of a Mg-Zn alloy .	Despite precipitation strengthening being crucial for the practical application of magnesium alloys this study represents the first systematic examination of the effect of controlled deformation on the precipitate size distribution and the resulting strength and ductility of a magnesium alloy .	Pre-ageing deformation was used to obtain various distributions of rod-shaped \beta ' precipitates through heterogeneous nucleation .	Alloys were extruded to obtain a texture so as to avoid formation of twins and thus to ensure that dislocations were the primary nucleation site .	Pre-ageing strain refined precipitate length and diameter , with average length reduced from 440 nm to 60 nm and diameter from 14 nm to 9 nm .
+0	( We present complete solutions of $ K $ -matrix for the quantum Mikhailov-Shabat model .	It has been known that there are three diagonal solutions with no free parameters , one being trivial identity solution , the others non-trivial .	The most general solutions which we found consist of three families corresponding to each diagonal solutions .	One family of solutions depends on two arbitrary parameters .	If one of the parameters vanishes , the other must also vanish so that the solutions reduces to trivial identity solution .
+1	In this work we evaluate the geometric Hall current directly from the electronic ground state with disorder , and then recast it as an integral over the crystalline Brillouin zone .	The anomalous Hall conductivity of `` dirty '' ferromagnetic metals is dominated by a Berry-phase contribution which is usually interpreted as an intrinsic property of the Bloch electrons in the pristine crystal .	The integrand is a generalized k-space Berry curvature , obtained by unfolding the Berry curvature from the small Brillouin zone of a large supercell .	Therein , disorder yields a net extrinsic Hall contribution , which we argue is related to the elusive side-jump effect .	As an example , we unfold the first-principles Berry curvature of an Fe3Co ordered alloy from the original fcc-lattice Brillouin zone onto a bcc-lattice zone with four times the volume .
+1	This manifests itself in the non-linear dependence of K+ and K- yields in $ AA $ collisions at 1 -- 2 A.GeV on the number of participants .	Attention is drawn to the role played by the size of the system in the thermodynamic analysis of particle yields in relativistic heavy ion collisions at SIS energies .	It is shown that this dependence can be quantitatively well described in terms of a thermal model with a canonical strangeness conservation .	The measured particle multiplicity ratios ( pi+/p , pi-/pi+ , d/p , K+/pi+ and K+/K- but not eta/pi0 ) in central Au-Au and Ni-Ni collisions at 0.8 -- 2.0 A.GeV are also explained in the context of a thermal model with a common freeze-out temperature and chemical potential .	Including the concept of collective flow a consistent picture of particle energy distributions is derived with the flow velocity being strongly impact-parameter dependent .
+2	In this paper , we present Protein Graph Repository ( PGR ) , a novel database of protein 3D-structures transformed into graphs allowing the use of the large repertoire of graph theory techniques in protein mining .	Graph theory and graph mining constitute rich fields of computational techniques to study the structures , topologies and properties of graphs .	These techniques constitute a good asset in bioinformatics if there exist efficient methods for transforming biological data into graphs .	This repository contains graph representations of all currently known protein 3D-structures described in the Protein Data Bank ( PDB ) .	PGR also provides an efficient online converter of protein 3D-structures into graphs , biological and graph-based description , pre-computed protein graph attributes and statistics , visualization of each protein graph , as well as graph-based protein similarity search tool .
+4	Therefore , we expect a parametrically large correction from radiation to the medium-induced $ p_\perp $ -broadening in perturbative QCD .	We study the contributions from radiation to $ p_ { \perp } $ -broadening of a high energy parton traversing a QCD medium with a finite length $ L $ .	The interaction between the parton and the medium is described by decorrelated static multiple scattering .	Amplitudes of medium-induced gluon emission and parton self-energy diagrams are evaluated in the soft gluon limit in the BDMPS formalism .	We find both the double-logarithmic correction from incoherent scattering , which is parametrically the same as that in single scattering , and the logarithmic correction from the LPM effect .
+2	Hot Jupiters are predicted to have up to 10 $ ^5 $ times Jupiter 's H $ _3^+ $ emission because they experience extreme stellar irradiation and enhanced interactions may occur between the planetary magnetosphere and the stellar wind .	H $ _3^+ $ emission is the dominant cooling mechanism in Jupiter 's thermosphere and a useful probe of temperature and ion densities .	The H $ _3^+ $ ion is predicted to form in the thermospheres of close-in `hot Jupiters ' where its emission would be a significant factor in the thermal energy budget , affecting temperature and the rate of hydrogen escape from the exosphere .	Direct ( but unresolved ) detection of an extrasolar planet , or the establishment of useful upper limits , may be possible because a small but significant fraction of the total energy received by the planet is re-radiated in a few narrow lines of H $ _3^+ $ within which the flux from the star is limited .	We present the observing strategy and results of our search for emission from the Q ( 1,0 ) transition of H $ _3^+ $ ( 3.953~ $ \mu $ m ) from extrasolar planets orbiting six late-type dwarfs using CSHELL , the high-resolution echelle spectrograph on NASA 's Infrared Telescope Facility ( IRTF ) .
+1	We prove that , under some mild conditions , a connected generalized bialgebra is completely determined by its primitive part .	We introduce the notion of generalized bialgebra , which includes the classical notion of bialgebra ( Hopf algebra ) and many others .	This structure theorem extends the classical Poincar\'e-Birkhoff-Witt theorem and the Cartier-Milnor-Moore theorem , valid for cocommutative bialgebras , to a large class of generalized bialgebras .	Technically we work in the theory of operads which permits us to give a conceptual proof of our main theorem .	It unifies several results , generalizing PBW and CMM , scattered in the literature .
+2	The hyperbolic limit is such that the collision frequencies are of the same order as the Bloch frequencies due to the electric field and the corresponding terms in the kinetic equation are dominant .	Nonlinear charge transport in strongly coupled semiconductor superlattices is described by Wigner-Poisson kinetic equations involving one or two minibands .	Electron-electron collisions are treated within the Hartree approximation whereas other inelastic collisions are described by a modified BGK ( Bhatnaghar-Gross-Krook ) model .	In this limit , spatially nonlocal drift-diffusion balance equations for the miniband populations and the electric field are derived by means of the Chapman-Enskog perturbation technique .	For a lateral superlattice with spin-orbit interaction , electrons with spin up or down have different energies and their corresponding drift-diffusion equations can be used to calculate spin-polarized currents and electron spin polarization .
+1	The shell expands as t^ ( 0.69+-0.03 ) .	We present new VLBI images of supernova 1986J , taken at 5 , 8.4 and 22 GHz between t=22 to 25 yr after the explosion .	We estimate the progenitor 's mass-loss rate at ( 4 ~ 10 ) * 10^-5 Msol/yr ( for v_w = 10 km/s ) .	Two bright spots are seen in the images .	The first , in the northeast , is now fading .
+3	Let calS be a subset S^N be the set of infinite words s = ( s_n ) _ { n\geq 0 } such that \pi ( s ) : = c ( s_0 ) f ( c ( s_1 ) ) f^2 ( c ( s_2 ) ) ... is in X .	Let A be a finite alphabet and f : A^* -- & gt ; A^* be a morphism with an iterative fixed point f^\omega ( \alpha ) , where \alpha { } is in A .	Consider the subshift ( X , T ) , where X is the shift orbit closure of f^\omega ( \alpha ) and T : X -- & gt ; X is the shift map .	Let S be a finite alphabet that is in bijective correspondence via a mapping c with the set of nonempty suffixes of the images f ( a ) for a in A .	We show that if f is primitive and f ( A ) is a suffix code , then there exists a mapping H : calS -- & gt ; calS such that ( calS , H ) is a topological dynamical system and \pi : ( calS , H ) -- & gt ; ( X , T ) is a conjugacy ; we call ( calS , H ) the suffix conjugate of ( X , T ) .
+3	However , VCA ignores disorder effect and is therefore unable to describe the broadening of the phonon spectra upon alloying .	We report on the structural , electronic and vibrational properties of the Ga $ _ { 1-x } $ In $ _x $ N alloy using virtual crystal approximation ( VCA ) from first-principles .	A band gap bowing parameter of 3.85 eV is obtained with the TB09 functional .	Phonon density of states shifts to lower frequency as the In content is increased .	The role of electron-phonon interaction in the temperature dependence of the band gap is also studied for GaN , InN and their alloy Ga $ _ { 1-x } $ In $ _x $ N .
+0	Minimum distance is an important parameter of a linear error correcting code .	For improved performance of binary Low Density Parity Check ( LDPC ) codes , we need to have the minimum distance grow fast with n , the codelength .	However , the best we can hope for is a linear growth in dmin with n. For binary LDPC codes , the necessary and sufficient conditions on the LDPC ensemble parameters , to ensure linear growth of minimum distance is well established .	In the case of non-binary LDPC codes , the structure of logarithmic weight codewords is different from that of binary codes .	We have carried out a preliminary study on the logarithmic bound on the the minimum distance of non-binary LDPC code ensembles .
+4	Two possible methods for reconstructing the Cherenkov angle and the electric charge with the RICH will be discussed .	The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) to be installed on the International Space Station ( ISS ) will measure charged cosmic ray spectra of elements up to iron , in the rigidity range from 1 GV to 1 TV , for at least three years .	AMS is a large angular spectrometer composed of different subdetectors , including a proximity focusing Ring Imaging CHerenkov ( RICH ) detector .	This will be equipped with a mixed radiator made of aerogel and sodium fluoride ( NaF ) , a lateral conical mirror and a detection plane made of 680 photomultipliers coupled to light guides .	The RICH detector allows measurements of particle 's electric charge up to iron , and particle 's velocity .
+0	For the $ q $ -deformed canonical commutation relations $ a ( f ) a^\dagger ( g ) = ( 1-q ) \ , \langle f , g\rangle { \bf1 } +q\ , a^\dagger ( g ) a ( f ) $ for $ f , g $ in some Hilbert space $ { \cal H } $ we consider representations generated from a vector $ \Omega $ satisfying $ a ( f ) \Omega=\langle f , \phi\rangle\Omega $ , where $ \phi\in { \cal H } $ .	We show that such a representation exists if and only if $ \Vert\phi\Vert\leq1 $ .	Moreover , for $ \Vert\phi\Vert & lt ; 1 $ these representations are unitarily equivalent to the Fock representation ( obtained for $ \phi=0 $ ) .	On the other hand representations obtained for different unit vectors $ \phi $ are disjoint .	We show that the universal C*-algebra for the relations has a largest proper , closed , two-sided ideal .
+1	We calculate the electron mediated RKKY interaction between the impurity spins in a d-wave superconductor and find that it decays as $ r^ { -3 } $ at large distances .	We discuss the effects of magnetic impurities on d-wave superconductors .	We argue that this interaction leads to the formation of a spin glass at low temperature $ T \ll T_c $ .	It was previously shown that a local complex $ \Delta^1 \sim d_ { xy } $ order parameter is induced around each impurity spin .	We consider the pair tunneling resulting in the Josephson interaction between different patches of induced $ d_ { xy } $ order parameter .
+2	These GALEX UV observations are the first to reveal a large RR Lyrae amplitude variation at wavelengths below 1800A .	The NASA Galaxy Evolution Explorer ( GALEX ) satellite has obtained simultaneous near and far ultraviolet light curves of the ROTSE-I Catalog RR Lyrae ab-type variable star J143753.84+345924.8 .	A series of 38 GALEX Deep Imaging Survey observations well distributed in phase within the star 's 0.56432d period shows an AB=4.9mag variation in the far UV ( 1350-1750A ) band and an AB=1.8mag variation in the near UV ( 1750-2750A ) band , compared with only a 0.8mag variation in the broad , unfiltered ROTSE-I ( 4500-10000A ) band .	We compare the GALEX and ROTSE-I observations to predictions made by recent Kurucz stellar atmosphere models .	We use published physical parameters for the comparable period ( 0.57433d ) , well-observed RR Lyrae star WY Antliae to compute predicted FUV , NUV , and ROTSE-I light curves for J143753.84+345924.8 .
+1	Combining this data with Gwinn 's VLBI results , we were able to fix the free parameters in the shock model of Hollenbach and McKee and the maser model of Elitzur , Hollenbach , and McKee .	We present spectroscopic results of 146 water maser outbursts in W49 N , obtained with the Metsahovi radio telescope at 22 GHz .	This enabled a straightforward determination of some 20 shock and maser parameters , among others , the kinetic temperature , postshock density , water density , water abundance , preshock and postshock magnetic field strengths as well as the inclination of the mean field with respect to the line of sight .	A step-by-step presentation of our diagnostic method is given and the relation between observations and model parameters is discussed .	One uniquely powerful outburst feature , referred to as the `` big flare feature '' , showed also the narrowest linewidth .
+1	We show that this conclusion remains true using weaker non-uniform versions of specification , expansivity , and the Bowen property .	Using an approach due to Bowen , Franco showed that continuous expansive flows with specification have unique equilibrium states for potentials with the Bowen property .	We also establish a corresponding result for homeomorphisms .	In the homeomorphism case , we obtain the upper bound from the level-2 large deviations principle for the unique equilibrium state .	Forthcoming work will apply these results in partially hyperbolic and non-uniformly hyperbolic settings .
+4	Continuum scattering acts to increase the profile depth of LTE lines : continua gain more brightness than line cores due to their larger thermalization depth in hotter layers .	We investigate the effects of coherent isotropic continuum scattering on the formation of spectral lines in local thermodynamic equilibrium ( LTE ) using 3D hydrodynamical and 1D hydrostatic model atmospheres of red giant stars .	Continuum flux levels , spectral line profiles and curves of growth for different species are compared with calculations that treat scattering as absorption .	Photons may escape from deeper , hotter layers through scattering , resulting in significantly higher continuum flux levels beneath a wavelength of 5000 A .	The magnitude of the effect is determined by the importance of scattering opacity with respect to absorption opacity ; we observe the largest changes in continuum flux at the shortest wavelengths and lowest metallicities ; intergranular lanes of 3D models are more strongly affected than granules .
+2	A new parameter , the demodulation length , is introduced , representing the quantitative measure of the depth at which the channelling beam preserves its modulation in the crystal .	The evolution of a modulated positron beam in a planar crystal channel is investigated within the diffusion approach .	A detailed description of the formalism is given .	It is demonstrated that there exist crystal channels with the demodulation length sufficiently large for using the crystalline undulator as a coherent source of hard X rays .	This finding is a crucial milestone in developing a new type of lasers radiating in the hard X ray and gamma ray range .
+4	} , ( 2003 ) Nature { \bf 423 } , 190-193 ] .	Recently experiments showed that some biological noncovalent bonds increase their lifetimes when they are stretched by an external force , and their lifetimes will decrease when the force increases further .	Several specific quantitative models have been proposed to explain the intriguing transitions from the `` catch-bond '' to the `` slip-bond '' .	Different from the previous efforts , in this work we propose that the dynamic disorder of the force-dependent dissociation rate can account for the counterintuitive behaviors of the bonds .	A Gaussian stochastic rate model is used to quantitatively describe the transitions observed recently in the single bond P-selctin glycoprotein ligand 1 ( PSGL-1 ) $ - $ P-selectin force rupture experiment [ Marshall , { \it et al .
+3	The connecting link to them is the concept of a fundamental spin-2 field .	In my lectures I will deal with three seemingly unrelated problems : i ) to what extent is general relativity exceptional among metric gravity theories ?	ii ) is it possible to define gravitational energy density applying field-theory approach to gravity ?	and iii ) can a consistent theory of a gravitationally interacting spin-two field be developed at all ?	A linear spin-2 field encounters insurmountable inconsistencies when coupled to gravity .
+3	The LT source in general appears higher in altitude with increasing energy and exhibits a more limited motion compared to the expansion of the thermal loop .	[ Abridged ] We present analysis of a pair of unusually energetic coronal hard X-ray ( HXR ) sources detected by RHESSI during the impulsive phase of an X3.9 class solar flare on 2003 November 3 , which simultaneously shows two intense footpoint ( FP ) sources .	A distinct loop top ( LT ) coronal source is detected up to ~150 keV and a second ( upper ) coronal source up to ~80 keV .	These photon energies are much higher than commonly observed in coronal sources and pose grave modeling challenges .	The high energy LT source shows an impulsive time profile and its nonthermal power law spectrum exhibits soft-hard-soft evolution during the impulsive phase , similar to the FP sources .
+1	For a given germ of complex or real analytic set , we show the existence of a stratification satisfying a strong ( real arc-analytic with respect to all variables and analytic with respect to the parameter space ) trivialization property along each stratum .	In this paper we show Whitney 's fibering conjecture in the real and complex , local analytic and global algebraic cases .	We call such a trivialization arc-wise analytic and we show that it can be constructed under the classical Zariski algebro-geometric equisingularity assumptions .	Using a slightly stronger version of Zariski equisingularity , we show the existence of Whitney 's stratified fibration , satisfying the conditions ( b ) of Whitney and ( w ) of Verdier .	Our construction is based on Puiseux with parameter theorem and a generalization of Whitney interpolation .
+0	Solitons are non-dispersive wave solutions that arise in a diverse range of nonlinear systems , stablised by a focussing or defocussing nonlinearity .	First observed in shallow water , solitons have subsequently been studied in many other fields including nonlinear optics , biophysics , astrophysics , plasma and particle physics .	They are characterised by well localised wavepackets that maintain their initial shape and amplitude for all time , even following collisions with other solitons .	Here we report the controlled formation of bright solitary matter-waves , the 3D analog to solitons , from Bose-Einstein condensates of 85Rb and observe their propagation in an optical waveguide .	These results pave the way for new experimental studies of bright solitary matterwave dynamics to elucidate the wealth of existing theoretical work and to explore an array of potential applications including novel interferometric devices , the study of short-range atom-surface potentials and the realisation of Schrodingercat states .
+1	This paper represents a follow up study to our previous investigation of star-formation in the cluster centre , extending our analysis out to a projected cluster radius of 1.5 Mpc .	We present the results of an extended narrow-band H { \alpha } study of the massive galaxy cluster XMMU J2235.3-2557 at z = 1.39 .	Using the Near InfraRed Imager and Spectrograph ( NIRI ) on Gemini North we obtained deep H narrow-band imaging corresponding to the rest-frame wavelength of H { \alpha } at the cluster 's redshift .	We identify a total of 163 potential cluster members in both pointings , excluding stars based on their near-IR colours derived from VLT/HAWK-I imaging .	Of these 163 objects 14 are spectroscopically confirmed cluster members , and 20 % are excess line-emitters .
+4	Further , we develop an easy to implement method to calculate valid asymptotic standard errors based on batch means .	The naive importance sampling estimator , based on samples from a single importance density , can be numerically unstable .	Instead , we consider generalized importance sampling estimators where samples from more than one probability distribution are combined .	We study this problem in the Markov chain Monte Carlo context , where independent samples are replaced with Markov chain samples .	If the chains converge to their respective target distributions at a polynomial rate , then under two finite moment conditions , we show a central limit theorem holds for the generalized estimators .
+4	The proposed construction offers a simple method for simulation of sample paths of non-symmetric generalized diffusion .	Consider a non-symmetric generalized diffusion $ X ( \cdot ) $ in $ { \bbR } ^d $ determined by the differential operator $ A ( \msx ) =-\sum_ { ij } \partial_ia_ { ij } ( \msx ) \partial_j +\sum_i b_i ( \msx ) \partial_i $ .	In this paper the diffusion process is approximated by Markov jump processes $ X_n ( \cdot ) $ , in homogeneous and isotropic grids $ G_n \subset { \bbR } ^d $ , which converge in distribution to the diffusion $ X ( \cdot ) $ .	The generators of $ X_n ( \cdot ) $ are constructed explicitly .	Due to the homogeneity and isotropy of grids , the proposed method for $ d\geq3 $ can be applied to processes for which the diffusion tensor $ \ { a_ { ij } ( \msx ) \ } _ { 11 } ^ { dd } $ fulfills an additional condition .
+2	Using query chains , we generate new types of preference judgments from search engine logs , thus taking advantage of user intelligence in reformulating queries .	This paper presents a novel approach for using clickthrough data to learn ranked retrieval functions for web search results .	We observe that users searching the web often perform a sequence , or chain , of queries with a similar information need .	To validate our method we perform a controlled user study comparing generated preference judgments to explicit relevance judgments .	We also implemented a real-world search engine to test our approach , using a modified ranking SVM to learn an improved ranking function from preference data .
+4	An example not fitting these two important cases is presented as well , using a candidate Boussinesq-Whitham equation .	Generalizing ideas of MacKay , and MacKay and Saffman , a necessary condition for the presence of high-frequency ( i.e. , not modulational ) instabilities of small-amplitude periodic solutions of Hamiltonian partial differential equations is presented , entirely in terms of the Hamiltonian of the linearized problem .	With the exception of a Krein signature calculation , the theory is completely phrased in terms of the dispersion relation of the linear problem .	The general theory changes as the Poisson structure of the Hamiltonian partial differential equation is changed .	Two important cases of such Poisson structures are worked out in full generality .
+3	We then compute E2 moments and transition probabilities .	Energy levels and electromagnetic properties of with $ N=28\sim 30 $ nuclides are studied in terms of a large-scale shell model calculation , which contains no newly adjusted parameters .	The Kuo-Brown $ G $ -matrix interaction is shown to reproduce energy levels of 205 low-lying states of these nuclei .	We evaluate effective charges by incorporating the core-polarization effects caused by the coupling to GQR 's .	The M1 moments and transition rates are calculated by quoting the effective $ g $ -factors of Towner , which are obtained by taking into account the meson-exchange and the core-polarization mechanisms .
+2	While worst-case or average-case analysis give us a means to talk about the running time of a particular algorithm , complexity classes allows us to talk about the inherent difficulty of problems .	Smoothed analysis is a new way of analyzing algorithms introduced by Spielman and Teng ( J. ACM , 2004 ) .	Classical methods like worst-case or average-case analysis have accompanying complexity classes , like P and AvgP , respectively .	Smoothed analysis is a hybrid of worst-case and average-case analysis and compensates some of their drawbacks .	Despite its success for the analysis of single algorithms and problems , there is no embedding of smoothed analysis into computational complexity theory , which is necessary to classify problems according to their intrinsic difficulty .
+0	The exoplanet OGLE-TR-132b belongs to the new class of very hot giant planets , together with OGLE-TR-56b and OGLE-TR-113b , detected by their transits .	Recently , radial velocity measurements provided a planetary mass estimate for OGLE-TR-132b .	The planet parameters , however , were poorly cons trained , because of the very shallow transit in the OGLE light curve .	In this letter , based on new VLT/FORS2 photometric follow-up of OGLE-TR-132 of unprecedented quality ( 1.2 millimagnitude relative photometry ) , we confirm the planetary nature of the orbiting object , and we derive an accurate measurement of its radius and mass : 1.13 +- 0.08 R_J and 1.19 +- 0.13 M_J .	The refined ephemeris of OGLE-TR-132 transits is T_0 = 2453142.5888 and P = 1.689857 days .
+0	I consider the question posed to me by the scientific organisers of the conference , `` Are the modern computer simulations a substitute for physical models ? The SKA case . ''	I briefly consider the current knowledge of computer simulations and of physical prototypes in the context of understanding interferometric radio telescopes .	My conclusion is that , `` no , computer simulations are not a substitute for physical models when it comes to understanding the SKA ... ..furthermore , physical models are not much help either . ''	This conclusion is intentionally provocative , designed to promote some discussion at the conference , which it did .	However , the conclusion reflects my belief that we do not have a deep enough understanding , theoretical or practical , of how interferometry works , to determine if the SKA will meet the stated specifications or not .
+0	Recent research on the dynamics of certain fluid dynamical instabilities shows that when there is a slow invariant manifold subject to fast timescale instability the dynamics are extremely sensitive to noise .	The behaviour of such systems can be described in terms of a one-dimensional map , and previous work has shown how the effect of noise can be modelled by a simple adjustment to the map .	Here we undertake an in depth investigation of a particular set of equations , using the methods of stochastic integration .	We confirm the prediction of the earlier studies that the noise becomes important when mu|log ( epsilon ) | = O ( 1 ) , where mu is the small timescale ratio and \epsilon is the noise level .	In addition , we present detailed information about the statistics of the solution when the noise is a dominant effect ; the analytical results show excellent agreement with numerical simulations .
+0	In this paper , which is part II in a series of two , the pre-asymptotic error analysis of the continuous interior penalty finite element method ( CIP-FEM ) and the FEM for the Helmholtz equation in two and three dimensions is continued .	While part I contained results on the linear CIP-FEM and FEM , the present part deals with approximation spaces of order $ p \ge 1 $ .	By using a modified duality argument , pre-asymptotic error estimates are derived for both methods under the condition of $ \frac { kh } { p } \le C_0\big ( \frac { p } { k } \big ) ^ { \frac { 1 } { p+1 } } $ , where $ k $ is the wave number , $ h $ is the mesh size , and $ C_0 $ is a constant independent of $ k , h , p $ , and the penalty parameters .	It is shown that the pollution errors of both methods in $ H^1 $ -norm are $ O ( k^ { 2p+1 } h^ { 2p } ) $ if $ p=O ( 1 ) $ and are $ O\Big ( \frac { k } { p^2 } \big ( \frac { kh } { \sigma p } \big ) ^ { 2p } \Big ) $ if the exact solution $ u\in H^2 ( \Om ) $ which coincide with existent dispersion analyses for the FEM on Cartesian grids .	Here $ \si $ is a constant independent of $ k , h , p $ , and the penalty parameters .
+0	Accelerating cosmologies in extra dimensional spaces have been studied .	These extra dimensional spaces are products of many spaces .	The physical behaviors of accelerating cosmologies are investigated from Einstein 's field equation in higher dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker ( FRW ) universe and superstring/M theory points of view .	It is found that if some assumptions of flatness are made for sector of the FRW universe , the remaining sector needs to be hyperbolic .	These properties are in parallel with those found in the model of superstring/M theory .
+4	We find that CMB S4 constraints on neutrino mass could be strongly enhanced by external constraints on the cold dark matter density $ \Omega_ { c } h^ { 2 } $ and the Hubble constant $ H_ { 0 } $ .	Planned cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) experiments can dramatically improve what we know about neutrino physics , inflation , and dark energy .	The low level of noise , together with improved angular resolution , will increase the signal to noise of the CMB polarized signal as well as the reconstructed lensing potential of high redshift large scale structure .	Projected constraints on cosmological parameters are extremely tight , but these can be improved even further with information from external experiments .	Here , we examine quantitatively the extent to which external priors can lead to improvement in projected constraints from a CMB-Stage IV ( S4 ) experiment on neutrino and dark energy properties .
+1	We prove that these operators preserve this set , and we determine how they change the characteristic polynomials .	In this paper we study the action of the Binomial and Invert ( interpolated ) operators on the set of linear recurrent sequences .	We show that these operators , with the aid of two other elementary operators ( essentially the left and right shifts ) , can transform any impulse sequence ( a linear recurrent sequence starting from $ ( 0 , ... ,0,1 ) $ ) into any other impulse sequence , by two processes that we call \emph { construction } and \emph { deconstruction } .	Finally , we give some applications to polynomial sequences and pyramidal numbers .	We also find a new identity on Fibonacci numbers , and we prove that $ r $ -- bonacci numbers are a Bell polynomial transform of the $ ( r-1 ) $ -- bonacci numbers .
+4	A procedure for selection of the `` meaningful '' scaling region is proposed .	The series of mean daily temperature of air recorded over a period of 215 years is used for analysing the dimensionality and the predictability of the atmospheric system .	The total number of data points of the series is 78527 .	Other 37 versions of the original series are generated , including `` seasonally adjusted '' data , a smoothed series , series without annual course , etc .	Modified methods of Grassberger and Procaccia are applied .
+0	The tensor electric polarizability of the deuteron gives important information about spin-dependent nuclear forces .	If a resonant horizontal electric field acts on a deuteron beam circulating into a storage ring , the tensor electric polarizability stimulates the buildup of the vertical polarization of the deuteron ( the Baryshevsky effect ) .	General formulas describing this effect have been derived .	Calculated formulas agree with the earlier obtained results .	The problem of the influence of tensor electric polarizability on spin dynamics in such a deuteron electric-dipole-moment experiment in storage rings has been investigated .
+2	The order relation is given by ( strict ) containment of the descent sets .	We introduce two partially ordered sets , $ P^A_n $ and $ P^B_n $ , of the same cardinalities as the type-A and type-B noncrossing partition lattices .	The ground sets of $ P^A_n $ and $ P^B_n $ are subsets of the symmetric and the hyperoctahedral groups , consisting of permutations which avoid certain patterns .	In each case , by means of an explicit order-preserving bijection , we show that the poset of restricted permutations is an extension of the refinement order on noncrossing partitions .	Several structural properties of these permutation posets follow , including self-duality and the strong Sperner property .
+4	Are the local extrema important compared to the global or can they be eliminated ( e.g. , by smoothing ) without significant loss of information ?	A basic issue in optimization , inverse theory , neural networks , computational chemistry and many other problems is the geometrical characterization of high dimensional functions .	In inverse calculations one aims to characterize the set of models that fit the data ( among other constraints ) .	If the data misfit function is unimodal then one can find its peak by local optimization methods and characterize its width ( related to the range of data-fitting models ) by estimating derivatives at this peak .	On the other hand , if there are local extrema , then a number of interesting and difficult problems arise .
+4	For probe systems subject to local dephasing , we quantify such precision limit as a function of the probability of failure that can be tolerated .	Quantum-enhanced measurements exploit quantum mechanical effects to provide ultra-precise estimates of physical variables for use in advanced technologies , such as frequency calibration of atomic clocks , gravitational waves detection , and biosensing .	Quantum metrology studies the fundamental limits in the estimation precision given a certain amount of resources ( e.g.the number of probe systems ) and restrictions ( e.g.limited interaction time , or coping with unavoidable presence of noise ) .	Here we show that , even in the presence of noise , probabilistic measurement strategies ( which have a certain probability of failure or abstention ) can provide , upon a heralded successful outcome , estimates with a precision that violates the deterministic bounds .	This establishes a new ultimate quantum metrology limit .
+1	Two main evolutionary channels are proposed for the WD to reach the critical density required for a thermonuclear explosion : the single degenerate scenario ( SD ) , in which a CO WD accretes from a non-degenerate companion , and the double degenerate scenario ( DD ) , in which two CO WDs merge .	It is thought that type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) are explosions of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs ( CO WDs ) .	However , it remains difficult to reproduce the observed SN Ia rate with these two scenarios .	With a binary population synthesis code we study the main evolutionary channels that lead to SNe Ia and we calculate the SN Ia rates and the associated delay time distributions .	We find that the DD channel is the dominant formation channel for the longest delay times .
+2	correlation functions are given , from which analytical expressions for the second order bulk and surface critical temperatures are derived .	The critical behavior of the semi-infinite Blume-Capel and Blume-Emery-Griffiths models is investigated in the pair approximation of the Cluster Variation Method .	Equations for bulk and surface order parameters and n.n .	The phase diagrams of the Blume-Capel model are classified , and the existence of a surface first order transition is discussed .	This transition is shown to be , under certain conditions , slightly reentrant , and the behavior of the surface order parameters and correlation functions is given for such a case .
+4	The latter property is used to prove that the corresponding operator-valued measures in the Herglotz -- Nevanlinna representations of the Donoghue-type $ m $ -functions corresponding to self-adjoint half-line and full-line Schr\ '' odinger operators encode the entire spectral information of the latter .	Given a complex , separable Hilbert space $ \mathcal { H } $ , we consider self-adjoint $ L^2 $ -realizations of differential expressions $ \tau = - ( d^2/dx^2 ) I_ { \mathcal { H } } + V ( x ) $ , on half-lines and on the real line ( assuming the limit-point property of $ \tau $ at $ \pm \infty $ ) .	Here $ V $ denotes a bounded operator-valued potential $ V ( \cdot ) \in \mathcal { B } ( \mathcal { H } ) $ such that $ V ( \cdot ) $ is weakly measurable , the operator norm $ \|V ( \cdot ) \|_ { \mathcal { B } ( \mathcal { H } ) } $ is locally integrable , and $ V ( \cdot ) = V ( \cdot ) ^* $ a.e .	In a nutshell , a Donoghue-type $ m $ -function $ M_ { A , \mathcal { N } _i } ^ { Do } ( \cdot ) $ associated with self-adjoint extensions $ A $ of a closed , symmetric operator $ \dot A $ in $ \mathcal { H } $ with deficiency spaces $ \mathcal { N } _z = \ker \big ( { \dot A } ^* - z I_ { \mathcal { H } } \big ) $ and corresponding orthogonal projections $ P_ { \mathcal { N } _z } $ onto $ \mathcal { N } _z $ is given by $ $ M_ { A , \mathcal { N } _i } ^ { Do } ( z ) = zI_ { \mathcal { N } _i } + ( z^2+1 ) P_ { \mathcal { N } _i } ( A - z I_ { \mathcal { H } } ) ^ { -1 } P_ { \mathcal { N } _i } \big\vert_ { \mathcal { N } _i } \ , , \quad { \rm Im } ( z ) \neq 0 .	$ $ For half-line and full-line Schr\ '' odinger operators , the role of $ \dot A $ is played by a suitably defined minimal Schr\ '' odinger operator which will be shown to be completely non-self-adjoint .
+1	From a maximum observed magnitude of 15.4C it declined at 0.09 mag/d for 7 days , flattened out around magnitude 16 for a further 5 days and then returned rapidly to quiescence at magnitude 19.4 .	We present observations and analysis of the first reported superoutburst of the dwarf nova SDSSp J082409.73+493124.4 during February/March 2007 .	The flattening of the light curve late in the outburst was not associated with a re-growth of superhumps .	For the first 5 days we observed common superhumps with period 0.06954 ( 5 ) d , thus confirming its classification as a UGSU-type dwarf nova .	This was followed by a phase transition to late superhumps with period 0.06921 ( 6 ) d. We found a small but persistent signal at 0.0687 ( 6 ) d which we interpret as the orbital period .
+2	Such a repeater is robust with respect to phase fluctuations in the transmission channels , and at the same time achieves higher entanglement generation rates than other protocols using the same ingredients .	In the last few years there has been a lot of interest in quantum repeater protocols using only atomic ensembles and linear optics .	Here we show that the local generation of high-fidelity entangled pairs of atomic excitations , in combination with the use of two-photon detections for long-distance entanglement generation , permits the implementation of a very attractive quantum repeater protocol .	We propose an efficient method of generating high-fidelity entangled pairs locally , based on the partial readout of the ensemble-based memories .	We also discuss the experimental implementation of the proposed protocol .
+2	We reevaluate these experiments using a single quantitative coarse-grained framework of intra-Golgi transport that accounts for both transport models and their many variants .	The mechanisms controlling the transport of proteins across the Golgi stack of mammalian and plant cells is the subject of intense debate , with two models , cisternal progression and inter-cisternal exchange , emerging as major contenders .	A variety of transport experiments have claimed support for each of these models .	Our analysis makes a definitive case for the existence of inter-cisternal exchange both for small membrane proteins ( VSVG ) and large protein complexes ( procollagen ) -- this implies that membrane structures larger than the typical protein-coated vesicles must be involved in transport .	Notwithstanding , we find that current observations on protein transport can not rule out cisternal progression as contributing significantly to the transport process .
+1	Here we study this noncritical M-theory in the limit of high energies , analogous to the \alpha'\to\infty limit of string theory .	Noncritical M-theory in 2+1 dimensions has been defined as a double-scaling limit of a nonrelativistic Fermi liquid on a flat two-dimensional plane .	In the related case of two-dimensional Type 0A strings , it has been argued that the conformal \alpha'\to\infty limit leads to AdS_2 with a propagating fermion whose mass is set by the value of the RR flux .	Here we provide evidence that in the high-energy limit , the natural ground state of noncritical M-theory similarly describes the AdS_2\times S^1 spacetime , with a massless propagating fermion .	We argue that the spacetime effective theory in this background is captured by a topological higher-spin extension of conformal Chern-Simons gravity in 2+1 dimensions , consistently coupled to a massless Dirac field .
+2	The results are exact within the context of linear passive dissipation .	Distribution functions defined in accord with the quantum theory of measurement are combined with results obtained from the quantum Langevin equation to discuss decoherence in quantum Brownian motion .	Closed form expressions for wave packet spreading and the attenuation of coherence of a pair of wave packets are obtained .	It is shown that , contrary to widely accepted current belief , decoherence can occur at high temperature in the absence of dissipation .	Expressions for the decoherence time with and without dissipation are obtained that differ from those appearing in earlier discussions .
+0	We report on simultaneous ASCA and ROSAT observations of the Seyfert galaxy NGC5548 made during the ASCA Performance Verification phase .	Spectral features due to a warm absorber and reflection are clearly seen in the X-ray spectra .	We find that the continuum spectral shape differs between the ASCA and ROSAT datasets .	The photon-index obtained from the ROSAT PSPC exceeds that from the ASCA SIS about 0.4 .	The discrepancy is clear even in the 0.5-2 keV energy band over which both detectors are sensitive .
+0	Systematic tight-binding investigations of the electronic spectra ( as a function of the magnetic field ) are presented for trigonal graphene nanoflakes with reconstructed zigzag edges , where a succession of pentagons and heptagons , that is 5-7 defects , replaces the hexagons at the zigzag edge .	For nanoflakes with such reczag defective edges , emphasis is placed on topological aspects and connections underlying the patterns dominating these spectra .	The electronic spectra of trigonal graphene nanoflakes with reczag edge terminations exhibit certain unique features , in addition to those that are well known to appear for graphene dots with zigzag edge termination .	These unique features include breaking of the particle-hole symmetry , and they are associated with nonlinear dispersion of the energy as a function of momentum , which may be interpreted as nonrelativistic behavior .	The general topological features shared with the zigzag flakes include the appearance of energy gaps at zero and low magnetic fields due to finite size , the formation of relativistic Landau levels at high magnetic fields , and the presence between the Landau levels of edge states ( the socalled Halperin states ) associated with the integer quantum Hall effect .
+3	Our NLTE abundance analysis results in a metallicity and CNO abundances in full agreement with the most recent updated solar values .	We present a seismic study of the beta Cephei star theta Ophiuchi .	Our analysis is based on the observation of one radial mode , one rotationally split l = 1 triplet and three components of a rotationally split l = 2 quintuplet for which the m-values were well identified by spectroscopy .	We identify the radial mode as fundamental , the triplet as p_1 and the quintuplet as g_1 .	With X \in [ 0.71,0.7211 ] and Z \in [ 0.009,0.015 ] , and using the Asplund et al .
+0	Motivated by the construction of spectral manifolds in noncommutative geometry , we introduce a higher degree Heisenberg commutation relation involving the Dirac operator and the Feynman slash of scalar fields .	This commutation relation appears in two versions , one sided and two sided .	It implies the quantization of the volume .	In the one-sided case it implies that the manifold decomposes into a disconnected sum of spheres which will represent quanta of geometry .	The two sided version in dimension 4 predicts the two algebras M_2 ( H ) and M_4 ( C ) which are the algebraic constituents of the Standard Model of particle physics .
+3	We investigated further the veracity of our detection of the eccentric orbit for WASP-54b , and we find that it could be real .	We present three newly discovered sub-Jupiter mass planets from the SuperWASP survey : WASP-54b is a heavily bloated planet of mass 0.636 $ ^ { +0.025 } _ { -0.024 } $ \mj and radius 1.653 $ ^ { +0.090 } _ { -0.083 } $ \rj .	It orbits a F9 star , evolving off the main sequence , every 3.69 days .	Our MCMC fit of the system yields a slightly eccentric orbit ( $ e=0.067^ { +0.033 } _ { -0.025 } $ ) for WASP-54b .	However , given the brightness of WASP-54 V=10.42 magnitudes , we encourage observations of a secondary eclipse to draw robust conclusions on both the orbital eccentricity and the thermal structure of the planet .
+1	Prior to melting the Ni cluster exhibits static solid-liquid phase coexistence .	We have used molecular dynamics simulations to construct a microcanonical caloric curve for a 1415-atom Ni icosahedron .	Initially a partial icosahedral structure coexists with a non-wetting melt .	However at energies very close to the melting point the icosahedral structure is replaced by a truncated decahedral structure which is almost fully wet by the melt .	This structure remains until the cluster fully melts .
+4	Support for this mass pattern is provided by the need for a sterile neutrino to make possible heavy-element nucleosynthesis in supernovae .	There is a puzzling contradiction : direct observations favor a low-mass density universe , but the only model which fits universe structure over more than three orders of magnitude in distance scale has a mix of hot ( neutrino ) and cold dark matter consistuting a critical density universe .	If all present indications for neutrino mass are valid , that hot dark matter is shared by two neutrino species ( nu_mu and nu_tau ) .	These results also require at least one light sterile neutrino to exist to explain the solar nu_e deficit ( nu_e - & gt ; nu_s ) , so that nu_mu - & gt ; nu_tau accounts for the atmospheric neutrino anomaly , with anti-nu_mu - & gt ; anti-nu_e being observed in the LSND experiment .	This experiment , when analyzed appropriately , does not conflict with any others and is compatible with the mass difference needed for dark matter .
+4	Experiments on benchmark data sets suggest that our multiclass boosting can achieve a comparable generalization capability with state-of-the-art , but the convergence speed is much faster than stage-wise gradient descent boosting .	In this work , we propose a new optimization framework for multiclass boosting learning .	In the literature , AdaBoost.MO and AdaBoost.ECC are the two successful multiclass boosting algorithms , which can use binary weak learners .	We explicitly derive these two algorithms ' Lagrange dual problems based on their regularized loss functions .	We show that the Lagrange dual formulations enable us to design totally-corrective multiclass algorithms by using the primal-dual optimization technique .
+1	We show a technique based on local class field theory and on the expansions of certain resultants which allows to recover very easily Lbekkouri 's characterization of Eisenstein polynomials generating cyclic wild extensions of degree $ p^2 $ over $ \Q_p $ , and to extend it to the case of the base field $ K $ being an unramified extension of $ \Q_p $ .	Let $ p\neq2 $ be a prime .	Furthermore , when a polynomial satisfies only some of the stated conditions , we show that the first unsatisfied condition gives information about the Galois group of the normal closure .	This permits to give a complete classification of Eisenstein polynomials of degree $ p^2 $ whose splitting field is a $ p $ -extension , providing a full description of the Galois group and its higher ramification subgroups .	We then apply the same methods to give a characterization of Eisenstein polynomials of degree $ p^3 $ generating a cyclic extension .
+0	The coupling of a dilaton to the $ SU ( 2 ) $ -Yang-Mills field leads to interesting non-perturbative static spherically symmetric solutions which are studied by mixed analitical and numerical methods .	In the abelian sector of the theory there are finite-energy magnetic and electric monopole solutions which saturate the Bogomol'nyi bound .	In the nonabelian sector there exist a countable family of globally regular solutions which are purely magnetic but have zero Yang-Mills magnetic charge .	Their discrete spectrum of energies is bounded from above by the energy of the abelian magnetic monopole with unit magnetic charge .	The stability analysis demonstrates that the solutions are saddle points of the energy functional with increasing number of unstable modes .
+4	We show that within such a Dirac model , the value of g is stable and large : g = 0.6 ( 1 ) , where we assume no quark current renormalization ( ( g_A ) q = 1 ) .	We discuss the strong coupling of heavy mesons to a pion g , in the heavy quark limit .	This quantity is quite remarkable since its values as estimated by different methods ( various quark models and the QCD sum rules ) , are surprisingly different .	The present quark models are mostly based on free spinors and their predictions depend crucially on the choice of the light quark mass .	We propose a quark model based on the Dirac equation in a central potential , which gives a more refined description of Dirac spinors .
+1	We study the shapes of several kinematic variables , including the relative pseudorapidity , relative azimuthal angle and the energies of the two leptons , as well as several mass variables M_ { ll } , Meff , \sqrt { s } _ { min } , MT2 , MCT and MCTx .	We investigate spin correlation effects in the `` antler '' event topology pp- & gt ; A- & gt ; B1 , B2 - & gt ; l^ { - } , C1 , l^ { + } , C2 at the LHC .	We focus on the two kinematic extremes of \sqrt { s } - threshold and infinity - and derive analytical expressions for the differential distributions of several variables , most notably the cos { \theta_ { ll } } ^* variable proposed by Barr in hep-ph/0511115 .	For all possible spin assignments of particles A , B and C , we derive the cos { \theta_ { ll } } ^* differential distribution at threshold , including the effects of spin correlations .	Our analytical results help identify the problematic cases for spin discrimination .
+3	We calculate the structure of rotating WDs with an axisymmetric hydrostatic code .	Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) have relatively uniform light curves and spectral evolution , which make SNe Ia useful standard candles to determine cosmological parameters .	However , the peak brightness is not completely uniform , and the origin of the diversity has not been clear .	We examine whether the rotation of progenitor white dwarfs ( WDs ) can be the important source of the diversity of the brightness of SNe Ia .	The diversity of the mass induced by the rotation is ~0.08 Msun and is not enough to explain the diversity of luminosity .
+3	These ultra-deep observations allow us to identify bona fide low mass groups at high redshift and enable measurements of their total halo masses .	Since z~1 , the stellar mass density locked in low mass groups and clusters has grown by a factor of ~8 .	Here we make the first statistical measurements of the stellar mass content of low mass X-ray groups at 0.5 & lt ; z & lt ; 1 , enabling the calibration of stellar-to-halo mass scales for wide-field optical and infrared surveys .	Groups are selected from combined Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations in the Chandra Deep Field South ( CDFS ) .	We compute aggregate stellar masses for these halos using galaxies from the Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS ( CSI ) spectroscopic redshift survey .
+3	We find that the effective intra-ladder exchange may become ferromagnetic for the case of zig-zag charge ordering in a purely electronic model .	An effective intra- and inter-ladder charge-spin hamiltonian for the quarter-filled ladder compound $ \alpha ' $ -NaV $ _2 $ O $ _5 $ has been derived by using the standard canonical transformation method .	In the derivation , it is clear that a finite inter-site Coulomb repulsion is needed to get a meaningful result otherwise the perturbation becomes ill-defined .	Various limiting cases depending on the values of the model parameters have been analyzed in detail and the effective exchange couplings are estimated .	We estimate the magnitude of the effective inter-rung Coulomb repulsion in a ladder and find it to be about one-order of magnitude too small in order to stabilize charge-ordering .
+2	This strongly supports AGN unification models linking radio galaxies and quasars , although we discuss some of the outstanding differences .	This paper presents infrared spectra taken with the newly commissioned NIRSPEC spectrograph on the Keck II Telescope of the High Redshift Radio Galaxy MRC 2025-218 ( z=2.63 ) These observations represent the deepest infrared spectra of a radio galaxy to date and have allowed for the detection of Hbeta , [ OIII ] ( 4959/5007 ) , [ OI ] ( 6300 ) , Halpha , [ NII ] ( 6548/6583 ) and [ SII ] ( 6716/6713 ) .	The Halpha emission is very broad ( FWHM = 9300 km/s ) and luminous ( 2.6x10^44 ergs/s ) and it is very comparable to the line widths and strengths of radio loud quasars at the same redshift .	The [ OIII ] ( 5007 ) line is extremely strong and has extended emission with large relative velocities to the nucleus .	We also derive that if the extended emission is due to star formation , each knot has a star formation rate comparable to a Lyman Break Galaxy at the same redshift .
+4	It also demonstrates a normative way to integrate sensory and cognitive components into physiologically testable mathematical models of perceptual decision-making .	This paper addresses two main challenges facing systems neuroscience today : understanding the nature and function of a ) cortical feedback between sensory areas and b ) correlated variability .	Starting from the old idea of perception as probabilistic inference , we show how to use knowledge of the psychophysical task to make easily testable predictions for the impact that feedback signals have on early sensory representations .	Applying our framework to the well-studied two-alternative forced choice task paradigm , we can explain multiple empirical findings that have been hard to account for by the traditional feedforward model of sensory processing , including the task-dependence of neural response correlations , and the diverging time courses of choice probabilities and psychophysical kernels .	Our model makes a number of new predictions and , importantly , characterizes a component of correlated variability that represents task-related information rather than performance-degrading noise .
+0	It is a major unsolved problem as to whether unknot recognition - that is , testing whether a given closed loop in R^3 can be untangled to form a plain circle - has a polynomial time algorithm .	In practice , trivial knots ( which can be untangled ) are typically easy to identify using fast simplification techniques , whereas non-trivial knots ( which can not be untangled ) are more resistant to being conclusively identified as such .	Here we present the first unknot recognition algorithm which is always conclusive and , although exponential time in theory , exhibits a clear polynomial time behaviour under exhaustive experimentation even for non-trivial knots .	The algorithm draws on techniques from both topology and integer / linear programming , and highlights the potential for new applications of techniques from mathematical programming to difficult problems in low-dimensional topology .	The exhaustive experimentation covers all 2977 non-trivial prime knots with & lt ; = 12 crossings .
+4	We discuss the dependence of these resonant modes on the jet flow Lorentz factor and specific internal energy , and on the shear layer thickness .	Qualitatively new aspects of the ( linear and non-linear ) stability of sheared relativistic ( slab ) jets are analyzed .	The linear problem has been solved for a wide range of jet models well inside the ultrarelativistic domain ( flow Lorentz factors up to 20 ; specific internal energies $ \approx 60c^2 $ ) .	As a distinct feature of our work , we have combined the analytical linear approach with high-resolution relativistic hydrodynamical simulations , which has allowed us i ) to identify , in the linear regime , resonant modes specific to the relativistic shear layer ii ) to confirm the result of the linear analysis with numerical simulations and , iii ) more interestingly , to follow the instability development through the non-linear regime .	We find that very high-order reflection modes with dominant growth rates can modify the global , long-term stability of the relativistic flow .
+1	Using the leading terms in the tachyon potential , Pad\'e approximants can apparently give the energy of the stable vacuum to arbitrarily good accuracy .	Tachyon condensation in the open bosonic string is analyzed using a perturbative expansion of the tachyon potential around the unstable D25-brane vacuum .	Level-truncation approximations up to level 10 for the coefficients in the tachyon potential are extrapolated to higher levels and used to find approximants for the full potential .	At level 14 and above , the resulting approximants give an energy less than -1 in units of the D25-brane tension , in agreement with recent level-truncation results by Gaiotto and Rastelli .	The extrapolated energy continues to decrease below -1 until reaching a minimum near level 26 , after which the energy turns around and begins to approach -1 from below .
+1	Trees , in general , are known to have lower aggregate bandwidth than higher dimensional topologies e.g. , hypercubes , meshes and tori .	Criticism of Gnutella network scalability has rested on the bandwidth attributes of the original interconnection topology : a Cayley tree .	Gnutella was intended to support thousands to millions of peers .	Studies of interconnection topologies in the literature , however , have focused on hardware implementations which are limited by cost to a few thousand nodes .	Since the Gnutella network is virtual , hyper-topologies are relatively unfettered by such constraints .
+3	The sample is large enough to discuss for the first time the importance of metallicity as a criterion for the presence of molecular hydrogen in the neutral phase at high-z .	We characterize the importance of metallicity on the presence of molecular hydrogen in damped Lyman-alpha ( DLA ) systems .	We construct a representative sample of 18 DLA/sub-DLA systems with log N ( HI ) & gt ; 19.5 at high redshift ( zabs & gt ; 1.8 ) with metallicities relative to solar [ X/H ] & gt ; -1.3 ( with [ X/H ] = logN ( X ) /N ( H ) -log ( X/H ) solar and X either Zn , S or Si ) .	We gather data covering the expected wavelength range of redshifted H2 absorption lines on all systems in the sample from either the literature ( 10 DLAs ) , the UVES-archive or new VLT-UVES observations for four of them .	From the new observations , we report two new detections of molecular hydrogen in the systems at zabs=2.431 toward Q2343+125 and zabs=2.426 toward Q2348-011 .
+3	The values of the degree of polarization ( DOP ) calculated from our model follows the trends of the experimental data .	Recent experimental measurements , without any theoretical guidance , showed that isotropic polarization response can be achieved by increasing the number of QD layers in a QD stack .	Here we analyse the polarization response of multi-layer quantum dot stacks containing up to nine quantum dot layers by linearly polarized PL measurements and by carrying out a systematic set of multi-million atom simulations .	The atomistic modeling and simulations allow us to include correct symmetry properties in the calculations of the optical spectra : a factor critical to explain the experimental evidence .	We also present detailed physical insight by examining strain profiles , band edges diagrams and wave function plots .
+2	The distance to G48.61+0.02 is about a half of its far kinematic distance , which was often assumed previously .	We performed the astrometry of H2O masers in the Galactic star-forming region G48.61+0.02 with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry ( VERA ) .	We derived a trigonometric parallax of 199+/-7 micro as , which corresponds to a distance of 5.03+/-0.19 kpc .	This distance places G48.61+0.02 in the Sagittarius-Carina arm and near the active star forming region and the supernova remnant W51 .	We also obtained the three dimensional motion of G48.61+0.02 , and found that it has a large peculiar motion of 40+/-5 km/s .
+1	The present work shows that dark matter annihilation into electron-positron pairs may affect the observed rotation curve by a significant amount .	The rotation curves of spiral galaxies are one of the basic predictions of the cold dark matter paradigm , and their shape in the innermost regions has been hotly debated over the last decades .	We adopt a model-independent approach , where all the electrons and positrons are injected with the same initial energy E_0 ~ m_dm*c^2 in the range from 1 MeV to 1 TeV and the injection rate is constrained by INTEGRAL , Fermi , and HESS data .	The pressure of the relativistic electron-positron gas is determined by solving the diffusion-loss equation , considering inverse Compton scattering , synchrotron radiation , Coulomb collisions , bremsstrahlung , and ionization .	For values of the gas density and magnetic field that are representative of the Milky Way , it is estimated that pressure gradients are strong enough to balance gravity in the central parts if E_0 & lt ; 1 GeV .
+0	A semilinear reaction-diffusion two-point boundary value problem , whose second-order derivative is multiplied by a small positive parameter $ \eps^2 $ , is considered .	It can have multiple solutions .	An asymptotic expansion is constructed for a solution that has an interior layer .	Further properties are then established for a perturbation of this expansion .	These are used in\cite { KoStMain } to obtain discrete sub-solutions and super-solutions for certain finite difference methods described there , and in this way yield convergence results for those methods .
+1	This paper describes a modified cone-type jet finding algorithm developed for the complex environment of heavy-ion collisions .	Standard jet finding techniques used in elementary particle collisions have not been successful in the high track density of heavy-ion collisions .	The primary modification to the algorithm is the evaluation and subtraction of the large background energy , arising from uncorrelated soft hadrons , in each collision .	A detailed analysis of the background energy and its event-by-event fluctuations has been performed on simulated data , and a method developed to estimate the background energy inside the jet cone from the measured energy outside the cone on an event-by-event basis .	The algorithm has been tested using Monte-Carlo simulations of Pb+Pb collisions at $ \sqrt { s } =5.5 $ TeV for the ALICE detector at the LHC .
+0	We present multiwavelength optical linear polarimetric observations of 69 stars toward the young open cluster Be 59 .	The observations reveal the presence of three dust layers located at the distances of \sim300 , \sim500 and \sim700 pc .	The dust layers produce a total polarization Pv \sim 5.5 per cent .	The mean values of polarization and polarization angles due to the dust layers are found to increase systematically with distance .	We show that polarimetry in combination with the ( U - B ) - ( B - V ) colour-colour diagram yields a better identification of cluster members .
+4	The best fit density power law exponent , p , ranged from 0.75 to 2.5 with & lt ; p & gt ; = 1.8 +/- 0.4 .	Fifty-one dense cores associated with water masers were mapped at 350 micron .	These cores are very luminous , 10^3 & lt ; Lbol/Lsun & lt ; 10^6 , indicative of the formation of massive stars .	Dust continuum contour maps and photometry are presented for these sources .	The spectral energy distributions and normalized radial profiles of dust continuum emission were modeled for 31 sources using a one-dimensional dust radiative transfer code , assuming a power law density distribution in the envelope , n = n_f ( r/r_f ) ^ { -p } .
+2	In particular , the cost could be lower .	This paper presents an 8 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron ( RCS ) option for Project X .	It has several advantages over an 8 GeV SC linac .	With a 2 GeV 10 mA pulsed linac as injector , the RCS would be able to deliver 4 MW beam power for a muon collider .	If , instead , a 2 GeV 1 mA CW linac is used , the RCS would still be able to meet the Project X requirements but it would be difficult for it to serve a muon collider due to the very long injection time .
+0	Coherent photonuclear isotope transmutation ( CPIT ) produces exclusively radioactive isotopes ( RIs ) by coherent photonuclear reactions via E1 giant resonances .	Photons to be used are medium energy photons produced by laser photons backscattered off GeV electrons .	The cross sections are as large as 0.2 - 0.6 b , being independent of individual nuclides .	A large fraction of photons is effectively used for the photonuclear reactions , while the scattered GeV electrons remain in the storage ring to be re-used .	CPIT with medium energy photons provides specific/desired RIs with the high rate and the high density for nuclear science , molecular biology and for nuclear medicines .
+0	The $ \Lambda $ cold dark matter ( $ \Lambda\textrm { CDM } $ ) model is currently known as the simplest cosmology model that best describes observations with minimal number of parameters .	Here we introduce a cosmology model that is preferred over the conventional $ \Lambda\textrm { CDM } $ one by constructing dark energy as the sum of the cosmological constant $ \Lambda $ and the additional fluid that is designed to have an extremely short transient spike in energy density during the radiation-matter equality era and the early scaling behavior with radiation and matter densities .	The density parameter of the additional fluid is defined as a Gaussian function plus a constant in logarithmic scale-factor space .	Searching for the best-fit cosmological parameters in the presence of such a dark energy spike gives a far smaller chi-square value by about five times the number of additional parameters introduced and narrower constraints on matter density and Hubble constant compared with the best-fit $ \Lambda\textrm { CDM } $ model .	The significant improvement in reducing chi-square mainly comes from the better fitting of Planck temperature power spectrum around the third ( $ \ell \approx 800 $ ) and sixth ( $ \ell \approx 1800 $ ) acoustic peaks .
+0	Quarkonium decays are studied in the charmonium model .	Relativistic corrections , higher-order perturbative QCD corrections and non- perturbative contributions are discussed .	Recent measurements of charmonium annihilation rates are used to evaluate the strong coupling constant $ \alpha_s $ simultaneously with the wave functions ( and their derivatives ) at the origin .	Further predictions are made for yet unobserved decay rates .	The various models for quarkonium production in hadronic collisions are critically reviewed .
+3	This analysis allows to explain why the results of most numerical studies so far have been described with effective power-laws and also permits to determine the observed anomalous temperature-dependence of the characteristic growth exponents .	We study the thermally assisted relaxation of a directed elastic line in a two dimensional quenched random potential by solving numerically the Edwards-Wilkinson equation and the Monte Carlo dynamics of a solid-on-solid lattice model .	We show that the aging dynamics is governed by a growing correlation length displaying two regimes : an initial thermally dominated power-law growth which crosses over , at a static temperature-dependent correlation length $ L_T \sim T^3 $ , to a logarithmic growth consistent with an algebraic growth of barriers .	We present a scaling arguments to deal with the crossover-induced geometrical and dynamical effects .	We argue that a similar mechanism should be at work in other disordered systems .
+0	Absolute cross sections for the K-shell photoionization of Be-like boron ions were measured with the ion-photon merged-beams technique at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron radiation facility .	High-resolution spectroscopy with E/ $ \Delta $ E up to 8800 ( $ \Delta $ E $ \sim $ 22 meV ) covered the energy ranges 193.7 -- 194.7 eV and 209 -- 215 eV .	Lifetimes of the strongest resonances are determined with relative uncertainties down to approximately 4 % for the broadest resonance .	The measured resonance strengths are consistent with 60 % $ \rm 1s^22s^2 $ $ ^1S $ ground-state and 40 % $ \rm 1s^22s2p $ $ ^3P^o $ metastable-state ions in the primary ion beam and confirmed by comparison with independent absolute photo-recombination heavy-ion storage-ring measurements with B $ ^ { 2+ } $ ions using the principle of detailed balance .	Experimental determination of the line width for the $ \rm 1s2s^22p $ $ ^1 $ P $ ^ { \rm o } $ resonance gives a value of 47 $ \pm $ 2 meV and compares favourably to a theoretical estimate of 47 meV from the R-matrix with pseudo-states ( RMPS ) method .
+4	In the case of period 2 ground state , the single-particle density matrix has been expressed in terms of a hypergeometric function , and its spatial decay has been extracted .	We consider the one-dimensional spinless Falicov-Kimball model of itinerant fermionic particles ( `` spinless electrons '' ) , which can hop between nearest-neighbour sites only , and of immobile particles ( `` classical ions '' ) , with an on-site attraction .	Extensive studies of the ground-state phase diagram of this system and its higher dimensional counterparts , carried out up to now , concentrated on determining ground-state arrangements of ions on the underlying lattice , while the properties of electrons were typically ignored .	We report studies of short- and long-range correlations between electrons , and between ions and electrons , and of the spatial decay of electron correlations ( decay of single-particle density matrix ) , in the ground state .	The studies have been carried out analytically and by means of well-controlled numerical procedures .
+4	When $ d=1 $ , the gas particles move in just one dimension , and we prove that the rate of convergence of the actual motions of the piston to its averaged behavior is $ \mathcal { O } ( M^ { -1/2 } ) $ on the time scale $ M^ { 1/2 } $ .	We study a heavy piston of mass $ M $ that moves in one dimension .	The piston separates two gas chambers , each of which contains finitely many ideal , unit mass gas particles moving in $ d $ dimensions , where $ d\geq 1 $ .	Using averaging techniques , we prove that the actual motions of the piston converge in probability to the predicted averaged behavior on the time scale $ M^ { 1/2 } $ when $ M $ tends to infinity while the total energy of the system is bounded and the number of gas particles is fixed .	Neishtadt and Sinai previously pointed out that an averaging theorem due to Anosov should extend to this situation .
+1	All three planets are inflated , with radii 1.7-1.8 Rjup .	We report three new transiting hot-Jupiter planets discovered from the WASP surveys combined with radial velocities from OHP/SOPHIE and Euler/CORALIE and photometry from Euler and TRAPPIST .	All orbit hot stars , F5-F7 , and all three stars have evolved , post-MS radii ( 1.7-2.2 Rsun ) .	Thus the three planets , with orbits of 1.8-3.9 d , are among the most irradiated planets known .	This reinforces the correlation between inflated planets and stellar irradiation .
+2	The investigation of the dynamical status is also performed by using X-ray data stored in the Chandra archive .	We present the results of the dynamical analysis of the rich , hot , and X-ray very luminous galaxy cluster A2219 , containing a powerful diffuse radio-halo .	Our analysis is based on new redshift data for 27 galaxies in the cluster region , measured from spectra obtained at the TNG , with the addition of other 105 galaxies recovered from reduction of CFHT archive data in a cluster region of about 5 arcmin radius ( about 0.8 Mpc h^-1 at the cluster distance ) centered on the cD galaxy .	Further , valuable information comes from other bands - optical photometric , infrared , and radio data - which are analyzed and/or discussed , too .	Our analyses support the view of the connection between extended radio emission and merging phenomena in galaxy clusters .
+3	For RKHSs $ \mathscr { H } $ of functions defined on a prescribed countable infinite discrete set $ V $ , we characterize those which contain the Dirac masses $ \delta_ { x } $ for all points $ x $ in $ V $ .	We study reproducing kernels , and associated reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces ( RKHSs ) $ \mathscr { H } $ over infinite , discrete and countable sets $ V $ .	In this setting we analyze in detail the distributions of the corresponding Dirac point-masses of $ V $ .	Illustrations include certain models from neural networks : An Extreme Learning Machine ( ELM ) is a neural network-configuration in which a hidden layer of weights are randomly sampled , and where the object is then to compute resulting output .	Further examples and applications where this question plays an important role are : ( i ) discrete Brownian motion-Hilbert spaces , i.e. , discrete versions of the Cameron-Martin Hilbert space ; ( ii ) energy-Hilbert spaces corresponding to graph-Laplacians where the set $ V $ of vertices is then equipped with a resistance metric ; and finally ( iii ) the study of Gaussian free fields .
+3	This contradicts the conventional CF model or at least requires a major revision of the model .	Central cool gas component that is often observed from a well-relaxed cluster system has long been interpreted as a consequence of `` Cooling Flow '' ( CF ) , radiative cooling followed by inflow of Intra-Cluster Medium ( ICM ) .	However , recent XMM-Newton spectroscopy has shown no signatures of cooler gas phases below certain temperatures in typical CF clusters ( A1795 , Tamura et al .	2001 ; A1835 , Peterson et al.2001 ) .	In order to investigate statistical properties of the central cool component , we performed systematic analysis of ASCA data on 85 clusters .
+4	In head-to-head tests against one of the best existing robust probabilistic parsing models , which we call P-CFG , the HBG model significantly outperforms P-CFG , increasing the parsing accuracy rate from 60 % to 75 % , a 37 % reduction in error .	We describe a generative probabilistic model of natural language , which we call HBG , that takes advantage of detailed linguistic information to resolve ambiguity .	HBG incorporates lexical , syntactic , semantic , and structural information from the parse tree into the disambiguation process in a novel way .	We use a corpus of bracketed sentences , called a Treebank , in combination with decision tree building to tease out the relevant aspects of a parse tree that will determine the correct parse of a sentence .	This stands in contrast to the usual approach of further grammar tailoring via the usual linguistic introspection in the hope of generating the correct parse .
+4	All these events are formalized semantically using respective domain ontologies and RDF representations of the Web resources being accessed .	A useful step towards better interpretation and analysis of the usage patterns is to formalize the semantics of the resources that users are accessing in the Web .	We focus on this problem and present an approach for the semantic formalization of usage logs , which lays the basis for eective techniques of querying expressive usage patterns .	We also present a query answering approach , which is useful to nd in the logs expressive patterns of usage behavior via formulation of semantic and temporal-based constraints .	We have processed over 30 thousand user browsing sessions extracted from usage logs of DBPedia and Semantic Web Dog Food .
+0	We analyze electron spin relaxation in electronic transport through coherently coupled double quantum dots in the spin blockade regime .	In particular , we focus on hyperfine interaction as the spin relaxation mechanism .	We pay special attention to the effect of the dynamical nuclear spin polarization induced by the electronic current on the nuclear environment .	We discuss the behaviour of the electronic current and the induced nuclear spin polarization versus an external magnetic field for different hyperfine coupling intensities and interdot tunnelling strengths .	We take into account , for each magnetic field , all hyperfine mediated spin relaxation processes coming from the different opposite spin levels approaches .
+3	We show that this offers significant computational advantages over a single moving frame for our study of discrete integrable systems .	Group based moving frames have a wide range of applications , from the classical equivalence problems in differential geometry to more modern applications such as computer vision .	Here we describe what we call a discrete group based moving frame , which is essentially a sequence of moving frames with overlapping domains .	We demonstrate a small set of generators of the algebra of invariants , which we call the discrete Maurer -- Cartan invariants , for which there are recursion formulae .	We demonstrate that the discrete analogues of some curvature flows lead naturally to Hamiltonian pairs , which generate integrable differential-difference systems .
+0	The purpose of this paper is to study quasinormal modes ( QNM ) of the Bardeen black hole due to scalar perturbations .	We have done a thorough analysis of the QNM frequencies by varying the charge $ q $ , mass $ M $ and the spherical harmonic index $ l $ .	The unstable null geodesics are used to compute the QNM 's in the eikonal limit .	Furthermore , massive scalar field modes are also studied by varying the mass of the field .	Comparisons are done with the QNM frequencies of the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole .
+2	Recently , the observation of unexpected excesses at TeV energy down to angular scale as narrow as $ \sim10\deg $ raised the possibility that the problem of the origin of galactic cosmic rays may be addressed by studying the anisotropy .	Measuring the anisotropy of the arrival direction distribution of cosmic rays provides important information on the propagation mechanisms and the identification of their sources .	In fact , the flux of cosmic rays is thought to be dependent on the arrival direction only due to the presence of nearby cosmic ray sources or particular magnetic-field structures .	The ARGO-YBJ experiment is a full-coverage EAS array , sensitive to cosmic rays with energy threshold of a few hundred GeV .	Searching for small-size deviations from the isotropy , the ARGO-YBJ collaboration explored the declination region $ \delta\sim-20^ { \circ } \div 80^ { \circ } $ , making use of about 3.7 $ \cdot10^ { 11 } $ events collected from November 2007 to May 2012 .
+3	The images of AFM/FFM showed that LB films of modified Cu nanoparticles were composed of many nanoparticles arranged closely and orderly and the nanoparticles had favorable behaviors of lower friction .	Langmuir-Blodgett ( LB ) films of dialkyldithiophosphate ( DDP ) modified Cu nanoparticles were prepared .	The structure , microfrictional behaviors and adhesion of the LB films were investigated by transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) and atomic/friction force microscopy ( AFM/FFM ) .	Our results showed that the modified Cu nanoparticles have a typical core-shell structure and fine film-forming ability .	The friction loop of the films indicated that the friction force was affected prominently by the surface slope of the Cu nanoparticles and the microfrictional behaviors showed obvious `` ratchet effect '' .
+2	We use a simple trace criterion to classify multilayers into three classes that represent rotations , translations , or parallel displacements .	We reelaborate on the basic properties of lossless multilayers by using bilinear transformations .	We study some interesting properties of the multilayer transfer function in the unit disk , showing that hyperbolic geometry turns out to be an essential tool for understanding multilayer action .	Moreover , we show that these three actions can be decomposed as a product of two reflections in hyperbolic lines .	Therefore , we conclude that hyperbolic reflections can be considered as the basic pieces for a deeper understanding of multilayer optics .
+1	Risaliti et al .	Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) show excess X-ray emission above 10 keV compared with extrapolation of spectra from lower energies .	have recently attempted to model the hard X-ray excess in the type 1.8 AGN NGC 1365 , concluding that the hard excess most likely arises from Compton-scattered reflection of X-rays from an inner accretion disk close to the black hole .	Their analysis disfavored a model in which the hard excess arises from a high column density of circumnuclear gas partially covering a primary X-ray source , despite such components being required in the NGC 1365 data below 10 keV .	Using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer approach , we demonstrate that this conclusion is invalidated by ( i ) use of slab absorption models , which have unrealistic transmission spectra for partial covering gas , ( ii ) neglect of the effect of Compton scattering on transmitted spectra and ( iii ) inadequate modeling of the spectrum of scattered X-rays .
+4	We observe a degradation of the stability whose dependence with the modulation frequency reproduces the theoretical predictions for the intermodulation effect .	The short-term stability of passive atomic frequency standards , especially in pulsed operation , is often limited by local oscillator noise via intermodulation effects .	We present an experimental demonstration of the intermodulation effect on the frequency stability of a continuous atomic fountain clock where , under normal operating conditions , it is usually too small to observe .	To achieve this , we deliberately degrade the phase stability of the microwave field interrogating the clock transition .	We measure the frequency stability of the locked , commercial-grade local oscillator , for two modulation schemes of the microwave field : square-wave phase modulation and square-wave frequency modulation .
+2	In the frame of the Parker 's dynamo theory a model of the double magnetic cycle is presented .	It has been argued that the solar magnetic cycle consists of two main periodic components : a low-frequency component ( Hale 's 22-year cycle ) and a high-frequency component ( quasi-biennial cycle ) .	The existence of the double magnetic cycle on the Sun is confirmed using Stanford , Mount Wilson and Kitt Peak magnetograph data from 1976 to 1996 ( solar cycles 21 and 22 ) .	This model is based on the idea of two dynamo sources separated in space .	The first source of the dynamo action is located near the bottom of the convection zone , and the second operates near the top .
+0	This is a summary of a general discussion held during the third EuroConference on galaxy evolution .	Various observational features of the stellar populations in present -- day dwarf galaxies were presented to introduce the discussion on the possibility that these systems be the main building blocks of spiral and elliptical galaxies .	Many people in the audience turned out to think that the inconsistencies among the observed properties of large and dwarf galaxies are too many to believe that the former are built up only by means of successive accretions of the latter .	However , theorists of hierarchical galaxy formation suggested that present -- day dwarfs are not representative of the galactic building blocks , which may be completely invisible nowadays .	Some of them suggested that , contrary to what is usually assumed in hierarchical modelling , the actual building blocks were still fully gaseous systems when their major mergers occurred .
+4	We find that these singularities cause additional side peaks in the inelastic current .	Phonon cavities are believed to be the next step towards a control of dephasing in semiconductor quantum dot `qubits ' .	In this paper , we discuss two models for phonon cavities - a surface acoustic wave ( SAW ) inter-digitated transducer on an infinite half-space , and an elastic thin slab .	The inelastic current through double quantum dots in non-perfect SAW cavities exhibits a gap at small energies and is completely suppressed in a perfect , infinite system .	In the free-standing slab model , van Hove singularities evolve in the phonon spectral density .
+3	We aim to generalize their result characterizing this PROP in terms of generators and relations by looking at the PROP $ \mathrm { Mat } ( R ) $ of matrices of values in $ R $ , where $ R $ is a commutative rig ( that is , a generalization of a ring where the condition that each element has an additive inverse is relaxed ) .	A PROP is a symmetric monoidal category whose objects are the nonnegative integers and whose tensor product on objects is addition .	A morphism from $ m $ to $ n $ in a PROP can be visualized as a string diagram with $ m $ input wires and $ n $ output wires .	For a field $ k $ , the PROP $ \mathrm { FinVect } _k $ where morphisms are $ k $ -linear maps is used by Baez and Erbele to study signal-flow diagrams .	To this end , we show that the category of symmetric monoidal functors out of $ \mathrm { Mat } ( R ) $ is equivalent to the category of bicommutative bimonoids equipped with a certain map of rigs ; such functors are called algebras .
+3	Theoretically , we obtain new exponential lower bounds on the worst-case complexities in a variety of settings that are important for practical computation .	In three-dimensional computational topology , the theory of normal surfaces is a tool of great theoretical and practical significance .	Although this theory typically leads to exponential time algorithms , very little is known about how these algorithms perform in `` typical '' scenarios , or how far the best known theoretical bounds are from the real worst-case scenarios .	Here we study the combinatorial and algebraic complexity of normal surfaces from both the theoretical and experimental viewpoints .	Experimentally , we study the worst-case and average-case complexities over a comprehensive body of roughly three billion input triangulations .
+2	A subsequent dimensional reduction leads to the KP equation in $ ( 1+2 ) $ dimensions after the relationship from the Plebanski second heavenly function , $ \Omega $ , to the KP function , $ u $ , is obtained .	Starting from a self-dual $ SU ( \infty ) $ Yang-Mills theory in $ ( 2+2 ) $ dimensions , the Plebanski second heavenly equation is obtained after a suitable dimensional reduction .	The self-dual gravitational background is the cotangent space of the internal two-dimensional Riemannian surface required in the formulation of $ SU ( \infty ) $ Yang-Mills theory .	Also a complexified KP equation is found when a different dimensional reduction scheme is performed .	Such relationship between $ \Omega $ and $ u $ is based on the correspondence between the $ SL ( 2 , R ) $ self-duality conditions in $ ( 3+3 ) $ dimensions of Das , Khviengia , Sezgin ( DKS ) and the ones of $ SU ( \infty ) $ in $ ( 2+2 ) $ dimensions .
+0	The Standard Vicsek Model ( SVM ) is a minimal nonequilibrium model of self-propelled particles that appears to capture the essential ingredients of critical flocking phenomena .	In the SVM , particles tend to align with each other and form ordered flocks of collective motion ; however , perturbations controlled by a noise term lead to a noise-driven , continuous order-disorder phase transition .	In this work , we extend the SVM by introducing a parameter $ \alpha $ that allows particles to be individualistic instead of gregarious , i.e.to choose a direction of motion independently of their neighbors .	By focusing on the small-noise regime , we show that a relatively small probability of individualistic motion ( around 10 % ) is sufficient to drive the system from a Vicsek-like ordered phase to a disordered phase .	Despite the fact that the $ \alpha- $ extended Model preserves the O ( n ) symmetry , the interaction range , as well as the dimensionality of the underlying SVM , this novel phase transition is found to be discontinuous ( first-order ) , an intriguing manifestation of the richness of the nonequilibrium flocking/swarming phenomenon .
+2	In other words , all these manifolds have families of almost Cauchy-Riemann ( CR ) structures .	We study the equations governing rigid N=1 supersymmetry in five dimensions .	If the supersymmetry spinor satisfies a reality condition , these are foliations admitting families of almost complex structures on the leaves .	After deriving integrability conditions under which circumstances the almost CR structure defines a CR manifold or a transversally holomorphic foliation ( THF ) , we discuss implications on localization .	We also discuss potential global obstructions to the existence of solutions .
+4	Accounting for the variation of the dielectric permittivity at the protein-implant interface we use a model distance-dependent dielectric function to describe the inter-atom electrostatic ( Coulomb ) interactions in the adsorption potential .	Motivated by experimentally observed biocompatibility enhancement of nanoengineered cubic zirconia ZrO2 coatings to mesenchymal stromal cells , we have carried out computational analysis of the initial immobilization of one of known structural fragment of the adhesive protein ( fibronectin ) on the corresponding surface .	We constructed an atomistic model of the zirconia nano-hillock of 3-fold symmetry based on AFM and TEM images .	First-principle quantum-mechanical calculations show a substantial variation of electrostatic potential at the hillock due to the presence of surface features such as edges and vertexes .	Using an implemented Monte Carlo simulated annealing method we found the orientation of the immobilized protein on the zirconia surface ( both flat and nanostructured ) and contribution of the each amino acid residue from the protein sequence to the adsorption energy .
+4	We find that the 3D spectra predict significantly lower surface gravities , with corrections of the right amplitude as a function of effective temperature to obtain values of log g ~ 8 on average .	The surface gravities of cool ( Teff & lt ; 13,000 K ) hydrogen-atmosphere DA white dwarfs , determined from spectroscopic analyses , are found to be significantly higher than the canonical value of log g ~ 8 expected for these stars .	It was recently concluded that a problem with the treatment of convective energy transport within the framework of the mixing-length theory was the most plausible explanation for this high-log g problem .	We pursue the investigation of this discrepancy by computing model spectra of cool convective white dwarfs from a small sequence ( 11,300 K & lt ; Teff & lt ; 12,800 K ) of 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres , which feature a sophisticated treatment of convection and radiative transfer .	Our approach is to proceed with a differential analysis between 3D and standard 1D models .
+3	constitute strong evidence for the importance of electron-electron interactions even in the integer effect .	Electron-electron interactions seem to play a surprisingly small role in the description of the integer quantum Hall effect , considering that for just slightly different filling factors the interactions are of utmost importance causing the interaction-mediated fractional quantum Hall effect .	However , recent imaging experiments by Cobden et al .	and Ilani et al .	The experiments report on measurements of the conductance and electronic compressibility of mesoscopic MOSFET devices that show disagreement with predictions from the single particle model .
+1	It has been hypothesized that this configuration creates adhesion by allowing for long range capillary forces , or alternatively , by allowing for exit of the liquid and thus improving contact of the toe pad .	The toe pads of frogs consist of soft hexagonal structures and a viscous liquid contained between and within the hexagonal structures .	In this work we suggest interaction between viscosity and elasticity as a mechanism to create temporary adhesion , even in the absence of capillary effects or van der Waals forces .	We initially illustrate this concept experimentally by a simplified configuration consisting of two surfaces connected by a liquid bridge and elastic springs .	We then utilize poroelastic mixture theory and model frog 's toe pads as an elastic porous medium , immersed within a viscous liquid and pressed against a rigid rough surface .
+4	140 , 2004 , in press ] .	This is largely an attempt to provide probabilists some orientation to an important class of non-linear partial differential equations in applied mathematics , the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations .	Particular focus is given to the probabilistic framework introduced by LeJan and Sznitman [ Probab .	Theory Related Fields 109 ( 1997 ) 343-366 ] and extended by Bhattacharya et al . [ Trans.Amer.Math.Soc .	355 ( 2003 ) 5003-5040 ; IMA Vol.Math.Appl. , vol .
+3	Working in a translationally-invariant harmonic oscillator basis for the two- and three-nucleon systems , we evolve the Hamiltonian , square-radius and total dipole strength operators by the similarity renormalization group ( SRG ) .	The past two decades have seen a revolution in ab initio calculations of nuclear properties .	One key element has been the development of a rigorous effective interaction theory , applying unitary transformations to soften the nuclear Hamiltonian and hence accelerate the convergence as a function of the model space size .	For consistency , however , one ought to apply the same transformation to other operators when calculating transitions and mean values from the eigenstates of the renormalized Hamiltonian .	The inclusion of up to three-body matrix elements in the 4He nucleus all but completely restores the invariance of the expectation values under the transformation .
+3	In particular , the anti-symmetric component of the meridional flow shows a decrease in speed with activity .	Data obtained by the GONG and MDI instruments over the last seven years are used to study how solar dynamics -- both rotation and other large scale flows -- have changed with time .	In addition to the well known phenomenon of bands of faster and slower rotation moving towards the equator and pole , we find that the zonal flow pattern rises upwards with time .	Like the zonal flows , the meridional flows also show distinct solar activity related changes .	We do not see any significant temporal variations in the dynamics of the tachocline region where the solar dynamo is believed to be operating .
+2	Two scenarios are considered : ( 1 ) A_0 = 0 GeV and tan ( beta ) =10 and ( 2 ) A_0 = -500 GeV and tan ( beta ) =40 .	In this short note , we describe the preparation of updated templates for the interpretation of SUSY results from the LHC in the context of mSUGRA .	The standard ( m_0 , m_ { 1/2 } ) plane is shown for fixed mu & gt ; 0 and m_t = 173.2 GeV .	In each case , the universal scalar mass parameter m_0 varies in the range [ 40,3000 ] GeV , while the universal gaugino mass parameter m_ { 1/2 } varies in the range [ 100,1000 ] GeV .	We delineate notable regions in parameter space , including the region with a charged LSP ( stau ) , the LEP2 reach , and the cosmologically preferred region with 100 % neutralino dark matter .
+3	Additional heuristics suggest that jittered sampling should be able to improve known bounds on the inverse of the star-discrepancy in the regime $ N \gtrsim d^d $ .	We study the discrepancy of jittered sampling sets : such a set $ \mathcal { P } \subset [ 0,1 ] ^d $ is generated for fixed $ m \in \mathbb { N } $ by partitioning $ [ 0,1 ] ^d $ into $ m^d $ axis aligned cubes of equal measure and placing a random point inside each of the $ N = m^d $ cubes .	We prove that , for $ N $ sufficiently large , $ $ \frac { 1 } { 10 } \frac { d } { N^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } + \frac { 1 } { 2d } } } \leq \mathbb { E } D_N^* ( \mathcal { P } ) \leq \frac { \sqrt { d } ( \log { N } ) ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } } { N^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } + \frac { 1 } { 2d } } } , $ $ where the upper bound with an unspecified constant $ C_d $ was proven earlier by Beck .	Our proof makes crucial use of the sharp Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz inequality and a suitably taylored Bernstein inequality ; we have reasons to believe that the upper bound has the sharp scaling in $ N $ .	We also prove a partition principle showing that every partition of $ [ 0,1 ] ^d $ combined with a jittered sampling construction gives rise to a set whose expected squared $ L^2- $ discrepancy is smaller than that of purely random points .
+1	The BFKL equation resums large logarithms that dominate the cross section for this process .	Virtual photon scattering in $ e^+e^- $ collisions can result in events with the electron-positron pair produced at large rapidity separation in association with hadrons .	After a brief overview of analytic BFKL resummation and its experimental status , we report on a Monte Carlo method for solving the BFKL equation that allows kinematic constraints to be taken into account .	We discuss results for $ e^+e^- $ collisions using both fixed-order QCD and the BFKL approach .	We conclude with some brief comments on the status of NLL calculations .
+1	An SL ( 3 ) symmetry in this theory , which acts on fields as well as coupling constants , is identified .	We study a three-dimensional gauge theory obtained from the dimensional reduction of a D4-brane worldvolume theory in the background of space-time moduli .	By comparing the energies with the string tensions , we show that certain 1/2 supersymmetric classical solutions of this theory can be identified as SL ( 3 , Z ) multiplets of type II strings in eight dimensions .	Results are then generalized to the non-linear Born-Infeld action .	We also discuss the possibility of 1/8 BPS states in this theory and their representations in terms of string networks .
+0	Recently , several new materials exhibiting massless Dirac fermions have been proposed .	However , many of these do not have the typical graphene honeycomb lattice , which is often associated with Dirac cones .	Here , we present a classification of these different two-dimensional Dirac systems based on the space groups , and discuss our findings within the context of a minimal two-band model .	In particular , we show that the emergence of massless Dirac fermions can be attributed to the mirror symmetries of the materials .	Moreover , we uncover several novel Dirac systems that have up to twelve inequivalent Dirac cones , and show that these can be realized in ( twisted ) bilayers .
+3	By applying certain torus-equivariant blow-ups to a special class of smooth projective toric varieties , such generators can be constructed in every complex dimension that is odd or one less than a prime power .	Although it is well-known that the complex cobordism ring is a polynomial ring $ \Omega_ { * } ^ { U } \cong\mathbb { Z } \left [ \alpha_ { 1 } , \alpha_ { 2 } , \ldots\right ] $ , an explicit description for convenient generators $ \alpha_ { 1 } , \alpha_ { 2 } , \ldots $ has proven to be quite elusive .	The focus of the following is to construct complex cobordism polynomial generators in many dimensions using smooth projective toric varieties .	These generators are very convenient objects since they are smooth connected algebraic varieties with an underlying combinatorial structure that aids in various computations .	A large amount of evidence suggests that smooth projective toric varieties can serve as polynomial generators in the remaining dimensions as well .
+1	We consider a general class of hidden Markov models in continuous time with compact signal state space , and call such a model observable if no two initial measures of the signal process give rise to the same law of the observation process .	This paper develops a connection between the asymptotic stability of nonlinear filters and a notion of observability .	We demonstrate that observability implies stability of the filter , i.e. , the filtered estimates become insensitive to the initial measure at large times .	For the special case where the signal is a finite-state Markov process and the observations are of the white noise type , a complete ( necessary and sufficient ) characterization of filter stability is obtained in terms of a slightly weaker detectability condition .	In addition to observability , the role of controllability in filter stability is explored .
+3	A service-based execution environment architecture based on the IEC 61499 Function Block model is proposed and a case study is used to demonstrate dynamic reconfiguration .	In the paper by W. Dai et al . ( IEEE Trans .	On Industrial Informatics , vol.11 , no.3 , pp .	771-781 , June 2015 ) , a formal model is described for the application of SOA in the distributed automation domain in order to achieve flexible automation systems .	In this letter , a review of the literature related to the use of SOA in Industrial Automation Systems is given to set up a context for the discussion of the proposed in the above paper SOA IEC61499 formal model .
+2	Due to the microwave FDM , MKIDs do not require the complex cryogenic multiplexing electronics used for similar detectors , such as Transition Edge Sensors ( TESs ) , but instead transfer this complexity to room temperature electronics where they present a formidable signal processing challenge .	Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors ( MKIDs ) are superconducting detectors capable of counting single photons and measuring their energy in the UV , optical , and near-IR .	MKIDs feature intrinsic frequency domain multiplexing ( FDM ) at microwave frequencies , allowing the construction and readout of large arrays .	In this paper we describe the first successful effort to build a readout for a photon counting optical/near-IR astronomical instrument , the ARray Camera for Optical to Near-infrared Spectrophotometry ( ARCONS ) .	This readout is based on open source hardware developed by the Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research ( CASPER ) .
+2	Here , we develop a rigorous theoretical strategy based on the ionization energy theory ( IET ) to unambiguously explain why and how a certain gas molecule intrinsically prefers a particular oxide surface .	Metal-oxide sensors are widely used due to their sensitivities to different types of gaseous , and these sensors are suitable for long-term applications , even in the presence of corrosive environments .	However , the microscopic mechanisms with quantum effects , which are required to understand the gas-oxide interactions are not well developed despite the oxide sensors potential applications in numerous fields , namely , medicine ( breath-sensors ) , engineering ( gas-sensors ) and food processing ( odor-sensors ) .	We make use of the renormalized ionic displacement polarizability functional derived from the IET to show that the gas/surface interaction strength ( sensing sensitivity ) between an oxide surface and an isolated gas molecule can be predicted from the polarizability of these two systems .	Such predictions are extremely important for the development of health monitoring bio-sensors , as well as to select the most suitable oxide to detect a particular gas with optimum sensitivity .
+2	This isotropic homogeneous CPT structure filling the space vacuum presently defines an extremely cold dark energy condition ( & lt ; & lt ; CMBR ) that dictates an equally extremely cold baryonic dark matter .	A numerical and dimensional correlation supported by reported literature experimental evidence ( Homes , Harshmann along with Voyager , EGRET , FERMI , WMAP , Planck and other space platforms ) is presented which indicates that superconductivity is congruent with Charge Conjugation , Parity Change and TimeReversal ( CPT ) theorem and scalable with Friedmann Lemaire Robertson Walker ( FLRW ) cosmology within the concept of Schwinger pair production , Maxwell 's permittivity-permeability and the de Broglie hypothesis .	This momentum and energy conserving ( elastic ) CPT resonant structural lattice reverses phase and group velocities at the nuclear dimension as dictated by the speed of light and is scalable over 15 ours of magnitude from nuclear to universe dimensions , from the universe Big Bang event to present and is consistent with nuclear ( quark ) weak and strong forces , electromagnetic and gravitational forces being mediated by a particle of constant mass ( 110.123 x electron mass or 56.3 MeV/c2 ) related to the Higgs mass .	The model predicts a deceleration value consistent with flat galactic rotation curves and with observed Pioneer 10 and 11 deep space translation and rotational deceleration and is generally consistent with the notion that : An object moving through momentum space will decelerate .	This deceleration concept allows Type 1A supernovae universe expansion data to be interpreted as if the local universe is slowing down with respect to the rest .
+4	Those sources , that do not show evidence for a soft excess , based on the F-test probability at a 99 % confidence level , were also fitted with the absorbed power-law with a low energy black-body component model with the black-body temperature fixed at 0.1 and 0.2 keV .	We undertake a spectral study of a sample of bright X-ray sources taken from six XMM-Newton fields at high galactic latitudes , where AGN are the most populous class .	These six fields were chosen such that the observation had an exposure time more than 60 ksec , had data from the EPIC-pn detector in the full-Frame mode and lying at high galactic latitude $ |b| & gt ; 25^o $ .	The analysis started by fitting the spectra of all sources with an absorbed power-law model , and then we fitted all the spectra with an absorbed power-law with a low energy black-body component model.The sources for which we added a black body gave an F-test probability of 0.01 or less ( i.e.at 99 % confidence level ) , were recognized as sources that display soft excess .	We perform a comparative analysis of soft excess spectral parameters with respect to the underlying power-law one for sources that satisfy this criterion .
+3	Each sender compresses the channel output that is observes using a compression scheme that is \`a-la Lim et al .	In this paper , we first study a two-user interference channel with generalized feedback .	We establish an inner bound on its capacity region .	The coding scheme that we employ for the inner bound is based on an appropriate combination of Han-Kobayash rate splitting and compress-and-forward at the senders .	noisy network coding and Avestimeher et al .
+4	The profile of the light curve folded at P_o shows a sharp peak lasting ~ 12 d , over a flat plateau .	We report on the temporal and spectral properties of the HMXB IGR J16283-4838 in the hard X-ray band .	We searched the first 88 months of Swift BAT survey data for long-term periodic modulations .	We also investigated the broad band ( 0.2 -- 150 keV ) spectral properties of IGR J16283 -- 4838 complementing the BAT dataset with the soft X-ray data from the available Swift-XRT pointed observations .	The BAT light curve of IGR J16283-4838 revealed a periodic modulation at P_o=287.6+7-1.7 days ( with a significance higher than 4 standard deviations ) .
+1	We use this notion to classify *-homomorphisms from separable , unital , nuclear C*-algebras into ultrapowers of simple , unital , nuclear , Z-stable C*-algebras with compact extremal trace space up to 2-coloured equivalence by their behaviour on traces ; this is based on a 1-coloured classification theorem for certain order zero maps , also in terms of tracial data .	We introduce the concept of finitely coloured equivalence for unital *-homomorphisms between C*-algebras , for which unitary equivalence is the 1-coloured case .	As an application we calculate the nuclear dimension of non-AF , simple , separable , unital , nuclear , Z-stable C*-algebras with compact extremal trace space : it is 1 .	In the case that the extremal trace space also has finite topological covering dimension , this confirms the remaining open implication of the Toms-Winter conjecture .	Inspired by homotopy-rigidity theorems in geometry and topology , we derive a `` homotopy equivalence implies isomorphism '' result for large classes of C*-algebras with finite nuclear dimension .
+2	Its peak f_X from 0.3 -- 100 keV of 5.3x10^-8 erg/cm2/s is nearly 7000 times larger than the star 's quiescent coronal flux , and the change in magnitude in the white filter is & gt ; 4.7 .	We report on a large stellar flare from the nearby dMe flare star EV Lac observed by the Swift and Konus-Wind satellites and the Liverpool Telescope .	It is the first large stellar flare from a dMe flare star to result in a Swift trigger based on its hard X-ray intensity .	This flare also caused a transient increase in EV Lac 's bolometric luminosity ( L_bol ) during the early stages of the flare , with a peak estimated L_X/L_bol ~3.1 .	We apply flare loop hydrodynamic modeling to the plasma parameter temporal changes to derive a loop semi-length of l/Rstar =0.37 +/-0.07 .
+4	In addition , we conjecture an explicit expression for this partition function at the `` second solvable point '' where the spectator matter is in fact another $ M_ { 2/5 } $ ( Yang-Lee ) minimal model .	The four-point perturbative contribution to the spherical partition function of the gravitational Yang-Lee model is evaluated numerically .	An effective integration procedure is due to a convenient elliptic parameterization of the moduli space .	At certain values of the `` spectator '' parameter the Liouville four-point function involves a number of `` discrete terms '' which have to be taken into account separately .	The classical limit , where only discrete terms contribute , is also discussed .
+1	Our objective is to obtain information on the asymptotic expansions of the corresponding resolvent and the heat kernel .	We consider second-order elliptic partial differential operators acting on sections of vector bundles over a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary , working without the assumption of Laplace-like principal part $ -\N^\mu\N_\mu $ .	The heat kernel and the Green 's function are constructed explicitly in the leading order .	The first two coefficients of the heat kernel asymptotic expansion are computed explicitly .	A new semi-classical ansatz as well as the complete recursion system for the heat kernel of non-Laplace type operators is constructed .
+2	We describe the whole range of the probability distributions depending on the function k_n , as soon as it tends jointly with n to infinity .	An and/or tree is usually a binary plane tree , with internal nodes labelled by logical connectives , and with leaves labelled by literals chosen in a fixed set of k variables and their negations .	In the present paper , we introduce the first model of such Catalan trees , whose number of variables k_n is a function of n , the size of the expressions .	As a by-product we obtain a study of the satisfiability problem in the context of Catalan trees .	Our study is mainly based on analytic combinatorics and extends the Kozik 's pattern theory , first developed for the fixed-k Catalan tree model .
+0	We present a new and simple technique for selecting extensive , complete and pure quasar samples , based on their intrinsic variability .	We parametrize the single-band variability by a power-law model for the light-curve structure function , with amplitude A and power-law index gamma .	We show that quasars can be efficiently separated from other non-variable and variable sources by the location of the individual sources in the A-gamma plane .	We use ~60 epochs of imaging data , taken over ~5 years , from the SDSS stripe 82 ( S82 ) survey , where extensive spectroscopy provides a reference sample of quasars , to demonstrate the power of variability as a quasar classifier in multi-epoch surveys .	For UV-excess selected objects , variability performs just as well as the standard SDSS color selection , identifying quasars with a completeness of 90 % and a purity of 95 % .
+1	This is significantly easier to use than the Darboux method .	We demonstrate an alternative method for calculating the asymptotic behaviour of the discrete one-coin quantum walk on the infinite line , via the Jacobi polynomials that arise in the path integral representation .	It also provides a single integral representation for the wavefunction that works over the full range of positions , $ n , $ including throughout the transitional range where the behaviour changes from oscillatory to exponential .	Previous analyses of this system have run into difficulties in the transitional range , because the approximations on which they were based break down here .	The fact that there are two different kinds of approach to this problem ( Path Integral vs. Schr\ '' { o } dinger wave mechanics ) is ultimately a manifestation of the equivalence between the path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics and the original formulation developed in the 1920s .
+3	As a by-product we show that the unit-root sub-F-isocrystal of the de Rham cohomology of the Legendre family of ordinary elliptic curves is not overconvergent in Berthelot 's sense .	This article is the first one of a series of three articles devoted to L-functions .	In this one we give a definition of the L-functions of convergent or overconvergent F-modules with the help of Teichm\ '' uller liftings and we establish the meromorphy of the L-functions of convergent F-modules in the closed unit disk .	Wan has established Dwork conjecture in a series of three articles ; owing to an isogeny theorem of Katz , his proof reduces to the ordinary case : here we prove , on two explicit examples related to families of elliptic curves , that the slope filtration on an ordinary overconvergent F-module does'nt lift to an overconvergent filtration .	In the second article we 'll give a definition of the L-functions of F- ( iso ) crystals by cohomological means and we 'll show how it matches with the one given here : it gives back the one used in crystalline cohomology by Katz or Etesse , or the one used in rigid cohomology by Etesse-Le Stum , or the one used by Wan ; the aim is then to give a proof of Katz conjecture on p-adic unit roots and poles of these L-functions using rigid cohomology .
+4	The composition \bm { S } _n^ { 2\beta } ( c^2 { L } ^ { \nu_1 , ... , \nu_m } ( t ) ) , t & gt ; 0 , supplies a probabilistic representation for the solutions of the fractional equations above and coincides for \beta = 1 with the n-dimensional Brownian motion at the time { L } ^ { \nu_1 , ... , \nu_m } ( t ) , t & gt ; 0 .	In this paper we consider the general fractional equation \sum_ { j=1 } ^m \lambda_j \frac { \partial^ { \nu_j } } { \partial t^ { \nu_j } } w ( x_1 , ... , x_n ; t ) = -c^2 ( -\Delta ) ^\beta w ( x_1 , ... , x_n ; t ) , for \nu_j \in ( 0,1 ] , \beta \in ( 0,1 ] with initial condition w ( x_1 , ... , x_n ; 0 ) = \prod_ { j=1 } ^n \delta ( x_j ) .	The solution of the Cauchy problem above coincides with the distribution of the n-dimensional process \bm { S } _n^ { 2\beta } \mathcal { L } c^2 { L } ^ { \nu_1 , ... , \nu_m } ( t ) \r , t & gt ; 0 , where \bm { S } _n^ { 2\beta } is an isotropic stable process independent from { L } ^ { \nu_1 , ... , \nu_m } ( t ) which is the inverse of { H } ^ { \nu_1 , ... , \nu_m } ( t ) = \sum_ { j=1 } ^m \lambda_j^ { 1/\nu_j } H^ { \nu_j } ( t ) , t & gt ; 0 , with H^ { \nu_j } ( t ) independent , positively-skewed stable r.v .	's of order \nu_j .	The problem considered includes the fractional telegraph equation as a special case as well as the governing equation of stable processes .
+3	Then , we try to disentangle the locality issue from the existence of joint distributions by introducing two models accounting for the EPR correlations but denying the existence of joint distributions .	Bell 's theorem is a statement by which averages obtained from specific types of statistical distributions must conform to a family of inequalities .	These models , in accordance with the EPR argument , provide for the simultaneous existence of quantum mechanically incompatible quantities .	We first recall several contradictions arising between the assumption of a joint distribution for incompatible observables and the probability structure of quantum-mechanics , and conclude that Bell 's theorem is not expected to be relevant to quantum phenomena described by non-commuting observables , irrespective of the issue of locality .	We will see that these models do not need to resort explicitly to non-locality : the first model relies on conservation laws for ensembles , and the second model on an equivalence class by which different configurations lead to the same physical predictions .
+2	Such difference operators can be constructed by means of $ U_q ( sl_2 ) $ , the quantum deformation of the $ sl_2 $ algebra .	A class of second order difference ( discrete ) operators with a partial algebraization of the spectrum is introduced .	The eigenfuncions of the algebraized part of the spectrum are polinomials ( discrete polinomials ) .	The roots of polinomials determine the spectrum and obey the Bethe Ansatz equations .	A particular case of difference equations for $ q $ -hypergeometric and Askey-Wilson polinomials is discussed .
+0	We consider sparticle decays that violate tau lepton number , motivated by neutrino oscillation data .	We work in the context of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model ( CMSSM ) , in which the different sleptons have identical masses at the GUT scale , and neutrino Dirac Yukawa couplings mix them .	We find that the branching ratio for decay of the heavier neutralino chi_2 to chi + tau mu is enhanced when the LSP mass m_chi = m_stau_1 , including the region of CMSSM parameter space where coannihilation keeps the relic chi density within the range preferred by cosmology .	Thus chi_2 to chi + tau mu decay may provide a physics opportunity for observing the violation of tau lepton number at the LHC that is complementary to tau to mu + gamma decay .	Likewise , chi_2 to chi + e mu decay is also enhanced in the coannihilation region , providing a complement to mu to e + gamma decay .
+0	A simple and popular constitutive model used to describe the compressional strength of a consolidating strongly cohesive particulate gel is tested further with new experimental data .	Strong cohesive particulate gels have variously been described as being ratchet ( poro ) elastic , on the one hand , and as having a yield stress in compression , on the other , to the point where same groups of workers have used both descriptions at one time or another .	The dichotomy is real though as such gels do show a hitherto somewhat puzzling elastic-plastic duality .	This can be explained in part by the strong concentration dependence of the modulus since this leads to irreversible volumetric strain-hardening , in effect , the ratchet ; but only in small part .	The real problem seems to be that , until very recently , most work on consolidation has neglected what what Michaels and Bolger told us to do over 50 years ago , viz .
+1	Electric transport measurement indicates that Bi $ _ { 2 } $ YO $ _ { 4 } $ Cu $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 2 } $ behaves metallic .	We have investigated the physical properties of a new layered oxyselenide Bi $ _ { 2 } $ YO $ _ { 4 } $ Cu $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 2 } $ , which crystallizes in an unusual intergrowth structure with Cu $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 2 } $ and Bi $ _ { 2 } $ YO $ _ { 4 } $ layers .	Thermal transport and Hall measurements show that the type of the carriers is hole-like and it may be a potential thermoelectric material at high temperatures .	First principle calculations are in agreement with experimental results and show that Bi $ _ { 2 } $ YO $ _ { 4 } $ Cu $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 2 } $ is a quasi-2D metal .	Further theoretical investigation suggests the ground states of the Bi $ _ { 2 } $ YO $ _ { 4 } $ Cu $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 2 } $ -type can be tuned by designing the blocking layers , which will enrich the physical properties of these compounds .
+4	We discuss possible explanations for this , the most likely of which is that the drop in flux is the blue wing of the relativistically broadened iron K alpha emission line .	The Narrow-line Seyfert I galaxy , 1H0707-495 , has been well observed in the 0.3-10 keV band , revealing a dramatic drop in flux in the iron K alpha band , a strong soft excess , and short timescale reverberation lags associated with these spectral features .	In this paper , we present the first results of a deep 250 ks NuSTAR observation of 1H0707-495 , which includes the first sensitive observations above 10 keV .	Even though the NuSTAR observations caught the source in an extreme low-flux state , the Compton hump is still significantly detected .	NuSTAR , with its high effective area above 7 keV , clearly detects the drop in flux in the iron K alpha band , and by comparing these observations with archival XMM-Newton observations , we find that the energy of this drop increases with increasing flux .
+0	Masillo [ 1 ] commented on our manuscript [ 2 ] `` Observation of a Fast Evolution in a Parity-time-symmetric System '' , pointing out a contradiction of our work with Ref . [ 3 ] .	In this reply , we pointed out there is no disagreement between Masillo 's comment and our work in Ref . [ 2 ] .	The efficiency cost pointed out in Ref.\cite { masillo } exists , namely to obtain the PT-symmetric hamiltonian evolution , one has to make a measurement on the auxiliary qubit and the auxiliary qubit is at state $ |0\ket $ only probabilistically .	This is reflected in the amplitude of the spectrum in the NMR quantum simulation .	As a result , we made a small modification in a new version of the Ref . [ 2 ] , and Fig.2 of Ref .
+0	We provide a generalization of the Lie algebra of conformal Killing vector fields to conformal Killing-Yano forms .	A new Lie bracket for conformal Killing-Yano forms that corresponds to slightly modified Schouten-Nijenhuis bracket of differential forms is proposed .	We show that conformal Killing-Yano forms satisfy a graded Lie algebra in constant curvature manifolds .	It is also proven that normal conformal Killing-Yano forms in Einstein manifolds also satisfy a graded Lie algebra .	The constructed graded Lie algebras reduce to the graded Lie algebra of Killing-Yano forms and the Lie algebras of conformal Killing and Killing vector fields in special cases .
+4	We develop the theory of TTMCMC , illustrating it with normal mixtures with unknown number of components applied to three well-known real data sets .	In this article , we propose a novel and general dimension-hopping MCMC methodology that can update all the parameters as well as the number of parameters simultaneously using simple deterministic transformations of some low-dimensional ( often one-dimensional ) random variable .	This methodology , which has been inspired by the recent Transformation based MCMC ( TMCMC ) ( Dutta & amp ; Bhattacharya ( 2014 ) ) for updating all the parameters simultaneously in general fixed-dimensional set-ups using low-dimensional ( usually one-dimensional ) random variables , facilitates great speed in terms of computation time and provides high acceptance rates , thanks to the low-dimensional random variables which effectively reduce the dimension dramatically .	Quite importantly , our transformation based approach provides a natural way to automate the move-types in the variable dimensional problems .	We refer to this methodology as Transdimensional Transformation based Markov Chain Monte Carlo ( TTMCMC ) .
+3	The focus is then shifted from a general presentation to the relation between supersymmetry and complex geometry as manifested in the possible target space geometries for N=1 and N=2 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models in four dimensions .	This set of lectures contain a brief review of some basic supersymmetry and its representations , with emphasis on superspace and superfields .	Starting from the Poincar\'e group , the supersymmetric extensions allowed by the Coleman-Mandula theorem and its generalisation to superalgebras , the Haag , Lopuszanski and Sohnius theorem , are discussed .	Minkowski space is introduced as a quotient space and Superspace is presented as a direct generalization of this .	Gauging of isometries in nonlinear sigma models is discussed for these cases , and the quotient construction is described .
+3	Using dual-beam interferometry in the bullfrog 's sacculus , we found that thermal movements of stereocilia located as far apart as a bundle 's opposite edges display high coherence and negligible phase lag .	The hair cell 's mechanoreceptive organelle , the hair bundle , is highly sensitive because its transduction channels open over a very narrow range of displacements .	The synchronous gating of transduction channels also underlies the active hair-bundle motility that amplifies and tunes responsiveness .	The extent to which the gating of independent transduction channels is coordinated depends on how tightly individual stereocilia are constrained to move as a unit .	Because the mechanical degrees of freedom of stereocilia are strongly constrained , a force applied anywhere in the hair bundle deflects the structure as a unit .
+2	If the current SNR shell expansion speed is greater than 3000 km/s , a $ 15 M_\odot $ Type II supernova with a moderate kinetic energy exploding at about 150 pc away is favored .	We show that ( 1 ) the newly discovered supernova remnant ( SNR ) , GRO J0852 -- 4642/RX J0852.0 -- 4622 , was created by a core-collapse supernova of a massive star , and ( 2 ) the same supernova event which produced the $ ^ { 44 } $ Ti detected by COMPTEL from this source is probably also responsible for a large fraction of the observed $ ^ { 26 } $ Al emission in the Vela region detected by the same instrument .	The first conclusion is based on the fact that the remnant is currently expanding too slowly given its young age for it to be caused by a Type Ia supernova .	If the SNR expansion speed is lower than 2000 km s $ ^ { -1 } $ , as derived naively from the X-ray data , a much more energetic supernova is required to have occurred at $ \sim250 $ pc away in a dense environment at the edge of the Gum nebula .	This progenitor has a preferred ejecta mass of $ \le10 M_\odot $ and therefore , it is probably a Type Ib or Type Ic supernova .
+1	Bayesian estimation of such models typically relies on sampling from the posterior distribution using Markov chain Monte Carlo .	Mixture models are flexible tools in density estimation and classification problems .	Label switching arises because the posterior is invariant to permutations of the component parameters .	Methods for dealing with label switching have been studied fairly extensively in the literature , with the most popular approaches being those based on loss functions .	However , many of these algorithms turn out to be too slow in practice , and can be infeasible as the size and dimension of the data grow .
+3	Appropriate H\ '' older spaces , which can be seen as Campanato-type spaces , are characterized through Bessel harmonic extensions and fractional Carleson measures .	Motivated by the Poisson equation for the fractional Laplacian on the whole space with radial right hand side , we study global H\ '' older and Schauder estimates for a fractional Bessel equation .	Our methods stand on the so-called semigroup language .	Indeed , by using the solution to the Bessel heat equation we derive pointwise formulas for the fractional operators .	From here the regularity estimates for the fractional Bessel equations follow .
+0	We investigate whether magnetic interaction between close-in giant planets and their host stars produce observable statistical enhancements in stellar coronal or chromospheric activity .	New Chandra observations of 12 nearby ( d & lt ; 60 pc ) planet-hosting solar analogs are combined with archival Chandra , XMM-Newton , and ROSAT coverage of 11 similar stars to construct a sample inoculated against inherent stellar class and planet-detection biases .	Survival analysis and Bayesian regression methods ( incorporating both measurements errors and X-ray upper limits ; 13/23 stars have secure detections ) are used to test whether `` hot Jupiter '' hosts are systematically more X-ray luminous than comparable stars with more distant or smaller planets .	No significant correlations are present between common proxies for interaction strength ( Mp/a^2 or 1/a ) versus coronal activity ( Lx or Lx/Lbol ) .	In contrast , a sample of 198 FGK main-sequence stars does show a significant ( ~99 % confidence ) increase in X-ray luminosity with Mp/a^2 .
+3	We prove that the Sobol ' indices of the multilinear extension gives the square of the Fourier transform , a well-known concept in computer sciences .	The Choquet integral and the Owen extension ( or multilinear extension ) are the most popular tools in multicriteria decision making to take into account the interaction between criteria .	It is known that the interaction transform and the Banzhaf interaction transform arise as the average total variation of the Choquet integral and multilinear extension respectively .	We consider in this note another approach to define interaction , by using the Sobol ' indices which are related to the analysis of variance of a multivariate model .	We also relate the latter to the Banzhaf interaction transform and compute the Sobol ' indices for the 2-additive Choquet integral .
+1	The system integrates an amalgam of radio technologies such as LTE , WLAN and TETRA to provide heterogeneous communications in the deployment location .	This paper introduces a rapidly deployable wireless network based on Low Altitude Platforms and portable land units to support disaster-relief activities , and to extend capacity during temporary mass events .	Cognitive radio is used for autonomous network con ? guration .	Sensor networks monitor the environment in real-time during relief activities and provide distributed spectrum sensing capacities .	Finally , remote communications are supported via S-band satellite links .
+2	We consider instead the sensitivity of quantum evolution to perturbations in the Hamiltonian .	Classical chaotic dynamics is characterized by the exponential sensitivity to initial conditions .	Quantum mechanics , however , does not show this feature .	This is observed as an atenuation of the Loschmidt Echo , $ M ( t ) $ , i.e.the amount of the original state ( wave packet of width $ \sigma $ ) which is recovered after a time reversed evolution , in presence of a classically weak perturbation .	By considering a Lorentz gas of size $ L $ , which for large $ L $ is a model for an { \it unbounded } classically chaotic system , we find numerical evidence that , if the perturbation is within a certain range , $ M ( t ) $ decays exponentially with a rate $ 1/\tau_ { \phi } $ determined by the Lyapunov exponent $ \lambda $ of the corresponding classical dynamics .
+2	In many real situations it is natural to assume that some observers are more trusted than others in the sense that they have more knowledge of their measurement apparatuses .	The future of quantum communication relies on quantum networks composed by observers sharing multipartite quantum states .	The certification of multipartite entanglement will be crucial to the usefulness of these networks .	Here we propose a general method to certify all kinds of multipartite entanglement in this asymmetric scenario and experimentally demonstrate it in an optical experiment .	Our results , which can be seen as a definition of genuine multipartite quantum steering , give a method to detect entanglement in a scenario in between the standard entanglement and fully device-independent scenarios , and provide a basis for semi-device-independent cryptographic applications in quantum networks .
+0	Among the usual constraints of ( 1,1 ) supergravity in d=2 the condition of vanishing bosonic torsion is dropped .	Using the inverse supervierbein and the superconnection considerably simplifies the formidable computational problems .	It allows to solve the constraints for those fields before taking into account the ( identically fulfilled ) Bianchi identities .	The relation of arbitrary functions in the seminal paper of Howe to supergravity multiplets is clarified .	The local supersymmetry transformations remain the same , but , somewhat surprisingly , the transformations of zweibein and Rarita-Schwinger field decouple from those of the superconnection multiplet .
+2	The data are described with a phenomenological approach based on a combination of a quasi-free model and a partial wave expansion for three-body reaction .	An exclusive measurement of the dd - & gt ; 3He n \pi 0 reaction was carried at a beam momentum of p = 1.2 GeV/c using the WASA-at-COSY facility .	For the first time data on the total cross section as well as differential distributions were obtained .	The total cross section is found to be \sigma ( tot ) = ( 2.89 +- 0.01 ( stat ) +- 0.06 ( sys ) +- 0.29 ( norm ) ) \mu b .	The contribution of the quasi-free processes ( with the neutron being target or beam spectator ) accounts for 38 % of the total cross section and dominates the differential distributions in specific regions of the phase space .
+4	Here we proposed an architecture named Dynamic and Scalable Storage Management ( DSSM ) architecture in grid environments .	Big data storage management is one of the most challenging issues for Grid computing environments , since large amount of data intensive applications frequently involve a high degree of data access locality .	Grid applications typically deal with large amounts of data .	In traditional approaches high-performance computing consists dedicated servers that are used to data storage and data replication .	In this paper we present a new mechanism for distributed and big data storage and resource discovery services .
+0	Indirect magnetoelectric effect has been studied in magnetostrictive-film/substrate/piezoelectric-actuator heterostructures .	Two different substrates have been employed : a flexible substrate ( Young 's modulus of 4 GPa ) and a rigid one ( Young 's modulus of 180 GPa ) .	A clear optimization of the indirect magnetoelectric coupling , studied by micro-strip ferromagnetic resonance , has been highlighted when using the polymer substrate .	However , in contrast to the rigid substrate , the flexible substrate also leads to an a priori undesirable and huge uniaxial anisotropy which seems to be related to a non equibiaxial residual stress inside the magnetostrictive film .	The strong amplitude of this non equibiaxiallity is due to the large Young 's modulus mismatch between the polymer and the magnetostrictive film which leads to a slight curvature along a given direction during the elaboration process and thus to a large magnetoelastic anisotropy .
+2	We present two ways to train the three-view embedding : supervised , with the third view coming from ground-truth labels or search keywords ; and unsupervised , with semantic themes automatically obtained by clustering the tags .	This paper investigates the problem of modeling Internet images and associated text or tags for tasks such as image-to-image search , tag-to-image search , and image-to-tag search ( image annotation ) .	We start with canonical correlation analysis ( CCA ) , a popular and successful approach for mapping visual and textual features to the same latent space , and incorporate a third view capturing high-level image semantics , represented either by a single category or multiple non-mutually-exclusive concepts .	To ensure high accuracy for retrieval tasks while keeping the learning process scalable , we combine multiple strong visual features and use explicit nonlinear kernel mappings to efficiently approximate kernel CCA .	To perform retrieval , we use a specially designed similarity function in the embedded space , which substantially outperforms the Euclidean distance .
+1	The previous MHD model ( Shi \ & amp ; Li 2009 ) is re-examined and the relation between the frequencies of the kHz QPOs and the accretion rate in LMXBs is obtained .	We study the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations ( kHz QPOs ) in neutron star low mass X-ray binaries ( LMXBs ) with a new magnetohydrodynamics ( MHD ) model , in which the compressed magnetosphere is considered .	Our result agrees with the observations of six sources ( 4U 0614+09 , 4U 1636 -- 53 , 4U 1608 -- 52 , 4U 1915 -- 15 , 4U 1728 -- 34 , XTE 1807 -- 294 ) with measured spins .	In this model the kHz QPOs originate from the MHD waves in the compressed magnetosphere .	The single kHz QPOs and twin kHz QPOs are produced in two different parts of the accretion disk and the boundary is close to the corotation radius .
+0	The ATLAS experiment measures yields of isolated photons and of Z and W bosons via leptonic decay modes in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt ( s_NN ) =2.76 TeV .	The data samples used in the analysis were obtained in the year 2010 and year 2011 LHC runs and correspond to 5 ub-1 and 0.15 nb-1 of integrated luminosity respectively .	The measured yields of all bosons are consistent with the scaling proportional to the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions .	The transverse momentum distributions are measured for isolated photons and for Z bosons for different centrality bins .	The shapes of measured distributions do not change with centrality .
+3	Although ideal condensates can support an exciton supercurrent , it has not been clear how such a current could be induced or detected , or how its experimental manifestation would be altered by the phase-fixing exciton creation and annhilation processes which are inevitably present .	Bose condensation is responsible for many of the most spectacular effects in physics because it can promote quantum behavior from the microscopic to the macroscopic world .	Bose condensates can be distinguished by the condensing object ; electron-electron Cooper-pairs are responsible for superconductivity , Helium atoms for superfluidity , and ultracold alkali atoms in vapors for coherent matter waves .	Electron-hole pair ( exciton ) condensation has maintained special interest because it has been difficult to realize experimentally , and because exciton phase coherence is never perfectly spontaneous .	In this article we explain how to induce an exciton supercurrent in separately contacted bilayer condensates , and predict electrical effects which enable unambiguous detection .
+2	Here , recent development in discontinuous Galerkin methods are explored and exploited for the solution of a prototype nonlinear strain gradient dependent continuum model .	The numerical solution of strain gradient-dependent continuum problems has been dogged by continuity demands on the basis functions .	For most commonly accepted models , solutions using the finite element method demand $ C^ { 1 } $ continuity of the shape functions .	A formulation is developed that allows the rigorous solution of a strain gradient damage model using standard $ C^ { 0 } $ shape functions .	The formulation is tested in one-dimension for the simplest possible finite element formulation : piecewise linear displacement and constant ( on elements ) internal variable .
+1	Stillinger and A. Rahman , J. Chem.Phys .	We propose a simple extension of the well known ST2 model for water [ F.H .	{ \bf 60 } , 1545 ( 1974 ) ] that allows for a continuous modification of the hydrogen bond angular flexibility .	We show that the bond flexibility affects the relative thermodynamic stability of the liquid and of the hexagonal ( or cubic ) ice .	On increasing flexibility , the liquid-liquid critical point , which in the original ST2 model is located in the no-man 's land ( i. e. the region where ice is the thermodynamically stable phase ) progressively moves to a temperature where the liquid is more stable than ice .
+2	We first briefly review the formalism of thermal field theory and show how dimensional reduction emerges as the high-temperature limit for static quantities .	This paper is a slightly modified version of the introductory part of a doctoral dissertation also containing the articles hep-ph/0311268 , hep-ph/0510375 , hep-ph/0512177 and hep-ph/0701250 .	The thesis discusses effective field theory methods , in particular dimensional reduction , in the context of finite temperature field theory .	Then we apply dimensional reduction to two distinct problems , the pressure of electroweak theory and the screening masses of mesonic operators in hot QCD , and point out the similarities .	We summarize the results and discuss their validity , while leaving all details to original research articles .
+1	We employ the cavity method of statistical physics to find the optimal density matrix representation by slowly decreasing the temperature in an annealing algorithm , or by minimizing an approximate Bethe free energy depending on the reduced density matrices and some cavity messages originated from the Bethe approximation of the entropy .	Given a locally consistent set of reduced density matrices , we construct approximate density matrices which are globally consistent with the local density matrices we started from when the trial density matrix has a tree structure .	We obtain the classical Bethe expression for the entropy within a naive ( mean-field ) approximation of the cavity messages , which is expected to work well at high temperatures .	In the next order of the approximation , we obtain another expression for the Bethe entropy depending only on the diagonal elements of the reduced density matrices .	In principle , we can improve the entropy approximation by considering more accurate cavity messages in the Bethe approximation of the entropy .
+3	The major metric is constituted by combining possible factors that most significantly determine or affect the life expectancy of people in this country .	This study is mainly aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of current health care systems of several representative countries and improving that of the US .	To achieve these goals , a people-oriented non-linear evaluation model is designed .	It comprises one major evaluation metric and four minor metrics .	The four minor metrics evaluate less important aspects of health care systems and are subordinate to the major one .
+0	We discuss higher loop corrections to gauge coupling renormalization in the context of gauge coupling unification via Kaluza-Klein thresholds .	We show that in the case N=1 supersymmetric compactifications the one-loop threshold contributions are dominant , while the higher loop correction are subleading .	This is due to the fact that at heavy Kaluza-Klein levels the spectrum as well as the interactions are N=2 supersymmetric .	In particular , we give two different arguments leading to this result - one is field theoretic , while the second one utilizes the power of string perturbation techniques .	To illustrate our discussions we perform explicit two-loop computations of various corrections to gauge couplings within this framework .
+3	We find that the photon spectrum from the signal process can be well isolated .	We perform the first experimental study with full detector simulation for the radiative production of neutralinos at the linear collider , at sqrt { s } = 500 GeV and realistic beam polarizations .	We consider all relevant backgrounds , like the Standard Model background from radiative neutrino production .	The longitudinal polarized beams enhance the signal and simultaneously reduce the background , such that statistical errors are significantly reduced .	The neutralino mass and the cross section can be measured at a few per-cent level , with the largest systematic uncertainties from the measurement of the beam polarization and the beam energy spectrum .
+3	For any $ \alpha \geq 1 $ , let $ \cDazz $ be the unital algebra generated by the differential operators of $ \kzz $ which increase the degree in $ z $ by at least $ \alpha-1 $ and $ \ataz $ the group of automorphisms $ F_t ( z ) =z-H_t ( z ) $ of $ \kttzz $ with $ o ( H_t ( z ) ) \geq \alpha $ and $ H_ { t=0 } ( z ) =0 $ .	Let $ K $ be any unital commutative $ \mathbb Q $ -algebra and $ z= ( z_1 , ... , z_n ) $ commutative or noncommutative free variables .	Let $ t $ be a formal parameter which commutes with $ z $ and elements of $ K $ .	We denote uniformly by $ \kzz $ and $ \kttzz $ the formal power series algebras of $ z $ over $ K $ and $ K [ [ t ] ] $ , respectively .	First , for any fixed $ \alpha \geq 1 $ and $ F_t\in \ataz $ , we introduce five sequences of differential operators of $ \kzz $ and show that their generating functions form a $ \mathcal N $ CS ( noncommutative symmetric ) system [ Z4 ] over the differential algebra $ \cDazz $ .
+1	We show that it is possible to monitor the robust entanglement generated between two successive experimental atoms passing through the cavity by the control decoherence parameters .	We consider a realistic model for the one-atom micromaser consisting of a cavity maintained in a steady state by the streaming of two-level Rydberg atoms passing one at a time through it .	We calculate the entanglement of formation of the joint two-atom state as a function of the micromaser pump parameter .	We find that this is in direct correspondence with the difference of the Shannon entropy of the cavity photons before and after the passage of the atoms for a reasonable range of dissipation parameters .	It is thus possible to demonstrate information transfer between the cavity and the atoms through this set-up .
+3	We use a maximum entropy reconstruction algorithm to find the density field containing the least information which is consistent with the observations .	We have developed a technique to map the three-dimensional structure of the local interstellar medium using a maximum entropy reconstruction technique .	A set of column densities N to stars of known distance can in principle be used to recover a three-dimensional density field n , since the two quantities are related by simple geometry through the equation N = C n , where C is a matrix characterizing the stellar spatial distribution .	In practice , however , there is an infinte number of solutions to this equation .	The solution obtained with this technique is , in some sense , the model containing the minimum structure .
+1	The frequencies of these features were recently shown to be comparable to fundamental general relativistic frequencies of perturbed test-particle orbits near the compact objects .	Accreting neutron stars and black holes share a number of rapid variability characteristics , such as quasi-periodic oscillations and broad-band noise .	In this paper we propose a dynamical model for producing modulations in the inner disk properties at these characteristic frequencies .	We postulate that a transition radius exists in the accretion disk close to the compact object and investigate its response to a broad spectrum of density fluctuations .	We find that the transition radius acts as a low band-pass filter with a broadband response that is constant at frequencies lower than the inverse radial drift timescale and decreases above it as the inverse of the frequency .
+0	We have explored the Eu production in the Milky Way by means of a very detailed chemical evolution model .	In particular , we have assumed that Eu is formed in merging neutron star ( or neutron star black hole ) binaries as well as in type II supernovae .	We have tested the effects of several important parameters influencing the production of Eu during the merging of two neutron stars , such as : i ) the time scale of coalescence , ii ) the Eu yields and iii ) the range of initial masses for the progenitors of the neutron stars .	The yields of Eu from type II supernovae are very uncertain , more than those from coalescing neutron stars , so we have explored several possibilities .	We have compared our model results with the observed rate of coalescence of neutron stars , the solar Eu abundance , the [ Eu/Fe ] versus [ Fe/H ] relation in the solar vicinity and the [ Eu/H ] gradient along the Galactic disc .
+3	Temporal immunity $ \tau ( G ) \ge 0 $ is defined as the time that a decontaminated vertex of $ G $ can remain continuously exposed to some contaminated neighbor without getting infected itself .	Faults and viruses often spread in networked environments by propagating from site to neighboring site .	We model this process of { \em network contamination } by graphs .	Consider a graph $ G= ( V , E ) $ , whose vertex set is contaminated and our goal is to decontaminate the set $ V ( G ) $ using mobile decontamination agents that traverse along the edge set of $ G $ .	The \emph { immunity number } of $ G $ , $ \iota_k ( G ) $ , is the least $ \tau $ that is required to decontaminate $ G $ using $ k $ agents .
+2	The process of T-completion is equally the enriched idempotent monad associated to T ( which we call the idempotent core of T ) , and we show that it exists as soon as every morphism in B factors as a T-dense morphism followed by a T-closed M-embedding .	Given a monad T on a suitable enriched category B equipped with a proper factorization system ( E , M ) , we define notions of T-completion , T-closure , and T-density .	We show that not only the familiar notions of completion , closure , and density in normed vector spaces , but also the notions of sheafification , closure , and density with respect to a Lawvere-Tierney topology , are instances of the given abstract notions .	The latter hypothesis is satisfied as soon as B has certain pullbacks as well as wide intersections of M-embeddings .	Hence the resulting theorem on the existence of the idempotent core of an enriched monad entails Fakir 's existence result in the non-enriched case , as well as adjoint functor factorization results of Applegate-Tierney and Day .
+0	The increasing precision in the determination of the Hubble parameter has reached a per cent level at which large-scale cosmic flows induced by inhomogeneities of the matter distribution become non-negligible .	Here we use large-scale cosmological N-body simulations to study statistical properties of the local Hubble parameter as measured by local observers .	We show that the distribution of the local Hubble parameter depends not only on the scale of inhomogeneities , but also on how one defines the positions of observers in the cosmic web and what reference frame is used .	Observers located in random dark matter haloes measure on average lower expansion rates than those at random positions in space or in the centres of cosmic voids , and this effect is stronger from the halo rest frames compared to the CMB rest frame .	We compare the predictions for the local Hubble parameter with observational constraints based on type Ia supernovae ( SNIa ) and CMB observations .
+2	Since spheres within bunches could be identical and bunches could be identical as well , the underlying symmetry groups could be of large order that grows with the number of participating spheres and bunches .	Many remarkably robust , rapid and spontaneous self-assembly phenomena in nature can be modeled geometrically starting from a collection of rigid bunches of spheres .	This paper highlights the role of symmetry in sphere-based assembly processes .	Thus , understanding symmetries and associated isomorphism classes of microstates correspond to various types of macrostates can significantly reduce the complexity of computing entropy and free energy , as well as paths and kinetics , in high dimensional configuration spaces .	In addition , a precise understanding of symmetries is crucial for giving provable guarantees of algorithmic accuracy and efficiency in such computations .
+2	We find that the spectra clearly divide into groups based on their continuum shapes and spectral features .	We are conducting a large observing program with the Spitzer Space Telescope to determine the mid-to-far infrared spectral energy distributions of a well-defined sample of 87 nearby , 12 micron-selected Seyfert galaxies .	In this paper we present the results of IRS low-resolution spectroscopy of a statistically representative subsample of 51 of the galaxies ( 59 % ) , with an analysis of the continuum shapes and a comparison of the Seyfert types .	Some spectral features are clearly related to a starburst contribution to the IR spectrum , while the mechanisms producing observed power-law continuum shapes , attributed to an AGN component , may be dust or non-thermal emission .	The infrared spectral types appear to be related to the Seyfert types .
+0	The metallic state of high temperature cuprate superconductors is markedly different from that of textbook metals .	The origin of this unconventional state , characterized by unusual and distinct temperature dependences in the transport properties , remains unresolved despite intense theoretical efforts .	Our understanding is impaired by our inability to determine experimentally the temperature and momentum dependence of the transport scattering rate .	Here we use a novel magnetotransport probe to show that the unusual temperature dependences of the resistivity and the Hall coefficient in highly doped Tl $ _2 $ Ba $ _2 $ CuO $ _ { 6+\delta } $ originate from two distinct inelastic scattering channels .	One channel is due to conventional electron-electron scattering whilst the other is highly anisotropic , has the same symmetry as the superconducting gap and a magnitude that grows approximately linearly with temperature .
+2	A straightforward maximum-light color criterion can weed out the minority of observed events that are either intrinsically subluminous or substantially extinguished by dust , leaving a majority subsample that has observational absolute-magnitude dispersions of less than $ \sigma_ { obs } ( M_B ) \simeq \sigma_ { obs } ( M_V ) \simeq 0.3 $ mag .	The focus of this review is the work that has been done during the 1990s on using Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) to measure the Hubble constant ( $ H_0 $ ) .	SNe Ia are well suited for measuring $ H_0 $ .	Correlations between absolute magnitude and one or more distance-independent SN Ia or parent-galaxy observables can be used to further standardize the absolute magnitudes to better than 0.2 mag .	The absolute magnitudes can be calibrated in two independent ways -- - empirically , using Cepheid-based distances to parent galaxies of SNe Ia , and physically , by light curve and spectrum fitting .
+4	As a byproduct , this approach could provide a natural way to solve the so called coincidence problem .	The cosmological constant $ \Lambda $ can be achieved as the result of entangled and statistically correlated minisuperspace cosmological states , built up by using a minimal choice of observable quantities , i.e. $ \Omega_ { m } $ and $ \Omega_ { k } $ , which assign the cosmic dynamics .	In particular , we consider a cosmological model where two regions , corresponding to two correlated eras , are involved ; the present universe description would be , in this way , given by a density matrix $ \hat \rho $ , corresponding to an entangled final state .	Starting from this assumption , it is possible to infer some considerations on the cosmic thermodynamics by evaluating the Von Neumann entropy .	The correlation between different regions by the entanglement phenomenon results in the existence of $ \Lambda $ ( in particular $ \Omega_ { \Lambda } $ ) which could be interpreted in the framework of the recent astrophysical observations .
+4	The scaling properties of masses and susceptibilities open the possibility that the effective theory at criticality is a scalar theory in the universality class of the four-dimensional Gaussian model .	The lattice phase structure of a gauge theory can be a serious obstruction to Monte Carlo studies of its continuum behaviour .	This issue is particularly delicate when numerical studies are performed to determine whether a theory is in a ( near- ) conformal phase .	In this work we investigate the heavy mass limit of the SU ( 2 ) gauge theory with Nf=2 adjoint fermions and its lattice phase diagram , showing the presence of a critical point ending a line of first order bulk phase transition .	The relevant gauge observables and the low-lying spectrum are monitored in the vicinity of the critical point with very good control over different systematic effects .
+3	We consider also the classical 'canonical ' transformation which maps the string fields to the classical Wakimoto ones .	We discuss the classical solutions of the equations of motion and the possible boundary condition for a bosonic string with Kalb-Ramond background in AdS3 .	It turns out that there exists three different physical sectors and that it is also possible to describe the motion on an extremal black hole background .	The existence of three sectors clearly shows how one of the spectra proposed is incomplete .	It turns however out that the Wakimoto fields are not free because of the boundary conditions and in order to have the usual mode expansion with reasonable behaviour under complex conjugation it is necessary to consider the complexification of AdS3 and then add some constraints .
+4	Fraudulent entities are found by employing a novel assessment algorithm , \textit { Iterative Assessment Algorithm } ( \textit { IAA } ) , also presented in the article .	The article proposes an expert system for detection , and subsequent investigation , of groups of collaborating automobile insurance fraudsters .	The system is described and examined in great detail , several technical difficulties in detecting fraud are also considered , for it to be applicable in practice .	Opposed to many other approaches , the system uses networks for representation of data .	Networks are the most natural representation of such a relational domain , allowing formulation and analysis of complex relations between entities .
+2	In ISSAC 2013 the current authors presented an algorithm that can efficiently and directly construct a TTICAD for a list of formulae in which each has an equational constraint .	When using cylindrical algebraic decomposition ( CAD ) to solve a problem with respect to a set of polynomials , it is likely not the signs of those polynomials that are of paramount importance but rather the truth values of certain quantifier free formulae involving them .	This observation motivates our article and definition of a Truth Table Invariant CAD ( TTICAD ) .	This was achieved by generalising McCallum 's theory of reduced projection operators .	In this paper we present an extended version of our theory which can be applied to an arbitrary list of formulae , achieving savings if at least one has an equational constraint .
+0	This paper studies the stability properties of a two dimensional relative velocity scheme for the Navier-Stokes equations .	This scheme inspired by the cascaded scheme has the particularity to relax in a frame moving with a velocity field function of space and time .	Its stability is studied first in a linear context then on the non linear test case of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability .	The link with the choice of the moments is put in evidence .	The set of moments of the cascaded scheme improves the stability of the d'Humi\`eres scheme for small viscosities .
+4	We also show that flaring must consist of unstable nuclear burning and that the mass accretion rate per unit emitting area of the neutron star mdot at the onset of flaring agrees well with the critical theoretical value at which burning becomes unstable .	Based on the results of applying the extended ADC emission model to three Z-track sources : GX340+0 , GX5-1 and CygX-2 , we propose an explanation of the Z-track sources in which the Normal and Horizontal Branches are dominated by the increasing radiation pressure of the neutron star .	The emitted flux becomes several times super-Eddington at the Hard Apex and Horizontal Branch and we suggest that the inner accretion disk is disrupted by this and that part of the accretion flow is diverted vertically .	This position on the Z-track is exactly the position where radio emission is detected showing the presence of jets .	We thus propose that high radiation pressure is a necessary condition for the launching of jets .
+1	With a particle mass $ m_\mathrm { p } =1.4 \times 10^4 $ \Msun , Aquarius yields more than 100 million particles within the virial radius of the central halo which has a mass of $ 1.8 \times 10^ { 12 } $ \Msun , similar to that of the Milky Way .	The Aquarius project is the first simulation that can resolve the full mass range of potential globular cluster formation sites .	With this particle mass , dark matter concentrations ( haloes ) as small as 10 $ ^6 $ M $ _\odot $ will contain a minimum of 100 particles.Here , we use this simulation to test a model of metal-poor globular cluster formation based on collapse physics .	In our model , globular clusters form when the virial temperatures of haloes first exceed $ 10^4 $ K as this is when electronic transitions allow the gas to cool efficiently .	We calculate the ionising flux from the stars in these first clusters and stop the formation of new clusters when all the baryonic gas of the galaxy is ionised .
+1	By exploring the phase space of neighbor distances and thermal expansion rates of the bonds , we determine the conditions under which NTE emerges .	We study negative thermal expansion ( NTE ) in model lattices with multiple atoms per cell and first- and second-nearest neighbor interactions using the ( anharmonic ) Morse potential .	By permitting all bond lengths to expand at different rates , we find that NTE is possible without appealing to fully rigid units .	Nearly constant , large-amplitude , isotropic NTE is observed up to the melting temperature in a classical molecular dynamics model of a $ \mathrm { ReO } _3 $ -like structure when the rigidity of octahedral units is almost completely eliminated .	Only weak NTE , changing over to positive expansion is observed when the corner-linked octahedra are rigid , with flexible second-neighbor bonds between neighboring octahedra permitting easy rotation .
+0	A crystal plasticity theory was developed for use in simulations of dynamic loading at high pressures and strain rates .	At pressures of the order of the bulk modulus , compressions o ( 100 % ) may be induced .	At strain rates o ( 10^9 ) /s or higher , elastic strains may reach o ( 10 % ) , which may change the orientation of the slip systems significantly with respect to the stress field .	Elastic strain rather than stress was used in defining the local state , providing a more direct connection with electronic structure predictions and consistency with the treatment of compression in initial value problems in continuum dynamics .	Plastic flow was treated through explicit slip systems , with flow on each system taken to occur by thermally-activated random jumps biased by the resolved stress .
+1	The cop moves from vertex to adjacent vertex with the goal of minimizing expected capture time .	We consider a variation of cop vs.\ robber on graph in which the robber is not restricted by the graph edges ; instead , he picks a time-independent probability distribution on $ V ( G ) $ and moves according to this fixed distribution .	Players move simultaneously .	We show that when the gambler 's distribution is known , the expected capture time ( with best play ) on any connected $ n $ -vertex graph is exactly $ n $ .	We also give bounds on the ( generally greater ) expected capture time when the gambler 's distribution is unknown to the cop .
+2	We analyse a large set of spectroscopic observations of HD45314 and HD60848 , extending over 20 years .	The Oe stars HD45314 and HD60848 have recently been found to exhibit very different X-ray properties : whilst HD60848 has an X-ray spectrum and emission level typical of most OB stars , HD45314 features a much harder and brighter X-ray emission , making it a so-called gamma Cas analogue .	Monitoring the optical spectra could provide hints towards the origin of these very different behaviours .	We further attempt to fit the H-alpha line profiles of both stars with a simple model of emission line formation in a Keplerian disk .	Strong variations in the strengths of the H-alpha , H-beta , and He I 5876 emission lines are observed for both stars .
+2	In this article we present a method , based on uniform spanning trees , to estimate how difficult it is to collapse a given $ 3 $ -sphere triangulation after removing a tetrahedron .	A triangulation of a $ 3 $ -manifold can be shown to be homeomorphic to the $ 3 $ -sphere by describing a discrete Morse function on it with only two critical faces , that is , a sequence of elementary collapses from the triangulation with one tetrahedron removed down to a single vertex .	Unfortunately , deciding whether such a sequence exist is believed to be very difficult in general .	In addition we show that out of all $ 3 $ -sphere triangulations with eight vertices or less , exactly $ 22 $ admit a non-collapsing sequence onto a contractible non-collapsible $ 2 $ -complex .	As a side product we classify all minimal triangulations of the dunce hat , and all contractible non-collapsible $ 2 $ -complexes with at most $ 18 $ triangles .
+1	chi ( x ) is a Majorana spinor , and M ( x ) a suitable Dirac-algebra valued field .	Local decompositions of a Dirac spinor into `charged ' and `real ' pieces psi ( x ) = M ( x ) chi ( x ) are considered .	Specific examples of the decomposition in 2+1 dimensions are developed , along with kinematical implications , and constraints on the component fields within M ( x ) sufficient to encompass the correct degree of freedom count .	Overall local reparametrisation and electromagnetic phase invariances are identified , and a dynamical framework of nonabelian gauge theories of noncompact groups is proposed .	Connections with supersymmetric composite models are noted ( including , for 2+1 dimensions , infrared effective theories of spin-charge separation in models of high-Tc superconductivity ) .
+1	For small planetary masses the standard type-I migration rates are so fast that this may result in an unrealistic loss of planets into the stars .	In isothermal disks the migration of protoplanets is directed inward .	We investigate the planet-disk interaction in non-isothermal disks and analyze the magnitude and direction of migration for an extended range of planet masses .	We have performed detailed two-dimensional numerical simulations of embedded planets including heating/cooling effects as well as radiative diffusion for realistic opacities .	In radiative disks , small planets with M_planet & lt ; 50 M_Earth do migrate outward with a rate comparable to absolute magnitude of standard type-I migration .
+1	In theoretical calculation , all of these observables can be classified into four Legendre classes and represented by associated Legendre polynomial function itself \cite { fasano92 } .	Have been analyzed the latest experimental data for $ \gamma + p \to K^ { + } + \Lambda $ reaction of $ C_ { x ' } $ and $ C_ { z ' } $ double polarizations .	In this analysis we attempt to determine the best data model for both observables .	We use the bayesian technique to select the best model by calculating the posterior probabilities and comparing the posterior among the models .	The posteriors probabilities for each data model are computed using a Nested sampling integration .
+3	Computing visibilities using the fast wavelet method adapts to the sparse representation of the primary beam and sky intensity in the wavelet basis .	Aperture array interferometers , such as that proposed for the Square Kilometre Array ( SKA ) , will see the entire sky , hence the standard approach to simulating visibilities will not be applicable since it relies on a tangent plane approximation that is valid only for small fields of view .	We derive interferometric formulations in real , spherical harmonic and wavelet space that include contributions over the entire sky and do not rely on any tangent plane approximations .	A fast wavelet method is developed to simulate the visibilities observed by an interferometer in the full-sky setting .	Consequently , the fast wavelet method exhibits superior computational complexity to the real and spherical harmonic space methods and may be performed at substantially lower computational cost , while introducing only negligible error to simulated visibilities .
+2	Such an approach enables us , for the first time , the direct and selective growth of freestanding membranes of atomically thin MoS2 layers across micrometer-scale pre-fabricated solid-state apertures in SiNx membranes .	We show that atomically thin molybdenum disulfide ( MoS2 ) crystals can grow without any underlying substrates into free-standing atomically-thin layers , maintaining their planar 2D form .	Using this property , we present a new mechanism for 2D crystal synthesis , i.e.reagent-limited nucleation near an aperture edge followed by reactions that allow crystal growth into the free-space of the aperture .	Under optimal conditions , MoS2 grows preferentially across apertures , resulting in sealed membranes that are one to a few atomic layers thick .	Since our method involves free-space growth and is devoid of either substrates or transfer , it is conceivably the most contamination-free method for obtaining 2D crystals reported so far .
+4	Charged tracks at a 100 TeV hadron collider complement indirect searches for relic winos .	We present a complete phenomenological prospectus for thermal relic neutralinos .	Including Sommerfeld enhancements to relic abundance and halo annihilation calculations , we obtain direct , indirect , and collider discovery prospects for all neutralinos with mass parameters $ M_1 , M_2 , |\mu| & lt ; 4 $ TeV , that freeze out to the observed dark matter abundance , with scalar superpartners decoupled .	Much of the relic neutralino sector will be uncovered by the direct detection experiments Xenon1T and LZ , as well as indirect detection with CTA .	We emphasize that thermal relic higgsinos will be found by next-generation direct detection experiments , so long as $ M_ { 1,2 } & lt ; 4 $ TeV .
+3	With that initial configuration for the molecular dynamics , the six-coordinated structure relaxed into four-coordinated arrangements within 112 fs and stabilized .	A theoretical treatment based upon the quasi-chemical theory of solutions predicts the most probable number of water neighbors in the inner shell of a Li+ ion in liquid water to be four .	The instability of a six water molecule inner sphere complex relative to four-coordinated structures is confirmed by an `ab initio ' molecular dynamics calculation .	A classical Monte Carlo simulation equilibrated 26 water molecules with a rigid six-coordinated Li ( H2O ) 6+ complex with periodic boundary conditions in aqueous solution .	This conclusion differs from prior interpretations of neutron and X-ray scattering results on aqueous solutions .
+1	Recent radio observations indicate that the jets turn off completely in the soft state , therefore multiwavelength monitoring of black hole transients are essential to probe the formation of jets .	Compact , steady jets are observed in the near infrared and radio bands in the hard state of Galactic black hole transients as their luminosity decreases and the source moves towards a quiescent state .	In this work we conducted a systematic study of all black hole transients with near infrared and radio coverage during their outburst decays .	We characterized the timescales of changes in X-ray spectral and temporal properties and also in near infrared and/or in radio emission .	We confirmed that state transitions occur in black hole transients at a very similar fraction of their respective Eddington luminosities .
+0	We demonstrate that due to strong modal interactions through cross-gain saturation , the onset of a new lasing mode can switch off an existing mode via a negative power slope .	In this process of interaction-induced mode switching ( IMS ) the two involved modes maintain their identities , i.e.they do not change their spatial field patterns or lasing frequencies .	For a fixed pump profile , a simple analytic criterion for the occurrence of IMS is given in terms of their self- and cross-interaction coefficients and non-interacting thresholds , which is verified for the example of a two-dimensional microdisk laser .	When the spatial pump profile is varied as the pump power is increased , IMS can be induced even when it would not occur with a fixed pump profile , as we show for two coupled laser cavities .	Our findings apply to steady-state lasing and are hence different from dynamical mode switching or hopping .
+2	For $ m=2 $ , our family reduces to the one given by Larsson and Semitecolos in 2001 .	We define a family of binary outcome $ n $ -party $ m\leq n $ settings per party Bell inequalities whose members require the least detection efficiency for their violation among all known inequalities of the same type .	This gives upper bounds for the minimum value of the critical efficiency -- - below which no violation is possible -- - achievable for such inequalities .	For $ m & gt ; 2 $ , a gap remains between these bounds and the best lower bounds .	The violating state near the threshold efficiency always approaches a product state of $ n $ qubits .
+1	The data , collected with the BaBar detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center , represent 232 million produced B-anti-B pairs .	We describe searches for decays to two-body charmless final states eta ' eta , eta ' pi0 and eta pi0 of B0 mesons produced in e+e- annihilation .	The results for branching fractions are , in units of 10^-6 ( upper limits at 90 % C.L .	) : BF ( B0 - & gt ; eta ' eta ) = 0.2 +0.7 -0.5 +/- 0.4 ( & lt ; 1.7 ) , BF ( B0 - & gt ; eta pi0 ) = 0.6 +0.5 -0.4 +/- 0.1 ( & lt ; 1.3 ) , and BF ( B0 - & gt ; eta ' pi0 ) = 0.8 +0.8 -0.6 +/- 0.1 ( & lt ; 2.1 ) .	The first error quoted is statistical and the second systematic .
+2	The optical absorption study in the range of 0.6-5.6 eV shows that the films are transparent below 1.9 eV ; above this energy four broad intense absorption bands are distinguished .	We report on optical studies of the thin films of multiferroic hexagonal ( P.G .	6mm ) rare-earth orthoferrites RFeO3 ( R=Ho , Er , Lu ) grown epitaxially on a ( 111 ) -surface of ZrO2 ( Y2O3 ) substrate .	The absorption spectra are analyzed taking into account the unusual fivefold coordination of the Fe ( 3+ ) ion .	Temperature dependence of the optical absorption at 4.9 eV shows anomaly at 124 K , which we attribute to magnetic ordering of iron sublattices .
+4	At last , we report the current status on the detection of modified gravity through the currently available cosmic observations .	In a modified gravity theory , the propagation equation of gravitational waves will be presented in a non-standard way .	Therefore this tenor mode perturbation of time-space , as a complement to the scalar mode perturbation , provides a unique character distinguishing modified gravity from general relativity .	To avoid the model-dependent issue , in this paper , we propose a parametrised modification to the propagation of gravitational waves .	We show the effects on the angular power spectrum of cosmic microwave background radiation due to the parametrised modification and its degeneracy to the tensor mode power spectrum index $ n_t $ and its running $ \alpha_t $ .
+0	We give a new construction of symbols of the differential operators on the sections of a quantum line bundle $ L $ over a Kaehler manifold $ M $ using the natural contravariant connection on $ L $ .	These symbols are the functions on the tangent bundle $ TM $ polynomial on fibres .	For high tensor powers of $ L $ , the asymptotics of the composition of these symbols leads to the star product of a deformation quantization with separation of variables on $ TM $ corresponding to some pseudo-Kaehler structure on $ TM $ .	Surprisingly , this star product is intimately related to the formal symplectic groupoid with separation of variables over $ M $ .	We extend the star product on $ TM $ to generalized functions supported on the zero section of $ TM $ .
+0	We introduce the concept of morphism of pseudogroups generalizing the \'etal\'e morphisms of Haefliger .	With our definition , any continuous foliated map induces a morphism between the corresponding holonomy pseudogroups .	The main theorem states that any morphism between complete Riemannian pseudogroups is complete , has a closure and its maps are \cinf\ along the orbit closures .	Here , completeness and closure are versions for morphisms of concepts introduced by Haefliger for pseudogroups .	This result is applied to approximate foliated maps by smooth ones in the case of transversely complete Riemannian foliations , yielding the foliated homotopy invariance of their spectral sequence .
+4	65 , 2402 ( 1990 ) ] .	We consider the liquid-gas phase boundary in a binary fluid mixture near its critical end point .	Using general scaling arguments we show that the diameter of the liquid-gas coexistence curve exhibits singular behaviour as the critical end point is approached .	This prediction is tested by means of extensive Monte-Carlo simulations of a symmetrical Lennard-Jones binary mixture within the grand canonical ensemble .	The simulation results show clear evidence for the proposed singularity , as well as confirming a previously predicted singularity in the coexistence chemical potential [ Fisher and Upton , Phys.Rev.Lett .
+2	We derive a mean metallicity of [ Fe/H ] =-1.94+/-0.02 ( statistical ) +/-0.10 ( systematic ) .	We present radial velocities , stellar parameters , and detailed abundances of 39 elements derived from high-resolution spectroscopic observations of red giant stars in the luminous , metal-poor globular cluster NGC 5824 .	We observe 26 stars in NGC 5824 using the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System ( M2FS ) and two stars using the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle ( MIKE ) spectrograph .	The metallicity dispersion of this sample of stars , 0.08 dex , is in agreement with previous work and does not exceed the expected observational errors .	Previous work suggested an internal metallicity spread only when fainter samples of stars were considered , so we can not exclude the possibility of an intrinsic metallicity dispersion in NGC 5824 .
+1	Virtually all of the 10^53 ergs of gravitational binding energy released in the formation of the nascent neutron star is carried away in the form of neutrinos and antineutrinos of all three flavors , and these neutrinos are primarily responsible for powering the explosion .	Core-collapse supernovae are , despite their spectacular visual display , neutrino events .	This mechanism depends sensitively on the neutrino transport between the neutrinospheres and the shock .	In light of this , we have performed a comparison of multigroup Boltzmann neutrino transport ( MGBT ) and multigroup flux-limited diffusion ( MGFLD ) in post-core bounce environments .	Differences in the mean inverse flux factors , luminosities , and RMS energies translate to heating rates that are up to 2 times larger for Boltzmann transport , with net cooling rates below the gain radius that are typically 0.8 times the MGFLD rates .
+3	Signaling makes the inequalities inapplicable : a non-signaling system with any degree of contextuality , however high , loses any relation to this concept as soon as it exhibits any degree of signaling , however small .	Contextuality means non-existence of a joint distribution for random variables recorded under mutually incompatible conditions , subject to certain constraints imposed on how the identity of these variables may change across these conditions .	In simple quantum systems contextuality is indicated by violations of Bell-type or Leggett-Garg-type inequalities .	These inequalities , however , are predicated on the assumption of no-signaling , defined as invariance of the distributions of measurement results with respect to other ( e.g. , earlier in time ) measurements ' settings .	This is unsatisfactory .
+0	The doubly-magic nucleus $ ^ { 16 } $ O has a small neutron capture cross section of just a few tens of microbarn in the astrophysical energy region .	Despite of this , $ ^ { 16 } $ O plays an important role as neutron poison in the astrophysical slow neutron capture ( $ s $ ) process due to its high abundance .	We present in this paper a re-evaluation of the available experimental data for $ ^ { 16 } $ O ( $ n , \gamma $ ) $ ^ { 17 } $ O and derive a new recommendation for the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections ( MACS ) between $ kT $ = 5 $ - $ 100 keV .	Our new recommendations are lower up to $ kT $ = 60 keV compared to the previously recommended values but up to 14\ % higher at $ kT $ = 100 keV .	We explore the impact of this different energy dependence on the weak $ s $ -process during core helium- ( $ kT $ = 26 keV ) and shell carbon burning ( $ kT $ = 90 keV ) in massive stars where $ ^ { 16 } $ O is the most abundant isotope .
+0	We discuss the results from the combined IRAC and MIPS c2d Spitzer Legacy survey observations and complementary optical and near infrared data of the Chamaeleon II ( Cha II ) dark cloud .	We perform a census of the young population of Cha II , in a mapped area of ~1.75 square degrees , and study the spatial distribution and properties of the cloud members and candidate pre-main sequence ( PMS ) objects and their circumstellar matter .	From the analysis of the volume density of the PMS objects and candidates we find two tight groups of objects with volume densities higher than 25 solar masses per cubic parsec and 5-10 members each .	These groups correlate well in space with the regions of high extinction .	A multiplicity fraction of about 13 % is observed for objects with separations between 0.8 '' and 6.0 '' .
+4	Our general tropicalization procedure assigns to each strongly positive unipotent bicrystal a normal Kashiwara crystal B equipped with the multiplicity erasing homomorphism B -- & gt ; B_0 and the combinatorial central charge B -- & gt ; Z which is invariant under all crystal operators .	For each reductive algebraic group G we introduce and study unipotent bicrystals which serve as a regular version of birational geometric and unipotent crystals introduced earlier by the authors .	The framework of unipotent bicrystals allows , on the one hand , to study systematically such varieties as Bruhat cells in G and their convolution products and , on the other hand , to give a new construction of many normal Kashiwara crystals including those for G^\vee-modules , where G^\vee is the Langlands dual groups .	In fact , our analogues of crystal bases ( which we refer to as crystals associated to G^\vee-modules ) are associated to G^\vee-modules directly , i.e. , without quantum deformations .	One of the main results of the present paper is an explicit construction of the crystal B_0 for the coordinate ring of the ( Langlands dual ) flag variety based on the positive unipotent bicrystal on the open Bruhat cell .
+0	In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA - a joint space mission of the ESA and NASA- the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise , acceleration noise etc .	By combining six appropriately time-delayed data streams containing fractional Doppler shifts - a technique called time delay interferometry ( TDI ) - the laser frequency noise may be adequately suppressed .	We consider the general model of LISA where the armlengths vary with time , so that second generation TDI are relevant .	However , we must envisage the possibility , that not all the optical links of LISA will be operating at all times , and therefore , we here consider the case of LISA operating with two arms only .	As shown earlier in the literature , obtaining even approximate solutions of TDI to the general problem is very difficult .
+0	Protein-surface interactions are ubiquitous in biological processes and bioengineering , yet are not fully understood .	In biosensors , a key factor determining the sensitivity and thus the performance of the device is the orientation of the ligand molecules on the bioactive device surface .	Adsorption studies thus seek to determine how orientation can be influenced by surface preparation .	In this work , protein orientation near charged nanosurfaces is obtained under electrostatic effects using the Poisson-Boltzmann equation , in an implicit-solvent model .	Sampling the free energy for protein GB1D4 ' at a range of tilt and rotation angles with respect to the charged surface , we calculated the probability of the protein orientations and observed a dipolar behavior .
+1	While most previous approaches have focused on completely encrypting the video stream , we introduce a spatial encryption scheme by blurring the image/video contents to create a CBP .	This paper presents a novel Coprime Blurred Pair ( CBP ) model for visual data-hiding for security in camera surveillance .	Our goal is to obscure detail in public video streams by blurring while allowing behavior to be recognized and to quickly deblur the stream so that details are available if behavior is recognized as suspicious .	We create a CBP by blurring the same latent image with two unknown kernels .	The two kernels are coprime when mapped to bivariate polynomials in the z domain .
+0	We study multidimensional BSDEs of the form $ $ Y_t = \xi + \int_t^T f ( s , Y_s , Z_s ) ds - \int_t^T Z_s dW_s $ $ with bounded terminal conditions $ \xi $ and drivers $ f $ that grow at most quadratically in $ Z_s $ .	We consider three different cases .	In the first one the BSDE is Markovian , and a solution can be obtained from a solution to a related FBSDE .	In the second case , the BSDE becomes a one-dimensional quadratic BSDE when projected to a one-dimensional subspace , and a solution can be derived from a solution of the one-dimensional equation .	In the third case , the growth of the driver $ f $ in $ Z_s $ is strictly subquadratic , and the existence and uniqueness of a solution can be shown by first solving the BSDE on a short time interval and then extending the solution recursively .
+4	The images are automatically taken every 5 minutes and automatically processed using the control computer of the device .	The All Sky Camera ( ASC ) was developed as a universal device for the monitoring of the night sky quality .	Eight ASCs are already installed and measure night sky parameters at eight of the candidate sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array ( CTA ) gamma-ray observatory .	The ACS system consists of an astronomical CCD camera , a fish eye lens , a control computer and associated electronics .	The measurement is carried out during astronomical night .
+2	It has two Casimir operators , one is the spin and the other is the spin projection on the body frame .	The space-time symmetry group of a model of a relativistic spin 1/2 elementary particle , which satisfies Dirac 's equation when quantized , is analyzed .	It is shown that this group , larger than the Poincare group , also contains space-time dilations and local rotations .	Its similarities with the standard model are discussed .	If we consider this last spin observable as describing isospin , then , this Dirac particle represents a massive system of spin 1/2 and isospin 1/2 .
+1	In a previous paper , we proved that after centering , the two-parameter process \ [ T^ { ( n ) } ( s , t ) = \sum_ { i \leq \lfloor ns \rfloor , j \leq \lfloor nt\rfloor } |U_ { ij } |^2\ ] converges in distribution to the bivariate tied-down Brownian bridge .	Let $ U $ be a Haar distributed matrix in $ \mathbb U ( n ) $ or $ \mathbb O ( n ) $ .	In the present paper , we replace the deterministic truncation of $ U $ by a random one , where each row ( resp .	column ) is chosen with probability $ s $ ( resp .	$ t $ ) independently .
+4	Such `` hastatic order '' hybridizes conduction electrons with Ising 5f^ { 2 } states of the uranium atoms to produce Ising quasiparticles ; it accounts for the large entropy of condensation and the magnetic anomaly observed in torque magnetometry .	The development of collective long-range order via phase transitions occurs by the spontaneous breaking of fundamental symmetries .	Magnetism is a consequence of broken time-reversal symmetry while superfluidity results from broken gauge invariance .	The broken symmetry that develops below 17.5K in the heavy fermion compound URu2Si2 has long eluded such identification .	Here we show that the recent observation of Ising quasiparticles in URu2Si2 results from a spinor order parameter that breaks double time-reversal symmetry , mixing states of integer and half-integer spin .
+4	[ 1 ] X. Guo , J. P. Small , J. E. Klare , Y. Wang , M. S. Purewal , I. W. Tam , B. H. Hong , R. Caldwell , L. Huang , S. O'Brien , et al. , Science 311 , 356 ( 2006 ) , URL http : //www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5759/356	Calculations of the conductance of a carbon nanotube ( CNT ) -molecule-CNT structure are in agreement with experimental measurements [ 1 ] .	The features in the transmission correspond directly to the features of the isolated molecular orbitals .	The HOMO provides conductance at low bias that is relatively insensitive to the end groups of the cut CNTs , the cut angle , or the number of molecular bridges .	A molecular conformation change not directly in the path of the carrier transport increases the resistance by over 2 orders of magnitude .
+0	The spin-polarized transport is investigated in a new type of magnetic tunnel junction which consists of two ferromagnetic electrodes separated by a magnetic barrier and a nonmagnetic metallic spacer .	Based on the transfer matrix method and the nearly-free-electron-approximation the dependence of the tunnel magnetoresistance ( TMR ) and electron-spin polarization on the nonmagnetic layer thickness and the applied bias voltage are studied theoretically .	The TMR and spin polarization show an oscillatory behavior as a function of the spacer thickness and the bias voltage .	The oscillations originate from the quantum well states in the spacer , while the existence of the magnetic barrier gives rise to a strong spin polarization and high values of the TMR .	Our results may be useful for the development of spin electronic devices based on coherent transport .
+4	Polarimetric BVR observations indicate the probable presence of a supplementary source of polarization .	Here we present the study of FR Cnc , a young , active and spotted star .	We performed analysis of ASAS-3 ( The All Sky Automated Survey ) data for the years 2002-2008 and amended the value of the rotational period to be 0.826518 d. The amplitude of photometric variations decreased abruptly in the year 2005 , while the mean brightness remained the same , which was interpreted as a quick redistribution of spots .	BVRc and Ic broad band photometric calibration was performed for 166 stars in FR Cnc vicinity .	The photometry at Terskol Observatory shows two brightening episodes , one of which occurred at the same phase as the flare of 2006 November 23 .
+4	The results for this model are generalised to the case of a system that is driven in one degree of freedom while interacting with the environment through other degrees of freedom .	One particle in a classical perfect gas is driven out of equilibrium by changing its mass over a short time interval .	The work done on the driven particle depends on its collisions with the other particles in the gas .	This model thus provides an example of a non-equilibrium process in a system ( the driven particle ) coupled to an environment ( the rest of the gas ) .	We calculate the work done on the driven particle and compare the results to Jarzynski 's equality relating a non-equilibrium work process to an equilibrium free-energy difference .
+1	The fiber is observed to bend when light is launched off-axis .	We report on what we believe is the first demonstration of an optically activated cantilever due to photomechanical effects in a dye-doped polymer optical fiber .	The displacement angle monotonically increases as a function of the distance between the illumination point and the fiber axis , and is consistent with differential light-induced length changes .	The photothermal and photo-reorientation mechanisms , each with its own distinct response time , are proposed to explain the observed time dependence .	The measured degree of bending is consistent with a model that we have proposed which includes coupling between photoisomerization and heating .
+4	Our results indicate that such strategy dominates both the benchmark index and the uniformly weighted portfolio both in-sample and out-of-sample .	Portfolio diversification and active risk management are essential parts of financial analysis which became even more crucial ( and questioned ) during and after the years of the Global Financial Crisis .	We propose a novel approach to portfolio diversification using the information of searched items on Google Trends .	The diversification is based on an idea that popularity of a stock measured by search queries is correlated with the stock riskiness .	We penalize the popular stocks by assigning them lower portfolio weights and we bring forward the less popular , or peripheral , stocks to decrease the total riskiness of the portfolio .
+3	Here , we demonstrate the existence of a new `` hybrid '' state transfer scheme which incorporates the best elements of the dark-mode scheme ( protection against mechanical dissipation ) and the double-swap scheme ( fast operation time ) .	In a recent publication [ Y.D.Wang and A.A.Clerk , Phys.Rev.Lett .	108 , 153603 ( 2012 ) ] , we demonstrated that one can use interference to significantly increase the fidelity of state transfer between two electromagnetic cavities coupled to a common mechanical resonator over a naive sequential-transfer scheme based on two swap operations .	This involved making use of a delocalized electromagnetic mode which is decoupled from the mechanical resonator , a so-called `` mechanically-dark '' mode .	Importantly , this new scheme also does not require the mechanical resonator to be prepared initially in its ground state .
+2	In this scheme , the interference pattern formed during the collision between the pulses pre-accelerates electrons that are then trapped in the wakefield .	All-optical controlled injection and acceleration of electrons in a laser wakefield has recently been achieved ( Faure et al , Nature v. 444 p. 737 , 2006 ) .	Injection was made using a second counterpropagating laser pulse with the same polarization as the main pulse .	Numerical simulations of this process performed with a new Particle-in-Cell code are presented here .	The results show the nature of the injection mechanism and explain some striking features found experimentally , such as the dependence of beam energy with the collision position and the reduction of the charge at high energies .
+1	In three dimensions this technique yields values of the shift in the Bose-Einstein condensation ( BEC ) transition temperature , as a function of the scattering length , that are in good agreement with those of Green 's function and quantum Monte Carlo methods .	The formalism of Ursell operators provides a self-consistent integral equation for the one-particle reduced operator .	We have applied the same equations to a uniform two-dimensional system and find that , as we alter the chemical potential , an instability develops so that the self-consistent equations no longer have a solution .	This instability , which seems to indicate that interactions restore a transition , occurs at a non-zero value of an effective chemical potential .	The non-linear equations are limited to temperatures greater than or equal to Tc , so that they do not indicate the nature of the new stable state , but we speculate concerning whether it is a Kosterlitz-Thouless state or a `` smeared '' BEC , which might avoid any violation of the Hohenberg theorem , as described in an accompanying paper .
+0	We use an accurate implementation of density functional theory ( DFT ) to calculate the zero-temperature generalized phase diagram of the 4 $ d $ series of transition metals from Y to Pd as a function of pressure $ P $ and atomic number $ Z $ .	The implementation used is full-potential linearized augmented plane waves ( FP-LAPW ) , and we employ the exchange-correlation functional recently developed by Wu and Cohen .	For each element , we obtain the ground-state energy for several crystal structures over a range of volumes , the energy being converged with respect to all technical parameters to within $ \sim 1 $ meV/atom .	The calculated transition pressures for all the elements and all transitions we have found are compared with experiment wherever possible , and we discuss the origin of the significant discrepancies .	Agreement with experiment for the zero-temperature equation of state is generally excellent .
+0	It can be shown on observational grounds that two basic effects of dynamo theory for solar activity - production of the toroidal field from the poloidal one by differential rotation and reverse conversion of the toroidal field to the poloidal configuration by helical motions - are operating in the Sun .	These two effects , however , do not suffice for constructing a realistic model for the solar dynamo .	Only when a non-local version of the alpha-effect is applied , is downward diamagnetic pumping included and field advection by the equatorward meridional flow near the base of the convection zone allowed for , can the observed activity cycles be closely reproduced .	Fluctuations in the alpha-effect can be estimated from sunspot data .	Dynamo models with fluctuating parameters reproduce irregularities of solar cycles including the grand activity minima .
+2	The gain of the inverse of the all-pole filter , A ( z ) at z = 1 , i.e , at frequency = 0 , A ( 1 ) corresponds to the sum of LPCs , which has the property of being lower ( higher ) than a threshold for the sonorants ( fricatives ) .	Linear prediction ( LP ) technique estimates an optimum all-pole filter of a given order for a frame of speech signal .	The coefficients of the all-pole filter , 1/A ( z ) are referred to as LP coefficients ( LPCs ) .	When the inverse-tan of A ( 1 ) , denoted as T ( 1 ) , is used a feature and tested on the sonorant and fricative frames of the entire TIMIT database , an accuracy of 99.07 % is obtained .	Hence , we refer to T ( 1 ) as sonorant-fricative discrimination index ( SFDI ) .
+1	Despite the proposal of several theoretical lattice models , however , it remains a doubt whether such a `` romance of flatland '' could exist in a real material .	By combining exotic band dispersion with nontrivial band topology , an interesting type of band structure , namely the flat chern band ( FCB ) , has recently been proposed to spawn high-temperature fractional quantum hall states .	Here , we present a first-principles design of a two-dimensional ( 2D ) Indium-Phenylene Organometallic Framework ( IPOF ) that realizes a nearly FCB right around the Fermi level by combining lattice geometry , spin-orbit coupling and ferromagnetism .	An effective four-band model is constructed to reproduce the first-principles results .	Our design in addition provides a general strategy to synthesize topologically nontrivial materials in virtue of organic chemistry and nanotechnology .
+0	We present sub-millimeter statistical detections of galaxies discovered in the 5'x5 ' Spitzer Early Release Observations ( to 4-15 microJy 5 sigma at 3.6-8 microns , 170 microJy at 24 microns ) through a stacking analysis of our reanalysed SCUBA 8mJy survey maps , and a Spitzer identification of a new sub-millimeter point source in the 8mJy survey region .	For sources detected at 5.8 or 8 microns ( 154 and 111 sources respectively ) , we detect positive skews in the sub-millimeter flux distributions at 99.2-99.8 % confidence using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests , at both 850 microns and 450 microns .	We also marginally detect the Spitzer 24 micron galaxies at 850 microns at 97 % confidence , and place limits on the mean sub-millimeter fluxes of the 3.6 and 4.5 micron sources .	Integrating the sub-millimeter fluxes of the Spitzer populations , we find the 5.8 micron galaxies contribute 0.12 +/- 0.05 nW/m^2/sr to the 850 micron background , and 2.4 +/- 0.7 nW/m^2/sr to the 450 micron background ; similar contributions are made by the 8 micron-selected sample .	We infer that the populations dominating the 5.8 and 8 micron extragalactic background light also contribute around a quarter of the 850 micron background and the majority of the 450 micron background .
+2	Simulations of the Villain model and the modified 2D XY model allowing stronger thermal vortex fluctuations are also performed with RSJ type of dynamics .	Two-dimensional ( 2D ) XY model subject to three different types of dynamics , namely Monte Carlo , resistivity shunted junction ( RSJ ) , and relaxational dynamics , is numerically simulated .	From the comparisons of the current-voltage ( I-V ) characteristics , it is found that up to some constants I-V curves at a given temperature are identical to each other in a broad range of external currents .	The finite-size scaling suggested in Medvedyeva et al . [ Phys.Rev .	B 62 , 14531 ( 2000 ) ] is confirmed for all dynamic models used , implying that this finite-size scaling behaviors in the vicinity of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition are quite robust .
+4	Using scalar field theory as an example , we derive the leading dimension four irrelevant boundary operators .	We study decoupling in FRW spacetimes , emphasizing a Lagrangian description throughout .	To account for the vacuum choice ambiguity in cosmological settings , we introduce an arbitrary boundary action representing the initial conditions .	RG flow in these spacetimes naturally affects the boundary interactions .	As a consequence the boundary conditions are sensitive to high-energy physics through irrelevant terms in the boundary action .
+1	In this phase gravity is massive , and the Weak Equivalence Principle is respected .	We study a theory where the presence of an extra spin-two field coupled to gravity gives rise to a phase with spontaneously broken Lorentz symmetry .	The newtonian potentials are in general modified , but we identify an non-perturbative symmetry that protects them .	The gravitational waves sector has a rich phenomenology : sources emit a combination of massless and massive gravitons that propagate with distinct velocities and also oscillate .	Since their velocities differ from the speed of light , the time of flight difference between gravitons and photons from a common source could be measured .
+0	Spectral functions within the generalized t-J model as relevant to cuprates are analyzed using the method of equations of motion for projected fermion operators .	In the evaluation of the self energy the decoupling of spin and single-particle fluctuations is performed .	It is shown that in an undoped antiferromagnet ( AFM ) the method reproduces the selfconsistent Born approximation .	For finite doping with short range AFM order the approximation evolves into a paramagnon contribution which retains large incoherent contribution in the hole part of the spectral function as well as the hole-pocket-like Fermi surface at low doping .	On the other hand , the contribution of ( longitudinal ) spin fluctuations , with the coupling mostly determined predominantly by J and next-neighbor hopping t ' , is essential for the emergence of the pseudogap .
+2	In this paper , we show that TPL layout decomposition is a more difficult problem than that for DPL .	As minimum feature size and pitch spacing further decrease , triple patterning lithography ( TPL ) is a possible 193nm extension along the paradigm of double patterning lithography ( DPL ) .	However , there is very little study on TPL layout decomposition .	We then propose a general integer linear programming formulation for TPL layout decomposition which can simultaneously minimize conflict and stitch numbers .	Since ILP has very poor scalability , we propose three acceleration techniques without sacrificing solution quality : independent component computation , layout graph simplification , and bridge computation .
+0	We present our first numerical results of axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations for neutrino-cooled accretion tori around rotating black holes in general relativity .	We consider tori of mass $ \sim 0.1 $ -- 0.4 $ M_ { \odot } $ around a black hole of mass $ M=4M_ { \odot } $ and spin $ a=0 $ -- $ 0.9M $ ; such systems are candidates for the central engines of gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) formed after the collapse of massive rotating stellar cores and the merger of a black hole and a neutron star .	In this paper , we consider the short-term evolution of a torus for a duration of $ \approx 60 $ ms , focusing on short-hard GRBs .	Simulations were performed with a plausible microphysical equation of state that takes into account neutronization , the nuclear statistical equilibrium of a gas of free nucleons and $ \alpha $ -particles , black body radiation , and a relativistic Fermi gas ( neutrinos , electrons , and positrons ) .	Neutrino-emission processes , such as $ e^ { \pm } $ capture onto free nucleons , $ e^ { \pm } $ pair annihilation , plasmon decay , and nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung are taken into account as cooling processes .
+0	The problem of finding the ground state of a frustration-free Hamiltonian carrying only two-body interactions between qubits is known to be solvable in polynomial time .	It is also shown recently that , for any such Hamiltonian , there is always a ground state that is a product of single- or two-qubit states .	However , it remains unclear whether the whole ground space is of any succinct structure .	Here , we give a complete characterization of the ground space of any two-body frustration-free Hamiltonian of qubits .	Namely , it is a span of tree tensor network states of the same tree structure .
+0	We propose dual thermodynamics corresponding to black hole mechanics with the identifications E ' - & gt ; A/4 , S ' - & gt ; M , and T ' - & gt ; 1/T in Planck units .	Here A , M and T are the horizon area , mass and Hawking temperature of a black hole and E ' , S ' and T ' are the energy , entropy and temperature of a corresponding dual quantum system .	We show that , for a Schwarzschild black hole , the dual variables formally satisfy all three laws of thermodynamics , including the Planck-Nernst form of the third law requiring that the entropy tend to zero at low temperature .	This is in contrast with traditional black hole thermodynamics , where the entropy is singular .	Once the third law is satisfied , it is straightforward to construct simple ( dual ) quantum systems representing black hole mechanics .
+4	By assuming monotonic ( blue ) spectra of relic gravitons we will give general expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio in this class of models .	There are no reasons why the energy spectra of the relic gravitons , amplified by the pumping action of the background geometry , should not increase at high frequencies .	A typical example of this behavior are quintessential inflationary models where the slopes of the energy spectra can be either blue or mildly violet .	In comparing the predictions of scenarios leading to blue and violet graviton spectra we face the problem of correctly deriving the sensitivities of the interferometric detectors .	Indeed , the expression of the signal-to-noise ratio not only depends upon the noise power spectra of the detectors but also upon the spectral form of the signal and , therefore , one can reasonably expect that models with different spectral behaviors will produce different signal-to-noise ratios .
+0	We review the current status of theoretical study of non-leptonic two body B decays .	There are two independent directions for this purpose .	One is the so called QCD factorization approach ( or BBNS approach ) , which is based on naive factorization approach .	The other one is named perturbative QCD approach .	We list the different ideas and applications of the two method , and make a comparison between the two .
+4	For more general shapes ( simple polyiamonds ) , we find a range of typical bending behaviors : overall bending directions along longest and shortest dimensions , inward bending at corners , curvature intensification near boundaries , and conical bending and partitioned bending zones in some cases .	We present a simple discrete formula for the elastic energy of a bilayer .	The formula is convenient for rapidly computing equilibrium configurations of actuated bilayers of general initial shapes .	We use maps of principal curvatures and minimum-curvature direction fields to analyze configurations .	We find good agreement between the computations and an approximate analytical solution for the case of a rectangular bilayer .
+4	We find that the electron and hole pockets have a different topology , implying that this material does not satisfy a nesting condition .	We report measurements of the Fermi surface ( FS ) of the ternary phosphide SrFe $ _2 $ P $ _2 $ using the de Haas-van Alphen effect .	The calculated FS of this compound is very similar to SrFe $ _2 $ As $ _2 $ , the parent compound of the high temperature superconductors .	Our data show that the Fermi surface is composed of two electron and two hole sheets in agreement with bandstructure calculations .	Several of the sheets show strong c-axis warping emphasizing the importance of three-dimensionality in the non-magnetic state of the ternary pnictides .
+4	However the net electric charges of these dyons which varies with the parameter $ m $ are finite .	We would like to present some exact SU ( 2 ) Yang-Mills-Higgs dyon solutions of one half monopole charge .	These static dyon solutions satisfy the first order Bogomol'nyi equations and are characterized by a parameter , $ m $ .	They are axially symmetric .	The gauge potentials and the electromagnetic fields possess a string singularity along the negative z-axis and hence they possess infinite energy density along the line singularity .
+1	The evidence is seen among two classes of ULIRGs : ( 1 ) those with multiple remnant nuclei in their core , sometimes accompanied by a complex system of tidal tails ; and ( 2 ) those that are in fact dense groupings of interacting ( soon-to-merge ) galaxies .	In a large sample of ULIRGs imaged with HST , we have identified a significant subsample that shows evidence for multiple mergers .	We conservatively estimate that , in the redshift range 0.05 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.20 , at least 20 ( out of 99 ) ULIRGs satisfy one or both of these criteria .	We present several cases and discuss the possibility that the progenitors of ULIRGs may be the more classical weakly interacting compact groups of galaxies ( Hickson 1997 ) .	An evolutionary progression is consistent with the results : from compact groups to pairs to ULIRGs to ellipticals .
+2	We present simulations and predictions of the observations of nuclei that will be made with the Thirty Meter Telescope ( TMT ) and the adaptive optics assisted integral-field spectrograph IRIS , which is capable of diffraction-limited spectroscopy from $ Z $ band ( 0.9 $ \mu $ m ) to $ K $ band ( 2.2 $ \mu $ m ) .	The next generation of giant-segmented mirror telescopes ( $ & gt ; $ 20 m ) will enable us to observe galactic nuclei at much higher angular resolution and sensitivity than ever before .	These capabilities will introduce a revolutionary shift in our understanding of the origin and evolution of supermassive black holes by enabling more precise black hole mass measurements in a mass range that is unreachable today .	These simulations , for the first time , use realistic values for the sky , telescope , adaptive optics system , and instrument , to determine the expected signal-to-noise ratio of a range of possible targets spanning intermediate mass black holes of $ \sim10^4 $ \msun to the most massive black holes known today of $ & gt ; 10^ { 10 } $ $ M_\odot $ .	We find that IRIS will be able to observe Milky Way-mass black holes out the distance of the Virgo cluster , and will allow us to observe many more brightest cluster galaxies where the most massive black holes are thought to reside .
+0	We probe the spin dynamics in a thin magnetic film at ferromagnetic resonance by nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation at the 14.4 keV resonance of $ ^ { 57 } $ Fe .	The precession of the magnetization leads to an apparent reduction of the magnetic hyperfine field acting at the $ ^ { 57 } $ Fe nuclei .	The spin dynamics is described in a stochastic relaxation model adapted to the ferromagnetic resonance theory by Smit and Beljers to model the decay of the excited nuclear state .	From the fits of the measured data the shape of the precession cone of the spins is determined .	Our results open a new perspective to determine magnetization dynamics in layered structures with very high depth resolution by employing ultrathin isotopic probe layers .
+1	There are many schemes that can be applied to MIMO systems such as space time block codes , space time trellis codes , and the Vertical Bell Labs Space-Time Architecture ( V-BLAST ) .	Multiple Input Multiple Output ( MIMO ) systems have recently emerged as a key technology in wireless communication systems for increasing both data rates and system performance .	This paper proposes a novel signal detector scheme called MIMO detectors to enhance the performance in MIMO channels .	We study the general MIMO system , the general V-BLAST architecture with Maximum Likelihood ( ML ) , Zero- Forcing ( ZF ) , Minimum Mean- Square Error ( MMSE ) , and Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation ( SIC ) detectors and simulate this structure in Rayleigh fading channel .	Also compares the performances of MIMO system with different modulation techniques in Fading and AWGN channels .
+1	In this paper we analyze the IceCube atmospheric neutrino data to constrain the Violation of Equivalence Principle ( VEP ) in the framework of three neutrinos with non-universal gravitational couplings .	The recent high-statistics high-energy atmospheric neutrino data collected by IceCube open a new window to probe new physics scenarios that are suppressed in lower energy neutrino experiments .	In this scenario the effect of VEP on neutrino oscillation probabilities can be parametrized by two parameters $ \Delta \gamma_ { 21 } \equiv \gamma_2-\gamma_1 $ and $ \Delta\gamma_ { 31 } \equiv \gamma_3-\gamma_1 $ , where $ \gamma_i $ 's denote the coupling of neutrino mass eigenstates to gravitational field .	By analyzing the latest muon-tracks data sets of IceCube-40 and IceCube-79 , besides providing the 2D allowed regions in $ ( \phi\Delta\gamma_ { 21 } , \phi\Delta\gamma_ { 31 } ) $ plane , we obtain the upper limits $ |\phi\Delta\gamma_ { 21 } | & lt ; 9.1\times 10^ { -27 } $ ( at 90\ % C.L . )	which improves the previous limit by $ \sim4 $ orders of magnitude and $ |\phi\Delta\gamma_ { 31 } | \lesssim 6\times 10^ { -27 } $ ( at 90\ % C.L . )
+3	The CP violation is implemented through complex scalar -- fermion couplings in the multi-Higgs doublet model and scalar-leptoquark models beyond the Standard Model .	CP violation from physics beyond the Standard Model is investigated in $ B_ { l4 } $ decays : $ B\to D\pi l\bar { \nu } _l $ .	In the decay process , we include various excited states as intermediate states decaying to the final hadrons , $ D+\pi $ .	We consider the semileptonic decay to a tau lepton family as well .	With these complex couplings , we calculate the CP-odd rate asymmetry and the optimal asymmetry .
+3	Assuming no CSI at transmitter , we characterize lower and upper bounds on the secrecy degrees of freedom ( s.d.o.f . )	We consider the multi-antenna wiretap channel in which the transmitter wishes to send a confidential message to its receiver while keeping it secret to the eavesdropper .	It has been known that the secrecy capacity of such a channel does not increase with signal-to-noise ratio when the transmitter has no channel state information ( CSI ) under mild conditions .	Motivated by Jafar 's robust interference alignment technique , we study the so-called staggered multi-antenna block-fading wiretap channel where the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper have different temporal correlation structures .	of the channel at hand .
+3	This feature is interpreted as 'condensation of fermions $ { \bar { \psi } } { \psi } $ ' in graphene .	The effective action and the mean fermion number density of graphene in constant external magnetic field at finite temperature and density are calculated .	Closed expressions for these are given and their variation with temperature are studied .	It is found that the mean fermion number density peaks around a particular temperature , depending on the chemical potential at low temperatures .	In future , it is interesting to extend and explore this calculation and the work of the reference [ 20 ] for the case of Graphyne [ 23 ] .
+2	Semiclassical dynamics is obtained by letting one of the two Planck constants go to zero .	The mathematical possibility of coupling two quantum dynamic systems having two different Planck constants , respectively , is investigated .	It turns out that such canonical dynamics are always irreversible .	This semiclassical dynamics will preserve positivity , as expected , so an improvement of the earlier proposals by Aleksandrov and by Boucher and Traschen is achieved .	Coupling of quantized matter to gravity is illustrated by a simplistic example .
+4	Using the FORC distribution in the ( Ha , Hb ) co-ordinate , the onset of the nucleation field , invasion of the domain wall from the soft to the hard phase , domain wall annihilation and the presence of the reversible magnetization with the applied reversal field for both the nanocomposites has been investigated .	The magnetization behaviour of the soft Cobalt Ferrite-hard Strontium Ferrite nanocomposite is tuned from the non exchange spring nature to the exchange spring nature , by controlling the particle size of the soft Cobalt Ferrite in the Cobalt Ferrite : Strontium Ferrite ( 1:8 ) nanocomposite .	The relative strength of the interaction governing the magnetization process in the nanocomposites is investigated using Henkel plot and First Order Reversal Curve ( FORC ) method .	The FORC method has been utilized to understand the magnetization reversal behaviour as well as the extent of the irreversible magnetization present in both the nanocomposites having smaller and larger particle size of the Cobalt Ferrite .	The magnetization process is primarily controlled by the domain wall movement in the nanocomposites .
+0	A new type of field emission display ( FED ) based on an edge-enhance electron emission from metal-insulator-semiconductor ( MIS ) thin film structure is proposed .	The electrons produced by an avalanche breakdown in the semiconductor near the edge of a top metal electrode are initially injected to the thin film of an insulator with a negative electron affinity ( NEA ) , and then are injected into vacuum in proximity to the top electrode edge .	The condition for the deep-depletition breakdown near the edge of the top metal electrode is analytically found in terms of ratio of the insulator thickness to the maximum ( breakdown ) width of the semiconductor depletition region : this ratio should be less than 2/ ( 3 \pi - 2 ) = 0.27 .	The influence of a neighboring metal electrode and an electrode thickness on this condition are analyzed .	Different practical schemes of the proposed display with a special reference to M/CaF_2/Si structure are considered .
+4	As the main result , we show that under certain conditions , the \textit { half } algorithm converges to a local minimizer of the $ L_ { 1/2 } $ regularization , with an eventually linear convergence rate .	In recent studies on sparse modeling , the nonconvex regularization approaches ( particularly , $ L_ { q } $ regularization with $ q\in ( 0,1 ) $ ) have been demonstrated to possess capability of gaining much benefit in sparsity-inducing and efficiency .	As compared with the convex regularization approaches ( say , $ L_ { 1 } $ regularization ) , however , the convergence issue of the corresponding algorithms are more difficult to tackle .	In this paper , we deal with this difficult issue for a specific but typical nonconvex regularization scheme , the $ L_ { 1/2 } $ regularization , which has been successfully used to many applications .	More specifically , we study the convergence of the iterative \textit { half } thresholding algorithm ( the \textit { half } algorithm for short ) , one of the most efficient and important algorithms for solution to the $ L_ { 1/2 } $ regularization .
+3	Of particular interest is the case when the parameters are dependent .	One-parameter analogs of the Heisenberg enveloping algebra were studied previously by Kirkman and Small .	In particular , they demonstrated how one may obtain Hayashi 's analog of the Weyl algebra as a primitive factor of this algebra .	We consider various two-parameter versions of this problem .	Our study allows us to consider the representation theory of a two-parameter version of the Virasoro enveloping algebra .
+3	To improved more security , embedding and extraction Watermark process should be complex against attackers .	Video Watermarking serves as a new technology mainly used to provide security to the illegal distribution of digital video over the web .	The purpose of any video watermarking scheme is to embed extra information into video in such a way that must be perceptually undetectable while still holding enough information in order to extract the watermark beginning with the resultant video .	Information which is embedded within the original image is a Digital Watermark , which could be visible or invisible .	Recent research indicates SVD ( Singular Value Decomposition ) algorithms are employed owing to their simple scheme with mathematical function .
+1	Local BRST cohomological classes are characterized , besides the form degree and the ghost number , by the length of their descents and of their lifts , and this both in the standard and the extended antifield formalism .	In the extended antifield formalism , a quantum BRST differential for anomalous gauge theories is constructed .	It is shown that during the BRST invariant renormalization of a local BRST cohomological class , the anomaly that can appear is constrained to be a local BRST cohomological class with a shorter descent and a longer lift than the given class .	As an application of both results , a simple approach to the Adler-Bardeen theorem for the non abelian gauge anomaly is proposed .	It applies independently of the gauge fixing , of power counting restrictions and does not rely on the use of the Callan-Symanzik equation .
+2	Such a cancellation can plausibly appear within several classes of SUSY breaking models .	The gluino contributions to the $ C'_ { 7,8 } $ Wilson coefficients for b- & gt ; s\gamma are calculated within the unconstrained MSSM .	New stringent bounds on the \dRLbs and \dRRbs mass insertion parameters are obtained in the limit in which the SM and SUSY contributions to $ C_ { 7,8 } $ approximately cancel .	Assuming this cancellation takes place , we perform an analysis of the b- & gt ; s\gamma decay .	We show that , in the unconstrained MSSM such an alternative is reasonable and it is possible to saturate the b- & gt ; s\gamma branching ratio and produce a CP asymmetry of up to 20 % , from only the gluino contribution to $ C'_ { 7,8 } $ coefficients .
+4	The quadrupole moment is decreased by the Gauss-Bonnet term for rapidly rotating neutron stars , while it is increased for slowly rotating neutron stars .	We construct sequences of rapidly rotating neutron stars in dilatonic Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory , employing two equations of state for the nuclear matter .	We analyze the dependence of the physical properties of these neutron stars on the Gauss-Bonnet coupling strength .	For a given equation of state we determine the physically relevant domain of rapidly rotating neutron stars , which is delimited by the set of neutron stars rotating at the Kepler limit , the set of neutron stars along the secular instability line , and the set of static neutron stars .	As compared to Einstein gravity , the presence of the Gauss-Bonnet term decreases this domain , leading to lower values for the maximum mass as well as to smaller central densities .
+0	We report on Australia Telescope observations of the massive star forming region G305.2+0.2 at 1.2 cm .	We detected emission in five molecules towards G305A , confirming its hot core nature .	We determined a rotational temperature of 26 K for methanol .	A non-LTE excitation calculation suggests a kinematic temperature of order 200 K. A time dependent chemical model is also used to model the gas phase chemistry of the hot core associated with G305A .	A comparison with the observations suggest an age of between 2 x10^4 and 1.5 x10^5 years .
+1	In this mechanism , gravitino decay produces a CP-asymmetry that is carried by squarks or sleptons .	We explore here a new mechanism by which the out of equilibrium decay of heavy gravitinos , followed by possible R-parity violating decays in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( MSSM ) can generate the baryon asymmetry of the universe .	These particles then decay through R-parity violating operators generating a lepton asymmetry .	The lepton asymmetry is converted into a baryon asymmetry by weak sphalerons , as in the familiar case of leptogenesis by Majorana neutrino decays .	To ensure that the gravitino decays while the sphaleron is still in equilibrium , we obtain a lower bound on the gravitino mass , $ m_ { 3/2 } \gtrsim 10^ { 8 } \GeV $ , and therefore our mechanism requires a high scale of SUSY breaking , as well as minimum reheating temperature after inflation of $ T\gtrsim 10^ { 12 } \GeV $ in order to for the gravitino density to be sufficiently large to generate the baryon asymmetry today .
+1	While the multifractal formalism describes how these densities behave in the asymptotic or long-time limit , there are significant finite-size corrections which are coordinate dependent .	We study the probability densities of finite-time or \local Lyapunov exponents ( LLEs ) in low-dimensional chaotic systems .	Depending on the nature of the dynamical state , the distribution of local Lyapunov exponents has a characteristic shape .	For intermittent dynamics , and at crises , dynamical correlations lead to distributions with stretched exponential tails , while for fully-developed chaos the probability density has a cusp .	Exact results are presented for the logistic map , $ x \to 4x ( 1-x ) $ .
+0	Temperature-dependent radiative recombination of free excitons involving one or two LO phonons in GaN is investigated in detail .	It is found that both phonon sidebands possess asymmetric lineshape and their energy spacings from the zero phonon line strongly deviate from the characteristic energy of LO phonons as the temperature increases .	Furthermore , the deviation rates of one and two phonon sidebands are significantly different .	Segall-Mahan theory , taking the exciton-photon and exciton-phonon interactions into account , is employed to calculate the sidebands of one or two LO phonons for free excitons in a wide temperature range .	Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is achieved by using only one adjustable parameter ( effective mass of free excitons ) .
+3	We carry out two-dimensional , time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations of merger remnant accretion disks including viscous angular momentum transport and approximate neutrino self-irradiation .	The accretion disk that forms after a neutron star merger is a source of neutron-rich ejecta .	The ejected material contributes to a radioactively-powered electromagnetic transient , with properties that depend sensitively on the composition of the outflow .	Here we investigate how the spin of the black hole remnant influences mass ejection on the thermal and viscous timescales .	The gravity of the spinning black hole is included via a pseudo-Newtonian potential .
+1	Combined radio and X-ray images reveal the dramatic interaction which is taking place between the radio jet and the central cluster plasma .	Almost every strong cooling core contains an active radio galaxy .	At least two important questions can in principle be answered by comparing the new data to theoretical models .	The first is how the radio jet propagates , and disrupts , in the cooling core environment : why are these cluster-center radio sources unusual ?	The second is the effect the radio jet has on the cooling core : is it energetically important to the core ?
+4	The viscosity coefficient is found to depend essentially on the angle $ \gamma $ between the magnetic field $ { \bf B } $ and the $ { \bf c } $ axis normal to the layers .	The dynamics of 2D pancake vortices in Josephson-coupled superconducting/normal - metal multilayers is considered within the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory .	For temperatures close to $ T_ { c } $ a viscous drag force acting on a moving 2D vortex is shown to depend strongly on the conductivity of normal metal layers .	For a tilted vortex line consisting of 2D vortices the equation of viscous motion in the presence of a transport current parallel to the layers is obtained .	The specific structure of the vortex line core leads to a new dynamic behavior and to substantial deviations from the Bardeen-Stephen theory .
+1	X is said to follow Benford 's law if log ( X ) is uniform mod 1 .	A random variable ( r.v . )	Many experimental data sets prove to follow an approximate version of it , and so do many mathematical series and continuous random variables .	This phenomenon received some interest , and several explanations have been put forward .	Most of them focus on specific data , depending on strong assumptions , often linked with the log function .
+0	In two preceding papers ( Infeld and Senatorski 2003 J.Phys . : Condens .	Matter 15 5865 , and Senatorski and Infeld 2004 J.Phys . : Condens .	Matter 16 6589 ) the authors confirmed Feynman 's hypothesis on how circular vortices can be created from oppositely polarized pairs of linear vortices ( first paper ) , and then gave examples of the creation of several different circular vortices from one linear pair ( second paper ) .	Here in part III , we give two classes of examples of how the vortices can interact .	The first confirms the intuition that the reconnection processes which join two interacting vortex lines into one , practically do not occur .
+2	The proof relies on the theory of CAT ( -1 ) spaces .	Let $ C ( L ) $ be the right-angled Coxeter group defined by an abstract triangulation $ L $ of $ \mathbb { S } ^2 $ .	We show that $ C ( L ) $ is isomorphic to a hyperbolic right-angled reflection group if and only if $ L $ can be realized as an acute triangulation .	A corollary is that an abstract triangulation of $ \mathbb { S } ^2 $ can be realized as an acute triangulation exactly when it satisfies a combinatorial condition called `` flag no-square '' .	We also study generalizations of this result to other angle bounds , other planar surfaces and other dimensions .
+3	Those shear states are homogeneous , and become intermittent in the quasi-static regime .	We study the steady plane shear flow of a dense assembly of frictional , inelastic disks using discrete simulation and prescribing the pressure and the shear rate .	We show that , in the limit of rigid grains , the shear state is determined by a single dimensionless number , called inertial number I , which describes the ratio of inertial to pressure forces .	Small values of I correspond to the quasi-static regime of soil mechanics , while large values of I correspond to the collisional regime of the kinetic theory .	When I increases in the intermediate regime , we measure an approximately linear decrease of the solid fraction from the maximum packing value , and an approximately linear increase of the effective friction coefficient from the static internal friction value .
+0	The current-induced resonant excitation of a magnetic vortex core is investigated by means of analytical and micromagnetic calculations .	We find that the radius and the phase shift of the resonant motion are not correctly described by the analytical equations because of the dynamic distortion of a vortex core .	In contrast , the initial tilting angle of a vortex core is free from the distortion and determined by the nonadiabaticity of the spin torque .	It is insensitive to experimentally uncontrollable current-induced in-plane Oersted field .	We propose that a time-resolved imaging of the very initial trajectory of a core is essential to experimentally estimate the nonadiabaticity .
+2	List decoding involves exploring several decoding paths with SC decoding , and therefore tends to be slower than SC decoding itself , by an order of magnitude in practical implementations .	Polar codes asymptotically achieve the symmetric capacity of memoryless channels , yet their error-correcting performance under successive-cancellation ( SC ) decoding for short and moderate length codes is worse than that of other modern codes such as low-density parity-check ( LDPC ) codes .	Of the many methods to improve the error-correction performance of polar codes , list decoding yields the best results , especially when the polar code is concatenated with a cyclic redundancy check ( CRC ) .	In this paper , we present a new algorithm based on unrolling the decoding tree of the code that improves the speed of list decoding by an order of magnitude when implemented in software .	Furthermore , we show that for software-defined radio applications , our proposed algorithm is faster than the fastest software implementations of LDPC decoders in the literature while offering comparable error-correction performance at similar or shorter code lengths .
+3	Its dependence on quantum well width follows an universal curve .	A simple illustrative wave function with only three variational parameters is suggested to calculate the binding energy of negatively charged excitons ( X- ) as a function of quantum well width .	The results of calculations are in agreement with experimental data for GaAs , CdTe and ZnSe quantum wells , which differ considerably in exciton and trion binding energy .	The normalized X- binding energy is found to be nearly independent of electron-to-hole mass ratio for any quantum well heterostructure with conventional parameters .	The curve is described by a simple phenomenological equation .
+4	Thus a white dwarf in a close binary may be more susceptible to general relativistic instability than the instability associated with electron capture and pycronuclear reaction ( depending on the white dwarf composition ) .	What happens to a neutron star or white dwarf near its maximum mass limit when it is brought into a close binary orbit with a companion ?	Such situation may occur in the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae and in coalescing neutron star binaries .	Using an energy variational principle , we show that tidal field reduces the central density of the compact object , making it more stable against radial collapse .	For a cold white dwarf , the tidal field increases the maximum stable mass only slightly , but can actually lower the maximum central density by as much as $ 30\ % $ .
+2	We have discussed the equivalence between Tsallis and the Kaniadakis statistics in the context of Verlinde entropic formalism .	In this paper we have derived the equipartition law of energy using Tsallis formalism and the Kaniadakis power law statistics in order to obtain a modified gravitational constant .	We have applied this result in the gravothermal collapse phenomenon .	In the same way we have analyzed negative heat capacities in the light of gravothermal catastrophe .	The relative deviations of the modified gravitational constants are derived .
+2	Then the challenging problem becomes to fulfil the qualitative investigation based on the study of the Liouville foliation of the phase space .	The Kowalevski gyrostat in two constant fields is known as the unique example of an integrable Hamiltonian system with three degrees of freedom not reducible to a family of systems in fewer dimensions and still having the clear mechanical interpretation .	The practical explicit integration of this system can hardly be obtained by the existing techniques .	As the first approach to topological analysis of this system we find the stratified critical set of the momentum map ; this set consists of the trajectories with number of frequencies less than three .	We obtain the equations of the bifurcation diagram in three-dimensional space .
+2	This service , freely available , is developed and maintained within the atmospheric ETHER data center .	Spectra of astronomical targets acquired from ground-based instruments are affected by the atmospheric transmission .	The authors and their institutes are developing a web-based service , TAPAS ( Transmissions of the AtmosPhere for AStromomical data ) .	TAPAS computes the atmospheric transmission in the line-of-sight to the target indicated by the user .	The user files a request indicating the time , ground location , and either the equatorial coordinates of the target or the Zenith Angle of the line-of sight ( LOS ) .
+3	IRS2 is associated with the UCHII region G206.543-16.347 and the infrared source IRAS 05393-0156 .	We re-examine the nature of NGC2024-IRS2 in light of the recent discovery of the late O-type star , IRS2b , located 5 arcsec from IRS2 .	Using L-band spectroscopy , we set a lower limit of Av = 27.0 mag on the visual extinction towards IRS2 .	Arguments based on the nature of the circumstellar material , favor an Av of 31.5 mag .	We show that much of the mid-infrared emission towards IRS2 , as well as the far infrared emission peaking at ~ 100 micron , do not originate in the direct surroundings of IRS2 , but instead from an extended molecular cloud .
+2	The method also avoids the need for saturating 'internal sums ' due to the re-expansion of the spherical Hankel functions around another point in space ( usually another cell center ) .	We present a rigorous derivation of a real space Full-Potential Multiple-Scattering-Theory ( FP-MST ) , valid both for continuum and bound states , that is free from the drawbacks that up to now have impaired its development , in particular the need to use cell shape functions and rectangular matrices .	In this connection we give a new scheme to generate local basis functions for the truncated potential cells that is simple , fast , efficient , valid for any shape of the cell and reduces to the minimum the number of spherical harmonics in the expansion of the scattering wave function .	Thus this approach , provides a straightforward extension of MST in the Muffin-Tin ( MT ) approximation , with only one truncation parameter given by the classical relation $ l_ { \rm max } = kR_b $ , where $ k $ is the excited ( or ground state ) electron wave vector and $ R_b $ the radius of the bounding sphere of the scattering cell .	It is shown that the theory converges absolutely in the $ l_ { \rm max } \to \infty $ limit .
+1	Coarsening of the system , when quenched from a dis- ordered state to zero temperature , is observed to be enhanced by the existence of the mode coupling terms .	We investigate , via numerical simulations , the phase ordering kinetics of a two- dimensional soft-spin O ( 2 ) Ginzburg-Landau model when a reversible mode cou- pling is included via the conserved conjugate momentum of the spin order parameter ( the model E ) .	The growth of the characteristic length scale L ( t ) exhibits an effective super-diffusive growth exponent that can be interpreted as a positive logarithmic-like correction to a diffusive growth , i.e. , L ( t ) ~ ( t ln t ) ^ { 1/2 } .	In order to understand this behavior , we introduced a simple phenomenological model of coarsening based on the annihilation dynamics of a vortex-antivortex pair , incorporating the effect of vortex inertia and logarithmically divergent mobility of the vortex .	With a suitable choice of the parameters , numerical solutions of the simple model can fit the full simulation results very adequately .
+0	We study nematic liquid crystal configurations in confined geometries within the continuum Landau -- De Gennes theory .	These nematic configurations are mathematically described by symmetric , traceless two-tensor fields , known as $ \Qvec $ -tensor order parameter fields .	We obtain explicit upper bounds for the order parameters of equilibrium liquid crystal configurations in terms of the temperature , material constants , boundary conditions and the domain geometry .	These bounds are compared with the bounds predicted by the statistical mechanics definition of the $ \Qvec $ -tensor order parameter .	They give quantitative information about the temperature regimes for which the Landau-De Gennes definition and the statistical mechanics definition of the $ \Qvec $ -tensor order parameter agree and the temperature regimes for which the two definitions fail to agree .
+1	{ \bf 91 } , 206402 ( 2003 ) ] is extended to electron or spin systems with nonlocal interactions .	The variational cluster approximation ( VCA ) proposed by M. Potthoff { \it et al . } [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	By introducing more than one source field in the action and employing the Legendre transformation , we derive a generalized self-energy functional with stationary properties .	Applying this functional to a proper reference system , we construct the extended VCA ( EVCA ) .	In the limit of continuous degrees of freedom for the reference system , EVCA can recover the cluster extension of the extended dynamical mean-field theory ( EDMFT ) .
+2	Previous work has suggested that it is possible to define distribution functions for such systems that describe maximum entropy states .	The equilibria formed by the self-gravitating , collisionless collapse of simple initial conditions have been investigated for decades .	We present the results of our attempts to describe the equilibria formed in $ N $ -body simulations using thermodynamically-motivated models .	These distribution functions are used to create radial density and velocity distributions for comparison to those from simulations .	A wide variety of $ N $ -body code conditions are used to reduce the chance that results are biased by numerical issues .
+1	55 % volume fraction up to random close packing , in the absence of structural heterogeneities .	We propose a simple route to evaluate the static structure , in terms of average coordination , of completely disordered solids with spherical constituents , from ca .	Based on the current understanding , according to which the structure-determining interaction in amorphous solids is the hard-core repulsion while weaker , longer-range interactions are mere perturbations , the model yields the average coordination in the solid as a result of a hyperquenching process where the instantaneous structure of the precursor liquid snapshot is distorted to the same degree required to quench the hard-sphere liquid into the isostatic jammed state at 64 % volume fraction .	The characteristic length of distortion turns out to be about 3 % of the particle diameter .	Extrapolating to lower volume fractions , this is thus the quenching route leading to the most spatially homogeneous states .
+0	As we all known , the nonnegative matrix factorization ( NMF ) is a dimension reduction method that has been widely used in image processing , text compressing and signal processing etc .	In this paper , an algorithm for nonnegative matrix approximation is proposed .	This method mainly bases on the active set and the quasi-Newton type algorithm , by using the symmetric rank-one and negative curvature direction technologies to approximate the Hessian matrix .	Our method improves the recent results of those methods in [ Pattern Recognition , 45 ( 2012 ) 3557-3565 ; SIAM J. Sci .	Comput. , 33 ( 6 ) ( 2011 ) 3261-3281 ; Neural Computation , 19 ( 10 ) ( 2007 ) 2756-2779 , etc . ] .
+0	Electronic transport through a quantum dot chain embodied in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer is theoretically investigated .	In such a system , it is found that only for the configurations with the same-numbered quantum dots side-coupled to the quantum dots in the arms of the interferometer , some molecular states of the quantum dot chain decouple from the leads .	Namely , in the absence of magnetic flux all odd molecular states decouple from the leads , but all even molecular states decouple from the leads when an appropriate magnetic flux is introduced .	Interestingly , the antiresonance position in the electron transport spectrum is independent of the change of the decoupled molecular states .	In addition , when considering the many-body effect within the second-order approximation , we show that the emergence of decoupling gives rise to the apparent destruction of electron-hole symmetry .
+1	Their existence could explain the missing dark matter of the universe .	Axions are very light , very weakly interacting particles postulated more than 30 years ago in the context of the Standard Model of particle physics .	However , despite intensive searches , they have yet to be detected .	In this work , we show that magnetic fluctuations of topological insulators couple to the electromagnetic fields exactly like the axions , and propose several experiments to detect this dynamical axion field .	In particular , we show that the axion coupling enables a nonlinear modulation of the electromagnetic field , leading to attenuated total reflection .
+1	The heavy energetic ions of the Jovian plasma ( H+ , O+ , S+ , C+ ) can erode the surface of Europa via ion sputtering ( IS ) , ejecting up to 1000 H2O molecules per ion .	In this paper , we look at space weathering processes on the icy surface of Jupiter 's moon Europa .	UV Photons impinging the Europa 's surface can also result in neutral atom release via photon-stimulated desorption ( PSD ) and chemical change ( photolysis ) .	In this work , we study the efficiency of the IS and PSD processes for ejecting water molecules , simulating the resulting neutral H2O density .	We also estimate the contribution to the total neutral atom release by the Ion Backscattering ( IBS ) process .
+4	Since these large volumes can no longer be processed with existing methods , we present a new algorithm which performs geometry and topology extraction with a runtime linear in the number of voxels and log-linear in the number of faces and curves .	Segmentation is often an essential intermediate step in image analysis .	A volume segmentation characterizes the underlying volume image in terms of geometric information -- segments , faces between segments , curves in which several faces meet -- as well as a topology on these objects .	Existing algorithms encode this information in designated data structures , but require that these data structures fit entirely in Random Access Memory ( RAM ) .	Today , 3D images with several billion voxels are acquired , e.g.in structural neurobiology .
+3	We use this unique material to analyze the behavior of interstellar extinction and to trace the detailed structure of the Third Galactic Quadrant ( TGQ ) .We find that the Outer ( Cygnus ) grand design spiral arm is traced by stellar and CO components while the Perseus arm is traced solely by CO and is possibly being disrupted by the crossing of the Local ( Orion ) arm .	We combine optical and radio observations to trace the spiral structure in the Third Quadrant of the Milky Way .	The optical observations consist of a large sample of young open clusters and associations , whereas the radio observations consist of a survey of nearby and distant clouds observed in CO .	Both the optical and radio samples are the largest ones insofar present in the literature .	The Local arm is traced by CO and young stars toward l = 240 degrees and extends for over 8 kpc along the line of sight reaching the Outer arm .
+2	The calculations are performed both for a completely inclusive experimental set-up and for a realistic one , i.e.a set-up with cuts on the acollinearity angle , on the energy of the outgoing fermions or on their invariant mass and angular acceptance .	The program TOPAZ0 was developed for computing a variety of physical observables which are related to the e+e- annihilation into fermion pairs and to the large angle Bhabha scattering around the Z resonance .	Among them , the Z parameters or pseudo-observables , the de-convoluted cross sections and those dressed with QED radiation , and finally the forward-backward asymmetries .	The new version , 4.0 , includes several innovative features .	First of all , the most important new capabilities since previous versions are recently computed electroweak and QCD correction factors that are relevant at the Z resonance in the light of the present experimental accuracy .
+0	As a result of nuclear power plant accidents , large areas receive radioactive inputs of Cs-137 .	This cesium accumulates in herbs growing in such territories .	The problem is whether the herbs contaminated by radiocesium may be used as a raw material for medicine .	The answer depends on the amount of Cs-137 transfered from the contaminated raw material to the medicine .	We have presented new results of the transfer of Cs-137 from contaminated Digitalis grandiflora Mill .
+1	In these a massive particle recoils because of the anisotropic emission of photons .	Einstein 's equations admit solutions corresponding to photon rockets .	In this paper we ask whether rocket motion can be powered only by the emission of gravitational waves .	We use the double series approximation method and show that this is possible .	A loss of mass and gain in momentum arise in the second approximation because of the emission of quadrupole and octupole waves .
+0	A system of two exchange-coupled Kondo impurities in a magnetic field gives rise to a rich phase space hosting a multitude of correlated phenomena .	Magnetic atoms on surfaces probed through scanning tunnelling microscopy provide an excellent platform to investigate coupled impurities , but typical high Kondo temperatures prevent field-dependent studies from being performed , rendering large parts of the phase space inaccessible .	We present an integral study of pairs of Co atoms on insulating Cu2N/Cu ( 100 ) , which each have a Kondo temperature of only 2.6 K. In order to cover the different regions of the phase space , the pairs are designed to have interaction strengths similar to the Kondo temperature .	By applying a sufficiently strong magnetic field , we are able to access a new phase in which the two coupled impurities are simultaneously screened .	Comparison of differential conductance spectra taken on the atoms to simulated curves , calculated using a third order transport model , allows us to independently determine the degree of Kondo screening in each phase .
+4	Its accuracy is tested with the known Zachary Karate Club and College Football datasets .	Community structure identification has been an important research topic in complex networks and there has been many algorithms proposed so far to detect community structures in complex networks , where most of the algorithms are not suitable for very large networks because of their time-complexity .	Genetic algorithm for detecting communities in complex networks , which is based on optimizing network modularity using genetic algorithm , is presented here .	It is scalable to very large networks and does not need any priori knowledge about number of communities or any threshold value .	It has O ( e ) time-complexity where e is the number of edges in the network .
+1	This model suite comprises the first set of three-dimensional SN Ia simulations with detailed isotopic yield information .	We present results for a suite of fourteen three-dimensional , high resolution hydrodynamical simulations of delayed-detonation modelsof Type Ia supernova ( SN Ia ) explosions .	As such , it may serve as a database for Chandrasekhar-mass delayed-detonation model nucleosynthetic yields and for deriving synthetic observables such as spectra and light curves .	We employ a physically motivated , stochastic model based on turbulent velocity fluctuations and fuel density to calculate in situ the deflagration to detonation transition ( DDT ) probabilities .	To obtain different strengths of the deflagration phase and thereby different degrees of pre-expansion , we have chosen a sequence of initial models with 1 , 3 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 40 , 100 , 150 , 200 , 300 , and 1600 ( two different realizations ) ignition kernels in a hydrostatic white dwarf with central density of 2.9 x 10^9 gcc , plus in addition one high central density ( 5.5 x 10^9 gcc ) , and one low central density ( 1.0 x 10^9 gcc ) rendition of the 100 ignition kernel configuration .
+4	We also measured the temperature difference across the western part of the relic , where a shock with $ M \simeq 1.6 $ is suggested from the X-ray surface brightness analysis of the XMM-Newton data , and obtained consistent results in an independent way .	We present the results of Suzaku observations of the galaxy cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 with `` toothbrush '' radio relic .	Although a shock with Mach number $ M \simeq 4 $ is expected at the outer edge of the relic from the radio observation , our temperature measurements of the intracluster medium indicate a weaker temperature difference than what is expected .	The Mach number estimated from the temperature difference at the outer edge of the relic is $ M \simeq 1.5 $ , which is significantly lower than the value estimated from the radio data even considering both statistical and systematic errors .	This suggests that a diffusive shock acceleration theory in the linear test particle regime , which is commonly used to link the radio spectral index to the Mach number , is invalid for this relic .
+3	The tachyon potential lies outside the universality class of the D-brane anti-D-brane system .	The D0/D4 system with a Neveu-Schwarz B-field in the spatial directions of the D4-brane has a tachyon in the spectrum of the ( 0,4 ) strings .	The tachyon signals the instability of the system to form a bound state of the D0-brane with the D4-brane .	We use the Wess-Zumino-Witten like open superstring field theory formulated by Berkovits to study the tachyon potential for this system .	It is a function of the B-field .
+2	At one loop , we prove that for some choices of these orderings there is the absence of IR/UV mixing and the appearance of massless excitations .	The spontaneous symmetry breaking of rotational O ( N ) symmetry in noncommutative field theory is investigated in a 2+1 dimensional model of scalar fields coupled through a combination of quartic and sextuple self-interactions .	There are five possible orderings of the fields in the sextuple interaction and two for the quartic interaction .	A supersymmetric extension of the model is also studied .	Supersymmetry puts additional constraints on the couplings but for any given N there is a Moyal ordering of the superfields for which the requirement for the existence of Goldstone bosons is satisfied .
+3	Our analysis , valid in the limit of small mode amplitude , shows that the angular momentum separation is driven by the Reynolds stress generated by the spiral mode .	In the collapsing core of massive stars , the standing accretion shock instability ( SASI ) can drive spiral modes that efficiently redistribute angular momentum .	This process can impart a spin to the forming neutron star even when the progenitor star is non-rotating .	Here we develop the first analytical description of the angular momentum redistribution driven by a spiral mode of the SASI .	The resulting solutions compare favorably with previous three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the SASI in the linear and weakly non-linear phases .
+1	The collective excitations of the spin ensemble can be described in terms of generalized spin waves and , in the absence of the cavity , the free evolution of the spin ensemble can be described as a drift in the wave number without dispersion .	We study the excitation dynamics of an inhomogeneously broadened spin ensemble coupled to a single cavity mode .	In this article we show that the dynamics in the presence of coupling to the cavity mode can be described solely by a modified time evolution of the wave numbers .	In particular , we show that collective excitations with a well- defined wave number pass without dispersion from negative to positive valued wave numbers without populating the zero wave number spin wave mode .	The results are relevant for multi-mode collective quantum memories where qubits are encoded in different spin waves .
+0	In this talk , I present a theory of quantum gravity beyond Einstein .	The theory is established based on spinnic and scaling gauge symmetries by treating the gravitational force on the same footing as the electroweak and strong forces .	A bi-frame space-time is initiated to describe the laws of nature .	One frame space-time is a globally flat coordinate Minkowski space-time that acts as an inertial reference frame for the motions of fields , the other is a locally flat non-coordinate Gravifield space-time that functions as an interaction representation frame for the degrees of freedom of fields .	The Gravifield is sided on both the globally flat coordinate space-time and locally flat non-coordinate space-time and characterizes the gravitational force .
+4	The existence of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits connecting periodic orbits around the equilibria is examined and proved numerically in order to understand the global orbit structure of the system .	This paper investigates the dynamics of a particle orbiting around a rotating homogeneous cube , and shows fruitful results that have implications for examining the dynamics of orbits around non-spherical celestial bodies .	This study can be considered as an extension of previous research work on the dynamics of orbits around simple shaped bodies , including a straight segment , a circular ring , an annulus disk , and simple planar plates with backgrounds in celestial mechanics .	In the synodic reference frame , the model of a rotating cube is established , the equilibria are calculated , and their linear stabilities are determined .	Periodic orbits around the equilibria are computed using the traditional differential correction method , and their stabilities are determined by the eigenvalues of the monodromy matrix .
+2	We try to model DNA replication in this sense as a multi-body entanglement swapping with a reliable qubit representation of the nucleotides .	Quantum effects are mainly used for the determination of molecular shapes in molecular biology , but quantum information theory may be a more useful tool to understand the physics of life .	Organic molecules and quantum circuits/protocols can be considered as hardware and software of living systems that are co-optimized during evolution .	In our model molecular recognition of a nucleotide triggers an intrabase entanglement corresponding to a superposition state of different tautomer forms .	Then , base pairing occurs by swapping intrabase entanglements with interbase entanglements .
+2	The focal plane instruments consist of three UV spectrometers covering the spectral band from Lyman alpha to the atmospheric cutoff with R~55,000 and offering long-slit capability over the same band with R~1,000 .	The World Space Observatory is an unconventional space project proceeding via distributed studies .	The present design , verified for feasibilty , consists of a 1.7-meter telescope operating at the second Largangian point of the Earth-Sun system .	In addition , a number of UV and optical imagers view adjacent fields to that sampled by the spectrometers .	Their performance compares well with that of HST/ACS and the spectral capabilities of WSO rival those of HST/COS .
+1	The aim is to use compact astrophysical objects like neutron stars as an indicator to test holographic equations of state .	We solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation using an equation of state ( EoS ) calculated in holographic QCD .	We first try an EoS from a dense D4/D8/\textoverline { D8 } model .	In this case , however , we could not find a stable compact star , a star satisfying pressure-zero condition with a radius $ R $ , $ p ( R ) =0 $ , within a reasonable value of the radius .	This means that the EoS from the D4/D8/\textoverline { D8 } model may not support any stable compact stars or may support one whose radius is very large .
+4	The limits are statistically consistent with those for lensed quasars , and the combined radio + optical sample requires Omega_0 & gt ; 0.38 at 2-sigma ( 0.64 & lt ; Omega_0 & lt ; 1.66 at 1-sigma ) for our most conservative redshift completeness model and assuming that there are no quasar lenses produced by spiral galaxies .	We are conducting a redshift survey of 177 flat-spectrum radio sources in 3 samples covering the 5GHz flux ranges 50-100 , 100-200 and 200-250 mJy .	So far , we have measured 124 redshifts with completenesses of 80 % , 68 % and 58 % for the bright , intermediate , and faint flux ranges .	Using the newly determined redshift distribution we can derive cosmological limits from the statistics of the 6 gravitational lenses in the JVAS sample of 2500 flat-spectrum radio sources brighter than 200 mJy at 5GHz .	For flat cosmological models with a cosmological constant , the limit using only radio data is Omega_0 & gt ; 0.27 at 2-sigma ( 0.47 & lt ; Omega_0 & lt ; 1.38 at 1-sigma ) .
+0	The GCT is an innovative dual-mirror solution proposed for the small-size telescopes for CTA , capable of imaging primary cosmic gamma-rays from below a TeV to hundreds of TeV .	The reduced plate scale resulting from the secondary optics allows the use of compact photosensors , including multi-anode photomultiplier tubes or silicon photomultipliers .	We show preliminary results of Monte Carlo simulations using the packages CORSIKA and Sim_telarray , comparing the relative performance of each photosensor type .	We also investigate the effect of the secondary optics in terms of optical performance , image resolution and camera response .	With the ongoing commissioning of the prototype structure and camera , we present the preliminary expected performance of GCT .
+2	The quantum Poincare mapping is shown to be the product of the two generalized ( non-unitary but compact ) on-shell scattering operators of the two scattering Hamiltonians which are obtained from the original bound one by cutting the f-dim configuration space ( CS ) along ( f-1 ) -dim configurational SOS and attaching the flat quasi-one-dimensional waveguides instead .	A new method for exact quantization of general bound Hamiltonian systems is presented .	It is the quantum analogue of the classical Poincare Surface Of Section ( SOS ) reduction of classical dynamics .	The quantum Poincare mapping has fixed points at the eigenenergies of the original bound Hamiltonian .	The energy dependent quantum propagator ( E - H ) ^ ( -1 ) can be decomposed in terms of the four energy dependent propagators which propagate from and/or to CS to and/or from configurational SOS ( which may generally be composed of many disconnected parts ) .
+2	This is in agreement with previous results .	We present independent observations of the solar-cycle variation of flows near the solar surface and at a depth of about 60 Mm , in the latitude range $ \pm45^\circ $ .	We show that the time-varying components of the meridional flow at these two depths have opposite sign , while the time-varying components of the zonal flow are in phase .	We then investigate whether the observations are consistent with a theoretical model of solar-cycle dependent meridional circulation based on a flux-transport dynamo combined with a geostrophic flow caused by increased radiative loss in the active region belt ( the only existing quantitative model ) .	We find that the model and the data are in qualitative agreement , although the amplitude of the solar-cycle variation of the meridional flow at 60 Mm is underestimated by the model .
+1	By allowing an arbitrary information exchange pattern , the considered channel model is a unified one .	This paper studies the achievable degrees of freedom for multi-user MIMO two-way relay channels , where there are $ K $ source nodes , each equipped with $ M $ antennas , one relay node , equipped with $ N $ antennas , and each source node exchanges independent messages with an arbitrary set of other source nodes via the relay .	It includes several existing channel models as special cases : $ K $ -user MIMO Y channel , multi-pair MIMO two-way relay channel , generalized MIMO two-way X relay channel , and $ L $ -cluster MIMO multiway relay channel .	Previous studies mainly considered the achievability of the DoF cut-set bound $ 2N $ at the antenna configuration $ N & lt ; 2M $ by applying signal alignment .	This work aims to investigate the achievability of the DoF cut-set bound $ KM $ for the case $ N\geq 2M $ .
+4	Overcoming this lack of accuracy is relevant to properly assess SLA violations and establish the basis for insurance claims .	Cloud availability is a major performance parameter for cloud platforms , but there are very few measurements on commercial platforms , and most of them rely on outage reports as appeared on specialized sites , providers ' dashboards , or the general press .	A paper recently presented at the PAM 2014 conference by Hu et alii reports the results of a measurement campaign .	In this note , the results of that paper are summarized , highlighting sources of inaccuracy and some possible improvements .	In particular , the use of a low probing frequency could lead to non detection of short outages , as well as to an inaccurate estimation of the outage duration statistics .
+1	To date there is still no solution to this problem which would work for realistic QCD .	A brief review is given of the sign problem in finite density lattice QCD and various attempts to overcome it .	The main focus then is on the deconfined phase , where QCD can be described by a dimensionally reduced effective action .	After summarizing derivation and validity of the effective theory , it is demonstrated that it can be simulated efficiently in the presence of a chemical potential for quarks $ \mu/T\lsim 4 $ .	Direct comparison of simulations with imaginary and real $ \mu $ suggests that equilibrium plasma properties could be analytically continued from 4d QCD simulations at imaginary $ \mu $ .
+3	We implement a spatial light modulator with 8-bit transmission control for the per-site adjustment of the trap depth and the number of atoms loaded .	Two-dimensional arrays of optical micro-traps created by microoptical elements present a versatile and scalable architecture for neutral atom quantum information processing , quantum simulation , and the manipulation of ultra-cold quantum gases .	In this article , we demonstrate advanced capabilities of this approach by introducing novel techniques and functionalities as well as the combined operation of previously separately implemented functions .	We introduce piezo-actuator based transport of atom ensembles over distances of more than one trap separation , examine the capabilities of rapid atom transport provided by acousto-optical beam steering , and analyze the adiabaticity limit for atom transport in these configurations .	We combine single-site addressing , trap depth control , and atom transport in one configuration for demonstrating the splitting of atom ensembles with variable ratio at predefined register sites .
+2	Since the field equations are explicitly integrable , concrete examples can be given of various dynamic wormhole processes , as follows .	The CGHS two-dimensional dilaton gravity model is generalized to include a ghost Klein-Gordon field , i.e.with negative gravitational coupling .	This exotic radiation supports the existence of static traversible wormhole solutions , analogous to Morris-Thorne wormholes .	( i ) Static wormholes are constructed by irradiating an initially static black hole with the ghost field .	( ii ) The operation of a wormhole to transport matter or radiation between the two universes is described , including the back-reaction on the wormhole , which is found to exhibit a type of neutral stability .
+0	In this work , we stress the existence of isomorphisms which map complex contours from the upper half to contours in the lower half of the complex plane .	The metric operator is found to depend on the chosen contour but the maps connecting different contours are norm-preserving .	To elucidate these features , we parametrized the contour $ z=-2i\sqrt { 1+ix } $ considered in Phys.Rev.D73:085002 ( 2006 ) for the study of wrong sign $ x^ { 4 } $ theory .	For the parametrized contour of the form $ z=a\sqrt { b+i c x } $ , we found that there exists an equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian provided that $ a^ { 2 } c $ is taken to be real .	The equivalent Hamiltonian is $ b $ -independent but the metric operator is found to depend on all the parameters $ a $ , $ b $ and $ c $ .
+4	We use qualitative projection to abstract MNIST hand-written digits with respect to the various dogs , horses , planes and cars of the CIFAR dataset .	Deep neural networks ( DNN ) abstract by demodulating the output of linear filters .	In this article , we refine this definition of abstraction to show that the inputs of a DNN are abstracted with respect to the filters .	Or , to restate , the abstraction is qualified by the filters .	This leads us to introduce the notion of qualitative projection .
+3	Here we compute the rate at which electron-hydrogen collisions change the hydrogen spin .	The spin temperature of neutral hydrogen , which determines the 21 cm optical depth and brightness temperature , is set by the competition between radiative and collisional processes .	In the high-redshift intergalactic medium , the dominant collisions are typically those between hydrogen atoms .	However , collisions with electrons couple much more efficiently to the spin state of hydrogen than do collisions with other hydrogen atoms and thus become important once the ionized fraction exceeds ~1 % .	Previous calculations included only S-wave scattering and ignored resonances near the n=2 threshold .
+3	We adopt a simple model of a turbulent dynamo in a shearing box driven by helically forced turbulence .	The small-scale magnetic field is ubiquitous at the solar surface -- -even at high latitudes .	From observations we know that this field is uncorrelated ( or perhaps even weakly anticorrelated ) with the global sunspot cycle .	Our aim is to explore the origin , and particularly the cycle dependence of such a phenomenon using three-dimensional dynamo simulations .	Depending on the dynamo parameters , large-scale ( global ) and small-scale ( local ) dynamos can be excited independently in this model .
+0	The sign problem at nonzero chemical potential prohibits the use of importance sampling in lattice simulations .	Since complex Langevin dynamics does not rely on importance sampling , it provides a potential solution .	Recently it was shown that complex Langevin dynamics fails in the disordered phase in the case of the three-dimensional XY model , while it appears to work in the entire phase diagram in the case of the three-dimensional SU ( 3 ) spin model .	Here we analyse this difference and argue that it is due to the presence of the nontrivial Haar measure in the SU ( 3 ) case , which has a stabilizing effect on the complexified dynamics .	The freedom to modify and stabilize the complex Langevin process is discussed in some detail .
+3	General two- and single-variable evolution equations are presented for the expectation values of these operators for non-forward scattering .	A systematic derivation is presented of the twist-2 anomalous dimensions of the general quark and gluon light-ray operators in the generalized Bjorken region in leading order both for unpolarized and polarized scattering .	Various representations of the anomalous dimensions are derived both in the non-local and the local light cone expansion and their properties are discussed in detail .	Evolution equations for these operators are derived using different representations .	The Compton amplitude is calculated in terms of these distribution amplitudes .
+1	Due to their benefits , choreographies have been largely adopted for the writing of business processes and communication protocols .	Choreographic Programming is a paradigm for developing concurrent software that is correct by construction , by syntactically disallowing mismatched I/O operations in programs , called choreographies .	However , current choreography language models can not capture many kinds of communication structures , limiting their applicability .	In this paper , we present Procedural Choreographies ( PC ) , a new language model that includes the novel feature of reusable choreographic procedures , parameterised on the processes they use .	PC also combines , for the first time in choreographies , general recursion with the ability to create new processes at runtime .
+4	We also demonstrate that the tip can be used to redirect misaligned carriers back to the collector .	We use scanning gate microscopy to map out the trajectories of ballistic carriers in high-mobility graphene encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride and subject to a weak magnetic field .	We employ a magnetic focusing geometry to image carriers that emerge ballistically from an injector , follow a cyclotron path due to the Lorentz force from an applied magnetic field , and land on an adjacent collector probe .	The local electric field generated by the scanning tip in the vicinity of the carriers deflects their trajectories , modifying the proportion of carriers focused into the collector .	By measuring the voltage at the collector while scanning the tip , we are able to obtain images with arcs that are consistent with the expected cyclotron motion .
+3	These half skyrmions move due to the coupling between skyrmion topological charge and current .	Motivated by the recent experimental observations on the skyrmion creation by cutting chiral stripe domains under a current drive [ Jiang { \emph { et al .	} } , Science { \bf { 349 } } , 283 ( 2015 ) ] , we study the mechanism of skyrmion generation by simulating the dynamics of stripe domains .	Our theory for skyrmion generation is based on the fact that there are two half skyrmions attached to the ends of a stripe domain .	As a consequence , the stripe domain is bended or stretched depending on the direction of motion of the half skyrmions .
+3	The cooperation of one team of motors generates long-range transport , which we observed experimentally in vitro .	Molecular motors transport various cargos along cytoskeletal filaments , analogous to trucks on roads .	In contrast to vehicles , however , molecular motors do not work alone but in small teams .	We describe a simple model for the transport of a cargo by one team of motors and by two teams of motors , which walk into opposite directions .	Transport by two teams of motors leads to a variety of bidirectional motility behaviour and to dynamic instabilities reminiscent of spontaneous symmetry breaking .
+1	The AGN are selected such that their rest-frame UV to near-IR SEDs are dominated by stellar emission , i.e. , they show a prominent 1.6micron bump , thus minimizing the AGN emission 'contamination ' .	We study the stellar and star formation ( SF ) properties of the host galaxies of 58 X-ray selected AGN in the GOODS portion of the Chandra Deep Field South ( CDF-S ) region at z~0.5-1.4 .	This AGN population comprises approximately 50 % of the X-ray selected AGN at these redshifts .	Using models of stellar and dust emission we model their SEDs to derive stellar masses ( M* ) and total ( UV+IR ) star formation rates ( SFR ) .	AGN reside in the most massive galaxies at the redshifts probed here .
+0	A subspace projection to improve channel estimation in massive multi-antenna systems is proposed and analyzed .	Together with power-controlled hand-off , it can mitigate the pilot contamination problem without the need for coordination among cells .	The proposed method is blind in the sense that it does not require pilot data to find the appropriate subspace .	It is based on the theory of large random matrices that predicts that the eigenvalue spectra of large sample covariance matrices can asymptotically decompose into disjoint bulks as the matrix size grows large .	Random matrix and free probability theory are utilized to predict under which system parameters such a bulk decomposition takes place .
+0	This article continues the study of computable elementary topology started by the author and T. Grubba in 2009 and extends the author 's 2010 study of axioms of computable separation .	Several computable T3- and Tychonoff separation axioms are introduced and their logical relation is investigated .	A number of implications between these axioms are proved and several implications are excluded by counter examples , however , many questions have not yet been answered .	Known results on computable metrization of T3-spaces from M. Schr/ '' oder ( 1998 ) and T. Grubba , M. Schr/ '' oder and the author ( 2007 ) are proved under uniform assumptions and with partly simpler proofs , in particular , the theorem that every computably regular computable topological space with non-empty base elements can be embedded into a computable metric space .	Most of the computable separation axioms remain true for finite products of spaces .
+2	We present methods to reduce the time complexity of the algorithm and report on experiments on deriving language models for a speech recognition task .	This paper investigates model merging , a technique for deriving Markov models from text or speech corpora .	Models are derived by starting with a large and specific model and by successively combining states to build smaller and more general models .	The experiments show the advantage of model merging over the standard bigram approach .	The merged model assigns a lower perplexity to the test set and uses considerably fewer states .
+4	It is shown that : 1 ) The empirical vapor pressure equation derived by Giauque & amp ; Egan remains valid below the assumed lower limit of 154 K ( similar argument holds for Antoine 's equation ) , 2 ) The heat of sublimation reaches its maximum value of 27211 J $ \cdot $ mol\textsuperscript { -1 } at 58.829 K and 3 ) The vapor behaves as a ( polyatomic ) ideal gas for temperatures below 150 K .	We investigate the empirical data for the vapor pressure ( 154 $ \leq $ $ T $ $ \leq $ 196 K ) and heat capacity ( 15.52 $ \leq $ $ T $ $ \leq $ 189.78 K ) of the solid carbon dioxide .	The approach is both theoretical and numerical , using a computer algebra system ( CAS ) .	From the latter point of view , we have adopted a cubic piecewise polynomial representation for the heat capacity and reached an excellent agreement between the available empirical data and the evaluated one .	Furthermore , we have obtained values for the vapor pressure and heat of sublimation at temperatures below 195 right down to 0 K. The key prerequisites are the : 1 ) Determination of the heat of sublimation of 26250 J $ \cdot $ mol\textsuperscript { -1 } at vanishing temperature and 2 ) Elaboration of a `linearized ' vapor pressure equation that includes all the relevant properties of the gaseous and solid phases .
+3	The consequent gamma-ray fluxes easily exceed the EGRET limit at 100 MeV .	We calculate the fluxes of radio , hard X-rays and gamma-ray emission from clusters of galaxies , in the context of a secondary electron model ( SEM ) .	In the SEM the radiating electrons are produced by the decay of charged pions in cosmic ray ( CR ) interactions with the intracluster medium , while gamma ray emission is mainly contributed by the decay of neutral pions .	We specifically applied our calculations to the case of the Coma cluster , and found that the combined radio and hard X-ray fluxes can be explained in the SEM only if very small values of the intracluster magnetic field ( $ B\sim 0.1\mu G $ ) are assumed , which in turn imply a large energy density of the parent CRs .	This conclusion can be avoided only if most of the hard X-ray emission from Coma is not produced by Inverse Compton Scattering ( ICS ) .
+1	The recent discovery of charge order in various cuprate families fueled new interest into the role played by this incipient broken symmetry within the complex phase diagram of high-Tc superconductors .	Charge-ordered ground states permeate the phenomenology of 3d-based transition metal oxides , and more generally represent a distinctive hallmark of strongly-correlated states of matter .	Here we use resonant X-ray scattering to resolve the main characteristics of the charge-modulated state in two cuprate families : Bi2201 and YBCO .	We detect no signatures of spatial modulations along the nodal direction in Bi2201 , thus clarifying the inter-unit-cell momentum-structure of charge order .	We also resolve the intra-unit-cell symmetry of the charge ordered state , which is revealed to be best represented by a bond-order with modulated charges on the O-2p orbitals and a prominent d-wave character .
+4	With this in mind , we investigate and highlight relations between the SE-model semantics and individual rules .	Rules in logic programming encode information about mutual interdependencies between literals that is not captured by any of the commonly used semantics .	This information becomes essential as soon as a program needs to be modified or further manipulated .	We argue that , in these cases , a program should not be viewed solely as the set of its models .	Instead , it should be viewed and manipulated as the set of sets of models of each rule inside it .
+0	We report measurements of jet quenching in $ Au+Au $ collisions at $ \sqrt { s_ { NN } } $ =200 GeV , based on the semi-inclusive distribution of reconstructed charged particle jets recoiling from a high $ p_T $ hadron trigger .	Jets are reconstructed with the anti-k $ _T $ algorithm ( $ R $ =0.2 to 0.5 ) , with low IR-cutoff of track constituents ( $ p_ { T } & gt ; 0.2 $ GeV/c ) .	Uncorrelated background is corrected using a novel mixed-event technique , with no fragmentation bias imposed by the correction procedure on the accepted recoil jet population .	Corrected recoil jet distributions , reported in the range $ 0 & lt ; p_ { T , jet } ^ { ch } & lt ; 30 $ GeV/c , are used to measure jet yield suppression , jet energy loss , and intra-jet broadening .	The first search for QCD Moli\`ere scattering of jets in hot QCD matter at RHIC is reported .
+3	We generalize the notion of Brillouin Zones to apply to an arbitrary discrete set in a proper metric space , and show that analogs of Bieberbach 's results hold in this context .	Brillouin zones were introduced by Brillouin in the thirties to describe quantum mechanical properties of crystals , that is , in a lattice in $ \R^n $ .	They play an important role in solid-state physics .	It was shown by Bieberbach that Brillouin zones tile the underlying space and that each zone has the same area .	We then use these ideas to discuss focusing of geodesics in orbifolds of constant curvature .
+0	We study the thermodynamic stability of warped black holes in three-dimensional topologically massive gravity .	The spacelike stretched black hole is parametrized by its mass and angular momentum .	We determine the local and global stability properties in the canonical and grand canonical ensembles .	The presence of a Hawking-Page type transition is established , and the critical temperature is determined .	The thermodynamic metric of Ruppeiner is computed , and the curvature is shown to diverge in the extremal limit .
+4	This suggests that the entropy of the corresponding CFT state is related to the apparent horizon rather than the event horizon .	We analyse the global structure of time-dependent geometries dual to expanding plasmas , considering two examples : the boost invariant Bjorken flow , and the conformal soliton flow .	While the geometry dual to the Bjorken flow is constructed in a perturbation expansion at late proper time , the conformal soliton flow has an exact dual ( which corresponds to a Poincare patch of Schwarzschild-AdS ) .	In particular , we discuss the position and area of event and apparent horizons in the two geometries .	The conformal soliton geometry offers a sharp distinction between event and apparent horizon ; whereas the area of the event horizon diverges , that of the apparent horizon stays finite and constant .
+1	We give explicit examples and construct solutions that represent a shell that splits into two shells .	In this paper we show that thin shells in spherically symmetric spacetimes , whose matter content is described by a pair of non-interacting spherically symmetric matter fields , generically exhibit instability against an infinitesimal separation of its constituent fields .	Then we extend those results for 5-dimensional Schwarzschild-AdS bulk spacetimes , which is a typical scenario for brane-world models , and show that the same kind of stability analysis and splitting solution can be constructed .	We find that a widely proposed family of brane-world models are extremely unstable in this sense .	Finally , we discuss possible interpretations of these features and their relation to the initial value problem for concentrated sources .
+3	The LXe target and veto are contained in a low-radioactivity stainless steel vessel , embedded in a passive radiation shield .	The XENON100 dark matter experiment uses liquid xenon ( LXe ) in a time projection chamber ( TPC ) to search for Xe nuclear recoils resulting from the scattering of dark matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles ( WIMPs ) .	In this paper we present a detailed description of the detector design and present performance results , as established during the commissioning phase and during the first science runs .	The active target of XENON100 contains 62 kg of LXe , surrounded by an LXe veto of 99 kg , both instrumented with photomultiplier tubes ( PMTs ) operating inside the liquid or in Xe gas .	The experiment is installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso ( LNGS ) , Italy and has recently published results from a 100 live-days dark matter search .
+4	This suggests that a modest improvement in the precision of equivalence principle tests might be able to detect the effect of such a runaway dilaton .	We explore a version of the cosmological dilaton-fixing and decoupling mechanism in which the dilaton-dependence of the low-energy effective action is extremized for infinitely large values of the bare string coupling $ g_s^2 = e^ { \phi } $ .	We study the efficiency with which the dilaton $ \phi $ runs away towards its `` fixed point '' at infinity during a primordial inflationary stage , and thereby approximately decouples from matter .	The residual dilaton couplings are found to be related to the amplitude of the density fluctuations generated during inflation .	For the simplest inflationary potential , $ V ( \chi ) = { 1/2 } m_ { \chi } ^2 ( \phi ) \chi^2 $ , the residual dilaton couplings are shown to predict violations of the universality of gravitational acceleration near the $ \Delta a / a \sim 10^ { -12 } $ level .
+1	We calculate the anomalies associated with the BRST supercurrent and the ghost number supercurrent .	Based on a path integral prescription for anomaly calculation , we analyze an effective theory of the two-dimensional $ N=2 $ supergravity , i.e. , $ N=2 $ super-Liouville theory .	From those expressions of anomalies , we construct covariant BRST and ghost number supercurrents in the effective theory .	We then show that the ( super- ) coordinate BRST current algebra forms a superfield extension of the topological conformal algebra for an { \it arbitrary\/ } type of conformal matter or , in terms of the string theory , for an arbitrary number of space-time dimensions .	This fact is very contrast with $ N=0 $ and $ N=1 $ ( super- ) Liouville theory , where the topological algebra singles out a particular value of dimensions .
+2	In particular , it resembles the `` dressed particle '' approach to quantum electrodynamics .	We explore the idea that gravitational interaction can be described by instantaneous inter-particle potentials .	This idea is in full accord with relativistic quantum theory .	Although the complete non-perturbative of this theory is yet unknown , one can reasonably guess its form in low perturbation orders and in the ( 1/c ) ^2 approximation .	We suggest a relativistic energy operator , which in the classical limit reduces to the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann Hamiltonian for massive particles and correctly describes the effects of gravity on photons , including the light bending , the Shapiro delay , the gravitational time dilation and the red shift .
+2	Surprisingly , the obtained lower bounds over weak Besov bodies coincide with the minimax estimation rates over such classes .	We propose to test the homogeneity of a Poisson process observed on a finite interval .	In this framework , we first provide lower bounds for the uniform separation rates in $ \mathbb { L } ^2 $ norm over classical Besov bodies and weak Besov bodies .	Then we construct non asymptotic and nonparametric testing procedures that are adaptive in the sense that they achieve , up to a possible logarithmic factor , the optimal uniform separation rates over various Besov bodies simultaneously .	These procedures are based on model selection and thresholding methods .
+0	Conventional drop-weight techniques were modified to accommodate low-amplitude force transducer signals from low-strength , cold isostatically pressed 'heavy ' composites of polytetrafluoroethylene , aluminum and tungsten .	The failure strength , strain and the post-critical behavior of failed samples were measured for samples of different porosity and tungsten grain size .	Unusual phenomenon of significantly higher strength ( 55 MPa ) of porous composites ( density 5.9 g/cc ) with small W particles ( less than 1 micron ) in comparison with strength ( 32 MPa ) of dense composites ( 7.1 g/cc ) with larger W particles ( 44 microns ) at the same volume content of components was observed .	This is attributed to force chains created by a network of small W particles .	Interrupted tests at different levels of strain revealed the mechanisms of fracture under dynamic compression .
+1	As with the Solomon descent algebra , our algebra has a basis given by sums of `distinguished ' coset representatives for certain `reflection subgroups ' .	This paper introduces an analogue of the Solomon descent algebra for the complex reflection groups of type $ G ( r,1 , n ) $ .	We explicitly describe the structure constants with respect to this basis and show that they are polynomials in $ r $ .	This allows us to define a deformation , or $ q $ -analogue , of these algebras which depends on a parameter $ q $ .	We determine the irreducible representations of all of these algebras and give a basis for their radicals .
+0	This paper presents directional and omnidirectional RMS delay spread statistics obtained from 28 GHz and 73 GHz ultrawideband propagation measurements carried out in New York City using a 400 Megachips per second broadband sliding correlator channel sounder and highly directional steerable horn antennas .	The 28 GHz measurements did not systematically seek the optimum antenna pointing angles and resulted in 33 % outage for 39 T-R separation distances within 200 m. The 73 GHz measurements systematically found the best antenna pointing angles and resulted in 14.3 % outage for 35 T-R separation distances within 200 m , all for mobile height receivers .	Pointing the antennas to yield the strongest received power is shown to significantly reduce RMS delay spreads in line-of-sight ( LOS ) environments .	A new term , distance extension exponent ( DEE ) is defined , and used to mathematically describe the increase in coverage distance that results by combining beams from angles with the strongest received power at a given location .	These results suggest that employing directionality in millimeter-wave communications systems will reduce inter-symbol interference , improve link margin at cell edges , and enhance overall system performance .
+4	Given a stellar mass-to-light ratio based on the measured line indices of dEs , the FP offset allows us to infer that the dark matter fraction within the half light radii of dEs is on average & gt ; ~ 42 % ( uncertainties of 17 % in the K band and 20 % in the V band ) , fully consistent with an independent estimate in an earlier paper in this series .	We place our sample of 18 Virgo dwarf early-type galaxies ( dEs ) on the V-K - velocity dispersion , Faber-Jackson , and Fundamental Plane ( FP ) scaling relations for massive early-type galaxies ( Es ) .	We use a generalized velocity dispersion , which includes rotation , to be able to compare the location of both rotationally and pressure supported dEs with those of early and late-type galaxies .	We find that dEs seem to bend the Faber-Jackson relation of Es to lower velocity dispersions , being the link between Es and dwarf spheroidal galaxies ( dSphs ) .	Regarding the FP relation , we find that dEs are significantly offset with respect to massive hot stellar systems , and re-casting the FP into the so-called kappa-space suggests that this offset is related to dEs having a total mass-to-light ratio higher than Es but still significantly lower than dSph galaxies .
+2	There is therefore a need to find small planets transiting bright stars , which would enable a detailed characterisation of this population of objects .	Results from exoplanet surveys indicate that small planets ( super-Earth size and below ) are abundant in our Galaxy .	However , little is known about their interiors and atmospheres .	We present the results of a search for the transit of the Earth-mass exoplanet Alpha Centauri Bb with the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) .	We observed Alpha Centauri B twice in 2013 and 2014 for a total of 40 hours .
+0	We report on single electronic spins coupled to the motion of mechanical resonators by a novel mechanism based on crystal strain .	Our device consists of single-crystalline diamond cantilevers with embedded Nitrogen-Vacancy center spins .	Using optically detected electron spin resonance , we determine the unknown spin-strain coupling constants and demonstrate that our system resides well within the resolved sideband regime .	We realize coupling strengths exceeding ten MHz under mechanical driving and show that our system has the potential to reach strong coupling .	Our novel hybrid system forms a resource for future experiments on spin-based cantilever cooling and coherent spin-oscillator coupling .
+3	In this paper , an analysis of MAC and routing protocols for IoT is provided with focus on the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and the IETF RPL standards .	Wireless medium access control ( MAC ) and routing protocols are fundamental building blocks of the Internet of Things ( IoT ) .	As new IoT networking standards are being proposed and different existing solutions patched , evaluating the end-to-end performance of the network becomes challenging .	Specific solutions designed to be beneficial , when stacked may have detrimental effects on the overall network performance .	It is shown that existing routing metrics do not account for the complex interactions between MAC and routing , and thus novel metrics are proposed .
+4	In the consequence , in order to be written in a SU ( 2 ) amplitude form , the formula for the partition function has to be rederived .	Do the SU ( 2 ) intertwiners parametrize the space of the EPRL solutions to the simplicity constraint ?	What is a complete form of the partition function written in terms of this parametrization ?	We prove that the EPRL map is injective for n-valent vertex in case when it is a map from SO ( 3 ) into SO ( 3 ) xSO ( 3 ) representations .	We find , however , that the EPRL map is not isometric .
+2	This $ \gamma $ -ray production matrix is applied to the GeV excess in diffuse Galactic $ \gamma $ -rays observed by EGRET , and we conclude the non- $ \pi^0 $ decay components are insufficient to explain the GeV excess , although they have contributed a different spectrum from the $ \pi^0 $ -decay component .	We employ the Monte Carlo particle collision code DPMJET3.04 to determine the multiplicity spectra of various secondary particles ( in addition to $ \pi^0 $ 's ) with $ \gamma $ 's as the final decay state , that are produced in cosmic-ray ( $ p $ 's and $ \alpha $ 's ) interactions with the interstellar medium .	We derive an easy-to-use $ \gamma $ -ray production matrix for cosmic rays with energies up to about 10 PeV .	We also test the hypothesis that the TeV-band $ \gamma $ -ray emission of the shell-type SNR RX J1713.7-3946 observed with HESS is caused by hadronic cosmic rays which are accelerated by a cosmic-ray modified shock .	By the $ \chi^2 $ statistics , we find a continuously softening spectrum is strongly preferred , in contrast to expectations .
+2	Also presented is an hierarchy of approximations for the memory and random noise terms , using rational approximations in the Laplace domain .	We present a derivation of a coarse-grained model from the Langevin dynamics .	The focus is placed on the memory kernel function and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem .	These approximations offer increasing accuracy .	More importantly , they eliminate the need to evaluate the integral associated with the memory term at each time step .
+4	The special case of objects that are governed by surface tension is investigated .	In this paper we consider the effects of the interaction between droplets or other deformable objects in an emulsion under random stirring of the host fluid .	Our main interest is to obtain autocorrelation functions of the shape fluctuations in such randomly stirred host fluids , beyond the dilute limit regime .	Thus , a system of deformable objects immersed in a host liquid that is randomly stirred is considered , where the objects interact with each other via the host liquid .	Keeping expressions in the first order in the density of objects and in deviation of objects shapes from spherical , the shape of each object is expanded in spherical harmonic modes and the correlations of these modes are derived .
+1	This scenario relies on a mechanism of separation of quarks and antiquarks in two coexisting phases at the end of the cosmological QCD phase transition : ordinary hadrons ( and antihadrons ) , along with massive lumps ( and antilumps ) of novel color superconducting phase .	We propose a novel scenario to explain the observed cosmological asymmetry between matter and antimatter , based on nonperturbative QCD physics .	The latter would serve as the cosmological cold dark matter .	In certain conditions the separation of charge is C and CP asymmetric and can leave a net excess of hadrons over antihadrons in the conventional phase , even if the visible universe is globally baryon symmetric $ B = 0 $ .	In this case an equal , but negative , overall baryon charge must be hidden in the lumps of novel phase .
+3	Equivalent conditions are given for an ergodic invariant probability measure with positive Lyapunov exponent to be absolutely continuous with respect to a general conformal measure .	Ergodic properties of rational maps are studied , generalising the work of F.\ Ledrappier .	A new construction allows for simpler proofs of stronger results .	Very general conformal measures are considered .	If they hold , we can construct an induced expanding Markov map with integrable return time which generates the invariant measure .
+1	The distribution of these events as a function of the $ \gamma p $ centre of mass energy is consistent with diffractive scattering .	Events with a large rapidity gap and total transverse energy greater than 5 GeV have been observed in quasi-real photoproduction at HERA with the ZEUS detector .	For total transverse energies above 12 GeV , the hadronic final states show predominantly a two-jet structure with each jet having a transverse energy greater than 4 GeV .	For the two-jet events , little energy flow is found outside the jets .	This observation is consistent with the hard scattering of a quasi-real photon with a colourless object in the proton .
+1	Recently , Koivisto and Sood ( 2004 ) presented an algorithm that for any single edge computes its marginal posterior probability in O ( n 2^n ) time , where n is the number of attributes ; the number of parents per attribute is bounded by a constant .	We consider a Bayesian method for learning the Bayesian network structure from complete data .	In this paper we show that the posterior probabilities for all the n ( n - 1 ) potential edges can be computed in O ( n 2^n ) total time .	This result is achieved by a forward-backward technique and fast Moebius transform algorithms , which are of independent interest .	The resulting speedup by a factor of about n^2 allows us to experimentally study the statistical power of learning moderate-size networks .
+0	This work shows how two parties A and B can securely share sequences of random bits at optical speeds .	A and B possess true-random physical sources and exchange random bits by using a random sequence received to cipher the following one to be sent .	A starting shared secret key is used and the method can be described as an unlimited one-time-pad extender .	It is demonstrated that the minimum probability of error in signal determination by the eavesdropper can be set arbitrarily close to the pure guessing level .	Being based on the $ M $ -ry encryption protocol this method also allows for optical amplification without security degradation , offering practical advantages over the BB84 protocol for key distribution .
+3	In this article a general free parametric class of teleparallel models is considered .	The obstruction for the existence of an energy momentum tensor for the gravitational field is connected with differential-geometric features of the Riemannian manifold .	It has not to be valid for alternative geometrical structures .	A teleparallel manifold is defined as a parallelizable differentiable 4D-manifold endowed with a class of smooth coframe fields related by global Lorentz , i.e. , SO ( 1,3 ) transformations .	It includes a 1-parameter subclass of viable models with the Schwarzschild coframe solution .
+4	( 1999 ) as `` ticket splitting '' shows irrationality of behavior ( such as preference reversal ) from the perspective of traditional decision making theories ( Von Neumann and Morgenstern ( 1953 ) , Savage , ( 1954 ) ) .	Divided Government is nowadays a common feature of the U.S. political system .	The voters can cast partisan ballots for two political powers the executive ( Presidential elections ) and the legislative ( the Congress election ) .	Some recent studies have shown that many voters tend to shape their preferences for the political parties by choosing different parties in these two election contests .	This type of behavior referred to by Smith et al .
+0	We have carried out extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the fusion of tense apposed bilayers formed by amphiphilic molecules within the framework of a coarse grained lattice model .	The fusion pathway differs from the usual stalk mechanism .	Stalks do form between the apposed bilayers , but rather than expand radially to form an axial-symmetric hemifusion diaphragm of the trans leaves of both bilayers , they promote in their vicinity the nucleation of small holes in the bilayers .	Two subsequent paths are observed : ( i ) The stalk encircles a hole in one bilayer creating a diaphragm comprised of both leaves of the other intact bilayer , and which ruptures to complete the fusion pore .	( ii ) Before the stalk can encircle a hole in one bilayer , a second hole forms in the other bilayer , and the stalk aligns and encircles them both to complete the fusion pore .
+4	This would imply , for instance , that every wild category of modules interprets the ( undecidable ) word problem for ( semi ) groups .	We establish a number of results which say , roughly , that interpretation functors preserve algebraic complexity .	First we show that representation embeddings between categories of modules of finite-dimensional algebras induce embeddings of lattices of pp formulas and hence are non-decreasing on Krull-Gabriel dimension and uniserial dimension .	A consequence is that the category of modules of any wild finite-dimensional algebra has width $ \infty $ and hence , if the algebra is countable , there is a superdecomposable pure-injective representation .	It is conjectured that a stronger result is true : that a representation embedding from $ { \rm Mod } \mbox { - } S $ to $ { \rm Mod } \mbox { - } R $ admits an inverse interpretation functor from its image and hence that , in this case , $ { \rm Mod } \mbox { - } R $ interprets $ { \rm Mod } \mbox { - } S $ .
+0	We report on the nucleation of bubbles on solids that are gently rubbed against each other in a liquid .	The phenomenon is found to depend strongly on the material and roughness of the solid surfaces .	For a given surface , temperature , and gas content , a trail of growing bubbles is observed if the rubbing force and velocity exceed a certain threshold .	Direct observation through a transparent solid shows that each bubble in the trail results from the early coalescence of several microscopic bubbles , themselves detaching from microscopic gas pockets forming between the solids .	From a detailed study of the wear tracks , with atomic force and scanning electron microscopy imaging , we conclude that these microscopic gas pockets originate from a local fracturing of the surface asperities , possibly enhanced by chemical reactions at the freshly created surfaces .
+4	This approach allows us to analyze atomic scale charge perturbations of the DQD while accounting for the details of the complex momentum space physics of silicon ( i.e. , valley and valley-orbit physics ) .	Quantum dots are artificial atoms used for a multitude of purposes .	Charge defects are commonly present and can significantly perturb the designed energy spectrum and purpose of the dots .	Voltage controlled exchange energy in silicon double quantum dots ( DQD ) represents a system that is very sensitive to charge position and is of interest for quantum computing .	We calculate the energy spectrum of the silicon double quantum dot system using a full configuration interaction that uses tight binding single particle wavefunctions .
+0	It was shown by Gillespie ( 1974 ) that if two genotypes produce the same average number of offspring on but have a different variance associated within each generation , the genotype with a lower variance will have a higher effective fitness .	Specifically , the effective fitness is W ( effective ) =w-var/N , where w is the mean fitness , var is the variance in offspring number , and N is the total population size .	The model also predicts that if a strategy has a higher arithmetic mean fitness and a higher variance than the competitor , the outcome of selection will depend on the population size ( with larger population sizes favoring the high variance , high mean genotype ) .	This suggests that for metapopulations with large numbers of ( relatively ) small demes , a strategy with lower variance and lower mean may be favored if the migration rate is low while higher migration rates ( consistent with a larger effective population size ) favor the opposite strategy .	Individual based simulation confirms that this is indeed the case for an island model of migration , though the effect of migration differs greatly depending on whether migration precedes or follows selection .
+3	The range of masses for this object is consistent with that anticipated from Jeans-mass fragmentation and we present this as the likely formation mechanism .	We have combined multi-epoch images from the Infrared Side Port Imager on the CTIO 4-meter telescope to derive a 3-sigma limit of J=21.7 for the ultra cool brown dwarf companion to WD 0806-661 ( GJ 3483 ) .	We find that J- [ 4.5 ] & gt ; 4.95 , redder than any other brown dwarf known to date .	With theoretical evolutionary models and ages 1.5-2.7 Gyr , we estimate the brown dwarf companion to have mass & lt ; 10-13 Jupiter masses and temperature & lt ; 400 K , providing evidence that this is among the coolest brown dwarfs currently known .	However , we find that substellar companions of similar mass ( ~7-17 Jupiter masses ) are distributed over a wide range of semi-major axes , which suggests that giant planet and low-mass brown dwarf formation overlap in this mass range .
+1	The lowest mass object found is a M8.5 with an estimated mass of 0.02 Msun ( ~0.01 Msun for objects without spectroscopic confirmation ) .	By collecting optical and infrared photometry and low resolution spectroscopy , we have identified a large number of low mass stars and brown dwarf candidates belonging to the young cluster ( ~5 Myr ) associated with the binary star lambda Orionis .	For those objects with spectroscopy , the measured strength of the Halpha emission line follows a distribution similar to other clusters with the same age range , with larger equivalent widths for cooler spectral types .	Three of the brown dwarfs have Halpha emission equivalent widths of order 100 \AA , suggestive that they may have accretion disks and thus are the substellar equivalent of Classical T Tauri stars .	We have derived the Initial Mass Function for the cluster .
+0	It is widely accepted that a quasi-steady-state flux of minor bodies moving in and out of the co-orbital state with the Earth may exist .	Some of these objects are very good candidates for future in situ study due to their favourable dynamical properties .	In this paper , we show that the recently discovered near-Earth asteroids 2015 XX169 , 2015 YA and 2015 YQ1 are small transient Earth co-orbitals .	These new findings increase the tally of known Earth co-orbitals to 17 .	The three of them currently exhibit asymmetric horseshoe behaviour subjected to a Kozai resonance and their short-term orbital evolution is rather unstable .
+2	Thus the evolution turns into a problem of statistical physics .	This paper demonstrates a dynamical evolution model of the black hole ( BH ) horizon .	The result indicates that a kinetic area-cells model of the BH 's horizon can model the evolution of BH due to the Hawking radiation , and this area-cell system can be considered as an interacting geometrical particle system .	In the present work , this problem is treated in the framework of non-equilibrium statistics .	It is proposed that each area-cell possesses the energy like a microscopic black hole , and has the gravitational interaction with the other area-cells .
+0	The structure and electrical properties of a two-dimensional ( 2D ) sheet of silicon on a graphene substrate are studied using first-principles calculations .	A new corrugated rectangular structure of silicon is proposed to be the most energetically favorable structure .	The shifting of the Fermi energy level indicates self-doping .	Calculation of electron density shows a weak coupling between the silicon layer and graphene substrate .	The 2D silicon sheet turns to be metallic and has a much higher value of transmission efficiency ( TE ) than the underlying graphene substrate .
+1	Parker et al ( 2003 , 2004 ) greatly expanded the survey to determine its spatial extent and shape and the kinematics of the affected stars .	A significant asymmetry in the distribution of faint blue stars in the inner Galaxy , Quadrant 1 ( l = 20 to 45 degrees ) compared to Quadrant 4 was first reported by Larsen & amp ; Humphreys ( 1996 ) .	This excess in the star counts was subsequently confirmed by Juric et al .	( 2008 ) using SDSS data .	Possible explanations for the asymmetry include a merger remnant , a triaxial Thick Disk , and a possible interaction with the bar in the Disk .
+0	We demonstrate a new computational illumination technique that achieves large space-bandwidth-time product , for quantitative phase imaging of unstained live samples in vitro .	Microscope lenses can have either large field of view ( FOV ) or high resolution , not both .	Fourier ptychographic microscopy ( FPM ) is a new computational imaging technique that circumvents this limit by fusing information from multiple images taken with different illumination angles .	The result is a gigapixel-scale image having both wide FOV and high resolution , i.e.large space-bandwidth product ( SBP ) .	FPM has enormous potential for revolutionizing microscopy and has already found application in digital pathology .
+0	We study the pure exploration problem subject to a matroid constraint ( Best-Basis ) in a stochastic multi-armed bandit game .	In a Best-Basis instance , we are given $ n $ stochastic arms with unknown reward distributions , as well as a matroid $ \mathcal { M } $ over the arms .	Let the weight of an arm be the mean of its reward distribution .	Our goal is to identify a basis of $ \mathcal { M } $ with the maximum total weight , using as few samples as possible .	The problem is a significant generalization of the best arm identification problem and the top- $ k $ arm identification problem , which have attracted significant attentions in recent years .
+0	Thermal history of the Universe between inflation and big-bang nucleosynthesis has not yet been revealed observationally .	It will be probed by the detection of primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation , which contain information on the reheating temperature as well as the equation of state of the Universe after inflation .	Based on Fisher information formalism , we examine how accurately the tensor-to-scalar ratio and reheating temperature after inflation can be simultaneously determined with space-based gravitational wave detectors such as the DECI-hertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory ( DECIGO ) and the Big-Bang Observer ( BBO ) .	We show that the reheating temperature is best determined if it is around 10^7 GeV for tensor-to-scalar ratio of around 0.1 , and explore the detectable parameter space .	We also find that equation of state of the early Universe can be also determined accurately enough to distinguish different equation-of-state parameters if the inflationary gravitational waves are successfully detected .
+4	If relations are viewed as denotations of nondeterministic programs , it uncovers a wide variety of non-standard quantum structures in this familiar area of classical computation .	In categorical quantum mechanics , classical structures characterize the classical interfaces of quantum resources on one hand , while on the other hand giving rise to some quantum phenomena .	In the standard Hilbert space model of quantum theories , classical structures over a space correspond to its orthonormal bases .	In the present paper , we show that classical structures in the category of relations correspond to biproducts of abelian groups .	Although relations are , of course , not an interesting model of quantum computation , this result has some interesting computational interpretations .
+1	Our results include the solutions of natural generalizations of models with ordinary group symmetry : the $ UOSP ( 1/2 ) _ { k } $ WZW model with a current current perturbation , the $ UOSP ( 1/2 ) $ principal chiral model , and the $ UOSP ( 1/2 ) \otimes UOSP ( 1/2 ) /UOSP ( 1/2 ) $ coset models perturbed by the adjoint .	As a step to understand general patterns of integrability in 1+1 quantum field theories with supergroup symmetry , we study in details the case of $ OSP ( 1/2 ) $ .	Graded parafermions are also discussed .	A pattern peculiar to supergroups is the emergence of another class of models , whose simplest representative is the $ OSP ( 1/2 ) /OSP ( 0/2 ) $ sigma model , where the ( non unitary ) orthosymplectic symmetry is realized non linearly ( and can be spontaneously broken ) .	For most models , we provide an integrable lattice realization .
+3	We discuss the collision dynamics of non-Abelian vortices in the cyclic phase of a spin-2 BEC .	A rich variety of order parameter manifolds of multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates ( BECs ) admit various kinds of topological excitations , such as fractional vortices , monopoles , skyrmions , and knots .	In this paper , we discuss two topological excitations in spinor BECs : non-Abelian vortices and knots .	Unlike conventional vortices , non-Abelian vortices neither reconnect themselves nor pass through each other , but create a rung between them in a topologically stable manner .	In the latter part , we show that a knot , which is a unique topological object characterized by a linking number or a Hopf invariant [ $ \pi_3 ( S^2 ) =Z $ ] , can be created using a conventional quadrupole magnetic field in a cold atomic system .
+3	We find that if the cosmological constant lambda=0 , the extent of this suppression is quite insensitive to Omega_0 .	We generalize previous work on early photoionization to CDM models with Omega & lt ; 1 .	Such models have received recent interest because the excess power in the large-scale galaxy distribution is phenomenologically fit if the `` shape parameter '' Gamma=h Omega_0 is about 0.25 .	It has been argued that such models may require early reionization to suppress small-scale anisotropies in order to be consistent with experimental data .	Given a sigma_8-normalization today , the loss of small-scale power associated with a lower Omega_0 is partially canceled by higher optical depth from longer lookback times and by structures forming at higher redshifts before the universe becomes curvature-dominated .
+2	In this paper we give a PTAS for this problem and hence resolve the open question raised by Carragianis et al . [ AAAI'10 ] .	We consider Approval Voting systems where each voter decides on a subset to candidates he/she approves .	We focus on the optimization problem of finding the committee of fixed size k minimizing the maximal Hamming distance from a vote .	The result is obtained by adapting the techniques developed by Li et al .	[ JACM'02 ] originally used for the less constrained Closest String problem .
+1	There exists so many computer languages because of so many reasons like the evolution of better computer languages over the time ; the socio-economic factors as the proprietary interests , commercial advantages ; expressive power ; ease of use of novice ; orientation toward special purposes ; orientation toward special hardware ; and diverse ideas about most suitability .	The main purpose of this article is to describe the taxonomy of computer languages according to the levels of abstraction .	Moreover , the important common properties of most of these languages are discussed here .	No programming language is designed in a vacuity , but it solves some specific kinds of problems .	There is a different framework for each problem and best suitable framework for each problem .
+2	It will be shown that aging in glass formers is not a sufficient requirement .	In this paper we present a short survey on the concept of effective temperature , on its onset as a glass former vitrifies , on the various definitions in literature and their limits of applicability .	An exactly solvable model glass is employed to compare effective temperatures among them and to set a criterion for the occurrence of a universal extra temperature in the framework of a `` two temperature thermodynamics '' for off-equilibrium aging systems .	As an instance , memory effects typical of glasses are not compatible with a unique effective temperature .	Yet , a reduced range of applicability can still be established and investigated .
+4	We find that the use of Planck CMB maps in conjunction with the currently existing ROSAT cluster sample improves current upper limits on the bulk flow determination by a factor \sim 5 ( \sim 10 ) when using the MF ( UF ) .	We predict the performance of the Planck satellite in determining the bulk flow through kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich ( kSZ ) measurements .	As velocity tracers , we use ROSAT All-Sky Survey ( RASS ) clusters as well as expected cluster catalogs from the upcoming missions Planck and eRosita ( All-Sky Survey : EASS ) .	We implement a semi-analytical approach to simulate realistic Planck maps as well as Planck and eRosita cluster catalogs .	We adopt an unbiased kinetic SZ filter ( UF ) and matched filter ( MF ) to maximize the cluster kSZ signal to noise ratio .
+4	The possibility to observe these structures in experiments is also elucidated .	Linear and non-linear surface waves on a ferrofluid cylinder surrounding a current-carrying wire are investigated .	Suppressing the Rayleigh-Plateau instability of the fluid column by the magnetic field of a sufficiently large current in the wire axis-symmetric surface deformations are shown to propagate without dispersion in the long wavelength limit .	Using multiple scale perturbation theory the weakly non-linear regime may be described by a Korteweg-de Vries equation with coefficients depending on the magnetic field strength .	For different values for the current in the wire hence different solutions such as hump or hole solitons may be generated .
+4	Some obstructions for a homomorphism to be Kaehler are discussed .	This is partly a survey and partly a research article .	Some known results and open problems about Kaehler groups ( fundamental groups of compact Kaehler manifolds ) are discussed .	A new notion of Kaehler homomorphism is introduced .	This is a homomorphism induced by a holomorphic map between these types of manifolds .
+1	The method has been successfully applied to many diagrams in covariant and noncovariant gauge field interactions and has shown its utility as a powerful technique to handle Feynman loop integrations in quantum field theories .	NDIM ( Negative Dimensional Integration Method ) is a technique for evaluating Feynman integrals based on the concept of analytic continuation .	In principle NDIM can handle any loop calculation ; however , in practical terms , the resulting multiseries with several variables in general can not be summed up conveniently and its analytic properties are generally unknown .	The alternative then is to use order by order ( loop by loop ) integration in which the first integral is of the triangle diagram type .	However , the na\ '' { i } ve momentum integration of this leads to wrong results .
+4	We also discuss a criterion to differentiate various black hole vacua within the framework of covariant anomaly approach .	In this thesis we study some aspects of cosmology and black holes using field theoretic techniques .	In second chapter , we present Lagrangian formulation for the non-relativistic as well as relativistic generalized Chaplygin gas ( GCG ) .	In rest of the thesis we discuss alternative approaches to compute the fluxes of Hawking radiation .	These methods are based on covariant gauge/gravitational anomalies and chiral effective action .
+0	We investigate the temporal and spectral correlations between flux and anisotropy fluctuations of TeV-band cosmic rays in the light of recent data taken with IceCube .	We find that for a conventional distribution of cosmic-ray sources the dipole anisotropy is higher than observed , even if source discreteness is taken into account .	Moreover , even for a shallow distribution of galactic cosmic-ray sources and a reacceleration model , fluctuations arising from source discreteness provide a probability only of the order of 10 % that the cosmic-ray anisotropy limits of the recent IceCube analysis are met .	This probability estimate is nearly independent of the exact choice of source rate , but generous for a large halo size .	The location of the intensity maximum far from the Galactic Center is naturally reproduced .
+0	Within the proper-time renormalization group approach , the chiral phase diagram of a two-flavor quark-meson model is studied .	In the chiral limit , the location of the tricritical point which is linked to a Gaussian fixed point , is determined .	For quark chemical potentials smaller than the tricritical one the second-order phase transition belongs to the O ( 4 ) universality class .	For temperatures below the tricritical one we find initially a weak first-order phase transition which is commonly seen in model studies and also in recent lattice simulations .	In addition , below temperatures of T & lt ; ~ 17 MeV we find two phase transitions .
+2	Multiple nested grids are used in order to study both global and local features around the planet .	With a series of numerical simulations , we analyze the thermo-hydrodynamical evolution of circumstellar disks containing Jupiter-size protoplanets .	In the framework of the two-dimensional approximation , we consider an energy equation that includes viscous heating and radiative effects in a simplified , yet consistent form .	By means of different viscosity prescriptions , we investigate various temperature regimes .	A planetary mass range from 0.1 to 1 Mj is examined .
+0	The present work tackles the existence of local gauge symmetries in the setting of Algebraic Quantum Field Theory ( AQFT ) .	The net of causal loops , previously introduced by the authors , is a model independent construction of a covariant net of local C*-algebras on any 4-dimensional globally hyperbolic spacetime , aimed to capture some structural properties of any reasonable quantum gauge theory .	In fact , representations of this net can be described by causal and covariant connection systems , and the local gauge transformations arise as maps between equivalent connection systems .	The present paper completes these abstract results , realizing QED as a representation of the net of causal loops in Minkowski spacetime .	More precisely , we map the quantum electromagnetic field F { \mu } { \nu } , not free in general , into a representation of the net of causal loops and show that the corresponding connection system and local gauge transformations find a counterpart in terms of F { \mu } { \nu } .
+1	Traffic marking is an important component of this framework .	In heterogeneous networks such as today 's Internet , the differentiated services architecture promises to provide QoS guarantees through scalable service differentiation .	In this paper , we propose two new aggregate markers that are stateless , scalable and fair .	We leverage stateless Active Queue Management ( AQM ) algorithms to enable fair and efficient token distribution among individual flows of an aggregate .	The first marker , Probabilistic Aggregate Marker ( PAM ) , uses the Token Bucket burst size to probabilistically mark incoming packets to ensure TCP-friendly and proportionally fair marking .
+4	These configurations preserve an extra U ( 1 ) symmetry , in addition to the one corresponding to the R-symmetry of the dual 3d N=2 gauge theory .	We study supersymmetric probe M5-branes in the AdS_4 solution that arises from M5-branes wrapped on a hyperbolic 3-manifold M_3 .	This amounts to introducing internal defects within the framework of the 3d-3d correspondence .	The BPS condition for a probe M5-brane extending along all of AdS_4 requires it to wrap a surface embedded in an S^2-fibration over M_3 .	We find that the projection of this surface to M_3 can be either a geodesic or a tubular surface around a geodesic .
+4	The parameters of the LCDM model , derived from WMAP combined with the distance measurements from the Type Ia supernovae ( SN ) and the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations ( BAO ) , are : Omega_b=0.0456+-0.0015 , Omega_c=0.228+-0.013 , Omega_Lambda=0.726+-0.015 , H_0=70.5+-1.3 km/s/Mpc , n_s=0.960+-0.013 , tau=0.084+-0.016 , and sigma_8=0.812+-0.026 .	( Abridged ) The WMAP 5-year data strongly limit deviations from the minimal LCDM model .	We constrain the physics of inflation via Gaussianity , adiabaticity , the power spectrum shape , gravitational waves , and spatial curvature .	We also constrain the properties of dark energy , parity-violation , and neutrinos .	We detect no convincing deviations from the minimal model .
+3	In the opposite case , i.e. , for $ \alpha = 0 $ , we recover the conventional quantum mechanical picture of an overall energy-spectrum shift even when there is a nonzero minimum uncertainty in position , i.e. , for $ \beta \ne 0 $ .	We continue our previous application of supersymmetric quantum mechanical methods to eigenvalue problems in the context of some deformed canonical commutation relations leading to nonzero minimal uncertainties in position and/or momentum .	Here we determine for the first time the spectrum and the eigenvectors of a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator in the presence of a uniform electric field in terms of the deforming parameters $ \alpha $ , $ \beta $ .	We establish that whenever there is a nonzero minimal uncertainty in momentum , i.e. , for $ \alpha \ne 0 $ , the correction to the harmonic oscillator eigenvalues due to the electric field is level dependent .	Then we consider the problem of a $ D $ -dimensional harmonic oscillator in the case of isotropic nonzero minimal uncertainties in the position coordinates , depending on two parameters $ \beta $ , $ \beta ' $ .
+2	We have developed a model of the Coulomb blockade to account for this observation .	We have performed detailed photoluminescence ( PL ) and absorption spectroscopy on the same single self-assembled quantum dot in a charge-tunable device .	The transition from neutral to charged exciton in the PL occurs at a more negative voltage than the corresponding transition in absorption .	At large negative bias , the absorption broadens as a result of electron and hole tunneling .	We observe resonant features in this regime whenever the quantum dot hole level is resonant with two-dimensional hole states located at the capping layer-blocking barrier interface in our structure .
+3	For relatively large volume , non-axisymmetric bound shapes are explicitly calculated and shown to be stable .	We theoretically study the behavior of vesicles filled with a liquid of higher density than the surrounding medium , a technique frequently used in experiments .	In the presence of gravity , these vesicles sink to the bottom of the container , and eventually adhere even on non - attractive substrates .	The strong size-dependence of the gravitational energy makes large parts of the phase diagram accessible to experiments even for small density differences .	Osmotic deflation of such a vesicle leads back to axisymmetric shapes , and , finally , to a collapsed state of the vesicle .
+4	Combining these measurements , we determine the mean cosmologically induced `` stretch '' of voids in three redshift bins , with 1-sigma errors of 5-15 % .	We report on the first application of the Alcock-Paczynski test to stacked voids in spectroscopic galaxy redshift surveys.We use voids from the Sutter et al .	( 2012 ) void catalog , which was derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 main sample and luminous red galaxy catalogs .	The construction of that void catalog removes potential shape measurement bias by using a modified version of the ZOBOV algorithm and by removing voids near survey boundaries and masks .	We apply the shape-fitting procedure presented in Lavaux & amp ; Wandelt ( 2012 ) to ten void stacks out to redshift z=0.36 .
+4	Further theoretical development is needed by enlarging model space by including $ \pi 0f_ { 7/2 } $ and $ \nu 1d_ { 5/2 } $ orbitals .	In the present work we report comprehensive set of shell model calculations for arsenic isotopes .	We performed shell model calculations with two recent effective interactions JUN45 and jj44b .	The overall results for the energy levels and magnetic moments are in rather good agreement with the available experimental data .	We have also reported competition of proton- and neutron-pair breakings analysis to identify which nucleon pairs are broken to obtain the total angular momentum of the calculated states .
+0	Using high resolution N-body simulations we address the problem of emptiness of giant 20 Mpc/h diameter voids found in the distribution of bright galaxies .	Are the voids filled by dwarf galaxies ?	Do cosmological models predict too many small dark matter haloes inside the voids ?	Can the problems of cosmological models on small scales be addressed by studying the abundance of dwarf galaxies inside voids ?	We find that voids in the distribution of 10^12 Msun/h haloes ( expected galactic magnitudes ~ M_* ) are almost the same as the voids in 10^11 Msun/h haloes .
+4	In the cMSSM , light sparticles and predominantly gaugino-like dark matter with a mass of a few hundred GeV are favoured .	We present global fits of the constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( cMSSM ) and the Non-Universal Higgs Model ( NUHM ) , including the most recent CMS constraint on the Higgs boson mass , 5.8/fb integrated luminosity null Supersymmetry searches by ATLAS , the new LHCb measurement of the Bs to mu+mu- branching ratio and the 7-year WMAP dark matter relic abundance determination .	We include the latest dark matter constraints from the XENON100 experiment , marginalising over astrophysical and particle physics uncertainties .	We present Bayesian posterior and profile likelihood maps of the highest resolution available today , obtained from up to 350M points .	We find that the new constraint on the Higgs boson mass has a dramatic impact , ruling out large regions of previously favoured cMSSM and NUHM parameter space .
+3	The Cronin effect can be explained in terms of final-state interaction for both $ \pi $ and $ p $ .	Several puzzles about the data at high $ p_T $ in heavy-ion collisions are listed .	The resolution of them all is given in the framework of parton recombination .	More specifically , it is the recombination of the soft and semi-hard shower partons that enhances the region $ 3 & lt ; p_T & lt ; 9 $ GeV/c , and gives rise to the large $ p/\pi $ ratio in AuAu collisions .	The structure of jets produced in AuAu is different from that in $ pp $ collisions .
+4	This is true even far away from a possible Higgs boson resonance where the transverse intermediate vector-bosons give the dominant contribution .	An improved effective vector-boson approximation is applied to hadron-hadron collisions .	I include an approximative treatment and compare with a complete perturbative calculation for the specific example of $ ZZ $ production .	The results are also compared with existing approaches .	The effective vector-boson approximation in this form is accurate enough to reproduce the complete calculation within 10 % .
+1	Conventional ridge estimators and their properties do not follow on constraining lengths of solution vectors using LaGrange 's method , as claimed .	Anomalies persist in the foundations of ridge regression as set forth in Hoerl and Kennard ( 1970 ) and subsequently .	Estimators so constrained have singular distributions ; the proposed solutions are not necessarily minimizing ; and heretofore undiscovered bounds are exhibited for the ridge parameter .	None of the considerable literature on estimation , prediction , cross -- validation , choice of ridge parameter , and related issues , collectively known as ridge regression , is consistent with constrained optimization , nor with corresponding inequality constraints .	The problem is traced to a misapplication of LaGrange 's principle , failure to recognize the singularity of distributions , and misplaced links between constraints and the ridge parameter .
+3	Our logic extends quantifier-free Linear Integer Arithmetic with operators from Relational Algebra , like selection and cross product .	The vast quantity of data generated and captured every day has led to a pressing need for tools and processes to organize , analyze and interrelate this data .	Automated reasoning and optimization tools with inherent support for data could enable advancements in a variety of contexts , from data-backed decision making to data-intensive scientific research .	To this end , we introduce a decidable logic aimed at database analysis .	We provide a scalable decision procedure that is based on the BC ( T ) architecture for ILP Modulo Theories .
+1	We discuss the model predictions on the Gottfried sum rule for electron-nucleon scattering .	We study nucleon structure functions within the bosonized Nambu-Jona-Lasinio ( NJL ) model where the nucleon emerges as a chiral soliton .	A comparison with a low-scale parametrization shows that the model reproduces the gross features of the empirical structure functions .	We also compute the leading twist contributions of the polarized structure functions $ g_ { 1 } ( x ) $ and $ g_ { 2 } ( x ) $ in this model .	We compare the model predictions on these structure functions with data from the E143 experiment by GLAP evolving them from the scale characteristic for the NJL-model to the scale of the data .
+1	The model is pretending to describe systems of strongly correlated electrons such as high-Tc superconductivity in overdoped regime and exotic phases supporting excitations with fractionalized quantum numbers .	We study the phase structure of a three dimensional Abelian Higgs model with singly- and doubly-charged scalar fields coupled to a compact Abelian gauge field .	We identify the Fermi liquid , the spin gap , the superconductor and the strange metallic phases in which densities and properties of holon and spinon vortices and monopoles are explored .	The phase diagram in the 3D coupling space is predicted .	We show that at sufficiently strong gauge coupling the spinon-pair and holon condensation transitions merge together and become , unexpectedly , first order .
+2	The source has shown prominent IDV as well as long-term flux variations .	We aim to search for evidence of annual modulation in the time scales of the BL Lac object S5 0716+714 .	The intra-day variability ( IDV ) observations were carried out monthly from 2005 to 2009 , with the Urumqi 25m radio telescope at 4.8 GHz .	The IDV time scale does show evidence in favor of an annual modulation , suggesting that the IDV of 0716+714 is dominated by interstellar scintillation .	The source underwent a strong outburst phase between mid-2008 and mid-2009 ; a second intense flare was observed in late 2009 , but no correlation between the total flux density and the IDV time scale is found , implying that the flaring state of the source does not have serious implications for the general characteristics of its intra-day variability .
+3	If this is the case , then analogs to the HVCs should be visible in other groups .	Models of hierarchical galaxy formation predict that large numbers of low-mass , dark matter halos remain around galaxies today .	These models predict an order of magnitude more halos than observed stellar satellites in the Local Group .	One possible solution to this discrepancy is that the high-velocity clouds ( HVCs ) around the Milky Way may be associated with the excess dark matter halos and be the gaseous remnants of the galaxy formation process .	In this paper , we review the observations of HI clouds lacking stars around other galaxies and in groups and present early results from our HI survey of loose groups analogous to the Local Group and its implications for the nature of HVCs and galaxy formation .
+4	The value of \dot P , here measured for the first time , is \approx 10^ { -14 } s/s .	We present a combined analysis of XMM-Newton , Chandra and Rosat observations of the isolated neutron star RXJ0720.4-3125 , spanning a total period of \sim 7 years .	We develop a maximum likelihood periodogramme for our analysis based on the \Delta C-statistic and the maximum likelihood method , which are appropriate for the treatment of sparse event lists .	Our results have been checked `` a posteriori '' by folding a further BeppoSAX dataset with the period predicted at the time of that observation : the phase is found to be consistent .	The study of the spin history and the measure of the spin-down rate is of extreme importance in discriminating between the possible mechanisms suggested for the nature of the X-ray emission .
+3	This sample defines a comprehensive local galaxy sample which we will use in future papers to study low redshift morphology .	We present a catalog of detailed visual classifications for 14034 galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) Data Release 4 ( DR4 ) .	Our sample includes nearly all spectroscopically-targeted galaxies in the redshift range 0.01 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.1 down to an apparent extinction-corrected limit of g & lt ; 16 mag .	In addition to T-Types we record the existence of bars , rings , lenses , tails , warps , dust lanes , arm flocculence and multiplicity .	It will also prove useful for calibrating automated galaxy classification algorithms .
+1	In sub-100 nm junctions produced using a nanostencil process a bistable state with two distinct resistance values is observed .	Current induced magnetization dynamics in asymmetric Cu/Co/Cu single magnetic layer nanopillars has been studied experimentally at room temperature and in low magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the thin film plane .	Current sweeps at fixed applied fields reveal hysteretic and abrupt transitions between these two resistance states .	The current induced resistance change is 0.5 % , a factor of 5 greater than the anisotropic magnetoresistance ( AMR ) effect .	We present an experimentally obtained low field phase diagram of current induced magnetization dynamics in single ferromagnetic layer pillar junctions .
+0	In this paper , we consider the numerical solution of the one-dimensional Schr\ '' odinger equation with a periodic lattice potential and a random external potential .	This is an important model in solid state physics where the randomness is involved to describe some complicated phenomena that are not exactly known .	Here we generalize the Bloch decomposition-based time-splitting pseudospectral method to the stochastic setting using the generalize polynomial chaos with a Galerkin procedure so that the main effects of dispersion and periodic potential are still computed together .	We prove that our method is unconditionally stable and numerical examples show that it has other nice properties and is more efficient than the traditional method .	Finally , we give some numerical evidence for the well-known phenomenon of Anderson localization .
+2	We then demonstrate its applications in an interference channel with a confidential message .	It is known that given the real sum of two independent uniformly distributed lattice points from the same nested lattice codebook , the eavesdropper can obtain at most 1 bit of information per channel regarding the value of one of the lattice points .	In this work , we study the effect of this 1 bit information on the equivocation expressed in three commonly used information theoretic measures , i.e. , the Shannon entropy , the Renyi entropy and the min entropy .	In our previous work , we showed that nested lattice codes can outperform Gaussian codes for this channel when the achieved rate is measured with the weak secrecy notion .	Here , with the Renyi entropy and the min entropy measure , we prove that the same secure degree of freedom is achievable with the strong secrecy notion as well .
+4	We estimate the prevalence of the response variable .	Respondent-driven sampling ( RDS ) is a procedure to sample from hard-to-reach populations .	It has been widely used in several countries , especially in the monitoring of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections .	Hard-to-reach populations have had a key role in the dynamics of such epidemics and must inform evidence-based initiatives aiming to curb their spread .	In this paper , we present a simple test for network dependence for a binary response variable .
+1	We obtain the relic abundance , thermal cross section , the WIMP-nucleon cross section in the low mass regime and network them with the branching ratios of the Higgs boson in the model .	Motivated by the upcoming Higgs analyzes we investigate the importance of the complementarity of the Higgs boson chase on the low mass WIMP search in direct detection experiments and the gamma-ray emission from the Galactic Center measured by the Fermi-LAT telescope in the context of the $ SU ( 3 ) _c\otimes SU ( 3 ) _L\otimes U ( 1 ) _N $ .	We conclude that the Higgs boson search has a profound connection to the dark matter problem in our model , in particular for the case that ( $ M_ { WIMP } & lt ; 60 $ GeV ) the BR ( $ H \rightarrow 2 $ WIMPs ) $ \gtrsim 90 % $ .	This scenario could explain this plateau of any mild excess regarding the Higgs search as well as explain the gamma-ray emission from the galactic center through the $ b\bar { b } $ channel with a WIMP in the mass range of 25-45 GeV , while still being consistent with the current limits from XENON100 and CDMSII .	However , if the recent modest excesses measured at LHC and TEVATRON are confirmed and consistent with a standard model Higgs boson this would imply that $ M_ { WIMP } & gt ; 60 $ GeV , consequently ruling out any attempt to explain the Fermi-LAT observations .
+2	The study of sunspot rotation and the mechanisms driving this motion are therefore key to our understanding of how the solar atmosphere attains the conditions necessary for large energy release.Aims .	Context .	Solar eruptions and high flare activity often accompany the rapid rotation of sunspots .	We aim to demonstrate and investigate the rotation of sunspots in a 3D numerical experiment of the emergence of a magnetic flux tube as it rises through the solar interior and emerges into the atmosphere .	Furthermore , we seek to show that the sub-photospheric twist stored in the interior is injected into the solar atmosphere by means of a definitive rotation of the sunspots.Methods .
+3	The pipeline developed has been made available to the research community with the goal of enabling better text analysis of Hindi English CSMT .	In this study , the problem of shallow parsing of Hindi-English code-mixed social media text ( CSMT ) has been addressed .	We have annotated the data , developed a language identifier , a normalizer , a part-of-speech tagger and a shallow parser .	To the best of our knowledge , we are the first to attempt shallow parsing on CSMT .	The pipeline is accessible at http : //bit.ly/csmt-parser-api .
+2	The long wavelength part of the spectrum contains a strong contribution from the starburst-heated cool dust ; this is used to effectively separate starburst-dominated Seyferts from those dominated by the active nuclear continuum .	An analysis of archival mid-infrared ( mid-IR ) spectra of Seyfert galaxies from the Spitzer Space Telescope observations is presented .	We characterize the nature of the mid-IR active nuclear continuum by subtracting a template starburst spectrum from the Seyfert spectra .	Within the latter category , the strength of the active nuclear continuum drops rapidly beyond ~ 20 micron .	On average , type 2 Seyferts have weaker short-wavelength active nuclear continua as compared to type 1 Seyferts .
+2	This function increases as a power that is the order of 1/2 for small volumes , but then increases more slowly for large volumes .	We study the average price impact of a single trade executed in the NYSE .	After appropriate averaging and rescaling , the data for the 1000 most highly capitalized stocks collapse onto a single function , giving average price shift as a function of trade size .	We obtain similar results in each year from the period 1995 - 1998 .	We also find that small volume liquidity scales as a power of the stock capitalization .
+2	The gains of the reconfigured control laws are selected first by employing a geometric approach where a set of controllers guarantees that the output of the faulty agent imitates that of the healthy agent and the consensus achievement objectives are satisfied .	In this work , an $ H_ { \infty } $ performance fault recovery control problem for a team of multi-agent systems that is subject to actuator faults is studied .	Our main objective is to design a distributed control reconfiguration strategy such that a ) in absence of disturbances the state consensus errors either remain bounded or converge to zero asymptotically , b ) in presence of actuator fault the output of the faulty system behaves exactly the same as that of the healthy system , and c ) the specified $ H_ { \infty } $ performance bound is guaranteed to be minimized in presence of bounded energy disturbances .	Next , the remaining degrees of freedom in the selection of the control law gains are used to minimize the bound on a specified $ H_ { \infty } $ performance index .	The effects of uncertainties and imperfections in the FDI module decision in correctly estimating the fault severity as well as delays in invoking the reconfigured control laws are investigated and a bound on the maximum tolerable estimation uncertainties and time delays are obtained .
+4	It turns out that there are only three symmetries corresponding to x-translations , t- translations and to a scaling of t , x , u and v , and four conservation laws , one of which is associated to the conservation of energy , the second conserved quantity is just the Hamiltonian functional and the other two are Casimir functionals of the Hamiltonian operator admitted by our system .	In 2003 , A.J.Majda and J.A .	Biello derived and studied the so-called reduced equations for equatorial baroclinic-barotropic waves , to which we refer as to the Majda-Biello system .	The equations in question describe the nonlinear interaction of long-wavelength equatorial Rossby waves and barotropic Rossby waves with a significant midlatitude projection in the presence of suitable horizontally and vertically sheared zonal mean flows .	Below we present a Hamiltonian structure for Majda-Biello system and describe all generalized symmetries and conservation laws for the latter .
+0	The analytic theory presented in Paper I is converted into a form convenient for numerical analysis .	A fast and accurate code has been written using this numerical formulation .	The results are presented by first defining a reference set of physical parameters based on experimental data from high performance discharges .	Numerically obtained scaling relations of maximum achievable elongation versus inverse aspect ratio are obtained for various values of poloidal beta , wall radius and feedback capability parameter in ranges near the reference values .	It is also shown that each value of maximum elongation occurs at a corresponding value of optimized triangularity , whose scaling is also determined as a function of inverse aspect ratio .
+0	In this note , we prove that all cop-win graphs G in the game in which the robber and the cop move at different speeds s and s ' with s ' & lt ; s , are \delta-hyperbolic with \delta=O ( s^2 ) .	We also show that the dependency between \delta and s is linear if s-s'=\Omega ( s ) and G obeys a slightly stronger condition .	This solves an open question from the paper ( J. Chalopin et al. , Cop and robber games when the robber can hide and ride , SIAM J. Discr.Math .	25 ( 2011 ) 333-359 ) .	Since any \delta-hyperbolic graph is cop-win for s=2r and s'=r+2\delta for any r & gt ; 0 , this establishes a new - game-theoretical - characterization of Gromov hyperbolicity .
+2	Because these searches are very computationally intensive , they have been deployed on the Einstein @ Home distributed computing project infrastructure .	This paper presents results of an all-sky searches for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range [ 50 , 1190 ] Hz and with frequency derivative ranges of [ -2 x 10^-9 , 1.1 x 10^-10 ] Hz/s for the fifth LIGO science run ( S5 ) .	The novelty of the search lies in the use of a non-coherent technique based on the Hough-transform to combine the information from coherent searches on timescales of about one day .	The search presented here is about a factor 3 more sensitive than the previous Einstein @ Home search in early S5 LIGO data .	The post-processing has left us with eight surviving candidates .
+3	However , the Luttinger liquid state does not preclude coherent interchain hopping .	We calculate the exact Green function of a special model of N coupled Luttinger chains with arbitrary interchain hopping t_ { perp } .	The model is exactly solvable via bosonization if the interchain interaction does not fall off in the direction perpendicular to the chains .	For any finite N we find Luttinger liquid behavior and explicitly calculate the anomalous dimension gamma^ ( N ) .	We also show that gamma^ ( N ) - & gt ; 0 for N - & gt ; infinity , so that in the limit of infinitely many chains we obtain a Fermi liquid .
+3	Both Raman and X-ray data confirm that the most important structural effect of pressure is that of reducing the octahedral distortion .	The pressure effects on the JT distortion of three representative compounds belonging to the LaMn_1-xGa_xO_3 ( x= 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4 ) family was widely investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy .	A compound with a fully JT distorted structure ( x=0.2 ) , one with regular octahedra ( x=0.6 ) and one in an intermediate configuration ( x=0.3 ) were selected .	A pressure induced transitions from the orthorhombic Pbnm phase towards structures with higher symmetry were observed in all the samples .	The appearance of a feature in the lattice parameter behavior connected to a structural instability was also detected , pointing out the key role of the JT distortion in stabilizing the manganite structures .
+2	We note that the Bragg reflector of the fiber acts as an efficient mode stripper for the wavelengths near the edge of the fiber bandgap , which makes the sensor extremely sensitive to bending or displacements at these wavelengths .	We demonstrate an amplitude-based micro-displacement sensor that uses a plastic photonic bandgap Bragg fiber with one end coated with a silver layer .	The reflection intensity of the Bragg fiber is characterized in response to different displacements ( or bending curvatures ) .	Besides , by comparison of the Bragg fiber sensor to a sensor based on a regular multimode fiber with similar outer diameter and length , we find that the Bragg fiber sensor is more sensitive to bending due to presence of mode stripper in the form of the multilayer reflector .	Experimental results show that the minimum detection limit of the Bragg fiber sensor can be smaller than 5 um for displacement sensing .
+4	The key difficulty in doing so is assigning appropriate degrees of freedom to the estimated factors to obtain unbiased error variance estimators and enable valid hypothesis testing .	In the AGEMAP genomics study , researchers were interested in detecting genes related to age in a variety of tissue types .	After not finding many age-related genes in some of the analyzed tissue types , the study was criticized for having low power .	It is possible that the low power is due to the presence of important unmeasured variables , and indeed we find that a latent factor model appears to explain substantial variability not captured by measured covariates .	We propose including the estimated latent factors in a multiple regression model .
+3	Beros showed that for any Polish group G , every K-sigma subgroup of G is compactly generated iff every countable subgroup of G is compactly generated .	In his PhD Thesis Konstantinos Beros proved a number of results about compactly generated subgroups of Polish groups .	Such a group is K-sigma - the countable union of compact sets .	He notes that the group of rationals under addition with the discrete topology is an example of a Polish group which is K-sigma ( since it is countable ) but not compactly generated .	Beros showed that any K-sigma subgroup of Z^omega ( infinite product of the integers ) is compactly generated and more generally , for any Polish group G , if every countable subgroup of G is finitely generated , then every countable subgroup of G^omega is compactly generated .
+2	The tracker readout electronics limit the number of strips that can be read out .	The Fermi Large Area Telescope ( LAT ) consists of 16 towers , each incorporating a tracker made up of a stack of 18 pairs of orthogonal silicon strip detectors ( SSDs ) , interspersed with tungsten converter foils .	The strip numbers of the struck strips in each SSD plane are collected by two read controllers ( RCs ) , one at each end , and nine RCs are connected by one of eight cables to a cable controller ( CC ) .	Although each RC can store up to 64 hits , a CC can store maximum of only 128 hits .	To insure that the photon shower development and backsplash in the lower layers of the tracker do n't compromise the readout of the upper layers , we artificially limit the number of strips read out into each RC to 14 , so that no CC can ever can see more than 126 hit strips .
+2	We obtain analytically the scaling form of the distribution of the position $ x ( t ) $ of a particle , the probability of it not returning to the origin and the distributions of first passage times , in an infinite sample as well as in the presence of a boundary and in a finite size sample .	Sinai 's model of diffusion in one-dimension with random local bias is studied by a real space renormalization group which yields exact results at long times .	The effects of an additional small uniform bias force are also studied .	We compute the distribution of meeting time of two particles .	We also obtain a detailed analytic description of thermally averaged trajectories : we compute the distributions of the number of returns and of the number of jumps forward .
+3	We give a closed formula for the total number of 1-ascents in all dispersed Dyck paths of length n , A191386 in Sloane 's OEIS .	A dispersed Dyck path ( DDP ) of length n is a lattice path on $ N\times N $ from ( 0,0 ) to ( n,0 ) in which the following steps are allowed : `` up '' ( x , y ) $ \to $ ( x+1 , y+1 ) ; `` down '' ( x , y ) $ \to $ ( x+1 , y-1 ) ; and `` right '' ( x,0 ) $ \to $ ( x+1,0 ) .	An ascent in a DDP is an inclusion-wise maximal sequence of consecutive up steps .	A 1-ascent is an ascent consisting of exactly 1 up step .	Previously , only implicit generating function relations and asymptotics were known .
+2	In the close-in HZ , type-I migration and the orbital decay induced by eccentricity damping are efficient according to the high disk gas density in the small orbital radii .	We have investigated planetary accretion from planetesimals in terrestrial planet regions inside the ice line around M dwarf stars through N-body simulations including tidal interactions with disk gas .	Because of low luminosity of M dwarfs , habitable zones ( HZs ) are located in inner regions .	In the case of full efficiency of type-I migration predicted by the linear theory , we found that protoplanets that migrate to the vicinity of the host star undergo close scatterings and collisions , and 4 to 6 planets eventually remain in mutual mean motion resonances and their orbits have small eccentricities and they are stable both before and after disk gas decays .	In the case of slow migration , the resonant capture is so efficient that densely-packed ~ 40 small protoplanets remain in mutual mean motion resonances .
+4	This method is simple and can be easily implemented numerically .	We present a general approach to the pricing of products in finance and insurance in the multi-period setting .	It is a combination of the utility indifference pricing and optimal intertemporal risk allocation .	We give a characterization of the optimal intertemporal risk allocation by a first order condition .	Applying this result to the exponential utility function , we obtain an essentially new type of premium calculation method for a popular type of multi-period insurance contract .
+4	Finally , a time development of the squeeze parameter for the posterior squeezed coherent state has been found .	The time evolution of a squeezed coherent state conditioned by the results of a single and double heterodyne measurement is discussed .	The mean values of quadratures as well as the dynamics of quadrature uncertainties have been obtained within the framework of the theory of continuous measurements based on filtration equations .	It has been found that while the mean values depend on the measured noise , the uncertainties in the optical quadratures are deterministic .	Explicit solutions for the latter have been provided .
+3	The example of the three-dimensional Heisenberg model with trapped disorder is considered .	An analytical approach , which develops the gauge model of the glass transition phenomenon , is suggested .	It is based on the quantum field theory and critical dynamics methods .	The suggested mechanism of glass transition is based on the interaction of the local magnetization field with the massive gauge field , which describes frustration-induced plastic deformation .	It is shown that the glass transition appears when the fluctuations scale reaches the frustrations scale , and the mass of the gauge field becomes equal to zero .
+1	The properties are : functoriality , homotopy , and triviality .	We translate some fundamental properties satisfied by topological principal bundles into the setting of Hopf-Galois extensions .	The main new concept of the paper is the homotopy equivalence of Hopf-Galois extensions .	We work in the particular case where the subalgebra of coinvariants is central but without any restriction on the Hopf algebras coacting on the quantum principal bundle .	We examine in detail the case when the Hopf algebra is one of Sweedler or Taft 's finite-dimensional Hopf algebras .
+2	The first is a natural generalization of single-valued averaged mappings to expansive , set-valued mappings that characterizes a type of strong calmness of the fixed point mapping .	We develop a framework for local quantitative convergence analysis of Picard iterations of expansive set-valued fixed point mappings .	There are two key components of the analysis .	The second component to this analysis is an extension of the well-established notion of metric subregularity -- or inverse calmness -- of the mapping at fixed points , what we simply call metric regularity on a semi-pointwise set in the graph of the mapping .	To demonstrate the application of the theory , we prove for the first time a number of results showing local linear convergence of cyclic projections for ( possibly ) inconsistent feasibility problems , local linear convergence of the forward-backward algorithm for structured optimization without convexity , strong or otherwise , and local linear convergence of the Douglas -- Rachford algorithm for structured nonconvex minimization .
+2	To reveal the hidden structure in them , we apply two unsupervised learning algorithms , PCA and ICA , to the outputs of a deep Convolutional Neural Network trained on the ImageNet of 1000 classes .	The outputs of a trained neural network contain much richer information than just an one-hot classifier .	For example , a neural network might give an image of a dog the probability of one in a million of being a cat but it is still much larger than the probability of being a car .	The PCA/ICA embedding of the object classes reveals their visual similarity and the PCA/ICA components can be interpreted as common visual features shared by similar object classes .	For an application , we proposed a new zero-shot learning method , in which the visual features learned by PCA/ICA are employed .
+0	We have observed the middle-aged pulsar PSR B0656+14 with the prism and the NUV MAMA detector of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph ( STIS ) to measure the pulsar spectrum and periodic pulsations in the near-ultraviolet ( NUV ) .	The pulsations are clearly detected , double-peaked and very similar to the optical pulse profile .	The NUV pulsed fraction is 70 +/- 12 % .	The spectral slope of the dereddened phase-integrated spectrum in the 1800 - 3200 A range is 0.35 +/- 0.5 which together with the high pulse fraction indicates a non-thermal origin for the NUV emission .	The total flux in the range 1700-3400 A is estimated to be 3.4 +/- 0.3e-15 erg/s/cm2 when corrected for E ( B-V ) =0.03 .
+0	Chromatin looping is a major epigenetic regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes .	Besides its role in transcriptional regulation , chromatin loops have been proposed to play a pivotal role in the segregation of entire chromosomes .	The detailed topological and entropic forces between loops still remain elusive .	Here , we quantitatively determine the potential of mean force between the centers of mass of two ring polymers , i.e.loops .	We find that the transition from a linear to a ring polymer induces a strong increase in the entropic repulsion between these two polymers .
+2	Each agent 's objective is to maximize , within the items chosen for inclusion in the knapsack , the total valuation of her own chosen items .	We consider a selfish variant of the knapsack problem .	In our version , the items are owned by agents , and each agent can misrepresent the set of items she owns -- -either by avoiding reporting some of them ( understating ) , or by reporting additional ones that do not exist ( overstating ) .	The knapsack problem , in this context , seeks to minimize the worst-case approximation ratio for social welfare at equilibrium .	We show that a randomized greedy mechanism has attractive strategic properties : in general , it has a correlated price of anarchy of $ 2 $ ( subject to a mild assumption ) .
+1	The line was observed towards M82 simultaneously with the 3P1-3P0 line at 492 GHz , providing a precise measurement of the J=2-1/J=1-0 integrated line ratio of 0.96 ( on a [ K km s^-1 ] -scale ) .	We report the first extragalactic detection of the neutral carbon [ CI ] 3P2-3P1 fine structure line at 809 GHz .	This ratio constrains the [ CI ] emitting gas to have a temperature of at least 50 K and a density of at least 10^4 cm^-3 .	Already at this minimum temperature and density , the beam averaged CI-column density is large , 2.1 10^18 cm^-2 , confirming the high CI/CO abundance ratio of approximately 0.5 estimated earlier from the 492 GHz line alone .	We argue that the [ CI ] emission from M82 most likely arises in clouds of linear size around a few pc with a density of about 10^4 cm^-3 or slightly higher and temperatures of 50 K up to about 100 K .
+3	We also explicitly verify the conservation of the total angular momentum and energy of the system , prolate plus satellite , while the intrinsic rotational angular momentum and energy of the prolate changes with time at the expense of the orbital energy and angular momentum of the sphere .	We develop a theoretical framework for the calculation of orbits for a system consisting of a spherical object and a non-spherical body , which is then specialized to a prolate ellipsoid .	Particular trajectories are presented that illustrate a drastic contrast between the familiar elliptical orbits of spherical binary systems and the trajectories around the prolate spheroid .	We also show here , and in a media video representation of the computed orbits , how the spherical satellite instantaneous orbital plane and eccentricity evolve .	We then consider a particular orbit where an initially bound satellite gains sufficient orbital energy and eventually escapes , with its total energy now positive .
+3	Moreover , the degeneracy of the string state reproduces the parametric dependence of the entropy in the supergravity description .	We construct excited states of fundamental strings that admit a semiclassical description as rotating circular loops of string .	We identify them with the supergravity solutions for rotating dipole rings .	The identification involves a precise match of the mass , radius and angular momentum of the two systems .	When the solutions possess two macroscopic angular momenta , they are better described as toroidal configurations ( tubular loops ) instead of loops of string .
+4	The groupings are constructed such that the degree of relationship is strong among members of the same cluster and weak among members of different clusters .	Clustering is one of the widely used data mining techniques for medical diagnosis .	Clustering can be considered as the most important unsupervised learning technique .	Most of the clustering methods group data based on distance and few methods cluster data based on similarity .	The clustering algorithms classify gene expression data into clusters and the functionally related genes are grouped together in an efficient manner .
+2	For Th ( $ ^3 $ P $ _0 $ ) , we study electronic inelastic processes and find no quenching even after $ 10^6 $ collisions .	We measure inelastic collisional cross sections for the ground $ ^3 $ F $ _2 $ state and the excited $ ^3 $ P $ _0 $ state of atomic thorium in cold collisions with $ ^3 $ He .	We determine for Th ( $ ^3 $ F $ _2 $ ) at 800 mK the ratio $ \gamma \approx 500 $ of the momentum-transfer to Zeeman relaxation cross sections for collisions with $ ^3 $ He .	We also determine the radiative lifetime of Th ( $ ^3 $ P $ _0 $ ) to be $ \tau & gt ; 130 $ ms .	This great stability of the metastable state opens up the possibility for further study , including trapping .
+4	We give the explicit form of the twisted Cardy states which are associated with the non-trivial automorphisms .	We construct Cardy states in the Kazama-Suzuki model G/H x U ( 1 ) , which satisfy the boundary condition twisted by the automorphisms of the coset theory .	We classify all the automorphisms of G/H x U ( 1 ) induced from those of the G theory .	The automorphism group contains at least a Z_2 as a subgroup corresponding to the charge conjugation .	We show that in several models there exist extra elements other than the charge conjugation and that the automorphism group can be larger than Z_2 .
+1	We find several relations for the individual GRB pulses between the spectral lag and other observables , such as the luminosity , pulse duration , and peak energy ( Epeak ) .	Using a pulse-fit method , we investigate the spectral lags between the traditional gamma-ray band ( 50-400 keV ) and the X-ray band ( 6-25 keV ) for 8 GRBs with known redshifts ( GRB 010921 , GRB 020124 , GRB 020127 , GRB 021211 , GRB 030528 , GRB 040924 , GRB 041006 , GRB 050408 ) detected with the WXM and FREGATE instruments aboard the HETE-2 satellite .	The obtained results are consistent with those for BATSE , indicating that the BATSE correlations are still valid at lower energies ( 6-25 keV ) .	Furthermore , we find that the photon energy dependence for the spectral lags can reconcile the simple curvature effect model .	We discuss the implication of these results from various points of view .
+4	The simulations show that a range of triangular islands and pits evolve in competition with one another .	Surface reconstructions on the polar ZnO ( 0001 ) surface are investigated using empirical potential models .	Several possible reconstructions based around triangular motifs are investigated .	The quenching of the dipole moment in the material dominates the energetics of the surface patterns so that no one particular size of surface triangular island or pit is strongly favoured .	We employ Monte Carlo simulations to explore which patterns emerge from a high temperature quench and during deposition of additional ZnO monolayers .
+2	These fluctuations turn out to be $ O ( \hbar^ { 1/2 } ) $ in the small $ \hbar $ ( high energy ) limit .	We study the fluctuations that are predicted in the autocorrelation function of an energy eigenstate of a chaotic , two-dimensional billiard by the conjecture ( due to Berry ) that the eigenfunction is a gaussian random variable .	We find an explicit formula for the root-mean-square amplitude of the expected fluctuations in the autocorrelation function .	For comparison , any corrections due to scars from isolated periodic orbits would also be $ O ( \hbar^ { 1/2 } ) $ .	The fluctuations take on a particularly simple form if the autocorrelation function is averaged over the direction of the separation vector .
+2	Recently such scheme has been discussed by Lin et al .	In some cases , the original signer may delegate its signing power to a specified proxy group while ensuring individual accountability of each participantsigner .	The proxy signature scheme that achieves such purpose is called the multi-proxy signature scheme and the signature generated by the specified proxy group is called multi-proxy signature for the original signer .	Lins scheme is based on partial delegation by Mambo et al .	In present chapter we introduce a new multi-proxy signature scheme , which requires less computational overhead in comparison to Lin et al , and also fulfill the requirement of partial delegation with warrant simultaneously .
+4	We then provide details for the AMS measurement of 7Be and 10Be following the sequence BeO- - & gt ; Be2+ - & gt ; Be4+ in the Xian- AMS .	The 10Be/7Be ratio is a sensitive tracer for the study of atmospheric transport , particularly with regard to stratosphere-troposphere exchange .	Measurements with high accuracy and efficiency are crucial to 7Be and 10Be tracer studies .	This article describes sample preparation procedures and analytical benchmarks for 7Be and 10Be measurements at the Xian Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ( Xian-AMS ) laboratory for the study of rainwater samples .	We describe a sample preparation procedure to fabricate beryllium oxide ( BeO ) AMS targets that includes co-precipitation , anion exchange column separation and purification .
+0	An assignment of colours to the vertices of a graph is stable if any two vertices of the same colour have identically coloured neighbourhoods .	The goal of colour refinement is to find a stable colouring that uses a minimum number of colours .	This is a widely used subroutine for graph isomorphism testing algorithms , since any automorphism needs to be colour preserving .	We give an $ O ( ( m+n ) \log n ) $ algorithm for finding a canonical version of such a stable colouring , on graphs with $ n $ vertices and $ m $ edges .	We show that no faster algorithm is possible , under some modest assumptions about the type of algorithm , which captures all known colour refinement algorithms .
+4	In addition , we extend the work of Y. Steinberg ( 2005 ) , in which the ( degraded ) broadcast channel extension of the Gel'fand-Pinsker model was studied .	In this paper , we study the finite blocklength limits of state-dependent discrete memoryless channels where the discrete memoryless state is known noncausally at the encoder .	For the point-to-point case , this is known as the Gel'fand-Pinsker channel model .	We define the ( n , \epsilon ) -capacity of the Gel'fand-Pinsker channel as the maximal rate of transmission of a message subject to the condition that the length of the block-code is n and the average error probability is no larger than \epsilon .	This paper provides a lower bound for the ( n , \epsilon ) -capacity of the Gel'fand-Pinsker channel model , and hence an upper bound on the dispersion , a fundamental second-order quantity in the study of the performance limits of discrete memoryless channels .
+2	We describe a parallel implementation for the algorithm , using Charm++ FEM framework , and demonstrate its efficiency .	We study the effect of fluid flow on three-dimensional ( 3D ) dendrite growth using a phase-field model on an adaptive finite element grid .	In order to simulate 3D fluid flow , we use an averaging method for the flow problem coupled to the phase-field method and the Semi-Implicit Approximated Projection Method ( SIAPM ) .	We introduce an improved method for extracting dendrite tip position and tip radius , facilitating accurate comparison to theory .	We benchmark our results for two-dimensional ( 2D ) dendrite growth with solvability theory and previous results , finding them to be in good agreement .
+2	The companion paper analyses the situation in physics , especially limiting relations between physical theories .	This is one of two papers about emergence , reduction and supervenience .	It expounds these notions and analyses the general relations between them .	I shall take emergence as behaviour that is novel and robust relative to some comparison class .	I shall take reduction as deduction using appropriate auxiliary definitions .
+3	For the considered model , and many radar tasks in general , sparsity of targets within the considered angle-range-Doppler domain is a natural assumption .	We analyze a multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO ) radar model and provide recovery results for a compressed sensing ( CS ) approach .	In MIMO radar different pulses are emitted by several transmitters and the echoes are recorded at several receiver nodes .	Under reasonable assumptions the transformation from emitted pulses to the received echoes can approximately be regarded as linear .	Therefore , it is possible to apply methods from CS in order to reconstruct the parameters of the targets .
+0	The massive black holes in most faint active galactic nuclei ( AGNs ) and even normal galaxies are still accreting gases , though their accretion rates are very low .	Radiatively inefficient accretion flows ( RIAFs ) are supposed in these faint sources , which should radiate mostly in the hard X-ray band .	We calculate the contribution to the X-ray background from both the bright AGNs and the RIAFs in faint AGNs/normal galaxies .	Our calculations show that both the observed intensity and spectral shape of the XRB with an energy peak at ~30 $ keV can be well reproduced without including the emission of Compton-thick AGNs , if the massive black holes in faint AGNs/normal galaxies are spinning rapidly with a~0.9 and accreting at rates ~1.0-3.0\times 10^ { -4 } .	It indicates that less than ~5 per cent of local massive black hole mass density was accreted during radiatively inefficient accretion phases , which is obviously only an upper limit , because Compton-thick AGNs have not been considered .
+3	We also show that the main features of the SES and LDOS can be explained in terms of the underlying classical dynamics , in particular of certain periodic orbits .	We investigate the properties of eigenstates and local density of states ( LDOS ) for a periodic 2D rippled billiard , focusing on their quantum-classical correspondence in energy representation .	To construct the classical counterparts of LDOS and the structure of eigenstates ( SES ) , the effects of the boundary are first incorporated ( via a canonical transformation ) into an effective potential , rendering the one-particle motion in the 2D rippled billiard equivalent to that of two-interacting particles in 1D geometry .	We show that classical counterparts of SES and LDOS in the case of strong chaotic motion reveal quite a good correspondence with the quantum quantities .	On the other hand , statistical properties of eigenstates and LDOS turn out to be different from those prescribed by random matrix theory .
+1	First , it is assumed that the CSI is fed back to all nodes after a finite delay ( delayed CSIT ) , and furthermore , the transmitters operate in full-duplex mode , i.e. , they can transmit and receive simultaneously .	The Gaussian $ K $ -user interference and $ M\times K $ X channels are investigated with no instantaneous channel state information ( CSI ) at transmitters .	Achievable results are obtained on the degrees of freedom ( DoF ) of these channels under the above assumption .	It is observed that , in contrast with no CSIT and full CSIT models , when CSIT is delayed , the achievable DoFs for both channels with full-duplex transmitter cooperation are greater than the best available achievable results on their DoF without transmitter cooperation .	Our results are the first to show that the full-duplex transmitter cooperation can potentially improve the channel DoF with delayed CSIT .
+2	Here W denotes the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy , z is the fraction of the incident photon energy carried by the meson and p_T is the transverse momentum of the meson with respect to the beam axis .	The cross sections for inelastic photoproduction of J/psi and psi^prime mesons have been measured in ep collisions with the ZEUS detector at HERA , using an integrated luminosity of 468 pb-1 collected in the period 1996 -- 2007 .	The psi^prime to J/psi cross section ratio was measured in the range 0.55 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.9 and 60 & lt ; W & lt ; 190 GeV as a function of W , z and p_T .	The J/psi cross sections were measured for 0.1 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.9 , 60 & lt ; W & lt ; 240 GeV and p_T & gt ; 1 GeV .	Theoretical predictions within the non-relativistic QCD framework including NLO colour -- singlet and colour -- octet contributions were compared to the data , as were predictions based on the k_T -- factorisation approach .
+3	Critically , we show that our method does not require the user to be a nanophotonic expert or to perform any manual tuning .	In contrast to designing nanophotonic devices by tuning a handful of device parameters , we have developed a computational method which utilizes the full parameter space to design linear nanophotonic devices .	We show that our method may indeed be capable of designing any linear nanophotonic device by demonstrating designed structures which are fully three-dimensional and multi-modal , exhibit novel functionality , have very compact footprints , exhibit high efficiency , and are manufacturable .	In addition , we also demonstrate the ability to produce structures which are strongly robust to wavelength and temperature shift , as well as fabrication error .	Instead , we are able to design devices solely based on the users desired performance specification for the device .
+1	Changes in temperature , causing the merging and splitting of metastable states , have non trivial effects on such networks and must be taken into account .	In systems characterized by a rough potential energy landscape , local energetic minima and saddles define a network of metastable states whose topology strongly influences the dynamics .	We do this by means of a recently proposed renormalization procedure .	This method is applied to analyze the topology of the network of metastable states for different polypeptidic sequences in a minimalistic polymer model .	A smaller spectral dimension emerges as a hallmark of stability of the global energy minimum and highlights a non-obvious link between dynamic and thermodynamic properties .
+2	Fitting varying-coefficient models or mixture models can be appropriate solutions but are computationally very demanding and often return more information than necessary .	Large-scale data are often characterized by some degree of inhomogeneity as data are either recorded in different time regimes or taken from multiple sources .	We look at regression models and the effect of randomly changing coefficients , where the change is either smoothly in time or some other dimension or even without any such structure .	If we just ask for a model estimator that shows good predictive properties for all regimes of the data , then we are aiming for a simple linear model that is reliable for all possible subsets of the data .	We propose the concept of `` maximin effects '' and a suitable estimator and look at its prediction accuracy from a theoretical point of view in a mixture model with known or unknown group structure .
+3	Using spectroscopic and photometric data , we deconvolve the photometry of the three stars , and find that the primary star in the eclipsing binary is significantly hotter than the turnoff .	We have discovered that the star S986 in the old open cluster M67 has detectable total eclipses of depth 0.08 mag for the primary eclipse and 0.011 mag for the secondary eclipse ( in I only ) .	We confirm the detection of a third star in spectra contributing 11.5 % +/- 1.5 % of the total light in V band .	The radial velocity of the third star indicates that it is a cluster member , but it is unclear whether it is physically associated with the eclipsing binary .	The two most likely explanations are that the primary star is in a rapid phase of evolution near core hydrogen exhaustion ( associated with the turnoff gap in M67 's color-magnitude diagram ) , or that it is a blue straggler created during a stellar collision earlier in the cluster 's history .
+1	We use a two qubit spin-1/2 system , one for the data qubit and one for the ancilla ( programme ) qubit .	In this paper a programmable quantum state discriminator is implemented by using nuclear magnetic resonance .	This device does the unambiguous ( error free ) discrimination of pair of states of the data qubit that are symmetrically located about a fixed state .	The device is used to discriminate both , linearly polarized states and elliptically polarized states .	The maximum probability of the successful discrimination is achieved by suitably preparing the ancilla qubit .
+4	We also study the confinement/deconfinement transition of the gauge theory .	We consider a black hole solution whose spatial boundary is a squashed three sphere in Einstein gravity with negative cosmological constant .	We solve the Einstein equations numerically and find a warped AdS black hole solution with arbitrary squashing parameter .	This solution becomes the ordinary AdS-Schwarzschild solution when the squashing parameter is chosen appropriately .	Motivated by this fact , we study N=4 super Yang-Mills theory with zero coupling constant on a squashed three sphere and show that the thermodynamical entropy of this theory roughly agrees with that of the warped AdS black hole up to a factor of 3/4 .
+4	In a sequel , we use a generalization of the Schwarz lemma due to Yau to study the injectivity radius of surfaces with bounded curvature .	Through the Schwarz lemma , we provide a new point of view on three well-known results of the geometry of hyperbolic surfaces .	The first result deal with the length of closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces with boundary ( Thurston , Parlier , Papadopoulos-Th\'eret ) .	The two others give sharp lower bounds on two metric invariants : the length of the shortest non simple closed geodesic , and the radius of the biggest embedded hyperbolic disk ( Yamada ) .	We also discuss a question of Papadopoulos and Th\'eret about the length of arcs on surfaces with boundary .
+4	In passing , some related inequalities and ( logarithmically ) complete monotonicity results concerning the gamma , psi and polygamma functions are surveyed .	The main aim of this paper is to prove that the double inequality \frac { ( k-1 ) ! } { \Bigl\ { x+\Bigl [ \frac { ( k-1 ) !	} { |\psi^ { ( k ) } ( 1 ) | } \Bigr ] ^ { 1/k } \Bigr\ } ^k } +\frac { k ! } { x^ { k+1 } } & lt ; \bigl|\psi^ { ( k ) } ( x ) \bigr| & lt ; \frac { ( k-1 ) ! } { \bigl ( x+\frac12\bigr ) ^k } +\frac { k !	} { x^ { k+1 } } holds for $ x & gt ; 0 $ and $ k\in\mathbb { N } $ and that the constants $ \Bigl [ \frac { ( k-1 ) !	} { |\psi^ { ( k ) } ( 1 ) | } \Bigr ] ^ { 1/k } $ and $ \frac12 $ are the best possible .
+2	The non-perturbative long-distance matrix elements are evaluated using operator evolution equations .	The semi-inclusive B-meson decay into spin-singlet D-wave $ 2^ { -+ } $ charmonium , $ B\to \eta_ { c2 } +X $ , is studied in nonrelativistic QCD ( NRQCD ) .	Both color-singlet and color-octet contributions are calculated at next-to-leading order ( NLO ) in the strong coupling constant $ \alpha_s $ .	It is found that the color-singlet $ ^1D_2 $ contribution is tiny , while the color-octet channels make dominant contributions .	The estimated branching ratio $ B ( B\to \eta_ { c2 } +X ) $ is about $ 0.41\ , \times10^ { -4 } $ in the Naive Dimensional Regularization ( NDR ) scheme and $ 1.24\ , \times10^ { -4 } $ in the t'Hooft-Veltman ( HV ) scheme , with renormalization scale $ \mu=m_b=4.8 $ \ , GeV .
+3	For soft ( hard ) on-site potentials the allowed frequencies of the in-phase ( out-of-phase ) localised periodic solutions lie below ( above ) the lower ( upper ) value of the linear spectrum of phonon frequencies .	We prove the existence of exponentially localised and time-periodic solutions in general nonlinear Hamiltonian lattice systems .	Like normal modes , these localised solutions are characterised by collective oscillations at the lattice sites with a uniform time-dependence .	The proof of existence uses the comparison principle for differential equations to demonstrate that at each lattice site every half of the fundamental period of oscillations , contributing to localised solutions of the nonlinear lattice , is sandwiched between two oscillatory states of auxiliary linear equations .	By varying a control parameter the exponential decay of the localised states can be tuned continuously .
+4	This value exceeds manyfold the known luminescence enhancement by plasmonic planar metamaterials .	We propose a simple design of all-dielectric silicon-based planar metamaterial manifested an extremely sharp resonant reflection and transmission in the wavelength of about 1550 nm due to both low dissipative losses and involving a trapped mode operating method .	The quality factor of the resonance exceeds in tens times the quality factor of resonances in known plasmonic structures .	The designed metamaterial is envisioned for aggregating with a pumped active medium to achieve an enhancement of luminescence and to produce an all-dielectric analog of a `` lasing spaser '' .	We report that an essential enhancement ( more than 500 times ) of luminescence of layer contained pumped quantum dots may be achieved by using the designed metamaterial .
+4	However , the linearization algorithms obtained are the result of an inventive process , and the proof of correctness comes as an afterthought .	Linearization is the procedure of rewriting a process term into a linear form , which consist only of basic operators of the process language .	This procedure is interesting both from a theoretical and a practical point of view .	In particular , a linearization algorithm is needed for the Compositional Interchange Format ( CIF ) , an automaton based modeling language .	The problem of devising efficient linearization algorithms is not trivial , and has been already addressed in literature .
+1	As the position of the well is varied , the ground state undergoes jumps , called shocks or static avalanches .	We study the energy minimization problem for an elastic interface in a random potential plus a quadratic well .	We introduce an efficient and systematic method to compute the statistics of avalanche sizes and manifold displacements .	The tree-level calculation , i.e.mean-field limit , is obtained by solving a saddle-point equation .	Graphically , it can be interpreted as a the sum of all tree graphs .
+2	A natural suggestion is : maybe there is no fundamental reason why exactly 4 dimensions should remain , maybe when we go to even larger scales , some of the 4 dimensions will be compactified as well ?	According to modern quantum physics , at the microlevel , the dimension of space-time is at least 11 ; we only observe 4 dimensions because the others are compactified : the size along each of the other dimensions is much smaller than the macroscale .	There is no universally accepted explanation of why exactly 4 dimensions remain at the microscopic level .	In this paper , we explore the consequences of the compactification suggestion , and we show that -- on the qualitative level -- these consequences have actually been already observed : as superclusters and as evidence that is usually interpreted as justifying dark matter .	Thus , we get a new possible explanation of both superclusters and dark matter evidence -- via dimension compactification .
+2	These paths were first encountered in bioinformatics , in the analysis of similarity search algorithms .	Let a and b be two positive integers .	A culminating path is a path of Z^2 that starts from ( 0,0 ) , consists of steps ( 1 , a ) and ( 1 , -b ) , stays above the x-axis and ends at the highest ordinate it ever reaches .	They are also related to certain models of Lorentzian gravity in theoretical physics .	We first show that the language on a two letter alphabet that naturally encodes culminating paths is not context-free .
+2	Both scenarios predict smaller cores for higher mass systems , in conflict with observations ; some cores must instead have a dynamical origin .	We explore observed dynamical trends in a wide range of dark matter dominated systems ( about seven orders of magnitude in mass ) to constrain hypothetical dark matter candidates and scenarios of structure formation .	First , we argue that neither generic warm dark matter ( collisionless or collisional ) nor self-interacting dark matter can be responsible for the observed cores on all scales .	Second , we show that the core phase space densities of dwarf spheroidals , rotating dwarf and low surface brightness galaxies , and clusters of galaxies decrease with increasing velocity dispersion like Q ~ sigma^-3 ~ M^-1 , as predicted by a simple scaling argument based on merging equilibrium systems , over a range of about eight orders of magnitude in Q .	We discuss the processes which set the overall normalization of the observed phase density hierarchy .
+1	The associated evolution of curvature appears to be like a heat equation on graphs , but it can be shown to not satisfy the maximum principle .	This article studies a discrete geometric structure on triangulated manifolds and an associated curvature flow ( combinatorial Yamabe flow ) .	The notion of a parabolic-like operator is introduced as an operator which satisfies the maximum principle , but may not be parabolic in the usual sense of operators on graphs .	A maximum principle is derived for the curvature of combinatorial Yamabe flow under certain assumptions on the triangulation , and hence the heat operator is shown to be parabolic-like .	The maximum principle then allows a characterization of the curvature as well was a proof of long term existence of the flow .
+1	If quantized after reduction to true degrees of freedom , it leads to a time-independent Schr\ '' odinger equation .	We explore the problem of time in quantum gravity in a point-particle analogue model of scale-invariant gravity .	As with the Wheeler -- DeWitt equation , time disappears , and a frozen formalism that gives a static wavefunction on the space of possible shapes of the system is obtained .	However , if one follows the Dirac procedure and quantizes by imposing constraints , the potential that ensures scale invariance gives rise to a conformal anomaly , and the scale invariance is broken .	A behaviour closely analogous to renormalization-group ( RG ) flow results .
+2	In 1997 , it was proved that a single forbidden connected subgraph $ R $ in 2-connected graphs can create only a trivial class of hamiltonian graphs ( complete graphs ) with $ R=P_3 $ .	In 1974 , Goodman and Hedetniemi proved that every 2-connected $ ( K_ { 1,3 } , K_ { 1,3 } +e ) $ -free graph is hamiltonian .	This result gave rise many other hamiltonicity conditions for various pairs and triples of forbidden connected subgraphs under additional connectivity conditions .	In this paper we prove that a single forbidden subgraph $ R $ can create a non trivial class of hamiltonian graphs if $ R $ is disconnected : $ ( \ast1 ) $ every $ ( K_1\cup P_2 ) $ -free graph either is hamiltonian or belongs to a well defined class of non hamiltonian graphs ; $ ( \ast2 ) $ every 1-tough $ ( K_1\cup P_3 ) $ -free graph is hamiltonian .	We conjecure that every 1-tough $ ( K_1\cup P_4 ) $ -free graph is hamiltonian and every 1-tough $ P_4 $ -free graph is hamiltonian
+4	This phenomenology is illustrated by a realistic molecular dynamics simulation of strained Al ( 110 ) .	We investigate the effects of strain on a crystal surface close to the bulk melting temperature T_m , where surface melting usually sets in .	Strain lowers the bulk melting point , so that at a fixed temperature below but close to T_m the thickness of the quasi-liquid film is expected to grow with strain , irrespective of sign .	In addition , a strain-induced solid surface free energy increase/decrease takes place , favoring/disfavoring surface melting depending on the sign of strain relative to surface stress .	In the latter case one can produce a strain-induced prewetting transition , where for increasing temperature the liquid film suddenly jumps from zero to a finite thickness .
+0	Recent deep blank field submillimeter surveys have revealed a population of luminous high redshift galaxies that emit most of their energy in the submillimeter .	The results suggest that much of the star formation at high redshift may be hidden to optical observations .	In this paper we present wide-area 850-micron SCUBA data on the Hawaii Survey Fields SSA13 , SSA17 , and SSA22 .	Combining these new data with our previous deep field data , we establish the 850-micron galaxy counts from 2 mJy to 10 mJy with a & gt ; 3-sigma detection limit .	The area coverage is 104 square arcmin to 8 mJy and 7.7 square arcmin to 2.3 mJy .
+0	The pressure dependence of the resistivity and structure of La0.60Y0.07Ca0.33MnO3 has been explored in the pressure range from 1 atm to ~7 GPa .	The metal to insulator transition temperature ( TMI ) was found to reach a maximum and the resistivity achieves a minimum at ~3.8 GPa .	Beyond this pressure , TMI is reduced with a concomitant increase in the resistivity .	Structural measurements at room temperature show that at low pressure ( below 2 GPa ) the Mn-O bond lengths are compressed .	Between ~2 and ~4 GPa , a pressure induced enhancement of the Jahn-Teller ( JT ) distortion occurs in parallel with an increase in Mn-O1-Mn bond angle to ~180 ( degree ) .
+1	The spin polarized phase , we have found , has stronger correlation with respect to the unpolarized phase .	We have employed the constrained variational method to study the influence of spin polarization on the ground state properties of liquid $ ^3 { \rm He } $ .	It is shown that the internal energy of liquid $ ^3 { \rm He } $ increases by increasing polarization with no crossing point between polarized and unpolarized energy curves over the liquid density range .	The obtained internal energy curves show a bound state , even in the case of fully spin polarized matter .	We have also investigated the validity of using a parabolic formula for calculating the energy of spin polarized liquid $ ^3 { \rm He } $ .
+3	After this test , we measure the scale lengths of exponential profile for the LAHs estimated from our z=2.2-6.6 LAE samples of L ( Lyman-alpha ) & gt ; 2 x 10^42 erg s^-1 .	We present diffuse Lyman-alpha halos ( LAHs ) identified in the composite Subaru narrowband images of 100-3600 Lyman-alpha emitters ( LAEs ) at z=2.2 , 3.1 , 3.7 , 5.7 , and 6.6 .	First , we carefully examine potential artifacts mimicking LAHs that include a large-scale point-spread function ( PSF ) made by instrumental and atmospheric effects .	Based on our critical test with composite images of non-LAE samples whose narrowband-magnitude and source-size distributions are the same as our LAE samples , we confirm that no artifacts can produce a diffuse extended feature similar to our LAHs .	We obtain the scale lengths of ~ 5-10 kpc at z=2.2-5.7 , and find no evolution of scale lengths in this redshift range beyond our measurement uncertainties .
+1	For positive integers $ n $ and $ k $ , the expression $ aw ( [ n ] , k ) $ denotes the smallest number of colors with which the integers $ \ { 1 , \ldots , n\ } $ can be colored and still guarantee there is a rainbow arithmetic progression of length $ k $ .	In this paper , we investigate the anti-Ramsey ( more precisely , anti-van der Waerden ) properties of arithmetic progressions .	We establish that $ aw ( [ n ] ,3 ) =\Theta ( \log n ) $ and $ aw ( [ n ] , k ) =n^ { 1-o ( 1 ) } $ for $ k\geq 4 $ .	For positive integers $ n $ and $ k $ , the expression $ aw ( Z_n , k ) $ denotes the smallest number of colors with which elements of the cyclic group of order $ n $ can be colored and still guarantee there is a rainbow arithmetic progression of length $ k $ .	In this setting , arithmetic progressions can `` wrap around , '' and $ aw ( Z_n,3 ) $ behaves quite differently from $ aw ( [ n ] ,3 ) $ , depending on the divisibility of $ n $ .
+0	The electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon characterize the effect of its internal structure on its response to an electromagnetic probe as studied in elastic electron-nucleon scattering .	These form factors are functions of the squared four-momentum transfer $ Q^2 $ between the electron and the proton .	The two main classes of observables of this reaction are the scattering cross section and polarization asymmetries , both of which are sensitive to the form factors in different ways .	When considering large momentum transfers , double-polarization observables offer superior sensitivity to the electric form factor .	This thesis reports the results of a new measurement of the ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton at high momentum transfer using the recoil polarization technique .
+0	We analyze the monopole in the peculiar velocities of 44 Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) to test for a local void .	The sample extends from 20 to 300 Mpc/h , with distances , deduced from light-curve shapes , accurate to ~6 % .	Assuming Omega_m=1 and Omega_lambda=0 , the most significant deviation we find from the Hubble law is an outwards flow of ( 6.6+/-2.2 ) % inside a sphere of radius 70 Mpc/h as would be produced by a void of ~20 % underdensity surrounded by a dense shell .	This shell roughly coincides with the local Great Walls .	Monte Carlo analyses , using Gaussian errors or bootstrap resampling , show the probability for chance occurrence of this result out of a pure Hubble flow to be ~2 % .
+4	A stationary degrader positioned downstream with respect to the target was used to further reduce the velocity of the excited nuclei .	A novel method for picosecond lifetime measurements of excited gamma-ray emitting nuclear states has been developed for fast beams from fragmentation reactions .	A test measurement was carried out with a beam of 124Xe at an energy of ~55 MeV/u .	The beam ions were Coulomb excited to the first 2+ state on a movable target .	Excited nuclei emerged from the target and decayed in flight after a distance related to the lifetime .
+4	In our model the division to the blue and red shifted components is caused by the postshock flow of the primary wind on the two sides of the equatorial plane after it collides with the WBE .	We argue that the asymmetric morphology of the blue and red shifted components of the outflow at hundreds of AU from the massive binary system Eta Carinae can be understood from the collision of the primary stellar wind with the slowly expanding dense equatorial gas .	Recent high spatial observations of some forbidden lines , e.g . [ Fe III ] lambda4659 , reveal the outflowing gas within about one arcsecond ( 2300 AU ) from Eta Car .	The distribution of the blue and red shifted components are not symmetric about the center , and they are quite different from each other .	The morphologies of the blue and red shifted components correlate with the location of dense slowly moving equatorial gas ( termed the Weigelt blob environment ; WBE ) , that is thought to have been ejected during the 1887 - 1895 Lesser Eruption .
+1	The 'hidden order ' is identified as an incommensurate , momentum-carrying hybridization between the light hole band and the heavy electron band .	A phenomenological model for the 'hidden order ' transition in the heavy Fermion material URu $ _2 $ Si $ _2 $ is introduced .	This modulated hybridization appears after a Fano hybridization at higher temperatures takes place .	We focus on the hybridization wave as the order parameter in URu $ _2 $ Si $ _2 $ and possibly other materials with similar band structures .	The model is qualitatively consistent with numerous experimental results obtained from e.g.neutron scattering and scanning tunneling microscopy .
+0	Local and global gravitational effects induced by eternal vacuum domain walls are studied .	We concentrate on thin walls between non-equal and non-positive cosmological constants on each side of the wall .	These vacuum domain walls fall in three classes depending on the value of their energy density $ \sigma $ : ( 1 ) \ extreme walls with $ \sigma = \sigma_ { { \text { ext } } } $ are planar , static walls corresponding to supersymmetric configurations , ( 2 ) \ non-extreme walls with $ \sigma = \sigma_ { { \text { non } } } & gt ; \sigma_ { { \text { ext } } } $ correspond to expanding bubbles with observers on either side of the wall being { \em inside\/ } the bubble , and ( 3 ) \ ultra-extreme walls with $ \sigma = \sigma_ { { \text { ultra } } } & lt ; \sigma_ { { \text { ext } } } $ represent the bubbles of false vacuum decay .	On the sides with less negative cosmological constant , the extreme , non-extreme , and ultra-extreme walls exhibit no , repulsive , and attractive effective `` gravitational forces , '' respectively .	These `` gravitational forces '' are global effects not caused by local curvature .
+4	Our findings are consistent with the $ \Lambda $ CDM model with the latest WMAP best fit cosmological parameters .	We derive estimates for the cosmological bulk flow from the SFI++ Tully-Fisher ( TF ) catalog .	For a sphere of radius $ 40 \hmpc $ centered on the MW , we derive a bulk flow of $ 333 \pm 38\kms $ towards Galactic $ ( l , b ) = ( 276^\circ,14^\circ ) $ within a $ 3^\circ $ $ 1\sigma $ error .	Within a $ 100\hmpc $ we get $ 257\pm 44\kms $ towards $ ( l , b ) = ( 279^\circ , 10^\circ ) $ within a $ 6^\circ $ error .	These directions are at a $ 40^\circ $ with the Supergalactic plane , close to the apex of the motion of the Local Group of galaxies after the Virgocentric infall correction .
+1	This source has the highest flux observed from any AGN in the SPI bandpass ( 23 keV -- 8 MeV ) .	We revisit the average hard X-ray spectrum from the AGN of Centaurus A ( Cen A ) using ten years worth of observations with INTEGRAL SPI .	The 10 year lightcurve of Cen A is presented , and hardness ratios confirm that the spectral shape changes very little despite the luminosity varying by a factor of a few .	Primarily , we establish the presence of a reflection component in the average spectrum by demonstrating an excess between 20-60 keV , from extending the spectral shape observed at low energy to the SPI regime .	The excess in Chandra HETGS and INTEGRAL SPI data is well described by reflection of the dominant power law spectrum from a neutral , optically-thick atmosphere .
+4	The energy spectrum is found to be a singular continuous , so-called the Cantor set with zero Lebesque measure .	We numerically study energy spectra and localization properties of the double exchange model at irrational filling factor .	To obtain variational ground state , we use a mumerical technique in momentum space by `` embedded '' boundary condition which has no finite size effect a priori .	Although the Hamiltonian has translation invariance , the ground state spontaneously exhibits a self-similarity .	Scaling and multi-fractal analysis for the wave functions are performed and the scaling indices $ \alpha $ 's are obtained .
+2	Thus the local environment of a cloud influences its internal structure .	In a new simple model I reconcile two contradictory views on the factors that determine the rate at which molecular clouds form stars -- internal structure vs. external , environmental influences -- providing a unified picture for the regulation of star formation in galaxies .	In the presence of external pressure , the pressure gradient set up within a self-gravitating isothermal cloud leads to a non-uniform density distribution .	In the simple equilibrium model , the fraction of gas at high density in the cloud interior is determined simply by the cloud surface density , which is itself inherited from the pressure in the immediate surroundings .	This idea is tested using measurements of the properties of local clouds , which are found to show remarkable agreement with the simple equilibrium model .
+3	Using the pump built-in Hamiltonian , we can calculate nonlinear responses ( responses to probe beams as a function of the pump beam ) by applying the { \em linear } response theory .	We propose a new method of calculating nonlinear optical responses of interacting electronic systems .	In this method , the total Hamiltonian ( system + system-pump interaction ) is transformed into a different form that ( apparently ) does not have a system-pump interaction .	The transformed Hamiltonian , which we call the pump built-in Hamiltonian , has parameters that depend on the strength of the pump beam .	We demonstrate the basic idea of this new method by applying it to a one-dimensional , two-band model , in the case the pump excitation is virtual ( coherent excitation ) .
+1	Lower and upper approximations are two core concepts of rough sets .	Rough sets are efficient for data pre-process in data mining .	This paper studies generalized rough sets based on symmetric and transitive relations from the operator-oriented view by matroidal approaches .	We firstly construct a matroidal structure of generalized rough sets based on symmetric and transitive relations , and provide an approach to study the matroid induced by a symmetric and transitive relation .	Secondly , this paper establishes a close relationship between matroids and generalized rough sets .
+2	The constraints on annihilation into b/b-bar is within an order of magnitude of the thermal cross section at ~3 TeV , while the tau^+/tau^- channel is within a factor of ~2 of thermal .	We examine the constraints on models of weakly interacting massive particle ( WIMP ) dark matter from the recent observations of the Galactic center by the High Energy Spectroscopic System ( HESS ) telescope .	We analyze canonical WIMP annihilation into Standard Model particle final states , including b/b-bar , t/t-bar and W^+ W^- .	We also study constraints on Sommerfeld-enhanced dark matter annihilation models , and find that the gamma-ray observational constraints here rule out all of the parameter space consistent with dark matter annihilation interpretations of PAMELA and the Fermi-LAT e^+/e^- spectrum , in specific classes of models , and strongly constrains these interpretations in other classes .	The gamma-ray constraints we find are more constraining on these models , in many cases , than current relic density , cosmic microwave background , halo shape and naturalness constraints .
+3	Predictions allows us to check the efficiency of transit surveys ( `` are we detecting all that we should ? '' )	Observing extrasolar planetary transits is one of the only ways that we may infer the masses and radii of planets outside the Solar System .	As such , the detections made by photometric transit surveys are one of the only foreseeable ways that the areas of planetary interiors , system dynamics , migration , and formation will acquire more data .	Predicting the yields of these surveys therefore serves as a useful statistical tool .	and to test our understanding of the relevant astrophysics ( `` what parameters affect predictions ? '' ) .
+1	The previously best known algorithm by McDermid has the same approximation ratio but runs in $ O ( n^ { 3/2 } m ) $ time , where $ n $ denotes the number of people and $ m $ is the total length of the preference lists in a given instance .	We give a 3/2-approximation algorithm for stable matchings that runs in $ O ( m ) $ time .	Also the algorithm and the analysis are much simpler .	We also give the extension of the algorithm for the many-to-many setting .	( This is the version of the paper from March 2011 )
+1	New IRAM 30m HERA CO ( 2-1 ) data of NGC 4501 and NGC 4567/68 are presented .	The cluster environment can affect galaxy evolution in different ways : via ram pressure stripping or by gravitational perturbations caused by galactic encounters .	We find an increase in the molecular fraction where the ISM is compressed .	The gas is close to self-gravitation in compressed regions .	This leads to an increase in gas pressure and a decrease in the ratio between the molecular fraction and total ISM pressure .
+4	After applying these two approaches to the ordered micropolar theory of Lhuiller and Rey , all the results are eventually extended to flowing complex fluids , such as nematic liquid crystals .	There are two competing descriptions of nematic liquid crystal dynamics : the Ericksen-Leslie director theory and the Eringen micropolar approach .	Up to this day , these two descriptions have remained distinct in spite of several attempts to show that the micropolar theory comprises the director theory .	In this paper we show that this is the case by using symmetry reduction techniques and introducing a new system that is equivalent to the Ericksen-Leslie equations and includes disclination dynamics .	The resulting equations of motion are verified to be completely equivalent , although one of the two different reductions offers the possibility of accounting for orientational defects .
+4	These works have led to the emergence of P2P data sharing systems that represent a new generation of P2P systems and , on the other hand , a next stage in a long period of the database research area . ?	Sharing musical files via the Internet was the essential motivation of early P2P systems .	Despite of the great success of the P2P file sharing systems , these systems support only `` simple '' queries .	The focus in such systems is how to carry out an efficient query routing in order to find the nodes storing a desired file .	Recently , several research works have been made to extend P2P systems to be able to share data having a fine granularity ( i.e.atomic attribute ) and to process queries written with a highly expressive language ( i.e.SQL ) .
+0	The photometric and spectroscopic properties of 26 well observed Type Ia Supernovae ( SNeIa ) were analyzed with the aim to explore SNIa diversity .	The sample includes ( Branch- ) normal SNe as well as extreme events like SNe 1991T and 1991bg , while the truly peculiar SNIa , SN2000cx and SN2002cx are not included in our sample .	A statistical treatment reveals the existence of three different groups .	The first group ( FAINT ) consists of faint SNeIa similar to SN1991bg , with low expansion velocities and rapid evolution of SiII velocity .	A second group consists of `` normal '' SNeIa , also with high temporal velocity gradient ( HVG ) , but with brighter mean absolute magnitude & lt ; M_B & gt ; =-19.3 and higher expansion velocities than the FAINT SNe .
+3	However , we show that it does not suffer from the problems that have plagued similar modal interpretations like macroscopic superpositions and rapid flipping between macroscopically distinct states .	We introduce a new and conceptually simple interpretation of quantum mechanics based on reduced density matrices of sub-systems from which the standard Copenhagen interpretation emerges as an effective description of macroscopically large systems .	Wave function collapse is seen to be a useful but fundamentally unnecessary piece of prudent book keeping which is only valid for macro-systems .	The new interpretation lies in a class of modal interpretations in that it applies to quantum systems that interact with a much larger environment .	We describe how the interpretation fits neatly together with fully quantum formulations of statistical mechanics and that a measurement process can be viewed as a process of ergodicity breaking analogous to a phase transition .
+1	Spanning is proved via a new straightening algorithm for expanding elements of the representation into this basis .	We produce a new basis for the Schur and Weyl modules associated to a row-convex shape , D. The basis is indexed by new class of `` straight '' tableaux which we introduce by weakening the usual requirements for standard tableaux .	For skew shapes , this algorithm specializes to the classical straightening law .	The new straight basis is used to produce bases for flagged Schur and Weyl modules , to provide Groebner and sagbi bases for the homogeneous coordinate rings of some configuration varieties and to produce a flagged branching rule for row-convex representations .	Systematic use of supersymmetric letterplace techniques enables the representation theoretic results to be applied to representations of the general linear Lie superalgebra as well as to the general linear group .
+3	Unlike traditional logics such as first-order logic and simple type theory , Chiron admits undefined terms that result , for example , from a function applied to an argument outside its domain or from an improper definite or indefinite description .	Chiron is a derivative of von-Neumann-Bernays-G\ '' odel ( NBG ) set theory that is intended to be a practical , general-purpose logic for mechanizing mathematics .	Unlike traditional set theories such as Zermelo-Fraenkel ( ZF ) and NBG , Chiron is equipped with a type system , lambda notation , and definite and indefinite description .	The type system includes a universal type , dependent types , dependent function types , subtypes , and possibly empty types .	The most noteworthy part of Chiron is its facility for reasoning about the syntax of expressions .
+0	Multiple terrestrial and space-based telescopes have been proposed for detecting and tracking near-Earth objects ( NEOs ) .	Detailed simulations of the search performance of these systems have used complex computer codes that are not widely available , which hinders accurate cross-comparison of the proposals and obscures whether they have consistent assumptions .	Moreover , some proposed instruments would survey infrared ( IR ) bands , whereas others would operate in the visible band , and differences among asteroid thermal and visible light models used in the simulations further complicate like-to-like comparisons .	I use simple physical principles to estimate basic performance metrics for the ground-based Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and three space-based instruments - Sentinel , NEOCam , and a Cubesat constellation .	The performance is measured against two different NEO distributions , the Bottke et al .
+2	For Pd/Cu , compressive strain is released by networks of misfit dislocations running in the [ 100 ] and [ 010 ] directions , which appear after a few monolayers already .	We present experimental and theoretical studies of Pd/Cu ( 100 ) and Cu/Pd ( 100 ) heterostructures in order to explore their structure and misfit strain relaxation .	Ultrathin Pd and Cu films are grown by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature .	In striking contrast , for Cu/Pd the tensile overlayer remains coherent up to about 9 ML , after which multilayer growth occurs .	The strong asymmetry between tensile and compressive cases is in contradiction with continuum elasticity theory , and is also evident in the structural parameters of the strained films .
+2	We model the PDR with a simple geometry and perform the non-LTE radiative transfer of the carbon RRL emission to solve for the PDR physical properties .	We measure carbon radio recombination line ( RRL ) emission at 5.3 GHz toward four HII regions with the Green Bank Telescope ( GBT ) to determine the magnetic field strength in the photodissociation region ( PDR ) that surrounds the ionized gas .	Roshi ( 2007 ) suggests that the non-thermal line widths of carbon RRLs from PDRs are predominantly due to magneto-hydrodynamic ( MHD ) waves , thus allowing the magnetic field strength to be derived .	Using the PDR mass density from these models and the carbon RRL non-thermal line width we estimate total magnetic field strengths of B ~ 100-300 micro Gauss in W3 and NGC6334A .	Our results for W49 and NGC6334D are less well constrained with total magnetic field strengths between B ~ 200-1000 micro Gauss .
+0	We present new near-IR observations of 76 Class I/flat-spectrum objects in the nearby ( d & lt ; 320 pc ) Perseus , Taurus , Chamaeleon I and II , rho Ophiuchi , and Serpens dark clouds .	These observations are part of a larger systematic infrared multiplicity survey of self-embedded objects in the nearest dark clouds .	When combined with the results of our previously published near-infrared multiplicity survey , we find a restricted companion star fraction of 14/79 ( 18 % +/- 4 % ) of the sources surveyed to be binary or higher order multiple systems over a separation range of ~300 - 2000 AU with a magnitude difference $ \Delta $ K & lt ; = 4 , and with no correction for background contamination or completeness .	This is consistent with the fraction of binary/multiple systems found among older pre-main-sequence T Tauri stars in each of the Taurus , rho Ophiuchi , and Chamaeleon star-forming regions over a similar separation range , as well as the combined companion star fraction for these regions .	However , the companion star fraction for solar-type , and lower mass M dwarf , main-sequence stars in the solar neighborhood in this separation range ( 11 % +/- 3 % ) is approximately one-half that of our sample .
+1	The model yields a nonlinear time-dependent differential equation .	We develop a stream function approach for the horizontal Hele-Shaw , Saffman-Taylor finger .	The finger widths derived from the equation are $ 1 & gt ; \lambda & gt ; \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { 5 } } $ , in units of half the width of the Hele-Shaw cell , in accordance with observation .	The equation contains the correct dispersion relation for the creation of the finger instability .	In an accompanying paper the stationary solutions of the equation are found numerically .
+0	We present near-infrared Ks-band photometry bracketing the secondary eclipse of the hot Jupiter TrES-2b using the Wide-field Infrared Camera on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope .	We detect its thermal emission with an eclipse depth of 0.062 +/- 0.012 % ( 5-sigma ) .	Our best-fit secondary eclipse is consistent with a circular orbit ( a 3-sigma upper limit on the eccentricity , e , and argument or periastron , omega , of |ecos ( omega ) | & lt ; 0.0090 ) , in agreement with mid-infrared detections of the secondary eclipse of this planet .	A secondary eclipse of this depth corresponds to a day-side Ks-band brightness temperature of TB = 1636 +/- 88 K. Our thermal emission measurement when combined with the thermal emission measurements using Spitzer/IRAC from O'Donovan and collaborators suggest that this planet exhibits relatively efficient day to night-side redistribution of heat and a near isothermal dayside atmospheric temperature structure , with a spectrum that is well approximated by a blackbody .	It is unclear if the atmosphere of TrES-2b requires a temperature inversion ; if it does it is likely due to chemical species other than TiO/VO as the atmosphere of TrES-2b is too cool to allow TiO/VO to remain in gaseous form .
+2	The celebrated work of Gittins et al .	The multi-armed bandit ( MAB ) problem features the classical tradeoff between exploration and exploitation .	The input specifies several stochastic arms which evolve with each pull , and the goal is to maximize the expected reward after a fixed budget of pulls .	[ GGW89 ] presumes a condition on the arms called the martingale assumption .	Recently , A. Gupta et al .
+3	The K-band spectrum shows HeI 20581 A and HI 21660 A ( Brackett-gamma ) in emission , which confine the spectral type of the companion to be earlier than B2.5 .	SWIFT J1626.6-5156 is an X-ray pulsar that was discovered in December 2005 during an X-ray outburst .	Although the X-ray data suggest that the system is a high-mass X-ray binary , very little information exists on the nature of the optical counterpart .	We have analysed all RXTE observations since its discovery , archived optical spectroscopic and photometric data and obtained for the first time near-IR spectra .	The H-band spectrum exhibits the HI Br-18-11 recombination series in emission .
+1	This field could account for the extra radiation degree of freedom suggested by the CMB .	We consider the generic scenario of dark energy which arises through the latent heat of a hidden sector first order cosmological phase transition .	We present the bubble nucleation solution for the viscous limit .	The decay rate of the field is constrained by published KSZ data , and may be an explanation of current excess ISW correlations .	Cross correlation of current and future surveys can further constrain or test the parameter space .
+0	We present a Chandra X-ray observation of G12.82-0.02 , a shell-like radio supernova remnant coincident with the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1813-178 .	We resolve the X-ray emission from the co-located ASCA source into a point source surrounded by structured diffuse emission that fills the interior of the radio shell .	The morphology of the diffuse emission strongly resembles that of a pulsar wind nebula .	The spectrum of the compact source is well-characterized by a power-law with index Gamma approx 1.3 , typical of young and energetic rotation-powered pulsars .	For a distance of 4.5 kpc , consistent with the X-ray absorption and an association with the nearby star formation region W33 , the 2-10 keV X-ray luminosities of the putative pulsar and nebula are L ( PSR ) = 3.2E33 ergs/s and L ( PWN ) = 1.4E34 ergs/s , respectively .
+0	Direct reciprocity and conditional cooperation are important mechanisms to prevent free riding in social dilemmas .	But in large groups these mechanisms may become ineffective , because they require single individuals to have a substantial influence on their peers .	However , the recent discovery of the powerful class of zero-determinant strategies in the iterated prisoner 's dilemma suggests that we may have underestimated the degree of control that a single player can exert .	Here , we develop a theory for zero-determinant strategies for multiplayer social dilemmas , with any number of involved players .	We distinguish several particularly interesting subclasses of strategies : fair strategies ensure that the own payoff matches the average payoff of the group ; extortionate strategies allow a player to perform above average ; and generous strategies let a player perform below average .
+4	We also give an alternative and self-contained characterisation of the kernel functions of the Askey-Wilson operator .	This paper establishes a version of Nevanlinna theory based on Askey-Wilson divided difference operator for meromorphic functions of finite logarithmic order in the complex plane $ \mathbb { C } $ .	A second main theorem that we have derived allows us to define an Askey-Wilson type Nevanlinna deficiency which gives a new interpretation that one should regard the zero/pole-sequences of many important infinite products arising from the study of basic hypergeometric series as nonexistence .	That is , their zeros/poles are indeed deficient in the sense of difference Nevanlinna theory .	A natural consequence is a version of Askey-Wilosn type Picard theorem .
+0	We investigate the effect of preferentially connecting oscillators with similar frequency to each other in networks of coupled phase oscillators ( i.e. , frequency assortativity ) .	Using the network Kuramoto model as an example , we find that frequency assortativity can induce chaos in the macroscopic dynamics .	By applying a mean-field approximation in combination with the dimension reduction method of Ott and Antonsen , we show that the dynamics can be described by a low dimensional system of equations .	We use the reduced system to characterize the macroscopic chaos using Lyapunov exponents , bifurcation diagrams , and time-delay embeddings .	Finally , we show that the emergence of chaos stems from the formation of multiple groups of synchronized oscillators , i.e. , meta-oscillators .
+2	The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt { s } =13 $ TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb $ ^ { -1 } $ .	A search for strongly produced supersymmetric particles is conducted using signatures involving multiple energetic jets and either two isolated leptons ( $ e $ or $ \mu $ ) with the same electric charge or at least three isolated leptons .	The search also utilises $ b $ -tagged jets , missing transverse momentum and other observables to extend its sensitivity .	No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is observed .	The results are interpreted in several simplified supersymmetric models and extend the exclusion limits from previous searches .
+3	Interestingly , it seems that the existence of a light and long-range scalar field in this gravity may modify the cosmological and galactic dynamics without conflicting with the laboratory and Solar System tests .	It is known that the metric and Palatini formalisms of gravity theories have their own interesting features but also suffer from some different drawbacks .	Recently , a novel gravity theory called hybrid metric-Palatini gravity was put forward to cure or improve their individual deficiencies .	The action of this gravity theory is a hybrid combination of the usual Einstein-Hilbert action and a $ f ( \mathcal { R } ) $ term constructed by the Palatini formalism .	In this paper we focus on the tensor perturbation of thick branes in this novel gravity theory .
+3	In particular , the extended second -- order SPFT takes account of both the size of the constituent particles and their statistical distributions .	In a long wavelength regime , the effective properties of particulate composites , including nanocomposites , may be estimated using one of various homogenization formalisms , such as the Bruggeman and Maxwell Garnett formalisms , and the approach of the strong -- property -- fluctuation theory ( SPFT ) .	In the conventional implementations of these formalisms , the constituent particles are treated as point -- like scattering centres .	However , extended formalisms have been established -- which involve integral formulations -- that take account of the spatial extent of the constituent particles .	We derive explicit representations of the extended second -- order SPFT appropriate to isotropic chiral and uniaxial dielectric homogenized composite mediums .
+0	We report here on the first pointed X-ray observation of the supernova remnant ( SNR ) G330.2+1.0 .	The X-ray morphology is characterized by an extended shell .	Its X-ray spectrum is well represented by a single power-law function with a photon index of $ \gamma\simeq 2.8 $ and interstellar absorption of $ n_ { \rm H } \simeq2.6\times 10^ { 22 } $ [ cm $ ^ { -2 } $ ] .	We interpret this emission as synchrotron radiation from accelerated electrons at the SNR shock , as seen in SN 1006 .	The surface brightness of the X-ray emission is anti-correlated with the radio emission , and the power-law spectrum is dominated at the western shell where the radio emission is weak .
+3	Since the oppositely directed currents repel each other due to the interaction of magnetic fields , a convective loop of electron current formes inside a metalic sample .	The magnetic field which induced by the thermo-electric current in metals was detected and measured using of a flux-gate magnetometer .	It is shown that the application of a temperature gradient on a metal rod gives rise to a circulating current therein and induces a magnetic field in the vicinity of its surface .	If a temperature gradient on a metal rod exists , the `` hot '' \ electrons flow from the heated region of a metal into a colder region and extrude `` cold '' electrons that form a current in opposite direction .	The magnetic field of this convection is directly proportional to the temperature gradient , the metal conductivity and inversely proportional to the temperature squared .
+2	The present results show unequivocally that ( VO ) _2P_2O_7 is best described as an alternating spin-chain directed along the crystallographic b-direction .	Magnetic excitations in an array of ( VO ) _2P_2O_7 single crystals have been measured using inelastic neutron scattering .	Until now , ( VO ) _2P_2O_7 has been thought of as a two-leg antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin ladder with chains running in the a-direction .	In addition to the expected magnon with magnetic zone-center energy gap \Delta = 3.1 meV , a second excitation is observed at an energy just below 2\Delta .	The higher mode may be a triplet two-magnon bound state .
+2	It has a filamentary structure similar to that seen in the Crab Nebula .	We report on new 5-GHz VLA radio observations of the pulsar-powered supernova remnant G21.5-0.9 .	These observations have allowed us to make a high-quality radio image of this remnant with a resolution of ~0.7 '' .	Radio structure suggestive of the torus seen around the Crab pulsar is tentatively identified .	We also compared the new image with one taken ~15 yr earlier at 1.5 GHz , both to find the expansion speed of the remnant and to make a spectral index image .
+1	Later , stability properties of multidimensional persistence have been proved to hold when topological spaces are filtered by continuous functions , i.e.for continuous data .	The theory of multidimensional persistent homology was initially developed in the discrete setting , and involved the study of simplicial complexes filtered through an ordering of the simplices .	This paper aims to provide a bridge between the continuous setting , where stability properties hold , and the discrete setting , where actual computations are carried out .	More precisely , a stability preserving method is developed to compare rank invariants of vector functions obtained from discrete data .	These advances confirm that multidimensional persistent homology is an appropriate tool for shape comparison in computer vision and computer graphics applications .
+2	Some particular cases of these , are generalized equipped posets and $ p $ -equipped posets , for a prime number $ p $ .	We introduce partially ordered sets ( posets ) with an additional structure given by a collection of vector subspaces of an algebra $ A $ .	We call them algebraically equipped posets .	We study their categories of representations and establish equivalences with some module categories , categories of morphisms and a subcategory of representations of a differential tensor algebra .	Through this , we obtain matrix representations and its corresponding matrix classification problem .
+2	The resulting ghost operator is a fourth-order elliptic operator , while the operator P on perturbations of the potential is a sixth-order elliptic operator .	Maxwell theory can be studied in a gauge which is invariant under conformal rescalings of the metric , and first proposed by Eastwood and Singer .	This paper studies the corresponding quantization in flat Euclidean 4-space .	The operator P may be reduced to a second-order non-minimal operator if a dimensionless gauge parameter tends to infinity .	Gauge-invariant boundary conditions are obtained by setting to zero at the boundary the whole set of perturbations of the potential , jointly with ghost perturbations and their normal derivative .
+1	It has been suggested that the dynamics of multi agent learning can be studied using replicator equations from population biology .	The problem of multi-agent learning and adaptation has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years .	Most existing studies so far have been limited to discrete strategy spaces with a small number of available actions .	In many cases , however , the choices available to agents are better characterized by continuous spectra .	This paper suggests a generalization of the replicator framework that allows to study the adaptive dynamics of Q-learning agents with continuous strategy spaces .
+1	Its pulse times of arrival are well modeled by a comprehensive pulsar binary model including its three-dimensional orbit and a noise model that incorporates correlated noise such as jitter and red noise .	We report 21-yr timing of one of the most precise pulsars : PSR J1713+0747 .	Its timing residuals have weighted root mean square $ \sim 92 $ ns .	The new dataset allows us to update and improve previous measurements of the system properties , including the masses of the neutron star ( $ 1.31\pm0.11 $ $ M_ { \odot } $ ) and the companion white dwarf ( $ 0.286\pm0.012 $ $ M_ { \odot } $ ) and the parallax distance $ 1.15\pm0.03 $ kpc .	We measured the intrinsic change in orbital period , $ \dot { P } ^ { \rm Int } _ { \rm b } $ , is $ -0.20\pm0.17 $ ps s $ ^ { -1 } $ , which is not distinguishable from zero .
+3	We complement this performance guarantee with an information theoretic lower bound , providing a necessary signal-to-noise ratio for any algorithm to successfully localize the cluster .	We study the localization of a cluster of activated vertices in a graph , from adaptively designed compressive measurements .	We propose a hierarchical partitioning of the graph that groups the activated vertices into few partitions , so that a top-down sensing procedure can identify these partitions , and hence the activations , using few measurements .	By exploiting the cluster structure , we are able to provide localization guarantees at weaker signal to noise ratios than in the unstructured setting .	We verify our analysis with some simulations , demonstrating the practicality of our algorithm .
+0	We present a study of the nuclear morphology of a sample of narrow- and broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies ( NLS1 's and BLS1 's ) based on broad-band images in the Hubble Space Telescope archives .	In our previous study , we found that large-scale stellar bars at & gt ; 1 kpc from the nucleus are more common in NLS1 's than BLS1 's .	In this paper we find that NLS1 's preferentially have grand-design dust spirals within approx .	1 kpc of their centers .	We also find that NLS1 's have a higher fraction of nuclear star-forming rings than BLS1 's .
+0	A discrete -- dynamics model , which is specified solely in terms of the system 's equilibrium structure , is defined for the density correlators of a simple fluid .	This model yields results for the evolution of glassy dynamics which are identical with the ones obtained from the mode-coupling theory for ideal liquid -- glass transitions .	The decay of density fluctuations outside the transient regime is shown to be given by a superposition of Debye processes .	The concept of structural relaxation is given a precise meaning .	It is proven that the long-time part of the mode-coupling-theory solutions is structural relaxation , while the transient motion merely determines an overall time scale for the glassy dynamics .
+4	We also find a strong correlation between the derived ( 56 ) Ni mass and the absolute B-band magnitude ( M ( B ) ) .	We present ( 56 ) Ni mass estimates for seventeen well-observed type Ia supernovae determined by two independent methods .	Estimates of the ( 56 ) Ni mass for each type Ia supernova are determined from ( 1 ) modeling of the late-time nebular spectrum and ( 2 ) through the combination of the peak bolometric luminosity with Arnett 's rule .	The attractiveness of this approach is that the comparison of estimated ( 56 ) Ni masses circumvents errors associated with the uncertainty in the adopted values of reddening and distance .	We demonstrate that these two methods provide consistent estimates of the amount of ( 56 ) Ni synthesized .
+3	In special cases such formulas have been obtained recently using tube formulas and complex dimensions or as a corollary to results on self-conformal sets .	We study Minkowski contents and fractal curvatures of arbitrary self-similar tilings ( constructed on a feasible open set of an IFS ) and the general relations to the corresponding functionals for self-similar sets .	In particular , we characterize the situation , when these functionals coincide .	In this case , the Minkowski content and the fractal curvatures of a self-similar set can be expressed completely in terms of the volume function or curvature data , respectively , of the generator of the tiling .	Our approach based on the classical Renewal Theorem is simpler and works for a much larger class of self-similar sets and tilings .
+3	We lower bound , uniformly on $ L $ , the spectral gap by applying a generalization of the Cheeger 's inequality .	We study the spectrum of one dimensional integral operators in bounded real intervals of length $ 2L $ , for value of $ L $ large .	The integral operators are obtained by linearizing a non local evolution equation for a non conserved order parameter describing the phases of a fluid .	We prove a Perron-Frobenius theorem showing that there is an isolated , simple minimal eigenvalue strictly positive for $ L $ finite , going to zero exponentially fast in $ L $ .	These results are usefulfor deriving spectral properties for non local Cahn-Hilliard type of equations in problems of interface dynamics .
+3	In OJ287 , the binary nature is confirmed by periodic radiation pulses .	Supermassive black holes are common in centers of galaxies .	Among the active galaxies , quasars are the most extreme , and their black hole masses range as high as to $ 6\cdot 10^ { 10 } M_\odot $ .	Binary black holes are of special interest but so far OJ287 is the only confirmed case with known orbital elements .	The period is twelve years with two pulses per period .
+3	This scenario does not exclude the channel in which formerly more massive donor stars underwent CNO processing in ystems that underwent thermal timescale mass transfer .	The detection of heavy elements at suprasolar abundances in the atmospheres of some accreting white dwarfs in cataclysmic variables , coupled with the high temperatures needed to produce these elements requires explosive thermonuclear burning .	The central temperatures of any formerly more massive secondary stars in CVs undergoing hydrostatic CNO burning are far too low to produce these elements .	Evidence is presented that at least some cataclysmic variables contain donor secondaries that have been contaminated by repeated novae ejecta and are transferring this material back to the white dwarf .	Implications for the progenitors of CVs are discussed .
+1	Like in the similar case of the pipe flow , the motion is linearly stable for all Reynolds numbers ; this flow is thus a good candidate to investigate the 'bypass ' path to turbulence .	The transition of the flow in a duct of square cross-section is studied .	Initially the so-called 'linear optimal perturbation problem ' is formulated and solved , yielding optimal disturbances in the form of longitudinal vortices .	Such optimals , however , fail to elicit a significant response from the system in the nonlinear regime .	Thus , streamwise-inhomogeneous , sub-optimal disturbances are focussed upon ; nonlinear quadratic interactions are immediately evoked by such initial perturbations and an unstable streamwise-homogeneous large amplitude mode rapidly emerges .
+0	We present a combinatorial model for cluster algebras of type $ D_n $ in terms of centrally symmetric pseudotriangulations of a regular $ 2n $ -gon with a small disk in the centre .	This model provides convenient and uniform interpretations for clusters , cluster variables and their exchange relations , as well as for quivers and their mutations .	We also present a new combinatorial interpretation of cluster variables in terms of perfect matchings of a graph after deleting two of its vertices .	This interpretation differs from known interpretations in the literature .	Its main feature , in contrast with other interpretations , is that for a fixed initial cluster seed , one or two graphs serve for the computation of all cluster variables .
+1	Generally , point groups of these orbifolds are generated by Weyl reflections and outer automorphisms of the lattices .	We provide a new class of Z_N x Z_M heterotic orbifolds on non-factorisable tori , whose boundary conditions are defined by Lie lattices .	We classify abelian orbifolds with and without discrete torsion .	Then we find that some of these models have smaller Euler numbers than those of models on factorisable tori T^2 x T^2 x T^2 .	There is a possibility that these orbifolds provide smaller generation numbers of N=1 chiral matter fields than factorisable models .
+0	The emptiness of the Local Void has been put forward as a serious challenge to the current standard paradigm of structure formation in LCDM .	We use a high resolution cosmological N-body simulation , the Millennium-II run , combined with a sophisticated semi-analytic galaxy formation model , to explore statistically whether the local void is allowed within our current knowledge of galaxy formation in LCDM .	We find that about 15 percent of the Local Group analogue systems ( 11 of 77 ) in our simulation are associated with nearby low density regions having size and 'emptiness ' similar to those of the observed Local Void .	This suggests that , rather than a crisis of the LCDM , the emptiness of the Local Void is indeed a success of the standard LCDM theory .	The paucity of faint galaxies in such voids results from a combination of two factors : a lower amplitude of the halo mass function in the voids than in the field , and a lower galaxy formation efficiency in void haloes due to halo assembly bias effects .
+3	The experimental results are analyzed using a formalism on resonant x-ray scattering and a model of the AFQ order .	We have investigated the antiferroquadrupolar ( AFQ ) order in DyB $ _2 $ C $ _2 $ by resonant x-ray scattering .	X-rays with energies near the $ L_3 $ absorption edge of Dy were employed .	Superlattice peaks that correspond to three kinds of propagation vectors of ( 1 0 0 ) , ( 1 0 1/2 ) and ( 0 0 1/2 ) were investigated in detail with polarization analyses .	The magnetic and quadrupolar scatterings are explained by the model satisfactorily .
+2	We also define period of a Fibonacci sequence modulo an integer , $ m $ and derive certain interesting properties related to them .	In this paper we study the Fibonacci numbers and derive some interesting properties and recurrence relations .	We prove some charecterizations for $ F_p $ , where $ p $ is a prime of a certain type .	Afterwards , we derive some new properties of a class of generalized Fibonacci numbers .	In the last part of the paper we introduce some generalized Fibonacci polynomial sequences and we derive some results related to them .
+3	Although such anomalous behavior is well known in material systems with directional interactions ( e.g. , zirconium tungstate ) , to our knowledge this is the first time that NTE behavior has been established to occur in single-component many-particle systems for isotropic interactions .	We have devised an isotropic interaction potential that gives rise to negative thermal expansion ( NTE ) behavior in equilibrium many-particle systems in both two and three dimensions over a wide temperature and pressure range ( including zero pressure ) .	An optimization procedure is used in order to find a potential that yields a strong NTE effect .	A key feature of the potential that gives rise to this behavior is the softened interior of its basin of attraction .	Using constant-pressure Monte Carlo simulations , we show that as the temperature is increased , the system exhibits negative , zero and then positive thermal expansion before melting ( for both two- and three-dimensional systems ) .
+1	We review the following types of the GRB-SN connection .	The connection between the long Gamma Ray Bursts ( GRBs ) and Type Ic Supernovae ( SNe ) has revealed interesting diversity .	( 1 ) GRB-SNe : The three SNe all explode with energies much larger than those of typical SNe , thus being called Hypernovae ( HNe ) .	They are massive enough for forming black holes .	( 2 ) Non-GRB HNe/SNe : Some HNe are not associated with GRBs .
+4	Secondly , the domain wall is attracted to the hot-spot generated by the focused laser .	We demonstrate optical manipulation of the position of a domain wall in a dilute magnetic semiconductor , GaMnAsP .	Two main contributions are identified .	Firstly , photocarrier spin exerts a spin transfer torque on the magnetization via the exchange interaction .	The direction of the domain wall motion can be controlled using the helicity of the laser .
+4	We also address briefly the propagation of cosmic rays ( CRs ) in the intergalactic medium ( IGM ) .	There is no single mechanism by which fast particles are accelerated in astrophysical environments , and it is now recognized that the data require a rich variety of different mechanisms operating under different conditions .	The mechanisms discussed in the literature include varying magnetic fields in compact sources , stochastic processes in turbulent environments , and acceleration behind shocks .	An alternative , much less explored mechanism so far , involves particle acceleration within magnetic reconnection sites .	In this work , we explore this mechanism in the AGN framework and show that particles are efficiently accelerated through a first-order Fermi process and have an exponential growth of energy .
+4	In this paper we present a programming technique to take advantages of distributed caching facilities in manycore processors .	With rapidly evolving technology , multicore and manycore processors have emerged as promising architectures to benefit from increasing transistor numbers .	The transition towards these parallel architectures makes today an exciting time to investigate challenges in parallel computing .	The TILEPro64 is a manycore accelerator , composed of 64 tiles interconnected via multiple 8x8 mesh networks .	It contains per-tile caches and supports cache-coherent shared memory by default .
+1	It is found that the data obtained within the `minimum bias ' analysis ( using `theoretical Drell-Yan ' ) are at variance with the previously published experimental dependence of the same quantity on the transversal energy of neutral hadrons E_T .	The recently published experimental dependence of the J/psi suppression pattern in Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN SPS on the energy of zero degree calorimeter E_ZDC are analyzed .	The discrepancy is related to the moderate centrality region : 100 & lt ; N_p & lt ; 200 ( N_p is the number of nucleon participants ) .	This could result from systematic experimental errors in the minimum bias sample .	A possible source of the errors may be contamination of the minimum bias sample by off-target interactions .
+1	Their study is motivated by the topic of joint source-channel coding .	Symmetric fix-free codes are prefix condition codes in which each codeword is required to be a palindrome .	Although they have been considered by a few communities they are not well understood .	In earlier work we used a collection of instances of Boolean satisfiability problems as a tool in the generation of all optimal binary symmetric fix-free codes with n codewords and observed that the number of different optimal codelength sequences grows slowly compared with the corresponding number for prefix condition codes .	We demonstrate that all optimal symmetric fix-free codes can alternatively be obtained by sequences of codes generated by simple manipulations starting from one particular code .
+0	We present a scheme for efficient state teleportation and entanglement swapping using a single quantum-dot spin in an optical microcavity based on giant circular birefringence .	State teleportation or entanglement swapping is heralded by the sequential detection of two photons , and is finished after the spin measurement .	The spin-cavity unit works as a complete Bell-state analyzer with a built-in spin memory allowing loss-resistant repeater operation .	This device can work in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regime , but high efficiencies and high fidelities are only achievable when the side leakage and cavity loss is low .	We assess the feasibility of this device , and show it can be implemented with current technology .
+0	One of the most controversial hypotheses for explaining the heterogeneous dynamics of glasses postulates the temporary coexistence of two phases characterized by a high and by a low diffusivity .	In this scenario , two phases with different diffusivities coexist for a time of the order of the relaxation time and mix afterwards .	Unfortunately , it is difficult to measure the single-particle diffusivities to test this hypothesis .	Indeed , although the non-Gaussian shape of the van-Hove distribution suggests the transient existence of a diffusivity distribution , it is not possible to infer from this quantity whether two or more dynamical phases coexist .	Here we provide the first direct observation of the dynamical coexistence of two phases with different diffusivities , by showing that in the deeply supercooled regime the distribution of the single-particle diffusivities acquires a transient bimodal shape .
+4	Namely , we use the differential equation perspective to find a number of new interesting hook length formulae for trees , and we use the body of examples developed by the combinatorial community to give quantum field theory toy examples with nice properties .	We consider weighted generating functions of trees where the weights are products of functions of the sizes of the subtrees .	This work begins with the observation that three different communities , largely independently , found substantially the same result concerning these series .	We unify these results with a common generalization .	Next we use the insights of one community on the problems of another in two different ways .
+4	We demonstrate that in the spin-boson model there exist unexplored regions not covered in the conventional phase diagram .	We study the ultrafast dynamic process in photoexcited systems and find that the Franck-Condon or Landau-Zener tunneling between the photoexcited state and the ground state is abruptly blocked with increasing the state coupling from nonadiabatic to adiabatic limits .	The blockage of the tunneling inhibits the photoexcited state from decaying into the thermalized state and results in an emergence of a metastable state , which represents an entanglement of electronic states with different electron-phonon coupling strengths .	Applying this model to the investigation of photoexcited half-doped manganites , we show that the quantum critical transition is responsible for more than three orders of magnitude difference in the ground state recovery times following photoirradiation .	This model also explains some elusive experimental results such as photoinduced rearrangement of orbital order by structural rather than electronic process and the structural bottleneck of one-quarter period of the Jahn-Teller mode .
+2	We furthermore show how natural sublogics of EIL correspond to coarser equivalences .	We introduce event identifier logic ( EIL ) which extends Hennessy-Milner logic by the addition of ( 1 ) reverse as well as forward modalities , and ( 2 ) identifiers to keep track of events .	We show that this logic corresponds to hereditary history-preserving ( HH ) bisimulation equivalence within a particular true-concurrency model , namely stable configuration structures .	In particular we provide logical characterisations of weak history-preserving ( WH ) and history-preserving ( H ) bisimulation .	Logics corresponding to HH and H bisimulation have been given previously , but not to WH bisimulation ( when autoconcurrency is allowed ) , as far as we are aware .
+0	We describe efficient methods for screening clone libraries , based on pooling schemes which we call `` random $ k $ -sets designs '' .	In these designs , the pools in which any clone occurs are equally likely to be any possible selection of $ k $ from the $ v $ pools .	The values of $ k $ and $ v $ can be chosen to optimize desirable properties .	Random $ k $ -sets designs have substantial advantages over alternative pooling schemes : they are efficient , flexible , easy to specify , require fewer pools , and have error-correcting and error-detecting capabilities .	In addition , screening can often be achieved in only one pass , thus facilitating automation .
+1	Sensors are assumed to observe sparse signals having the same but unknown sparse support .	We study the problem of jointly sparse support recovery with 1-bit compressive measurements in a sensor network .	Each sensor quantizes its measurement vector element-wise to 1-bit and transmits the quantized observations to a fusion center .	We develop a computationally tractable support recovery algorithm which minimizes a cost function defined in terms of the likelihood function and the $ l_ { 1 , \infty } $ norm .	We observe that even with noisy 1-bit measurements , jointly sparse support can be recovered accurately with multiple sensors each collecting only a small number of measurements .
+1	The standard Odijk , Skolnick and Fixman ( OSF ) theory suggests $ l_e \propto r_s^2 $ , while some variational theories and computer simulations suggest $ l_e \propto r_s $ .	We address the long standing problem of the dependence of the electrostatic persistence length $ l_e $ of a flexible polyelectrolyte ( PE ) on the screening length $ r_s $ of the solution within the linear Debye-Huckel theory .	In this paper , we use Monte-Carlo simulations to study the conformation of a simple polyelectrolyte .	Using four times longer PEs than in previous simulations and refined methods for the treatment of the simulation data , we show that the results are consistent with the OSF dependence $ l_e \propto r_s^2 $ .	The linear charge density of the PE which enters in the coefficient of this dependence is properly renormalized to take into account local fluctuations .
+2	Several experimental studies have been carried out to determine the effects of inhomogeneities in cardiac tissue on such arrhythmias .	Cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) or ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) are the leading cause of death in the industrialised world .	There is a growing consensus that these arrhythmias arise because of the formation of spiral waves of electrical activation in cardiac tissue ; unbroken spiral waves are associated with VT and broken ones with VF .	We give a brief overview of such experiments , and then an introduction to partial-differential-equation models for ventricular tissue .	We show how different types of inhomogeneities can be included in such models , and then discuss various numerical studies , including our own , of the effects of these inhomogeneities on spiral-wave dynamics .
+4	Our main result is closely related to concurrent work done independently by Furukawa and Ito .	Let $ X_\mathcal { A } $ be the projective toric variety corresponding to a finite set of lattice points $ \mathcal { A } $ .	We show that irreducible components of the Fano scheme $ \mathbf { F } _k ( X_\mathcal { A } ) $ parametrizing $ k $ -dimensional linear subspaces of $ X_\mathcal { A } $ are in bijection to so-called maximal Cayley structures for $ \mathcal { A } $ .	We explicitly describe these irreducible components and their intersection behaviour , characterize when $ \mathbf { F } _k ( X_\mathcal { A } ) $ is connected , and prove that if $ X_\mathcal { A } $ is smooth in dimension $ k $ , then every component of $ \mathbf { F } _k ( X_\mathcal { A } ) $ is smooth in its reduced structure .	Furthermore , in the special case $ k=\dim X_\mathcal { A } -1 $ , we describe the non-reduced structure of $ \mathbf { F } _k ( X_\mathcal { A } ) $ .
+1	In particular , we target a fleet of robots for collaborative tasks with humans , such as telepresence and cooperative mobile manipulation .	This paper presents a first contribution to the design of a small aerial robot for inhabited microgravity environments , such as orbiting space stations .	We explore a propeller based propulsion system , arranged in such a way that the translational and the rotational components can be decoupled , resulting in an holonomic hexarotor .	Since propellers have limited thrust , we employ an optimization approach to select the geometric configuration given a criteria of uniform maximum thrust across all directions in the body reference frame .	We also tackle the problem of motion control : due to the decoupling of translational and rotational modes we use separate converging controllers for each one of these modes .
+3	Our models yield a correlation between accretion rate M_dot and stellar mass M_st that has a best fit M_dot \propto M_st^ { 1.7 } , in good agreement with recent observations .	We have studied numerically the evolution of protostellar disks around intermediate and upper mass T Tauri stars ( 0.25 M_sun & lt ; M_st & lt ; 3.0 M_sun ) that have formed self-consistently from the collapse of molecular cloud cores .	In the T Tauri phase , disks settle into a self-regulated state , with low-amplitude nonaxisymmetric density perturbations persisting for at least several million years .	Our main finding is that the global effect of gravitational torques due to these perturbations is to produce disk accretion rates that are of the correct magnitude to explain observed accretion onto T Tauri stars .	We also predict a near-linear correlation between the disk accretion rate and the disk mass .
+2	Both the f-mode and p-mode frequencies are correlated with general measures of the sun 's magnetic activity .	We analyze and interpret SOHO/MDI data on oscillation frequency changes between 1996 and 2004 focusing on differences between activity minimum and maximum of solar cycle 23 .	We study only the behavior of the centroid frequencies , which reflect changes averaged over spherical surfaces .	However , the physics behind each of the two correlations is quite different .	We show that for the f-modes the dominant cause of the frequency increase is the dynamical effect of the rising magnetic field .
+0	In a recent Letter ( Phys.Rev.lett .	105 , 195301 ( 2010 ) ) , Song et al .	introduced a new variational approach to treat strong attractive boson-fermion ( BF ) correlations in BF atomic mixtures .	The proposed theory predicts a first order phase transition to a condensate of composite BF pairs with center of mass momentum Q=0 as opposed to a composite fermionic molecular Fermi gas .	We show in this comment that their approach is incorrect and moreover , by resorting to an exactly solvable model we demonstrate that there can not be more than one correlated Q=0 BF pair in complete contradiction with their conclusions .
+4	At a second-order ( and possibly first-order ) transition a pseudoGoldstone boson becomes massless as a consequence of a spontaneous change in the discrete , but not the continuous , symmetry of the ground state .	We study vacuum alignment in theories in which the chiral symmetry of a set of massless fermions is both spontaneously and explicitly broken .	We find that transitions occur between different phases of the fermions ' CP symmetry as parameters in their symmetry breaking Hamiltonian are varied .	We identify a new phase that we call pseudoCP-conserving .	We observe first and second-order transitions between the various phases .
+2	We then propose an iterative technique for enclosing the solution set .	In this work , we investigate the interval generalized Sylvester matrix equation $ { \bf { A } } X { \bf { B } } + { \bf { C } } X { \bf { D } } = { \bf { F } } $ and develop some techniques for obtaining outer estimations for the so-called united solution set of this interval system .	First , we propose a modified variant of the Krawczyk operator which causes reducing computational complexity to cubic , compared to Kronecker product form .	These approaches are based on spectral decompositions of the midpoints of $ { \bf { A } } $ , $ { \bf { B } } $ , $ { \bf { C } } $ and $ { \bf { D } } $ and in both of them we suppose that the midpoints of $ { \bf { A } } $ and $ { \bf { C } } $ are simultaneously diagonalizable as well as for the midpoints of the matrices $ { \bf { B } } $ and $ { \bf { D } } $ .	Some numerical experiments are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed methods .
+0	This paper presents a new technique for deterministic length reduction .	This technique improves the running time of the algorithm presented in \cite { LR07 } for performing fast convolution in sparse data .	While the regular fast convolution of vectors $ V_1 , V_2 $ whose sizes are $ N_1 , N_2 $ respectively , takes $ O ( N_1 \log N_2 ) $ using FFT , using the new technique for length reduction , the algorithm proposed in \cite { LR07 } performs the convolution in $ O ( n_1 \log^3 n_1 ) $ , where $ n_1 $ is the number of non-zero values in $ V_1 $ .	The algorithm assumes that $ V_1 $ is given in advance , and $ V_2 $ is given in running time .	The novel technique presented in this paper improves the convolution time to $ O ( n_1 \log^2 n_1 ) $ { \sl deterministically } , which equals the best running time given achieved by a { \sl randomized } algorithm .
+2	We denote by $ w_1 ( G ) $ and $ W_1 ( G ) $ , respectively , the least and the greatest values of $ t $ , for which there exists an interval on $ V_1 ( G ) $ coloring of the multigraph $ G $ with the colors $ 1 , \ldots , t $ .	Let $ G= ( V_1 ( G ) , V_2 ( G ) , E ( G ) ) $ be a bipartite multigraph , and $ R\subseteq V_1 ( G ) \cup V_2 ( G ) $ .	A proper coloring of edges of $ G $ with the colors $ 1 , \ldots , t $ is called interval ( respectively , continuous ) on $ R $ , if each color is used for at least one edge and the edges incident with each vertex $ x\in R $ are colored by $ d ( x ) $ consecutive colors ( respectively , by the colors $ 1 , \ldots , d ( x ) ) $ , where $ d ( x ) $ is a degree of the vertex $ x $ .	In the paper the following basic results are obtained .	\textbf { Theorem 2 . }
+0	We consider a two-dimensional Coulomb gas of positive and negative pointlike unit charges interacting via a logarithmic potential .	The density ( rather than the charge ) correlation functions are studied .	In the bulk , the form-factor theory of an equivalent sine-Gordon model is used to determine the density correlation length .	At the surface of a rectilinear plain wall , the universality of the asymptotic behavior of the density correlations is suggested .	A scaling analysis implies a local form of the compressibility sum rule near a hard wall .
+0	We demonstrate the self-assembled growth of vertically aligned GaN nanowire ensembles on a flexible Ti foil by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy .	The analysis of single nanowires by transmission electron microscopy reveals that they are single crystalline .	Low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy demonstrates that , in comparison to standard GaN nanowires grown on Si , the nanowires prepared on the Ti foil exhibit a equivalent crystalline perfection , a higher density of basal-plane stacking faults , but a reduced density of inversion domain boundaries .	The room-temperature photoluminescence spectrum of the nanowire ensemble is not influenced or degraded by the bending of the substrate .	The present results pave the way for the fabrication of flexible optoelectronic devices based on GaN nanowires on metal foils .
+0	The stability of a galaxy model is most easily assessed through N-body simulation .	Particle-mesh codes have been widely used for this purpose , since they enable the largest numbers of particles to be employed .	We show that the functional expansion technique , originally proposed by Clutton-Brock for other simulation problems , is in fact superior for stability work .	For simulations of linear evolution it is not much slower than grid methods using the same number of particles , and reproduces analytical results with much greater accuracy .	This success rests on its ability to represent global modes with a modest number of basis functions ; grid methods may be more effective for other applications , however .
+2	Here we apply this approach to the third and fifth Painleve equations .	In a recent paper we presented a truncation-type method of deriving Backlund transformations for ordinary differential equations .	This method is based on a consideration of truncation as a mapping that preserves the locations of a natural subset of the movable poles that the equation possesses .	For the third Painleve equation we are able to obtain all fundamental Backlund transformations for the case where the parameters satisfy $ \gamma\delta\neq0 $ .	For the fifth Painleve equation our approach yields what appears to be all known Backlund transformations .
+4	To each positive chart $ \Phi_G $ and choice of positive integer $ r $ , we associate a polytope $ NO_G^r $ , which we construct as the convex hull of a set of integer lattice points .	In this article we use the cluster structure on the Grassmannian and the combinatorics of plabic graphs to exhibit a new aspect of mirror symmetry for Grassmannians in terms of polytopes .	For our $ A $ -model , we consider the Grassmannian $ \mathbb X=Gr_ { n-k } ( \mathbb { C } ^n ) $ .	The $ B $ -model is a Landau-Ginzburg model $ ( \check { \mathbb X } ^\circ , W_q : \check { \mathbb X } ^\circ \to \mathbb { C } ) $ , where $ \check { \mathbb X } ^\circ $ is the complement of a particular anti-canonical divisor in a Langlands dual Grassmannian $ \check { \mathbb X } = Gr_k ( ( \mathbb { C } ^n ) ^* ) $ , and the superpotential $ W_q $ has a simple expression in terms of Pl\ '' ucker coordinates , see [ MarshRietsch ] .	From a given plabic graph $ G $ we obtain two coordinate systems : using work of Postnikov and Talaska we have a positive chart $ \Phi_G : ( \mathbb { C } ^* ) ^ { k ( n-k ) } \to \mathbb X $ in our $ A $ -model , and using work of Scott we have a cluster chart $ \Phi_G^ { \vee } : ( \mathbb { C } ^* ) ^ { k ( n-k ) } \to \check { \mathbb X } $ in our $ B $ -model .
+0	It might seem that a choice of a time coordinate in Hamiltonian formulations of general relativity breaks the full four-dimensional diffeomorphism covariance of the theory .	This is not the case .	We construct explicitly the complete set of gauge generators for Ashtekar 's formulation of canonical gravity .	The requirement of projectability of the Legendre map from configuration-velocity space to phase space renders the symmetry group a gauge transformation group on configuration-velocity variables .	Yet there is a sense in which the full four-dimensional diffeomorphism group survives .
+0	Deconstruction is a powerful means to explore the rich dynamics of gauge theories in four and higher dimensions .	We demonstrate that gauge symmetry breaking in a compactified higher dimensional theory can be formulated via deconstructed 4D moose theory with { \it spontaneous symmetry breaking } and { \it without boundary condition . }	The proper higher-D boundary conditions are automatically induced in the continuum limit rather than being imposed .	We identify and analyze the moose theories which exhibit { \it delayed unitarity violation } ( effective unitarity ) as a { \it collective effect } of many gauge groups , without resorting to any known 5D geometry .	Relevant phenomenological constraints are also addressed .
+2	We extend the exploration to the Z_2xZ_4 orbifold , where a similar pattern is identified .	We consider the key ingredients which made the Z_6II Mini-Landscape a successful ground for model building .	There one observes a preferred distribution for the fields of the standard model which has direct implications on the phenomenology , since it favors a heavy top quark and a plausible solution to the $ \mu $ -problem .	To illustrate our findings we present an explicit Z_2xZ_4 model that exhibits the MSSM spectrum plus vector-like exotics at the orbifold point .	We take this construction as an example of a larger class of orbifold models which were anticipated at the GUT level .
+1	A broad range of interacting space and time scales determines the dynamics of many systems which are inherently multiscale .	Multiscale phenomena are ubiquitous in nature as well in laboratories .	In most research disciplines multiscale phenomena are not only prominent , but also they have often played the dominant role .	In the solar wind - magnetosphere interaction , multiscale features coexist along with the global or coherent features .	Underlying these phenomena are the mathematical and theoretical approaches such as phase transitions , turbulence , self-organization , fractional kinetics , percolation , etc .
+4	However , a secure vehicle-to-vehicle communication requires additional means of verification in order to avoid impersonation attacks .	Vehicular networks are used to coordinate actions among vehicles in traffic by the use of wireless transceivers ( pairs of transmitters and receivers ) .	Unfortunately , the wireless communication among vehicles is vulnerable to security threats that may lead to very serious safety hazards .	In this work , we propose a viable solution for coping with Man-in-the-Middle attacks .	Conventionally , Public Key Infrastructure ( PKI ) is utilized for a secure communication with the pre-certified public key .
+0	The latest NA49 results on event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuations are presented for central Pb+Pb interactions over the whole SPS energy range ( 20A - 158A GeV ) .	Two different methods are applied : evaluating the $ \Phi_ { p_ { T } } $ fluctuation measure and studying two-particle transverse momentum correlations .	The obtained results are compared to predictions of the UrQMD model .	The results on the energy dependence are compared to the NA49 data on the system size dependence .	The NA61 ( SHINE , NA49-future ) strategy of searching of the QCD critical end-point is also discussed .
+0	The paper in the title [ 1 ] reports measurements of neutron scattering from hydrogen in the 1-100 eV range of energy transfers , using the direct geometry MARI spectrometer at ISIS .	Stock et al claim that their measurements have better or comparable energy resolution to those on the inverse geometry VESUVIO spectrometer at ISIS .	Most importantly the main conclusions of ref [ 1 ] are not valid unless this claim is true : in particular the conclusion that anomalous neutron cross sections measured on VESUVIO [ 2 ] are `` the result of experimental issues using indirect geometry spectrometers '' .	We present here overwhelming evidence that the energy resolution of the measurements in ref [ 1 ] is much coarser than on VESUVIO .	It follows that the conclusions of Stock et al are unfounded .
+3	The entire sample formally satisfies the linewidth criterion for so-called narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies ; however , they display a wider range of FeII and [ OIII ] ( 5007 ) line strengths than is typically observed in this class of objects .	We present an initial sample of 19 intermediate-mass black hole candidates in active galactic nuclei culled from the First Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey .	Using the linewidth-luminosity-mass scaling relation established for broad-line active nuclei , we estimate black hole masses in the range of 8 x 10^4 - 10^6 solar masses , a regime in which only two objects are currently known .	The absolute magnitudes are faint for active galactic nuclei , ranging from M_g of -15 to -18 mag , while the bolometric luminosities are all close to the Eddington limit .	Although the available imaging data are of insufficient quality to ascertain the detailed morphologies of the host galaxies , it is likely that the majority of the hosts are relatively late-type systems .
+4	For any $ n\geq 3 $ , the second of these implies the vanishing of the first group cohomology group with group ring coefficients $ H^1 ( B\pi_1M ; \mathbb Z\pi_1M ) =0 $ .	We study complete , finite volume $ n $ -manifolds $ M $ of bounded nonpositive sectional curvature .	A classical theorem of Gromov says that if such $ M $ has negative curvature then it is homeomorphic to the interior of a compact manifold-with-boundary , and we denote this boundary $ \partial M $ .	If $ n\geq 3 $ , we prove that the universal cover of the boundary $ \widetilde { \partial M } $ and also the $ \pi_1M $ -cover of the boundary $ \partial\widetilde M $ have vanishing $ ( n-2 ) $ -dimensional homology .	For $ n=4 $ the first of these recovers a result of Nguyen Phan saying that each component of the boundary $ \partial M $ is aspherical .
+2	At temperatures below 0.25 K , period shift signals similar to those reported by Kim and Chan [ Science { \bf 305 } , 1941 ( 2004 ) ] were observed , albeit two orders smaller in magnitude .	We report low temperature measurements of bulk solid $ ^4 $ He in a two-frequency compound torsional oscillator with both annular and open cylinder sample geometries .	The oscillators were designed to suppress period shifts arising from all known elastic effects of solid $ ^4 $ He .	A sizable fraction of the observed signals are frequency-independent and consistent with the mass-decoupling expected for supersolid $ ^4 $ He .	This result is in stark contrast with recent works on Vycor-solid- $ ^4 $ He system and suggests that a small supersolid fraction on the order of $ 1 \times 10^ { -4 } $ may indeed exist in bulk solid $ ^4 $ He .
+4	Varying the combination of photometric parameters input into our algorithm we show that W1 - J is a simple and effective star-galaxy separator , capable of producing results comparable to the multi-dimensional SVM classification .	We combine photometric information of the WISE and 2MASS all-sky infrared databases , and demonstrate how to produce clean and complete galaxy catalogs for future analyses .	Adding 2MASS colors to WISE photometry improves star-galaxy separation efficiency substantially at the expense of loosing a small fraction of the galaxies .	We find that 93 % of the WISE objects within W1 & lt ; 15.2 mag have a 2MASS match , and that a class of supervised machine learning algorithms , Support Vector Machines ( SVM ) , are efficient classifiers of objects in our multicolor data set .	We constructed a training set from the SDSS PhotoObj table with known star-galaxy separation , and determined redshift distribution of our sample from the GAMA spectroscopic survey .
+3	U-exchanges could lead , but not necessarily , to significant branching fractions for invisible decays into light dark matter .	Invisible psi and Upsilon decays into light neutralinos , within the MSSM or N ( n ) MSSM , are smaller than for nu nubar production , even if light spin-0 particles are coupled to quarks and neutralinos .	In a more general way , light dark matter particles are normally forbidden , unless they can annihilate sufficiently through a new interaction stronger than weak interactions ( at lower energies ) , as induced by a light spin-1 U boson , or heavy-fermion exchanges in the case of scalar dark matter .	We discuss the possible contributions of U-boson , heavy-fermion , or spin-0 exchanges to invisible psi and Upsilon decays .	We show how one can get the correct relic density together with sufficiently small invisible branching fractions , and the resulting constraints on the U couplings to ordinary particles and dark matter , in particular |c_chi.f_bV| & lt ; 5 10^-3 from Upsilon decays , for 2 m_chi smaller than a few GeV .
+0	We investigate the fermionic SU ( N ) Hubbard model on the two-dimensional square lattice for weak to moderate interaction strengths using one-loop renormalization group and mean-field methods .	For the repulsive case U & gt ; 0 at half filling and small N the dominant tendency is towards breaking of the SU ( N ) symmetry .	For N & gt ; 6 staggered flux order takes over as the dominant instability , in agreement with the large-N limit .	Away from half filling for N=3 the system rearranges the particle densities such that two flavors remain half filled by cannibalizing the third flavor .	In the attractive case and odd N a full Fermi surface coexists with a superconductor in the ground state .
+0	In this paper , we consider the problem of estimating the distance between any two large data streams in small- space constraint .	This problem is of utmost importance in data intensive monitoring applications where input streams are generated rapidly .	These streams need to be processed on the fly and accurately to quickly determine any deviance from nominal behavior .	We present a new metric , the Sketch \star-metric , which allows to define a distance between updatable summaries ( or sketches ) of large data streams .	An important feature of the Sketch \star-metric is that , given a measure on the entire initial data streams , the Sketch \star-metric preserves the axioms of the latter measure on the sketch ( such as the non-negativity , the identity , the symmetry , the triangle inequality but also specific properties of the f-divergence ) .
+4	We also describe a numerical scheme for approximating the effective diffusion tensor and illustrate this scheme with two examples .	We study the problem of lateral diffusion on a static , quasi-planar surface generated by a stationary , ergodic random field possessing rapid small-scale spatial fluctuations .	The aim is to study the effective behaviour of a particle undergoing Brownian motion on the surface viewed as a projection on the underlying plane .	By formulating the problem as a diffusion in a random medium , we are able to use known results from the theory of stochastic homogenization of SDEs to show that , in the limit of small scale fluctuations , the diffusion process behaves quantitatively like a Brownian motion with constant diffusion tensor $ D $ .	While $ D $ will not have a closed-form expression in general , we are able to derive variational bounds for the effective diffusion tensor , and using a duality transformation argument , obtain a closed form expression for $ D $ in the special case where $ D $ is isotropic .
+0	We present a novel and simple method to numerically calculate Fisher Information Matrices for stochastic chemical kinetics models .	The linear noise approximation is used to derive model equations and a likelihood function which leads to an efficient computational algorithm .	Our approach reduces the problem of calculating the Fisher Information Matrix to solving a set of ordinary differential equations .	{ This is the first method to compute Fisher Information for stochastic chemical kinetics models without the need for Monte Carlo simulations . }	This methodology is then used to study sensitivity , robustness and parameter identifiability in stochastic chemical kinetics models .
+2	The prominent model of vague computation is the fuzzy Turing machine .	Vagueness is a linguistic phenomenon as well as a property of physical objects .	Fuzzy set theory is a mathematical model of vagueness that has been used to define vague models of computation .	This conceptual computing device gives an idea of what computing under vagueness means , nevertheless , it is not the most natural model .	Based on the properties of this and other models of vague computing , it is aimed to formulate a basis for a philosophy of a theory of fuzzy computation .
+2	The change in spin entropy and negativity , however , is extremely small .	We show that a passing gravitational wave may influence the spin entropy and spin negativity of a system of $ N $ massive spin-1/2 particles , in a way that is characteristic of the radiation .	We establish the specific conditions under which this effect may be nonzero .	Here , we propose and show that this effect may be amplified through entanglement swapping .	Relativistic quantum information theory may have a contribution towards the detection of gravitational wave .
+0	We propose a physical mechanism to explain giant flares and radio afterglows in terms of a magnetospheric model containing both a helically twisted flux rope and a current sheet ( CS ) .	With the appearance of CS , we solve a mixed boundary value problem to get the magnetospheric field based on a domain decomposition method .	We investigate properties of the equilibrium curve of the flux rope when the CS is present in background multipolar fields .	In response to the variations at the magnetar surface , it quasi-statically evolves in stable equilibrium states .	The loss of equilibrium occurs at a critical point and , beyond that point , it erupts catastrophically .
+1	Such an algorithm allows one , for the first time , to find all the factors of a number N in a single run without precalculating the ratio N/l , where l are all the possible trial factors .	In this paper , we will describe a new factorization algorithm based on the continuous representation of Gauss sums , generalizable to orders j & gt ; 2 .	Continuous truncated exponential sums turn out to be a powerful tool for distinguishing factors from non-factors ( we also suggest , with regard to this topic , to read an interesting paper by S. Woelk et al .	also published in this issue [ Woelk , Feiler , Schleich , J. Mod.Opt .	in press ] ) and factorizing different numbers at the same time .
+0	Although the theoretical study of very low metallicity ( Z ) and metal-free stars is not new , their importance has recently greatly increased since two related fields have been developing rapidly .	The first is cosmological simulations of the formation of the first stars and of the reionisation period .	The second is the observations of extremely metal poor stars .	In this paper , we present pre-supernova evolution models of massive rotating stars at very low Z ( Z=1e-8 ) and at Z=0 .	Rotation has a strong impact on mass loss and nucleosynthesis .
+1	Supergiant fast X-ray transients are a subclass of high mass X-ray binaries that host a neutron star accreting mass from the wind of its OB supergiant companion .	Context .	They are characterized by an extremely pronounced and rapid variability in X-rays , which still lacks an unambiguous interpretation .	A number of deep pointed observations with XMM-Newton have been carried out to study the quiescent emission of these sources and gain insight into the mechanism that causes their X-ray variability.Aims .	We continued this study by using three XMM-Newton observations of the two supergiant fast X-ray transient prototypes XTEJ1739-302 and IGR J08408-4503 in quiescence.Methods .
+4	Unfortunately , the disadvantage of this approach is the unreliable nature of the worker processes .	The assignment and execution of tasks over the Internet is an inexpensive solution in contrast with supercomputers .	We consider an Internet-based Master-Worker task computing approach , such as SETI @ home .	A master process sends tasks , across the Internet , to worker processors .	Workers execute , and report back a result .
+2	Below $ T_ { cu } $ a two-dimensional superconducting phase occurs in each TaC layer .	Ta $ _ { 2 } $ S $ _ { 2 } $ C compound undergoes superconducting transitions at $ T_ { cl } = 3.60 \pm 0.02 $ K and $ T_ { cu } = 9.0 \pm 0.2 $ K. The nature of successive superconducting transitions has been studied from electrical resistivity , linear and nonlinear AC magnetic susceptibilities .	The resistivity $ \rho $ at $ H $ = 0 shows a local maximum near $ T_ { cu } $ , a kink-like behavior around $ T_ { cl } $ , and reduces to zero at below $ T_ { 0 } $ = 2.1 K. The $ \ln T $ dependence of $ \rho $ is observed at $ H $ = 50 kOe at low temperatures , which is due to two-dimensional weak-localization effect .	The linear and nonlinear susceptibilities $ \chi_ { 1 } ^ { \prime\prime } $ , $ \chi_ { 3 } ^ { \prime } $ , $ \chi_ { 5 } ^ { \prime } $ , and $ \chi_ { 7 } ^ { \prime } $ as well as the difference $ \delta\chi $ ( $ = \chi_ { FC } - \chi_ { ZFC } $ ) between the FC and ZFC susceptibilities , start to appear below 6.0 K , the onset temperature of irreversibility .	A drastic growth of the in-plane superconducting coherence length below 6.0 K gives rise to a three-dimensional superconducting phase below $ T_ { cl } $ , through interplanar Josephson couplings between adjacent TaC layers .
+2	Simplest accelerating cosmologies are investigated and possibility of unified description of the inflation with dark energy is described .	We consider modified gravity which may describe the early-time inflation and/or late-time cosmic acceleration of the universe .	In particular , we discuss the properties of $ F ( R ) $ , $ F ( G ) $ , string-inspired and scalar-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravities , including their FRW equations and fluid or scalar-tensor description .	The cosmological reconstruction program which permits to get the requested universe evolution from modified gravity is developed .	As some extension , massive $ F ( R ) $ bigravity which is ghost-free theory is presented .
+2	Our model is of the same conceptional simplicity than the model of Held & amp ; Suarez ( 1994 ) and is thus computationally fast .	Radiative equilibrium temperatures are calculated for the troposphere of a tidally locked Super-Earth based on a simple greenhouse model , using Solar System data as a guideline .	These temperatures provide in combination with a Newtonian relaxation scheme thermal forcing for a 3D atmosphere model using the dynamical core of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology global circulation model ( MITgcm ) .	Furthermore , because of the coherent , general derivation of radiative equilibrium temperatures , our model is easily adaptable for different planets and atmospheric scenarios .	As a case study relevant for Super-Earths , we investigate a Gl581g-like planet with Earth-like atmosphere and irradiation and present results for two representative rotation periods of $ P_ { rot } $ = 10 days and $ P_ { rot } $ = 36.5 days .
+2	Placing a periodic grid of wires ( we use a square grid ) with known width and spacing in a pupil plane in front of the occulting coronagraphic focal plane mask produces fiducial images of the obscured star at known locations relative to the star .	We propose a solution to the problem of astrometric and photometric calibration of coronagraphic images with a simple optical device which , in theory , is easy to use .	Our design uses the Fraunhofer approximation of Fourier optics .	We also derive the intensity of these fiducial images in the coronagraphic image .	These calibrator images can be used for precise relative astrometry , to establish companionship of other objects in the field of view through measurement of common proper motion or common parallax , to determine orbits , and to observe disk structure around the star quantitatively .
+0	Some existing notions of redundancy among association rules allow for a logical-style characterization and lead to irredundant bases of absolutely minimum size .	One can push the intuition of redundancy further and find an intuitive notion of interest of an association rule , in terms of its `` novelty '' with respect to other rules .	Namely : an irredundant rule is so because its confidence is higher than what the rest of the rules would suggest ; then , one can ask : how much higher ?	We propose to measure such a sort of `` novelty '' through the confidence boost of a rule , which encompasses two previous similar notions ( confidence width and rule blocking , of which the latter is closely related to the earlier measure `` improvement '' ) .	Acting as a complement to confidence and support , the confidence boost helps to obtain small and crisp sets of mined association rules , and solves the well-known problem that , in certain cases , rules of negative correlation may pass the confidence bound .
+2	Moreover , we classify the regular subgroups of certain natural types for $ n\leq 4 $ .	This paper is a new contribution to the study of regular subgroups of the affine group $ AGL_n ( F ) $ , for any field $ F $ .	In particular we associate to any partition $ \lambda\neq ( 1^ { n+1 } ) $ of $ n+1 $ abelian regular subgroups in such a way that different partitions define non-conjugate subgroups .	Our classification is equivalent to the classification of split local algebras of dimension $ n+1 $ over $ F $ .	Our methods , based on classical results of linear algebra , are computer free .
+2	We then apply the equation to obtain a classification of biharmonic maps in a family of rotationally symmetric maps between 2-spheres .	Motivated by the rich theory of harmonic maps from a 2-sphere , we study biharmonic maps from a 2-sphere in this paper .	We first derive biharmonic equation for rotationally symmetric maps between rotationally symmetric 2-manifolds .	We also find many examples of proper biharmonic maps defined locally on a 2-sphere .	Our results seem to suggest that any biharmonic map $ S^2\longrightarrow ( N^n , h ) $ be a weakly conformal immersion .
+1	However , these applications deal with very low backgrounds and are very stringent on dark current requirements .	Thanks to their wavelength diversity and to their excellent uniformity , Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors ( QWIP ) emerge as potential candidates for astronomical or defense applications in the very long wavelength infrared ( VLWIR ) spectral domain .	In this paper , we present the full electro-optical characterization of a 15 micrometer QWIP , with emphasis on the dark current measurements .	Data exhibit striking features , such as a plateau regime in the IV curves at low temperature ( 4 to 25 K ) .	We show that present theories fail to describe this phenomenon and establish the need for a fully microscopic approach .
+4	Much more interestingly , we find exact Lorentz violating inflationary solutions in the absence of the inflaton potential .	We explore the impact of Lorentz violation on the inflationary scenario .	More precisely , we study the inflationary scenario in the scalar-vector-tensor theory where the vector is constrained to be unit and time like .	It turns out that the Lorentz violating vector affects the dynamics of the chaotic inflationary model and divides the inflationary stage into two parts ; the Lorentz violating stage and the standard slow roll stage .	We show that the universe is expanding as an exact de Sitter spacetime in the Lorentz violating stage although the inflaton field is rolling down the potential .
+1	This equation is related to the sG equation in the same way that the Camassa-Holm equation is related to the KdV equation .	We consider an integrable generalization of the sine-Gordon ( sG ) equation that was earlier derived by one of the authors using bi-Hamiltonian methods .	In this paper we : ( a ) Derive a Lax pair .	( b ) Use the Lax pair to solve the initial value problem on the line .	( c ) Analyze solitons .
+2	We try to address this issue in the framework of BIonic system .	Recently , it has been proposed by Padmanabhan that the difference between the number of degrees of freedom on the boundary surface and the number of degrees of freedom in a bulk region leads to the expansion of the universe .	Now , a natural question arises , how this model could explain the oscillation of universe between contraction and expansion branches ?	In this model , $ M0 $ -branes join to each other and give rise to a pair of $ M1 $ -anti- $ M1 $ -branes .	The fields which live on these branes play the roles of massive gravitons that cause the emergence of a wormhole between them and formation of a BIon system .
+2	When the OAM beams with an annular intensity distribution vertically incident , the far-field interference patterns depend on the phase difference of the light in the two pinholes .	We present a dynamic interferometry to measure the orbital angular momentum ( OAM ) of beams .	An opaque screen with two air slits is employed , which can be regarded as the Youngs double-pinhole interference .	We scan the angle between the two slits , the output intensity at center changes alternatively between darkness and brightness .	Utilizing this characteristic , we can measure the OAM of light .
+3	We make use of the description of composition algebras such as the octonions via a cochain $ F $ introduced in \cite { Ma99 } .	We introduce the notions of Hopf quasigroup and Hopf coquasigroup $ H $ generalising the classical notion of an inverse property quasigroup $ G $ expressed respectively as a quasigroup algebra $ k G $ and an algebraic quasigroup $ k [ G ] $ .	We prove basic results as for Hopf algebras , such as anti ( co ) multiplicativity of the antipode $ S : H\to H $ , that $ S^2=\id $ if $ H $ is commutative or cocommutative , and a theory of crossed ( co ) products .	We also introduce the notion of a Moufang Hopf ( co ) quasigroup and show that the coordinate algebras $ k [ S^ { 2^n-1 } ] $ of the parallelizable spheres are algebraic quasigroups ( commutative Hopf coquasigroups in our formulation ) and Moufang .	We construct an example $ k [ S^7 ] \rtimes\Z_2^3 $ of a Hopf coquasigroup which is noncommutative and non-trivially Moufang .
+4	The quantities studied include the surface tension , the action density profiles , roughening and the electric screening mass .	We study the detailed properties of Z_2 domain walls in the deconfined high temperature phase of the d=2+1 SU ( 2 ) gauge theory .	These walls are studied both by computer simulations of the lattice theory and by one-loop perturbative calculations .	The latter are carried out both in the continuum and on the lattice .	We find that leading order perturbation theory reproduces the detailed properties of these domain walls remarkably accurately even at temperatures where the effective dimensionless expansion parameter , g^2/T , is close to unity .
+0	We report the detection and localization of X-ray emitting ejecta in the middle-aged Galactic supernova remnant Puppis A using five observations with the Suzaku X-ray Imaging Spectrometer to survey the eastern and middle portions of the remnant .	A roughly 3 ' by 5 ' , double-peaked region in the north center is found to be highly enriched in Si and other elements relative to the rest of the remnant .	The X-ray fitted abundances are otherwise well below the solar values .	While the ejecta-enhanced regions show some variation of relative element abundances , there is little evidence for a very strong enhancement of one element over the others in the imaged portion of the remnant , except possibly for a region of O and Ne enhancement in the remnant 's south center .	There is no spatial correlation between the compact [ O III ] emitting ejecta knots seen optically and the abundance enhancements seen in X-rays , although they are located in the same vicinity .
+2	A compact formula is derived for the screened inter-quark potential in the presence of light dynamical quarks .	Nonperturbative QCD is studied with the dual Ginzburg-Landau theory , where color confinement is realized through the dual Higgs mechanism by QCD-monopole condensation .	We obtain a general analytic formula for the string tension .	The QCD phase transition at finite temperature is studied using the effective potential formalism .	The string tension and the QCD-monopole mass are largely reduced near the critical temperature , $ T_c $ .
+1	Magnetic and electric transport properties of the as-processed thin films reveal an abnormal behavior in the temperature dependent magnetization M ( T ) below the antiferrodistortive STO phase transition ( TSTO ) and also an anomaly in the magnetoresistance and electrical resistivity close to the same temperature .	Epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 ( LSMO ) thin films , with different thickness ranging from 20 nm up to 330 nm , were deposited on ( 100 ) -oriented strontium titanate ( STO ) substrates by pulsed laser deposition , and their structure and morphology characterized at room temperature .	Up to 100 nm LSMO thin films , an in-excess magnetization and pronounced changes in the coercivity are evidenced , achieved through the interface-mediated magnetoelastic coupling with antiferrodistortive domain wall movement occurring below TSTO .	Contrarily , for thicker LSMO thin films , above 100 nm , an in-defect magnetization is observed .	This reversed behavior can be understood within the emergence in the upper layer of the film , observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy , of a branched structure needed to relax elastic energy stored in the film which leads to randomly oriented magnetic domain reconstructions .
+1	First we solve an algebraic problem .	An affine hypersurface M is said to admit a pointwise symmetry , if there exists a subgroup G of Aut ( T_p M ) for all p in M , which preserves ( pointwise ) the affine metric h , the difference tensor K and the affine shape operator S. Here , we consider 3-dimensional indefinite affine hyperspheres , i.e.S= H Id ( and thus S is trivially preserved ) .	We determine the non-trivial stabilizers G of a traceless cubic form on a Lorentz-Minkowski space R^3_1 under the action of the isometry group SO ( 1,2 ) and find a representative of each SO ( 1,2 ) /G-orbit .	Since the affine cubic form is defined by h and K , this gives us the possible symmetry groups G and for each G a canonical form of K. Next , we classify hyperspheres admitting a pointwise G-symmetry for all non-trivial stabilizers G ( apart from Z_2 ) .	Besides well-known hyperspheres ( for Z_2 x Z_2 resp .
+4	In particular , the higher-lying low-temperature elementary spin excitations in Fe18 or AFM wheels in general are of discrete antiferromagnetic spin-wave character .	The low-temperature elementary spin excitations in the AFM molecular wheel Fe18 were studied experimentally by inelastic neutron scattering and theoretically by modern numerical methods , such as dynamical density matrix renormalization group or quantum Monte Carlo techniques , and analytical spin-wave theory calculations .	Fe18 involves eighteen spin-5/2 Fe ( III ) ions with a Hilbert space dimension of 10^14 , constituting a physical system that is situated in a region between microscopic and macroscopic .	The combined experimental and theoretical approach allowed us to characterize and discuss the magnetic properties of Fe18 in great detail .	It is demonstrated that physical concepts such as the rotational-band or L & amp ; E-band concepts developed for smaller rings are still applicable .
+3	Comparison with Monte-Carlo models of the initial state allows us to exclude several of these models .	We present a combined analysis of elliptic and triangular flow data from LHC and RHIC using viscous relativistic hydrodynamics .	Elliptic flow $ v_2 $ in hydrodynamics is proportional to the participant eccentricity $ \varepsilon_2 $ and triangular flow is proportional to the participant triangularity $ \varepsilon_3 $ , which means $ v_n=C_n\varepsilon_n $ , where $ C_n $ is the linear response coefficient in harmonic n. Experimental data for $ v_2 $ and $ v_3 $ combined with hydrodynamic calculations of $ C_n $ thus provide us with the rms values of initial anisotropies $ \varepsilon_2 $ and $ \varepsilon_3 $ .	By varying free parameters in the hydro calculation ( in particular the shear viscosity ) , we obtain an allowed band in the ( rms $ \varepsilon_2 $ , rms $ \varepsilon_3 $ ) plane .	We illustrate that the effect of changing the granularity of the initial state is similar to changing the medium properties , making these effects difficult to disentangle .
+3	Moreover , if $ E $ has some more properties , a similar result also holds for a more general kind of growth .	In this paper we shall consider the assymptotic growth of $ |P_n ( z ) |^ { 1/k_n } $ where $ P_n ( z ) $ is a sequence of entire functions of genus zero .	Our results extend a result of J. Muller and A. Yavrian .	We shall prove that if the sequence of entire functions has a geometric growth at each point in a set $ E $ being non-thin at $ \infty $ then it has a geometric growth in $ \CC $ also .	Even in the case where $ P_n $ are polynomials , our results are new in the sense that it does not require $ k_n\succeq deg ( P_n ) $ as usually required .
+3	Surface phonon-polariton coupling to the superatom then triggers the transfer of the excitation to a storage state , a single Rydberg atom .	We investigate a hybrid quantum system that consists of a superatom coupled to a surface phonon-polariton .	We apply this hybrid quantum system to subtract individual photons from a beam of light .	Rydberg atom blockade is used to attain absorption of a single photon by an atomic microtrap .	The approach utilizes the interaction between a superatom and a Markovian bath that acts as a controlled decoherence mechanism to irreversibly project the superatom state into a single Rydberg atom state that can be read out .
+2	In the present paper , we propose a novel method for constructing prediction intervals for the response variable in multivariate linear models .	Conformal predictors , introduced by Vovk et al .	( 2005 ) , serve to build prediction intervals by exploiting a notion of conformity of the new data point with previously observed data .	The main emphasis is on sparse linear models , where only few of the covariates have significant influence on the response variable even if their number is very large .	Our approach is based on combining the principle of conformal prediction with the $ \ell_1 $ penalized least squares estimator ( LASSO ) .
+3	In the case of quasi-2D granular materials , we assume limit-state stresses from Mohr-Coulomb plasticity and postulate that spots undergo biased random walks along slip-lines , driven by local stress imbalances .	In spite of many attempts to model dense granular flow , there is still no general theory capable of describing different types of flows , such as gravity-driven drainage in silos and wall-driven shear flows in Couette cells .	Here , we summarize our recent proposal of the Stochastic Flow Rule ( SFR ) , which is able to describe these cases in good agreement with experiments , and we focus on testing the theory in more detail against brute-force simulations with the discrete-element method ( DEM ) .	The SFR is a general rate-independent constitutive law for plastic flow , based on diffusing spots of fluidization .	We compare analytical predictions of the SFR against DEM simulations for silos and Couette cells , carrying out several parametric studies in the latter case , and find good agreement .
+2	Networks that involve some common users are named as multiple `` partially aligned networks '' .	Community detection in online social networks has been a hot research topic in recent years .	Meanwhile , to enjoy more social network services , users nowadays are usually involved in multiple online social networks simultaneously , some of which can share common information and structures .	In this paper , we want to detect communities of multiple partially aligned networks simultaneously , which is formally defined as the `` Mutual Clustering '' problem .	The `` Mutual Clustering '' problem is very challenging as it has two important issues to address : ( 1 ) how to preserve the network characteristics in mutual community detection ?
+3	Synthetic photometry has been used to determine zeropoints for all filters in 3 magnitude systems and to derive interstellar extinction values for the ACS photometric systems .	We present the photometric calibration of the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys ( ACS ) .	We give here an overview of the performance and calibration of the 2 CCD cameras , the Wide Field Channel ( WFC ) and the High Resolution Channel ( HRC ) , and a description of the best techniques for reducing ACS CCD data .	On-orbit observations of spectrophotometric standard stars have been used to revise the pre-launch estimate of the instrument response curves to best match predicted and observed count rates .	Due to the CCD internal scattering of long wavelength photons , the width of the PSF increases significantly in the near-IR and the aperture correction for photometry with near-IR filters depends on the spectral energy distribution of the source .
+0	The triplet Higgs model , which is an extension of the standard model with a weak-scale triplet Higgs boson , is capable of generating small neutrino masses naturally .	We investigate lepton flavor violation mediated by the triplet Higgs boson .	We stress that various neutrino mass patterns could be distinguished by measuring the lepton flavor violating processes .	\mu \to eee decay is significantly enhanced in the case of the degenerate masses or the inverted-hierarchical masses compared with that in the case of the hierarchical masses .	On the other hand , the \mu \to e \gamma rate and the \mu - e conversion ratio in nuclei is almost insensitive to the mass spectra .
+4	Small positive magnetoresistance in the semiconducting phase is measured .	Temperature dependent magneto-transport measurements in magnetic fields of up to 12 Tesla were performed on thin film vanadium dioxide ( VO2 ) across the metal-insulator transition ( MIT ) .	The Hall carrier density increases by 4 orders of magnitude at the MIT and accounts almost entirely for the resistance change .	The Hall mobility varies little across the MIT and remains low , ~0.1cm2/V sec .	Electrons are found to be the major carriers on both sides of the MIT .
+4	Thus , compatibility between the weak equivalence principle and quantum mechanics is recovered in the macroscopic limit of the latter .	The quantum analogue of Galileo 's leaning tower experiment is revisited using wave packets evolving under the gravitational potential .	We first calculate the position detection probabilities for particles projected upwards against gravity around the classical turning point and also around the point of initial projection , which exhibit mass dependence at both these points .	We then compute the mean arrival time of freely falling particles using the quantum probability current , which also turns out to be mass dependent .	The mass dependence of both the position detection probabilities and the mean arrival time vanish in the limit of large mass .
+2	We then look at two special types of actions , namely homogeneous actions and free actions .	These lecture notes , prepared for the summer school `` Topological quantum groups '' , Bedlewo 2015 , deal with aspects of the theory of actions of compact quantum groups on C*-algebras ( 'locally compact quantum spaces ' ) .	After going over the basic notions of isotypical components and reduced and universal completions , we look at crossed and smash product C*-algebras , up to the statement of the Takesaki-Takai-Baaj-Skandalis duality ( in the algebraic setting ) .	We study the actions which combine both types , the quantum torsors , and show that more generally any homogeneous action can be completed to a free action with a discrete , classical set of `quantum orbits ' .	We end with a combinatorial description of the homogeneous actions for the free orthogonal quantum groups .
+1	While the lower bound is optimal , not much more is known about the upper bound .	It has been recently shown that for a convex domain $ \Omega $ in $ \mathbb C^n $ and $ w\in\Omega $ the function $ F_\Omega ( w ) : =\big ( K_\Omega ( w ) \lambda ( I_\Omega ( w ) ) \big ) ^ { 1/n } $ , where $ K_\Omega $ is the Bergman kernel on the diagonal and $ I_\Omega ( w ) $ the Kobayashi indicatrix , satisfies $ 1\leq F_\Omega\leq 4 $ .	In general it is quite difficult to compute $ F_\Omega $ even numerically and the highest value of it obtained so far is $ 1.010182\dots $ In this paper we present precise , although rather complicated formulas for the ellipsoids $ \Omega=\ { |z_1|^ { 2m } +|z_2|^2 & lt ; 1\ } $ ( with $ m\geq 1/2 $ ) and all $ w $ , as well as for $ \Omega=\ { |z_1|+|z_2| & lt ; 1\ } $ and $ w $ on the diagonal .	The Bergman kernel for those ellipsoids had been known , the main point is to compute the volume of the Kobayashi indicatrix .	It turns out that in the second case the function $ \lambda ( I_\Omega ( w ) ) $ is not $ C^ { 3,1 } $ .
+1	That the final states of environment are completely determined by the initial states of the system allows that an easure operation can be realized by a swap operation between system and an ancilla .	We show that information in quantum memory can be erased and recovered perfectly if it is necessary .	Therefore , the erased information can be recoverd .	When there is an irreversible process , e.g.an irreversible operation or a decoherence process , in the erasure process , the information would be erased perpetually .	We present that quantum erasure will also give heat dissipation in environment .
+3	Although compositional theories of feedback do exist , they are limited either to deterministic systems ( functions ) or input-receptive systems ( total relations ) .	Feedback is an essential composition operator in many classes of reactive and other systems .	This paper studies feedback in the context of compositional theories with refinement .	Such theories allow to reason about systems on a component-by-component basis , and to characterize substitutability as a refinement relation .	In this work we propose a compositional theory of feedback which applies to non-deterministic and non-input-receptive systems ( e.g. , partial relations ) .
+2	The family includes Poisson , negative binomial , binomial and hypergeometric distributions .	The polynomial birth-death distribution ( abbr .	as PBD ) on $ \ci=\ { 0,1,2 , & gt ; ... \ } $ or $ \ci=\ { 0,1,2 , ... , m\ } $ for some finite $ m $ introduced in Brown & amp ; Xia ( 2001 ) is the equilibrium distribution of the birth-death process with birth rates $ \ { \alpha_i\ } $ and death rates $ \ { \beta_i\ } $ , where $ \a_i\ge0 $ and $ \b_i\ge0 $ are polynomial functions of $ i\in\ci $ .	In this paper , we give probabilistic proofs of various Stein 's factors for the PBD approximation with $ \a_i=a $ and $ \b_i=i+bi ( i-1 ) $ in terms of the Wasserstein distance .	The paper complements the work of Brown & amp ; Xia ( 2001 ) and generalizes the work of Barbour & amp ; Xia ( 2006 ) where Poisson approximation ( $ b=0 $ ) in the Wasserstein distance is investigated .
+2	In this work , we study the influence of pseudo-count and $ L_2 $ -norm regularization schemes on the quality of inferred Ising or Potts interaction networks from correlation data within the MF approximation .	Mean field ( MF ) approximation offers a simple , fast way to infer direct interactions between elements in a network of correlated variables , a common , computationally challenging problem with practical applications in fields ranging from physics and biology to the social sciences .	However , MF methods achieve their best performance with strong regularization , well beyond Bayesian expectations , an empirical fact that is poorly understood .	We argue , based on the analysis of small systems , that the optimal value of the regularization strength remains finite even if the sampling noise tends to zero , in order to correct for systematic biases introduced by the MF approximation .	Our claim is corroborated by extensive numerical studies of diverse model systems and by the analytical study of the $ m $ -component spin model , for large but finite $ m $ .
+0	We introduce a fluxonic metamaterial on the basis of nanopatterned superconducting Nb microstrips and employ it for modulation and synthesis of quantized loss levels in the lower GHz range by a sine-wave quasistatic ac drive .	The nanopatterns are uniaxial nanogrooves with identical and different slope steepness , which induce a pinning potential of the washboard type for Abrikosov vortices .	For the fundamental matching field , when the location of vortex rows geometrically matches the nanogrooves , the following effects are observed : The forward transmission coefficient $ S_ { 21 } ( f ) $ of the microstrips can be controllably modulated within a range of about $ 3 $ \ , dB by the ac current .	For the sample with symmetric grooves , depending on the choice of the operation point in the current-voltage curve , the shape and the duty cycle of the output signal can be tuned .	For the sample with asymmetric grooves , depending on the ac amplitude , a sine-to-triangular or a sine-to-rectangular pulse shape conversion is observed .
+4	However , in contrast to the traditional space , there is no Haar measure on $ \mathbb { R } \sqcup \mathbb { R } _ { \mathbb { Bohr } } $ defining a canonical kinematical $ L^2 $ -Hilbert space on which operators can be represented .	Projective structures have successfully been used for the construction of measures in the framework of loop quantum gravity .	In the present paper , we establish such structures for the configuration space $ \mathbb { R } \sqcup \mathbb { R } _ { \mathbb { Bohr } } $ , recently introduced in the context of homogeneous isotropic loop quantum cosmology .	In contrast to the traditional space $ \mathbb { R } _ { \mathbb { Bohr } } $ , the first one is canonically embedded into the quantum configuration space of the full theory .	In particular , for the embedding of states into a corresponding symmetric sector of loop quantum gravity , this is advantageous .
+0	Liquid may give strong cohesion properties to a granular medium , and confer a solid-like behavior .	We study the erosion of a fixed circular aggregate of wet granular matter subjected to a flow of dry grains inside a half-filled rotating drum .	During the rotation , the dry grains flow around the fixed obstacle .	We show that its diameter decreases linearly with time for low liquid content , as wet grains are pulled-out of the aggregate .	This erosion phenomenon is governed by the properties of the liquids .
+4	We find that these bursts exhibit the following interesting features : ( 1 ) At least 31 are from ( candidate ) ultracompact X-ray binaries in which the neutron star accretes hydrogen-deficient fuel , suggesting that these bursts indeed ignite in a helium-rich layer .	A small subset of thermonuclear X-ray bursts on neutron stars exhibit such a strong photospheric expansion that for a few seconds the photosphere is located at a radius r_ph & gt ; ~ 1000 km .	Such `superexpansions ' imply a large and rapid energy release , a feature characteristic of pure He burst models .	Previous calculations have shown that during a pure He burst , the freshly synthesized heavy-element ashes of burning can be ejected in a strong radiative wind and produce significant spectral absorption features .	We search the burst data catalogs and literature and find 32 superexpansion bursts .
+3	Different hadronic final states , defined by jets or individual hadrons , in deep-inelastic scattering are analysed and the corresponding results are compared to HERA data .	We extend the multi-purpose Monte-Carlo event generator Sherpa to include processes in deeply inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering .	Hadronic final states in this kinematical setting are characterised by the presence of multiple kinematical scales , which were up to now accounted for only by specific resummations in individual kinematical regions .	Using an extension of the recently introduced method for merging truncated parton showers with higher-order tree-level matrix elements , it is possible to obtain predictions which are reliable in all kinematical limits .	The various sources of theoretical uncertainties of the approach are discussed and quantified .
+1	The temperature dependence of the superfluid density obtained from the $ \mu $ SR relaxation-rate measurements indicates the presence of two superconducting gaps , $ \Delta_\text { 1 } \gg\Delta_\text { 2 } $ .	Using a combination of muon-spin relaxation ( $ \mu $ SR ) , inelastic neutron scattering ( INS ) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) , we investigated the novel iron-based superconductor with a triclinic crystal structure ( CaFe $ _ { 1-x } $ Pt $ _x $ As ) $ _ { 10 } $ Pt $ _3 $ As $ _8 $ ( T $ _ { \rm c } $ = 13 K ) , containing platinum-arsenide intermediary layers .	According to our INS measurements , commensurate spin fluctuations are centered at the ( $ \pi $ , 0 ) wave vector , like in most other iron arsenides .	Their intensity remains unchanged across T $ _\text { c } $ , indicating the absence of a spin resonance typical for many Fe-based superconductors .	Instead , we observed a peak in the spin-excitation spectrum around $ \hslash\omega_0=\ , $ 7 meV at the same wave vector , which persists above T $ _ { \rm c } $ and is characterized by the ratio $ \hslash\omega_0/k_\text { B } T_\text { c } \approx\ , $ 6.2 , which is significantly higher than typical values for the magnetic resonant modes in iron pnictides ( ~4.3 ) .
+3	Computations have demonstrated that the platform heterogeneity , allowing a very efficient use of the computational resources , can be considered a key feature for sustaining large computational loads .	The dynamics of a large stellar ( globular ) cluster containing N=128,000 stars has been simulated by a direct summation ( O ( N $ ^2 $ ) ) method by using a heterogeneous platform .	Preliminary simulations have been carried out on model systems with and without the presence , in their center of mass , of a black hole whose mass has been varied from 0.02 to 0.1 times the total mass of the cluster .	These simulations followed the evolution of the globular cluster in order to describe its dynamics over an interval of time sufficiently large respect to the internal crossing time .	Our results show that the massive object in the center of the cluster alters the surrounding star distribution very quickly ; the following evolution is much slower as it occurs via two-body collisional relaxation .
+4	We also provide a grid of AGN photoionization models using kappa-distributed electron energies .	We investigate the flux ratio between the 1335 A and 2326 A lines of singly ionized carbon in the extended narrow line regions of type 2 quasars at z~2.5 .	We find the observed CII 1335 / CII ] 2326 flux ratio , which is not sensitive to the C/H abundance ratio , to be often several times higher than predicted by the canonical AGN photoionization models that use solar metallicity and a Maxwell-Boltzmann electron energy distribution .	We study several potential solutions for this discrepancy : low gas metallicity , shock ionization , continuum fluorescence , and kappa-distributed electron energies .	Although we can not definitively distinguish between several of the proposed solutions , we argue that a kappa distribution gives the more natural explanation .
+3	Based on the matrix density , we describe this electron redistribution by means of a system of balance equations for electron concentrations .	We study the multistable behavior of the intersubband optical absorption for InSb-based tunnel coupled quantum wells .	We consider four sublevels coming from the Zeeman spin splitting of the two deepest levels , caused by a weak in-plane magnetic field .	Photoexcitation with an intense terahertz pump produces the redistribution of nonequilibrium electrons between the spin sublevels .	The redistribution produces a photoinduced self-consistent potential , giving rise to the renormalization of energy distance between levels .
+0	We investigate the connection between two classical models of phase transition phenomena , the ( discrete size ) stochastic Becker-D\ '' oring , a continous time Markov chain model , and the ( continuous size ) deterministic Lifshitz-Slyozov model , a nonlinear transport partial differential equation .	For general coefficients and initial data , we introduce a scaling parameter and prove that the empirical measure associated to the stochastic Becker-D\ '' oring system converges in law to the weak solution of the Lifshitz-Slyozov equation when the parameter goes to 0 .	Contrary to previous studies , we use a weak topology that includes the boundary of the state space ( \ie\ the size $ x=0 $ ) allowing us to rigorously derive a boundary value for the Lifshitz-Slyozov model in the case of incoming characteristics .	The condition reads $ \lim_ { x\to 0 } ( a ( x ) u ( t ) -b ( x ) ) f ( t , x ) = \alpha u ( t ) ^2 $ where $ f $ is the volume distribution function , solution of the Lifshitz-Slyozov equation , $ a $ and $ b $ the aggregation and fragmentation rates , $ u $ the concentration of free particles and $ \alpha $ a nucleation constant emerging from the microscopic model .	It is the main novelty of this work and it answers to a question that has been conjectured or suggested by both mathematicians and physicists .
+1	The database programming language is called SBQL ( Stack based query language ) .	In this paper we present the functionality of a currently under development database programming methodology called ODRA ( Object Database for Rapid Application development ) which works fully on the object oriented principles .	We discuss some concepts in ODRA for e.g.the working of ODRA , how ODRA runtime environment operates , the interoperability of ODRA with .net and java .A view of ODRA 's working with web services and xml .	Currently the stages under development in ODRA are query optimization .	So we present the prior work that is done in ODRA related to Query optimization and we also present a new fusion algorithm of how ODRA can deal with joins based on collections like set , lists , and arrays for query optimization .
+1	Many distributed search problems require identifying a rare and previously unseen event and producing a rapid response .	Distributed search problems are ubiquitous in Artificial Life ( ALife ) .	This challenge amounts to finding and removing an unknown needle in a very large haystack .	Traditional computational search models are unlikely to find , nonetheless , appropriately respond to , novel events , particularly given data distributed across multiple platforms in a variety of formats and sources with variable and unknown reliability .	Biological systems have evolved solutions to distributed search and response under uncertainty .
+2	The proof of the recurrence of such RWRE needs new estimates for quenched return probabilities of a one-dimensional recurrent RWRE .	This work is motivated by the study of some two-dimensional random walks in random environment ( RWRE ) with transition probabilities independent of one coordinate of the walk .	These are non-reversible models and can not be treated by electrical network techniques .	We obtained these estimates by constructing suitable valleys for the potential .	They imply that k independent walkers in the same one-dimensional ( recurrent ) environment will meet in the origin infinitely often , for any k. We also consider direct products of one-dimensional recurrent RWRE with another RWRE or with a RW .
+2	Therefore , the collision probability caused by orbit altitude difference in the radial direction and the collision probability caused by arrival time difference in the cross section are calculated respectively .	A method is developed to calculate collision probability in this paper .	Based on the encounter geometric features of space objects , it is reasonable to separate the radial orbital motions from that in the cross section for most encounter events in near circular orbit .	The net collision probability is expressed as an explicit expression by multiplying the above two components .	Numerical cases are applied to test this method by comparing the results with the general method .
+2	gave some classes of complete permutation polynomials over finite fields of even characteristic .	Permutation polynomials over finite fields have taken an important role in vast areas in mathematics as well as engineering .	Recently , Tu et al .	In this paper , we give some properties based on a work of Akbary et al .	With the help of the properties , we give extensions of Tu et el .
+3	We find that power-law inflation can be achieved in the renormalisation group fixed point regime with the trinomial potential , but not with the monomial one .	We study quantum corrections to Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology with a scalar field under the assumption that the dynamics are subject to renormalisation group improvement .	We use the Bianchi identity to relate the renormalisation group scale to the scale factor and obtain the improved cosmological evolution equations .	We study the solutions of these equations in the renormalisation group fixed point regime , obtaining the time-dependence of the scalar field strength and the Hubble parameter in specific models with monomial and trinomial quartic scalar field potentials .	We study the transition to the quasi-classical regime , where the quantum corrections to the couplings become small , and find classical dynamics as an attractor solution for late times .
+0	In two previous papers , we exposed a combinatorial approach to the program of Geometry of Interaction , a program initiated by Jean-Yves Girard .	The strength of our approach lies in the fact that we interpret proofs by simpler structures - graphs - than Girard 's constructions , while generalizing the latter since they can be recovered as special cases of our setting .	This third paper extends this approach by considering a generalization of graphs named graphings , which is in some way a geometric realization of a graph .	This very general framework leads to a number of new models of multiplicative-additive linear logic which generalize Girard 's geometry of interaction models and opens several new lines of research .	As an example , we exhibit a family of such models which account for second-order quantification without suffering the same limitations as Girard 's models .
+0	Only a few classes of quantum algorithms are known which provide a speed-up over classical algorithms .	However , these and any new quantum algorithms provide important motivation for the development of quantum computers .	In this article new quantum algorithms are given which are based on quantum state tomography .	These include an algorithm for the calculation of several quantum mechanical expectation values and an algorithm for the determination of polynomial factors .	These quantum algorithms are important in their own right .
+0	Social media is an area where users often experience censorship through a variety of means such as the restriction of search terms or active and retroactive deletion of messages .	In this paper we examine the feasibility of automatically detecting censorship of microblogs .	We use a network growing model to simulate discussion over a microblog follow network and compare two censorship strategies to simulate varying levels of message deletion .	Using topological features extracted from the resulting graphs , a classifier is trained to detect whether or not a given communication graph has been censored .	The results show that censorship detection is feasible under empirically measured levels of message deletion .
+0	We present a second-order Godunov algorithm for multidimensional , ideal MHD .	Our algorithm is based on the unsplit formulation of Colella ( J. Comput.Phys.vol .	87 , 1990 ) , with all of the primary dependent variables centered at the same location .	To properly represent the divergence-free condition of the magnetic fields , we apply a discrete projection to the intermediate values of the field at cell faces , and apply a filter to the primary dependent variables at the end of each time step .	We test the method against a suite of linear and nonlinear tests to ascertain accuracy and stability of the scheme under a variety of conditions .
+3	It is shown that the space of integrable Lagrange structures is naturally isomorphic to the space of weak Poisson brackets .	We study the groups of local BRST cohomology associated to the general systems of ordinary differential equations , not necessarily Lagrangian or Hamiltonian .	Starting with the involutive normal form of the equations , we explicitly compute certain cohomology groups having clear physical meaning .	These include the groups of global symmetries , conservation laws and Lagrange structures .	The last fact allows one to establish a direct link between the path-integral quantization of general not necessarily variational dynamics by means of Lagrange structures and the deformation quantization of weak Poisson brackets .
+2	We will also try to answer some additional questions that hopefully shed some light about the use of GS as a tool for assessing scientific impact through citations .	The study of highly cited documents on Google Scholar ( GS ) has never been addressed to date in a comprehensive manner .	The objective of this work is to identify the set of highly cited documents in Google Scholar and define their core characteristics : their languages , their file format , or how many of them can be accessed free of charge .	The decalogue of research questions is shown below : 1 .	Which are the most cited documents in GS ? 2 .
+3	Previous studies have been conducted to determine the most appropriate material and thickness of the energy degrader .	Tandem or Van de Graaff accelerator with an energy of 3-MeV is typically used for PIXE analysis .	In this study , the beam line design used in PIXE analysis was used to increase the production of isotopes instead of the typical low-energy accelerator from a 13-MeV cyclotron .	For PIXE analysis , the proton beam should be focused at the target through the use of a nozzle after degrading the proton beam energy from 13-MeV to 3-MeV using an energy degrader .	Based on the energy distribution of the degraded proton beam and the neutron occurrence rate at the degrader an aluminum nozzle of X thickness was determined to be the most appropriate nozzle construction .
+3	The sign of S changes from negative to positive at low temperatures for values of x & gt ; 0.01 .	The intermetallic perovskite MgCNi3 is a superconductor with a Tc=7 K. Substitution of Fe and Ru for Ni decreases Tc monotonically as the doping concentration is increased .	Here we report thermopower measurements , S ( T ) , on MgCNi3 , MgCNi3-xFex and MgCNi3-xRux .	For MgCNi3 , the thermopower is negative , - 12.5 mikroV/K , at 300 K. The absolute value of S decreases as x increases in MgCNi3-xFex and MgCNi3-xRux .	These data show that the carriers in MgCNi3 are electrons , and by increasing x and decreasing temperature , the participation of hole carriers clearly increases .
+1	We first revisit in a pedagogical way the single-channel case , where the supersymmetric approach is shown to provide a complete solution to the inverse-scattering problem .	The present status of the coupled-channel inverse-scattering method with supersymmetric transformations is reviewed .	A special emphasis is put on the differences between conservative and non-conservative transformations .	In particular , we show that for the zero initial potential , a non-conservative transformation is always equivalent to a pair of conservative transformations .	These single-channel results are illustrated on the inversion of the neutron-proton triplet eigenphase shifts for the S and D waves .
+4	This approach may be useful in other problems in which no determinantal structure is available , and also highlights the similarity between random partitions and random matrices .	In this paper , we study the asymptotic behavior of the first , second , and so on rows of stochastically decaying partitions .	We establish that , with appropriate scaling in time and length , the sequence of rows converges to the Airy $ _2 $ line ensemble .	This result was first established , in a more general setting , by Borodin and Olshanski \cite { BO } , who relied on the determinantal structure of the correlation functions .	Our argument is based on a different , combinatorial approach , developed by Okounkov \cite { Ok } .
+3	The results are therefore very interesting , if confirmed .	Pastewka & amp ; Robbins ( PNAS , 111 ( 9 ) , 3298-3303 , 2014 ) recently have proposed a criterion to distinguish when two surfaces will stick together or not , and suggested it shows a large conflict with asperity theories .	It is found that their criterion corresponds very closely to the Fuller and Tabor asperity model one when bandwidth { \alpha } is small , but otherwise involves a rms ampliture of roughness reduced by a factor Sqrt ( { \alpha } ) .	Therefore , it implies the stickiness of any rough surface is the same as that of the surface where practically all wavelength components of roughness are removed except the very fine ones , which is perhaps counterintuitive .	Possible sources of approximations are indicated , and a significant error is found in plotting the pull-off data which may improve the fit with Fuller and Tabor .
+4	This secondary star has the seeds for a powerful magnetic dynamo , and the suggestion was made that magnetic activity was the cause of the observed cyclic period changes .	Years to decade-long cyclic period changes have been observed in many classes of close binaries .	A common explanation invoked for these cyclic period changes is the gravitational influence of an unseen third body upon the close binary pair .	The effects of an unseen third body must be strictly periodic , and not all of these observed period variations match this prediction .	Douglas Hall noted almost 20 years ago that Algol binaries with cyclic period changes always had a convective , rapidly rotating secondary star .
+1	Our observations have resulted in the first detection of 321-GHz H2O maser action towards a symbiotic Mira - R Aqr .	We report high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of masers towards R Aqr and H1-36 , both of which are examples of the sub-class of symbiotic stars that contain a long-period Mira-type variable .	Comparison with simultaneous 22-GHz H2O maser data suggests the masers do not have the same properties as those in the circumstellar envelopes of field Miras .	R Aqr 's 22-/321-GHz peak flux density and luminosity ratios are low , as is the line-width ratio .	Continuum and spectral-line maps indicate that the 22-GHz maser and free-free emission are aligned .
+3	The latter result allows us to identify the energy scale associated with the pseudogap $ \Delta_ { PG } $ .	We investigate infrared manifestations of the pseudogap in the prototypical cuprate and pnictide superconductors : YBa2Cu3Oy and BaFe2As2 ( Ba122 ) systems .	We find remarkable similarities between the spectroscopic features attributable to the pseudogap in these two classes of superconductors .	The hallmarks of the pseudogap state in both systems include a weak absorption feature at about 500 cm-1 followed by a featureless continuum between 500 and 1500 cm-1 in the conductivity data and a significant suppression in the scattering rate below 700 - 900 cm-1 .	We find that in the Ba122-based materials the superconductivity-induced changes of the infrared spectra occur in the frequency region below 100 - 200 cm-1 , which is much lower than the energy scale of the pseudogap .
+2	This paper fills the gap between practice and theory by developing a basic convergence analysis of two stochastic momentum methods , namely stochastic heavy-ball method and the stochastic variant of Nesterov 's accelerated gradient method .	Recently , { \it stochastic momentum } methods have been widely adopted in training deep neural networks .	However , their convergence analysis is still underexplored at the moment , in particular for non-convex optimization .	We hope that the basic convergence results developed in this paper can serve the reference to the convergence of stochastic momentum methods and also serve the baselines for comparison in future development of stochastic momentum methods .	The novelty of convergence analysis presented in this paper is a unified framework , revealing more insights about the similarities and differences between different stochastic momentum methods and stochastic gradient method .
+0	We report $ ^ { 123 } $ Sb nuclear quadrupole resonance ( NQR ) measurements of the filled skutterudite heavy-fermion superconductor PrOs $ _4 $ Sb $ _ { 12 } $ under high pressures of 1.91 and 2.34 GPa .	The temperature dependence of NQR frequency and the spin-lattice relaxation rate $ 1/T_1 $ indicate that the crystal-electric-field splitting $ \Delta_ { \rm CEF } $ between the ground state $ \Gamma_1 $ singlet and the first excited state $ \Gamma_4^ { ( 2 ) } $ triplet decreases with increasing pressure .	The 1/ $ T_1 $ below $ T_c $ = 1.55 K at $ P $ = 1.91 GPa shows a power-law temperature variation and is proportional to $ T^5 $ at temperatures considerably below $ T_c $ , which indicates the existence of point nodes in the superconducting gap function .	The data can be well fitted by the gap model $ \Delta ( \theta ) =\Delta_0\sin\theta $ with $ \Delta_0 $ = 3.08 $ k_ { \rm B } T_ { \rm c } $ .	The relation between the superconductivity and the quadrupole fluctuations associated with the $ \Gamma_4^ { ( 2 ) } $ state is discussed .
+3	In order to keep up with this progress the |Delta S|=2-hamiltonian had to be obtained in the next-to-leading order ( NLO ) of renormalization group improved perturbation theory .	Todays key information on the shape of the unitarity triangle is obtained from the well-measured quantity epsilon_K characterizing the CP-violation in |Delta S|=2 transitions .	The phenomenological analysis requires the input of four key quantities : The magnitudes of the CKM elements V_cb and V_ub , the top quark mass and the non-perturbative parameter B_K .	In the recent years all of them have been determined with increasing precision .	I present the NLO results for the QCD coefficients eta_1 and eta_3 , which have been calculated by Stefan Herrlich and myself , and briefly sketch some aspects of the calculation .
+1	Given a unicuspidal rational plane curve C with singular point P , we study the unique pencil Lambda_C on the projective plane satisfying C is in Lambda_C and P is its unique base point .	A curve C in the projective plane is called non-negative if the self-intersection number of C after the minimal resolution of singularities of C is non-negative .	We show that the general member of Lambda_C is a rational curve if and only if the curve C is non-negative .	We also show that in such a case then Lambda_C has a dicritical of degree 1 .	Note that all currently known unicuspidal rational curves C in the projective plane are non-negative .
+4	A calibration of star formation rate for the starburst component in any source having [ CII ] is derived comparing [ CII ] luminosity L ( [ CII ] ) to L ( IR ) with the result that log SFR = log L ( [ CII ) ] ) - 7.08 +- 0.3 , for SFR in solar masses per year and L ( [ CII ] ) in solar luminosities .	Results are presented for [ CII ] 158 micron line fluxes observed with the Herschel PACS instrument in 112 sources with both starburst and AGN classifications , of which 102 sources have confident detections .	Results are compared with mid-infrared spectra from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer and with L ( IR ) from IRAS fluxes ; AGN/starburst classifications are determined from equivalent width of the 6.2 micron PAH feature .	It is found that the [ CII ] line flux correlates closely with the flux of the 11.3 micron PAH feature independent of AGN/starburst classification , log [ f ( [ CII ] 158 micron ) /f ( 11.3 micron PAH ) ] = -0.22 +- 0.25 .	It is concluded that [ CII ] line flux measures the photodissociation region associated with starbursts in the same fashion as the PAH feature .
+1	We have assumed that a single free-electron channel is incident on the structure and the scattering of electrons is solely from the geometric nature of the problem .	The paper considers the effect of the defects on the electronic transmission properties in binomially tailored waveguide quantum wires , in which each Dirac delta function potential strength have been weight on the binomial distribution law .	We have used the transfer matrix method to study the electron transmission .	We found this novel structure has a good defect tolerance .	We found the structure tolerate up to in strength defect and in position defect for the central Dirac delta function in the binomial distribution .
+1	The cells are updated synchronously and independently , according to a distribution depending on a finite neighborhood .	A probabilistic cellular automaton ( PCA ) can be viewed as a Markov chain .	We investigate the ergodicity of this Markov chain .	A classical cellular automaton is a particular case of PCA .	For a 1-dimensional cellular automaton , we prove that ergodicity is equivalent to nilpotency , and is therefore undecidable .
+4	Thus , the existing methods align similar nodes between networks hoping to conserve many edges ( after the alignment is constructed ! ) .	Biological network alignment aims to identify similar regions between networks of different species .	Existing methods compute node `` similarities '' to rapidly identify from possible alignments the `` high-scoring '' alignments with respect to the overall node similarity .	However , the accuracy of the alignments is then evaluated with some other measure that is different than the node similarity used to construct the alignments .	Typically , one measures the amount of conserved edges .
+0	Given a set $ { \cal R } =\ { R_1 , R_2 , ... , R_n\ } $ of $ n $ randomly positioned axis parallel rectangles in 2D , the problem of computing the minimum clique cover ( MCC ) and maximum independent set ( MIS ) for the intersection graph $ G ( { \cal R } ) $ of the members in $ \cal R $ are both computationally hard \cite { CC05 } .	For the MCC problem , it is proved that polynomial time constant factor approximation is impossible to obtain \cite { PT11 } .	Though such a result is not proved yet for the MIS problem , no polynomial time constant factor approximation algorithm exists in the literature .	We study the performance of greedy algorithms for computing these two parameters of $ G ( { \cal R } ) $ .	Experimental results shows that for each of the MCC and MIS problems , the corresponding greedy algorithm produces a solution that is very close to its optimum solution .
+3	Along the way , other exciting applications emerged , such as as quantum metrology , single-photon detection , tests of the foundations of quantum physics , device-independent quantum information processing and nonlinear processing of quantum information .	An optical quantum memory can be broadly defined as a system capable of storing a useful quantum state through interaction with light at optical frequencies .	During the last decade , intense research was devoted to their development , mostly with the aim of fulfilling the requirements of their first two applications , namely quantum repeaters and linear-optical quantum computation .	A better understanding of those requirements then motivated several different experimental approaches .	Here we review several prospective applications of optical quantum memories with a focus on recent experimental achievements pertaining to these applications .
+3	We determine the proper motions of the dusty blobs , which infer a new distance estimate of 1.3+-0.2 kpc , a total nebular size of 0.8 pc , a speed of 147 km/s , and a kinematical age of 2500 yr .	M 2-9 , the Butterfly nebula , is an outstanding representative of extreme aspherical flows .	It presents unique features such as a pair of high-velocity dusty polar blobs and a mirror-symmetric rotating pattern in the inner lobes .	Imaging monitoring of the evolution of the nebula in the past decade is presented .	The corkscrew geometry of the inner rotating pattern is quantified .
+0	We have carried out observations at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths towards VV Ser using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer and the Very Large Array .	This allows us to compute the SED from near infrared to centimeter wavelengths .	The modeling of the full SED has provided insight into the dust properties and a more accurate value of the disk mass .	The mass of dust in the disk around VV Ser is found to be about 4 10^ ( -5 ) Msun , i.e.400 times larger than previous estimates .	Moreoever , the SED can only be accounted for assuming dust stratification in the vertical direction across the disk .
+4	While both approximations satisfy the system size expansion of the master equation , the continuous distribution approximations become increasingly negative and tend to oscillations with increasing truncation order .	Master equations are common descriptions of mesoscopic systems .	Analytical solutions to these equations can rarely be obtained .	We here derive an analytical approximation of the time-dependent probability distribution of the master equation using orthogonal polynomials .	The solution is given in two alternative formulations : a series with continuous and a series with discrete support both of which can be systematically truncated .
+3	In addition , we show some non-obvious implications on the structure of solvable automorphism groups of compact Kaehler manifolds .	Let X be a compact Kaehler manifold of complex dimension n. Let G be a connected solvable subgroup of the automorphism group Aut ( X ) , and let N ( G ) be the normal subgroup of G of elements of null entropy .	One of the goals of this paper is to show that G/N ( G ) is a free abelian group of rank r ( G ) less than or equal to n-1 and that the rank estimate is optimal .	This gives an alternative proof of the conjecture of Tits type .	Furthermore , we also show that if the rank r ( G ) of the quotient group G/N ( G ) is equal to n-1 and the identity component Aut_0 ( X ) of Aut ( X ) is trivial , then N ( G ) is a finite set .
+4	By comparing synthetic and experimental shadowgrams we show that the generation of synthetic data is crucial for the correct interpretation of experiments .	Ultrafast shadowgraphy is a new experimental technique that uses few cycle laser pulses to image density gradients in a rapidly evolving plasma .	It enables structures that move at speeds close to the speed of light , such as laser driven wakes , to be visualized .	Here we study the process of shadowgraphic image formation during the propagation of a few cycle probe pulse transversely through a laser-driven wake using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations .	In order to construct synthetic shadowgrams a near-field snapshot of the ultrashort probe pulse is analyzed by means of Fourier optics , taking into account the effect of a typical imaging setup .
+1	This poses serious challenges in handling network conditions like congestion , and link or broker failures .	Acyclic overlays used in broker-based Publish/subscribe ( PS ) systems provide only one path for content-based routing between publishers and subscribers .	A cyclic overlay may provide multiple paths between publishers and subscribers ; however , there is always one subscription tree available for sending a notification to an interested subscriber , which makes content-based dynamic routing a difficult task .	This paper introduces a structured cyclic topology that provides multiple paths between publishers and subscribers .	The subscription forwarding algorithm exploits the structured nature of the proposed overlay topology and uses a clustering technique to generate shortest-lengths subscription trees without generating duplicate messages .
+4	We present some applications and the results of our computational experiments .	We consider a property of positive polynomials on a compact set with a small perturbation .	When applied to a Polynomial Optimization Problem ( POP ) , the property implies that the optimal value of the corresponding SemiDefinite Programming ( SDP ) relaxation with sufficiently large relaxation order is bounded from below by $ ( f^\ast - \epsilon ) $ and from above by $ f^\ast + \epsilon ( n+1 ) $ , where $ f^\ast $ is the optimal value of the POP .	We propose new SDP relaxations for POP based on modifications of existing sums-of-squares representation theorems .	An advantage of our SDP relaxations is that in many cases they are of considerably smaller dimension than those originally proposed by Lasserre .
+3	Remarkably , this leads to a pure steady state in which pairs of neighboring spins form dimers that decouple from the remainder of the chain .	We consider the non-equilibrium dynamics of a driven dissipative spin chain with chiral coupling to a 1D bosonic bath , and its atomic implementation with a two-species mixture of cold quantum gases .	The reservoir is represented by a spin-orbit coupled 1D quasi-condensate of atoms in a magnetized phase , while the spins are identified with motional states of a separate species of atoms in an optical lattice .	The chirality of reservoir excitations allows the spins to couple differently to left and right moving modes , which in our atomic setup can be tuned from bidirectional to purely unidirectional .	Our results also apply to current experiments with two-level emitters coupled to photonic waveguides .
+0	Recently in ( Phys.Rev .	D 76 , 087502 ( 2007 ) and Phys.Rev .	D 77 , 089903 ( E ) ( 2008 ) ) a thin-shell wormhole has been introduced in 5-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet ( EMGB ) gravity which was supported by normal matter .	We wish to consider this solution and investigate its stability .	Our analysis shows that for the Gauss-Bonnet ( GB ) parameter $ \alpha & lt ; 0 , $ stability regions form for a narrow band of finely-tuned mass and charge .
+4	The present article first focuses on the classical solutions of the critical states of localization instability of a system of cooling or shrinkage cracks and shows that these solutions can be transferred to the system of hydraulic cracks .	Although spectacular advances in hydraulic fracturing , aka fracking , have taken place and many aspects are well understood by now , the topology , geometry and evolution of the crack system hydraulically produced in the shale still remains an enigma .	Expert opinions differ widely and fracture mechanicians must wonder why fracking works .	Fracture mechanics of individual pressurized cracks has recently been clarified but the vital problem of stability of interacting hydraulic cracks escaped attention .	Progress in this regard would likely allow optimization of fracking and reduction of environmental footprint .
+1	To simulate the boundary conditions of such magnets as well as the temperature dependence of CORC cables a 1.16 m long sample consisting of 15 , 4 mm wide SuperPower REBCO tapes was characterized using the 'FBI ' ( force-field-current ) superconductor test facility .	The conductor on round core ( CORC ) cable is one of the major high temperature superconductor cable concepts combining scalability , flexibility , mechanical strength , ease of fabrication and high current density ; making it a possible candidate as conductor for large , high field magnets .	In a five step investigation , the CORC cable 's performance was determined at different transverse mechanical loads , magnetic background fields and temperatures as well as its response to swift current changes .	In the first step , the sample 's 77 K , self-field current was measured in a liquid nitrogen bath .	In the second step , the temperature dependence was measured at self-field condition and compared with extrapolated single tape data .
+3	For both single crystals with and without the resistivity anomaly , the residual linear term $ \kappa_0/T $ is negligible in zero magnetic field .	We report resistivity $ \rho $ and thermal conductivity $ \kappa $ measurements on Ca $ _3 $ Ir $ _4 $ Sn $ _ { 13 } $ single crystals , in which superconductivity with $ T_c \approx 7 $ K was claimed to coexist with ferromagnetic spin-fluctuations .	Among three crystals , only one crystal shows a small hump in resistivity near 20 K , which was previously attributed to the ferromagnetic spin-fluctuations .	Other two crystals show the $ \rho \sim T^2 $ Fermi-liquid behavior at low temperature .	In low fields , $ \kappa_0 ( H ) /T $ shows a slow field dependence .
+2	In this paper , we discuss the maximum entropy properties of this prior .	The first order stable spline ( SS-1 ) kernel is used extensively in regularized system identification .	In particular , the stable spline estimator models the impulse response as a zero-mean Gaussian process whose covariance is given by the SS-1 kernel .	In particular , we formulate the exact maximum entropy problem solved by the SS-1 kernel without Gaussian and uniform sampling assumptions .	Under general sampling schemes , we also explicitly derive the special structure underlying the SS-1 kernel ( e.g.characterizing the tridiagonal nature of its inverse ) , also giving to it a maximum entropy covariance completion interpretation .
+3	Remarkable relations between apparently different conformal field theories ( CFTs ) are thereby obtained .	We compare the critical multipoint correlation functions for two-dimensional ( massless ) Dirac fermions in the presence of a random su ( N ) ( non-Abelian ) gauge potential , obtained by three different methods .	We critically reexamine previous results obtained using the replica approach and in the limit of infinite disorder strength and compare them to new results ( presented here ) obtained using the supersymmetric approach to the N=2 case .	We demonstrate that this menage a trois of different approaches leads to identical results .	We further establish a connection between the random Dirac fermion problem and the c=-2 theory of dense polymers .
+0	Redshifted L $ \alpha $ absorption toward $ \alpha $ Cen has been interpreted by Linsky & amp ; Wood ( 1996 ) and Frisch et al .	( 1996 ) as evidence for decelerated interstellar hydrogen piled up on the upstream side of the heliosphere .	We utilize newly developed two-dimensional multi-fluid models of the solar wind interaction with the ISM to corroborate this interpretation by synthesizing the L $ \alpha $ absorption profile predicted for this `` hydrogen wall '' .	Both subsonic and supersonic inflow into the heliosphere are considered , corresponding to one-shock and two-shock global morphologies , respectively .	It is found that these two extremes give observably different redward absorption characteristics in the L $ \alpha $ profiles , and our preliminary conclusion is that the L $ \alpha $ profiles seen toward $ \alpha $ Cen favor a barely subsonic model ( Mach number 0.9 ) .
+2	To this end , we propose a penalized log-likelihood estimator where the penalty function is constructed in a non-asymptotic context following the works of L. Birg\'e and P. Massart .	We consider the segmentation problem of Poisson and negative binomial ( i.e.overdispersed Poisson ) rate distributions .	In segmentation , an important issue remains the choice of the number of segments .	The resulting estimator is proved to satisfy an oracle inequality .	The performances of our criterion is assessed using simulated and real datasets in the RNA-seq data analysis context .
+2	We study the effect of optical lattice potentials , as experimentally applied , on the condensed fraction of a non-interacting Bose gas in local thermal equilibrium at finite temperatures .	In current experiments with cold quantum gases in periodic potentials , interference fringe contrast is typically the easiest signal in which to look for effects of non-trivial many-body dynamics .	In order better to calibrate such measurements , we analyse the background effect of thermal decoherence as it occurs in the absence of dynamical interparticle interactions .	We show that the experimentally observed decrease of the condensate fraction in the presence of the lattice can be attributed , up to a threshold lattice height , purely to ideal gas thermodynamics ; conversely we confirm that sharper decreases in first-order coherence observed in stronger lattices are indeed attributable to many-body physics .	Our results also suggest that the fringe visibility 'kinks ' observed in F.Gerbier et al. , Phys.Rev.Lett .
+4	To the best of our knowledge , these are the first such constructive bounds proven .	$ \delta $ -hyperbolic graphs , originally conceived by Gromov in 1987 , include non-trivial interesting classes of `` non-expander '' graphs ; for fixed $ \delta $ , such graphs are simply called hyperbolic graphs .	Our goal in this paper is to study the effect of the hyperbolicity measure $ \delta $ on expansion and cut-size bounds on graphs ( here $ \delta $ need not be a constant , i.e. , the graph is not necessarily hyperbolic ) , and investigate up to what values of $ \delta $ these results could provide improved approximation algorithms for related combinatorial problems .	To this effect , we provide the following results .	( a ) We provide constructive bounds on node expansions and cut-sizes for $ \delta $ -hyperbolic graphs as a function of $ \delta $ , and show that witnesses for such non-expansion or cut-size can be computed efficiently in polynomial time .
+2	The relative displacement between the interfering wave packets in such open interferometers leads to a fringe pattern in the density profile at each exit port and a loss of contrast in the oscillations of the integrated particle number as a function of the phase shift .	Long-time atom interferometry is instrumental to various high-precision measurements of fundamental physical properties , including tests of the equivalence principle .	Due to rotations and gravity gradients , the classical trajectories characterizing the motion of the wave packets for the two branches of the interferometer do not close in phase space , an effect which increases significantly with the interferometer time .	Paying particular attention to gravity gradients , we present a simple mitigation strategy involving small changes in the timing of the laser pulses which is very easy to implement .	A useful representation-free description of the state evolution in an atom interferometer is introduced and employed to analyze the loss of contrast and mitigation strategy in the general case .
+3	This method will use bioinformatics techniques like FASTA , CLUSTALW , etc which shows whether malignant mutations or not , then training the backpropagation algorithm using all expected malignant mutations for a certain genes ( e.g.BRCA1 and BRCA2 ) of disease , and using it to test whether patient is holder the disease or not .	Cancer is one of the most feared diseases in the world it has increased disturbingly and breast cancer occurs in one out of eight women , the prediction of malignancies plays essential roles not only in revealing human genome , but also in discovering effective prevention and treatment of cancers .	Generally cancer disease driven by somatic mutations in an individual DNA sequence , or genome that accumulates during the lifetime of person .	This paper is proposed a novel method can predict the disease by mutations despite The presence in gene sequence is not necessary it are malignant , so will be compare the protein of patient with the gene 's protein of disease if there is difference between these two proteins then can say there is malignant mutations .	Implementing this novel method as the first way to predict the disease based on mutations in the sequence of the gene that causes the disease shows two decisions are achieved successfully , the first diagnose whether the patient has mutations of cancer or not using bioinformatics techniques the second classifying these mutations are related to breast cancer ( e.g.BRCA1 and BRCA2 ) using backpropagation with mean square rate 0.0000001 .
+4	The associated Higgs field is a tetrad gravitational field $ h $ represented by a global section of the quotient $ \Si $ of $ LX $ by $ SO ( 3,1 ) $ .	{ \it If gravity is a metric field by Einstein , it is a Higgs field . }	Gravitation theory meets spontaneous symmetry breaking in accordance with the Equivalence Principle reformulated in the spirit of Klein-Chern geometries of invariants .	In gravitation theory , the structure group of the principal linear frame bundle $ LX $ over a world manifold $ X^4 $ is reducible to the connected Lorentz group $ SO ( 3,1 ) $ .	The physical underlying reason of this reduction is Dirac fermion matter possessing only exact Lorentz symmetries .
+0	A prediction of the galaxy cluster cooling flow model is that as gas cools from the ambient cluster temperature , emission lines are produced in gas at subsequently decreasing temperatures .	Gas passing through 10^5.5 K emits in the lines of OVI 1032,1035 , and here we report a FUSE study of these lines in three cooling flow clusters , Abell 426 , Abell 1795 , and AWM 7 .	No emission was detected from AWM 7 , but OVI is detected from the centers of Abell 426 and Abell 1795 , and possibly to the south of the center in Abell 1795 , where X-ray and optical emission line filaments lie .	In Abell 426 , these line luminosities imply a cooling rate of 32+/-6 Msolar/yr within the central r = 6.2 kpc region , while for Abell 1795 , the central cooling rate is 26+/-7 Msolar/yr ( within r = 22 kpc ) , and about 42+/-9 Msolar/yr including the southern pointing .	Including other studies , three of six clusters have OVI emission , and they also have star formation as well as emission lines from 1E4 K gas .
+0	It has been the standard teaching of today that backward stability analysis is taught as absolute , just as in Newtonian physics time is taught absolute time .	We will prove it is not true in general .	It depends on algorithms .	We will prove that forward and mixed stability anlaysis are absolutely invalid stability analysis in the sense that they have absolutely wrong reference points for detecting huge element growth of any algoritms ( if any ) , even an `` ideal '' or `` desirable '' backward stability analysis is not so `` ideal '' or `` desirable '' in general .	Any of forward stable , backward stable and mixed stable algorihms as in Demmel , Kahan , Parlett and other 's papers and text books , see Demmel ( 6 ) and Higham ( 8 ) may not be really stable at all because they may fail to detect and expose any potential instabilities of the algorithm in corresponding stability analysis .
+2	The bulk velocity of the plasma , computed in the framework of the LambdaCDM scenario , feeds back into the evolution of the magnetic power spectra leading to a ( nonlocal ) master equation valid in Fourier space and similar to the ones discussed in the context of wave turbulence .	The adiabatic inhomogeneities of the scalar curvature lead to a compressible flow affecting the dynamics of the hydromagnetic nonlinearities .	The influence of the plasma on the evolution of a putative magnetic field is explored with the aim of obtaining an effective description valid for sufficiently large scales .	Conversely , in physical space , the magnetic power spectra obey a Schroedinger-like equation whose effective potential depends on the large-scale curvature perturbations .	Explicit solutions are presented both in physical space and in Fourier space .
+4	There is also an exponential variant of this analysis which includes the circular ensembles of NxN unitary matrices .	Orthogonal polynomial random matrix models of NxN hermitian matrices lead to Fredholm determinants of integral operators with kernel of the form ( phi ( x ) psi ( y ) - psi ( x ) phi ( y ) ) /x-y .	This paper is concerned with the Fredholm determinants of integral operators having kernel of this form and where the underlying set is a union of open intervals .	The emphasis is on the determinants thought of as functions of the end-points of these intervals .	We show that these Fredholm determinants with kernels of the general form described above are expressible in terms of solutions of systems of PDE 's as long as phi and psi satisfy a certain type of differentiation formula .
+1	We found that this is strictly correct only for vanishingly small perturbations .	According to the Landau criterion for superfluidity , a Bose-Einstein condensate flowing with a group velocity smaller than the sound velocity is energetically stable to the presence of perturbing potentials .	The superfluid critical velocity strongly depends on the strength and shape of the defect .	We quantitatively study , both numerically and with an approximate analytical model , the dynamical response of a one-dimensional condensate flowing against an istantaneously raised spatially periodic defect .	We found that the critical velocity $ v_c $ decreases by incresing the strength of the defect $ V_0 $ , up to to a critical value of the defect intensity where the critical velocity vanishes .
+4	Then , what are the properties of weak values for the unavoidable measurement associated to decoherence , the one performed by the environment ?	In quantum physics , measurement results are random but their statistics can be predicted assuming some knowledge about the system in the past .	Additional knowledge from a future measurement deeply changes the statistics in the present and leads to purely quantum features .	In particular conditioned average outcomes of a weak measurement , so-called weak values , were shown to go beyond the conventional range , give a way to directly measure complex quantities , and can be used to enhance the sensitivity of quantum meters .	Recently , these concepts have been considered in the general case of open quantum systems where decoherence occurs .
+2	Their analytical property leads to the non-linear integral equations which describe the free energy and the correlation length at any finite temperatures .	The thermodynamic Bethe ansatz ( TBA ) and the excited state TBA equations for an integrable spin chain related to the Lie superalgebra osp ( 1|2 ) are proposed by the quantum transfer matrix ( QTM ) method .	We introduce the fusion hierarchy of the QTM and derive the functional relations among them ( T-system ) and their certain combinations ( Y-system ) .	With regard to the free energy , they coincide with the TBA equation ( math-ph/9911010 , Mod.Phys.Lett .	A , 14 , 2427 ( 1999 ) ) based on the string hypothesis .
+0	We study the thermodynamics of a model of pancake vortices in layered superconductors .	The model is based on the effective pair potential for the pancake vortices derived from the London approximation of a version of the Lawrence-Doniach model which is valid for extreme type-II superconductors .	Using the hypernetted-chain ( HNC ) approximation , we find that there is a temperature below which multiple solutions to the HNC equations exist .	By explicitly evaluating the free energy for each solution we find that the system undergoes a first-order transition between two vortex liquid phases .	The low-temperature phase has larger correlations along the field direction than the high-temperature phase .
+3	This extraordinarily broad wavelength coverage will enable spectral differential imaging down to angular separations of a few $ \lambda/D $ , corresponding to $ \sim $ $ 0.\ ! \ ! ''1 $ .	We describe the expected scientific capabilities of CHARIS , a high-contrast integral-field spectrograph ( IFS ) currently under construction for the Subaru telescope .	CHARIS is part of a new generation of instruments , enabled by extreme adaptive optics ( AO ) systems ( including SCExAO at Subaru ) , that promise greatly improved contrasts at small angular separation thanks to their ability to use spectral information to distinguish planets from quasistatic speckles in the stellar point-spread function ( PSF ) .	CHARIS is similar in concept to GPI and SPHERE , on Gemini South and the Very Large Telescope , respectively , but will be unique in its ability to simultaneously cover the entire near-infrared $ J $ , $ H $ , and $ K $ bands with a low-resolution mode .	SCExAO will also offer contrast approaching $ 10^ { -5 } $ at similar separations , $ \sim $ $ 0.\ ! \ ! ''1 $ -- $ 0.\ ! \ ! ''2 $ .
+4	We predict that the Kondo temperature has only almost linear dependence on $ E_R $ and not an exponential increase with $ E_R $	We have studied the two-dimensional two-impurity Anderson model with additional Rashba spin-orbit interaction by means of the modified perturbation theory .	The impurity Green 's functions we have constructed exactly reproduce the first four spectral moments .	We discuss the height and the width of the even/odd Kondo peaks as functions of the inter-impurity distance and the Rashba energy $ E_R $ ( the strength of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction ) .	For small impurity separations the Kondo temperature shows a non-monotonic dependence on $ E_R $ being different in the even and the odd channel .
+2	Five of these bursts require an additional photospheric component ( blackbody ) .	It has been suggested that the prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts consists of several components giving rise to the observed spectral shape .	Here we examine a sample of the 8 brightest , single pulsed { \it Fermi } bursts whose spectra are modelled by using synchrotron emission as one of the components .	In particular , we investigate the inferred properties of the jet and the physical requirements set by the observed components for these five bursts , in the context of a baryonic dominated outflow , motivated by the strong photospheric component .	We find similar jet properties for all five bursts : the bulk Lorentz factor decreases monotonously over the pulses and lies between 1000 and 100 .
+1	In order to accomplish this , parameter which assists in reducing the consumption of power from battery need to be attended to .	Sensors used in applications such as agriculture , weather , etc. , monitoring physical parameters like soil moisture , temperature , humidity , will have to sustain their battery power for long intervals of time .	One of the factors affecting the consumption of energy is transmit and receive power .	This energy consumption can be reduced by avoiding unnecessary transmission and reception .	Efficient routing techniques and incorporating aggregation whenever possible can save considerable amount of energy .
+4	Since neutrinos are the least detectable Standard Model particles , a limit on their flux conservatively bounds the dark matter total self-annihilation cross section from above .	In the indirect detection of dark matter through its annihilation products , the signals depend on the square of the dark matter density , making precise knowledge of the distribution of dark matter in the Universe critical for robust predictions .	Many studies have focused on regions where the dark matter density is greatest , e.g. , the Galactic Center , as well as on the cosmic signal arising from all halos in the Universe .	We focus on the signal arising from the whole Milky Way halo ; this is less sensitive to uncertainties in the dark matter distribution , and especially for flatter profiles , this halo signal is larger than the cosmic signal .	We illustrate this by considering a dark matter model in which the principal annihilation products are neutrinos .
+3	These downflows are increasing with decreasing height .	We have obtained high resolution spectrograms of small scale magnetic structures with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope .	We present Doppler measurements at $ 0\farcs { 2 } $ spatial resolution of bright points , ribbons and flowers and their immediate surroundings , in the C { \small { I } } 5380.3 { \AA } line ( formed in the deep photosphere ) and the two Fe { \small { I } } lines at 5379.6 { \AA } and 5386.3 { \AA } .	The velocity inside the flowers and ribbons are measured to be almost zero , while we observe downflows at the edges .	We also analyze realistic magneto-convective simulations to obtain a better understanding of the interpretation of the observed signal .
+3	Further , we construct the Born-Infeld analogues of the anti-warped solutions and determine the domain of existence of these solutions , while a analytic argument leads us to a `` no-go '' hypothesis : solutions which localise gravity do NOT exist in a 6 dimensional Einstein-Born-Infeld-Abelian-Higgs ( EBIAH ) brane world scenario .	We study Born-Infeld strings in a six dimensional brane world scenario recently suggested by Giovannini , Meyer and Shaposhnikov ( GMS ) .	In the limit of the Einstein-Abelian-Higgs model , we classify the solutions found by GMS .	Especially , we point out that the warped solutions , which lead to localisation of gravity , are the - by the presence of the cosmological constant - deformed inverted string solutions .	This latter hypothesis is confirmed by our numerical results .
+3	A transition to a system where quarks can migrate between solitons is found .	An infinite system of nonlocal , individually confining solitons is considered as a model of high-density nuclear matter .	The soliton-lattice problem is discussed in the Wigner-Seitz approximation .	The cell size is varied to study the density dependence of physical quantities of interest .	We argue that this signals quark deconfinement .
+3	By embedding Gaussian manifold into a vector space , we show that the simple incorporation of our CLM into a linear classifier achieves very competitive accuracy compared with state-of-the-art BoF methods ( e.g. , Fisher Vector ) .	The bag-of-features ( BoF ) model for image classification has been thoroughly studied over the last decade .	Different from the widely used BoF methods which modeled images with a pre-trained codebook , the alternative codebook free image modeling method , which we call Codebookless Model ( CLM ) , attracted little attention .	In this paper , we present an effective CLM that represents an image with a single Gaussian for classification .	Since our CLM lies in a high dimensional Riemannian manifold , we further propose a joint learning method of low-rank transformation with support vector machine ( SVM ) classifier on the Gaussian manifold , in order to reduce computational and storage cost .
+0	Born-Infeld theory is the non-linear generalization of Maxwell electrodynamics .	It naturally arises as the low-energy effective action of open strings , and it is also part of the world-volume effective action of D-branes .	The N=1 and N=2 supersymmetric generalizations of the Born-Infeld action are closely related to partial spontaneous breaking of rigid extended supersymmetry .	We review some remarkable features of the Born-Infeld action and outline its supersymmetric generalizations in four dimensions .	The non-abelian N=1 supersymmetric extension of the Born-Infeld theory and its N=1 supergravitational avatars are given in superspace .
+2	Here , we investigate the signature caused by multiple scatterings at lowest order of the electron temperature .	Future high-resolution , high-sensitivity Sunyaev-Zeldovich ( SZ ) observations of individual clusters will allow us to study the dynamical state of the intra cluster medium ( ICM ) .	To exploit the full potential of this new observational window , it is crucial to understand the different contributions to the total SZ signal .	Previous analytic discussions of this problem used the isotropic scattering approximation ( ISA ) , which even for the simplest cluster geometries is rather rough .	We take a step forward and consistently treat the anisotropy of the ambient radiation field caused by the first scattering .
+0	Using a nonperturbative method based on asymptotic behaviour of Wilson loops we calculate masses of glueballs and corresponding Regge-trajectories .	The method contains no fitting parameters and the mass scale is fixed by the meson Regge slope .	Theoretical predictions for lowest glueball states are in a perfect agreement with lattice results .	The leading glueball trajectory and its relation to the Pomeron is discussed in details .	Important role of mixing between glueball and q\bar q trajectories is emphasized .
+1	First , we describe a polynomial-time algorithm that uses macros to generate plans for the class 3S of planning problems with binary state variables and acyclic causal graphs .	We present three new complexity results for classes of planning problems with simple causal graphs .	This implies that plan generation may be tractable even when a planning problem has an exponentially long minimal solution .	We also prove that the problem of plan existence for planning problems with multi-valued variables and chain causal graphs is NP-hard .	Finally , we show that plan existence for planning problems with binary state variables and polytree causal graphs is NP-complete .
+4	This model is a prototype for glassy dynamics .	This lecture deals with glassy dynamics and aging in disordered systems .	Special emphasis is put on dynamic mean field theory .	In the first part I present some of the systems of interest , in particular spin-glasses , supercooled liquids and glasses , drift , creep and pinning of a particle in a random potential , neural networks , graph partitioning as an example of combinatorial optimisation , the K-sat problem and the minority game as a model for the behaviour of agents on markets .	The second part deals with the dynamics of the spherical p-spin-glass with long ranged interactions .
+0	Thermal instability is examined for advection-dominated one-temperature accretion disks .	We consider axisymmetric perturbations with short wavelength in the radial direction .	The viscosity is assumed to be sufficiently small for the vertical hydrostatic balance to hold in perturbed states .	The type of viscosity is given either by the $ \alpha $ -viscosity or by a diffusion-type stress tensor .	Optically thick disks are found to be in general more unstable than optically thin ones .
+4	We have also performed a geometrical diagnostic by using the statefinder pairs $ \ { s , r\ } $ and $ \ { q , r\ } $ in order to differentiate between different dark energy models .	A solution to the coincidence and Big Rip problems on the bases of an anisotropic space-time is proposed .	To do so , we study the interaction between viscous dark energy and dark matter in the scope of the Bianchi type-I Universe .	We parameterize the viscosity and the interaction between the two fluids by constants $ \zeta_ { 0 } $ and $ \sigma $ respectively .	A detailed investigation on the cosmological implications of this parametrization has been made .
+4	We estimate these parameters , together with the kernel hyperparameter and the noise variance , using an empirical Bayes approach .	We propose a new method for blind system identification .	Resorting to a Gaussian regression framework , we model the impulse response of the unknown linear system as a realization of a Gaussian process .	The structure of the covariance matrix ( or kernel ) of such a process is given by the stable spline kernel , which has been recently introduced for system identification purposes and depends on an unknown hyperparameter .	We assume that the input can be linearly described by few parameters .
+4	Although this has been observed for neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries that undergo accretion episodes of years to decades , it is the first time that evidence for crustal heating is detected for a transient system with a regular outburst duration of weeks .	We report on a Chandra Director 's Discretionary Time observation of the globular cluster Terzan 5 , carried out ~7 weeks after the cessation of the 2010 outburst of the newly discovered transiently accreting 11 Hz X-ray pulsar .	We detect a thermal spectrum that can be fitted with a neutron star atmosphere model with a temperature for an observer at infinity of kT~100 eV , and a quiescent thermal bolometric luminosity of Lq~2E33 erg/s for an assumed distance of 5.5 kpc .	The thermal emission is elevated above the quiescent base level measured in 2003 and 2009 , i.e. , prior to the recent accretion outburst .	A likely explanation is that the neutron star crust was significantly heated during the recent accretion episode and needs to cool until it restores thermal equilibrium with the core .
+4	In particular , for M=4 we find a long sought-after stable realization of the two-channel Kondo fixed point .	We present a powerful and general approach to describe the coupling of Majorana fermions to external leads , of interacting or non-interacting electrons .	Our picture has the Klein factors of bosonization appearing as extra Majoranas hybridizing with the physical ones .	We demonstrate the power of this approach by solving a highly nontrivial SO ( M ) Kondo problem arising in topological superconductors with M Majorana-lead couplings , allowing for arbitrary M and for conduction electron interactions .	We find that these topological Kondo problems give rise to robust non-Fermi liquid behavior , even for Fermi liquid leads , and to a quantum phase transition between insulating and Kondo regimes when the leads form Luttinger liquids .
+1	While in the typical models the dark sector is composed only by weakly interacting massive particles , an arguably more natural scenario would include a whole set of gauge interactions which are invisible for the standard model but that are in contact with the dark matter .	The nature of dark matter is one of the most thrilling riddles for both cosmology and particle physics nowadays .	We present a method to constrain the number of massless gauge bosons and other relativistic particles that might be present in the dark sector using current and future cosmic microwave background data , and provide upper bounds on the size of the dark sector .	We use the fact that the dark matter abundance depends on the strength of the interactions with both sectors , which allows one to relate the freeze-out temperature of the dark matter with the temperature of { this cosmic background of dark gauge bosons } .	This relation can then be used to calculate how sizable is the impact of the relativistic dark sector in the number of degrees of freedom of the early Universe , providing an interesting and testable connection between cosmological data and direct/indirect detection experiments .
+1	Through a dry transfer technique and a metal-catalyzed graphene treatment process , nickel-etched-graphene electrodes were fabricated on MoS2 that yield contact resistance as low as 200 ohm-um .	We report an approach to achieve low-resistance contacts to MoS2 transistors with the intrinsic performance of the MoS2 channel preserved .	The substantial contact enhancement ( ~2 orders of magnitude ) as compared to pure nickel electrodes , is attributed to the much smaller work function of nickel-graphene electrodes , together with the fact that presence of zigzag edges in the treated graphene surface enhances tunneling between nickel and graphene .	To this end , the successful fabrication of a clean graphene-MoS2 interface and a low resistance nickel-graphene interface is critical for the experimentally measured low contact resistance .	The potential of using graphene as an electrode interlayer demonstrated in this work paves the way towards achieving high performance next-generation transistors .
+1	The problems are formulated in the framework of tropical mathematics to approximate pairwise comparison matrices by reciprocal matrices of unit rank , and written in a common form for both multiplicative and additive comparison scales .	We consider problems of rating alternatives based on their pairwise comparison under various assumptions , including constraints on the final scores of alternatives .	To solve the unconstrained and constrained approximation problems , we apply recent results in tropical optimization , which provide new complete direct solutions given in a compact vector form .	These solutions extend known results and involve less computational effort .	As an illustration , numerical examples of rating alternatives are presented .
+4	In our solution , the magnetic flux problem of star formation is avoided because the magnetic flux dragged in the accreting protostar is always zero .	We formulate the problem of magnetic field dissipation during the accretion phase of low-mass star formation , and we carry out the first step of an iterative solution procedure by assuming that the gas is in free-fall along radial field lines .	This so-called `` kinematic approximation '' ignores the back reaction of the Lorentz force on the accretion flow .	In quasi steady-state , and assuming the resistivity coefficient to be spatially uniform , the problem is analytically soluble in terms of Legendre 's polynomials and confluent hypergeometric functions .	The dissipation of the magnetic field occurs inside a region of radius inversely proportional to the mass of the central star ( the `` Ohm radius '' ) , where the magnetic field becomes asymptotically straight and uniform .
+3	This line has a finite size scaling form depending on the size , L , of the system as Dc=D0 +1/A ( ? 1+B*L^2 ) ? .	The existence of nonlinear objects of the vortex type in two-dimensional magnetic systems presents itself as one of the most promising candidates for the construction of nanodevices , useful for storing data , and for the construction of reading and writing magnetic heads .	The vortex appears as the ground state of a magnetic nanodisk whose magnetic moments interact via dipole-dipole potential ? .	In this work it is investigated the conditions for the formation of vortices in nanodisks in triangular , square , and hexagonal lattices as a function of the size of the lattice and of the strength of the dipole interaction D. Our results show that there is a `` transition '' line separating the vortex state from a capacitor like state .	This behavior is obeyed by the three types of lattices .
+0	Let $ P_n $ be the $ n $ -step right product $ A_1\cdots A_n $ , where $ A_1 , A_2 , \dots $ is a given infinite sequence of $ d\times d $ matrices with nonnegative entries .	In a wide range of situations , the normalized matrix product $ P_n/ { \Vert P_n\Vert } $ does not converge and we shall be rather interested in the asymptotic behavior of the normalized columns $ P_nU_i/\Vert P_nU_i\Vert $ , where $ U_1 , \dots , U_d $ are the canonical $ d\times 1 $ vectors .	Our main result in Theorem~A gives a sufficient condition $ { \bf ( C ) } $ over the sequence $ A_1 , A_2 , \dots $ ensuring the existence of { \it dominant columns } of $ P_n $ , having the same projective limit $ V $ : more precisely , for any rank $ n $ , there exists a partition of $ \ { 1 , \dots , d\ } $ made of two subsets $ J_n\ne\emptyset $ and $ J_n^c $ such that each one of the sequences of normalized columns , say $ P_nU_ { j_n } /\Vert P_nU_ { j_n } \Vert $ with $ j_n\in J_n $ tends to $ V $ as $ n $ tends to $ +\infty $ and are { \it dominant } in the sense that the ratio $ \Vert P_nU_ { j_n ' } /\Vert P_nU_ { j_n } \Vert $ tends to $ 0 $ , as soon as $ j_n'\in J_n^c $ .	The existence of sequences of such { \it dominant columns } implies that for any probability vector $ X $ with positive entries , the probability vector $ P_nX/\Vert P_nX\Vert $ , converges as $ n $ tends to $ +\infty $ .	Our main application of Theorem~A ( and our initial motivation ) is related to an { \it Erd\H os problem } concerned with a family of probability measures $ \mu_\beta $ ( for $ 1 & lt ; \beta & lt ; 2 $ a real parameter ) fully supported by a subinterval of the real line , known as { \it Bernoulli convolutions } .
+0	We provide a unified description of thermal equilibria of black hole accretion disks , including the newly-discovered advection-dominated solutions .	We classify the solutions on the basis of optical depth and importance of advection cooling .	We demonstrate that only four physically distinct topological types of equilibria exist .	Two of the types correspond to optically thin and optically thick equilibria , while the other two types are distinguished by whether advection is negligible or dominant .	A stable Shakura-Sunyaev disk exists only for accretion rates $ \dot M $ below a certain maximum .
+2	The angular distribution of the produced pion pairs allows one to project out a component that depends on the interference of the isovector and isoscalar channels .	We study hard exclusive electroproduction of two pions in the QCD factorization approach at next-to-leading order ( NLO ) in the strong coupling .	The pion pair can be produced both in an isovector and in an isoscalar state .	Using specific models for the involved generalized parton distributions and two-pion distribution amplitudes we investigate the angular distributions of the pion pair in NLO and compare them with HERMES data .	The differences between the LO and NLO results are moderate and the agreement with data is satisfactory , though not perfect .
+1	However , the flux of monochromatic gamma-rays is usually suppressed by the virtual quantum effects since dark matter should be neutral and does not couple with gamma-rays directly .	Monochromatic gamma-rays are thought to be the smoking gun signal for identifying the dark matter annihilation .	In the work we study the detection strategy of the monochromatic gamma-rays in a future space-based detector .	The monochromatic gamma-ray flux is calculated by assuming supersymmetric neutralino as a typical dark matter candidate .	We discuss both the detection focusing on the Galactic center and in a scan mode which detects gamma-rays from the whole Galactic halo are compared .
+4	We find R=2.236 +/- 0.003 ( stat ) +/- 0.015 ( syst ) .	We have measured the ratio R=Gamma ( Ks - & gt ; pi+pi-gamma ) /Gamma ( Ks - & gt ; pi0pi0 ) with the KLOE detector at the DAFNE e+e- collider .	This measurement is fully inclusive with respect to the pi+pi-gamma final state .	The sample of over 10^6 two-pion decays of tagged Ks mesons allows a statistical error as low as 0.1 % to be obtained .	The accuracy is limited by systematic uncertainties , which are estimated primarily from data .
+4	Furthermore , optical photometry in V , simultaneous with the Chandra observation , indicates a modulation anti-correlated with the X-ray , and later more extensive R band photometry finds a signal at ~2.1 hrs .	We report the results of a 45 ks Chandra observation of the cataclysmic variable V426 Ophiuchus .	The high resolution spectrum from the high-energy transmission grating spectrometer is most consistent with a cooling flow model , placing V426 Oph among the group of CVs including U Gem and EX Hya .	An uninterrupted lightcurve was also constructed , in which we detect a significant 4.2 hr modulation together with its first harmonic at 2.1 hrs .	Reanalysis of archival Ginga , and ROSAT X-ray lightcurves also reveals modulations at periods consistent with 4.2 and/or 2.1 hrs .
+2	The observed low resolution spectrum ( R~90 ) extends from 5.3 to 35microns and peaks at ~28microns .	SBS0335-052 is a blue compact dwarf galaxy ( BCD ) with one of the lowest known metallicities , Z $ \sim $ Z $ _ { \sun } $ /41 , making it a local example of how primordial starburst galaxies and their precursors might appear .	A spectrum obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph ( IRS ) on the Spitzer Space Telescope clearly shows silicate absorption features , emission lines of [ SIV ] and [ NeIII ] , and puts strong upper limits on the PAH emission features .	The spectrum is compared to IRS observations of the prototypical starburst nucleus NGC7714 .	SBS0335-052 is quite unlike normal starburst galaxies , which show strong PAH bands , low ionization emission lines , and a continuum peak near 80microns .
+2	The description provided is based on a spurion , symmetry oriented , analysis , and a covariant basis for describing flavor transition processes is introduced , in order to make the discussion transparent for non-experts .	The standard model picture of flavor and CP violation is now experimentally verified , hence strong bounds on the flavor structure of new physics follow .	We begin by discussing in detail the unique way that flavor conversion and CP violation arise in the standard model .	We show how to derive model independent bounds on generic new physics models .	Furthermore , we demonstrate , using the covariant basis , how recent data and LHC projections can be applied to constrain models with an arbitrary mechanism of alignment .
+2	For the Advanced LIGO interferometric gravitational wave observatory , where the relevant test mass is a suspended 340 mm diameter cylindrical end mirror , the force noise power is increased by roughly a factor 40 by the presence of a similarly shaped reaction mass at a nominal separation of 5 mm .	We present an analysis of Brownian force noise from residual gas damping of reference test masses as a fundamental sensitivity limit in small force experiments .	The resulting acceleration noise increases significantly when the distance of the test mass to the surrounding experimental apparatus is smaller than the dimension of the test mass itself .	The force noise , of order 20 fN\rthz\ for $ 2 \times 10^ { -6 } $ Pa of residual H $ _2 $ gas , rivals quantum optical fluctuations as the dominant noise source between 10 and 30 Hz .	We present here a numerical and analytical analysis for the gas damping force noise for Advanced LIGO , backed up by experimental evidence from several recent measurements .
+4	The helicity structure provides relations between the partonic and the hadronic , Regge description of C-odd , chiral-odd processes .	Exclusive $ \pi^0 $ electroproduction from nucleons at large $ Q^2 $ can be described by Generalized Parton Distributions ( GPDs ) , particularly the chiral odd subset related to transversity .	These GPDs can be accessed experimentally from various cross sections and asymmetries .	We calculate these GPDs in a spectator model , constrained by boundary functions .	Alternatively , in a hadronic picture the meson production amplitudes correspond to C-odd Regge exchanges with final state interactions .
+0	A new infinite series of Einstein metrics is constructed explicitly on S^2 x S^3 , and the non-trivial S^3-bundle over S^2 , containing infinite numbers of inhomogeneous ones .	They appear as a certain limit of a nearly extreme 5-dimensional AdS Kerr black hole .	In the special case , the metrics reduce to the homogeneous Einstein metrics studied by Wang and Ziller .	We also construct an inhomogeneous Einstein metric on the non-trivial S^ { d-2 } -bundle over S^2 from a d-dimensional AdS Kerr black hole .	Our construction is a higher dimensional version of the method of Page , which gave an inhomogeneous Einstein metric on CP^2\sharp\bar { CP^2 } .
+1	The suspension is made of insulating particles ( PMMA ) dispersed in a slightly conducting oil ( Ugilec + Dielec ) and is subjected to a DC electric field .	The pressure-driven flow of a suspension of spinning particles in a rectangular channel is studied using an acoustic method .	In such a case , the particles are polarized in the direction opposite to that of the electric field and begin to rotate in order to flip their dipoles in the field direction .	Such a rotation of the particles is known as Quincke rotation and is responsible for an important decrease of the effective viscosity of the suspension .	Indeed , due to the electric torque exerted on the particles , the stress tensor in the suspension is not symmetric anymore and a driving effect arises from the anti-symmetric part .
+1	We measure a cross section of $ \sigma ( { e^+e^-\ } \to \rho^+ \rho^- ) = { 19.5 \pm 1.6 ( stat ) \pm 3.2 ( syst ) fb } $ .	We report the first observation of $ e^+e^- \to \rho^+\rho^- $ , in a data sample of 379 $ fb^ { -1 } $ collected with the BABAR detector at the { PEP-II } $ e^+e^- $ storage ring at center-of-mass energies near $ \sqrt { s } = 10.58 GeV .	Assuming production through single-photon annihilation , there are three independent helicity amplitudes .	We measure the ratios of their squared moduli to be $ | { F } _ { 00 } |^2 : | { F } _ { 10 } |^2 : | { F } _ { 11 } |^2 = 0.51 \pm 0.14 ( stat ) \pm 0.07 ( syst ) : 0.10 \pm 0.04 ( stat ) \pm 0.01 ( syst ) : 0.04 \pm 0.03 ( stat ) \pm 0.01 ( syst ) $ .	The $ | { F } _ { 00 } |^2 $ result is inconsistent with the prediction of 1.0 made by QCD models with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties .
+2	We explore other mechanisms that may tailor the number of halo substructures during the course of virialization .	We study the survival of substructures ( clumps ) within larger self-gravitating dark matter halos .	Building on scaling relations obtained from N-body calculations of violent relaxation , we argue that the tidal field of galaxies and halos can only destroy substructures if spherical symmetry is imposed at formation .	Unless the larger halo is built up from a few large clumps , we find that clump-clump encounters are unlikely to homogenize the halo on a dynamical timescale .	Phase mixing would proceed faster in the inner parts and allow for the secular evolution of a stellar disk .
+4	The mixed gel is characterized by thermal as well as time-persistent ( glassy ) concentration fluctuations .	We consider a microscopic model of a polymer blend that is prone to phase separation .	Permanent crosslinks are introduced between randomly chosen pairs of monomers , drawn from the Deam-Edwards distribution .	Thereby , not only density but also concentration fluctuations of the melt are quenched-in in the gel state , which emerges upon sufficient crosslinking .	We derive a Landau expansion in terms of the order parameters for gelation and phase separation , and analyze it on the mean-field level , including Gaussian fluctuations .
+4	It turns out that the predictions are mostly different from the conventional supersymmetry ones , and might have been difficult to recognize as signals of superpartners .	Although no individual piece of experimental evidence for supersymmetry is compelling so far , several are about as good as they can be with present errors .	Most important , all pieces of evidence imply the same values for common parameters -- - a necessary condition , and one unlikely to hold if the hints from data are misleading .	The parameters are sparticle or soft-breaking masses and $ tan \beta. $ For the parameter ranges reported here , there are so far no signals that should have occurred but did not .	Given those parameters a number of predictions can test whether the evidence is real .
+2	With intra-layer couplings in only one of the layers ( Kondo lattice ) , we observe an anomalous Curie constant C* , as predicted on the basis of field-theoretical work [ S. Sachdev et al. , Science 286 , 2479 ( 1999 ) ] .	We consider a magnetic impurity in two different S=1/2 Heisenberg bilayer antiferromagnets at their respective critical inter-layer couplings separating N'eel and disordered ground states .	We calculate the impurity susceptibility using a quantum Monte Carlo method .	The value C*=0.262 +/- 0.002 is larger than the normal Curie constant C=S ( S+1 ) /3 .	Our low-temperature results for the symmetric bilayer are consistent with a universal C* .
+1	Despite its success in modeling the probability distribution of variables , BN is naturally a generative model , which is not necessarily discriminative .	Due to its causal semantics , Bayesian networks ( BN ) have been widely employed to discover the underlying data relationship in exploratory studies , such as brain research .	This may cause the ignorance of subtle but critical network changes that are of investigation values across populations .	In this paper , we propose to improve the discriminative power of BN models for continuous variables from two different perspectives .	This brings two general discriminative learning frameworks for Gaussian Bayesian networks ( GBN ) .
+3	Our analysis of the molecular bands and the P-Cyg profiles of atomic lines shows that the object loses matter with a velocity of up to 215 km/s and a rate of 10^ { -6 } - 10^ { -5 } M_sun/yr .	V838 Mon erupted at the beginning of 2002 .	Among various scenarios proposed to explain the nature of the outburst , the most promising is a stellar merger event .	The results of spectroscopic observations of the object obtained in October 2005 with the Keck/HIRES instrument , presented in detail in Paper I , are analysed and discussed .	In the profiles of some atomic lines , we have also found evidence of matter infall .
+1	Suppose that f is curvilinear ; that is , at every point of X , the Jacobian has rank at least n-2 .	Let X and Y be smooth varieties of dimensions n-1 and n over an arbitrary algebraically closed field , f : X- & gt ; Y a finite map that is birational onto its image .	For r at least 1 , consider the subscheme N_r of Y defined by the ( r-1 ) st Fitting ideal of the O_Y-module f_*O_X , and set M_r : =f^ { -1 } N_r .	In this setting -- - in fact , in a more general setting -- - we prove the following statements , which show that M_r and N_r behave like reasonable schemes of source and target r-fold points of f. Each component of M_r and N_r is empty or has dimension at least n-r .	If each component of M_r , or equivalently of N_r , has dimension n-r , then M_r and N_r are Cohen -- Macaulay , and their fundamental cycles satisfy the relation , f_* [ M_r ] =r [ N_r ] .
+2	To provide the testable support to this idea , the optic-metrical parametric resonance is regarded - an experiment on the galactic scale based on the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation of cosmic masers and periodical gravitational waves emitted by close double systems or pulsars .	The specific astrophysical data collected during the last decade causes the need for the modification of the expression for the Einstein-Hilbert action , and several attempts sufficing this need are known .	The modification suggested in this paper stems from the possible anisotropy of space-time and this means the natural change of the simplest scalar in the least action principle .	Since the effect depends on the space-time metric , the possible anisotropy could reveal itself through observations .	To give the corresponding theory predicting the corrections to the expected results of the experiment , the specific mathematical formalism of Finsler geometry was chosen .
+4	Assuming a non-thermal spectrum for the tail photons , we show that the tail is unlikely to be emission left behind following the passage of the pulsar , but rather is probably from synchrotron-emitting pulsar wind particles having flow velocity ~7000 km/s .	We report the first X-ray detection of the radio pulsar PSR B1757-24 using the Chandra X-ray Observatory .	We detect point-source emission at the pulsar position plus a faint tail extending nearly 20 '' east of the pulsar , in the same direction and with comparable morphology to the radio tail .	Assuming the point-source X-ray emission is magnetospheric , the observed X-ray tail represents only ~0.01 % of the pulsar 's spin-down luminosity .	This is significantly lower than the analogous efficiencies of most known X-ray nebulae surrounding rotation-powered pulsars .
+1	The data analysis of the experimentally determined spin-wave modes requires an unambiguous assignment to the correct spin wave mode orders .	Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy from so-called standing spin waves in thin magnetic films is often used to determine the magnetic exchange constant .	Often additional investigations are needed to guarantee correct assignment .	This is particularly important in the case of Heusler compounds where values of the exchange constant vary substantially between different compounds .	As a showcase , we report on the determination of the exchange constant ( exchange stiffness constant ) in Co $ _2 $ MnSi , which is found to be $ A=2.35\pm0.1 $ $ \mu $ erg/cm ( $ D=575\pm20 $ meV \AA $ ^2 $ ) , a value comparable to the value of the exchange constant of Co .
+4	We check our results using two different approaches .	In this paper we study a system inspired on certain SUSY breaking models and on more recent Dark Matter scenarios .	In our set-up , two Abelian gauge fields interact via an operator that mixes their kinetic terms .	We find the extended Supersymmetric version of this system , that also generates a Higgs portal type of interaction .	We obtain and study both analytically and numerically , the equations defining topologically stable string-like objects .
+0	Raman spectra of rhombohedral boron monosulfide ( r-BS ) were measured under pressures up to 34 GPa at room temperature .	No pressure-induced structural phase transition was observed , while strong pressure shift of Raman bands towards higher wavenumbers has been revealed .	IR spectroscopy as a complementary technique has been used in order to completely describe the phonon modes of r-BS .	All experimentally observed bands have been compared with theoretically calculated ones and modes assignment has been performed .	r-BS enriched by 10B isotope was synthesized , and the effect of boron isotopic substitution on Raman spectra was observed and analyzed .
+1	This is a generalisation of coin tossing in which two mistrustful parties wish to generate a string of random bits such that an honest party can be sure that the other can not have biased the string too much .	We consider the cryptographic task of bit-string generation .	We consider a quantum protocol for this task , originally introduced in Phys.Rev .	A { \bf 69 } , 022322 ( 2004 ) , that is feasible with present day technology .	We introduce security conditions based on the average bias of the bits and the Shannon entropy of the string .
+3	We then consider the most general soft breaking of supersymmetry in N = 2 SU ( 2 ) super-Yang-Mills theory .	We give a self-contained discussion of recent progress in computing the non-perturbative effects of small non-holomorphic soft supersymmetry breaking , including a simple new derivation of these results based on an anomaly-free gauged U ( 1 ) _R background .	We apply these results to N = 1 theories with deformed moduli spaces and conformal fixed points .	In an SU ( 2 ) theory with a deformed moduli space , we completely determine the vacuum expectation values and induced soft masses .	An N = 2 superfield spurion analysis is used to give an elementary derivation of the relation between the modulus and the prepotential in the effective theory .
+2	The detailed measurements of afterglow light curve , starting from about 5 hours after the GRB and during 5 consecutive nights were done .	We present the results of the photometric multicolor observations of GRB 060526 optical afterglow obtained with Russian-Turkish 1.5-m Telescope ( RTT150 , Mt .	Bakirlitepe , Turkey ) .	In addition , upper limits on the fast variability of the afterglow during the first night of observations were obtained and the history of afterglow color variations was measured in detail .	In the time interval from 6 to 16 hours after the burst , there is a gradual flux decay , which can be described approximately as a power law with an index of -1.14+-0.02 .
+1	In this work we probe the imprints of deviations from isotropy and scale invariance of primordial curvature perturbation power spectrum on CMB lensing potential and convergence .	The Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) radiation lensing is a promising tool to study the physics of early universe .	Specifically , we consider a scale-dependent hemispherical asymmetry in primordial power spectrum .	We show that the CMB lensing potential and convergence and also the cross-correlation of the CMB lensing and late time galaxy convergence can probe the amplitude and the scale dependence of the dipole modulation .	As another example , we consider a primordial power spectrum with local feature .
+0	This paper develops a methodology for robust Bayesian inference through the use of disparities .	Metrics such as Hellinger distance and negative exponential disparity have a long history in robust estimation in frequentist inference .	We demonstrate that an equivalent robustification may be made in Bayesian inference by substituting an appropriately scaled disparity for the log likelihood to which standard Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods may be applied .	A particularly appealing property of minimum-disparity methods is that while they yield robustness with a breakdown point of 1/2 , the resulting parameter estimates are also efficient when the posited probabilistic model is correct .	We demonstrate that a similar property holds for disparity-based Bayesian inference .
+2	The analysis shows that a cosmological bounce in the f ( R ) theory need not be described by an equivalent bounce in the Einstein frame description of the process where actually there may be no bounce at all .	The present work analyzes the various conditions in which there can be a bouncing universe solution in f ( R ) gravity .	In the article an interesting method , to analyze the bouncing FRW solutions in a spatially flat universe using f ( R ) gravity models using an effective Einstein frame description of the process , is presented .	Nevertheless the Einstein frame description of the bouncing phenomena turns out to be immensely important as the dynamics of the bounce becomes amenable to logic based on general relativistic intuition .	The theory of scalar cosmological perturbations in the bouncing universe models in $ f ( R ) $ theories has also been worked out in the Einstein frame .
+2	Very high energy TeV photons of GRBs could be produced by a few mechanisms including the proton-synchrotron radiation and electron inverse Compton emission from GRB internal shocks as well as external shocks .	It has been suggested that electromagnetic cascade of very high energy gamma-rays from gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) in the infrared/microwave background can produce delayed MeV-GeV photons .	This delay could be caused by the angular spreading effect of the scattered microwave photons or deflection of the secondly pairs due to intergalactic magnetic field .	We suggest that the information provided by the delayed emission could give constraints on models for TeV gamma-rays .	A more accurate calculation of the delayed time caused by the angular spreading effect is presented by considering recent observations of the extragalactic infrared background and the theoretic high-redshift infrared background .
+4	A special attention is paid to the critical behaviour of real impure films .	The critical behaviour of thin films containing quenched random impurities and inhomogeneities is investigated by the renormalization-group method .	The finite-size crossover in impure films has been considered on the basis of the fundamental relationship between the effective spatial dimensionality and the characteristic lengths of the system .	The difference between the critical properties of infinite systems and films is demonstrated and investigated .	A new critical exponent , describing the scaling properties of the thickness of films with extended impurities has been deduced and calculated .
+1	A wealth of structure in the central region is revealed due to less extinction in the thermal infrared .	We present ground-based high-resolution ( ~0 '' .3 ) imaging of AFGL 2688 at L ' ( 3.8 um ) and M ' ( 4.7um ) .	A clear border in the southern lobe at L ' corresponds to the edge of the heavily obscured region in visible , indicating there is a dense material surrounding the central region .	The images also show a narrow dark lane oriented to 140 deg east of north with the normal at 50 deg .	The normal position angle is inconsistent with the optical polar axis ( PA = 15 deg ) , but is aligned to the high-velocity CO components found in the radio wavelength observations .
+2	Comparing with solutions of Kitaev models on large lattices , our solution gives an intuitional picture using real space spin configurations to directly express zero modes of Majorana fermions , non-abelian vortices and non-abelian fusion rules .	We exactly solve a four-site spin model with site-dependent Kitaev 's coupling in a tetrahedron by means of an analytical diagonalization .	The non-abelian fusion rules of eigen vortex excitations in this small lattice model are explicitly illustrated in real space by using Pauli matrices .	We generalize the single tetrahedron model to a chain model of tetrahedrons on a torus and find the non-abelian vortices become well-defined non-abelian anyons .	We believe these manifest results are very helpful to demonstrate the nonabelian anyon in laboratory .
+3	A comparison between the two samples indicates that stars with planets are not kinematically peculiar .	We have reconstructed the galactic orbits of the parent stars of exoplanets .	For comparison , we have recalculated the galactic orbits of stars from the Edvardsson et al .	( 1993 ) catalog .	At each perigalactic distance stars with planets have a metallicity systematically larger than the average for the comparison sample .
+1	In this paper , we consider RFDEs equivariant with respect to the action of a compact Lie group .	We continue our investigation of versality for parametrized families of linear retarded functional differential equations ( RFDEs ) projected onto finite-dimensional invariant manifolds .	In a previous paper ( Buono and LeBlanc , to appear in J. Diff.Eqs .	) , we have studied this question in the general case ( i.e.no a priori restrictions on the RFDE ) .	When studying the question of versality in the equivariant context , it is natural to want to restrict the range of possible unfoldings to include only those which share the same symmetries as the original RFDE , and so our previous results do not immediately apply .
+2	Why after so many years of investigations Mn doped GaAs remains the candidate with the highest Curie temperature among the broad family of III-V materials doped with transition metal ( TM ) impurities ?	After more than a decade of intensive research in the field of diluted magnetic semiconductors ( DMS ) , the nature and origin of ferromagnetism , especially in III-V compounds is still controversial .	Many questions and open issues are under intensive debates .	How can one understand that these temperatures are almost two orders of magnitude larger than that of hole doped ( Zn , Mn ) Te or ( Cd , Mn ) Se ?	Is there any intrinsic limitation or is there any hope to reach in the dilute regime room temperature ferromagnetism ?
+0	Using N-body simulations with planet-disk interactions , we present a mechanism capable of forming compact systems of hot super Earths such as Kepler 11 .	Recent studies show that outward migration is common in the inner parts of radiative disks .	However we show that two processes naturally tip the balance in favor of inward migration .	First the corotation torque is too weak to generate outward migration for planetary embryos less massive than $ 4\mearth $ .	Second , system of multiple embryos generate sustained non-zero eccentricities that damp the corotation torque and again favor inward migration .
+1	Owing to the various tunable parameters that have been made accessible experimentally in recent years , atomic Fermi gases can be explored as a prototype or quantum simulator of superconductors .	The pairing and superfluid phenomena in a two-component ultracold atomic Fermi gas is an analogue of Cooper pairing and superconductivity in an electron system , in particular , the high $ T_c $ superconductors .	It is hoped that , utilizing such an analogy , the study of atomic Fermi gases may shed light to the mysteries of high $ T_c $ superconductivity .	One obstacle to the ultimate understanding of high $ T_c $ superconductivity , from day one of its discovery , is the anomalous yet widespread pseudogap phenomena , for which a consensus is yet to be reached within the physics community , after over 27 years of intensive research efforts .	In this article , we shall review the progress in the study of pseudogap phenomena in atomic Fermi gases in terms of both theoretical understanding and experimental observations .
+2	The approach described here , called PTR , uses probabilities associated with domain theory elements to numerically track the `` flow '' of proof through the theory .	The theory revision problem is the problem of how best to go about revising a deficient domain theory using information contained in examples that expose inaccuracies .	In this paper we present our approach to the theory revision problem for propositional domain theories .	This allows us to measure the precise role of a clause or literal in allowing or preventing a ( desired or undesired ) derivation for a given example .	This information is used to efficiently locate and repair flawed elements of the theory .
+2	Comparison with a sample of available experimental data shows satisfactory agreement .	This article is aimed at improving the description of lepton-nucleus interactions in the sub-GeV energy range .	Approximate spectral functions for oxygen , calcium , and argon are constructed and used to obtain the electron cross sections in a given scattering angle .	Discrepancy between the presented model and the systematic computations available for oxygen [ O. Benhar et al. , Phys.Rev .	D 72 , 053005 ( 2005 ) ] is also found to be very small .
+0	The decision to incorporate cross-validation into validation processes of mathematical models raises an immediate question - how should one partition the data into calibration and validation sets ?	We answer this question systematically : we present an algorithm to find the optimal partition of the data subject to certain constraints .	While doing this , we address two critical issues : 1 ) that the model be evaluated with respect to predictions of a given quantity of interest and its ability to reproduce the data , and 2 ) that the model be highly challenged by the validation set , assuming it is properly informed by the calibration set .	This framework also relies on the interaction between the experimentalist and/or modeler , who understand the physical system and the limitations of the model ; the decision-maker , who understands and can quantify the cost of model failure ; and the computational scientists , who strive to determine if the model satisfies both the modeler 's and decision maker 's requirements .	We also note that our framework is quite general , and may be applied to a wide range of problems .
+0	There are many complex combinatorial problems which involve searching for an undirected graph satisfying given constraints .	Such problems are often highly challenging because of the large number of isomorphic representations of their solutions .	This paper introduces effective and compact , complete symmetry breaking constraints for small graph search .	Enumerating with these symmetry breaks generates all and only non-isomorphic solutions .	For small search problems , with up to $ 10 $ vertices , we compute instance independent symmetry breaking constraints .
+4	Specifically , we use negative reinforcement as a main tool to introduce diversity in the Personalized PageRank framework .	In this paper , we consider the problem of diversity in ranking of the nodes in a graph .	The task is to pick the top-k nodes in the graph which are both 'central ' and 'diverse ' .	Many graph-based models of NLP like text summarization , opinion summarization involve the concept of diversity in generating the summaries .	We develop a novel method which works in an iterative fashion based on random walks to achieve diversity .
+4	Besides the energy position , the IXS spectra provide a stringent test on the validity of the theoretically calculated exciton wave functions .	Excitons in a complex organic molecular crystal were studied by inelastic x-ray scattering ( IXS ) for the first time .	The dynamic dielectric response function is measured over a large momentum transfer region , from which an exciton dispersion of 130 meV is observed .	Semiempirical quantum chemical calculations reproduce well the momentum dependence of the measured dynamic dielectric responses , and thus unambiguously indicate that the lowest Frenkel exciton is confined within a fraction of the complex molecule .	Our results demonstrate that IXS is a powerful tool for studying excitons in complex organic molecular systems .
+3	Our main contribution is a deterministic approximation of an M-ellipsoid of any convex body .	We give a deterministic O ( log n ) ^n algorithm for the { \em Shortest Vector Problem ( SVP ) } of a lattice under { \em any } norm , improving on the previous best deterministic bound of n^O ( n ) for general norms and nearly matching the bound of 2^O ( n ) for the standard Euclidean norm established by Micciancio and Voulgaris ( STOC 2010 ) .	Our algorithm can be viewed as a derandomization of the AKS randomized sieve algorithm , which can be used to solve SVP for any norm in 2^O ( n ) time with high probability .	We use the technique of covering a convex body by ellipsoids , as introduced for lattice problems in ( Dadush et al. , FOCS 2011 ) .	We achieve this via a convex programming formulation of the optimal ellipsoid with the objective function being an n-dimensional integral that we show can be approximated deterministically , a technique that appears to be of independent interest .
+1	Such scattering problems are important for the modelization of , e.g. , light propagation in nano-optical components and metamaterials .	We analyze electromagnetic scattering of TM polarized waves from a diffraction grating consisting of a periodic , anisotropic , and possibly negative-index dielectric material .	The periodic scattering problem can be reformulated as a strongly singular volume integral equation , a technique that attracts continuous interest in the engineering community , but rarely received rigorous theoretic treatment .	In this paper we prove new ( generalized ) G\r { a } rding inequalities in weighted and unweighted Sobolev spaces for the strongly singular integral equation .	These inequalities also hold for materials for which the real part takes negative values inside the diffraction grating , independently of the value of the imaginary part .
+4	The role of the $ U ( 1 ) $ symmetry is played here by the modular symmetry .	We review recent work on the structure of the fermion mass matrices in supergravity effective superstrings .	They are generally given at low energy by non-trivial functions of the gauge singlet moduli fields .	Interesting structures appear in particular if they are homogeneous functions of zero degree in the moduli .	In this case we find Yukawa matrices very similar to the ones obtained by imposing a $ U ( 1 ) $ family symmetry to reproduce the observed hierarchy of masses and mixing angles .
+0	Electron and proton acceleration in three-dimensional electric and magnetic fields is studied through test particle simulations .	The fields are obtained by a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of magnetic reconnection in slab geometry .	The nonlinear evolution of the system is characterized by the growth of many unstable modes and the initial current sheet is fragmented with formation of small scale structures .	We inject at random points inside the evolving current sheet a Maxwellian distribution of particles .	In relatively short time ( less than a millisecond ) the particles develop a power law tail .
+4	Quantum mechanical probabilities are recovered in general , but are eliminated from the description of any single measurement .	We suggest an interpretation of quantum mechanics , inspired by the ideas of Aharonov et al .	of a time-symmetric description of quantum theory .	We show that a special final boundary condition for the Universe , may be consistently defined as to determine single classical-like measurement outcomes , thus solving the `` measurement problem '' .	No other deviation is made from standard quantum mechanics , and the resulting theory is deterministic ( in a two-time sense ) and local .
+0	Shear flows have an important impact on the dynamics in an assortment of different astrophysical objects including accreditation discs and stellar interiors .	Investigating shear flow instabilities in a polytropic atmosphere provides a fundamental understanding of the motion in stellar interiors where turbulent motions , mixing processes , as well as magnetic field generation takes place .	Here , a linear stability analysis for a fully compressible fluid in a two-dimensional Cartesian geometry is carried out .	Our study focuses on determining the critical Richardson number for different Mach numbers and the destabilising effects of high thermal diffusion .	We find that there is a deviation of the predicted stability threshold for moderate Mach number flows along with a significant effect on the growth rate of the linear instability for small P\'eclet numbers .
+1	Yet another promising application of LLR arises just now in the context of recent cosmological models , whose dynamics is substantially affected by some kinds of the dark matter ( or the so-called `` dark energy '' ) uniformly distributed in space , and therefore should be accompanied by some residual Hubble expansion at any spatial scales , particularly , in the Earth-Moon system .	Precise measurements of the Earth-Moon distance by the lunar laser ranging ( LLR ) , which begun in the early 1970 's , contributed significantly to geodesy , geophysics , and lunar planetology , as well as enabled astrophysicists to perform several fine tests of the relativistic gravitational field theory ( General Relativity ) .	The `` local '' Hubble expansion can be revealed by comparing the rate of increase in the lunar semi-major axis measured by LLR ( which should be produced both by the well-known tidal exchange of angular momentum between the Earth and Moon and the local Hubble expansion ) with the same quantity derived indirectly from astrometric data on the Earth 's rotation deceleration ( which is produced only by the tidal interaction ) .	Such analysis really points to the discrepancy 1.3 cm/yr , which corresponds to the local Hubble constant H_0^ ( loc ) = 33 +/- 5 ( km/s ) /Mpc .	This value is about two times less than at intergalactic scales but many orders of magnitude greater than was predicted in earlier theoretical works .
+3	The achievable key generation rate scales quadratically with the transmission in the channel , just as for BB84 with phase-randomized weak coherent-state signals ( when decoy states are not used ) .	We prove the security of the Bennett-Brassard ( BB84 ) quantum key distribution protocol in the case where the key information is encoded in the relative phase of a coherent-state reference pulse and a weak coherent-state signal pulse , as in some practical implementations of the protocol .	In contrast to previous work , our proof applies even if the eavesdropper knows the phase of the reference pulse , provided that this phase is not modulated by the source , and even if the reference pulse is bright .	The proof also applies to the case where the key is encoded in the photon polarization of a weak coherent-state pulse with a known phase , but only if the phases of the four BB84 signal states are judiciously chosen .	For the case where the phase of the reference pulse is strongly modulated by the source , we exhibit an explicit attack that allows the eavesdropper to learn every key bit in a parameter regime where a protocol using phase-randomized signals is provably secure .
+4	Our observation of the non-equilibrium quantum phase transition , which is in good agreement with the driven Tavis-Cummings theory under decoherence , offers new experimental approaches towards exploring quantum phase transition related science , such as scaling behaviours , parity breaking and long-range quantum correlations .	Quantum phase transitions play an important role in many-body systems and have been a research focus in conventional condensed matter physics over the past few decades .	Artificial atoms , such as superconducting qubits that can be individually manipulated , provide a new paradigm of realising and exploring quantum phase transitions by engineering an on-chip quantum simulator .	Here we demonstrate experimentally the quantum critical behaviour in a highly-controllable superconducting circuit , consisting of four qubits coupled to a common resonator mode .	By off-resonantly driving the system to renormalise the critical spin-field coupling strength , we have observed a four-qubit non-equilibrium quantum phase transition in a dynamical manner , i.e. , we sweep the critical coupling strength over time and monitor the four-qubit scaled moments for a signature of a structural change of the system 's eigenstates .
+1	The best fit orbital solution for the two planets in the 24 Sex system places them on orbits with periods that lie very close to 2:1 commensurability , while that for the HD 200964 system places the two planets therein in orbits whose periods lie close to a 4:3 commensurability .	We perform several suites of highly detailed dynamical simulations to investigate the architectures of the 24 Sextantis and HD 200964 planetary systems .	In both cases , the proposed best-fit orbits are mutually crossing - a scenario that is only dynamically feasible if the planets are protected from close encounters by the effects of mutual mean motion resonance .	Our simulations reveal that the best fit orbits for both systems lie within narrow islands of dynamical stability , and are surrounded by much larger regions of extreme instability .	As such , we show that the planets are only feasible if they are currently trapped in mutual mean-motion resonance - the 2:1 resonance in the case of 24 Sex b and c , and the 4:3 resonance in the case of HD 200964 b and c. In both cases , the region of stability is strongest and most pronounced when the planetary orbits are mutually coplanar .
+4	Trajectories are viewed as geodesics of configuration space equipped with suitable metric .	We use so-called geometrical approach in description of transition from regular motion to chaotic in Hamiltonian systems with potential energy surface that has several local minima .	Distinctive feature of such systems is coexistence of different types of dynamics ( regular or chaotic ) in different wells at the same energy Mixed state reveals unique opportunities in research of quantum manifestations of classical stochasticity .	Application of traditional criteria for transition to chaos ( resonance overlap criterion , negative curvature criterion and stochastic layer destruction criterion ) is inefficient in case of potentials with complex topology .	Geometrical approach allows considering only configuration space but not phase space when investigating stability .
+2	However , these devices can not operate as stand-alone because they need a computer measuring system that is capable of processing incoming events , encoding the results , assigning them to the correct competitor , sorting the results according to the achieved times , and then providing a printout of the results .	A manual measuring time tool in mass sporting competitions would not be imaginable nowadays , because many modern disciplines , such as IRONMAN , last a long-time and , therefore , demand additional reliability .	Moreover , automatic timing-devices based on RFID technology , have become cheaper .	This article presents the domain-specific language EasyTime , which enables the controlling of an agent by writing the events within a database .	It focuses , in particular , on the implementation of EasyTime with a LISA tool that enables the automatic construction of compilers from language specifications , using Attribute Grammars .
+2	The definition of these quantities makes clear that the vector defined by ( \sum_ { i=1 } ^nX_i , \sum_ { i=1 } ^nX_i^2 ) plays an important role .	Many statistics are based on functions of sample moments .	Important examples are the sample variance $ s_ { n-1 } ^2 $ , the sample coefficient of variation SV ( n ) , the sample dispersion SD ( n ) and the non-central $ t $ -statistic $ t ( n ) $ .	In studying the asymptotic behaviour of this vector we start by formulating best possible conditions under which the vector $ ( X , X^2 ) $ belongs to a bivariate domain of attraction of a stable law .	This approach is new , uniform and simple .
+0	Aims : We investigate the massive stellar content of the nearby dwarf irregular Wolf-Rayet galaxy IC 4662 , and consider its global star forming properties in the context of other metal-poor galaxies , the SMC , IC 10 and NGC 1569 .	Methods : Very Large Telescope/FORS2 imaging and spectroscopy plus archival Hubble Space Telescope/ACS imaging datasets permit us to spatially identify the location , number and probable subtypes of Wolf-Rayet stars within this galaxy .	We also investigate suggestions that a significant fraction of the ionizing photons of the two giant HII regions A1 and A2 lie deeply embedded within these regions .	Results : Wolf-Rayet stars are associated with a number of sources within IC 4662-A1 and A2 , plus a third compact HII region to the north west of A1 ( A1-NW ) .Several sources appear to be isolated , single ( or binary ) luminous nitrogen sequence WR stars , while extended sources are clusters whose masses exceed the Orion Nebula Cluster by , at most , a factor of two .	IC 4662 lacks optically visible young massive , compact clusters that are common in other nearby dwarf irregular galaxies .
+0	We have presented a new anisotropic solution of Einstein 's field equations for compact star models .	The Einstein 's field equations are solved by using the class one condition \cite { 1 } .	After that we constructed the physically valid expression of anisotropy factor by the help of metric potentials and there after we obtained the physical parameters like energy density , radial and transverse pressure .	These models parameters are well behaved inside the compact star and satisfy all the required physical conditions .	Also we observed a very interesting result that all the physical parameters are depend on the anisotropy factor .
+4	to gluons through leptoquark excitations in the subrocess $ lg\rightarrow lq { \bar q } $ so that leptons of relevant energies in the Earth as well as in Extensive Air Showers will behave as hadrons .	The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has recently placed a new limit on the extremely-high energy ( EHE ) neutrino flux lower than the Greisen -- Zatsepin -- Kuzmin ( GZK ) cosmogenic neutrino intensities expected in the case of proton-dominated primary composition .	This result favors the mixed chemical composition models and excludes scenarios with strongly interacting neutrinos proposed so far .	Nevertheless we argue that it is possible to construct such models consistently with the IceCube data if to extend the standard model Lagrangian by adding a leptoquark term .	It is notable that the resulting Lagrangian couples leptons ( not only neutrinos ! )
+1	{ \changed At the level of mean-field theory } , we find that the zero-temperature value of the critical velocity -- the uniform velocity of the superfluid condensate at which the superconducting state becomes unstable -- is a factor of $ \sqrt { 2 } $ smaller than the Landau critical velocity .	We revisit the problem of the critical velocity of a clean one-dimensional superconductor .	This is in contrast to a prior finding , which held that the critical velocity is equal to the Landau critical velocity .	The smaller value of the critical velocity , which our analysis yields , is the result of a pre-emptive Clogston-Chandrasekhar -- like discontinuous phase transition , and is an analog of the threshold value of the uniform exchange-field of a superconductor , previously investigated by Sarma and by Maki and Tsuneto .	We also consider the impact of nonzero temperature , study critical currents , and examine metastability and its limits in the temperature versus flow-velocity phase diagram .
+4	This leads also to finding minimal sets which are unions of non transversal ( hence far from almost orthogonal ) planes ; On the other hand , regularity for higher dimensional minimal sets is much less clear than those of dimension 2 , hence more efforts are needed for higher dimensional cases .	In this article we prove the topological minimality of unions of several almost orthogonal planes of arbitrary dimensions .	A particular case was proved in arXiv:1103.1468 , where we proved the Almgren minimality ( which is a weaker property than the topological minimality ) of the union of two almost orthogonal 2 dimensional planes .	On the one hand , the topological minimality is always proved by variations of calibration methods , but in this article , we give a continuous family topological minimal sets , hence calibrations can not apply .	The advantage of a set being topological minimal ( compared to Almgren minimal ) is that its product with $ \R^n $ stays topological minimal .
+1	We derive general rules for constructing nonspreading wave packets from a general potential $ \textmd { V } ( x , t ) $ .	We discuss nonspreading wave packets in one dimensional Schr\ '' { o } dinger equation .	The essential ingredients of a nonspreading wave packet , the shape function $ f ( x ) $ , the motion $ d ( t ) $ , the phase function $ \phi ( x , t ) $ are derived .	Since the form of the shape of a nonspreading wave packet does not change in time , the shape equation should be time independent .	We show that the shape function $ f ( x ) $ is the eigenfunction of the time independent Schr\ '' { o } dinger equation with an effective potential $ V_ { \textmd { eff } } $ and an energy $ E_ { \textmd { eff } } $ .
+2	For compiled languages , it is often possible to create efficient schedules for communication , but this is not the case for interpreted languages .	This work introduces a runtime model for managing communication with support for latency-hiding .	The model enables non-computer science researchers to exploit communication latency-hiding techniques seamlessly .	By maintaining data dependencies between scheduled operations , it is possible to aggressively initiate communication and lazily evaluate tasks to allow maximal time for the communication to finish before entering a wait state .	We implement a heuristic of this model in DistNumPy , an auto-parallelizing version of numerical Python that allows sequential NumPy programs to run on distributed memory architectures .
+3	A controlled web search study was conducted with 48 participants .	Assessing cognitive load on web search is useful for characterizing search system features and search tasks with respect to their demands on the searcher 's mental effort .	It is also helpful for examining how individual differences among searchers ( e.g.cognitive abilities ) affect the search process .	We examined cognitive load from the perspective of primary and secondary task performance .	The primary task performance components were found to be significantly related to both the objective and the subjective task difficulty .
+4	Using our new Bayesian Doppler signal detection algorithm , we find two significant signals in the data , with periods of 18.357 days and 25.648 days , indicating they could be part of a 7:5 second-order mean motion resonance .	The number of multi-planet systems known to be orbiting their host stars with orbital periods that place them in mean motion resonances is growing .	For the most part , these systems are in first-order resonances and dynamical studies have focused their efforts towards understanding the origin and evolution of such dynamically resonant commensurabilities .	We report here the discovery of two super-Earths that are close to a second-order dynamical resonance , orbiting the metal-poor ( [ Fe/H ] =-0.43 dex ) and inactive G2V star HD41248 .	We analysed 62 HARPS archival radial velocities for this star , that until now , had exhibited no evidence for planetary companions .
+4	In NCDAI-SNSPDs with proper periodicity large absorptance maxima appear due to synchronous E-field enhancement via deflected SPPs below NbN stripes in S-orientation , which make possible fill-factor-related loss compensation .	The absorptance of p-polarized light in superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors ( SNSPDs ) was improved by integrating ( 1 ) ~quarter-wavelength nano-optical cavity closed by a gold reflector ( OC-SNSPD ) , ( 2 ) nano-cavity-array closed by vertical and horizontal gold segments ( NCAI-SNSPD ) , and ( 3 ) nano-cavity-deflector-array consisting of longer vertical gold segments ( NCDAI-SNSPD ) into short- ( p- ) and long- ( 3p- ) periodic niobium-nitride ( NbN ) stripe-patterns .	In OC-SNSPDs the highest absorptance is observable at perpendicular incidence onto NbN stripes in P-orientation due to E-field concentration at the bottom of nano- cavities .	In short-periodic NCAI-SNSPDs off-axis illumination results in almost polar-angle-independent perfect absorptance due to collective resonances on plasmonic MIM nano-cavity-arrays in S-orientation .	In long-periodic NCAI-SNSPDs the surface wave-excitation phenomena promote EM-field transportation to the NbN stripes in S-orientation and results in local absorptance maxima .
+4	Furthermore , WPL does not assume that agents know the underlying game or the corresponding Nash Equilibrium a priori .	Several multiagent reinforcement learning ( MARL ) algorithms have been proposed to optimize agents decisions .	Due to the complexity of the problem , the majority of the previously developed MARL algorithms assumed agents either had some knowledge of the underlying game ( such as Nash equilibria ) and/or observed other agents actions and the rewards they received .	We introduce a new MARL algorithm called the Weighted Policy Learner ( WPL ) , which allows agents to reach a Nash Equilibrium ( NE ) in benchmark 2-player-2-action games with minimum knowledge .	Using WPL , the only feedback an agent needs is its own local reward ( the agent does not observe other agents actions or rewards ) .
+0	This paper is triggered by the preprint `` \emph { Computing Matrix Squareroot via Non Convex Local Search } '' by Jain et al .	( \textit { \textcolor { blue } { arXiv:1507.05854 } } ) , which analyzes gradient-descent for computing the square root of a positive definite matrix .	Contrary to claims of~\citet { jain2015 } , our experiments reveal that Newton-like methods compute matrix square roots rapidly and reliably , even for highly ill-conditioned matrices and without requiring commutativity .	We observe that gradient-descent converges very slowly primarily due to tiny step-sizes and ill-conditioning .	We derive an alternative first-order method based on geodesic convexity : our method admits a transparent convergence analysis ( $ & lt ; 1 $ page ) , attains linear rate , and displays reliable convergence even for rank deficient problems .
+4	In particular , the evidence of rotational effects is lacking at H-alpha , and the activity in the red and blue wings of the line is not significantly correlated , in contrast to the other Balmer lines .	We present time series spectroscopy of the Classical T Tauri star VZ Cha .	We follow spectral variations at intermediate resolution over five successive nights , or approximately two rotation periods .	We see profile features which persist on timescales longer than the expected infall time from the inner disc , and we see expected evidence of rotational variations in the lines , but we also note that rotation alone can not produce all the observed variability and some other mechanism must be invoked .	The behaviour of H-alpha is observed to be markedly different from that of the other lines .
+2	Suppose that the isotropy groups of $ G $ are amenable .	Suppose $ G $ is a second countable , locally compact , Hausdorff groupoid with a fixed left Haar system .	Let $ \go/G $ denote the orbit space of $ G $ and $ C^* ( G ) $ denote the groupoid $ C^* $ -algebra .	We show that $ C^* ( G ) $ is CCR if and only if $ \go/G $ is a $ T_1 $ topological space and all of the isotropy groups are CCR .	We also show that $ C^* ( G ) $ is GCR if and only if $ \go/G $ is a $ T_0 $ topological space and all of the isotropy groups are GCR .
+0	We report a detailed ab initio investigation on the optical properties of ice under a wide high pressure range .	The ice X phase ( up to 380GPa ) , the theoretical proposed higher pressure phase ice XV ( 300GPa ) , as well as the ambient pressure low-temperature phase ice XI are involved .	Our results show that the dispersion relations of optical properties of ice under high pressure are quite different from those under ambient pressure .	Under higher pressure , there is whole tendency of blue shift in all optical properties of ice , and the energy region for optical response become broader , such as the absorption band and reflection band .	In addition to the augmented absorption edge , all absorption peaks are found to be rising , and the reflection peaks are also enhanced a bit ; hence the transmissivity of ice is inferred to be dropping .
+4	Several important issues are addressed - the portability of expert knowledge to increase the efficiency of data analysis , the flexibility of the framework to incorporate new analyses , the performance and ease of use , and lessons learned for future projects .	Over a decade ago , the H1 Collaboration decided to embrace the object-oriented paradigm and completely redesign its data analysis model and data storage format .	The event data model , based on the RooT framework , consists of three layers - tracks and calorimeter clusters , identified particles and finally event summary data - with a singleton class providing unified access .	This original solution was then augmented with a fourth layer containing user-defined objects .	This contribution will summarise the history of the solutions used , from modifications to the original design , to the evolution of the high-level end-user analysis object framework which is used by H1 today .
+3	Under constant load , liquefaction of segmental motion permits strong flow that creates polymer-borne stress .	Glassy polymers show strain hardening : at constant extensional load , their flow first accelerates , then arrests .	Recent experiments have found this to be accompanied by a striking and unexplained dip in the segmental relaxation time .	Here we explain such behavior by combining a minimal model of flow-induced liquefaction of a glass , with a description of the stress carried by strained polymers , creating a non-factorable interplay between aging and strain-induced rejuvenation .	This slows the deformation enough for the segmental modes to re-vitrify , causing strain hardening .
+4	Using [ FeIIFe2III ( OBut ) 8 ] as precursor resulted in lower resistivity , higher MS and a sharper magnetization decrease at the Verwey transition ( TV ) .	We have investigated the magnetic and transport properties of nanoscaled Fe3O4 films obtained from Chemical Vapor Deposition ( CVD ) technique using [ FeIIFe2III ( OBut ) 8 ] and [ Fe2III ( OBut ) 6 ] precursors .	Samples were deposited on different substrates ( i.e. , MgO ( 001 ) , MgAl2O4 ( 001 ) and Al2O3 ( 0001 ) ) with thicknesses varying from 50 to 350 nm .	Atomic Force Microscopy analysis indicated a granular nature of the samples , irrespective of the synthesis conditions ( precursor and deposition temperature , Tpre ) and substrate .	Despite the similar morphology of the films , magnetic and transport properties were found to depend on the precursor used for deposition .
+0	In this work we present high resolution spectroscopic data of the giant star-forming region of N11 , obtained with the GIRAFFE instrument at the Very Large Telescope .	By using this data set , we find that most of the H $ \alpha $ emission lines profiles in this complex can be fitted by a single Gaussian , however , multiple emission line profiles can be observed in the central region of N11 .	By adding all the spectra , we derive the integrated H $ \alpha $ profile of this complex , which displays a width ( $ \sigma $ ) of about 12 km s $ ^ { -1 } $ ( corrected by instrumental and thermal width ) .	We find that a single Gaussian fit on the integrated H $ \alpha $ profile leaves remaining wings , which can be fitted by a secondary broad Gaussian component .	In addition , we find high velocity features , which spatially correlate with soft diffuse X-ray emission .
+3	Thus , we introduce the notion of Pragmatic Goals which have a dynamic satisfaction criteria .	Goal-models ( GM ) have been used in adaptive systems engineering for their ability to capture the different ways to fulfill the requirements .	Contextual GM ( CGM ) extend these models with the notion of context and context-dependent applicability of goals .	In this paper , we observe that the interpretation of a goal achievement is itself context-dependent .	We also developed and evaluated an algorithm to decide the Pragmatic CGM 's achievability .
+1	Unlike the standard framework , we focus on partitions whose atoms are disconnected sets .	In the dynamics of a rotation of the unit circle by an irrational angle $ \alpha\in ( 0,1 ) $ , we study the evolution of partitions whose atoms are finite unions of left-closed right-open intervals with endpoints lying on the past trajectory of the point $ 0 $ .	We show that the refinements of these partitions eventually coincide with the refinements of a preimage of the Sturmian partition , which consists of two intervals $ [ 0,1-\alpha ) $ and $ [ 1-\alpha,1 ) $ .	In particular , the refinements of the partitions eventually consist of connected sets , i.e. , intervals .	We reformulate this result in terms of Sturmian subshifts : we show that for every non-trivial factor mapping from a one-sided Sturmian subshift , satisfying a mild technical assumption , the sliding block code of sufficiently large length induced by the mapping is injective .
+1	The answer to this question necessitates characterizing the mapping between structure and function .	What is the relationship between brain and behavior ?	The aim of this paper is to discuss broad issues surrounding the link between structure and function in the brain that will motivate a network perspective to understanding this question .	As others in the past , I argue that a network perspective should supplant the common strategy of understanding the brain in terms of individual regions .	Whereas this perspective is needed for a fuller characterization of the mind-brain , it should not be viewed as panacea .
+1	The license describing these use-conditions typically accompanies the content as its metadata .	Digital Rights Management ( DRM ) prevents end-users from using content in a manner inconsistent with its creator 's wishes .	A resulting problem is that the license and the content can get separated and lose track of each other .	The best metadata have two distinct qualities -- they are created automatically without user intervention , and they are embedded within the data that they describe .	If licenses are also created and transported this way , data will always have licenses , and the licenses will be readily examinable .
+1	Beauville and Voisin singled out a 0-cycle c_X on X of degree 1 : it is represented by any point lying on a rational curve in X. Huybrechts proved that the second Chern class of a rigid simple vector-bundle on X is a multiple of the Beauville-Voisin class c_X if certain hypotheses hold and he conjectured that the additional hypotheses are unnecessary .	Let X be a projective complex K3 surface .	We believe that the following generalization of Huybrechts ' conjecture holds .	Let M and N be moduli spaces of stable pure sheaves on X ( with fixed cohomological Chern characters ) and suppose that they have the same dimension : then the set whose elements are second Chern classes of sheaves parametrized by the closure of M ( in the corresponding moduli spaces of semistable sheaves ) is equal to the set whose elements are second Chern classes of sheaves parametrized by the closure of N after a translation by a suitable multiple of c_X ( so that degrees match ) .	We will prove that the above statement holds under some additional assumptions .
+2	We suggest that structures dedicated to astronomy existed in every major Harappan city .	Astronomy arises very early in a civilization and evolves as the civilization advances .	It is therefore reasonable to assume that a vibrant knowledge of astronomy would have been a feature of a civilization the size of the Harappan Civilization .	One such city was Dholavira , an important trading port that was located on an island in what is now the Rann of Kutch during the peak of the Harappan Civilization .	We have analyzed an unusual structure at Dholavira that includes two circular rooms .
+4	We discuss the effect of the electron-boson coupling on the energy-dependent relaxation and assign the origin of the boson to a magnetic excitation .	Using femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we investigate the effect of electron doping on the electron dynamics in Ba ( Fe_ { 1-x } Co_x ) _2As_2 in a range of 0 & lt ; x & lt ; 0.15 at temperatures slightly above the N\'eel temperature .	By analyzing the time-dependent photoemission intensity of the pump laser excited population as a function of energy , we found that the relaxation times at 0 & lt ; E-E_F & lt ; 0.2 eV are doping dependent and about 100 fs shorter at optimal doping than for overdoped and parent compounds .	Analysis of the relaxation rates also reveals the presence of a pump fluence dependent step in the relaxation time at E-E_F = 200meV which we explain by coupling of the excited electronic system to a boson of this energy .	We compare our results with static ARPES and transport measurements and find disagreement and agreement concerning the doping-dependence , respectively .
+2	X-ray results will be complemented by multiwavelength characterization of new discoveries .	The EXTraS project ( Exploring the X-ray Transient and variable Sky ) will harvest the hitherto unexplored temporal domain information buried in the serendipitous data collected by the European Photon Imaging Camera ( EPIC ) instrument onboard the ESA XMM-Newton X-ray observatory since its launch .	This will include a search for fast transients , as well as a search and characterization of variability ( both periodic and aperiodic ) in hundreds of thousands of sources spanning more than nine orders of magnitude in time scale and six orders of magnitude in flux .	Phenomenological classification of variable sources will also be performed .	All our results will be made available to the community .
+2	In particular , this protocol is known to be throughput-optimal whenever the traffic patterns and propagation conditions are governed by a stationary stochastic process .	In this paper we consider the Max-Weight protocol for routing and scheduling in wireless networks under an adversarial model .	This protocol has received a significant amount of attention dating back to the papers of Tassiulas and Ephremides .	However , the standard proof of throughput optimality ( which is based on the negative drift of a quadratic potential function ) does not hold when the traffic patterns and the edge capacity changes over time are governed by an arbitrary adversarial process .	Such an environment appears frequently in many practical wireless scenarios when the assumption that channel conditions are governed by a stationary stochastic process does not readily apply .
+2	The conserving parts are calculated using the integral equation theory of homogeneous fluids .	A method for calculating pair correlation functions in a crystal is developed .	The method is based on separating the one- and two- particle correlation functions into the symmetry conserving and the symmetry broken parts .	The symmetry broken part of the direct pair correlation function is calculated from a series written in powers of order parameters and that of the total pair correlation function from the Ornstein- Zernike equation .	The results found for a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice show that the method provides accurate and detailed informations about the pair correlation functions in a crystal .
+2	These geometric structures can be found in the Voronoi tesselation of space defined by the packing .	There are deep , but hidden , geometric structures within jammed systems , associated with hidden symmetries .	These can be revealed by repeated transformations under which these structures lead to fixed points .	In this paper we examine two iterative processes : maximum inscribed sphere ( MIS ) inversion and a real-space coarsening scheme .	Under repeated iterations of the MIS inversion process we find invariant systems in which every particle is equal to the maximum inscribed sphere within its Voronoi cell .
+2	In such a system , electromagnetic waves in the junction are excited in the form of cavity modes manifested by Fiske resonances , which are easily observed experimentally .	We report a theoretical study of the macroscopic quantum dynamics in spatially extended Josephson systems .	We focus on a Josephson tunnel junction of finite length placed in an externally applied magnetic field .	We show that in the quantum regime various characteristics of the junction as its critical current $ I_c $ , width of the critical current distribution $ \sigma $ , escape rate $ \Gamma $ from the superconducting state to a resistive one , and the time-dependent probability $ P ( t ) $ of the escape are influenced by the number of photons excited in the junction cavity .	Therefore , these characteristics can be used as a tool to measure the quantum states of photons in the junction , e.g.quantum fluctuations , coherent and squeezed states , entangled Fock states , etc .
+1	We investigate the effects of ionising photons on accretion and stellar mass growth in a young star forming region , using a Monte Carlo radiation transfer code coupled to a smoothed particle hydrodynamics ( SPH ) simulation.Methods .	Aims .	We introduce the framework with which we correct stellar cluster masses for the effects of photoionising ( PI ) feedback and compare to the results of a full ionisation hydrodynamics code.Results .	We present results of our simulations of star formation in the spiral arm of a disk galaxy , including the effects of photoionising radiation from high mass stars .	We find that PI feedback reduces the total mass accreted onto stellar clusters by approximately 23 per cent over the course of the simulation and reduces the number of high mass clusters , as well as the maximum mass attained by a stellar cluster .
+1	A high-velocity bipolar outflow originating from the proto-stellar core SMA-1 was observed in the HCN ( 3-2 ) line , with a projected outflow axis in position angle 48 $ \arcdeg $ .	We report new results on outflow and infall in the star forming cores W3-SE SMA-1 and SMA-2 based on analysis of $ \sim2.5\arcsec $ resolution observations of the molecular lines HCN ( 3-2 ) , HCO $ ^+ $ ( 3-2 ) , N $ _2 $ H $ ^+ $ ( 3-2 ) and CH $ _3 $ OH ( 5 $ _ { 2,3 } -4_ { 1,3 } $ ) with the Submillimeter Array .	The detection of the outflow is confirmed from other molecular lines .	An inverse P-Cygni profile in the HCN ( 3-2 ) line toward SMA-1 suggests that at least one of the double cores accretes matters from the molecular core .	A filamentary structure in the molecular gas surrounds SMA-1 and SMA-2 .
+2	The multiscale reconstructing procedure is boosted when we start from the synthetic 3D configuration .	The simple entropic method to statistical reconstructing of heterogeneous three-dimensional media from a single two-dimensional image is briefly reported .	We apply the entropic descriptor quantifying spatial inhomogeneity that depends on length scale .	It is randomly generated with the overlapping spheres of a radius depending on the structure considered .	In our scenario , the simulated annealing terminates when all assigned temperature loops are completed .
+2	The tunneling spectra of the r-TLG exhibit four adjacent peaks , which are generated by the low-energy flat bands , flanking the charge neutrality point .	Recently , the rhombohedral trilayer graphene ( r-TLG ) has attracted much attention because of its low-energy flat bands , which are predicted to result in many strongly correlated phenomena .	Here , we demonstrate that it is possible to probe the stacking order and electronic spectrum of the r-TLG directly with a scanning tunneling microscopy around a monoatomic step edge of the top graphene layer .	Based on these spectra , the true energy gap and the energy gap at the K-point of the r-TLG are determined as about 9 meV and 23 meV , respectively .	The observed features are well reproduced by a low-energy effective Hamiltonian .
+3	Such `` changing look Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) '' are rare and provide us with important insights about AGN physics .	After the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae ( ASAS-SN ) discovered a significant brightening of the inner region of NGC 2617 , we began a ~70 day photometric and spectroscopic monitoring campaign from the X-ray through near-infrared ( NIR ) wavelengths .	We report that NGC 2617 went through a dramatic outburst , during which its X-ray flux increased by over an order of magnitude followed by an increase of its optical/ultraviolet ( UV ) continuum flux by almost an order of magnitude .	NGC 2617 , classified as a Seyfert 1.8 galaxy in 2003 , is now a Seyfert 1 due to the appearance of broad optical emission lines and a continuum blue bump .	Based on the Hbeta line width and the radius-luminosity relation , we estimate the mass of central black hole to be ( 4 +/- 1 ) x 10^7 M_sun .
+3	A kinetic term localized on the TeV brane for SU ( 2 ) _D will generically increase S , however an induced kinetic term for U ( 1 ) _ { B-L } on the TeV brane will lower S. With an appropriate choice of the value of this induced kinetic term S~0 can be achieved .	We calculate the tree-level oblique corrections to electroweak precision observables generated in higgless models of electroweak symmetry breaking with a 5D SU ( 2 ) _L x SU ( 2 ) _R x U ( 1 ) _ { B-L } gauge group on a warped background .	In the absence of brane induced kinetic terms ( and equal left and right gauge couplings ) we find the S parameter to be ~1.15 , while T , U~0 , as in technicolor theories .	Planck brane induced kinetic terms and unequal left-right couplings can lower S , however for sufficiently low values of S tree-level unitarity will be lost .	In this case the mass of the lowest Z ' mode will be lowered to about ~300 GeV .
+0	Proton and neutron densities have been obtained for the even-even isotopes of Sn from $ ^ { 100 } $ Sn to $ ^ { 176 } $ Sn using a Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model with a Skyrme interaction .	The matter densities so defined have been used with realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions in a folding model to specify optical potentials for the elastic scattering of protons with energies in the range 40 to 200 MeV .	Those potentials have been used to make predictions of the differential cross sections and spin observables for proton scattering .	As the target mass increases , the emergence of the neutron skin in the Sn isotopes is revealed by marked effects in the differential cross section .	Comparisons with available data show how similar scattering data for the neutron-rich isotopes may provide constraints for the model structures .
+3	In this paper , we extend the method to many body systems and quantum field theory .	Monte Carlo techniques with importance sampling have been extensively applied to lattice gauge theory in the Lagrangian formulation .	Unfortunately , it is extremely difficult to compute the excited states using the conventional Monte Carlo algorithm .	Our recently developed approach : the Monte Carlo Hamiltonian method , has been designed to overcome the difficulties of the conventional approach .	The Klein-Gordon field theory is used as a testing ground .
+3	The 29.97d Cepheid AQ Pup , of field reddening E ( B-V ) =0.47+-0.07 ( E ( B-V ) ( B0 ) =0.51+-0.07 ) , appears to be associated with B-type stars lying within 5 ' of it as well as with a sparse group of stars , designated Turner 14 , centered south of it at J2000.0 = 07:58:37 , -29:25:00 , with a mean reddening of E ( B-V ) =0.81+-0.01 .	A photometric UBV survey is presented for 610 stars in a region surrounding the Cepheid AQ Puppis and centered southwest of the variable , based upon photoelectric measures for 14 stars and calibrated iris photometry of photographic plates of the field for 596 stars .	An analysis of reddening and distance for program stars indicates that the major dust complex in this direction is ~1.8 kpc distant , producing differential extinction described by a ratio of total-to-selective extinction of R=Av/E ( B-V ) =3.10+-0.20 .	Zero-age main-sequence fitting for the main group of B-type stars along the line of sight yields a distance of 3.21+-0.19 kpc ( Vo-Mv=12.53+-0.13 s.e . ) .	AQ Pup has an inferred luminosity as a cluster member of & lt ; Mv & gt ; =-5.40+-0.25 and an evolutionary age of 3x10^7 yr. Its observed rate of period increase of 300.1+-1.2 s/yr is an order of magnitude larger than what is observed for Cepheids of comparable period in the third crossing of the instability strip , and may be indicative of a high rate of mass loss or a putative fifth crossing .
+2	We begin with an investigation of the regions of instability of the nonmagnetic towards the ferromagnetic state of a system of Mn-atoms doped in AB-type semiconductor .	A brief review of theory of ferromagnetism of dilute magnetic semiconductors of the form ( A , Mn ) B based on the double exchange model is first given .	A systematic investigation of the phenomena extending the current theory is outlined .	A self-consistent many-body theory of the ferromagnetic state is then developed , going beyond the mean field approaches by including fluctuations of the Mn-spins and the itinerant hole-gas .	A functional theory suitable for computation of system properties such as Curie temperature as a function of hole and the Mn-concentration , spin-current , etc .
+4	A detailed , self-consistent spectroscopic study of a sample of 13 narrow-lined B0V-B2V stars in Ori OB1 is performed .	Early B-type stars are invaluable indicators for elemental abundances of their birth environments .	In contrast to the surrounding neutral interstellar matter ( ISM ) and HII regions their chemical composition is unaffected by depletion onto dust grains and by the derivation of different abundances from recombination and collisional lines .	In combination with ISM or nebular gas-phase abundances they facilitate the dust-phase composition to be constrained .	Precise abundances of C , N , Mg , Ne , Fe in early B-type stars in the Orion star-forming region are determined in order to : a ) review previous determinations using a self-consistent quantitative spectral analysis based on modern stellar atmospheres and recently updated model atoms , b ) complement results found in Paper I for oxygen and silicon , c ) establish an accurate and reliable set of stellar metal abundances to constrain the dust-phase composition of the Orion HII region in Paper II of the series .
+2	It is shown that there exists a very simple relation involving $ |V_ { 11 } |^2 , |V_ { 33 } |^2 , \orh $ and $ \oet $ .	If the unitary quark- mixing matrix , $ V $ , is moduli symmetric then it depends on three real parameters .	This means that there is a relation between the four parameters needed to parametrize a general $ V $ .	This relation is compared with the present experimental data .	It is concluded that a moduli symmetric $ V $ is not ruled out .
+0	We present spectroscopic observations of the host galaxies of 82 low-redshift type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory ( PTF ) .	We determine star-formation rates , gas-phase/stellar metallicities , and stellar masses and ages of these objects .	As expected , strong correlations between the SN Ia light-curve width ( stretch ) and the host age/mass/metallicity are found : fainter , faster-declining events tend to be hosted by older/massive/metal-rich galaxies .	There is some evidence that redder SNe Ia explode in higher metallicity galaxies , but we found no relation between the SN colour and host galaxy extinction based on the Balmer decrement , suggesting that the colour variation of these SNe does not primarily arise from this source .	SNe Ia in higher-mass/metallicity galaxies also appear brighter after stretch/colour corrections than their counterparts in lower mass hosts , and the stronger correlation is with gas-phase metallicity suggesting this may be the more important variable .
+0	We show that results of a simple dynamical gedanken experiment interpreted according to standard Newton 's gravitational theory , may reveal that three-dimensional space is curved .	The experiment may be used to reconstruct the curved geometry of space , i.e.its non-Euclidean metric .	The perihelion of Mercury advance and the light bending calculated from the Poisson equation and the equation of motion in the curved geometry have the correct ( observed ) values .	Independently , we also show that Newtonian gravity theory may be enhanced to incorporate the curvature of three dimensional space by adding an extra equation which links the Ricci scalar with the density of matter .	Like in Einstein 's general relativity , matter is the source of curvature .
+1	As MT becomes increasingly desired for more and more language pairs and more and more domains , it becomes necessary to build test sets for each case .	Building machine translation ( MT ) test sets is a relatively expensive task .	In this paper , we investigate using Amazon 's Mechanical Turk ( MTurk ) to make MT test sets cheaply .	We find that MTurk can be used to make test sets much cheaper than professionally-produced test sets .	More importantly , in experiments with multiple MT systems , we find that the MTurk-produced test sets yield essentially the same conclusions regarding system performance as the professionally-produced test sets yield .
+1	The model yields an isocurvature perturbation too of mixed correlation with the adiabatic one .	We consider a supersymmetric grand unified model which leads to hybrid inflation and solves the strong CP and mu problems via a Peccei-Quinn symmetry , with the Peccei-Quinn field acting as a curvaton generating together with the inflaton the curvature perturbation .	Two choices of parameters are confronted with the Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe and other cosmic microwave background radiation data .	For the choice giving the best fitting , the curvaton contribution to the amplitude of the adiabatic perturbation must be smaller than 67 % at 95 % confidence level and the best-fit power spectra are dominated by the adiabatic inflaton contribution .	This case is disfavored relative to the pure inflaton scale-invariant case with odds of 50 to 1 .
+0	The unexpected rising flux of early-type galaxies at decreasing ultraviolet ( UV ) wavelengths is a long-standing mystery .	One important observational constraint is the correlation between UV-optical colours and Mg2 line strengths found by Burstein et al . ( 1988 ) .	The simplest interpretation of this phenomenon is that the UV strength is related to the Mg line strength .	Under this assumption , we expect galaxies with larger Mg gradients to have larger UV colour gradients .	By combining UV imaging from GALEX , optical imaging from MDM and SAURON integral-field spectroscopy , we investigate the spatially-resolved relationships between UV colours and stellar population properties of 34 early-type galaxies from the SAURON survey sample .
+4	The long-term behaviour of the system is briefly discussed , and could account for the high eccentricities observed for the extrasolar planets with semi-major axis a & gt ; 0.2 AU .	We present a mechanism related to the migration of giant protoplanets embedded in a protoplanetary disc whereby a giant protoplanet is caught up , before having migrated all the way to the central star , by a lighter outer giant protoplanet .	This outer protoplanet may get captured into the 2:3 resonance with the more massive one , in which case the gaps that the two planets open in the disc overlap .	Two effects arise , namely a squared mass weighted torque imbalance and an increased mass flow through the overlapping gaps from the outer disc to the inner disc , which both play in favour of an outwards migration .	Indeed under the conditions presented here , which describe the evolution of a pair of protoplanets respectively Jupiter and Saturn sized , the migration is reversed , while the planets semi-major axis ratio is constant and the eccentricities are confined to small values by the disc material .
+3	Gravitational radiation recoil can eject coalescing binary SBHs from nuclei , resulting in offset SBHs and lopsided cores .	The dynamics of galactic nuclei reflects the presence of supermassive black holes ( SBHs ) in many ways .	Single SBHs act as sinks , destroying a mass in stars equal to their own mass in roughly one relaxation time and forcing nuclei to expand .	Formation of binary SBHs displaces a mass in stars roughly equal to the binary mass , creating low-density cores and ejecting hyper-velocity stars .	We review recent work on these mechanisms and discuss the observable consequences .
+1	While the fractionalization of quantum numbers is one of the recurring themes in modern condensed matter physics , it often remains a challenge to devise a controlled analytical framework tracking this phenomenon .	Frustrated quantum magnets can harbor unconventional spin liquid ground states in which the elementary magnetic moments fractionalize into new emergent degrees of freedom .	A notable exception is the exactly solvable Kitaev model , in which spin degrees of freedom fractionalize into Majorana fermions and a Z2 gauge field .	Here we discuss the physics of fractionalization in three-dimensional Kitaev models and demonstrate that the itinerant Majorana fermions generically form a ( semi ) metal which , depending on the underlying lattice structure , exhibits Majorana Fermi surfaces , nodal lines or topologically protected Weyl nodes .	We show that the nature of these Majorana metals can be deduced from an elementary symmetry analysis of the projective time-reversal and inversion symmetries for a given lattice .
+0	We present observations of the peculiar supernova SN 1998bw , which was probably associated with GRB 980425 .	The photometric and spectroscopic evolution is monitored up to 500 days past explosion .	We also present modeling based on spherically symmetric , massive progenitor models and very energetic explosions .	The models allow line identification and clearly show the importance of mixing .	From the late light curves we estimate that about 0.3-0.9 solar masses of ejected Nickel-56 is required to power the supernova .
+2	The quality ( Q ) -factors of the fabricated microresonators are measured to be 4.2x10^4 at wavelengths near 1550 nm .	We report on fabrication of on-chip calcium fluoride ( CaF2 ) microdisk resonators using water-assisted femtosecond laser micromachining .	Focused ion beam ( FIB ) milling is used to create ultra-smooth sidewalls .	The Q factor is mainly limited by the scattering from the bottom surface of the disk whose roughness remains high due to the femtosecond laser micromachining process .	This technique facilitates formation of on-chip microresonators on various kinds of bulk crystalline materials , which can benefit a wide range of applications such as nonlinear optics , quantum optics , and chip-level integration of photonic devices .
+0	The problem of spatiotemporal event visualization based on reports entails subtasks ranging from named entity recognition to relationship extraction and mapping of events .	We present an approach to event extraction that is driven by data mining and visualization goals , particularly thematic mapping and trend analysis .	This paper focuses on bridging the information extraction and visualization tasks and investigates topic modeling approaches .	We develop a static , finite topic model and examine the potential benefits and feasibility of extending this to dynamic topic modeling with a large number of topics and continuous time .	We describe an experimental test bed for event mapping that uses this end-to-end information retrieval system , and report preliminary results on a geoinformatics problem : tracking of methamphetamine lab seizure events across time and space .
+1	We introduce a notion of 2-signature : such a signature specifies not only the terms of a language , but also reduction rules on those terms .	We give an algebraic characterization of the syntax and semantics of a class of languages with variable binding .	To any 2-signature $ S $ we associate a category of `` models '' of $ S $ .	This category has an initial object , which integrates the terms freely generated by $ S $ , and which is equipped with reductions according to the inequations given in $ S $ .	We call this initial object the language generated by $ S $ .
+4	Then , the observations of peculiar clockwise hysteresis loops , wide double-step transitions and large magnetization fluctuations in glasses containing a large amount of Fe are analyzed to reveal a change in short range order with Fe content .	In amorphous superconductors , superconducting and vortex pinning properties are strongly linked to the absence of long range order .	Consequently , superconductivity and vortex phases can be studied to probe the underlying microstructure and order of the material .	This is done here from resistance and local magnetization measurements in the superconducting state of Fe $ _ { x } $ Ni $ _ { 1-x } $ Zr $ _ { 2 } $ metallic glasses with $ 0\leq x \leq 0.6 $ .	Firstly , we present typical superconducting properties such as the critical temperature and fields and their dependence on Fe content in these alloys .
+4	The bounds we derive for magnetic moments of Majorana neutrinos are weaker than present experimental limits if $ \mu_\nu $ is generated by new physics at ~ 1 TeV , and surpass current experimental sensitivity only for new physics scales & gt ; 10 -- 100 TeV .	We analyze the implications of neutrino masses for the magnitude of neutrino magnetic moments .	By considering electroweak radiative corrections to the neutrino mass , we derive model-independent naturalness upper bounds on neutrino magnetic moments , $ \mu_\nu $ , generated by physics above the electroweak scale .	For Dirac neutrinos , the bound is several orders of magnitude more stringent than present experimental limits .	However , for Majorana neutrinos the magnetic moment contribution to the mass is Yukawa suppressed .
+4	Moreover we completely characterize the hyponormality and subnormality of symmetrically flat contractive 2-variable weighted shifts .	We study the class of hyponormal 2-variable weighted shifts with two consecutive equal weights in the weight sequence of one of the coordinate operators .	We show that under natural assumptions on the coordinate operators , the presence of consecutive equal weights leads to horizontal or vertical flatness , in a way that resembles the situation for 1-variable weighted shifts .	In 1-variable , it is well known that flat weighted shifts are necessarily subnormal ( with finitely atomic Berger measures ) .	By contrast , we exhibit a large collection of flat ( i.e. , horizontally and vertically flat ) 2-variable weighted shifts which are hyponormal but not subnormal .
+2	In this paper we propose a baryonic correction model that modifies the density field of dark-matter-only $ N $ -body simulations to mimic the effects of baryons from any underlying adopted feedback recipe .	Future large-scale galaxy surveys have the potential to become leading probes for cosmology provided the influence of baryons on the total mass distribution is understood well enough .	As hydrodynamical simulations strongly depend on details in the feedback implementations , no unique and robust predictions for baryonic effects currently exist .	The model assumes haloes to consist of 4 components : 1- hot gas in hydrostatical equilibrium , 2- ejected gas from feedback processes , 3- central galaxy stars , and 4- adiabatically relaxed dark matter , which all modify the initial dark-matter-only density profiles .	These altered profiles allow to define a displacement field for particles in $ N $ -body simulations and to modify the total density field accordingly .
+0	We present the $ D_4\times Z_2 $ flavor symmetry , which is different from the previous work by Grimus and Lavoura .	Our model reduces to the standard model in the low energy and there is no FCNC at the tree level .	Putting the experimental data , parameters are fixed , and then the implication of our model is discussed .	The condition to realize the tri-bimaximal mixing is presented .	The possibility for stringy realization of our model is also discussed .
+0	In the first part of the note , we consider a neutrino texture , where the Dirac and righthanded Majorana masses are proportional .	If the former are approximately proportional also to the charged lepton masses , then taking $ \Delta m^2_ { 32 } \sim3\times 10^ { -3 } $ eV $ ^2 $ we estimate approximately that $ \Delta m^2_ { 21 } \sim { \cal O } ( 10^ { -5 } $ eV $ ^2 ) $ , what is not very different from the recent KamLAND estimation $ \Delta m^2_ { 21 } \sim7\times 10^ { -5 } $ eV $ ^2 $ , consistent with the LMA solar solution .	In the second part , we show generically that the { \it invariance } of neutrino mixing matrix under the simultaneous discrete transformations $ \nu_e\to-\nu_e $ , $ \nu_\mu\to\nu_\tau $ , $ \nu_\tau\to\nu_\mu $ and $ \nu_1\to-\nu_1 $ , $ \nu_2\to-\nu_2 $ , $ \nu_3\to\nu_3 $ ( neutrino `` horizontal conjugation '' ) { \it characterizes } the familiar bilarge form of mixing matrix , favored phenomenologically at present .	Then , in the case of this form , the mass neutrinos $ \nu_1 $ , $ \nu_2 $ , $ \nu_3 $ get a new quantum number , { \it covariant } in their mixings ( neutrino `` horizontal parity '' , equal to $ -1 , -1 , 1 $ , respectively ) .	Conversely , such a covariance may be the { \it origin } of the bilarge mixing matrix .
+1	The substrate on which the DNA is fixed is a silica surface grafted with silanes molecules ended with amine groups .	In this work , we show that by varying the experimental conditions , the driving amplitude , a dynamic force microscope allows DNA properties to be selectively imaged .	Use of small oscillation amplitudes favors the attractive interaction between the tip and the sample , while use of large amplitudes renders the contribution of the attractive interaction negligible .	Particularly , at small amplitudes , the images show that the attractive interaction is strongly enhanced along the DNA .	This enhancement is found to be amenable with a model considering a narrow strip of randomly oriented dipoles on each side of the molecule .
+3	The degree of detwinning increases smoothly with decreasing temperature , and a single- domain condition is realized over a range of field and temperature .	In addition to unconventional high-Tc superconductivity , the iron arsenides exhibit strong magnetoelastic coupling and a notable electronic anisotropy within the a-b plane .	We relate these properties by studying underdoped Ba ( Fe { 1-x } Co { x } ) 2As2 by x-ray diffraction in pulsed magnetic fields up to 27.5 Tesla .	We exploit magnetic detwinning effects to demonstrate anisotropy in the in-plane susceptibility , which develops at the structural phase transition despite the absence of magnetic order .	At low temperatures we observe an activated behavior , with a large hysteretic remnant effect .
+3	There is no need for the extra free parameter allowed by a Sersic law .	We present H-band observations of the elliptical galaxy NGC4696 , the brightest member of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies .	We have measured its light profile , using a two-dimensional fitting algorithm , out to a radius of 180 arcsec ( 37 h^ { -1 } _ { 70 } kpc ) .	The profile is well described by a de Vaucouleurs law , with an effective radius of 35.3 +/- 1.0 h^ { -1 } _ { 70 } kpc .	Allowing for a variation of 0.3 % in the sky level , the profile obtained is compatible with data from 2MASS .
+4	In addition , we discuss definitions extending the notion of welded links to higher dimensions .	We define a generalization of virtual links to arbitrary dimensions by extending the geometric definition due to Carter et al .	We show that many homotopy type invariants for classical links extend to invariants of virtual links .	We also define generalizations of virtual link diagrams and Gauss codes to represent virtual links , and use such diagrams to construct a combinatorial biquandle invariant for virtual $ 2 $ -links .	In the case of $ 2 $ -links , we also explore generalizations of Fox-Milnor movies to the virtual case .
+2	The collision of two nerve impulses of orthodromic and antidromic propagation did n't result in the annihilation of the two signals contrary to the common notion that is based on the existence of a refractory period in the well-known Hodgkin-Huxley theory .	The collisions of two simultaneously generated impulses in the giant axons of both earthworms and lobster propagating in orthodromic and antidromic direction were investigated .	The experiments have been performed on the extracted ventral cords of Lumbricus terrestris and the abdominal ventral cord of lobster , Homarus americanus , by using external stimulation and recording .	However , the results are in agreement with the electromechanical soliton theory for nerve pulse propagation as suggested by Heimburg and Jackson ( Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci .	USA 102 , 9790 ( 2005 ) ) .
+0	Gibbs measure is one of the central objects of the modern probability , mathematical statistical physics and euclidean quantum field theory .	Here we define and study its natural generalization for the case when the space , where the random field is defined is itself random .	Moreover , this randomness is not given apriori and independently of the configuration , but rather they depend on each other , and both are given by Gibbs procedure ; We call the resulting object a Gibbs family because it parametrizes Gibbs fields on different graphs in the support of the distribution .	We study also quantum ( KMS ) analog of Gibbs families .	Various applications to discrete quantum gravity are given .
+1	The order-parameter-distribution histogram at the percolation threshold is studied in Erd\H { o } s-R\ ' { e } nyi networks , scale-free networks , and square lattice .	In this Letter , we show that the explosive percolation is a novel continuous phase transition .	In finite system , two well-defined Gaussian-like peaks coexist , and the valley between the two peaks is suppressed with the system size increasing .	This finite-size effect always appears in typical first-order phase transition .	However , both of the two peaks shift to zero point in a power law manner , which indicates the explosive percolation is continuous in the thermodynamic limit .
+4	In this paper , we focus on gravity modes , such as those occurring in gamma Doradus , slowly pulsating B ( SPB ) , or Be stars .	CoRoT and Kepler missions are now providing high-quality asteroseismic data for a large number of stars .	Among intermediate-mass and massive stars , fast rotators are common objects .	Taking the rotation effects into account is needed to correctly understand , identify , and interpret the observed oscillation frequencies of these stars .	A classical approach is to consider the rotation as a perturbation .
+4	It has an inferred central mass-to-light ratio of M/L~500 and , based on our studies of other dSphs , may possess a much larger total mass to light ratio .	The recently discovered Ursa Major dwarf spheroidal ( dSph ) galaxy candidate is about five to eight times less luminous than the faintest previously known dSphs And IX , Draco , and UMi .	In this Letter , we present velocity measurements of seven color-magnitude selected UMajor candidate stars .	Two of them are apparent non-members based on metallicity and velocity , and the remaining five stars yield a systemic heliocentric velocity of v=-52.45 +/-4.27 km/s and a central line of sight velocity dispersion of 9.3 ( +11.7 -1.2 ) km/s , with 95 % confidence that the dispersion is & gt ; 6.5 km/s .	Assuming that UMajor is in dynamical equilibrium , it is clearly dark matter dominated , and can not be a purely stellar system like a globular cluster .
+2	Overall , supernova ejecta are highly inhomogeneously dispersed throughout the simulations .	To constrain the properties of the first stars with the chemical abundance patterns observed in metal-poor stars , one must identify any non-trivial effects that the hydrodynamics of metal dispersal can imprint on the abundances .	We use realistic cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to quantify the distribution of metals resulting from one Population III supernova and from a small number of such supernovae exploding in close succession .	When the supernova bubbles collapse , quasi-virialized metal-enriched clouds , fed by fallback from the bubbles and by streaming of metal-free gas from the cosmic web , grow in the centers of the dark matter halos .	Partial turbulent homogenization on scales resolved in the simulation is observed only in the densest clouds where the vortical time scales are short enough to ensure true homogenization on subgrid scales .
+4	This allowed us to calculate the equilibrium population of grain charges and the ionisation fraction efficiently .	Recent work identified a growth barrier for dust coagulation that originates in the electric repulsion between colliding particles .	Depending on its charge state , dust material may have the potential to control key processes towards planet formation such as MHD ( magnetohydrodynamic ) turbulence and grain growth which are coupled in a two-way process .	We quantify the grain charging at different stages of disc evolution and differentiate between two very extreme cases : compact spherical grains and aggregates with fractal dimension D_f = 2 .	Applying a simple chemical network that accounts for collisional charging of grains , we provide a semi-analytical solution .
+4	We demonstrate these techniques through the use of PRISM , a probabilistic model-checking tool .	We establish fundamental and general techniques for formal verification of quantum protocols .	Quantum protocols are novel communication schemes involving the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena for representation , storage and transmission of data .	As opposed to quantum computers , quantum communication systems can and have been implemented using present-day technology ; therefore , the ability to model and analyse such systems rigorously is of primary importance .	While current analyses of quantum protocols use a traditional mathematical approach and require considerable understanding of the underlying physics , we argue that automated verification techniques provide an elegant alternative .
+3	A simple Lagrangian density constructed from combination of the standard Ricci tensor and a new tensor field that appears due to the immersion , leads to gravitational equations in which the vacuum energy gravitates with a different cosmological strength as in Phys.Rev .	We formulate Eddington 's affine gravity in a spacetime which is immersed in a larger eight dimensional space endowed with a hypercomplex structure .	The dynamical equation of the first immersed Ricci-type tensor leads to gravitational field equations which include matter .	We also study the dynamical effects of the second Ricci-type tensor when added to the Lagrangian density .	D { \bf 90 } , 064017 ( 2014 ) , rather than with Newton 's constant .
+3	We extend the modified finite volume HWENO based on first order monotone schemes for one-dimensional systems and two-dimensional scalar conservation laws .	We illustrate that numerical solutions of high order finite volume Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory ( HWENO ) scheme for some nonconvex conservation laws perform poorly or converge to the entropy solution in a slow speed .	The modified finite volume HWENO schemes based either on first order monotone schemes or a second order entropic projection following the work of Qiu and Shu [ SIAM J. Sci .	Comput. , 31 ( 2008 ) , 584-607 ] are proposed and compared for solving one-dimensional scalar problems .	Numerical tests for several representative examples will be reported .
+2	We use the regions of overlapping photometry and spectroscopy to test the reliability of the PAH fraction as determined from SED fits alone .	We present the results of modeling dust SEDs across the SMC with the aim of mapping the distribution of PAHs in a low-metallicity environment .	Using Spitzer Survey of the SMC ( S3MC ) photometry from 3.6-160 um over the main star-forming regions of the Wing and Bar along with spectral mapping from 5-38 um from the Spitzer Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC ( S4MC ) in selected regions , we model the dust SED and emission spectrum to determine the fraction of dust in PAHs across the SMC .	The PAH fraction in the SMC is low compared to the Milky Way and variable -- with relatively high fractions ( q_PAH~1-2 % ) in molecular clouds and low fractions in the diffuse ISM ( & lt ; q_PAH & gt ; =0.6 % ) .	We use the map of PAH fraction across the SMC to test a number of ideas regarding the production , destruction and processing of PAHs in the ISM .
+0	We report on a set of 5 GHz Urumqi observations of the galaxy M82 , made between August 2005 and May 2009 .	From the resulting flux densities , we detect a strong flare , starting in March or April and peaking in June 2008 .	We identify this flare with supernova SN 2008iz .	The time sampling of the radio light curve allows us to obtain information on the precursor mass-loss rate , the strength of the magnetic field in the radiating region , the explosion date , and the deceleration of the expanding shock .	We also check the possible contribution of Synchrotron Self Absorption ( SSA ) to the radio light curve and compare our model with other observations of the supernova at 22 GHz .
+1	Both algebras are constructed using the standard representation of $ S_n $ as a factorizable group , that is $ S_n = S_ { n-1 } C_n = C_nS_ { n-1 } $ .	We study the representations and their Frobenius-Schur indicators of two semisimple Hopf algebras related to the symmetric group $ S_n $ , namely the bismash products $ H_n = k^ { C_n } # kS_ { n-1 } $ and its dual $ J_n = k^ { S_ { n-1 } } # kC_n = ( H_n ) ^* , $ where $ k $ is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 .	We prove that for $ H_n $ , the indicators of all simple modules are +1 .	For the dual Hopf algebra $ J_n = k^ { S_ { n_1 } } # kC_n $ , the indicator can have values either 0 or 1 .	When $ n = p $ , a prime , we obtain a precise result as to which representations have indicator +1 and which ones have 0 ; in fact as $ p \to \infty $ , the proportion of simple modules with indicator 1 becomes arbitrarily small .
+2	We base interpretation of this phenomenon on surface tension forces between fundamental tubular blocks of the investigated structures that may also occur beneath the ocean surface .	In this paper we discuss hypotheses on formation of ocean skeletal structures .	These structures entered the ocean together with atmospheric precipitation and were assembled from fragments of skeletal structures present in clouds .	A capillary model is presented to explain formation of a network of interacting tubes .	Data about the nature of ocean skeletal structures can be instrumental in modeling many processes associated with physics of the ocean .
+1	This raises two questions together known as the cosmological constant problem a ) why is lambda so nearly zero ?	The astronomically observed value of the cosmological constant is small but non-zero .	b ) why is lambda not EXACTLY zero ?	Sorkin has proposed that b ) can be naturally explained as a one by square root N fluctuation by invoking discreteness of spacetime at the Planck scale due to quantum gravity .	In this paper we shed light on these questions by developing an analogy between the cosmological constant and the surface tension of membranes .
+2	Although most of the outliers show signs of recent star formation , gasdynamical effects are probably the dominant cause of their anomalous Tully-Fisher properties .	We use optical rotation curves to investigate the R-band Tully-Fisher properties of a sample of 90 spiral galaxies in close pairs .	The galaxies follow the Tully-Fisher relation remarkably well , with the exception of eight distinct 3-sigma outliers .	Four outliers with small emission line widths have very centrally concentrated line emission and truncated rotation curves ; the central emission indicates recent gas infall after a close galaxy-galaxy pass .	These four galaxies may be local counterparts to compact , blue galaxies at intermediate redshift .
+3	Contrary to the expectation that such absorption arises from unrelated low density HII regions ( or their envelopes ) along the line of sight , these data suggest that in this case the absorbing medium is directly linked to the SNR itself .	We present VLA images of the supernova remnant ( SNR ) 3C~391 at 74 , 330 , and 1465 MHz .	This remnant has been known for some time to exhibit a turnover in its integrated radio continuum spectrum at frequencies & lt ; 100 MHz , indicative of free-free absorption from thermal ionized gas along the line of sight .	For the first time , our data reveal the spatially resolved morphology of the low frequency free-free absorption with a resolution of ~70 arcsec .	3C~391 has been shown in a number of recent papers to be interacting with a molecular cloud .
+0	Using first principles calculations , we investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of the trigonally distorted ( R-3c ) perovskite-derived NiCrO $ _3 $ .	Within the local spin density approximation ( LSDA ) , our calculations show that this system is an exactly compensated half-metal ( CHM ) .	The local spin moments of Cr 2.04 , and antialigned Ni -1.41 and three oxygens -0.63 ( in the units of $ \mu_B $ ) , indicate high spin S=3/2 Cr $ ^ { 3+ } $ and S=3/2 ( NiO $ _3 $ ) $ ^ { 3- } $ units .	Considering reasonable values of the on-site Coulomb repulsion U on both Ni and Cr ions with LDA+U approach , this system becomes an insulator ( as reported by Chamberland and Cloud ) having a narrow gap in the spin-up channel , whereas the other channel has a large gap of ~3 eV .	Although inclusion of U seemingly leads to the transition Ni $ ^ { 2+ } -- & gt ; high spin S=3/2 Ni $ ^ { 3+ } $ , consistent with the experimentally observed effective moment , the zero net moment remains unchanged due to either reduction of oxygen local moments or enhancement of Cr local moment .
+1	On the other hand the theory of phase synchronization for weakly coupled complex oscillators has been one of the leading theories in physics for some 15 years with many applications to different areas of science .	The theory of cointegration has been the leading theory in econometrics with powerful applications to macroeconomics during the last decades .	For example in neuroscience phase synchronization is regarded as essential for functional coupling of different brain regions .	In an abstract sense both theories describe the dynamic fluctuation around some equilibrium .	In this paper we point out that there exists a very close connection between both theories .
+3	Furthermore , we found that the ring showed synchronized oscillation in a chain network composed of multiple rings .	We have investigated cooperative dynamics of an artificial stochastic resonant system , which is a recurrent ring connection of neuron-like signal transducers ( NST ) based on stochastic resonance ( SR ) , using electronic circuit experiments .	The ring showed quasi-periodic , tunable oscillation driven by only noise .	An oscillation coherently amplified by noise demonstrated that SR may lead to unusual oscillation features .	Our results suggest that basic functions ( oscillation and synchronization ) that may be used in the central pattern generator of biological system are induced by collective integration of the NST element .
+2	In a recent paper Bauschke , Luke , Phan and Wang ( 2014 ) showed that , locally , the fundamental method of alternating projections must converge linearly to a solution to the sparse feasibility problem with an affine constraint .	The problem of finding a vector with the fewest nonzero elements that satisfies an underdetermined system of linear equations is an NP-complete problem that is typically solved numerically via convex heuristics or nicely-behaved nonconvex relaxations .	In this work we consider elementary methods based on projections for solving a sparse feasibility problem without employing convex heuristics .	In this paper we apply different analytical tools that allow us to show global linear convergence of alternating projections under familiar constraint qualifications .	These analytical tools can also be applied to other algorithms .
+3	Inclusion of a fast mode wave leads to separation of turbulence into two regimes : small wave numbers where three-wave processes involving a fast mode is dominant , and large wave numbers where the three Alfven wave process is dominant .	The evolution of Alfven turbulence due to three-wave interactions is discussed using kinetic theory for a collisionless , thermal plasma .	There are three low-frequency modes , analogous to the three modes of compressible MHD .	When only Alfven waves are considered , the known anisotropy of turbulence in incompressible MHD theory is reproduced .	Possible application of the anisotropic Alfven turbulence to the interstellar medium and dissipation of magnetic energy in magnetars is discussed .
+3	We measure a relatively hard ( $ \Gamma=1.16_ { -0.32 } ^ { +0.37 } $ ) effective power-law photon index for a stack of the X-ray weak subsample , suggesting X-ray absorption , and spectral analysis of one PHL 1811 analog , J1521+5202 , also indicates significant intrinsic X-ray absorption .	We present an X-ray and multiwavelength study of 33 weak emission-line quasars ( WLQs ) and 18 quasars that are analogs of the extreme WLQ , PHL 1811 , at z ~ 0.5-2.9 .	New Chandra 1.5-9.5 ks exploratory observations were obtained for 32 objects while the others have archival X-ray observations .	Significant fractions of these luminous type 1 quasars are distinctly X-ray weak compared to typical quasars , including 16 ( 48 % ) of the WLQs and 17 ( 94 % ) of the PHL 1811 analogs with average X-ray weakness factors of 17 and 39 , respectively .	We compare composite SDSS spectra for the X-ray weak and X-ray normal populations and find several optical-UV tracers of X-ray weakness ; e.g. , Fe II rest-frame equivalent width and relative color .
+3	If ( quasi ) scale invariance is assumed , the length distribution in a single history tends to a lognormal form with a specific signature of the deviations from exact gaussianity .	We analyse a simple discrete-time stochastic process for the theoretical modeling of the evolution of protein lengths .	At every step of the process a new protein is produced as a modification of one of the proteins already existing and its length is assumed to be random variable which depends only on the length of the originating protein .	Thus a Random Recursive Trees ( RRT ) is produced over the natural integers .	Comparison with the very large SIMAP protein database shows good agreement .
+4	For intermediate bandwidth one finds mesoscopic fluctuations in the probability with amplitude inversely proportional to the square root of the volume of the pseudo continuum space .	We study the dynamics of a simple model for quantum decay , where a single state is coupled to a set of discrete states , the pseudo continuum , each coupled to a real continuum of states .	We find that for constant matrix elements between the single state and the pseudo continuum the decay occurs via one state in a certain region of the parameters , involving the Dicke and quantum Zeno effects .	When the matrix elements are random several cases are identified .	For a pseudo continuum with small bandwidth there are weakly damped oscillations in the probability to be in the initial single state .
+3	Their behaviour is qualitatively compatible with the existing experimental data .	Using the linear fractional transformation , connecting effective conductivities sigma_ { e } of isotropic two-phase systems with and without magnetic field , explicit approximate expressions for sigma_ { e } in a magnetic field are obtained .	They allow to describe sigma_ { e } of various inhomogeneous media at arbitrary phase concentrations x and magnetic fields .	the x-dependence plots of sigma_e at some values of inhomogeneity and magnetic field are constructed .	The obtained results are applicable for different two-phase systems ( regular and nonregular as well as random ) , satisfying the symmetry and self-duality conditions , and admit a direct experimental checking .
+3	The $ v_ { 2 } $ of direct photons ( $ v_ { 2 } ^ { \gamma_ { dir } } $ ) at mid-rapidity ( $ |\eta^ { \gamma_ { dir } } | & lt ; 1 $ ) and high p $ _ { T } $ ( $ 8 & lt ; p_ { T } ^ { \gamma_ { dir } } & lt ; 16 $ ~GeV/ $ c $ ) is extracted from those of $ \pi^ { 0 } $ and neutral particles measured in the same kinematic range .	Preliminary results from the STAR collaboration of the azimuthal anisotropy $ ( v_ { 2 } ) $ of $ \pi^ { 0 } $ and direct photon ( $ \gamma_ { dir } $ ) at high transverse momentum ( p $ _ { T } $ ) from Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energy $ \sqrt { s_ { _ { NN } } } =200 $ ~GeV are presented .	A shower-shape analysis is used to select a sample free of direct photons ( $ \pi^0 $ ) and a sample rich in direct photons $ \gamma_ { rich } $ .	The relative contribution of background in the $ \gamma_ { rich } $ sample is determined assuming no associated charged particles nearby $ \gamma_ { dir } $ .	In mid-central Au+Au collisions ( 10-40 $ \ % $ ) , the $ v_ { 2 } $ of $ \pi^0 $ ( $ v_ { 2 } ^ { \pi^ { 0 } } ( p_ { T } ) $ ) and charged particles ( $ v_ { 2 } ^ { ch } ( p_ { T } ) $ ) are found to be $ \sim $ 0.12 and nearly independent of p $ _ { T } $ .
+1	An inter-experimental study group on HEP data preservation and long-term analysis was convened as a panel of the International Committee for Future Accelerators ( ICFA ) .	Data from high-energy physics ( HEP ) experiments are collected with significant financial and human effort and are mostly unique .	The group was formed by large collider-based experiments and investigated the technical and organisational aspects of HEP data preservation .	An intermediate report was released in November 2009 addressing the general issues of data preservation in HEP .	This paper includes and extends the intermediate report .
+0	Parsing human body into semantic regions is crucial to human-centric analysis .	In this paper , we propose a segment-based parsing pipeline that explores human pose information , i.e.the joint location of a human model , which improves the part proposal , accelerates the inference and regularizes the parsing process at the same time .	Specifically , we first generate part segment proposals with respect to human joints predicted by a deep model , then part- specific ranking models are trained for segment selection using both pose-based features and deep-learned part potential features .	Finally , the best ensemble of the proposed part segments are inferred though an And-Or Graph .	We evaluate our approach on the popular Penn-Fudan pedestrian parsing dataset , and demonstrate the effectiveness of using the pose information for each stage of the parsing pipeline .
+3	Detecting faint edges under high levels of noise can not be done locally at the individual pixel level , and requires more sophisticated global processing .	Detecting edges is a fundamental problem in computer vision with many applications , some involving very noisy images .	While most edge detection methods are fast , they perform well only on relatively clean images .	Indeed , edges in such images can be reliably detected using only local filters .	Unfortunately , existing methods that achieve this goal are quite slow .
+4	The in-magnetic-field measurements evidence that the phonon features found in the second derivative of the current-voltage characteristics are due to the energy dependence of the superconducting energy gap as their energy position shrinks equally as the gap is closing .	Lortz et al . [ Phys.Rev .	B 73 , 024512 ( 2006 ) ] have utilized specific heat and resistivity measurements as `` thermal spectroscopies '' to deconvolve the spectrum of the electron-phonon interaction in YB $ _6 $ assuming a major role of the low frequency phonon mode in mediating superconductivity .	Here , we present direct point-contact spectroscopy studies of the superconducting interaction in this system .	As a result the normalized superconducting gap reveals a strong coupling with $ 2\Delta/k_BT_c = 4 $ and moreover the spectra contain nonlinearities typical of the electron-phonon interaction at energies around 8 meV .
+0	Making use of the duality transformation , we construct string representation for the partition function of the London limit of Abelian Higgs Model with an additional axionic term .	In the lowest order of perturbation theory , this term leads to the appearance in the resulting string effective action of a new threelocal interaction between the elements of the string world-sheet .	Consequently , there emerges a threelocal correlator of the dual field strength tensors , which does not contain the average over world-sheets , and is therefore nontrivial even in the sector of the theory with a single small vortex .	The relation between the obtained correlator and the bilocal one is established .	Finally , it is argued that the vacuum structure of the London limit of the Abelian Higgs Model with an additional axionic interaction is much more similar to that of gluodynamics rather than without this interaction .
+4	In particular , given a positive integer $ m $ different from $ p , p^2 $ for a prime $ p $ , we show that it is possible to construct a binary sensing matrix of size $ m \times c ( m\mu ) ^2 $ , where $ \mu $ is the coherence parameter of the matrix and $ c \in [ 1,2 ) $ .	In Compressed Sensing the matrices that satisfy the Restricted Isometry Property ( RIP ) play an important role .	But to date , very few results for designing such matrices are available .	For applications such as multiplier-less data compression , binary sensing matrices are of interest .	The present work constructs deterministic and binary sensing matrices using Euler Squares .
+4	For example , actual calculations were performed up to 1e50 Monte Carlo steps .	The dynamics of magnetic reversal process plays an important role in the design of the magnetic recording devices in the long time scale limit .	In addition to long time scale , microscopic effects such as the entropic effect become important in magnetic nano-scale systems .	Many advanced simulation methods have been developed , but few have the ability to simulate the long time scale limit and to accurately model the microscopic effects of nano-scale systems at the same time .	We develop a new Monte Carlo method for calculating the dynamics of magnetic reversal at arbitrary long time .
+4	We also provide predictions for three-body decays of the pentaquark antidecuplet .	We study the two-meson virtual cloud contribution to the self-energy of the SU ( 3 ) antidecuplet , to which the Theta+ pentaquark is assumed to belong .	This is motivated by the large branching ratio of the N ( 1710 ) decay into two pions and one nucleon .	We derive effective Lagrangians that describe the N ( 1710 ) decay into N-pi-pi with two pions in s or p wave .	We obtain increased binding for all members of the antidecuplet and a contribution to the mass splitting between states with different strangeness which is at least 20 % of the empirical one .
+1	We take the far detector as in the present NOvA proposal and add a second detector at a shorter baseline .	We consider a Super-NOvA-like experimental configuration based on the use of two detectors in a long-baseline experiment as NOvA .	The location of the second off-axis detector is chosen such that the ratio L/E is the same for both detectors , being L the baseline and E the neutrino energy .	We consider liquid argon and water-Cherenkov techniques for the second off-axis detector and study , for different experimental setups , the detector mass required for the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy , for different values of theta13 .	We also study the capabilities of such an experimental setup for determining CP violation in the neutrino sector .
+0	We characterize the set of market models when there are a finite number of traded Vanilla and Barrier options with maturity $ T $ written on the asset $ S $ .	From a probabilistic perspective , our result describes the set of joint distributions for $ ( S_T , \sup_ { u \leq T } S_u ) $ when a finite number of marginal law constraints on both $ S_T $ and $ \sup_ { u \leq T } S_u $ is imposed .	An extension to the case of multiple maturities is obtained .	Our characterization requires a decomposition of the call price function and once it is obtained , we can explicitly express certain joint probabilities in this model .	In order to obtain a fully specified joint distribution we discuss interpolation methods .
+3	Extending out from each filament are a few smooth , thin , nearly planar gaseous sheets .	Using a high resolution cosmological simulation of reionization we have examined the differing structures formed by gas and dark matter at a redshift of 5.1 .	Baryon-rich regions form a small number of filaments , which connect the largest galaxies in the simulation .	More detailed examination of the ten largest galaxies reveals long , slender gaseous filaments about 5 proper kpc in width radiating from the galaxy centers .	By contrast , the dark matter concentrates into quasi-spherical bodies .
+0	This article presents a signature-free distributed algorithm which builds an atomic read/write shared memory on top of an $ n $ -process asynchronous message-passing system in which up to $ t & lt ; n/3 $ processes may commit Byzantine failures .	From a conceptual point of view , this algorithm is designed to be as close as possible to the algorithm proposed by Attiya , Bar-Noy and Dolev ( JACM 1995 ) , which builds an atomic register in an $ n $ -process asynchronous message-passing system where up to $ t & lt ; n/2 $ processes may crash .	The proposed algorithm is particularly simple .	It does not use cryptography to cope with Byzantine processes , and is optimal from a $ t $ -resilience point of view ( $ t & lt ; n/3 $ ) .	A read operation requires $ O ( n ) $ messages , and a write operation requires $ O ( n^2 ) $ messages .
+0	Let U be a basepoint free four-dimensional subpace of the space of sections of bidegree ( a , b ) on X = P^1 x P^1 , with a and b at least 2 .	The sections corresponding to U determine a regular map from X to P^3 .	We show that there can be at most one linear syzygy on the associated bigraded ideal I_U in the bigraded ring k [ s , t ; u , v ] .	Existence of a linear syzygy , coupled with the assumption that U is basepoint free , implies the existence of an additional `` special pair '' of minimal first syzygies .	Using results of Botbol , we show that these three syzygies are sufficient to determine the implicit equation of the image of X in P^3 ; we also show that the singular locus must contain a line .
+2	We show that this phase transition can be apprehended from the parities of the occupied energy bands at the time-reversal invariant momenta up to the second order in the high-frequency limit , and that the Dirac fermions in the semimetallic phase are topologically stable under the inversion and time-reversal symmetries .	The electronic properties of phosphorene are reasonably described within a tight-binding approach and define a band insulator .	In this work , we report the possibility for the material to undergo a Lifshitz transition toward a semimetallic phase , when it is rapidly driven by an in-plane time-periodic laser field .	The phase diagrams it leads to are then addressed for elliptic and linear polarizations of the field .	Right at the transition , the dispersion relation refers to electrons that are non-relativistic in one direction , albeit massless in the orthogonal one .
+0	We examine new classes of GUT models where the GUT gauge group is broken by a 4D analogue of the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism .	These models are inspired by `` deconstructed '' 5D Scherk-Schwarz orbifold models .	However , no fine tuning of parameters or assumption of higher dimensional Lorentz invariance is necessary , and the number of lattice sites can be as low as just two .	These models provide simple ways to solve the doublet-triplet splitting problem , changes proton decay predictions , and may provide insight into the structure of the CKM matrix .	Since the number of fields in these models is finite , the corrections to the unification of gauge couplings can be reliably calculated , and as expected result only in threshold corrections to the differential running of the couplings .
+3	The pairing increases energy levels of impurities , and thus lowers doping efficiency .	Efficiency of ZnO doping with Ag and N shallow acceptors , which substitute respectively cations and anions , was investigated .	First principles calculations indicate a strong tendency towards formation of nearest neighbor Ag-N pairs and N-Ag-N triangles .	Binding of acceptors stems from the formation of quasi-molecular bonds between dopants , and has a universal character in semiconductors .	In the presence of donors , pairing is weaker or even forbidden .
+3	We derive the ray equations demonstrating the splitting of beams with different values of IOAM .	We consider propagation of a paraxial beam carrying the spin angular momentum ( polarization ) and intrinsic orbital angular momentum ( IOAM ) in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium .	It is shown that the presence of IOAM can dramatically enhance and rearrange the topological phenomena that previously were considered solely in connection to the polarization of transverse waves .	In particular , the appearance of a new-type Berry phase that describes the parallel transport of the beam structure along a curved ray is predicted .	This is the orbital angular momentum Hall effect , which resembles Magnus effect for optical vortices .
+1	It is well known that the Iterative LMMSE detection greatly reduces the system computational complexity by departing the overall processing into many low-complexity distributed calculations that can be executed in parallel .	This paper considers a Iterative Linear Minimum Mean Square Error ( LMMSE ) detection for the uplink Multiuser Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output ( MU-MIMO ) systems with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access ( NOMA ) , in which all the users interfere with each other both in the time domain and frequency domain .	However , it is generally considered to be suboptimal and achieves relatively poor performance due to its sub-optimal detector .	In this paper , we firstly present the matching conditions and area theorems for the iterative detection of the MIMO-NOMA systems .	Based on the matching conditions and area theorems , the achievable rate region of the Iterative LMMSE detection is analysed .
+1	Our main result is that , in a precise sense , the quality of this matching is tightly controlled by the lengths of the longest intervals in the barcodes of $ \ker f $ and $ \mathop { \mathrm { coker } } f $ .	We define a simple , explicit map sending a morphism $ f : M \rightarrow N $ of pointwise finite dimensional persistence modules to a matching between the barcodes of $ M $ and $ N $ .	As an immediate corollary , we obtain a new proof of the algebraic stability of persistence , a fundamental result in the theory of persistent homology .	In contrast to previous proofs , ours shows explicitly how a $ \delta $ -interleaving morphism between two persistence modules induces a $ \delta $ -matching between the barcodes of the two modules .	Our main result also specializes to a structure theorem for submodules and quotients of persistence modules , and yields a novel `` single-morphism '' characterization of the interleaving relation on persistence modules .
+1	Near the surface we approximate the fluid motion as plane-symmetric and the gravitational field as constant .	We investigate the run-up of a shock wave from inside to the surface of a perfect fluid star in equilibrium and bounded by vacuum .	We consider the `` hot '' equation of state $ P= ( \Gamma-1 ) \rho e $ and its `` cold '' ( fixed entropy , barotropic ) form $ P=K_0\rho^\Gamma $ ( the latter does not allow for shock heating ) .	We find numerically that the evolution of generic initial data approaches universal similarity solutions sufficiently near the surface , and we construct these similarity solutions explicitly .	The two equations of state show very different behaviour , because shock heating becomes the dominant effect when it is allowed .
+3	More specifically , the outcome sensitivity is the maximum difference among the values of evidence , the value of perfect information is the expected value of the values of evidence , and the value of control is the optimal value of the values of evidence .	In this paper , we introduce evidence propagation operations on influence diagrams and a concept of value of evidence , which measures the value of experimentation .	Evidence propagation operations are critical for the computation of the value of evidence , general update and inference operations in normative expert systems which are based on the influence diagram ( generalized Bayesian network ) paradigm .	The value of evidence allows us to compute directly an outcome sensitivity , a value of perfect information and a value of control which are used in decision analysis ( the science of decision making under uncertainty ) .	We also discuss an implementation and a relative computational efficiency issues related to the value of evidence and the value of perfect information .
+2	An 819 nm Ti : Sapphire laser is used for the second-step excitation from 5s [ 3/2 ] 1 to 5p [ 3/2 ] 1 , followed by a spontaneous decay to the 5s [ 3/2 ] 2 metastable level .	A room-temperature beam of krypton atoms in the metastable 5s [ 3/2 ] 2 level is demonstrated via an optical excitation method .	A Kr-discharge lamp is used to produce VUV photons at 124 nm for the first-step excitation from the ground-level 4p6 1S0 to the 5s [ 3/2 ] 1 level .	A metastable atomic beam with an angular flux density of 3 x 10^14 /s/sr is achieved at the total gas flow rate of 0.01 cm^3 STP/s ( or 3 x 10^17 atoms/s ) .	The dependences of the flux on the gas flow rate , laser power , and lamp parameters are investigated .
+3	Omission of the hidden momentum is contrary to the position of standard modern electrodynamics texts , and leads to violation of Newton 's law of action and reaction , negating Thomas 's result .	L. H. Thomas , in his 1927 paper , `` The Kinematics of an Electron with an Axis '' , explained the then-anomalous factor of one-half in atomic spin-orbit coupling as due to a relativistic precession of the electron spin axis .	Thomas 's explanation required also that the total of the orbit-averaged , or `` secular '' , orbital and spin angular momenta of the electron be a conserved quantity , as he found to be the case for either of two possible equations of translational motion of the magnetic electron .	Thomas 's finding is seen in the present work to require the `` hidden momentum '' of the electron intrinsic magnetic moment in the Coulomb field of the proton be omitted from its equation of translational motion .	Including the hidden momentum results in linear momentum conservation , but in the presence of Thomas precession , the total angular momentum is not generally conserved .
+3	These quantities can be used to study statistical systems with inhomogeneous boundary conditions , and , more interestingly maybe , dynamical problems in quantum impurity problems .	Boundary conditions changing operators have played an important role in conformal field theory .	Here , we study their equivalent in the case where a mass scale is introduced , in an integrable way , either in the bulk or at the boundary .	More precisely , we propose an axiomatic approach to determine the general scalar products $ { } _b & lt ; \theta_1 , ... , \theta_m||\theta'_1 , ... , \theta'_ { n } & gt ; _a $ between asymptotic states in the Hilbert spaces with $ a $ and $ b $ boundary conditions respectively , and compute these scalar products explicitely in the case of the Ising and sinh-Gordon models with a mass and a boundary interaction .	As an example , we obtain a series of new exact results for the transition probability in the double well problem of dissipative quantum mechanics .
+4	The predicted Mg and Ca outgassing rates from two Io-sized WASP-12b Trojans are $ \approx 2.2 \times 10^ { 27 } $ s $ ^ { -1 } $ and $ \approx 2.2 \times 10^ { 26 } $ s $ ^ { -1 } $ , respectively .	We suggest an additional possible plasma source to explain part of the phenomena observed for the transiting hot Jupiters WASP-12b and HD 189733b in their ultraviolet ( UV ) light curves .	In the proposed scenario , material outgasses from the molten surface of Trojan satellites on tadpole orbits near the Lagrange points L $ _4 $ and L $ _5 $ .	We show that the temperature at the orbital location of WASP-12b is high enough to melt the surface of rocky bodies and to form shallow lava oceans on them .	In case of WASP-12b , this leads to the release of elements such as Mg and Ca , which are expected to surround the system .
+1	Here a series of extensions of this matrix Gelfand-Dickey system is derived by means of a generalized Drinfeld-Sokolov reduction defined for the Lie algebra $ \widehat { gl } _ { pr+s } \otimes { \Complex } [ \lambda , \lambda^ { -1 } ] $ using the natural embedding $ gl_ { pr } \subset gl_ { pr+s } $ for $ s $ any positive integer .	The $ p\times p $ matrix version of the $ r $ -KdV hierarchy has been recently treated as the reduced system arising in a Drinfeld-Sokolov type Hamiltonian symmetry reduction applied to a Poisson submanifold in the dual of the Lie algebra $ \widehat { gl } _ { pr } \otimes { \Complex } [ \lambda , \lambda^ { -1 } ] $ .	The hierarchies obtained admit a description in terms of a $ p\times p $ matrix pseudo-differential operator comprising an $ r $ -KdV type positive part and a non-trivial negative part .	This system has been investigated previously in the $ p=1 $ case as a constrained KP system .	In this paper the previous results are considerably extended and a systematic study is presented on the basis of the Drinfeld-Sokolov approach that has the advantage that it leads to local Poisson brackets and makes clear the conformal ( $ \cal W $ -algebra ) structures related to the KdV type hierarchies .
+3	{ \bf 94 } , 200401 ( 2005 ) ) have introduced a model of two counter-propagating atomic Gaussian wavepackets incorporating dynamics of the incoherent scattering processes .	Bragg diffraction divides a Bose-Einstein condensate into two overlapping components , moving with respect to each other with high momentum .	Elastic collisions between atoms from distinct wave packets can significantly deplete the condensate .	Recently Zi\ ' { n } { \it et al . } ( Phys.Rev.Lett .	Here we study the properties of this model in detail , including the nature of the transition from spontaneous to stimulated scattering .
+0	Digital watermarking is the process to hide digital pattern directly into a digital content .	Digital watermarking techniques are used to address digital rights management , protect information and conceal secrets .	An invisible non-blind watermarking approach for gray scale images is proposed in this paper .	The host image is decomposed into 3-levels using Discrete Wavelet Transform .	Based on the parent-child relationship between the wavelet coefficients the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees ( SPIHT ) compression algorithm is performed on the LH3 , LH2 , HL3 and HL2 subbands to find out the significant coefficients .
+3	Using two-dimensional lattice sum and free energy perturbation theories , the coexisting phases for DNA bundles are calculated .	The effective DNA-DNA interaction force is calculated by computer simulations with explicit tetravalent counterions and monovalent salt .	For overcharged DNA molecules , the interaction force shows a double-minimum structure .	The positions and depths of these minima are regulated by the counterion density in the bulk .	A DNA-condensation and redissolution transition and a stable mesocrystal with an intermediate lattice constant for high counterion concentration are obtained .
+3	We show that string models where the inflaton is a fibration modulus seem to be robust due to an effective rescaling symmetry , and fairly generic since most known Calabi-Yau manifolds are fibrations .	Successful inflationary models should ( i ) describe the data well ; ( ii ) arise generically from sensible UV completions ; ( iii ) be insensitive to detailed fine-tunings of parameters and ( iv ) make interesting new predictions .	We argue that a class of models with these properties is characterized by relatively simple potentials with a constant term and negative exponentials .	We here continue earlier work exploring UV completions for these models , including the key ( though often ignored ) issue of modulus stabilisation , to assess the robustness of their predictions .	This class of models is characterized by a generic relation between the tensor-to-scalar ratio $ r $ and the spectral index $ n_s $ of the form $ r \propto ( n_s -1 ) ^2 $ where the proportionality constant depends on the nature of the effects used to develop the inflationary potential and the topology of the internal space .
+0	We analyze pattern-formation scenarios in the two-dimensional ( 2D ) complex Ginzburg-Landau ( CGL ) equation with the cubic-quintic ( CQ ) nonlinearity and a cellular potential .	The equation models laser cavities with built-in gratings , which are used to stabilize 2D patterns .	The pattern-building process is initiated by kicking a localized compound mode , in the form of a dipole , quadrupole , or vortex which is composed of four local peaks .	The hopping motion of the kicked mode through the cellular structure leads to the generation of various extended patterns pinned by the structure .	In the ring-shaped system , the persisting freely moving dipole hits the stationary pattern from the opposite side , giving rise to several dynamical regimes , with the pinned multi-soliton chain playing the role of the Newton 's cradle ( NC ) .
+4	For narrower GNRs , dependence of the mobility on the GNR width and carrier density can be qualitatively different .	Doping of semiconductor is necessary for various device applications .	Exploiting chemistry at its reactive edges was shown to be an effective way to dope an atomically thin graphene nanoribbon ( GNR ) for realizing new devices in recent experiments .	The carrier mobility limited by edge doping is studied as a function of the GNR width , doping density , and carrier density by using ab initio density functional and parameterized tight binding simulations combined with the non-equilibrium Green 's function formalism for quantum transport .	The results indicate that for GNRs wider than about 4nm , the mobility scales approximately linearly with the GNR width , inversely proportional to the edge doping concentration and decreases for an increasing carrier density .
+3	In the context of multiple populations , collisions between stars with different helium abundances should occur and contribute to the observed blue straggler population .	It has become clear in recent years that globular clusters are not simple stellar populations , but may host chemically distinct sub-populations , typically with an enhanced helium abundance .	These helium-rich populations can make up a substantial fraction of all cluster stars .	One of the proposed formation channels for blue straggler stars is the physical collision and merger of two stars .	This will affect the predicted blue straggler colour and luminosity function .
+0	The self-trapping phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensates ( BECs ) in optical lattices is studied extensively by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation .	Our numerical results not only reproduce the phenomenon that was observed in a recent experiment [ Anker { \it et al . } , Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 94 } ( 2005 ) 020403 ] , but also find that the self-trapping breaks down at long evolution times , that is , the self-trapping in optical lattices is only temporary .	The analysis of our numerical results shows that the self-trapping in optical lattices is related to the self-trapping of BECs in a double-well potential .	A possible mechanism of the formation of steep edges in the wave packet evolution is explored in terms of the dynamics of relative phases between neighboring wells .
+0	We present polarisation observations of the gravitational lens system B1422+231 made at 8.4 GHz using the VLBA and the 100m telescope at Effelsberg .	All four images of the quasar show structure on the milliarcsec scale .	The three bright images show tangential stretching as expected from lens models .	Some basic properties of gravitational lensing are exhibited by this system .	The surface brightness of images A and B are the same and the parity reversal expected in image B is revealed , for the first time , by polarisation observations .
+2	The more simple one allows transparent proofs in various situations .	We study the existence of the product of two weighted modulation spaces .	For this purpose we discuss two different strategies .	However , our second method allows a closer look onto associated norm inequalities under restrictions in the Fourier image .	This will give us the opportunity to treat the boundedness of composition operators .
+4	The lensing effect due to a possible companion object ( a star or the galactic center black hole ) of the gravitational wave source is also investigated in the framework of the classical microlensing theory .	In a recent paper [ Ruffa ] it was proposed that the massive black hole at the Galactic center may act as a gravitational lens focusing gravitational wave energy to the Earth .	Considering the gravitational wave signal emitted by galactic spinning pulsars , an enhancement in the gravitational wave intensity by a factor of a few thousand is found .	For galactic and extra-galactic sources the intensity enhancement can be as high as 4,000 and 17,000 , respectively .	In this note we consider the probability of significant signal enhancement from galactic and extra-galactic pulsars by the proposed mechanism and find that it is actually negligible .
+0	We present an ab initio study of the structural , electronic , and quantum transport properties of B-N-complex edge-doped graphene nanoribbons ( GNRs ) .	We find that the B-N edge codop-ing is energetically a very favorable process and furthermore can achieve novel doping effects that are absent for the single B or N doping .	The compensation effect between B and N is predicted to generally recover the excellent electronic transport properties of pristine GNRs .	For the zigzag GNRs , however , the spatially localized B-N defect states selectively destroy the doped-side spin-polarized GNR edge currents at the valence and conduction band edges .	We show that the energetically and spatially spin-polarized currents survive even in the fully ferromagnetic metallic state and heterojunction configurations .
+4	Populating these bound states lowers the total energy compared to the same number of free fermions .	In the standard model , stabilization of a classically unstable cosmic string may occur through the quantum fluctuations of a heavy fermion doublet .	We review numerical results from a semiclassical expansion in a reduced version of the standard model .	In this expansion the leading quantum corrections emerge at one loop level for many internal degrees of freedom .	The resulting vacuum polarization energy and the binding energy of occupied fermion energy levels are of the same order , and must therefore be treated on equal footing .
+4	Let P ( sigma ) = sigma^ { p-2 } v^ { - ( p-2 ) } + ... + sigma v^ { -1 } +1 in Z [ G ] , where v^n is understood ( mod p ) .	Let p be an odd prime .	Let K_p = Q ( zeta ) be the p-cyclotomic field .	Let pi be the prime ideal of K_p lying over p. Let G be the Galois group of K_p .	Let v be a primitive root mod p. Let sigma be a Q-isomorphism of K_p .
+0	We present grids of massive star evolution models at four different metallicities ( Z=0.004 , 0.002 , 0.001 , 0.00001 ) .	The effects of rotation on the stellar structure and the transport of angular momentum and chemical elements through the Spruit-Tayler dynamo and rotationally induced instabilities are considered .	After discussing uncertainties involved with the adopted physics , we elaborate the final fate of massive stars as a function of initial mass and spin rate , at each considered metallicity .	In particular , we investigate for which initial conditions long gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) are expected to be produced in the frame of the collapsar model .	Then , using an empirical spin distribution of young massive metal-poor stars and a specified metallicity-dependent history of star-formation , we compute the expected GRB rate as function of metallicity and redshift based on our stellar evolution models .
+4	We find that for large N , \alpha_N \approx 2 \sqrt { \log N } independently of \sigma^2 in case I .	We study the statistics of the number of records R_ { n , N } for N identical and independent symmetric discrete-time random walks of n steps in one dimension , all starting at the origin at step 0 .	At each time step , each walker jumps by a random length drawn independently from a symmetric and continuous distribution .	We consider two cases : ( I ) when the variance \sigma^2 of the jump distribution is finite and ( II ) when \sigma^2 is divergent as in the case of L\'evy flights with index 0 & lt ; \mu & lt ; 2 .	In both cases we find that the mean record number & lt ; R_ { n , N } & gt ; grows universally as \sim \alpha_N \sqrt { n } for large n , but with a very different behavior of the amplitude \alpha_N for N & gt ; 1 in the two cases .
+2	In our theory , the galactic disc consists of Toomre-mass GMCs embedded in a volume-filling ISM .	We present a two-zone theory for feedback-regulated star formation in galactic discs , consistently connecting the galaxy-averaged star formation law with star formation proceeding in giant molecular clouds ( GMCs ) .	Our focus is on galaxies with gas surface density Sigma_g & gt ; ~100 Msun pc^-2 .	Radiation pressure on dust disperses GMCs and most supernovae explode in the volume-filling medium .	A galaxy-averaged star formation law is derived by balancing the momentum input from supernova feedback with the gravitational weight of the disc gas .
+0	We investigate the thermodynamics of phase transition for $ ( n+1 ) $ dimensional Reissner Nordstrom ( RN ) -AdS black holes using a grand canonical ensemble .	This phase transition is characterized by a discontinuity in specific heat .	The phase transition occurs from a lower mass black hole with negative specific heat to a higher mass black hole with positive specific heat .	By exploring Ehrenfest 's scheme we show that this is a second order phase transition .	Explicit expressions for the critical temperature and critical mass are derived .
+1	This framework accounts for a nonlinear impact of trades on average market prices .	We consider the optimal trade execution strategies for a large portfolio of single stocks proposed by Almgren ( 2003 ) .	The results of Almgren ( 2003 ) are based on the assumption that no shares of assets per unit of time are trade at the beginning of the period .	We propose a general solution method that accomodates the case of a positive stock of assets in the initial period .	Our findings are twofold .
+4	This information can be used to predict limits on the lifetime of the Pixel Detector due to current , for various operating scenarios .	A measurement has been made of the radiation damage incurred by the ATLAS Pixel Detector barrel silicon modules from the beginning of operations through the end of 2012 .	This translates to hadronic fluence received over the full period of operation at energies up to and including 8 TeV .	The measurement is based on a per-module measurement of the silicon sensor leakage current .	The results are presented as a function of integrated luminosity and compared to predictions by the Hamburg Model .
+0	The recent paucity of sunspots and the delay in the expected start of Solar Cycle 24 have drawn attention to the challenges involved in predicting solar activity .	Traditional models of the solar cycle usually require information about the starting time and rise time as well as the shape and amplitude of the cycle .	With this tutorial , we investigate the variations in the length of the sunspot number cycle and examine whether the variability can be explained in terms of a secular pattern .	We identified long-term cycles in archival data from 1610 - 2000 using median trace analyses of the cycle length and power spectrum analyses of the ( O-C ) residuals of the dates of sunspot minima and maxima .	Median trace analyses of data spanning 385 years indicate a cycle length with a period of 183 - 243 years , and a power spectrum analysis identifies a period of 188 $ \pm $ 38 years .
+2	A set of histories is consistent when one can reason about them using Boolean logic , i.e. , when probabilities of sequences of events that define histories are additive .	Motivated by the advances of quantum Darwinism and recognizing the role played by redundancy in identifying the small subset of quantum states with resilience characteristic of objective classical reality , we explore the implications of redundant records for consistent histories .	The consistent histories formalism is a tool for describing sequences of events taking place in an evolving closed quantum system .	However , the vast majority of the sets of histories that are merely consistent are flagrantly non-classical in other respects .	This embarras de richesses ( known as the set selection problem ) suggests that one must go beyond consistency to identify how the classical past arises in our quantum Universe .
+0	The distribution of the apparent total energy emitted by a gamma-ray burst reflects not only the distribution of the energy actually released by the burst engine , but also the distribution of beaming angles .	Using the observed energy fluences , the detection thresholds and burst redshifts for three burst samples , I calculate the best-fit parameters for lognormal and power-law distributions of the apparent total energy .	Two of the samples include a small number of bursts with spectroscopic redshifts , while the third sample has 220 bursts with redshifts determined by the proposed variability-luminosity correlation .	I find different sets of parameter values for the three burst samples .	The Bayesian odds ratio can not distinguish between the two model distribution functions for the two smaller burst samples with spectroscopic redshifts , but does favor the lognormal distribution for the larger sample with variability-derived redshifts .
+1	We review the decay in minimal supersymmetric SU ( 5 ) , which is dominated by dimension-five operators , and discuss the implications of the failure of Yukawa unification for the decay rate .	The instability of protons is a crucial prediction of supersymmetric GUTs .	In a consistent SU ( 5 ) model , where SU ( 5 ) relations among Yukawa couplings hold , the proton decay rate can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the present experimental bound .	Finally , we discuss orbifold GUTs , where proton decay via dimension-five operators is absent .	The branching ratios of dimension-six decay can significantly differ from those in four dimensions .
+4	We discuss the implications of our results for the formation and evolution of observed extrasolar planetary systems .	Instabilities and strong dynamical interactions between several giant planets have been proposed as a possible explanation for the surprising orbital properties of extrasolar planetary systems .	In particular , dynamical instabilities would seem to provide a natural mechanism for producing the highly eccentric orbits seen in many systems .	Here we present results from numerical integrations for the dynamical evolution of planetary systems containing two identical giant planets in nearly circular orbits very close to the dynamical stability limit .	We determine the statistical properties of the three main types of systems resulting from the development of an instability : systems containing one planet , following either a collision between the two initial planets , or the ejection of one of them to infinity , and systems containing two planets in a new , quasi-stable configuration .
+0	In this paper we show that a \emph { one-to-one } correspondence exists between any dark energy model and an equivalent ( from a cosmological point of view , in the absence of perturbations ) quartessence model in which dark matter and dark energy are described by a single perfect fluid .	We further show that if the density fluctuations are small , the evolution of the sound speed squared , $ c_s^2 $ , is fully coupled to the evolution of the scale factor and that the transition from the dark matter to the dark energy dominated epoch is faster ( slower ) than in a standard $ \Lambda $ CDM model if $ c_s^2 & gt ; 0 $ ( $ c_s^2 & lt ; 0 $ ) .	In particular , we show that the mapping of the simplest quintessence scenario with constant $ w_Q \equiv p_Q/ \rho_Q $ into a unified dark energy model requires $ c_s^2 & lt ; 0 $ at the present time ( if $ w_Q & gt ; -1 $ ) contrasting to the Chaplygin gas scenario where one has $ c_s^2 & gt ; 0 $ .	However , we show that non-linear effects severely complicate the analysis , in particular rendering linear results invalid even on large cosmological scales .	Although a detailed analysis of non-linear effects requires solving the full Einstein field equations , some general properties can be understood in simple terms .
+1	The LBGs are selected using a combination of photometric redshifts and the u-band drop-out technique enabled by the introduction of an extremely deep u-band image obtained with the Keck I telescope and the blue channel of the LRIS spectrometer .	We present a sample of 407 z~3 Lyman break galaxies ( LBGs ) to a limiting isophotal u-band magnitude of 27.6 mag in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field ( UDF ) .	The Keck u-band image , totaling 9 hours of integration time , has a one sigma depth of 30.7 mag arcsec^-2 , making it one of the most sensitive u-band images ever obtained .	The u-band image also substantially improves the accuracy of photometric redshift measurements of ~50 % of the z~3 Lyman break galaxies , significantly reducing the traditional degeneracy of colors between z~3 and z~0.2 galaxies .	This sample provides the most sensitive , high-resolution multi-filter imaging of reliably identified z~3 LBGs for morphological studies of galaxy formation and evolution and the star formation efficiency of gas at high redshift .
+3	We then describe several highlights of the survey so far , including new estimates of the QSO luminosity function and its evolution .	With approximately 6000 QSO redshifts , the 2dF QSO redshift survey is already the biggest complete QSO survey .	The aim for the survey is to have 25000 QSO redshifts , providing an order of magnitude increase in QSO clustering statistics .	We first describe the observational parameters of the 2dF QSO survey .	We also review the current status of QSO clustering analyses from the 2dF data .
+1	Detailed examination suggested that the list of radioactive isotopes used for fitting was incomplete .	In conjunction with efforts to predict residual radiation levels in the Fermilab Main Injector , measurements of residual radiation were correlated with the time history of losses .	We will report on activation studies of magnet steel and copper samples which we irradiated adjacent to the Fermilab Main Injector collimation system .	Our results identified several additional radioactive isotopes of interest .	The MARS15 studies using a simplified model are compared with measurements .
+0	We develop a unified model of hadrons and quarks .	Within this approach we investigate the phase structure of the model as function of temperature and chemical potential .	Computing the equation of state of cold matter we determine neutron and hybrid star masses and radii .	In an extension of the investigation we consider the cooling behavior of the compact stars and derive a general relation between the star 's mass and rotation and its cooling behavior .	Finally we study the effect of Delta resonances for star matter , especially with respect to possible solutions of stars with small radii .
+2	A comparison is made when each cavity is coupled to own reservoir or both cavities are coupled to a common reservoir .	Dynamics of entangled states of two independent single-mode cavities in squeezed reservoirs is investigated in the context of matching of the correlations contained in the entangled states to those contained in the squeezed reservoir .	We illustrate our considerations by examining the time evolution of entanglement of single and double excitation NOON and EPR states .	It is shown that the evolution of the initial entanglement and transfer of entanglement from the squeezed reservoir to the cavity modes depend crucially on the matching of the initial correlations to that contained in the squeezed reservoir .	In particular , it is found that initially entangled modes with correlations different from the reservoir correlations prevent the transfer of the correlations from the squeezed field to the modes .
+2	Current knowledge about them at three loops has been inferred by means of crossing symmetry from their related space-like counterparts , the deep-inelastic structure functions and parton densities .	We report on the status an ab initio computation of the time-like splitting functions at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD .	Time-like splitting functions govern the collinear kinematics of inclusive hadron production in $ e^+e^- $ annihilation and the evolution of the parton fragmentation distributions .	In this approach certain parts of the off-diagonal quark-gluon splitting function are left undetermined , which calls for an independent calculation from first principles .	We outline the method for calculating master integrals from differential equations which are required to attack the problem .
+3	The design of an expansion diaphragm to compensate for differential expansion due to temperature changes is described .	We present the design details of oil-coupled lens groups used in the KOSMOS spectrograph camera .	The oil-coupled groups use silicone rubber O-rings in a unique way to accurately center lens elements with high radial and axial stiffness while also allowing easy assembly .	The O-rings robustly seal the oil within the lens gaps to prevent oil migration .	The issues of lens assembly , lens gap shimming , oil filling and draining , bubble mitigation , material compatibility , mechanical inspection , and optical testing are discussed .
+4	The new term in the action is akin to a curvature-dependent cosmological `` constant '' .	We argue that four-dimensional quantum gravity may be essentially renormalizable if one relaxes the assumption of metricity of the theory .	We work with Plebanski formulation of general relativity in which the metric ( tetrad ) , the connection , and the curvature are all independent variables and the usual relations among these quantities are valid only on-shell .	One of the Euler-Lagrange equations of this theory ensures its metricity .	We show that quantum corrected action contains a counterterm that destroys this metricity property , and that no other counterterms appear , at least , at the one-loop level .
+2	Here , we compare CCD-based data from Suzaku with Fe K line profiles from archival data taken with gas-based spectrometers .	Relativistic X-ray disk-lines have been found in multiple neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries , in close analogy with black holes across the mass-scale .	These lines have tremendous diagnostic power and have been used to constrain stellar radii and magnetic fields , often finding values that are consistent with independent timing techniques .	In general , we find good consistency between the gas-based line profiles from EXOSAT , BeppoSAX and RXTE and the CCD data from Suzaku , demonstrating that the broad profiles seen are intrinsic to the line and not broad due to instrumental issues .	However , we do find that when fitting with a Gaussian line profile , the width of the Gaussian can depend on the continuum model in instruments with low spectral resolution , though when the different models fit equally well the line widths generally agree .
+4	In all our simulations the outflow is composed of a combination of tidally- and shock-driven ejecta , mostly distributed over a broad $ \sim 60^\circ $ angle from the orbital plane , and , to a lesser extent , by thermally driven winds at high latitudes .	We present fully general-relativistic simulations of binary neutron star mergers with a temperature and composition dependent nuclear equation of state .	We study the dynamical mass ejection from both quasi-circular and dynamical-capture eccentric mergers .	We systematically vary the level of our treatment of the microphysics to isolate the effects of neutrino cooling and heating and we compute the nucleosynthetic yields of the ejecta .	We find that eccentric binaries can eject significantly more material than quasi-circular binaries and generate bright infrared and radio emission .
+4	We study the following two problems : ( i ) Given a fixed budget , find the optimal allocation of preventive and corrective resources in the network to achieve the highest level of containment , and ( ii ) when a budget is not specified , find the minimum budget required to control the spreading process .	We study the problem of containing spreading processes in arbitrary directed networks by distributing protection resources throughout the nodes of the network .	We consider two types of protection resources are available : ( i ) Preventive resources able to defend nodes against the spreading ( such as vaccines in a viral infection process ) , and ( ii ) corrective resources able to neutralize the spreading after it has reached a node ( such as antidotes ) .	We assume that both preventive and corrective resources have an associated cost and study the problem of finding the cost-optimal distribution of resources throughout the nodes of the network .	We analyze these questions in the context of viral spreading processes in directed networks .
+3	Our prototypical all-2D transistor is further integrated with a multilayer graphene charge trapping layer into a device that can be operated as a nonvolatile memory cell .	Memory cells are an important building block of digital electronics .	We combine here the unique electronic properties of semiconducting monolayer MoS2 with the high conductivity of graphene to build a 2D heterostructure capable of information storage .	MoS2 acts as a channel in an intimate contact with graphene electrodes in a field-effect transistor geometry .	Because of its band gap and 2D nature , monolayer MoS2 is highly sensitive to the presence of charges in the charge trapping layer , resulting in a factor of 10000 difference between memory program and erase states .
+3	When comparing the influence of feeder location ( i.e.climate ) versus feeder type on outcomes , we find that location more strongly influences the incidence of reverse power flow , reductions in peak loading and the presence of voltage excursions .	Deployment of high-penetration photovoltaic ( PV ) power is expected to have a range of effects -- both positive and negative -- on the distribution grid .	The magnitude of these effects may vary greatly depending upon feeder topology , climate , PV penetration level , and other factors .	In this paper we present a simulation study of eight representative distribution feeders in three California climates at PV penetration levels up to 100\ % , supported by a unique database of distributed PV generation data that enables us to capture the impact of PV variability on feeder voltage and voltage regulating equipment .	On the other hand , we find that feeder characteristics more strongly influence the magnitude of loss reduction and changes in voltage regulator operations .
+0	We use information theoretic achievable rate formulas for the multi-relay channel to study the problem of optimal placement of relay nodes along the straight line joining a source node and a sink node .	The achievable rate formulas that we use are for full-duplex radios at the relays and decode- and-forward relaying .	For the single relay case , and individual power constraints at the source node and the relay node , we provide explicit formulas for the optimal relay location and the optimal power allocation to the source-relay channel , for the exponential and the power-law path-loss channel models .	For the multiple relay case , we consider exponential path-loss and a total power constraint over the source and the relays , and derive an optimization problem , the solution of which provides the optimal relay locations .	Numerical results suggest that at low attenuation the relays are mostly clustered close to the source in order to be able to cooperate among themselves , whereas at high attenuation they are uniformly placed and work as repeaters .
+0	This paper introduces an abductive framework for updating knowledge bases represented by extended disjunctive programs .	We first provide a simple transformation from abductive programs to update programs which are logic programs specifying changes on abductive hypotheses .	Then , extended abduction , which was introduced by the same authors as a generalization of traditional abduction , is computed by the answer sets of update programs .	Next , different types of updates , view updates and theory updates are characterized by abductive programs and computed by update programs .	The task of consistency restoration is also realized as special cases of these updates .
+0	A Roman dominating function on a graph $ G $ is a labeling $ f : V ( G ) \rightarrow \ { 0 , 1 , 2\ } $ such that every vertex with label $ 0 $ has a neighbor with label $ 2 $ .	The Roman domination number , $ \gamma_R ( G ) $ , of $ G $ is the minimum of $ \Sigma_ { v\in V ( G ) } f ( v ) $ over such functions .	The Roman bondage number $ b_R ( G ) $ is the cardinality of a smallest set of edges whose removal from $ G $ results in a graph with Roman domination number not equal to $ \gamma_R ( G ) $ .	In this paper we obtain upper bounds on $ b_ { R } ( G ) $ in terms of ( a ) the average degree and maximum degree , and ( b ) Euler characteristic , girth and maximum degree .	We also show that the Roman bondage number of every graph which admits a $ 2 $ -cell embedding on a surface with non negative Euler characteristic does not exceed $ 15 $ .
+4	We consider examples of four-dimensional Hilbert space corresponding to the `` quantum roulette '' and `` quantum compass . ''	We introduce the notion of hidden quantum correlations .	We present the mean values of observables depending on one classical random variable described by the probability distribution in the form of correlation functions of two ( three , etc . )	random variables described by the corresponding joint probability distributions .	We develop analogous constructions for the density matrices of quantum states and quantum observables .
+1	Here we present theoretical analysis of the waves of electrical activity that can rise on the boundary of cardiac cell network upon its recovery from ischaemia-like conditions .	Abnormal electrical activity from the boundaries of ischemic cardiac tissue is recognized as one of the major causes in generation of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias .	The main factors included in our analysis are macroscopic gradients of the cell-to-cell coupling and cell excitability and microscopic heterogeneity of individual cells .	The interplay between these factors allows one to explain how spirals form , drift together with the moving boundary , get transiently pinned to local inhomogeneities , and finally penetrate into the bulk of the well-coupled tissue where they reach macroscopic scale .	The asymptotic theory of the drift of spiral and scroll waves based on response functions provides explanation of the drifts involved in this mechanism , with the exception of effects due to the discreteness of cardiac tissue .
+0	The quasiclassical correction to the Moliere 's formula for multiple scattering is derived .	The consideration is based on the scattering amplitude , obtained with the first quasiclassical correction taken into account for arbitrary localized but not spherically symmetric potential .	Unlike the leading term , the correction to the Moliere 's formula contains the target density $ n $ and thickness $ L $ not only in the combination $ nL $ ( areal density ) .	Therefore , this correction can be reffered to as the bulk density correction .	It turns out that the bulk density correction is small even for high density .
+0	In noncommutative field theories , it was known that one-loop effective action describes propagation of non-interacting open Wilson lines , obeying the flying dipole 's relation .	We show that two-loop effective action describes cubic interaction among `closed string ' states created by open Wilson lines .	Taking d-dimensional noncommutative [ \Phi^3 ] theory as the simplest setup , we compute nonplanar contribution at low-energy and large noncommutativity limit .	We find that the contribution is expressible in a remarkably simple cubic interaction involving scalar open Wilson lines only and nothing else .	We show that the interaction is purely geometrical and noncommutative in nature , depending only on sizes of each open Wilson line .
+0	We study static spherically symmetric solutions of massive bi-gravity theory , free from the Boulware-Deser ghost .	We show the recovery of General Relativity via the Vainshtein mechanism , in the weak limit of the physical metric .	We find a single polynomial equation determining the behavior of the solution for distances smaller than the inverse graviton mass .	This equation is generically of the seventh order , while for a specific choice of the parameters of the theory it can be reduced to lower orders .	The solution is analytic in different regimes : for distances below the Vainshtein radius ( where General Relativity is recovered ) , and in the opposite regime , beyond the Vainshtein radius , where the solution approaches the flat metric .
+3	This time , not only natural sciences , but also all of human knowledge is being integrated in a global network such as Internet with its diverse knowledge and language communities .	The historical development has lead to the decay of Natural Philosophy which until 19th century included all of our knowledge about the physical world into the growing multitude of specialized sciences .	The focus on the in-depth enquiry disentangled from its broad context lead to the problem of loss of common world-view and impossibility of communication between specialist research fields because of different languages they developed in isolation .	The need for a new unifying framework is becoming increasingly apparent with the information technology enabling and intensifying the communication between different research fields and knowledge communities .	Info-computationalism ( ICON ) as a synthesis of pancomputationalism and paninformationalism presents a unifying framework for understanding of natural phenomena including living beings and their cognition , their ways of processing information and producing knowledge .
+1	However , DSEs are essentially an infinite set of coupled Green 's functions , it 's necessary to decouple parts of the equations which are thought of major physical importance to make the solution of these equations possible .	The studies of Dyson-Schwinger Equations ( DSEs ) provide us with insights into nonperturbative phenomenon of quantum field theory .	Although the results are model-dependent , no qualitative deviations from exact solutions are expected with properly chosen truncation scheme .	In this article , a globally convergent numerical method for the solution of the DSEs of QED $ _3 $ in Euclidean space is presented .	This method can be adapted for more complex problems , however , it also shows its limitations when adopted in problems such as the searching for Wigner solutions .
+2	Although two-photon ionization takes place through the near-resonant intermediate states with the same symmetry in both cases , it turns out that there are significant differences between them .	We theoretically study multiphoton ionization of the Ca atom irradiated by the second ( photon energy 3.1 eV ) and third ( photon energy 4.65 eV ) harmonics of Ti : sapphire laser pulses ( photon energy 1.55 eV ) .	Because of the dense energy level structure the second and third harmonics of a Ti : sapphire laser are nearly single-photon resonant with the $ { 4s4p } $ $ ^1P^o $ and $ { 4s5p } $ $ ^1P^o $ states , respectively .	The photoelectron energy spectra exhibit the absence/presence of substructures .	More interestingly , the photoelectron angular distributions clearly show that the main contribution to the ionization processes by the third harmonic arises from the far off-resonant $ { 4s4p } $ $ ^1P^o $ state rather than the near-resonant $ { 4s5p } $ $ ^1P^o $ state .
+3	In this work , we provide classification results for finite-dimensional pointed Galois-theoretical Hopf algebras H of finite Cartan type .	This is a continuation of the authors ' study of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras H which act inner faithfully on commutative domains .	As mentioned in Part I of this work , the study boils down to the case where H acts inner faithfully on a field .	These Hopf algebras are referred to as Galois-theoretical .	Namely , we determine when such H of type A_1^ { \times r } and some H of rank two possess the Galois-theoretical property .
+2	This model is motivated by the ever-growing ubiquity of network processors architectures , which must deal with heterogeneously-sized traffic , with heterogeneous processing requirements .	We consider the fundamental problem of managing a bounded size queue buffer where traffic consists of packets of varying size , where each packet requires several rounds of processing before it can be transmitted from the queue buffer .	The goal in such an environment is to maximize the overall size of packets that are successfully transmitted .	Our work addresses the tension between two conflicting algorithmic approaches in such settings : the tendency to favor packets with fewer processing requirements , thus leading to fast contributions to the accumulated throughput , as opposed to preferring packets of larger size , which imply a large increase in throughput at each step .	We present a model for studying such systems , and present competitive algorithms whose performance depend on the maximum size a packet may have , and maximum amount of processing a packet may require .
+0	We consider the problem of full information maximum likelihood ( FIML ) estimation in a factor analysis model when a majority of the data values are missing .	The expectation-maximization ( EM ) algorithm is often used to find the FIML estimates , in which the missing values on observed variables are included in complete data .	However , the EM algorithm has an extremely high computational cost when the number of observations is large and/or plenty of missing values are involved .	In this paper , we propose a new algorithm that is based on the EM algorithm but that efficiently computes the FIML estimates .	A significant improvement in the computational speed is realized by not treating the missing values on observed variables as a part of complete data .
+1	A three-level trigger system has been designed to achieve this goal .	The ATLAS detector at CERN 's Large Hadron Collider will be exposed to proton-proton collisions from beams crossing at 40 MHz that have to be reduced to the few 100 Hz allowed by the storage systems .	We describe the configuration system under construction for the ATLAS trigger chain .	It provides the trigger system with all the parameters required for decision taking and to record its history .	The same system configures the event reconstruction , Monte Carlo simulation and data analysis , and provides tools for accessing and manipulating the configuration data in all contexts .
+0	Dimensional regularization is applied to the computation of the gravitational wave field generated by compact binaries at the third post-Newtonian ( 3PN ) approximation .	We generalize the wave generation formalism from isolated post-Newtonian matter systems to d spatial dimensions , and apply it to point masses ( without spins ) , modelled by delta-function singularities .	We find that the quadrupole moment of point-particle binaries in harmonic coordinates contains a pole when epsilon = d-3 - & gt ; 0 at the 3PN order .	It is proved that the pole can be renormalized away by means of the same shifts of the particle world-lines as in our recent derivation of the 3PN equations of motion .	The resulting renormalized ( finite when epsilon - & gt ; 0 ) quadrupole moment leads to unique values for the ambiguity parameters xi , kappa and zeta , which were introduced in previous computations using Hadamard 's regularization .
+1	Confinement is introduced by limiting the number of particles on a lattice site .	We study the adsorption and desorption kinetics of interacting particles moving on a one-dimensional lattice .	Adsorption and desorption are found to proceed at different rates , and are strongly influenced by the concentration-dependent transport diffusion .	Analytical solutions for the transport and self-diffusion are given for systems of length 1 and 2 and for a zero-range process .	In the last situation the self- and transport diffusion can be calculated analytically for any length .
+3	To prove the norm bound , we follow an approach which has its roots in the study of classical rate equations .	Hypercontractivity of a quantum dynamical semigroup has strong implications for its convergence behavior and entropy decay rate .	A logarithmic Sobolev inequality and the corresponding logarithmic Sobolev constant can be inferred from the semigroup 's hypercontractive norm bound .	We consider completely-positive quantum mechanical semigroups described by a Lindblad master equation .	We use interpolation theorems for non-commutative $ L_p $ spaces to obtain a general hypercontractive inequality from a particular $ p \rightarrow q $ -norm bound .
+4	This structure guarantees exact solvability of a ghost number zero string field equation .	Schnabl recently found an analytic expression for the string field tachyon condensate using a gauge condition adapted to the conformal frame of the sliver projector .	We propose that this construction is more general .	The sliver is an example of a special projector , a projector such that the Virasoro operator \L_0 and its BPZ adjoint \L*_0 obey the algebra [ \L_0 , \L*_0 ] = s ( \L_0 + \L*_0 ) , with s a positive real constant .	All special projectors provide abelian subalgebras of string fields , closed under both the *-product and the action of \L_0 .
+0	For a complete minimal surface in the Euclidean 3-space , the so-called flux vector corresponds to each end .	The flux vectors are balanced , i.e. , the sum of those over all ends are zero .	Consider the following inverse problem : For each balanced n vectors , find an n-end catenoid which attains given vectors as flux .	Here , an n-end catenoid is a complete minimal surface of genus 0 with ends asymptotic to the catenoids .	In this paper , the problem is reduced to solving algebraic equation .
+1	This results in a dramatic increase of social data capturing various relations between the users and their associated artifacts , both in online networks and the real world using ubiquitous devices .	Social media and social networks have already woven themselves into the very fabric of everyday life .	In this work , we consider social interaction networks from a data mining perspective - also with a special focus on real-world face-to-face contact networks : We combine data mining and social network analysis techniques for examining the networks in order to improve our understanding of the data , the modeled behavior , and its underlying emergent processes .	Furthermore , we adapt , extend and apply known predictive data mining algorithms on social interaction networks .	Additionally , we present novel methods for descriptive data mining for uncovering and extracting relations and patterns for hypothesis generation and exploration , in order to provide characteristic information about the data and networks .
+4	At high masses , above 1.8 GeV , quark models predict a very high density of resonances per mass interval which is not observed .	About 120 baryons and baryon resonances are known , from the abundant nucleon with $ u $ and $ d $ light-quark constituents up to the recently discovered $ \Omega_b^-=bss $ , and the $ \Xi_b^-=bsd $ which contains one quark of each generation .	In spite of this impressively large number of states , the underlying mechanisms leading to the excitation spectrum are not yet understood .	Heavy-quark baryons suffer from a lack of known spin-parities .	In the light-quark sector , quark-model calculations have met with considerable success in explaining the low-mass excitations spectrum but some important aspects like the mass degeneracy of positive-parity and negative-parity baryon excitations are not yet satisfactorily understood .
+0	We study relations between multizeta values for function fields introduced by D. Thakur .	The F_p-span of Thakur 's multizeta values is an algebra ( Thakur .	Shuffle relations for function field multizeta values ) .	In particular , the product \zeta ( a ) \zeta ( b ) is a linear combination of multizeta values .	In this paper , several of the conjectures formulated by the author and by D. Thakur for small values or for special families of a about how to write \zeta ( a ) \zeta ( b ) as an F_p-linear combination of multizeta values , are proved .
+3	When the stability principle is applied to the Poincar\ ' { e } -Heisenberg algebra , two deformation parameters emerge which define two length ( or time ) scales .	The existence of a fundamental length ( or fundamental time ) has been conjectured in many contexts .	However , the `` stability of physical theories principle '' seems to be the one that provides , through the tools of algebraic deformation theory , an unambiguous derivation of the stable structures that Nature might have chosen for its algebraic framework .	It is well-known that $ c $ and $ \hbar $ are the deformation parameters that stabilize the Galilean and the Poisson algebra .	In addition there are , for each of them , a plus or minus sign possibility in the relevant commutators .
+2	MOOCs offer many valuable learning experiences to students , from video lectures , readings , assignments and exams , to opportunities to connect and collaborate with others through threaded discussion forums and other Web 2.0 technologies .	With an expansive and ubiquitously available gold mine of educational data , Massive Open Online courses ( MOOCs ) have become the an important foci of learning analytics research .	The hope is that this new surge of development will bring the vision of equitable access to lifelong learning opportunities within practical reach .	Nevertheless , despite all this potential , MOOCs have so far failed to produce evidence that this potential is being realized in the current instantiation of MOOCs .	In this work , we primarily explore video lecture interaction in Massive Open Online Courses ( MOOCs ) , which is central to student learning experience on these educational platforms .
+1	We have proposed an approach to design the interfaces of behavioral REST web services by defining a resource and a behavioral model using UML .	REST web services can offer complex operations that do more than just simply creating , retrieving , updating and deleting information from a database .	In this paper we discuss the consistency between the resource and behavioral models that represent service states using state invariants .	The state invariants are defined as predicates over resources and describe what are the valid state configurations of a behavioral model .	If a state invariant is unsatisfiable then there is no valid state configuration containing the state and there is no service that can implement the service interface .
+3	In the present work we address the scenario where , in addition to the lack of knowledge of the source statistics , there is also uncertainty in the channel characteristics .	The goal of a denoising algorithm is to recover a signal from its noise-corrupted observations .	Perfect recovery is seldom possible and performance is measured under a given single-letter fidelity criterion .	For discrete signals corrupted by a known discrete memoryless channel , the DUDE was recently shown to perform this task asymptotically optimally , without knowledge of the statistical properties of the source .	We propose a family of discrete denoisers and establish their asymptotic optimality under a minimax performance criterion which we argue is appropriate for this setting .
+1	We examine various aspects of this proposal , comparing gauge theory expectations with computations of minimal surfaces .	The AdS/CFT correspondence suggests that the Wilson loop of the large N gauge theory with N=4 supersymmetry in 4 dimensions is described by a minimal surface in AdS_5 x S^5 .	There is a distinguished class of loops , which we call BPS loops , whose expectation values are free from ultra-violet divergence .	We formulate the loop equation for such loops .	To the extent that we have checked , the minimal surface in AdS_5 x S^5 gives a solution of the equation .
+4	This substellar companion is the most massive ever discovered within 3 AU of a central intermediate-mass star .	We detected a brown dwarf-mass companion around the intermediate-mass giant star HD 119445 ( G6III ) using the Doppler technique .	This discovery is the first result from a Korean-Japanese planet search program based on precise radial velocity measurements .	The radial velocity of this star exhibits a periodic Keplerian variation with a period , semi-amplitude and eccentricity of 410.2 days , 413.5 m/s and 0.082 , respectively .	Adopting a stellar mass of 3.9 M_solar , we were able to confirm the presence of a massive substellar companion with a semimajor axis of 1.71 AU and a minimum mass of 37.6 M_Jup , which falls in the middle of the brown dwarf-mass region .
+0	We present an open-source Mathematica importer for CERN ROOT files .	Taking advantage of Mathematica 's import/export plug-in mechanism , the importer offers a simple , unified interface that cleanly wraps around its MathLink-based core that links the ROOT libraries with Mathematica .	Among other tests for accuracy and efficiency , the importer has also been tested on a large ( ~5 Gbyte ) file structure , D3PD , used by the ATLAS experiment for offline analysis without problems .	In addition to describing the installation and usage of the importer , we discuss how the importer may be further improved and customized .	A link to the package can be found at : http : //library.wolfram.com/infocenter/Articles/7793/ and a related presentation is at : http : //cd-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/DisplayMeeting ? conferenceid=522
+1	Thermostat is our prototype model .	We consider the heat equation in a multidimensional domain with nonlocal hysteresis feedback control in a boundary condition .	We construct all periodic solutions with exactly two switching on the period and study their stability .	Coexistence of several periodic solutions with different stability properties is proved to be possible .	A mechanism of appearance and disappearance of periodic solutions is investigated .
+0	Mathematical methods together with measurements of single-cell dynamics provide unprecedented means to reconstruct intracellular processes that are only partly or indirectly accessible experimentally .	To obtain reliable reconstructions the pooling of measurements from several cells of a clonal population is mandatory .	The population 's considerable cell-to-cell variability originating from diverse sources poses novel computational challenges for process reconstruction .	We introduce an exact Bayesian inference framework that properly accounts for the population heterogeneity but also retains scalability with respect to the number of pooled cells .	The key ingredient is a stochastic process that captures the heterogeneous kinetics of a population .
+1	High-resolution echelle spectra of ChaHa1-8 and 12 ( M6-M8 ) , and B34 , CHXR74 , Sz23 ( M2.5-M5 ) were taken with UVES / VLT between 2000 and 2004 .	We present results of a radial velocity ( RV ) survey for planets and brown dwarf ( BD ) companions to very young BDs and ( very ) low-mass stars ( VLMSs ) in ChaI .	The achieved precision ( 40 to 670 m/s ) is sufficient to detect Jupiter mass planets around the targets .	This first RV survey of very young BDs probes multiplicity which is a key parameter for formation in an as yet unexplored domain , in terms of age , mass , and orbital separation .	We find that the subsample of ten BDs and VLMSs ( M & lt ; 0.12 Msun , M5-M8 ) has constant RVs on time scales of & lt ; 40 days .
+0	The quantum theory ( QT ) and new stochastic approaches have no deterministic prediction for a single measurement or for a single time -series of events observed for a trapped ion , electron or any other individual physical system .	The predictions of QT being of probabilistic character apply to the statistical distribution of the results obtained in various experiments .	The probability distribution is not an attribute of a dice but it is a characteristic of a whole random experiment : '' rolling a dice '' .	and statistical long range correlations between two random variables X and Y are not a proof of any causal relation between these variable .	Moreover any probabilistic model used to describe a random experiment is consistent only with a specific protocol telling how the random experiment has to be performed.In this sense the quantum theory is a statistical and contextual theory of phenomena .
+2	The reactions considered in this work are : ( i ) Neutrino interaction with A=3 and $ ^4 $ He nuclei , in energies typical to core-collapse supernova .	In this thesis , conducted in the field of few -- body nuclear physics , I studied low energy inelastic reactions of electro -- weak probes on light nuclei .	Such interactions hold experimental and theoretical attention in recent years because of the role they play in various fields of physics , stretching from checking the standard model limits ; through nuclear structure and dynamics research ; up to microscopic interaction in astrophysical phenomena , such as supernova explosion and the nucleosynthesis of the elements .	For $ ^4 $ He both the neutral and charged current reactions were calculated , whereas only neutral current reactions are calculated for A=3 nuclei .	( ii ) Photoabsorption on $ ^4 $ He .
+2	From the analysis of 339 UDs , we draw the following conclusions : ( 1 ) UDs show clear hints of upflows , as predicted by magnetohydrodynamic ( MHD ) simulations .	We study the temporal evolution of umbral dots ( UDs ) using measurements from the CRISP imaging spectropolarimeter at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope .	Scans of the magnetically sensitive 630 nm iron lines were performed under stable atmospheric conditions for 71 min with a cadence of 63 s. These observations allow us to investigate the magnetic field and velocity in and around UDs at a resolution approaching 0.13 '' .	By contrast , we could not find systematic downflow signals .	Only in very deep layers we detect localized downflows around UDs , but they do not persist in time .
+2	Their masses , however , can be inferred from their supernova explosions , which may soon be found in both deep-field surveys by JWST and in all-sky surveys by WFIRST .	The first stars ended the cosmic Dark Ages and created the first heavy elements necessary for the formation of planets and life .	The properties of these stars remain uncertain , and it may be decades before individual Pop III stars are directly observed .	We have performed radiation hydrodynamical simulations of the near infrared signals of Pop III pair-instability supernovae in realistic circumstellar environments with Lyman absorption by the neutral intergalactic medium .	We find that JWST and WFIRST will detect these explosions out to z ~ 30 and 20 , respectively , unveiling the first generation of stars in the universe .
+3	Furthermore , we discuss how the one-loop amplitudes with a single positive or negative helicity gluon arise in this formalism .	We show how to calculate the one-loop scattering amplitude with all gluons of negative helicity in non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory using MHV diagrams .	We argue that the amplitude with all positive helicity gluons arises from a Jacobian which occurs when one performs a Backlund-type holomorphic change of variables in the lightcone Yang-Mills Lagrangian .	This also results in contributions to scattering amplitudes from violations of the equivalence theorem .	Perturbation theory in the new variables leads to a hybrid of MHV diagrams and lightcone Yang-Mills theory .
+0	Quintessence is a canonical scalar field introduced to explain the late-time cosmic acceleration .	The cosmological dynamics of quintessence is reviewed , paying particular attention to the evolution of the dark energy equation of state w. For the field potentials having tracking and thawing properties , the evolution of w can be known analytically in terms of a few model parameters .	Using the analytic expression of w , we constrain quintessence models from the observations of supernovae type Ia , cosmic microwave background , and baryon acoustic oscillations .	The tracking freezing models are hardly distinguishable from the LCDM model , whereas in thawing models the today 's field equation of state is constrained to be w_0 & lt ; -0.7 ( 95 % CL ) .	We also derive an analytic formula for the growth rate of matter density perturbations in dynamical dark energy models , which allows a possibility to put further bounds on w from the measurement of redshift-space distortions in the galaxy power spectrum .
+3	The morphology and spectrum are consistent with it being the IC counterpart to the electrons which generate the microwave haze seen at WMAP frequencies .	The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope reveals a diffuse inverse Compton signal in the inner Galaxy with a similar spatial morphology to the microwave haze observed by WMAP , supporting the synchrotron interpretation of the microwave signal .	Using spatial templates , we regress out pi0 gammas , as well as IC and bremsstrahlung components associated with known soft-synchrotron counterparts .	We find a significant gamma-ray excess towards the Galactic center with a spectrum that is significantly harder than other sky components and is most consistent with IC from a hard population of electrons .	In addition , the implied electron spectrum is hard ; electrons accelerated in supernova shocks in the disk which then diffuse a few kpc to the haze region would have a softer spectrum .
+2	We define certain divided difference operators on Kasparov 's $ T $ -equivariant $ KK $ -group $ KK_T ( A , B ) $ and show that $ KK_G ( A , B ) $ is a direct summand of $ KK_T ( A , B ) $ .	Let $ G $ be a compact connected Lie group with a maximal torus $ T $ .	Let $ A $ , $ B $ be $ G $ - $ \mathrm { C } ^\ast $ -algebras .	More precisely , a $ T $ -equivariant $ KK $ -class is $ G $ -equivariant if and only if it is annihilated by an ideal of divided difference operators .	This result is a generalization of work done by Atiyah , Harada , Landweber and Sjamaar .
+0	We study gauge boson propagators in the symmetric and symmetry broken phases of the 3-d , $ SU ( 2 ) $ gauge-Higgs model .	Correlation functions for the gauge fields are calculated in Landau gauge .	They are found to decay exponentially at large distances leading to a non-vanishing mass for the gauge bosons .	We find that the W-boson screening mass drops in the symmetry broken phase when approaching the critical temperature .	In the symmetric phase the screening mass stays small and is independent of the scalar -- gauge coupling ( the hopping parameter ) .
+1	With such equations being then valid when the scale factor $ a=0 $ , the universe must also be in the state of vacuum when $ a $ is infinitesimal .	In the Friedmann equations , an infinite initial density is avoided only when the universe is spatially flat .	Matter creation thus largely comes from nonlinearity of the Friedmann equations at a finite $ a $ .	For the correspondence between such an initial vacuum and the Friedmann universe , therefore , a vacuum density is suggested to be gravitationally significant only when it could also have a matter phase .	The effective cosmological term is then due to such a vacuum density .
+3	H5MD files are self-contained and foster the reproducibility of scientific data and the interchange of data between researchers using different simulation programs and analysis software .	We propose a new file format named `` H5MD '' for storing molecular simulation data , such as trajectories of particle positions and velocities , along with thermodynamic observables that are monitored during the course of the simulation .	H5MD files are HDF5 ( Hierarchical Data Format ) files with a specific hierarchy and naming scheme .	Thus , H5MD inherits many benefits of HDF5 , e.g. , structured layout of multi-dimensional datasets , data compression , fast and parallel I/O , and portability across many programming languages and hardware platforms .	In addition , the H5MD specification can serve for other kinds of data ( e.g.experimental data ) and is extensible to supplemental data , or may be part of an enclosing file structure .
+4	These measurements help bridge the gap between high-z damped Lyman- $ \alpha $ observations and blind 21-cm surveys at $ z= $ 0 .	We measure the neutral atomic hydrogen ( HI ) gas content of field galaxies at intermediate redshifts of z ~ 0.1 and z ~ 0.2 using hydrogen 21-cm emission lines observed with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope ( WSRT ) .	In order to make high signal-to-noise ratio detections , an HI signal stacking technique is applied : HI emission spectra from multiple galaxies , optically selected by the CNOC2 redshift survey project , are co-added to measure the average HI mass of galaxies in the two redshift bins .	We calculate the cosmic HI gas densities ( { \Omega } _ { HI } ) at the two redshift regimes and compare those with measurements at other redshifts to investigate the global evolution of the HI gas density over cosmic time .	From a total of 59 galaxies at z ~ 0.1 we find { \Omega } _ { HI } = ( 0.33 $ \pm $ 0.05 ) ~ $ \times $ 10 $ ^ { -3 } $ , and at z ~ 0.2 we find { \Omega } _ { HI } = ( 0.34 $ \pm $ 0.09 ) ~ $ \times $ 10 $ ^ { -3 } $ , based on 96 galaxies .
+2	Using Random Sequential Adsorption ( RSA ) method , we simulated adsorption process in which the orientation of adsorbate was described by a non-uniform probability distribution .	Ordered protein layers are the subject of active biomedical research for their usually interesting physicochemical properties , e.g.permeability , stiffness and pours structure .	In presented work , we focused on layers build of fibrinogen molecules characterised by strong shape anisotropy .	Thus obtained covering layers had different level of global orientational ordering .	This allowed us to find dependence between main properties of layers , such as maximal random coverage ratio , and order parameter .
+2	When a user enters the system , his type is unknown to the decision maker .	We consider a multi-armed bandit setting that is inspired by real-world applications in e-commerce .	In our setting , there are a few types of users , each with a specific response to the different arms .	The decision maker can either treat each user separately ignoring the previously observed users , or can attempt to take advantage of knowing that only few types exist and cluster the users according to their response to the arms .	We devise algorithms that combine the usual exploration-exploitation tradeoff with clustering of users and demonstrate the value of clustering .
+3	88 , 102902 ( 2006 ) ) .	BFO3 ceramics were investigated by means of infrared reflectivity and time domain THz transmission spectroscopy at temperatures 20 - 950 K , and the magnetodielectric effect was studied at 10 - 300 K , with the magnetic field up to 9 T. Below 175 K , the sum of polar phonon contributions into the permittivity corresponds to the value of measured permittivity below 1 MHz .	At higher temperatures , a giant low-frequency permittivity was observed , obviously due to the enhanced conductivity and possible Maxwell-Wagner contribution .	Above 200 K the observed magnetodielectric effect is caused essentially through the combination of magnetoresistance and the Maxwell-Wagner effect , as recently predicted by Catalan ( Appl.Phys.Lett .	Since the magnetodielectric effect does not occur due to a coupling of polarization and magnetization as expected in magnetoferroelectrics , we call it improper magnetodielectric effect .
+4	They are designed in order to automatically explore alternative recovery strategies inferred from past successful and failed executions .	All non-trivial software systems suffer from unanticipated production failures .	However , those systems are passive with respect to failures and do not take advantage of them in order to improve their future behavior : they simply wait for them to happen and trigger hard-coded failure recovery strategies .	Instead , I propose a new paradigm in which software systems learn from their own failures .	By using an advanced monitoring system they have a constant awareness of their own state and health .
+2	We avoid the conventional summation of zero-point energies , and instead exploit the relation between functional determinants and solutions of associated differential equations .	We discuss a simple procedure for computing one-loop quantum energies of any static field configuration that depends non-trivially on only a single spatial coordinate .	We specifically focus on domain wall-type field configurations that connect two distinct minima of the effective potential , and may or may not be the solutions of classical field equations .	This approach allows ultraviolet divergences to be easily isolated and extracted using any convenient regularization scheme .	Two examples are considered : two-dimensional $ \phi^4 $ theory , and three-dimensional scalar electrodynamics with spontaneous symmetry breaking at the one-loop level .
+2	Fluctuations measured on leading edges appear to be predominantly related to actin polymerization-depolymerization processes .	We investigated the nanometer scale height fluctuations of 3T3 fibroblast cells with the atomic force microscope ( AFM ) under physiological conditions .	Correlation between these fluctuations and lateral cellular motility can be observed .	We found fast ( 5 Hz ) pulsatory behavior with 1 -- 2 nm amplitude on a cell with low motility showing emphasized structure of stress fibres .	Myosin driven contractions of stress fibres are thought to induce this pulsation .
+2	Moreover , we obtain two different versions for the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula in complex space forms .	We compute the measure with multiplicity of the set of complex planes intersecting a compact domain in a complex space form .	The result is given in terms of the so-called hermitian intrinsic volumes .	One of them gives the Gauss curvature integral in terms of the Euler characteristic , and some hermitian intrinsic volumes .	The other one , which is shorter , involves the measure of complex hyperplanes meeting the domain .
+4	Part two spans from the $ 4^ { th } $ to the $ 7^ { th } $ year , within which the absolute $ B $ decreases .	Solar-cycle related variation of differential rotation is investigated through analyzing the rotation rates of magnetic fields , distributed along latitudes and varying with time at the time interval of August 1976 to April 2008 .	More pronounced differentiation of rotation rates is found to appear at the ascending part of a Schwabe cycle than at the descending part on an average .	The coefficient $ B $ in the standard form of differential rotation , which represents the latitudinal gradient of rotation , may be divided into three parts within a Schwabe cycle .	Part one spans from the start to the $ 4^ { th } $ year of a Schwabe cycle , within which the absolute $ B $ is approximately a constant or slightly fluctuates .
+0	We investigate the jet-quenching parameter $ \hat { q } $ for the quark-gluon plasma ( QGP ) for $ N_c=3 $ , defined nonperturbatively with the Wilson loop in the light-cone ( LC ) coordinate , at finite temperature $ ( T ) $ .	Considering the effective static ( heavy ) quark-antiquark potential $ V_ { \bar { Q } Q } =\sigma L+C-A/L $ , where $ L $ indicates the LC transverse separation between the quarks , we obtain $ \hat { q } \approx8V_ { \bar { Q } Q } /L^2 $ .	The $ T $ dependences for $ L $ and other relevant parameters are extracted from the $ T $ -dependent instanton ( trivial-holonomy caloron ) length parameters and the lattice QCD data .	By choosing $ L\approx { a } \approx\bar { \rho } _T $ , in which $ a $ and $ \bar { \rho } _T $ denote the lattice spacing and the $ T $ -dependent average ( anti ) instanton size , respectively , we acquire numerically that $ \hat { q } = ( 5\sim25 ) \ , \mathrm { GeV/fm } $ for $ T= ( 0\sim0.6 ) $ GeV , and these values are well consistent with other estimations from AdS/CFT and experimental analyses .	It turns out that $ \hat { q } $ is produced almost by the Coulomb and constant potentials of $ V_ { \bar { Q } Q } $ .
+4	We also calculate weak localization corrections to this result , and show for two dimensional systems ( which are of most interest ) that corrections vanish to three-loop order .	We establish a new approach to calculating spectral statistics in disordered conductors , by considering how energy levels move in response to changes in the impurity potential .	We use this fictitious dynamics to calculate the spectral form factor in two ways .	First , describing the dynamics using a Fokker-Planck equation , we make a physically motivated decoupling , obtaining the spectral correlations in terms of the quantum return probability .	Second , from an identity which we derive between two- and three-particle correlation functions , we make a mathematically controlled decoupling to obtain the same result .
+4	A comparison of the newly observed outer field with an earlier studied central field of IC 1613 shows that the SFR in the outer field has been significantly depressed during the last Gyr .	We present deep HST WFPC2 imaging of the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy IC 1613 .	The photometry is the deepest to date for an isolated dwarf irregular galaxy .	The resulting color-magnitude diagram ( CMD ) is analyzed using three different methods to derive a star formation history ( SFH ) .	All three find an enhanced star formation rate ( SFR ) , from 3 to 6 Gyr ago , and similar age-metallicity relationships ( AMR ) .
+1	The calculation is performed using the Lorentz integral transform method along with the { \em ab initio } no-core shell model approach .	The total photo-absorption cross section of $ ^4 $ He is evaluated microscopically using two- ( NN ) and three-nucleon ( NNN ) interactions based upon chiral effective field theory ( $ \chi $ EFT ) .	An important feature of the present study is the consistency of the NN and NNN interactions and also , through the Siegert theorem , of the two- and three-body current operators .	This is due to the application of the $ \chi $ EFT framework .	The inclusion of the NNN interaction produces a suppression of the low-energy peak and enhancement of the high-energy tail of the cross section .
+2	In this report we report on a caffe feature extraction pipeline of images taken from the videos of the UCF Sports Action dataset .	Convolutional Architecture for Fast Feature Encoding ( CAFFE ) [ 11 ] is a software package for the training , classifying , and feature extraction of images .	The UCF Sports Action dataset is a widely used machine learning dataset that has 200 videos taken in 720x480 resolution of 9 different sporting activities : diving , golf , swinging , kicking , lifting , horseback riding , running , skateboarding , swinging ( various gymnastics ) , and walking .	A similar test was performed on overfeat , and results were inferior to caffe .	This study is intended to explore the architecture and hyper parameters needed for effective static analysis of action in videos and classification over a variety of image datasets .
+1	One of the most important pieces of information comes from the chemical composition of primary particles .	Although the origin of ultra high energy cosmic rays is still unknown , significant progress has been achieved in last decades with the construction of large arrays that are currently taking data .	It is well known that the muon content of air showers generated by the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere is rather sensitive to primary mass .	Therefore , the measurement of the number of muons at ground level is an essential ingredient to infer the cosmic ray mass composition .	In this work we present a new method for reconstructing the muon lateral distribution function with an array of segmented counters .
+1	At a bath temperature of 77 K , only bolometric ( thermal ) detection is seen .	We characterize radio frequency detection in a high-quality metallic single-walled carbon nanotube .	At a bath temperature of 4.2 K and low bias current , the response is due instead to the electrical nonlinearity of the non-ohmic contacts .	At higher bias currents , the contacts recover ohmic behavior and the observed response agrees well with the calculated bolometric responsivity .	The bolometric response is expected to operate at terahertz frequencies , and we discuss some of the practical issues associated with developing high frequency detectors based on carbon nanotubes .
+0	The ability to perform detailed evolutionary calculations is essential to the development of a well-defined and testable binary model .	Unfortunately , traditional evolutionary calculations can not be used to follow a significant fraction of possible close-binary supersoft sources ( CBSSs ) .	It is therefore important to examine the input physics carefully , to be sure that all relevant and potentially important physical processes are included .	In this paper we continue a line of research begun last year , and explore the role that winds are expected to play in the evolution of CBSSs .	We find that at least a subset of the systems that seemed to be candidates for common envelope evolution may survive , if radiation emitted by white dwarf drives winds from the system .
+3	Using the nonequilibrium thermodynamics which has been formulated recently , this paper shows the following : ( 1 ) Time scale of black hole evaporation in a heat bath becomes shorter than that of the evaporation in an empty space ( a situation without heat bath ) , because a nonequilibrium effect of temperature difference between the black hole and heat bath appears as a strong energy extraction from the black hole by the heat bath .	When a black hole evaporates , there arises a net energy flow from black hole into its outside environment ( heat bath ) .	The existence of energy flow means that the thermodynamic state of the whole system , which consists of the black hole and the heat bath , is in a nonequilibrium state .	Therefore , in order to study the detail of evaporation process , the nonequilibrium effects of the energy flow should be taken into account .	( 2 ) Consequently a huge energy burst ( stronger than that of the evaporation in an empty space ) arises at the end of semi-classical stage of evaporation .
+3	I obtain the least upper bound for $ F ( n ) $ when $ f_i-1\ & lt ; n\ & lt ; f_ { i+1 } -1 $ .	Let $ f_1=1 , f_2=2 $ and $ f_i=f_ { i-1 } +f_ { i-2 } $ for $ i & gt ; 2 $ be the sequence of Fibonacci numbers .	Let $ \Phi_h ( n ) $ be the quantity of partitions of natural number $ n $ into $ h $ different Fibonacci numbers .	In terms of Zeckendorf partition of $ n $ I deduce a formula for the function $ \Phi ( n ; t ) : =\sum_ { h\geq 1 } \Phi_h ( n ) t^h $ , and use it to analyze the functions $ F ( n ) : =\Phi ( n ; 1 ) $ and $ \chi ( n ) : =\Phi ( n ; -1 ) $ .	It implies that $ F ( n ) \ & lt ; \sqrt { n+1 } $ for any natural $ n $ .
+2	Here we study the ground state of a two component fermionic gas in a harmonic potential with dipolar and contact interactions .	Interacting two component Fermi gases are at the heart of our understanding of macroscopic quantum phenomena like superconductivity .	Changing nature of the interaction is expected to head to novel quantum phases .	Using a variational Wigner function we present the phase diagram of the system with equal but opposite values of the magnetic moment .	We identify the second order phase transition from paramagnetic to ferronematic phase .
+1	It soon became clear , though , that quantum theory was not just a theory of specific physical systems , but rather a new language of universal applicability .	Quantum theory was discovered in an adventurous way , under the urge to solve puzzles-like the spectrum of the blackbody radiation-that haunted the physics community at the beginning of the 20th century .	Can this language be reconstructed from first principles ?	Can we arrive at it from logical reasoning , instead of ad hoc guesswork ?	A positive answer was provided in Refs .
+3	This architecture is argued to reduce the computational cost and required communication bandwidth by around two orders of magnitude while only giving negligible information loss in comparison with a naive centralized implementation .	The implementation challenges of cooperative localization by dual foot-mounted inertial sensors and inter-agent ranging are discussed and work on the subject is reviewed .	System architecture and sensor fusion are identified as key challenges .	A partially decentralized system architecture based on step-wise inertial navigation and step-wise dead reckoning is presented .	This makes a joint global state estimation feasible for up to a platoon-sized group of agents .
+2	Over a decade ago , however , a family of algorithmically defined decoders aiming to hybridize the two standard ones was proposed ( Brushe et al. , 1998 ) .	Motivated by the unceasing interest in hidden Markov models ( HMMs ) , this paper re-examines hidden path inference in these models , using primarily a risk-based framework .	While the most common maximum a posteriori ( MAP ) , or Viterbi , path estimator and the minimum error , or Posterior Decoder ( PD ) , have long been around , other path estimators , or decoders , have been either only hinted at or applied more recently and in dedicated applications generally unfamiliar to the statistical learning community .	The present paper gives a careful analysis of this hybridization approach , identifies several problems and issues with it and other previously proposed approaches , and proposes practical resolutions of those .	Furthermore , simple modifications of the classical criteria for hidden path recognition are shown to lead to a new class of decoders .
+0	We show that Rydberg states in an ultra-cold gas can be excited with strongly preferred nearest-neighbor distance if densities are well below saturation .	The scheme makes use of an echo sequence in which the first half of a laser pulse excites Rydberg states while the second half returns atoms to the ground state , as in the experiment of Raitzsch et al . [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	100 ( 2008 ) 013002 ] .	Near to the end of the echo sequence , almost any remaining Rydberg atom is separated from its next-neighbor Rydberg atom by a distance slightly larger than the instantaneous blockade radius half-way through the pulse .	These correlations lead to large deviations of the atom counting statistics from a Poissonian distribution .
+2	We also include in the sample previously published Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra and supplemental observations with MMT/Hectospec .	We present optical spectroscopy for an X-ray and optical flux-limited sample of 677 XMM-Newton selected targets covering the 2 deg^2 COSMOS field , with a yield of 485 high-confidence redshifts .	The majority of the spectra were obtained over three seasons ( 2005-2007 ) with the IMACS instrument on the Magellan ( Baade ) telescope .	We detail the observations and classification analyses .	The survey is 90 % complete to flux limits of f_ { 0.5-10 keV } & gt ; 8 x 10^-16 erg cm^-2 s^-1 and i_AB+ & lt ; 22 , where over 90 % of targets have high-confidence redshifts .
+0	High Performance Computing ( HPC ) is intrinsically linked to effective Data Center Infrastructure Management ( DCIM ) .	Cloud services and HPC have become key components in Department of Defense and corporate Information Technology competitive strategies in the global and commercial spaces .	As a result , the reliance on consistent , reliable Data Center space is more critical than ever .	The costs and complexity of providing quality DCIM are constantly being tested and evaluated by the United States Government and companies such as Google , Microsoft and Facebook .	This paper will demonstrate a system where Big Data strategies and 3D gaming technology is leveraged to successfully monitor and analyze multiple HPC systems and a lights-out modular HP EcoPOD 240a Data Center on a singular platform .
+3	Nevertheless , the projected sensitivities of the MINOS and ICARUS experiments are better than our bounds .	We consider long-baseline neutrino oscillations in the framework of two schemes with mixing of four massive neutrinos which can accommodate all the existing indications in favour of neutrino mixing .	Within these schemes , we derive bounds on the oscillation probabilities and the CP-odd neutrino-antineutrino asymmetries in long-baseline experiments .	Using the results of short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments , we obtain rather strong upper bounds on the long-baseline probabilities 1-P ( nu_e- & gt ; nu_e ) and P ( nu_mu- & gt ; nu_e ) .	We also show that there are no corresponding constraints for nu_mu- & gt ; nu_mu and nu_mu- & gt ; nu_tau long-baseline oscillations and that the CP-odd asymmetry in the latter channel can reach the maximal value allowed by the unitarity of the mixing matrix .
+2	In the 1960s , Kochen and Specker ( who first studied these theories ) constructed an elegant psi-epistemic theory for Hilbert space dimension d=2 , but also showed that any deterministic psi-epistemic theory must be `` measurement contextual '' in dimensions 3 and higher .	Formalizing an old desire of Einstein , `` psi-epistemic theories '' try to reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics , while viewing quantum states as ordinary probability distributions over underlying objects called `` ontic states . ''	Regardless of one 's philosophical views about such theories , the question arises of whether one can cleanly rule them out , by proving no-go theorems analogous to the Bell Inequality .	Last year , the topic attracted renewed attention , when Pusey , Barrett , and Rudolph ( PBR ) showed that any psi-epistemic theory must `` behave badly under tensor product . ''	In this paper , we prove that even without the Kochen-Specker or PBR assumptions , there are no psi-epistemic theories in dimensions d & gt ; =3 that satisfy two reasonable conditions : ( 1 ) symmetry under unitary transformations , and ( 2 ) `` maximum nontriviality '' ( meaning that the probability distributions corresponding to any two non-orthogonal states overlap ) .
+1	A fully converged solution ( for a given star formation and feedback model ) can be determined at a level of precision of about 20 % , but such a solution is useless in practice , since achieving it in production-grade simulations would require a large set of runs at various mass and spatial resolutions , and computational resources for such an undertaking are not yet readily available .	In this paper I show that simulations of reionization performed under the Cosmic Reionization On Computers ( CROC ) project do converge in space and mass , albeit rather slowly .	In order to make progress in the interim , I introduce a weak convergence correction factor in the star formation recipe , which allows one to approximate the fully converged solution with finite resolution simulations .	The accuracy of weakly converged simulations approaches a comparable , ~20 % level of precision for star formation histories of individual galactic halos and other galactic properties that are directly related to star formation rates , like stellar masses and metallicities .	Yet other properties of model galaxies , for example , their HI masses , are recovered in the weakly converged runs only within a factor of two .
+0	We present a comprehensive first-principles study of the electronic structure of 51 semiconducting monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides and -oxides in the 2H and 1T hexagonal phases .	The quasiparticle ( QP ) band structures with spin-orbit coupling are calculated in the $ G_0W_0 $ approximation and comparison is made with different density functional theory ( DFT ) descriptions .	Pitfalls related to the convergence of $ GW $ calculations for 2D materials are discussed together with possible solutions .	The monolayer band edge positions relative to vacuum are used to estimate the band alignment at various heterostructure interfaces .	The sensitivity of the band structures to the in-plane lattice constant is analysed and rationalized in terms of the electronic structure .
+4	The standard deviations of the resultant distributions of various kinematical variables are given in order to facilitate such phenomenological analyses .	We developed a new method for full kinematical reconstruction of the ttbar system near its threshold at future linear e+e- colliders .	In the core of the method lies likelihood fitting which is designed to improve measurement accuracies of the kinematical variables that specify the final states resulting from ttbar decays .	The improvement is demonstrated by applying this method to a Monte-Carlo ttbar sample generated with various experimental effects including beamstrahlung , finite acceptance and resolution of the detector system , etc .	In most cases the fit brings a broad non-Gaussian distribution of a given kinematical variable to a nearly Gaussian shape , thereby justifying phenomenological analyses based on simple Gaussian smearing of parton-level momenta .
+3	Earlier the stellar electron capture rates and neutrino energy loss rates due to relevant titanium isotopes were presented .	Amongst iron regime nuclei , $ \beta $ -decay rates on titanium isotopes are considered to be important during the late phases of evolution of massive stars .	The key $ \beta $ -decay isotopes during presupernova evolution were searched from available literature and a microscopic calculation of the decay rates were performed using the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation ( pn-QRPA ) theory .	As per earlier simulation results electron capture and $ \beta $ -decay on certain isotopes of titanium are considered to be important for the presupernova evolution of massive stars .	In this paper we finally present the $ \beta $ -decay rates of key titanium isotopes in stellar environment .
+2	We also investigate other aspects of 4-manifolds with non-negative sectional curvature .	In this paper , we study certain compact 4-manifolds with non-negative sectional curvature $ K $ .	If $ s $ is the scalar curvature and $ W_+ $ is the self-dual part of Weyl tensor , then it will be shown that there is no metric $ g $ on $ S^2 \times S^2 $ with both ( i ) $ K & gt ; 0 $ and ( ii ) $ { 1/6 } s - W_+ \ge 0 $ .	One of our results implies a theorem of Hamilton : `` If a simply-connected , closed 4-manifold $ M^4 $ admits a metric $ g $ of non-negative curvature operator , then $ M^4 $ is one of $ S^4 $ , $ \Bbb CP^2 $ and $ S^2 \times S^2 $ '' .	Our method is different from Hamilton 's and is much simpler .
+2	Pairs of galaxies merge from orbits that initially have zero -- energy .	Merger remnants of small groups of galaxies are contrasted with relics of mergers of pairs of galaxies to determine which process produces objects that best compare to real ellipticals .	In both cases , the progenitors consist of self-gravitating disks , halos , and , sometimes , bulges .	The systems that produce multiple merger remnants are dense , six -- member groups in virial equilibrium with low velocity dispersions .	Multiple and pair mergers produce remnants which differ in both their spatial and kinematic properties .
+4	Future surveys of cluster lenses similar in scope to Frontier Fields by JWST might find hundreds of these events out to $ z \sim $ 15 - 17 .	Supernovae are important probes of the properties of stars at high redshifts because they can be detected at early epochs and their masses can be inferred from their light curves .	Direct detection of the first cosmic explosions in the universe will only be possible with JWST , WFIRST and the next generation of extremely large telescopes .	But strong gravitational lensing by massive clusters , like those in the Frontier Fields , could reveal supernovae at slightly lower redshifts now by magnifying their flux by factors of 10 or more .	We find that Frontier Fields will likely discover dozens of core-collapse supernovae at 5 $ & lt ; z & lt ; $ 12 .
+4	We adapt here the probabilistic argument developed in their paper in order to get some large deviation results .	Let $ d & gt ; 1 $ .	In this paper we show that for an irreducible permutation $ \pi $ which is not a rotation , the set of $ [ \lambda ] \in \mathbb { P } _+^ { d-1 } $ such that the interval exchange transformation $ f ( [ \lambda ] , \pi ) $ is not weakly mixing does not have full Hausdorff dimension .	We also obtain an analogous statement for translation flows .	In particular , it strengthens the result of almost sure weak mixing proved by G. Forni and the first author .
+1	71 , 051904 ( 2006 ) and Phys.Rev.Lett.vol .	Recent work has shown that the resistive force arising from viscous effects within the pore region could explain [ Ghosal , S. Phys.Rev.E . vol .	98 , 238104 ( 2007 ) ] observed translocation times in certain experiments involving voltage driven translocations of DNA through nanopores .	The electrokinetic flow inside the pore and the accompanying viscous effects also play a crucial role in the interpretation of experiments where the DNA is immobilized inside a nanopore [ U. Keyser , et al. , Nature Physics vol .	2 , 473 ( 2006 ) ] .
+1	The calculations are performed within the virtual crystal approximation , $ sp^3 s^* $ spin dependent empirical tight-binding model and the surface Green function matching method .	In the present study we calculate the energy values and the spatial distributions of the bound electronic states in some diffused quantum wells .	A good agreement is found between our results and experimental data obtained for AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells with thermally induced changes in the profile at the interfaces .	Our calculations show that for diffusion lengths $ L_ { D } =20\div100 $ { \AA } the transition ( C3-HH3 ) is not sensitive to the diffusion length , but the transitions ( C1-HH1 ) , ( C1-LH1 ) , ( C2-HH2 ) and ( C2-LH2 ) display large `` blue shifts '' as L_ { D } increases .	For diffusion lengths $ L_ { D } =0\div20 $ { \AA } the transitions ( C1-HH1 ) and ( C1-LH1 ) are less sensitive to the L_ { D } changes than the ( C3-HH3 ) transition .
+1	This allows us to obtain handy formulae for classical , quantum , total correlations , as well as bipartite and multipartite entanglement .	We review a recently introduced unified approach to the analytical quantification of correlations in Gaussian states of bosonic scalar fields by means of Renyi-2 entropy .	We apply our techniques to the study of correlations between two modes of a scalar field as described by observers in different states of motion .	When one or both observers are in uniform acceleration , the quantum and classical correlations are degraded differently by the Unruh effect , depending on which mode is detected .	Residual quantum correlations , in the form of quantum discord without entanglement , may survive in the limit of an infinitely accelerated observer Rob , provided they are revealed in a measurement performed by the inertial Alice .
+4	We analyze the matter era and the approach of the model to general relativity .	We study the phenomenological constraints on a recently proposed model of open inflation in the context of induced gravity .	The main interest of this model is the relatively small number of parameters , which may be constrained by many different types of observation .	We evaluate the complete spectrum of density perturbations , which contains continuum sub-curvature modes , a discrete super curvature mode , and a mode associated with fluctuations in the bubble wall .	From these , we compute the angular power spectrum of temperature fluctuations in the microwave background , and derive bounds on the parameters of the model so that the predicted spectrum is compatible with the observed anisotropy of the microwave background and with large-scale structure observations .
+3	For the BCS itself , we find no convincing evidence for cluster evolution within a redshift of $ z=0.3 $ .	We present the X-ray luminosity function ( XLF ) of the ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample ( BCS ) , an X-ray selected , flux limited sample of 172 clusters of galaxies at $ z\leq 0.3 $ compiled from ROSAT All-Sky Survey data .	While the bulk of the BCS consists of Abell clusters , the sample also contains Zwicky clusters and purely X-ray selected systems .	The BCS-XLF represents the best determination of the local X-ray luminosity function for galaxy clusters and thus provides an important reference for evolutionary studies .	This result is not in conflict with the findings of the EMSS study on cluster evolution .
+4	We have developed such a procedure using the four telescopes in the VERITAS array .	Gamma-ray astronomy at energies in excess of 100 GeV is carried out using arrays of imaging Cherenkov telescopes .	Each telescope comprises a large reflector , of order 10 m diameter , made of many mirror facets , and a camera consisting of a matrix of photomultiplier pixels .	Differences in the total throughput between nominally identical telescopes , due to aging of the mirrors and PMTs and other effects , should be monitored to reduce possible systematic errors .	One way to directly measure the throughput of such telescopes is to track bright stars and measure the photocurrents produced by their light falling on camera pixels .
+4	Polarization at higher frequencies ( 1-10 GHz ) , as observed with the EVLA , ASKAP , MeerKAT , APERTIF and the SKA , will trace magnetic fields in the disks and central regions of nearby galaxies in unprecedented detail .	Synchrotron emission , its polarization and its Faraday rotation at radio frequencies of 0.2-10 GHz are powerful tools to study the strength and structure of cosmic magnetic fields .	The observational results are reviewed for spiral , barred and flocculent galaxies , the Milky Way , halos and relics of galaxy clusters , and for the intergalactic medium .	Polarization observations with the forthcoming large radio telescopes will open a new era in the observation of cosmic magnetic fields and will help to understand their origin .	At low frequencies , LOFAR ( 10-250 MHz ) will allow us to map the structure of weak magnetic fields in the outer regions and halos of galaxies and galaxy clusters .
+4	The flow vector is consistent with the original analysis of the Ulysses team , but our temperature is significantly higher .	We report the results of a comprehensive reanalysis of Ulysses observations of interstellar He atoms flowing through the solar system , the goal being to reassess the interstellar He flow vector and to search for evidence of variability in this vector .	We find no evidence that the He beam seen by Ulysses changes at all from 1994-2007 .	The direction of flow changes by no more than ~0.3 deg and the speed by no more than ~0.3 km/s .	A global fit to all acceptable He beam maps from 1994-2007 yields the following He flow parameters : V_ISM=26.08+/-0.21 km/s , lambda=75.54+/-0.19 deg , beta=-5.44+/-0.24 deg , and T=7260+/-270 K ; where lambda and beta are the ecliptic longitude and latitude direction in J2000 coordinates .
+0	Genomic aberrations , such as somatic copy number alterations , are frequently observed in tumor tissue .	Recurrent aberrations , occurring in the same region across multiple subjects , are of interest because they may highlight genes associated with tumor development or progression .	A number of tools have been proposed to assess the statistical significance of recurrent DNA copy number aberrations , but their statistical properties have not been carefully studied .	Cyclic shift testing , a permutation procedure using independent random shifts of genomic marker observations on the genome , has been proposed to identify recurrent aberrations , and is potentially useful for a wider variety of purposes , including identifying regions with methylation aberrations or overrepresented in disease association studies .	For data following a countable-state Markov model , we prove the asymptotic validity of cyclic shift $ p $ -values under a fixed sample size regime as the number of observed markers tends to infinity .
+1	If the wall is thin relative to plasma mean free paths , one computes baryon current into the broken phase by determining the quantum mechanical transmission of plasma components in the potential of the spatially changing Higgs VEV .	In electroweak baryogenesis , a domain wall between the spontaneously broken and unbroken phases acts as a separator of baryon ( or lepton ) number , generating a baryon asymmetry in the universe .	We show that baryon current can also be obtained using a statistical density operator .	This new formulation of the problem provides a consistent framework for studying the influence of quasiparticle lifetimes on baryon current .	We show that when the plasma has no self-interactions , familiar results are reproduced .
+2	However , these inference mechanisms have been rarely used in commercial DB systems until now .	Within the research area of deductive databases three different database tasks have been deeply investigated : query evaluation , update propagation and view updating .	Over the last thirty years various inference mechanisms have been proposed for realizing these main functionalities of a rule-based system .	One important reason for this is the lack of a uniform approach well-suited for implementation in an SQL-based system .	In this paper , we present such a uniform approach in form of a new version of the soft consequence operator .
+0	It is argued that the zero-point energies of free quantum fields diverge at most quadratically and not quartically , as is generally believed .	This is a consequence of the relativistic invariance which requires that the energy density of the vacuum $ \rho $ and its pressure $ p $ satisfy $ \rho=-p $ .	The usually obtained quartic divergence is an artifact of the use of a noninvariant regularization which violates this relation .	One consequence of our results is that the zero-point energies of free massless fields vanish .	Implications for the cosmological constant problem are briefly discussed .
+1	For this purpose we develop a conformal Cartan calculus adapted to this problem .	We discuss in this paper the conformal geometry of bi-invariant metrics on compact semisimple Lie groups .	In particular , we derive an explicit formula for the holonomy algebra of the normal conformal Cartan connection of a bi-invariant metric .	As an example , we apply this calculus to the group $ \SO ( 4 ) $ .	Its conformal holonomy group is calculated to be $ \SO ( 7 ) $ .
+0	Precision measurements on nucleons provide constraints on the Standard Model and can also discern the signatures predicted for particles beyond the Standard Model .	Knowing the Standard Model inputs to nucleon matrix elements will be necessary to constrain the couplings of dark matter candidates such as the neutralino , to relate the neutron electric dipole moment to the CP-violating theta parameter , or to search for new TeV-scale particles though non- $ V-A $ interactions in neutron beta decay .	However , these matrix elements derive from the properties of quantum chromodynamics ( QCD ) at low energies , where the coupling is strong and thus perturbative treatments fail .	Using lattice gauge theory , we can nonperturbatively calculate the QCD path integral on a supercomputer .	In this proceeding , I will review a few representative areas in which lattice QCD can contribute to understanding the structure inside nucleon and how they can contribute to the search for beyond-the-Standard Model physics , with discussions of the difficulties and prospects for future development .
+0	We study classical integrable systems based on the Alekseev-Meinrenken dynamical r-matrices corresponding to automorphisms of self-dual Lie algebras , $ { \cal G } $ .	We prove that these r-matrices are uniquely characterized by a non-degeneracy property and apply a construction due to Li and Xu to associate spin Calogero type models with them .	The equation of motion of any model of this type is found to be a projection of the natural geodesic equation on a Lie group $ G $ with Lie algebra $ { \cal G } $ , and its phase space is interpreted as a Hamiltonian reduction of an open submanifold of the cotangent bundle $ T^*G $ , using the symmetry arising from the adjoint action of $ G $ twisted by the underlying automorphism .	This shows the integrability of the resulting systems and gives an algorithm to solve them .	As illustrative examples we present new models built on the involutive diagram automorphisms of the real split and compact simple Lie algebras , and also explain that many further examples fit in the dynamical r-matrix framework .
+0	This paper aims to justify , at a microscopic level , the existence of a two-dimensional Bose metal , i.e.a metallic phase made out of Cooper pairs at T=0 .	To this end , we consider the physics of quantum phase fluctuations in ( granular ) superconductors in the absence of disorder and emphasise the role of two order parameters in the problem , viz .	phase order and charge order .	We focus on the 2-d Bose Hubbard model in the limit of very large fillings , i.e.a 2-d array of Josephson junctions .	We find that the algebra of phase fluctuations is that of the Euclidean group $ E_ { 2 } $ in this limit , and show that the model is equivalent to two coupled XY models in ( 2+1 ) -d , one corresponding to the phase degrees of freedom , and the other the charge degrees of freedom .
+3	These new effects are a direct consequence of the quark-jet mechanism for quark hadronization , which do not depend on the details of the model used for elementary hadron emission .	The Collins effect describes the modulation of the hadron production by a transversely polarized quark with the sine of the polar angle , $ \varphi $ , between the produced hadron 's transverse momentum and the quark spin .	We employ a quark-jet model to describe multiple hadron emissions by such a quark , taking the Collins effect into account .	The resulting hadron distributions exhibit modulation up to fourth order in $ \sin ( \varphi ) $ when only two hadron emissions are allowed , rising with any further increase in the number of emitted hadrons .	The size and the sign of the higher order terms are directly connected with the probabilities of quark spin flip in the elementary emission process , with opposing sign favored and unfavored Collins functions only being generated if quark spin flip is preferential .
+0	Localized quantum wave packets can be produced in a variety of physical systems and are the subject of much current research in atomic , molecular , chemical , and condensed-matter physics .	They are particularly well suited for studying the classical limit of a quantum-mechanical system .	The motion of a localized quantum wave packet initially follows the corresponding classical motion .	However , in most cases the quantum wave packet spreads and undergoes a series of collapses and revivals .	We present a generic treatment of wave-packet evolution , and we provide conditions under which various types of revivals occur in ideal form .
+4	Nevertheless , we obtain the following results : 1 .	In this work , we consider the long-standing open question of constructing constant-round concurrent zero-knowledge protocols in the plain model .	Resolving this question is known to require non-black-box techniques .	We consider non-black-box techniques for zero-knowledge based on knowledge assumptions , a line of thinking initiated by the work of Hada and Tanaka ( CRYPTO 1998 ) .	Prior to our work , it was not known whether knowledge assumptions could be used for achieving security in the concurrent setting , due to a number of significant limitations that we discuss here .
+1	The strips considered , with their boundary conditions ( $ BC $ ) are ( a ) $ ( FBC_y , PBC_x ) = $ cyclic , ( b ) $ ( FBC_y , TPBC_x ) = $ M\ '' obius , ( c ) $ ( PBC_y , PBC_x ) = $ toroidal , and ( d ) $ ( PBC_y , TPBC_x ) = $ Klein bottle , where $ F $ , $ P $ , and $ TP $ denote free , periodic , and twisted periodic .	We present exact calculations of the zero-temperature partition function ( chromatic polynomial ) $ P $ for the $ q $ -state Potts antiferromagnet on triangular lattice strips of arbitrarily great length $ L_x $ vertices and of width $ L_y=3 $ vertices and , in the $ L_x \to \infty $ limit , the exponent of the ground-state entropy , $ W=e^ { S_0/k_B } $ .	Exact calculations of $ P $ and $ W $ are also given for wider strips , including ( e ) cyclic , $ L_y=4 $ , and ( f ) $ ( PBC_y , FBC_x ) = $ cylindrical , $ L_y=5,6 $ .	Several interesting features are found , including the presence of terms in $ P $ proportional to $ \cos ( 2\pi L_x/3 ) $ for case ( c ) .	The continuous locus of points $ { \cal B } $ where $ W $ is nonanalytic in the $ q $ plane is discussed for each case and a comparative discussion is given of the respective loci $ { \cal B } $ for families with different boundary conditions .
+0	Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) play an important role in astrophysics , especially in the study of cosmic evolution .	There are several progenitor models for SNe Ia proposed in the past years .	In this paper , we have carried out a detailed study of the He star donor channel , in which a carbon-oxygen white dwarf ( CO WD ) accretes material from a He main sequence star or a He subgiant to increase its mass to the Chandrasekhar mass .	Employing Eggleton 's stellar evolution code with an optically thick wind assumption , and adopting the prescription of Kato & amp ; Hachisu ( 2004 ) for the mass accumulation efficiency of the He-shell flashes onto the WDs , we performed binary evolution calculations for about 2600 close WD binary systems .	According to these calculations , we mapped out the initial parameters for SNe Ia in the orbital period -- secondary mass ( $ \log P^ { \rm i } -M^ { \rm i } _2 $ ) plane for various WD masses from this channel .
+1	We present two different approaches to the study of the associated eigenvalues problems .	We consider a large class of self-adjoint elliptic problem associated with the second derivative acting on a space of vector-valued functions .	The first , more general one allows to replace a secular equation ( which is well-known in some special cases ) by an abstract rank condition .	The latter seems to apply particularly well to a specific boundary condition , sometimes dubbed `` anti-Kirchhoff '' in the literature , that arise in the theory of differential operators on graphs ; it also permits to discuss interesting and more direct connections between the spectrum of the differential operator and some graph theoretical quantities .	In either case our results yield , among other , some results on the symmetry of the spectrum .
+3	A sonoluminescing bubble , whose internal structure is determined from hydrodynamic simulations , is then modelled as a MLS and in turn the thermal radiation is evaluated .	Based on the model proposed by Hilgenfeldt { \it at al . }	[ Nature { \bf 398 } , 401 ( 1999 ) ] , we present here a comprehensive theory of thermal radiation in single-bubble sonoluminescence ( SBSL ) .	We first invoke the generalized Kirchhoff 's law to obtain the thermal emissivity from the absorption cross-section of a multilayered sphere ( MLS ) .	Numerical results obtained from simulations for argon bubbles show that our theory successfully captures the major features observed in SBSL experiments .
+4	This collection is model-dependent : comparison of the observed pattern to the possibilities for a specific model yields information on which new particle pair combinations are actually being produced , information beyond that extractable from conventional one-dimensional invariant mass distributions .	Processes of the form $ pp\to anything \to X_i X_j \to x\bar { x } + y\bar { y } ( + \slashchar { E } ) $ are studied via a technique that may be viewed as an adaptation of time-honoured Dalitz plot analyses .	$ X_i $ and $ X_j $ are new heavy states ( with $ i , j=1 ... n $ ) , which may be identical or distinct ; and $ x\bar { x } $ and $ y\bar { y } $ are necessarily distinct Standard Model ( SM ) fermion pairs whose invariant masses can be measured .	A Dalitz-like plot of said invariant masses , $ M ( x\bar { x } ) $ { \it vs. $ $ } $ M ( y\bar { y } ) $ , exhibits a topology connected to the masses and specific decay chains of $ X_i $ and $ X_j $ .	Aside from relatively minor details , observed patterns consist of a collection of box and wedge shapes .
+3	Therefore , its production cross section at hadron colliders could be enhanced , and the dominant decay mode of a relatively light radion is $ \phi $ - & gt ; g g , unlike the SM Higgs boson case .	Phenomenology of a radion ( $ \phi $ ) that stabilizes the modulus in the Randall-Sundrum scenario is considered .	The radion couples to the trace of energy momentum tensor of the standard model ( SM ) with a strength suppressed only by a new scale ( $ \Lambda_ { \phi } $ ) of an order of the electroweak scale .	In particular , the effective coupling of a radion to two gluons are enhanced due to the trace anomaly of QCD .	We also present constraints on the mass $ m_ { \phi } $ and the new scale $ \Lambda_ { \phi } $ from the Higgs search limit at LEP and perturbative unitarity bound .
+0	We have developed and implemented a compact transparent nozzle for use in laser vaporization sources .	This nozzle eliminates the need for an ablation aperture , allowing for a more intense molecular beam .	We use this nozzle to prepare a molecular beam of aluminum monohydride ( AlH ) suitable for ion trap loading of AlH $ ^+ $ via photoionization in ultra-high vacuum .	We demonstrate stable AlH production over hour time scales using a liquid ablation target .	The long-term stability , low heat load and fast ion production rate of this source are well-suited to molecular ion experiments employing destructive state readout schemes requiring frequent trap reloading .
+0	Considering the natural ventilation , the thermal behavior of buildings can be described by a linear time varying model .	In this paper , we describe an implementation of model reduction of linear time varying systems .	We show the consequences of the model reduction on computing time and accuracy .	Finally , we compare experimental measures and simulation results using the initial model or the reduced model .	The reduced model shows negligible difference in accuracy , and the computing time shortens .
+1	Using these members we have constructed empirical isochrones in V , V-I colour magnitude diagrams ( CMDs ) .	We have selected pre-main-sequence stars in 12 groups of notional ages ranging from 1 Myr to 35 Myrs , using heterogeneous membership criteria .	This allows us to identify clearly the gap between the radiative main sequence and the convective pre-main-sequence ( the R-C gap ) .	We follow the evolution of this gap with age and show that it can be a useful age indicator for groups less than ~15 Myrs old .	We also observe a reduction in absolute spreads about the sequences with age .
+3	The SFA has proven to be an essential tool in strong field physics in the sense that it is able to predict with great precision the harmonic ( in the HHG ) and energy ( in the ATI ) limits .	A set of Mathematica functions is presented to model classically two of the most important processes in strong field physics , namely high-order harmonic generation ( HHG ) and above-threshold ionization ( ATI ) .	Our approach is based on the numerical solution of the Newton-Lorentz equation of an electron moving on an electric field and takes advantage of the symbolic languages features and graphical power of Mathematica .	Similarly as in the Strong Field Approximation ( SFA ) , the effects of atomic potential on the motion of electron in the laser field are neglected .	We have extended substantially the conventional classical simulations , where the electric field is only dependent on time , including spatial nonhomogeneous fields and spatial and temporal synthesized fields .
+0	We present a broad classification of all outbursts detected with the All-Sky Monitor ( ASM ) on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) and the Monitor of All Sky X-Ray Image ( MAXI ) of Aql X-1 .	We identify three types of outbursts ; long-high , medium-low , and short-low , based on the duration and maximum flux .	We analyse the trends in the `` phase-space '' of flux-derivative versus flux to demonstrate the differences in the three identified outburst types .	We present a spectral analysis of the observations of Aql X-1 performed by the Proportional Counter Array ( PCA ) onboard RXTE during the 2000 and 2011 outbursts of the long-high class and the 2010 outburst of the medium-low class .	We model the source spectrum with a hybrid thermal/non-thermal hot plasma emission model ( EQPAIR in XSPEC , Coppi 2000 ) together with a Gaussian component to model the Fe K_alpha emission line .
+4	An old ( 1967 ) conjecture of Parkin and Shanks is that the density of integers \ ( n \ ) so that \ ( p ( n ) \ ) is odd ( equivalently , even ) is \ ( 1/2 \ ) .	If \ ( A \ ) is a set of natural numbers containing \ ( 0 \ ) , then there is a unique nonempty `` reciprocal '' set \ ( B \ ) of natural numbers ( containing \ ( 0 \ ) ) such that every positive integer can be written in the form \ ( a + b \ ) , where \ ( a \in A \ ) and \ ( b \in B \ ) , in an even number of ways .	Furthermore , the generating functions for \ ( A \ ) and \ ( B \ ) over \ ( \FF_2 \ ) are reciprocals in \ ( \FF_2 [ [ q ] ] \ ) .	We consider the reciprocal set \ ( B \ ) for the set \ ( A \ ) containing \ ( 0 \ ) and all integers such that \ ( \sigma ( n ) \ ) is odd , where \ ( \sigma ( n ) \ ) is the sum of all the positive divisors of \ ( n \ ) .	This problem is motivated by Euler 's `` Pentagonal Number Theorem '' , a corollary of which is that the set of natural numbers \ ( n \ ) so that the number \ ( p ( n ) \ ) of partitions of an integer \ ( n \ ) is odd is the reciprocal of the set of generalized pentagonal numbers ( integers of the form \ ( k ( 3k\pm1 ) /2 \ ) , where \ ( k \ ) is a natural number ) .
+0	Multi-connected universe models with space identification scales smaller than the size of the observable universe produce topological images of cosmic sources .	We generalise to locally hyperbolic spaces the crystallographic method , aimed to detect the topology from three-dimensional catalogs of cosmological objects .	Our new method is based on the construction of a { \it collecting-correlated-pair } technique which enhances the topological signature and can make it detectable .	The main idea is that in multi-connected universes , equal distances occur more often than by chance .	We present an idealised version of this method as well as numerical simulations , we discuss the statistical relevance of the expected signature and we show how the extraction of a topological signal may also lead to a precise determination of the cosmological parameters .
+3	We present an infinite dimensional extended 3-algebra with a general metric and also a different extension with a Lorentzian metric .	We study the 3-algebraic structure involved in the recently shown M2-branes worldvolume gauge theories .	We first extend an arbitrary finite dimensional 3-algebra into an infinite dimensional 3-algebra by adding a mode number to each generator .	A unique central charge in the algebra of gauge transformations appears naturally in this extension .	We then study ordinary finite dimensional 3-algebras with different signatures of the metric , focusing on the cases with a negative eigenvalue and the cases with a zero eigenvalue .
+0	Motivated by data-rich experiments in transcriptional regulation and sensory neuroscience , we consider the following general problem in statistical inference .	When exposed to a high-dimensional signal S , a system of interest computes a representation R of that signal which is then observed through a noisy measurement M. From a large number of signals and measurements , we wish to infer the `` filter '' that maps S to R. However , the standard method for solving such problems , likelihood-based inference , requires perfect a priori knowledge of the `` noise function '' mapping R to M. In practice such noise functions are usually known only approximately , if at all , and using an incorrect noise function will typically bias the inferred filter .	Here we show that , in the large data limit , this need for a pre-characterized noise function can be circumvented by searching for filters that instead maximize the mutual information I [ M ; R ] between observed measurements and predicted representations .	Moreover , if the correct filter lies within the space of filters being explored , maximizing mutual information becomes equivalent to simultaneously maximizing every dependence measure that satisfies the Data Processing Inequality .	It is important to note that maximizing mutual information will typically leave a small number of directions in parameter space unconstrained .
+2	At low temperatures $ T $ , we find that $ \alpha_ { xy } $ is independent of $ \tau $ , consistent with anomalous-velocity theories .	In a ferromagnet , an anomalous-Hall heat current , given by the off-diagonal Peltier term $ \alpha_ { xy } $ , accompanies the anomalous Hall current .	By combining Nernst , thermopower and Hall experiments , we have measured how $ \alpha_ { xy } $ varies with hole density and lifetime $ \tau $ in $ \rm CuCr_2Se_ { 4-x } Br_x $ .	Its magnitude is fixed by a microscopic geometric area $ { \cal A } \sim 34 \mathrm { \AA } ^2 $ .	Our results are incompatible with some models of the Nernst effect in ferromagnets .
+3	We give the change of its value over the age of the Universe with annihilation cross sections relevant for such fermions constituting the dark matter .	We give a gravitational upper limit for the mass of static degenerate fermionic dark matter objects .	The treatment we use includes fully relativistic equations for describing the static solutions of these objects .	We study the influence of the annihilation of the particles on this mass limit .	Our calculations take into account the possibility of Dirac as well Majorana spinors .
+1	While the 2-point functions of the Age algebra have been known for some time , little else was known about the higher $ n $ -point correlators .	Aging can be realized as a sub-algebra of Schr\ '' odinger algebra by discarding the time-translation generator .	In this letter we present novel 3-point correlators of scalar primary operators .	We find that the Aging correlators are distinct from the Schr\ '' odinger correlators by more than certain dressings with time-dependent factors , as was the case with 2-point functions .	In the existing literature , the holographic geometry of Aging is obtained by performing certain general coordinate transformations on the holographic dual of the Schr\ '' odinger theory .
+2	We found that extracted source functions have Gaussian shapes .	Source imaging analysis was performed on two-pion correlations in central Au + Au collisions at beam energies between 2 and 8 $ A $ GeV .	We apply the imaging technique by Brown and Danielewicz , which allows a model-independent extraction of source functions with useful accuracy out to relative pion separations of about 20 fm .	Values of source functions at zero separation are almost constant across the energy range under study .	Imaging results are found to be consistent with conventional source parameters obtained from a multidimensional HBT analysis .
+3	A maximum likelihood analysis indicates steep values of alpha ( z=2 ) =-1.73+/-0.07 and alpha ( z=3 ) =-1.73+/-0.13 .	We use the deep ground-based optical photometry of the Lyman Break Galaxy ( LBG ) Survey to derive robust measurements of the faint-end slope ( alpha ) of the UV LF at redshifts 1.9 & lt ; z & lt ; 3.4 .	Our sample includes & gt ; 2000 spectroscopic redshifts and ~31000 LBGs in 31 spatially-independent fields over a total area of 3261 arcmin^2 .	These data allow us to select galaxies to 0.07L* and 0.10L* at z~2 and z~3 , respectively .	This result is robust to luminosity dependent systematics in the Ly-alpha equivalent width and reddening distributions , is similar to the steep values advocated at z & gt ; 4 , and implies that ~93 % of the unobscured UV luminosity density at z~2-3 arises from sub-L* galaxies .
+1	These may result from hypernovae or black hole-neutron star coalescence .	Cosmological gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) are probably powered by systems harboring a rotating black hole .	We identify short/long bursts with hyper- and suspended-accretion states around slowly/rapidly spinning black holes .	Baryon poor jets , as input to the observed GRB/afterglow emissions , may result from dissipation in a gap along an open flux-tube on the axis of rotation of the black hole .	The torus is expected to radiate a major fraction of the black hole luminosity into gravitational waves , which suggests that long GRBs may be the most powerful LIGO/VIRGO burst sources in the Universe . ( Abbreviated )
+2	Then we discuss a model for quantum measurement proposed by us , in which the quantum system is allowed to interact with its image created within the detector , followed by a first passage random walk in the Hilbert space .	We first review and critically examine some basic concepts and ambiguities related to quantum mechanics and quantum measurement to understand the success and shortcomings of current theories .	We also touch on ideas regarding expression of variables within a complex system .	Definitions and ideas from the first part are used in the context of the model .	In the end , we discuss the puzzling question of entanglement .
+2	In this paper , we propose a co-active online learning framework for teaching robots the preferences of its users for object manipulation tasks .	We consider the problem of learning good trajectories for manipulation tasks .	This is challenging because the criterion defining a good trajectory varies with users , tasks and environments .	The key novelty of our approach lies in the type of feedback expected from the user : the human user does not need to demonstrate optimal trajectories as training data , but merely needs to iteratively provide trajectories that slightly improve over the trajectory currently proposed by the system .	We argue that this co-active preference feedback can be more easily elicited from the user than demonstrations of optimal trajectories , which are often challenging and non-intuitive to provide on high degrees of freedom manipulators .
+3	Two examples related to local $ \mbox { SO } ( 3 ) $ and $ \mbox { U } ( 1 ) $ -symmetries , respectively , are discussed in detail .	We describe the time evolution of quantum systems in a classical background space-time by means of a covariant derivative in an infinite dimensional vector bundle .	The corresponding parallel transport operator along a timelike curve $ \cC $ is interpreted as the time evolution operator of an observer moving along $ \cC $ .	The holonomy group of the connection , which can be interpreted as a group of local symmetry transformations , and the set of observables have to satisfy certain consistency conditions .	The theory developed in this paper may also be useful to analyze situations where the underlying space-time manifold has closed timelike curves .
+4	The performance is optimized in terms of cell size and parameter set ( expansion order and opening angle ) and the trade off between computing time and accuracy is quantitatively studied .	An implementation of the fast multiple method ( FMM ) is performed for magnetic systems with long-ranged dipolar interactions .	Expansion in spherical harmonics of the original FMM is replaced by expansion of polynomials in Cartesian coordinates , which is considerably simpler .	Under open boundary conditions , an expression for multipole moments of point dipoles in a cell is derived .	These make the program appropriate for nanomagnetic simulations , including magnetic nanoparticles and ferrofluids .
+3	We obtain for energetic quarks $ \hat q_ { 0 } \approx 1.1 \pm 0.2 $ GeV $ ^2 $ /fm and $ \lambda_ { 0 } \approx 0.4 \pm 0.03 $ fm in central $ Au+Au $ collisions at $ \sqrt { s_ { NN } } =200 $ GeV , while $ \hat q_ { 0 } \approx 1.7 \pm 0.3 $ GeV $ ^2 $ /fm , and $ \lambda_ { 0 } \approx 0.5 \pm 0.05 $ fm in central $ Pb+Pb $ collisions at $ \sqrt { s_ { NN } } =2.76 $ TeV .	Nuclear modification factor $ R_ { AA } $ for large $ p_T $ single hadron is studied in a next-to-leading order ( NLO ) perturbative QCD ( pQCD ) parton model with medium-modified fragmentation functions ( mFFs ) due to jet quenching in high-energy heavy-ion collisions .	The energy loss of the hard partons in the QGP is incorporated in the mFFs which utilize two most important parameters to characterize the transport properties of the hard parton jets : the jet transport parameter $ \hat q_ { 0 } $ and the mean free path $ \lambda_ { 0 } $ , both at the initial time $ \tau_0 $ .	A phenomenological study of the experimental data for $ R_ { AA } ( p_ { T } ) $ is performed to constrain the two parameters with simultaneous $ \chi^2/ { \rm d.o.f } $ fits to RHIC as well as LHC data .	Numerical analysis shows that the best fit favors a multiple scattering picture for the energetic jets propagating through the bulk medium , with a moderate averaged number of gluon emissions .
+3	Specifically , the theory of decoherence and more generally the origin and effects of quantum noise and the loss of entanglement in quantum dynamics of qubits and several-qubit registers has been advanced .	We outline selected trends and results in theoretical modeling of quantum systems in support of the developing research field of quantum information processing .	The resulting modeling tools have been applied to semiconductor materials and nanostructures that show promise for implementation of coherent , controlled quantum dynamics at the level of registers of several quantum bits ( qubits ) , such as spins .	Many-body field-theoretical techniques have been utilized to address a spectrum of diverse research topics .	Qubit coupling mechanisms via the indirect exchange interaction have been investigated , and quantum computing designs have been evaluated for scalability .
+0	We present results from daily radio continuum observations of the Bootes field as part of the Pi GHz Sky Survey ( PiGSS ) .	These results are part of a systematic and unbiased campaign to characterize variable and transient sources in the radio sky .	The observations include 78 individual epochs distributed over 5 months at a radio frequency of 3.1 GHz with a median RMS image noise in each epoch of 2.8 mJy .	We produce 5 monthly images with a median RMS of 0.6 mJy .	No transient radio sources are detected in the daily or monthly images .
+3	We argue that momentum-driven winds are an efficient mechanism for feedback during the formation of galaxies .	We investigate large-scale galactic winds driven by momentum deposition .	Momentum injection is provided by ( 1 ) radiation pressure produced by the continuum absorption and scattering of UV photons on dust grains and ( 2 ) supernovae .	UV radiation can be produced by a starburst or AGN activity .	We show that above a limiting luminosity , momentum deposition from star formation can expel a significant fraction of the gas in a galaxy .
+3	Such a spatiotemporal mechanism yields different evolutions of energy transfer patterns in multi-quantum-dot systems .	Nature-inspired devices and architectures are attracting considerable attention for various purposes , including the development of novel computing techniques based on spatiotemporal dynamics , exploiting stochastic processes for computing , and reducing energy dissipation .	This paper demonstrates that networks of optical energy transfers between quantum nanostructures mediated by optical near-field interactions occurring at scales far below the wavelength of light could be utilized for solving a constraint satisfaction problem ( CSP ) , the satisfiability problem ( SAT ) , and a decision making problem .	The optical energy transfer from smaller quantum dots to larger ones , which is a quantum stochastic process , depends on the existence of resonant energy levels between the quantum dots or a state-filling effect occurring at the larger quantum dots .	We numerically demonstrate that networks of optical energy transfers can be used for solution searching and decision making .
+1	Two distribution functions for the charge transmitted was obtained previously , first by L.Levitov and G.Lesovik , [ JETP Letters Vol.55 p.555 ( 1992 ) ] and the other initially by the same authors [ ibid .	We discuss controversial results for the statistics of charge transport through coherent conductors .	Vol.58 p.230 ( 1993 ) ] , and later the result was reproduced by several authors .	The latter distribution functions actually coincides with classical binomial distribution ( though obtained purely quantum mechanically ) former ( result of 1992 ) is different and we call it here quantum binomial distribution .	The two distribution function represent two opposite universal limits - one is purely quantum , where interference is important , and the other is semiclassical , where interference is smeared out .
+3	Importantly , the solution gives excellent light transmittance in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range , an improvement over commercially-available immersion liquids .	Optically-transparent immersion liquids with refractive index ( n ~ 1.77 ) to match sapphire-based aplanatic numerical aperture increasing lens ( aNAIL ) are necessary for achieving deep 3D imaging with high spatial resolution .	We report that antimony tribromide ( SbBr $ _ { 3 } $ ) salt dissolved in liquid diiodomethane ( CH $ _ { 2 } $ I $ _ { 2 } $ ) provides a new high refractive index immersion liquid for optics applications .	The refractive index is tunable from n = 1.74 ( pure ) to n = 1.873 ( saturated ) , by adjusting either salt concentration or temperature ; this allows it to match ( or even exceed ) the refractive index of sapphire .	This refractive index matched immersion liquid formulation has enabled us to develop a sapphire-based aNAIL objective that has both high numerical aperture ( NA = 1.17 ) and long working distance ( WD = 12 mm ) .
+2	It also reflects the conditions at the accretion column and the local environment over the changing viewing angles .	We have performed a detailed pulse phase resolved spectral analysis of the cyclotron resonant scattering features ( CRSF ) of the two Be/X-ray pulsars A0535+26 and XTE J1946+274 and the wind accreting HMXB pulsar 4U 1907+09 using Suzaku observations .	The CRSF parameters vary strongly over the pulse phase and can be used to map the magnetic field and a possible deviation form the dipole geometry in these sources .	The pattern of variation with pulse phase are obtained with more than one continuum spectral models for each source , all of which give consistent results .	Care is also taken to perform the analysis over a stretch of data having constant spectral characteristics and luminosity to ensure that the results reflect the variations due to the changing viewing angle alone .
+4	The first algorithm computes the number of connected components and the first Betti number of a semi-algebraic set defined by compact objects in $ \mathbb { R } ^k $ which are simply connected .	In this thesis , we consider semi-algebraic sets over a real closed field $ R $ defined by quadratic polynomials .	Semi-algebraic sets of $ R^k $ are defined as the smallest family of sets in $ R^k $ that contains the algebraic sets as well as the sets defined by polynomial inequalities , and which is also closed under the boolean operations ( complementation , finite unions and finite intersections ) .	We prove new bounds on the Betti numbers as well as on the number of different stable homotopy types of certain fibers of semi-algebraic sets over a real closed field $ R $ defined by quadratic polynomials , in terms of the parameters of the system of polynomials defining them , which improve the known results .	We conclude the thesis with presenting two new algorithms along with their implementations .
+3	We show that we can arbitrarily reprogram the function of the device from an n-type SET for in-plane magnetization of the GaMnAs layer to p-type SET for out-of-plane magnetization orientation .	We propose a novel hybrid single-electron device for reprogrammable low-power logic operations , the magnetic single-electron transistor ( MSET ) .	The device consists of an aluminium single-electron transistors with a GaMnAs magnetic back-gate .	Changing between different logic gate functions is realized by reorienting the magnetic moments of the magnetic layer which induce a voltage shift on the Coulomb blockade oscillations of the MSET .	Moreover , we demonstrate a set of reprogrammable Boolean gates and its logical complement at the single device level .
+2	Our proven bounds focus on the MapReduce framework , which has become the de facto tool for handling such large matrices that can not be stored or even streamed through a single machine .	We compute the singular values of an $ m \times n $ sparse matrix $ A $ in a distributed setting , without communication dependence on $ m $ , which is useful for very large $ m $ .	In particular , we give a simple nonadaptive sampling scheme where the singular values of $ A $ are estimated within relative error with constant probability .	On the way , we give a general method to compute $ A^TA $ .	We preserve singular values of $ A^TA $ with $ \epsilon $ relative error with shuffle size $ O ( n^2/\epsilon^2 ) $ and reduce-key complexity $ O ( n/\epsilon^2 ) $ .
+2	The parsing process defined by GIGs incrementally builds a syntactic representation of a sentence as each successive lexeme is read .	Graph Interpolation Grammars are a declarative formalism with an operational semantics .	Their goal is to emulate salient features of the human parser , and notably incrementality .	A GIG rule specifies a set of parse configurations that trigger its application and an operation to perform on a matching configuration .	Rules are partly context-sensitive ; furthermore , they are reversible , meaning that their operations can be undone , which allows the parsing process to be nondeterministic .
+1	Scanning electron microscopy observations showed a lotus-leaf-like surface structure of the deposited inorganic films .	Hydrophobic inorganic films were obtained by direct deposition of copper or silicon onto natural lotus leaves by ion beam sputtering deposition technique .	Hydrophobic nature of the inorganic films on lotus leaves had been improved compared to the inorganic films deposited on flat silicon substrates .	Water contact angles measured on the lotus-leaf-like copper and silicon films were 136.3 \pm 8 { \deg } and 117.8 \pm 4.4 { \deg } , respectively .	The hydrophobic lotus-leaf-like inorganic films had been repeated used as nanoimprint stamps .
+0	We propose and study a version of simulated annealing ( SA ) on continuous state spaces based on $ ( t , s ) _R $ -sequences .	The parameter $ R\in\bar { \mathbb { N } } $ regulates the degree of randomness of the input sequence , with the case $ R=0 $ corresponding to IID uniform random numbers and the limiting case $ R=\infty $ to $ ( t , s ) $ -sequences .	Our main result , obtained for rectangular domains , shows that the resulting optimization method , which we refer to as QMC-SA , converges almost surely to the global optimum of the objective function $ \varphi $ for any $ R\in\mathbb { N } $ .	When $ \varphi $ is univariate , we are in addition able to show that the completely deterministic version of QMC-SA is convergent .	A key property of these results is that they do not require objective-dependent conditions on the cooling schedule .
+2	To understand which of the two orders develop , we adopt the magnetic scenario , in which the CDW order appears due to spin-fluctuation exchange , and derive the Ginzburg-Landau action to the sixth order in $ \Delta_x $ and $ \Delta_y $ .	We analyze the interplay between charge-density-wave ( CDW ) orders with axial momenta $ ( Q , 0 ) $ and $ ( 0 , Q ) $ ( $ \Delta_x $ and $ \Delta_y $ respectively ) , detected in the underdoped cuprates .	The CDW order in real space can be uni-directional ( either $ \Delta_x $ or $ \Delta_y $ is non-zero ) or bi-directional ( both $ \Delta_x $ and $ \Delta_y $ are non-zero ) .	We argue that , at the mean-field level , the CDW order is bi-directional at the onset , with equal amplitudes of $ \Delta_x $ and $ \Delta_y $ , but changes to uni-directional inside the CDW phase .	This implies that , at a given temperature , CDW order is uni-directional at smaller dopings , but becomes bi-directional at larger dopings .
+1	Traditionally , such requirements have been model-checked via a reduction to the unbounded case by unfolding the model according to the cost bound .	In the design of probabilistic timed systems , bounded requirements concerning behaviour that occurs within a given time , energy , or more generally cost budget are of central importance .	This exacerbates the state space explosion problem and significantly increases runtime .	In this paper , we present three new algorithms to model-check time- and cost-bounded properties for Markov decision processes and probabilistic timed automata that avoid unfolding .	They are based on a modified value iteration process , on an enumeration of schedulers , and on state elimination techniques .
+2	Although the topological states of self stress arise in the linear response of an idealized mechanical frame of harmonic springs connected by freely-hinged joints , they leave a distinct signature in the nonlinear buckling behaviour of a cellular material built out of elastic beams with rigid joints .	States of self-stress , tensions and compressions of structural elements that result in zero net forces , play an important role in determining the load-bearing ability of structures ranging from bridges to metamaterials with tunable mechanical properties .	We exploit a class of recently introduced states of self-stress analogous to topological quantum states to sculpt localized buckling regions in the interior of periodic cellular metamaterials .	The salient feature of these localized buckling regions is that they are indistinguishable from their surroundings as far as material parameters or connectivity of their constituent elements are concerned .	Furthermore , they are robust against a wide range of structural perturbations .
+3	Examples coming from the theory of quantum groups are reconsidered within our holomorphic deformation scheme and topological duality theory .	In this article we propose a new and so-called holomorphic deformation scheme for locally convex algebras and Hopf algebras .	Essentially we regard converging power series expansion of a deformed product on a locally convex algebra , thus giving the means to actually insert complex values for the deformation parameter .	Moreover we establish a topological duality theory for locally convex Hopf algebras .	It is shown that all the standard quantum groups comprise holomorphic deformations .
+4	As in Goodman 's paradox the Bayesian inference is susceptible to some epistemic limitations in the logic of induction .	We discuss epistemological and methodological aspects of the Bayesian approach in astrophysics and cosmology .	The introduction to the Bayesian framework is given for a further discussion concerning the Bayesian inference in physics .	The interplay between the modern cosmology , Bayesian statistics , and philosophy of science is presented .	We consider paradoxes of confirmation , like Goodman 's paradox , appearing in the Bayesian theory of confirmation .
+4	Finally we comment on the robust Z-gamma signature that will always accompany the model we investigate .	ATLAS and CMS recently released the first results of searches for diphoton resonances in 13 TeV data , revealing a modest excess at an invariant mass of approximately 750 GeV .	We find that it is generically possible that a singlet scalar resonance is the origin of the excess while avoiding all other constraints .	We highlight some of the implications of this model and how compatible it is with certain features of the experimental results .	In particular , we find that the very large total width of the excess is difficult to explain with loop-level decays alone , pointing to other interesting bounds and signals if this feature of the data persists .
+3	The adversary 's error rate is within a constant factor of optimal .	We consider the problem of implementing distributed protocols , despite adversarial channel errors , on synchronous-messaging networks with arbitrary topology .	In our first result we show that any $ n $ -party $ T $ -round protocol on an undirected communication network $ G $ can be compiled into a robust simulation protocol on a sparse ( $ \mathcal { O } ( n ) $ edges ) subnetwork so that the simulation tolerates an adversarial error rate of $ \Omega\left ( \frac { 1 } { n } \right ) $ ; the simulation has a round complexity of $ \mathcal { O } \left ( \frac { m \log n } { n } T\right ) $ , where $ m $ is the number of edges in $ G $ .	( So the simulation is work-preserving up to a $ \log $ factor . )	Given the error rate , the round complexity blowup is within a factor of $ \mathcal { O } ( k \log n ) $ of optimal , where $ k $ is the edge connectivity of $ G $ .
+4	Our analysis suggests ways to experimentally detect the presence of the superfluid phase in trapped atomic Fermi gases .	We consider the low energy collective monopole modes of a trapped weakly interacting atomic Fermi gas in the collisionless regime .	The spectrum is calculated for varying coupling strength and chemical potential .	Using an effective Hamiltonian , we derive analytical results that agree well with numerical calculations in various regimes .	The onset of superfluidity is shown to lead to effects such as the vanishing of the energy required to create a Cooper molecule at a critical coupling strength and to the emergence of pair vibration excitations .
+3	Therefore , this paper considers frequency selective hybrid precoding with RF beamforming vectors taken from a quantized codebook .	Hybrid analog/digital precoding allows millimeter wave MIMO systems to leverage large antenna array gains while permitting low cost and power consumption hardware .	Most prior work has focused on hybrid precoding for narrow-band mmWave systems .	MmWave systems , however , will likely operate on wideband channels with frequency selectivity .	For this system , a low-complexity yet near-optimal greedy algorithm is developed for the design of the hybrid analog/digital precoders .
+2	The models of mass M & gt ; = 0.9 Msun undergo the central hydrogen flash , triggered by the carbon production due to the 3-alpha reactions .	We present the evolutionary models of metal-free stars in the mass range from 0.8 to 1.2 Msun with up-to-date input physics .	The evolution is followed to the onset of hydrogen mixing into a convection , driven by the helium flash at red giant or asymptotic giant branch phase .	We find that the border of the off-center and central ignition of helium core flash falls between 1.1 and 1.2 Msun ; the models of mass M & lt ; = 1.1 Msun experience the hydrogen mixing at the tip of red giant branch while the models of M = 1.2 Msun during the helium shell flashes on the asymptotic giant branch .	The equation of state for the Coulomb liquid region , where electron conduction and radiation compete , is shown to be important since it affects the thermal state in the helium core and influences the red giant branch evolution .
+3	Killing vectors together with generalized Killing spinors ( i.e.nabla^ { S } -parallel spinors ) are interpreted as the values of appropriate geometric symmetries of M , namely even and odd Killing fields .	Let M_0=G_0/H be a ( pseudo ) -Riemannian homogeneous spin manifold , with reductive decomposition g_0=h+m and let S ( M_0 ) be the spin bundle defined by the spin representation Ad : H- & gt ; \GL_R ( S ) of the stabilizer H. This article studies the superizations of M_0 , i.e.its extensions to a homogeneous supermanifold M=G/H whose sheaf of superfunctions is isomorphic to Lambda ( S^* ( M_0 ) ) .	Here G is the Lie supergroup associated with a certain extension of the Lie algebra of symmetry g_0 to an algebra of supersymmetry g=g_0+g_1=g_0+S via the Kostant-Koszul construction .	Each algebra of supersymmetry naturally determines a flat connection nabla^ { S } in the spin bundle S ( M_0 ) .	An explicit formula for the Killing representation of the algebra of supersymmetry is obtained , generalizing some results of Koszul .
+3	This could potentially reduce the bound on the lowest Kaluza-Klein gauge boson masses to the 5 TeV range , making them detectable at the LHC .	With the prospect of improved Higgs measurements at the LHC and at proposed future colliders such as ILC , CLIC and TLEP we study the non-custodial Randall-Sundrum model with bulk SM fields and compare brane and bulk Higgs scenarios .	The latter bear resemblance to the well studied type III two-Higgs-doublet models .	We compute the electroweak precision observables and argue that incalculable contributions to these , in the form of higher dimensional operators , could have an impact on the T-parameter .	In a second part , we compute the misalignment between fermion masses and Yukawa couplings caused by vector-like Kaluza-Klein fermions in this setup .
+1	First I extend these analyses to calculate the work required even if the output of pi depends on its input , and even if C is not used with the distribution P_0 it was tailored for .	Recent analyses have calculated the minimal thermodynamic work required to perform a computation pi when two conditions hold : the output of pi is independent of its input ( e.g. , as in bit erasure ) ; we use a physical computer C to implement pi that is specially tailored to the environment of C , i.e. , to the precise distribution over C 's inputs , P_0 .	Next I show that if C will be re-used , then the minimal work to run it depends only on the logical computation pi , independent of the physical details of C. This establishes a formal identity between the thermodynamics of ( re-usable ) computers and theoretical computer science .	I use this identity to prove that the minimal work required to compute a bit string sigma on a `` general purpose computer '' rather than a special purpose one , i.e. , on a universal Turing machine U , is k_BT ln ( 2 ) times the sum of three terms : The Kolmogorov complexity of sigma , log of the Bernoulli measure of the set of strings that compute sigma , and log of the halting probability of U. I also prove that using C with a distribution over environments results in an unavoidable increase in the work required to run the computer , even if it is tailored to the distribution over environments .	I end by using these results to relate the free energy flux incident on an organism / robot / biosphere to the maximal amount of computation that the organism / robot / biosphere can do per unit time .
+2	We generate configurations at various values of the quantized magnetic flux with N_f=2+1 flavors of stout smeared staggered quarks at physical quark masses .	The effect of an external magnetic field on the finite temperature transition of QCD is studied .	We measure thermodynamic observables including the quark condensates and susceptibilities and the strange quark number susceptibility .	We perform the renormalization of our observables and approach the continuum limit with N_t=6,8 and 10 lattices .	We also check finite volume effects using various lattice volumes .
+4	We will focus on two simple issues : the problem of using adequate passwords and the problem of managing passwords .	Many computer-based authentication schemata are based on pass- words .	Logging on a computer , reading email , accessing content on a web server are all examples of applications where the identification of the user is usually accomplished matching the data provided by the user with data known by the application .	Such a widespread approach relies on some assumptions , whose satisfaction is of foremost importance to guarantee the robustness of the solution .	Some of these assumptions , like having a `` secure '' chan- nel to transmit data , or having sound algorithms to check the correct- ness of the data , are not addressed by this paper .
+1	Apart from the least squares cost functional , naturally used in bilevel learning , we propose and analyse an alternative cost , based on a Huber regularised TV-seminorm .	We consider a bilevel optimisation approach for parameter learning in higher-order total variation image reconstruction models .	Differentiability properties of the solution operator are verified and a first-order optimality system is derived .	Based on the adjoint information , a quasi-Newton algorithm is proposed for the numerical solution of the bilevel problems .	Numerical experiments are carried out to show the suitability of our approach and the improved performance of the new cost functional .
+0	We consider an extra dimensional model where the quadratically divergent top loop contribution to the Higgs mass is cancelled by an uncolored heavy `` top quirk '' charged under a different SU ( 3 ) gauge group .	The cancellation is enforced by bulk gauge symmetries .	Thus we have an unusual type of little Higgs model which has some quirky signatures .	The top partner in this model could be identified at the Large Hadron Collider due to macroscopic strings that connect quirk and anti-quirks .	The model can undergo radiative electroweak symmetry breaking and is consistent with precision electroweak measurements .
+2	Heterochromatin was stained by 2 % orcein in 45 % acetic acid .	Cells of human buccal epithelium of 6 male donors were exposed to microwave radiation ( frequency f=36,64 GHz , power density E = 10 , 100 , and 400 mcW/cm^2 ) .	Exposure time in all experiments was 10 seconds .	The stainability of cells with trypan blue ( 0,5 % ) and indigocarmine ( 5 mM ) after 5 min of staining was investigated .	Irradiation induced chromatin condensation ( increase of number of heterochromatin granules ) and increase of membrane permeability to vital dyes trypan blue and indigocarmine .
+4	An approach that makes only use of plugging in a Bahadur expansion of the nonparametric estimator is not satisfactory .	We discuss nonparametric tests for parametric specifications of regression quantiles .	The test is based on the comparison of parametric and nonparametric fits of these quantiles .	The nonparametric fit is a Nadaraya-Watson quantile smoothing estimator .	An asymptotic treatment of the test statistic requires the development of new mathematical arguments .
+1	We measure magnitudes for the GRB970228 point source component in the WFPC2 images of $ V=26.20^ { +0.14 } _ { -0.13 } $ , $ I_c=23.94^ { +0.10 } _ { -0.09 } $ and $ V=26.52^ { +0.16 } _ { -0.18 } $ , $ I_c=24.31^ { +0.15 } _ { -0.11 } $ on March 26 and April 7 , respectively ; and $ R_c=27.09^ { +0.14 } _ { -0.14 } $ on September 4 in the STIS image .	We carefully analyze the WFPC2 and STIS images of GRB970228 .	For the extended component , we measure magnitudes of $ R_c=25.48^ { +0.22 } _ { -0.20 } $ in the combined WFPC2 images and $ R_c=25.54^ { +0.33 } _ { -0.22 } $ in the STIS image , which are consistent with no variation .	This value is fainter than previously reported ( Galama et al .	98 ) and modifies the previously assumed magnitudes for the optical transient when it faded to a level where the extended source component contribution was not negligible , alleviating the discrepancy to a power-law temporal behavior .
+1	In this paper , we consider two different parton OAM distributions .	While the total orbital angular momentum ( OAM ) of a definite quark flavor in a longitudinally-polarized nucleon can be obtained through a sum rule involving twist-two generalized parton distribution ( GPDs ) , its distribution as a function of parton momentum in light-front coordinates is more complicated to define and measure because it involves intrinsically twist-three effects .	The first is manifestly gauge invariant , and its moments are local operators and calculable in lattice QCD .	We show that it can potentially be measured through twist-three GPDs .	The second is the much-debated canonical OAM distribution natural in free-field theory and light-cone gauge .
+0	The p-d model which well describes the CuO_2 planes of the high-Tc superconductors is studied by means of the Composite Operator Method ( COM ) .	The relevant quasi-particle excitations are represented by composite operators .	As a result of taking into account spin excitations we find a p- like band near the Fermi level .	The dispersion of this band gives a Fermi surface which is in good agreement with the experimental measurements .	Due to the strong mixing of the relevant excitations , the spectral weight of this band is reduced and gives a large Fermi surface in the moderately doped region .
+0	Considering finite-temperature screened electron-impurity scattering , we present a kinetic equation approach to investigate transport properties of two-dimensional massive fermions in silicene .	We find that the longitudinal conductivity is always nonvanishing when chemical potential lies within the energy gap .	This residual conductivity arises from interband correlation and strongly depends on strength of electron-impurity scattering .	We also clarify that the electron-impurity interaction makes substantial contributions to the spin- and valley-Hall conductivities , which , however , are almost independent of impurity density .	The dependencies of longitudinal conductivity as well as of spin- and valley-Hall conductivities on chemical potential , on temperature , and on gap energy are analyzed .
+0	The continuum theory of partially fluidized shear granular flows is tested and calibrated using two dimensional soft particle molecular dynamics simulations .	The theory is based on the relaxational dynamics of the order parameter that describes the transition between static and flowing regimes of granular material .	We define the order parameter as a fraction of static contacts among all contacts between particles .	We also propose and verify by direct simulations the constitutive relation based on the splitting of the shear stress tensor into a `` fluid part '' proportional to the strain rate tensor , and a remaining `` solid part '' .	The ratio of these two parts is a function of the order parameter .
+4	We also provide analytical results in support of the trends found in the localization behavior .	We present a theoretical study of the effects of the next-nearest-neighbor ( NNN ) hopping ( $ t_2 $ ) on the properties of non-interacting bosons in optical lattices in the presence of an Aubry-Andr\ ' { e } quasi-disorder .	First we investigate , employing exact diagonalization , the effects of $ t_2 $ on the localization properties of a single boson .	The localization is monitored using an entanglement measure as well as with inverse participation ratio .	We find that the sign of $ t_2 $ has a significant influence on the localization effects .
+2	This large number of resonances , their relative strengths and characteristic shapes trace the universal properties of the electronic states near a separatrix in the momentum space .	Graphite , a model ( semi ) metal with trigonally warped bands , is investigated with magneto-absorption experiment and viewed as an electronic system in the vicinity of the Lifshitz transition .	A characteristic pattern of up to twenty cyclotron resonance harmonics has been observed .	Quantum-mechanical perturbative methods with respect to the trigonal warping term hardly describe the data which are , on the other hand , fairly well reproduced within a quasi-classical approach and conventional band structure model .	Trigonal symmetry is preserved in graphite in contrast to a similar system , bilayer graphene .
+4	The resulting entanglement temperature is presented as function of the parameters of the system and those of the initial conditions .	The entanglement between the position and coin state of a $ N $ -dimensional quantum walker is shown to lead to a thermodynamic theory .	The entropy , in this thermodynamics , is associated to the reduced density operator for the evolution of chirality , taking a partial trace over positions .	From the asymptotic reduced density matrix it is possible to define thermodynamic quantities , such as the asymptotic entanglement entropy , temperature , Helmholz free energy , etc .	We study in detail the case of a $ 2 $ -dimensional quantum walk , in the case of two different initial conditions : a non-separable coin-position initial state , and a separable one .
+3	This projection works for particular multiparametric deformations of $ SO ( N+2 ) $ , the so-called `` minimal '' deformations .	We present a general method to deform the inhomogeneous algebras of the $ B_n , C_n , D_n $ type , and find the corresponding bicovariant differential calculus .	The method is based on a projection from $ B_ { n+1 } , C_ { n+1 } , D_ { n+1 } $ .	For example we obtain the ( bicovariant ) inhomogeneous $ q $ -algebra $ ISO_q ( N ) $ as a consistent projection of the ( bicovariant ) $ q $ -algebra $ SO_q ( N+2 ) $ .	The case of $ ISO_q ( 4 ) $ is studied in detail : a real form corresponding to a Lorentz signature exists only for one of the minimal deformations , depending on one parameter $ q $ .
+3	We find improved levels of cooperation when evolution is carried on rings and individuals imitate according to both the traditional pay-off bias and a conformist bias .	We study the effects of conformity , the tendency of humans to imitate locally common behaviors , in the evolution of cooperation when individuals occupy the vertices of a graph and engage in the one-shot Prisoner 's Dilemma or the Snowdrift game with their neighbors .	Two different graphs are studied : rings ( one-dimensional lattices with cyclic boundary conditions ) and scale-free networks of the Barabasi-Albert type .	The proposed evolutionary-graph model is studied both by means of Monte Carlo simulations and an extended pair-approximation technique .	More important , we show that scale-free networks are no longer powerful amplifiers of cooperation when fair amounts of conformity are introduced in the imitation rules of the players .
+2	One of them is the system unser study and the other is the `` unperturbed system '' used to express the wave functions , even in the case that both systems are not close .	A calculation of the classical analogue for the quantum wave function and local denity of states , in energy representation , is presented for simple Hamiltonian systems .	Sucha analogous were proposed by M. V. Berry and A. voros considering the intersection of energy shells of two systems as the only semiclassical object which can give support to eigenfunctions .	For simple systems and as for scalable ones analytical expressions are obtainable .	In the present work we offer examples of both .
+3	We then find such an arc within a moduli space of candidate polygonal arcs by exploring differences in conformal geometry between the regions .	We prove the existence of complete minimal surfaces of genus g & gt ; 1 which minimize the total curvature for their genus .	Our method is first to identify this ( Weierstrass high dimensional period ) problem with the problem of finding a particular type of polygonal arc in the complex domain : the arc alternates between horizontal and vertical segments , and the two complementary regions admit a conformal , vertex-preserving map .	The pair of complementary domains represent flat structures for pieces of the Weierstrass data .	The argument is sufficiently robust that it generalizes to prove the existence of other types of minimal surfaces .
+0	Great uncertainty surrounds dark energy , both in terms of its physics , and the choice of methods by which the problem should be addressed .	Here we quantify the redshift sensitivities offered by different techniques .	We focus on the three methods most adept at constraining w , namely supernovae , cosmic shear , and baryon oscillations .	For each we provide insight into the family of w ( z ) models which are permitted for a particular constraint on either w=w0 or w=w0+wa ( 1-a ) .	Our results are in the form of `` weight functions '' , which describe the fitted model parameters as a weighted average over the true functional form .
+0	Multi-instance learning attempts to learn from a training set consisting of labeled bags each containing many unlabeled instances .	Previous studies typically treat the instances in the bags as independently and identically distributed .	However , the instances in a bag are rarely independent , and therefore a better performance can be expected if the instances are treated in an non-i.i.d .	way that exploits the relations among instances .	In this paper , we propose a simple yet effective multi-instance learning method , which regards each bag as a graph and uses a specific kernel to distinguish the graphs by considering the features of the nodes as well as the features of the edges that convey some relations among instances .
+2	In particular , we show that the initial data set for silent universes is `` non-contorted '' and therefore ( Beig and Szabados , 1997 ) isometrically embeddable in a conformally flat spacetime .	Silent universes are studied using a `` 3+1 '' decomposition of the field equations in order to make progress in proving a recent conjecture that the only silent universes of Petrov type I are spatially homogeneous Bianchi I models .	The infinite set of constraints are written in a geometrically clear form as an infinite set of Codacci tensors on the initial hypersurface .	We prove , by making use of algebraic computing programs , that the conjecture holds in the simpler case when the spacetime is vacuum .	This result points to confirming the validity of the conjecture in the general case .
+1	Therefore , the study of blazars ( and in general of radio loud AGN ) through the use of multi-frequency simultaneous data is essential in order to understand the physical processes that take place in these objects .	Blazars are jet-dominated extragalactic objects characterized by the emission of strongly variable non-thermal radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum .	With Planck , Fermi and Swift simultaneously on orbit , complemented with other space and ground-based observatories , it is possible to assemble high-quality multi-frequency simultaneous broad-band spectra of large and statistically well-defined samples of radio-loud AGN .	In particular , four samples of sources have been selected .	The first three samples are flux limited in the high energy part of the electromagnetic spectrum : the soft X-ray ( 0.1-2 keV ) sample includes 43 sources from the Rosat All Sky Survey Bright Source Catalog , the hard X-ray ( 15-150 keV ) sample includes 34 sources from the Swift-BAT 54 months source catalog and the gamma-ray sample includes 50 sources from the Fermi-LAT 3 months Bright AGN Source List .
+4	It is concluded , that in the majority of the observed lines of sight , 60-90 % of the CO is in a nearly pure form .	Medium resolution ( lambda/Delta lambda = 5000-10000 ) VLT-ISAAC M-band spectra are presented of 39 young stellar objects in nearby low-mass star forming clouds showing the 4.67 micron stretching vibration mode of solid CO. By taking advantage of the unprecedentedly large sample , high S/N ratio and high spectral resolution , similarities in the ice profiles from source to source are identified .	It is found that excellent fits to all the spectra can be obtained using a phenomenological decomposition of the CO stretching vibration profile at 4.67 micron into 3 components .	All observed interstellar CO profiles can thus be uniquely described by a model depending on only 3 linear fit parameters , indicating that a maximum of 3 specific molecular environments of solid CO exist under astrophysical conditions .	A simple physical model of the CO ice is presented , which shows that the 2139.9 cm-1 component is indistinguishable from pure CO ice .
+4	The multiuser diversity gain does not always increase as the number of users increases .	The design of a scheduling scheme is crucial for the efficiency and user-fairness of wireless networks .	Assuming that the quality of all user channels is available to a central controller , a simple scheme which maximizes the utility function defined as the sum logarithm throughput of all users has been shown to guarantee proportional fairness .	However , to acquire the channel quality information may consume substantial amount of resources .	In this work , it is assumed that probing the quality of each user 's channel takes a fraction of the coherence time , so that the amount of time for data transmission is reduced .
+0	We present a detailed photoionisation model of the brightest knot of star format ion in the blue compact dwarf galaxy Mrk 209 .	The model reproduces the intensiti es of main lines emitted by the ionised gas , resulting in a very good agreement between observed and predicted line temperatures and chemical abundances of the observed ionic species .	The model has been calculated using the spectral energy distribution of a massive cluster of recent formation as the ionising source .	The features of Wolf-Rayet stars observed in the spectrum of the object , along with its ionising properties , lead to different solutions for the ages and characteristics of the ionising stellar populations.The found solutions are compatible with either a composite population of two ionising clusters or a continuous star formation .	In the first case , a young cluster , with an age less than 3 Myr , would be responsible for most of the ionisation properties while an older cluster , with either 3.2 or 4.2 Myr , would be responsible for the emission of the observed WR features in the spectrum of the knot .
+2	Yet these novel successes of the Standard Model ( SM ) do not invalidate any of the theoretical arguments for the incompleteness of the SM .	Our knowledge of flavour dynamics has undergone a `quantum jump ' since just before the turn of the millenium : direct \cp violation has been firmly { \em established } in $ K_L \to \pi \pi $ decays in 1999 ; the first \cp asymmetry outside $ K_L $ decays has been discovered in 2001 in $ B_d \to \psi K_S $ , followed by $ B_d \to \pi^+\pi^- $ , $ \eta^ { \prime } K_S $ and $ B \to K^ { \pm } \pi^ { \mp } $ , the last one establishing direct \cp violation also in the beauty sector.Furthermore CKM dynamics allows a description of \cp insensitive and sensitive $ B $ , $ K $ and $ D $ transitions that is impressively consistent also on the quantitative level .	Theories of flavour dynamics that could serve as { \em alternatives } to CKM have been ruled out .	In addition we have also more direct evidence for New Physics , namely neutrino oscillations , the observed baryon number of the Universe , dark matter and dark energy .	While the New Physics anticipated at the TeV scale is not likely to shed any light on the SM 's mysteries of flavour , detailed and comprehensive studies of heavy flavour transitions will be essential in diagnosing salient features of that New Physics .
+1	Under certain conditions the west side of stones appear to be on average slightly warmer than their east sides , thus experiencing a stronger recoil force and increasing the rotation rate of the asteroid .	This article discusses how re-emission of absorbed solar light by centimeter- to decimeter-sized structures on the surface of an asteroid can create a component of the recoil force parallel to the surface .	We study this effect , called the Tangential YORP effect , in a toy model , replacing stones with walls and simulating heat conductivity in them .	We discuss general trends of the effect , estimate its magnitude , and find it to be comparable to the normal YORP effect determined by gross-scale asymmetry of the asteroid .	The existence of this effect would modify the predictions of the YORP acceleration of asteroids .
+0	Recent Cosmic Microwave Background measurements at high multipoles from the South Pole Telescope and from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope seem to disagree in their conclusions for the neutrino and dark radiation properties .	In this paper we set new bounds on the dark radiation and neutrino properties in different cosmological scenarios combining the ACT and SPT data with the nine year data release of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP9 ) , Baryon Acoustic Oscillation data , Hubble Telescope measurements of the Hubble constant , and Supernovae Ia luminosity distance data .	In the standard three massive neutrino case , the two high multipole probes give similar results if Baryon Acoustic Oscillation data are removed from the analyses and Hubble Telescope measurements are also exploited .	A similar result is obtained within a standard cosmology with Neff massless neutrinos , although in this case the agreement between these two measurements is also improved when considering simultaneously Baryon Acoustic Oscillation data and Hubble Space Telescope measurements .	In the Neff massive neutrino case the two high multipole probes give very different results regardless of the external data sets used in the combined analyses .
+1	These provide data simultaneously on both H and D with nearly complete angular distributions of the spin-difference cross sections entering the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn ( GDH ) sum rule .	We report new measurements of inclusive pion production from frozen-spin HD for polarized photon beams covering the Delta ( 1232 ) resonance .	Recent results from Mainz and Bonn exceed the GDH prediction for the proton by 22 microbarns , suggesting as yet unmeasured high-energy components .	Our pi0 data reveal a different angular dependence than assumed in Mainz analyses and integrate to a value that is 18 microbarns lower , suggesting a more rapid convergence .	Our results for deuterium are somewhat lower than published data , considerably more precise and generally lower than available calculations .
+2	The word `` definition '' refers to two different situations .	When we try to search for extraterrestrial life and intelligence , we have to follow some guidelines .	The first step is to clarify what is to be meant by `` Life '' and `` intelligence '' , i.e.an attempt to define these words .	First , it means an arbitrary convention .	On the other hand it also often designates an attempt to clarify the content of a pre-existing word for which we have some spontaneous preconceptions , whatever their grounds , and to catch an ( illusory ) `` essence '' of what is defined .
+3	Contact resistances vary systematically with the work function of the electrode metal , $ \phi ( M ) $ , $ M= $ Cu , Au and Pt , with higher work function yielding lower contact resistance .	Multiterminal measurements have typically been employed to examine electronic properties of strongly correlated electronic materials such as transition metal oxides without the influence of contact effects .	In contrast , in this work we investigate the interface properties of Fe $ _3 $ O $ _4 $ with different metals , with the contact effects providing a window on the physics at work in the correlated oxide .	Contact resistances are determined by means of four-terminal electrical measurements as a function of source voltage and temperature .	This trend and the observation that contact resistances are directly proportional to the Fe $ _3 $ O $ _4 $ resistivity are consistent with modeling the oxide as an effective $ p $ -type semiconductor with hopping transport .
+0	We present VLT low resolution spectroscopy of the neutron star X-ray transient XTE J2123-058 during its quiescent state .	Our data reveal the presence of a K7V companion which contributes 77 % to the total flux at 6300 A and orbits the neutron star at K_2 = 287 +/- 12 km/s .	Contrary to other soft X-ray transients ( SXTs ) , the Halpha emission is almost exactly in antiphase with the velocity curve of the optical companion .	Using the light-center technique we obtain K_1 = 140 +/- 27 km/s and hence q=K_1/K_2=M_2/M_1= 0.49 +/- 0.10 .	This , combined with a previous determination of the inclination angle ( i=73 +/- 4 ) yields M_1 = 1.55 +/- 0.31 Msun and M_2 = 0.76 +/- 0.22 Msun .
+3	We find that the spectrum of the AB mode is separated from the particle-hole continuum having the characteristic rotonlike minimum at short wavelength due to the strong charge-density-wave fluctuations .	We study the stability of superfluid Fermi gases in deep optical lattices in the BCS -- Bose-Einstein condensation ( BEC ) crossover at zero temperature .	Within the tight-binding attractive Hubbard model , we calculate the spectrum of the low-energy Anderson-Bogoliubov ( AB ) mode as well as the single-particle excitations in the presence of superfluid flow in order to determine the critical velocities .	To obtain the spectrum of the AB mode , we calculate the density response function in the generalized random-phase approximation applying the Green 's function formalism developed by C\^ot\'e and Griffin to the Hubbard model .	The energy of the rotonlike minimum decreases with increasing the lattice velocity and it reaches zero at the critical velocity which is smaller than the pair breaking velocity .
+4	We present state of the art results in the abstract .	Recently , the dense binary pixel Gigavision camera had been introduced , emulating a digital version of the photographic film .	While seems to be a promising solution for HDR imaging , its output is not directly usable and requires an image reconstruction process .	In this work , we formulate this problem as the minimization of a convex objective combining a maximum-likelihood term with a sparse synthesis prior .	We present MLNet - a novel feed-forward neural network , producing acceptable output quality at a fixed complexity and is two orders of magnitude faster than iterative algorithms .
+0	We revisit the problem of designing strategyproof mechanisms for allocating divisible items among two agents who have linear utilities , where payments are disallowed and there is no prior information on the agents ' preferences .	The objective is to design strategyproof mechanisms which are competitive against the most efficient ( but not strategyproof ) mechanism .	For the case with two items : ( 1 ) We provide a set of sufficient conditions for strategyproofness .	( 2 ) We use an analytic approach to derive strategyproof mechanisms which are more competitive than all prior strategyproof mechanisms .	( 3 ) We improve the linear-program-based proof of Guo and Conitzer to show new upper bounds on competitive ratios .
+0	Let X be an algebraic toric set in a projective space over a finite field .	We study the vanishing ideal , I ( X ) , of X and show some useful degree bounds for a minimal set of generators of I ( X ) .	We give an explicit description of a set of generators of I ( X ) , when X is the algebraic toric set associated to an even cycle or to a connected bipartite graph with pairwise disjoint even cycles .	In this case , a fomula for the regularity of I ( X ) is given .	We show an upper bound for this invariant , when X is associated to a ( not necessarily connected ) bipartite graph .
+2	A uniform magnetic field equal to f flux quanta per plaquette is applied perpendicular to the layers .	We calculate the current-voltage characteristics and critical current I_c^ { array } of an array of Josephson-coupled superconducting wires .	The array has two layers , each consisting of a set of parallel wires , arranged at right angles , such that an overdamped resistively-shunted junction forms wherever two wires cross .	If f = p/q , where p and q are mutually prime integers , I_c^ { array } ( f ) is found to have sharp peaks when q is a small integer .	To an excellent approximation , it is found in a square array of n^2 plaquettes , that I_c^ { array } ( f ) \propto ( n/q ) ^ { 1/2 } for sufficiently large n. This result is interpreted in terms of the commensurability between the array and the assumed q \times q unit cell of the ground state vortex lattice .
+1	Our model includes impurities in the gas phase , CO desorption , and a modification known to eliminate the unphysical O poisoned phase .	We present results of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a modified Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model for the reaction CO+O -- & gt ; CO_2 on a catalytic surface .	The impurities can adsorb and desorb on the surface , but otherwise remain inert .	In a previous work that did not include CO desorption [ G. M. Buendia and P. A. Rikvold , Phys.Rev .	E , 85 031143 ( 2012 ) ] , we found that the impurities have very distinctive effects on the phase diagram and greatly diminish the reactivity of the system .
+3	Combining this calibration with the appropriate Hubble diagrams yields a large-scale value of H_0 = 58.5+/-6.3 at the 90-percent confidence level .	The Hubble diagrams in B , V , and I of a complete sample of 35 SNeIa with ( B-V ) & lt ; 0.06 and 1200 & lt ; v & lt ; 30000 kms^ { -1 } have a scatter of only 0.1 mag , after small corrections are applied for differences in decline rate Delta m_ { 15 } and color ( B-V ) .	The tightness of the Hubble diagrams proves blue SNeIa to be the best `` standard candles '' known .	Their absolute magnitudes M_ { B , V , I } are calibrated by eight SNeIa with Cepheid distances from HST .	The Hubble diagram of SNeIa has so small scatter that it seems feasable to determine Lambda `` locally '' , i.e.within z & lt ; 0.12 , once 100-200 SNeIa with good photometry will be available .
+1	So far , no EDM signal was observed and the upper limit on the neutron EDM , established by the RAL/Sussex/ILL collaboration , is jdnj & lt ; 3 x 10e-26 e cm ( 90 % C.L . ) .	The quest for a non-zero electric dipole moment ( EDM ) of simple systems such as the electron , the neutron or atoms / molecules is a pow- erful way to search for physics beyond the standard model ( SM ) in par- ticular for new sources of CP violation , complementary to LHC exper- iments .	This limits was set with an apparatus using ultra cold neutrons stored in a vessel at room temperature .	The nEDM collaboration at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland aims at reaching a sensitivity in the 10e-27 e cm range soon .	I will present the current status of the experiment and discuss the prospects for the future .
+4	Secondly one must demonstrate that the space allows for a Kaluza Klein ( KK ) scale that is small enough such that one does not reintroduce a hierarchy in the effective theory .	It has been known for some time that warped extra dimensions offer a potential explanation of the large hierarchy that exists between the electroweak scale and the Planck scale .	The majority of this work has focused on a five dimensional slice of AdS space .	This thesis attempts to address the question , what possible spaces offer phenomenologically viable resolutions to this gauge hierarchy problem .	In order for a space to offer a potential resolution to the hierarchy problem two conditions must be met : Firstly one should be able to demonstrate that the space can be stabilised such that a small effective electroweak scale ( or large effective Planck scale ) can be obtained .
+1	It is remarkable , therefore , that the wave-equation of systems in continuous interaction with some reservoir , which may be a measuring device , can be cast into a linear form , even after the degrees of freedom of the reservoir have been eliminated .	While the linearity of the Schr\ '' odinger equation and the superposition principle are fundamental to quantum mechanics , so are the backaction of measurements and the resulting nonlinearity .	The superposition principle still holds for the stochastic wave-function of the observed system , and exact analytical solutions are possible in sufficiently simple cases .	We discuss here the coupling to Markovian reservoirs appropriate for homodyne , heterodyne , and photon counting measurements .	For these we present a derivation of the linear stochastic wave-equation from first principles and analyze its physical content .
+4	Our analysis is consistent with a rapid crossover driven by topological defects .	We investigate two-dimensional frustrated Heisenberg magnets using non-perturbative renormalization group techniques .	These magnets allow for point-like topological defects which are believed to unbind and drive either a crossover or a phase transition which separates a low temperature , spin-wave dominated regime from a high temperature regime where defects are abundant .	Our approach can account for the crossover qualitatively and both the temperature dependence of the correlation length as well as a broad but well defined peak in the specific heat are reproduced .	We find no signatures of a finite temperature transition and an accompanying diverging length scale .
+3	Calculations with real sequences show that purine-pyrimidine symmetry increases with growing of organization .	Various symmetries connected with purine-pyrimidine content of DNA sequences are studied in terms of the intruduced determinative degree , a new characteristics of nucleotide which is connected with codon usage .	A numerological explanation of CG pressure is proposed .	A classification of DNA sequences is given .	A new small parameter which characterizes the purine-pyrimidine symmetry breaking is proposed for the DNA theory .
+3	We also predict a distinctive dip in the HE lightcurve for perturbations caused by a change in the proton injection spectral index .	We introduce a new time-dependent lepto-hadronic model for blazar emission that takes into account the radiation emitted by secondary particles , such as pions and muons , from photo hadronic interactions .	Starting from a baseline parameter set guided by a fit to the spectral energy distribution of the blazar 3C 279 , we perform a parameter study to investigate the effects of perturbations of the input parameters to mimic different flaring events to study the resulting lightcurves in the optical , X-ray , high energy ( HE : E & gt ; 100 MeV ) and very-high-energy ( VHE : E & gt ; 100 GeV ) gamma-rays as well as the neutrino emission associated with charged-pion and muon decay .	We find that flaring events from an increase in the efficiency of Fermi II acceleration will produce a positive correlation between all bandpasses and a marked plateau in the HE gamma-ray lightcurve .	These plateaus / dips could be a tell tale signature of hadronic models for perturbations that lead to more efficient acceleration of high energy protons in parameter regimes where pion and muon synchrotron emission is non-negligible .
+2	A station can adapt its packet length and the size of its state space to the amount of traffic in its neighborhood .	Distributed medium access control ( MAC ) protocols are proposed for wireless networks assuming that one-hop peers can periodically exchange a small amount of state information .	Each station maintains a state and makes state transitions and transmission decisions based on its state and recent state information collected from its one-hop peers .	It is shown that these protocols converge to a steady state , where stations take turns to transmit in each neighborhood without collision .	In other words , an efficient time-division multiple access ( TDMA ) like schedule is formed in a distributed manner , as long as the topology of the network remains static or changes slowly with respect to the execution of the protocol .
+3	Here we present the phase diagram of a spin-polarized Fermi gas of $ ^6 $ Li atoms at unitarity , mapping out the superfluid phase versus temperature and density imbalance .	The pairing of fermions is at the heart of superconductivity and superfluidity .	The recent experimental realization of strongly interacting atomic Fermi gases has opened a new , controllable way to study novel forms of pairing and superfluidity .	A major controversial issue has been the stability of superfluidity against an imbalance between the two spin components when the fermions interact resonantly .	Using tomographic techniques , we reveal spatial discontinuities in the spin polarization , the signature of a first-order superfluid-to-normal phase transition , which disappears at a tricritical point where the nature of the phase transition changes from first-order to second-order .
+3	Numerical simulations and experimental data show how proper tuning of the parameter r ensures a very stable differential output with knee frequencies of the order of few mHz .	Radiometeric CMB measurements need to be highly stable and this stability is best obtained with differential receivers .	The residual 1/f noise in the differential output is strongly dependent on the radiometer input offset which can be cancelled using various balancing strategies .	In this paper we discuss a software method implemented in the Planck-LFI pseudo-correlation receivers which uses a tunable `` gain modulation factor , r , in the sky-load difference .	Various approaches to calculate r using the radiometer total power data are discussed with some examples relevant to Planck-LFI .
+3	Here we present the detailed calculations leading up to these results and discuss the relation between spontaneous symmetry breaking in superconductors and the Meissner effect , the Anderson-Higgs mechanism and the Josephson effect .	We show that superconductors have a thin spectrum associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking similar to that of antiferromagnets , while still being in full agreement with Elitzur 's theorem , which forbids the spontaneous breaking of local ( gauge ) symmetries .	This thin spectrum in the superconductors consists of in-gap states that are associated with the spontaneous breaking of a global phase symmetry .	In qubits based on mesoscopic superconducting devices , the presence of the thin spectrum implies a maximum coherence time which is proportional to the number of Cooper pairs in the device .	Whereas for the Meissner effect a symmetry breaking of the phase of the superconductor is not required , it is essential for the Josephson effect .
+4	The density matrix of a two particle system is evaluated and it is used to define the `` statistical interparticle potential '' as an attempt to give a `` statistical interpretation '' about the found thermodynamic behaviors .	Some thermodynamic quantities of nonrelativistic ideal boson and fermion gases in the static Taub universe are derived to first order in a small anisotropy parameter d which measuring the deformation from the spherical Einstein universe .	They are used to investigate the problem of how the curvature anisotropy affects the thermodynamic behaviors of an ideal gas .	It is found that , when the universe is in the oblate configuration ( i.e. , d & gt ; 0 ) , the effect of curvature anisotropy is to increase the number of the fraction in the Bose-Einstein condensation and to decrease the fermion distribution function at low temperature .	When the universe is in the prolate configuration ( i.e. , d & lt ; 0 ) , the effects of curvature anisotropy on the thermodynamic quantities is contrary to that in the oblate configuration .
+1	This rare event has been reported in a publication in 1993 .	Large circular ice blocks up to 80 m of diameter have been observed on frozen river around the world .	This fascinating self-fashioned object slowly rotates at about 1 $ ^o $ per second .	In this paper , we report a model experiment consisting in a 85 mm of diameter ice disc at the surface of a thermalised pool .	The rotation speed has been found to increase with the bath temperature .
+3	In this paper we propose a simple quantitative method which establishes indicators by measuring the access/download pattern of OA documents and other web entities of a single web server .	The ongoing paradigm change in the scholarly publication system ( 'science is turning to e-science ' ) makes it necessary to construct alternative evaluation criteria/metrics which appropriately take into account the unique characteristics of electronic publications and other research output in digital formats .	Today , major parts of scholarly Open Access ( OA ) publications and the self-archiving area are not well covered in the traditional citation and indexing databases .	The growing share and importance of freely accessible research output demands new approaches/metrics for measuring and for evaluating of these new types of scientific publications .	The experimental indicators ( search engine , backlink and direct access indicator ) are constructed based on standard local web usage data .
+0	We propose a collective opinion formation model with a so-called confirmation bias .	The confirmation bias is a psychological effect with which , in the context of opinion formation , an individual in favor of an opinion is prone to misperceive new incoming information as supporting the current belief of the individual .	Our model modifies a Bayesian decision-making model for single individuals [ M. Rabin and J. L. Schrag , Q. J. Econ .	114 , 37 ( 1999 ) ] for the case of a well-mixed population of interacting individuals in the absence of the external input .	We numerically simulate the model to show that all the agents eventually agree on one of the two opinions only when the confirmation bias is weak .
+2	The Hamiltonians are doubly intertwined via matrix-valued functions which are divisors of zero in the resulting Moyal-Clifford algebra .	In order to realize supersymmetric quantum mechanics methods on a four dimensional classical phase-space , the complexified Clifford algebra of this space is extended by deforming it with the Moyal star-product in composing the components of Clifford forms .	Two isospectral matrix Hamiltonians having a common bosonic part but different fermionic parts depending on four real-valued phase space functions are obtained .	Two illustrative examples corresponding to Jaynes-Cummings-type models of quantum optics are presented as special cases of the method .	Their spectra , eigen-spinors and Wigner functions as well as their constants of motion are also obtained within the autonomous framework of deformation quantization .
+2	As in that previous work , the motor is constituted by a rotating pawl whose surfaces break the rotation-inversion symmetry through alternated patches of different inelasticity , immersed in a gas of granular particles .	We report the study of a new experimental granular Brownian motor , inspired to the one published in [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	104 , 248001 ( 2010 ) ] , but different in some ingredients .	The main novelty of our experimental setup is in the orientation of the main axis , which is parallel to the ( vertical ) direction of shaking of the granular fluid , guaranteeing an isotropic distribution for the velocities of colliding grains , characterized by a variance $ v_0^2 $ .	We also keep the granular system diluted , in order to compare with Boltzmann-equation-based kinetic theory .
+0	This is a review of the cosmological bounds on $ B-L $ violating interactions , and the loopholes in the argument that gives these constraints .	If one assumes that the baryon asymmetry we observe today was present above the electroweak phase transition in equilibrium with the non-perturbative $ B+L $ violating processes , then interactions that violate all three of $ { B/3 - L_i } $ can not simultaneously be in equilibrium .	Otherwise the baryon asymmetry would be washed out .	Therefore violation of at least one of the $ B/3 - L_i $ must be small .	This argument can be evaded by not having the observed baryon asymmetry present in the thermal bath ( for instance , make it at the electroweak phase transition ) , by using a non-standard cosmological model , or possibly by some mass effects in models where the difference between lepton flavour asymmetries is conserved .
+0	Two-dimensional Hamiltonian systems admitting second invariants which are quartic in the momenta are investigated using the Jacobi geometrization of the dynamics .	This approach allows for a unified treatment of invariants at both arbitrary and fixed energy .	In the differential geometric picture , the quartic invariant corresponds to the existence of a fourth rank Killing tensor .	Expressing the Jacobi metric in terms of a Kahler potential , the integrability condition for the existence of the Killing tensor at fixed energy is a non-linear equation involving the Kahler potential .	At arbitrary energy , further conditions must be imposed which lead to an overdetermined system with isolated solutions .
+4	We next obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for domination of a product measure for `` downward '' FKG measures .	We prove for the contact process on $ Z^d $ , and many other graphs , that the upper invariant measure dominates a homogeneous product measure with large density if the infection rate $ \lambda $ is sufficiently large .	As a consequence , this measure percolates if the corresponding product measure percolates .	We raise the question of whether domination holds in the symmetric case for all infinite graphs of bounded degree .	We study some asymmetric examples which we feel shed some light on this question .
+3	In particular , we show that the integer Chebyshev polynomials for any infinite subset of the real line must have infinitely many distinct factors , which answers a question of Borwein and Erd\ ' { e } lyi .	We study the problem of minimizing the supremum norm , on a segment of the real line or on a compact set in the plane , by polynomials with integer coefficients .	The extremal polynomials are naturally called integer Chebyshev polynomials .	Their factors , zero distribution and asymptotics are the main subjects of this paper .	Furthermore , it is proved that the accumulation set for their zeros must be of positive capacity in this case .
+2	In this paper we present a model-independent method of normalizing theories to the full COBE data .	With the advent of the COBE detection of fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation , the study of inhomogeneous cosmology has entered a new phase .	It is now possible to accurately normalize fluctuations on the largest observable scales , in the linear regime .	This technique allows an extremely wide range of theories to be accurately normalized to COBE in a very simple and fast way .	We give the best fitting normalization and relative peak likelihoods for a range of spectral shapes , and discuss the normalization for several popular theories .
+3	This low success rate is in contrast with our z=1 survey where we detected 66 % \ ( 14/21 ) of the MgII hosts .	[ Abridged ] In order to understand which process ( e.g.galactic winds , cold accretion ) is responsible for the cool ( T~10^4 K ) halo gas around galaxies , we embarked on a program to study the star-formation properties of galaxies selected by their MgII absorption signature in quasar spectra .	Specifically , we searched for the H-alpha line emission from galaxies near very strong z=2 MgII absorbers ( with rest-frame equivalent width EW & gt ; 2 \AA ) because these could be the sign-posts of outflows or inflows .	Surprisingly , we detect H-alpha from only 4 hosts out of 20 sight-lines ( and 2 out of the 19 HI-selected sight-lines ) , despite reaching a star-formation rate ( SFR ) sensitivity limit of 2.9 M/yr ( 5-sigma ) for a Chabrier initial mass function .	Taking into account the difference in sensitivity between the two surveys , we should have been able to detect & gt ; 11.4 of the 20 z=2 hosts whereas we found only 4 galaxies .
+0	Patterned graphene shows substantial potential for applications in future molecular-scale integrated electronics .	Environmental effects are a critical issue in a single layer material where every atom is on the surface .	Especially intriguing is the variety of rich chemical interactions shown by molecular oxygen with aromatic molecules .	We find that O2 etching kinetics vary strongly with the number of graphene layers in the sample .	Three-layer-thick samples show etching similar to bulk natural graphite .
+0	We investigate quantum transport in binary tree structures and in hypercubes for the disordered Frenkel-exciton Hamiltonian under pure dephasing noise .	We compute the energy transport efficiency as a function of disorder and dephasing rates .	We demonstrate that dephasing improves transport efficiency not only in the disordered case , but also in the ordered one .	The maximal transport efficiency is obtained when the dephasing timescale matches the hopping timescale , which represent new examples of the Goldilocks principle at the quantum scale .	Remarkably , we find that in weak dephasing regimes , away from optimal levels of environmental fluctuations , the average effect of increasing disorder is to improve the transport efficiency until an optimal value for disorder is reached .
+4	We argue , using a numerical analysis , that the hallmark features of the previously inferred many-body insulating state can be explained by scattering on boundaries between domains with different stacking order ( AB and BA ) .	Pristine bilayer graphene behaves in some instances as an insulator with a transport gap of a few meV .	This behaviour has been interpreted as the result of an intrinsic electronic instability induced by many-body correlations .	Intriguingly , however , some samples of similar mobility exhibit good metallic properties , with a minimal conductivity of the order of $ 2e^2/h $ .	Here we propose an explanation for this dichotomy , which is unrelated to electron interactions and based instead on the reversible formation of boundaries between stacking domains ( `solitons ' ) .
+1	The graded multiplicity spaces appearing in the decomposition of the fusion product into irreducible sl ( n ) -modules are identified with the multiplicity spaces of the Specht modules in R ( mu ) .	This paper explains the relation between the fusion product of symmetric power sl ( n ) evaluation modules , as defined by Feigin and Loktev , and the graded coordinate ring R ( mu ) , which describes the cohomology ring of the flag variety Fl ( mu ) of GL ( N ) .	This proves that the Kostka polynomial gives the character of the fusion product in this case .	In the case of the product of fundamental evaluation modules , we give the precise correspondence with the reduced wedge product , and thus the usual wedge space construction of irreducible level-1 ^sl ( n ) -modules in the limit N- & gt ; infty .	The multiplicity spaces are W ( sl ( n ) ) -algebra modules in this limit .
+0	We present a study of the optical spectrum of the fascinating B [ e ] star Hen 2-90 based on new high-resolution observations taken with FEROS at the ESO 1.52m telescope in La Silla ( Chile ) .	The recent HST image of Hen 2-90 ( Sahai et al .	2002 ) reveals a bipolar , highly ionized region , a neutral disk-like structure seen almost perfectly edge-on , and an intermediate region of moderate ionization .	The slits of our observations cover the same innermost region of Hen 2-90 as the HST image , which allows us to combine the observations .	Our spectra contain a huge amount of permitted and forbidden emission lines of atoms in different stages of ionization .
+1	We find that there are two completely different Virasoro algebras that can be obtained as the asymptotic symmetry algebras according to appropriate boundary conditions .	We apply Brown-Henneaux 's method to the 5D extremal rotating Kaluza-Klein black holes essentially following the calculation of the Kerr/CFT correspondence , which is not based on supersymmetry nor string theory .	The microscopic entropies are calculated by using the Cardy formula for both boundary conditions and they perfectly agree with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy .	The rotating Kaluza-Klein black holes contain a 4D dyonic Reissner-Nordstrom black hole and Myers-Perry black hole .	Since the D-brane configurations corresponding to these black holes are known , we expect that our analysis will shed some light on deeper understanding of chiral CFT2 's dual to extremal black holes .
+1	Below a critical temperature $ T_c ' $ ( $ \ll $ $ T_c $ ) , we have observed a weakened Josephson coupling between the CuO $ _2 $ superconducting double layer at the crystal surface and the adjacent one located deeper inside a stack .	We fabricated small-size stacks on the surface of Bi $ _2 $ Sr $ _2 $ CaCu $ _2 $ O $ _ { 8+x } $ ( BSCCO-2212 ) single crystals with the bulk transition temperature $ T_c $ $ \simeq $ 90 K , each containing a few intrinsic Josephson junctions .	The quasiparticle branch in the $ IV $ data of the weakened Josephson junction ( WJJ ) fits well to the tunneling characteristics of a d-wave superconductor ( $ ' $ ) /insulator/d-wave superconductor ( D $ ' $ ID ) junction .	Also , the tunneling resistance in the range $ T_c ' $ $ & lt ; $ $ T $ $ & lt ; $ $ T_c $ agrees well with the tunneling in a normal metal/insulator/d-wave superconductor ( NID ) junction .	In spite of the suppressed superconductivity at the surface layer the symmetry of the order parameter appears to remain unaffected .
+4	Indeed , it produces a meaningful dependency model with only a few additional parameters .	An extension of the latent class model is presented for clustering categorical data by relaxing the classical `` class conditional independence assumption '' of variables .	This model consists in grouping the variables into inter-independent and intra-dependent blocks , in order to consider the main intra-class correlations .	The dependency between variables grouped inside the same block of a class is taken into account by mixing two extreme distributions , which are respectively the independence and the maximum dependency .	When the variables are dependent given the class , this approach is expected to reduce the biases of the latent class model .
+2	Thus , standard techniques to construct variational integrators can be applied to finite element discretizations of the problem .	This paper formulates variational integrators for finite element discretizations of deformable bodies with heat conduction in the form of finite speed thermal waves .	The cornerstone of the construction consists in taking advantage of the fact that the Green-Naghdi theory of type II for thermo-elastic solids has a Hamiltonian structure .	The resulting discrete-in-time trajectories are then consistent with the laws of thermodynamics for these systems : for an isolated system , they exactly conserve the total entropy , and nearly exactly conserve the total energy over exponentially long periods of time .	Moreover , linear and angular momenta are also exactly conserved whenever the exact system does .
+3	To address the need , the designed keystream generator employed to work as a symmetric encryption technique to protect voice bitstreams over insecure transmission channel .	In this paper , a high dimensional chaotic systems based mixed keystream generator is proposed to secure the voice data .	As the voice-based communication becomes extensively vital in the application areas of military , voice over IP , voice-conferencing , phone banking , news telecasting etc .	It greatly demands to preserve sensitive voice signals from the unauthorized listening and illegal usage over shared/open networks .	The generator utilizes the features of high dimensional chaos like Lorenz and Chen systems to generate highly unpredictable and random-like sequences .
+1	We study field theoretic prototypes of D branes/strings .	This paper could have been entitled `` D branes and strings from flesh and blood . ''	To this end we consider ( 2+1 ) -dimensional domain walls in ( 3+1 ) -dimensional N=2 SQCD with SU ( 2 ) gauge group and two quark flavors in the fundamental representation .	This theory is perturbed by a small mass term of the adjoint matter which , in the leading order in the mass parameter , does not break N=2 supersymmetry , and reduces to a ( generalized ) Fayet-Iliopoulos term in the effective low-energy N=2 SQED .	We find 1/2 BPS-saturated domain wall solution interpolating between two quark vacua at weak coupling , and show that this domain wall localizes a U ( 1 ) gauge field .
+3	The observed complex spectral response is determined by the exciton collision-induced linewidth broadening ; the broadening of the B exciton linewidth in turn lowers the peak spectral amplitude of the A exciton .	We report ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy examining exciton dynamics in atomically thin MoS2 .	Spectrally- and temporally-resolved measurements are performed to investigate the interaction dynamics of two important direct-gap excitons ( A and B ) and their associated broadening kinetics .	The two excitons show strongly correlated inter-excitonic dynamic , in which the transient blue-shifted excitonic absorption originates from the internal A-B excitonic interaction .	Resonant excitation at the B exciton energy reveals that inter-excitonic scattering plays a more important role in determining the broadening kinetics than free-carrier scattering .
+3	We prove that the blow up via $ f_0 $ is stable under the assumption that $ f_0 $ does not have unstable modes .	We consider co -- rotational wave maps from ( 3+1 ) Minkowski space into the three -- sphere .	This is an energy supercritical model which is known to exhibit finite time blow up via self-similar solutions .	The ground state self -- similar solution $ f_0 $ is known in closed form and based on numerics , it is supposed to describe the generic blow up behavior of the system .	This condition is equivalent to a spectral assumption for a linear second order ordinary differential operator .
+2	A spectral energy distribution model consisting of a 9500 K white dwarf , L5 secondary star , cyclotron emission corresponding to a B~13 MG white dwarf magnetic field , and an optically thin circumbinary dust disk is in reasonable agreement with the extant 2MASS , IRAC , and IRS observations of EF Eri .	We present the first mid-infrared ( 5.5-14.5 micron ) spectrum of a highly magnetic cataclysmic variable , EF Eridani , obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope .	The spectrum displays a relatively flat , featureless continuum .	Cyclotron emission is ruled out as a dominant contributor to the infrared flux density at wavelengths & gt ; 3 microns .	The spectral energy distribution longward of ~5 microns is dominated by dust emission .
+0	Let E be an operator algebra on a Hilbert space with finite-dimensional generated C*-algebra .	A classification is given of the locally finite algebras and the operator algebras obtained as limits of direct sums of matrix algebras over E with respect to star-extendible homomorphisms .	The invariants in the algebraic case consist of an additive semigroup , with scale , which is a right module for the semiring $ V_E = Hom_u ( E \otimes \sK , E \otimes \sK ) $ of unitary equivalence classes of star-extendible homomorphisms .	This semigroup is referred to as the dimension module invariant .	In the operator algebra case the invariants consist of a metrized additive semigroup with scale and a contractive right module $ V_E $ -action .
+3	Magnetism sets in as the quantum dots are placed further apart .	We employ the density functional Kohn-Sham method in the local spin-density approximation to study the electronic structure and magnetism of quasi one-dimensional periodic arrays of few-electron quantum dots .	At small values of the lattice constant , the single dots overlap , forming a non-magnetic quantum wire with nearly homogenous density .	As the confinement perpendicular to the wire is increased , i.e.as the wire is squeezed to become more one-dimensional , it undergoes a spin-Peierls transition .	It is determined by the electronic shell filling of the individual quantum dots .
+0	The density profiles of around 750 nuclei are analyzed using the Skyrme energy density functional theory .	Among them , more than 350 nuclei are found to be deformed .	In addition to rather standard properties of the density , we report a non-trivial behavior of the nuclear diffuseness as the system becomes more and more deformed .	Besides the geometric effects expected in rigid body , the diffuseness acquires a rather complex behavior leading to a reduction of the diffuseness along the main axis of deformation simultaneously with an increase of the diffuseness along the other axis .	The possible isospin dependence of this polarization is studied .
+0	Within warped extra dimension models that explain flavor through geometry , flavor changing neutral current constraints generally force the Kaluza-Klein scale to be above many TeV .	This creates tension with a natural electroweak scale .	On the other hand , a much lower scale compatible with precision electroweak and flavor changing neutral current constraints is allowed if we decouple the Kaluza-Klein states of Standard Model gauge bosons from light fermions $ c_ { \rm light } \simeq c_b\simeq 0.5 $ bulk mass parameters ) .	The main signature for this approach is four top quark production via the Kaluza-Klein excitations ' strong coupling to top quarks .	We study single lepton , like-sign dilepton , and trilepton observables of four-top events at the Large Hadron Collider .
+1	The current QKD implementation with the highest long-distance secret-key rate meets this challenge by transmitting no more than one photon per bit [ Opt.~Express 21 , 24550-24565 ( 2013 ) ] .	The channel loss incurred in long-distance transmission places a significant burden on quantum key distribution ( QKD ) systems : they must defeat a passive eavesdropper who detects all the light lost in the quantum channel and does so without disturbing the light that reaches the intended destination .	As a result , it can not achieve the Gbps secret-key rate needed for one-time pad encryption of large data files unless an impractically large amount of multiplexing is employed .	We introduce floodlight QKD ( FL-QKD ) , which floods the quantum channel with a high number of photons per bit distributed over a much greater number of optical modes .	FL-QKD offers security against the optimum collective Gaussian attack by transmitting less than one photon per mode and using photon-coincidence channel monitoring , and it is completely immune to passive eavesdropping .
+1	We argue that the fuzzy space structure may be relevant at the Planck scale .	We point out that if spatial information is encoded through linear operators $ X_i $ , or `infinite-dimensional matrices ' with an involution $ X_i^*=X_i $ then these $ X_i $ can only describe either continuous , discrete or certain `` fuzzy '' space-time structures .	The possibility of this fuzzy space-time structure is related to subtle features of infinite dimensional matrices which do not have an analogue in finite dimensions .	For example , there is a slightly weaker version of self-adjointness : symmetry , and there is a slightly weaker version of unitarity : isometry .	Related to this , we also speculate that the presence of horizons may lead to merely isometric rather than unitary time evolution .
+0	Mutualistic communities have an internal structure that makes them resilient to external per- turbations .	Late research has focused on their stability and the topology of the relations between the different organisms to explain the reasons of the system robustness .	Much less attention has been invested in analyzing the systems dynamics .	The main population models in use are modifi- cations of the logistic equation with additional terms to account for the benefits produced by the interspecific interactions .	These models have shortcomings as the so called r - K formulation of logistic equation diverges under some conditions .
+4	Industry Pack modules with standard VME carrier cards are used as VME hardware interface with the high control density of eight links per VME card .	The Swiss Light Source ( SLS ) has in the order of 500 magnet power supplies ( PS ) installed , ranging from from 3 A/20 V four-quadrant PS to a 950 A/1000 V two-quadrant 3 Hz PS .	All magnet PS have a local digital controller for a digital regulation loop and a 5 MHz optical point-to-point link to the VME level .	The PS controller is running a pulse width/pulse repetition regulation scheme , optional with multiple slave regulation loops .	Many internal regulation parameters and controller diagnostics are readable by the control system .
+3	By enforcing appropriate constraints , the infinite trajectory produced by the controller is guaranteed to satisfy the desired temporal logic formula .	This paper considers receding horizon control of finite deterministic systems , which must satisfy a high level , rich specification expressed as a linear temporal logic formula .	Under the assumption that time-varying rewards are associated with states of the system and they can be observed in real-time , the control objective is to maximize the collected reward while satisfying the high level task specification .	In order to properly react to the changing rewards , a controller synthesis framework inspired by model predictive control is proposed , where the rewards are locally optimized at each time-step over a finite horizon , and the immediate optimal control is applied .	Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach .
+1	We consider the dependence of the form of the optical beam on the boundary conditions .	We investigate the optical beam behavior in the periodical array of the coupled optical waveguides with the monotonic change of the refractive index in the transverse direction .	It is well known that if the input wave packet is wide enough , the optical Bloch oscillations occur , while for the enough narrow input wave packet the breathing mode is observed .	We show that if the input wave packet is neither too wide nor too narrow , the optical beam takes a peculiar form which can be considered neither as the Bloch oscillations nor as the breathing mode .	We qualitatively explain the transformation of this intermediate form of the optical beam when the width of the input wave packet changes .
+4	Calculations for rescaled fragmentation functions and nuclear absorption are compared with the EMC and HERMES data for N , Cu and Kr targets with respect to the deuteron target .	Predictions for semi-inclusive deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering are presented .	Both the effects of gluon radiation by the struck quark and the absorption of the produced hadron are considered .	The gluon radiation covers a larger window in virtuality $ Q^2 $ because of the increased deconfinement of quarks inside nuclei .	The absorption of hadrons formed inside the nucleus is described with a flavor dependent cross section .
+2	We investigate the possibility of detecting these stars through stellar pulsations , since some of them are expected to rapidly cross the Cepheid/RR Lyrae instability strip in their route from the RGB tip to the ZAHB , thus becoming pulsating stars along the way .	One of the most dramatic events in the life of a low-mass star is the He flash , which takes place at the tip of the red giant branch ( RGB ) and is followed by a series of secondary flashes before the star settles into the zero-age horizontal branch ( ZAHB ) .	Yet , no stars have been positively identified in this key evolutionary phase , mainly for two reasons : first , this pre-ZAHB phase is very short compared to other major evolutionary phases in the life of a star ; and second , these pre-ZAHB stars are expected to overlap the loci occupied by asymptotic giant branch ( AGB ) , HB and RGB stars observed in the color-magnitude diagram ( CMD ) .	As a consequence of their very high evolutionary speed , some of these stars may present anomalously large period change rates .	We constructed an extensive grid of stellar models and produced pre-ZAHB Monte Carlo simulations appropriate for the case of the Galactic globular cluster M3 ( NGC 5272 ) , where a number of RR Lyrae stars with high period change rates are found .
+2	We reveal that the variation of the nonlocality and nonlinearity along the propagation direction can substantially enhance or weaken the interaction between out-of-phase solitons .	We address the interactions between optical solitons in the system with longitudinally varying nonlocality degree and nonlinearity strength .	We consider a physical model describing light propagation in nematic liquid crystals featuring a strongly nonlocal nonlinear response .	This phenomenon manifests itself as a slowdown or acceleration of the soliton collision dynamics in one-dimensional geometries or of the soliton spiraling rate in bulk media .	Therefore , one finds that by engineering the nonlocality and nonlinearity variation rate one can control the output soliton location .
+2	We recast LHC searches for heavy stable charged particles , disappearing tracks , and opposite-flavor leptons with large impact parameters to assess current constraints on a variety of spectra that contain an NLSP stau , and find that portions of the parameter space motivated by naturalness are still experimentally unexplored .	As the majority of LHC searches are focused on prompt signatures , specific long-lived particles have the potential to be overlooked by the otherwise systematic new physics programs at ATLAS and CMS .	While in many cases long-lived superparticles are now stringently constrained by existing exotic searches , we point out that the highly motivated model of gauge mediation with staus as the next-to-lightest superparticle ( NLSP ) has received less attention .	We additionally note a gap in the current experimental search program : same-flavor leptons with large impact parameters evade the suite of existing searches for long-lived objects .	This gap is especially noteworthy as vetoes on displaced leptons in prompt new physics searches could be systematically discarding such events .
+4	We analyze the dependence of this minima on radiation frequency and power and its possible shift with the quality of the sample	We provide the ultimate explanation of one of the core features of microwave-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in high mobility two dimensional electron systems : the 1/4-cycle phase shift of minima .	We start with the radiation-driven electron orbits model with the novel concept of scattering flight-time between Landau states .	We calculate the extrema and nodes positions obtaining an exact coincidence with the experimental ones .	The main finding is that the physical origin of the phase shift is a delay of $ \frac { \pi } { 2 } $ of the radiation-driven Landau guiding center with respect to radiation , demonstrating the oscillating nature of the irradiated Landau states .
+3	The use of waveguide crystal leads to an increase of the harmonic power up to 33mW with input IR power limited to 200mW .	Following various works on second harmonic process using periodically poled Lithium Niobate crystals ( PPLN ) , we report on the performances comparison between commercial bulk and waveguide crystals at 1029 nm .	We use a continuous wave ( CW ) amplified Yb doped single fibre laser delivering up to 500mW in single mode regime .	In case of bulk crystal we generate 4 mW using 400 mW IR power .	Nevertheless , this impressive efficiency was affected by the long term degradation of the non-linear waveguide crystal .
+3	We also classify those systems on the 3-torus which do not have an attracting or repelling periodic 2-torus .	We show the existence of a family of manifolds on which all ( pointwise or absolutely ) partially hyperbolic systems are dynamically coherent .	This family is the set of 3-manifolds with nilpotent , non-abelian fundamental group .	We further classify the partially hyperbolic systems on these manifolds up to leaf conjugacy .	These classification results allow us to prove some dynamical consequences , including existence and uniqueness results for measures of maximal entropy and quasi-attractors .
+4	We show that for cases in which the bulk viscous pressure is significantly larger than the shear viscosity , this cosmological model isotropizes asymptotically to the present-day universe .	We are interested in formulating a viscous model of the universe based on The Bianchi Type IV algebra .	We first begin by considering a congruence of fluid lines in spacetime , upon which , analyzing their propagation behaviour , we derive the famous Raychaudhuri equation , but , in the context of viscous fluids .	We will then go through in great detail the topological and algebraic structure of a Bianchi Type IV algebra , by which we will derive the corresponding structure and constraint equations .	From this , we will look at The Einstein field equations in the context of orthonormal frames , and derive the resulting dynamical equations : The \emph { Raychaudhuri Equation } , \emph { generalized Friedmann equation } , \emph { shear propagation equations } , and a set of non-trivial constraint equations .
+4	After verifying that it describes thermal relaxation correctly , we apply it for the first time to the energy transport in a spin chain .	Quantum stochastic methods based on effective wave functions form a framework for investigating the generally non-Markovian dynamics of a quantum-mechanical system coupled to a bath .	They promise to be computationally superior to the master-equation approach , which is numerically expensive for large dimensions of the Hilbert space .	Here , we numerically investigate the suitability of a known stochastic Schr\ '' odinger equation that is local in time to give a description of thermal relaxation and energy transport .	This stochastic Schr\ '' odinger equation can be solved with a moderate numerical cost , indeed comparable to that of a Markovian system , and reproduces the dynamics of a system evolving according to a general non-Markovian master equation .
+1	Observations of these shocks can provide valuable information on the merger dynamics and physical conditions in the cluster plasma , and even help constrain the nature of dark matter .	When galaxy clusters collide , they generate shock fronts in the hot intracluster medium .	To study shock fronts , one needs an X-ray telescope with high angular resolution ( such as Chandra ) , and be lucky to see the merger from the right angle and at the right moment .	As of this writing , only a handful of merger shock fronts have been discovered and confirmed using both X-ray imaging and gas temperature data -- those in 1E0657-56 , A520 , A754 , and two fronts in A2146 .	A few more are probable shocks awaiting temperature profile confirmation -- those in A521 , RXJ1314-25 , A3667 , A2744 , and Coma .
+0	We report on the progress we made in studying the infrared behavior of the ghost and gluon dressing functions in Landau gauge .	Related to this we also investigate a running coupling given in terms of those functions and compare our results to those coming from the Dyson-Schwinger approach .	We present first numerical results for the SU ( 3 ) ghost-ghost-gluon vertex renormalization constant .	In addition the spectrum of low-lying eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Faddeev-Popov operator is determined .	The saturation of the ghost propagator in terms of those eigenvalues and eigenmodes is discussed at lower momenta .
+0	The von Neumann lattice representation is a convenient representation for studying several intriguing physics of quantum Hall systems .	In this formalism , electrons are mapped to lattice fermions .	A topological invariant expression of the Hall conductance is derived and is used for the proof of the integer quantum Hall effect in the realistic situation .	Anisotropic quantum Hall gas is investigated based on the Hartree-Fock approximation in the same formalism .	Thermodynamic properties , transport properties , and unusual response under external modulations are found .
+0	While neural networks have been successfully applied to many NLP tasks the resulting vector-based models are very difficult to interpret .	For example it 's not clear how they achieve { \em compositionality } , building sentence meaning from the meanings of words and phrases .	In this paper we describe four strategies for visualizing compositionality in neural models for NLP , inspired by similar work in computer vision .	We first plot unit values to visualize compositionality of negation , intensification , and concessive clauses , allow us to see well-known markedness asymmetries in negation .	We then introduce three simple and straightforward methods for visualizing a unit 's { \em salience } , the amount it contributes to the final composed meaning : ( 1 ) gradient back-propagation , ( 2 ) the variance of a token from the average word node , ( 3 ) LSTM-style gates that measure information flow .
+1	In this paper , we give sufficient and necessary conditions for an algebraic Stein variety to be affine .	It is well-known that the associated analytic space of an affine variety defined over $ \mathbb { C } $ is Stein but the converse is not true , that is , an algebraic Stein variety is not necessarily affine .	One of our results is that an irreducible quasi-projective variety $ Y $ defined over $ \mathbb { C } $ with dimension $ d $ ( $ d\geq 1 $ ) is affine if and only if $ Y $ is Stein , $ H^i ( Y , { \mathcal { O } } _Y ) =0 $ for all $ i & gt ; 0 $ and $ \kappa ( D , X ) = d $ ( i.e. , $ D $ is a big divisor ) , where $ X $ is a projective variety containing $ Y $ and $ D $ is an effective divisor with support $ X-Y $ .	If $ Y $ is algebraic Stein but not affine , we also discuss the possible transcendental degree of the nonconstant regular functions on $ Y $ .	We prove that $ Y $ can not have $ d-1 $ algebraically independent nonconstant regular functions .
+0	We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and subsequent orbital evolution of giant planets embedded in a circumbinary disc .	We assume that a 20 earth masses core has migrated to the edge of the inner cavity formed by the binary where it remains trapped by corotation torques .	This core is then allowed to accrete gas from the disc , and we study its orbital evolution as it grows in mass .	For each of the two accretion time scales we considered , we performed three simulations .	In two of the three simulations , we stop the accretion onto the planet once its mass becomes characteristic of that of Saturn or Jupiter .
+2	This problem was previously considered in the single antenna case by Bayer et al.in 2006 .	This paper considers space-time coding over several independently Rayleigh faded blocks .	In particular we will concentrate on giving upper bounds for the coding gain of lattice space-time codes as the number of blocks grow .	Crucial to their work was Odlyzko 's bound on the discriminant of an algebraic number field , as this provides an upper bound for the normalized coding gain of number field codes .	In the MIMO context natural codes are constructed from division algebras defined over number fields and the coding gain is measured by the discriminant of the corresponding ( non-commutative ) algebra .
+1	Line brightnesses , line ratios and electron temperatures are examined , and their relationship with the arm-length asymmetry of the radio source is also investigated .	We present an investigation into the spatial variation of the rest-frame UV and optical line and continuum emission along the radio axis of the z=2.6 radio galaxy 0828+193 , using long-slit spectra from the Keck II and Subaru telescopes .	We find that on the side of the nucleus with the shortest radio lobe , the gas covering factor is higher , and the ionization parameter is lower .	The contrasts in environmental density required to explain the asymmetries in the line brightness and the radio arm-length asymmetries are in fair agreement with each other .	These results add further weight to the conclusion of McCarthy , van Breugel & amp ; Kapahi ( 1991 ) - lobe distance asymmetries in powerful radio sources are the result of an asymmetry in the environmental density .
+1	It is equivalent to a non-translationinvariant one dimensional model and contains the dimensionality $ D $ as a parameter that need not be an integer .	We study a classical spin model ( more precisely a class of models ) with O ( N ) symmetry that can be viewed as a simplified $ D $ dimensional lattice model .	The critical dimension turns out to be 2 , just as in the usual translation invariant models .	We study the phase structure , critical phenomena and spontaneous symmetry breaking .	Furthermore we compute the perturbation expansion to low order with various boundary conditions .
+2	It is not widely appreciated that TLS in small qubits can easily be strongly saturated if $ I\gg I_c $ , where $ I_c $ is the critical electric field intensity .	We study the charge noise $ S_Q $ in Josephson qubits produced by fluctuating two level systems ( TLS ) with electric dipole moments in the substrate .	The TLS are driven by an alternating electric field of angular frequency $ \Omega $ and electric field intensity $ I $ .	To investigate the effect of saturation on the charge noise , we express the noise spectral density in terms of density matrix elements .	To determine the dependence of the density matrix elements on the ratio $ I/I_c $ , we find the steady state solution for the density matrix using the Bloch-Redfield differential equations .
+0	This paper describes an information system designed to support the large volume of monitoring information generated by a distributed testbed .	This monitoring information is produced by several subsystems and consists of status and performance data that needs to be federated , distributed , and stored in a timely and easy to use manner .	Our approach differs from existing approaches because it federates and distributes information at a low architectural level via messaging ; a natural match to many of the producers and consumers of information .	In addition , a database is easily layered atop the messaging layer for consumers that want to query and search the information .	Finally , a common language to represent information in all layers of the information system makes it significantly easier for users to consume information .
+1	( 2006 ) located within the SCUBA Legacy Catalogue .	We present an investigation of candidate Infrared Dark Cloud cores as identified by Simon et al .	After applying a uniform noise cut to the Catalogue data we identify 154 Infrared Dark Cloud cores that were detected at 850um and 51 cores that were not .	We derive column densities for each core from their 8um extinction and find that the IRDCs detected at 850um have higher column densities ( a mean of 1.7x10^22 cm-2 ) compared to those cores not detected at 850um ( a mean of 1.0x10^22 cm-2 ) .	Combined with sensitivity estimates , we suggest that the cores not detected at 850um are low mass , low column density and low temperature cores that are below the sensitivity limit of SCUBA at 850um .
+4	He also proved that 0-Ext [ G ] is NP-hard if G is not modular or not orientable ( in a certain sense ) .	For a graph G and a set V containing the vertex set of G , a 0-extension of G is a metric d on V such that d extends the shortest path metric of G and for all x in V there exists a vertex s in G with d ( x , s ) = 0 .	The minimum 0-extension problem 0-Ext [ G ] on G is : given a set V containing V ( G ) and a nonnegative cost function c defined on the set of all pairs of V , find a 0-extension d of G with \sum c ( xy ) d ( x , y ) minimum .	The 0-extension problem generalizes a number of basic combinatorial optimization problems , such as minimum ( s , t ) -cut problem and multiway cut problem .	Karzanov proved the polynomial solvability of 0-Ext [ G ] for a certain large class of modular graphs G , and raised the question : What are the graphs G for which 0-Ext [ G ] can be solved in polynomial time ?
+3	We discus the bound-free absorption by neutral elements in the line of sight , resonance absorption lines plus self-absorbed emission line components , collisionally excited emission lines from the shock , He-like intersystem lines , and spectral changes during an episode of high-amplitude variability .	The phase of Super-Soft-Source ( SSS ) emission of the sixth recorded outburst of the recurrent nova RS Oph was observed twice with Chandra and once with XMM-Newton .	The observations were taken on days 39.7 , 54.0 , and 66.9 after outburst .	We confirm a 35-sec period on day 54.0 and found that it originates from the SSS emission and not from the shock .	We find a decrease of the oxygen K-shell absorption edge that can be explained by photoionization of oxygen .
+1	These observations probe the universe on very different scales since they involve light beams of very different angular sizes ; hence the tension between them may indicate that they should not be interpreted the same way .	The recent analysis of the Planck results reveals a tension between the best fits for ( { \Omega } m0 , H0 ) derived from the cosmic microwave background or baryonic acoustic oscillations on the one hand , and the Hubble diagram on the other hand .	More precisely , this Letter questions the accuracy of using only the ( perturbed ) Friedmann-Lema\^itre geometry to interpret all the cosmological observations , regardless of their angular or spatial resolution .	We show that using an inhomogeneous `` Swiss-cheese '' model to interpret the Hubble diagram allows to reconcile it with the Planck results .	Such an approach does not require us to invoke new physics nor to violate the Copernican principle .
+2	We have performed systematic measurements with Ar , Kr and Xe gas at pressures in the range of 1-50 atm as well as some preliminary measurements with liquid Xe and liquid Ar .	The detection of primary scintillation light in combination with the charge or secondary scintillation signals is an efficient technique to determine the events t=0 as well as particle / photon separation in large mass TPC detectors filled with noble gases and/or condensed noble gases .	The aim of this work is to demonstrate that costly photo-multipliers could be replaced by cheap novel photosensitive gaseous detectors : wire counters , GEMs or glass capillary tubes coupled with CsI photocathodes .	With the gaseous detectors we succeeded in detecting scintillation light produced by 22 keV X-rays with an efficiency of close to 100 % .	We also detected the scintillation light produced by bs ( 5 keV deposit energy ) with an efficiency close to 25 % .
+0	[ Context ] Recent detections of disks around young high-mass stars support the idea of massive star formation through accretion rather than coalescence , but the detailed kinematics in the equatorial region of the disk candidates is not well known , which limits our understanding of the accretion process .	[ Aims ] This paper explores the kinematics of the gas around a young massive star with millimeter-wave interferometry to improve our understanding of the formation of massive stars though accretion .	[ Methods ] We use Plateau de Bure interferometric images to probe the environment of the nearby ( ~1 kpc ) and luminous ( ~20000 Lsun ) high-mass ( 10-16 Msun ) young star AFGL 2591-VLA3 in continuum and in lines of HDO , H218O and SO2 in the 115 and 230 GHz bands .	Radiative transfer calculations are employed to investigate the kinematics of the source .	[ Results ] At ~0.5 '' ( 500 AU ) resolution , the line images clearly resolve the velocity field of the central compact source ( diameter of ~ 800 AU ) and show linear velocity gradients in the northeast-southwest direction .
+3	It shows remarkable criticalities arising from its nature as a topological transition .	We study electron correlation effects on quantum criticalities of Lifshitz transitions at zero temperature , using the mean-field theory based on a preexisting symmetry-broken order , in two-dimensional systems .	In the presence of interactions , Lifshitz transitions may become discontinuous in contrast to the continuous transition in the original proposal by Lifshitz for noninteracting systems .	We focus on the quantum criticality at the endpoint of discontinuous Lifshitz transitions , which we call the marginal quantum critical point .	At the point , for the canonical ensemble , the susceptibility of the order parameter chi is found to diverge as ln 1/|delta Delta| when the `` neck '' of the Fermi surface collapses at the van Hove singularity .
+2	The disorder operators of the extended Gaussian model are found to correspond to some non-local operators in the { \it XXZ } Heisenberg antiferromagnet .	Using the finite-size effects the scaling dimensions and correlation functions of the main operators in continuous and lattice models of 1d spinless Bose-gas with pairwise interaction of rather general form are obtained .	The long-wave properties of these systems can be described by the Gaussian model with central charge $ c=1 $ .	Just the same approach is applicable to fermionic systems .	Scaling dimensions of operators and correlation functions in the systems of interacting Fermi-particles are obtained .
+1	We find a criterion when the velocity centroids may provide trustworthy velocity statistics .	We address the problem of studying interstellar turbulence using spectral line data .	To enhance the scope of centroids applications , we construct a measure that we term `` modified velocity centroids '' ( MVCs ) and derive an analytical solution that relates the 2D spectra of the modified centroids with the underlying 3D velocity spectrum .	We test our results using synthetic maps constructed with data obtained through simulations of compressible magnetohydrodynamical ( MHD ) turbulence .	We show that the modified velocity centroids ( MVCs ) are complementary to the the Velocity Channel Analysis ( VCA ) technique .
+0	In this paper , we investigate the analytical solutions of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with dependent-density viscosity .	By using the characteristic method , we successfully obtain a class of drifting solutions with elliptic symmetry for the Navier-Stokes model wherein the velocity components are governed by a generalized Emden dynamical system .	In particular , when the viscosity variables are taken the same as Yuen in [ Yuen M.W .	( 2008 ) , Analytical Solutions to the Navier-Stokes Equations , J.Math.Phys .	49 , 113102 ] , our solutions constitute a generalization of that obtained by Yuen .
+3	Simultaneously , the initial pair correlations are broken and coherence over different sites is lost .	We simulate a balanced attractively interacting two-component Fermi gas in a one-dimensional lattice perturbed with a moving potential well or barrier .	Using the time-evolving block decimation method , we study different velocities of the perturbation and distinguish two velocity regimes based on clear differences in the time evolution of particle densities and the pair correlation function .	We show that , in the slow regime , the densities deform as particles are either attracted by the potential well or repelled by the barrier , and a wave front of hole or particle excitations propagates at the maximum group velocity .	In contrast , in the fast regime , the densities are not considerably deformed and the pair correlations are preserved .
+3	Our analysis contains perturbations that experience a transient growth of kinetic energy from $ O ( \textbf { Re } ^ { -1 } ) $ to $ O ( c_0 ) $ due to the algebraic linear instability known as the lift-up effect .	We study small disturbances to the periodic , plane Couette flow in the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations at high Reynolds number $ \textbf { Re } $ .	We prove that for sufficiently regular initial data of size $ \epsilon \leq c_0\textbf { Re } ^ { -1 } $ for some universal $ c_0 & gt ; 0 $ , the solution is global , remains within $ O ( c_0 ) $ of the Couette flow in $ L^2 $ , and returns to the Couette flow as $ t \rightarrow \infty $ .	For times $ t \gtrsim \textbf { Re } ^ { 1/3 } $ , the streamwise dependence is damped by a mixing-enhanced dissipation effect and the solution is rapidly attracted to the class of `` 2.5 dimensional '' streamwise-independent solutions referred to as streaks .	Furthermore , solutions can exhibit a direct cascade of energy to small scales .
+1	Necessary conditions are given for the causal structure in coordination problems consisting of orchestrating a set of actions in a manner that satisfies a variety of temporal ordering assumptions .	This paper studies the interaction between knowledge , time and coordination in systems in which timing information is available .	Results are obtained in two main steps : A specification of coordination is shown to require epistemic properties , and the causal structure required to obtain these properties is characterised via `` knowledge gain '' theorems .	A new causal structure called a centibroom structure is presented , generalising previous causal structures for this model .	It is shown to capture coordination tasks in which a sequence of clusters of events is performed in linear order , while within each cluster all actions must take place simultaneously .
+0	I address the question of how much of QCD in the chiral limit is reproduced by instantons .	After reconstructing the instanton content of smoothed Monte Carlo lattice configurations , I compare hadron spectroscopy on this instanton ensemble to the spectroscopy on the original `` physical '' smoothed configurations using a chirally optimised clover fermion action .	By studying the zero mode zone in simple instances I find that the optimised action gives a satisfactory description of it .	Through the Banks-Casher formula , instantons by themselves are shown to break chiral symmetry but hadron correlators on the instanton backgrounds are strongly influenced by free quark propagation .	This results in unnaturally light hadrons and a small splitting between the vector and the pseudoscalar meson channels .
+1	However , with the increase in complexity , better methods are needed .	There are few knowledge representation ( KR ) techniques available for efficiently representing knowledge .	Some researchers came up with hybrid mechanisms by combining two or more methods .	In an effort to construct an intelligent computer system , a primary consideration is to represent large amounts of knowledge in a way that allows effective use and efficiently organizing information to facilitate making the recommended inferences .	There are merits and demerits of combinations , and standardized method of KR is needed .
+2	A positive reliable classifier is one that makes no false positive errors .	We study several questions in the reliable agnostic learning framework of Kalai et al .	( 2009 ) , which captures learning tasks in which one type of error is costlier than others .	The goal in the positive reliable agnostic framework is to output a hypothesis with the following properties : ( i ) its false positive error rate is at most $ \epsilon $ , ( ii ) its false negative error rate is at most $ \epsilon $ more than that of the best positive reliable classifier from the class .	A closely related notion is fully reliable agnostic learning , which considers partial classifiers that are allowed to predict `` unknown '' on some inputs .
+2	The exposition is oriented to the linear control problems with the impulse constraints and the possible discontinuity in the coefficients under control actions .	This lecture notes are intended for the students taking courses in mathematical control theory .	They are concerned with the attainability problem with constraints .	In addition , the weakening of constraints is assumed .	The ordinary attainable set is replaced with the attraction set .
+1	We measure the rotation angle due to such a possible `` cosmological birefringence '' to be 0.55 deg.+/- 0.82 deg .	We constrain parity-violating interactions to the surface of last scattering using spectra from the QUaD experiment 's second and third seasons of observations by searching for a possible systematic rotation of the polarization directions of CMB photons .	( random ) +/- 0.5 deg .	( systematic ) using QUaD 's 100 and 150 GHz TB and EB spectra over the multipole range 200 & lt ; l & lt ; 2000 , consistent with null , and constrain Lorentz violating interactions to & lt ; 2^-43 GeV ( 68 % confidence limit ) .	This is the best constraint to date on electrodynamic parity violation on cosmological scales .
+4	Compared to earlier models that assume constant dust temperatures , our models indicate higher central densities and smaller regions of relatively constant density .	We have modeled the emission from dust in pre-protostellar cores , including a self-consistent calculation of the temperature distribution for each input density distribution .	Model density distributions include Bonnor-Ebert spheres and power laws .	The Bonnor-Ebert spheres fit the data well for all three cores we have modeled .	The dust temperatures decline to very low values ( $ \Td \sim 7 $ K ) in the centers of these cores , strongly affecting the dust emission .
+4	In contrast to these examples , we describe the dual of a gauge theory where there are significant contributions from scales where the strongly coupled messenger quarks are the effective degrees of freedom .	We consider a relative of semi-direct gauge mediation where the hidden sector exists at large 't Hooft coupling .	Such scenarios can be difficult to describe using perturbative field theory methods but may fall into the class of holographic gauge mediation scenarios , meaning that they are amenable to the techniques of gauge/gravity duality .	We use a recently found gravity solution to examine one such case where the hidden sector is a cascading gauge theory resulting in a confinement scale not much smaller than the messenger mass .	In the original construction of holographic gauge mediation , as in other examples of semi-direct gauge mediation at strong coupling , the primary contributions to visible sector soft terms come from weakly coupled messenger mesons .
+1	Two independent methods of the quantification of the influence imposed by a cold radiofrequency air plasma treatment on the surface properties of silicone oils ( polydimethylsiloxane ) of various molecular masses and castor oil are introduced .	Plasma treatment increases the surface energy of condensed phases : solids and liquids .	Under the first method the water droplet coated by oils was exposed to the cold air radiofrequency plasma , resulting in an increase of oil/air surface energy .	An expression relating the oil/air surface energy to the apparent contact angle of the water droplet coated with oil was derived .	The apparent contact angle was established experimentally .
+0	The calibration of a PointQ arterial microsimulation model is formulated as a quadratic programming problem ( QP ) whose decision variables are link flows , demands at entry links , and turn movements at intersections , subject to linear constraints imposed by flow conservation identities and field measurements of a subset of link flows ( counts ) , demands and turn ratios .	The quadratic objective function is the deviation of the decision variables from their measured values .	The solution to the QP gives estimates of all unmeasured variables and thus yields a fully specified simulation model .	Runs of this simulation model can then be compared with other field measurements , such as travel times along routes , to judge the reliability of the calibrated model .	A section of the Huntington-Colorado arterial near I-210 in Los Angeles comprising 73 links and 16 intersections is used to illustrate the procedure .
+3	Using an activation method with reactor neutrons , we obtain the ratio of $ R_ { th } $ = 0.54 $ \pm $ 0.11 % .	We study a new s-process path through an isomer of $ ^ { 186 } $ Re to improve a $ ^ { 187 } $ Re- $ ^ { 187 } $ Os nucleo-cosmochronometer .	The nucleus $ ^ { 187 } $ Re is produced by this new path of $ ^ { 185 } $ Re ( n , $ \gamma $ ) $ ^ { 186 } $ Re $ ^m $ ( n , $ \gamma $ ) $ ^ { 187 } $ Re .	We measure a ratio of neutron capture cross-sections for the $ ^ { 185 } $ Re ( n , $ \gamma $ ) $ ^ { 186 } $ Re $ ^m $ and $ ^ { 185 } $ Re ( n , $ \gamma $ ) $ ^ { 186 } $ Re $ ^ { gs } $ reactions at thermal neutron energy because the ratio with the experimental uncertainty has not been reported .	From this ratio we estimate the ratio of Maxwellian averaged cross sections in a typical s-process environment at $ kT $ = 30 keV with a help of the temperature dependence given in a statistical-model calculation because the energy dependence of the isomer/ground ratio is smaller than the absolute neutron capture cross-section .
+4	The proposed methods are tested with two benchmark seven channel satellite images and the results are found to be quite satisfactory .	Land cover classification using multispectral satellite image is a very challenging task with numerous practical applications .	We propose a multi-stage classifier that involves fuzzy rule extraction from the training data and then generation of a possibilistic label vector for each pixel using the fuzzy rule base .	To exploit the spatial correlation of land cover types we propose four different information aggregation methods which use the possibilistic class label of a pixel and those of its eight spatial neighbors for making the final classification decision .	Three of the aggregation methods use Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence while the remaining one is modeled after the fuzzy k-NN rule .
+1	We numerically construct black droplets corresponding to a CFT on a Schwarzchild background with finite asymptotic temperature .	Black droplets and black funnels are gravitational duals to states of a large N , strongly coupled CFT on a fixed black hole background .	We find two branches of such droplet solutions which meet at a turning point .	Our results suggest that the equilibrium black droplet solution does not exist , which would imply that the Hartle-Hawking state in this system is dual to the black funnel constructed in \cite { Santos:2012he } .	We also compute the holographic stress energy tensor and match its asymptotic behaviour to perturbation theory .
+1	A delta-shaped scattering potential is assumed as the major source of disorder .	We investigate the conductivity of charge carriers confined to a two-dimensional system with the non-parabolic dispersion $ k^N $ with $ N $ being an arbitrary natural number .	We employ the exact solution of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation to derive an analytical Boltzmann conductivity formula valid for an arbitrary scattering potential strength .	The range of applicability of our analytical results is assessed by a numerical study based on the finite size Kubo formula .	We find that for any $ N & gt ; 1 $ , the conductivity demonstrates a linear dependence on the carrier concentration in the limit of a strong scattering potential strength .
+0	Classical multiscale analysis based on wavelets has a number of successful applications , e.g.in data compression , fast algorithms , and noise removal .	Wavelets , however , are adapted to point singularities , and many phenomena in several variables exhibit intermediate-dimensional singularities , such as edges , filaments , and sheets .	This suggests that in higher dimensions , wavelets ought to be replaced in certain applications by multiscale analysis adapted to intermediate-dimensional singularities .	My lecture described various initial attempts in this direction .	In particular , I discussed two approaches to geometric multiscale analysis originally arising in the work of Harmonic Analysts Hart Smith and Peter Jones ( and others ) : ( a ) a directional wavelet transform based on parabolic dilations ; and ( b ) analysis via anistropic strips .
+1	The exact discrete Lagrangian can either be characterized variationally , or in terms of Jacobi 's solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation .	The numerical analysis of variational integrators relies on variational error analysis , which relates the order of accuracy of a variational integrator with the order of approximation of the exact discrete Lagrangian by a computable discrete Lagrangian .	These two characterizations lead to the Galerkin and shooting-based constructions for discrete Lagrangians , which depend on a choice of a numerical quadrature formula , together with either a finite-dimensional function space or a one-step method .	We prove that the properties of the quadrature formula , finite-dimensional function space , and underlying one-step method determine the order of accuracy and momentum-conservation properties of the associated variational integrators .	We also illustrate these systematic methods for constructing variational integrators with numerical examples .
+3	First we introduce photon PDFs in general and then discuss in more detail one particular set we have used in our studies .	In addition to being interesting in itself , the photon-photon interactions will be an inevitable background for the future electron-positron colliders .	Thus to be able to quantify the potential of future electron-positron colliders it is important to have an accurate description of these collisions .	Here we present our ongoing work to implement the photon-photon collisions in the Pythia 8 event generator .	Then we will discuss how the parton-shower algorithm in Pythia 8 is modified in case of photon beams and how the beam remnants are constructed .
+4	Using analytic arguments , these measurements imply an `` equation of state '' for the IGM at & lt ; z & gt ; = 2.4 of the form T = T_0 ( rho/rhobar ) ^ ( gamma-1 ) with a temperature at mean density of T_0 = ( 1.94 +- 0.05 ) x 10^4 K and a power-law index ( gamma -1 ) = 0.46 +- 0.05 .	We present new measurements of the temperature-density ( T-rho ) relation for neutral hydrogen in the 2.0 & lt ; z & lt ; 2.8 intergalactic medium ( IGM ) using a sample of ~6000 individual HI absorbers fitted with Voigt profiles constrained in all cases by multiple Lyman series transitions .	We find model independent evidence for a positive correlation between the column density of HI ( NHI ) and the minimum observed velocity width of absorbers ( bmin ) .	With minimal interpretation , this implies that the temperature-density relation in the IGM is not `` inverted '' , contrary to many recent studies .	Fitting bmin as a function of NHI results in line width - column density dependence of the form bdmin = b_0 [ NHI/N_ ( HI,0 ) ] ^ ( Gamma-1 ) with a minimum line width at mean density rhobar [ N_ ( HI , 0 ) = 10^13.6 cm^-2 ] of b_0 = 17.9 +- 0.2 km/s and a power-law index of ( Gamma-1 ) = 0.15 +- 0.02 .
+1	The source luminosity varied by a factor of up to 14 , reaching a maximum 0.3-10 keV luminosity of ~3.0E40 erg/s .	The ultraluminous X-ray source ( ULX ) Holmberg II X-1 has been observed over 4 months in 2009/2010 by the Swift observatory .	The spectral properties do not vary much over these 4 months , with only a slight monotonic increase of the hardness ratio with the count rate .	This means that the erratic flaring activity of the source is not associated with spectral changes , as seen in other ULXs .	Conversely , comparison with data obtained by Swift in 2006 shows a completely different picture : while at a luminosity also seen in the 2009/2010 data , the source appears with a hard spectrum .
+4	In two dimensions such interference term allows to fuse two chiral fermionic determinants into a nonchiral one .	In two dimensions the simple addition of two chiral bosons of opposite chiralities does not lead to a full massless scalar field .	Similarly , in three dimensions the addition of two Maxwell-Chern-Simons fields of opposite helicities $ \pm 1 $ will not produce a parity invariant Maxwell-Proca theory .	An interference term between the opposite chiralities ( helicities ) states is required in order to obtain the expected result .	The so called soldering procedure provides the missing interference Lagrangian in both 2D and 3D cases .
+1	Velocity variations in the flow create secondary bow shocks that may intersect and lead to enhanced emission .	Hubble Space Telescope observations show bright knots of H $ \alpha $ emission within outflowing young stellar jets .	When the bow shocks intersect at or above a certain critical angle , a planar shock called a Mach stem is formed .	These shocks could produce brighter H $ \alpha $ emission since the incoming flow to the Mach stem is parallel to the shock normal .	In this paper we report first results of a study using 2-D numerical simulations designed to explore Mach stem formation at the intersection of bow shocks formed by hypersonic `` bullets '' or `` clumps '' .
+2	New bounds for the gradient and Hessian of geodesic-length are described .	New results on the convexity of geodesic-length functions on Teichm\ '' { u } ller space are presented .	A formula for the Hessian of geodesic-length is presented .	A relationship of geodesic-length functions to Weil-Petersson distance is described .	Applications to the behavior of Weil-Petersson geodesics are discussed .
+0	( Abridged ) We determine the quantitative morphology and star formation properties of galaxies in six nearby X-ray detected , poor groups using multi-object spectroscopy and wide-field R imaging .	We measure structural parameters for each galaxy by fitting a PSF-convolved , two component model to their surface brightness profiles .	To compare directly the samples , we fade , smooth , and rebin each galaxy image so that we effectively observe each galaxy at the same redshift ( 9000 km/s ) and physical resolution ( 0.87h^ ( -1 ) kpc ) .	We compare results for the groups to a sample of field galaxies .	We find that : 1 ) Galaxies spanning a wide range in morphological type and luminosity are well-fit by a de Vaucouleurs bulge with exponential disk profile .
+0	In the atmospheric neutrino experiments the primary problems are the huge uncertainties of flux , very rapid fall of flux with increase of energy , the energy dependent wide resolutions of energy and zenith angle between true neutrinos and reconstructed neutrinos .	These all in together make the choice of binning of the data for chi-square analysis complicated .	The large iron calorimeter has the ability to measure the energy and the direction of the muon with high resolution .	From the bending of the track in the magnetic field it can also distinguish its charge .	We have analyzed the atmospheric neutrino oscillation generating events by Nuance and then considering the muons produced in the charge current interactions as the reconstructed neutrinos .
+2	The localized matter fluctuations induce a gauge kinetic term on the brane .	We propose a mechanism ensuring ( quasi ) localization of massless gauge fields on a brane .	The mechanism does not rely on BPS properties of the brane and can be realized in any theory where charged particles are confined to the world-volume .	At short distances the resulting propagator for the gauge field is { \it identical } to the four-dimensional propagator .	The gauge theory on the brane is effectively four-dimensional at short distances ; it becomes higher-dimensional on very large ( cosmic ) scales .
+4	The telescope electronics inside the beam pipe initially were not adequately shielded from the image current of the passing beams .	An enhancement to the T-980 bent crystal collimation experiment at the Tevatron has been completed .	The enhancement was the installation of a pixel telescope inside the vacuum-sealed beam pipe of the Tevatron .	The telescope is comprised of six CMS PSI46 pixel plaquettes , arranged as three stations of horizontal and vertical planes , with the CAPTAN system for data acquisition and control .	The purpose of the pixel telescope is to measure beam profiles produced by bent crystals under various conditions .
+3	The calibration that has taken place since the detector 's installation in the summer of 2008 will be described .	The CMS pixel detector consists of approximately 66 million silicon pixels whose analog signals are read out by 15,840 programmable Readout Chips .	With the recent startup of the LHC , the detector is now collecting data used for precise vertexing and track-finding .	In preparation for data taking , the detector 's Readout Chips and their supporting readout and control electronics were calibrated .	These calibrations focused on the optimization of the Readout Chips ' thresholds and analog response .
+2	The resulting bulk is an interior and exterior metric for a thick string .	We proposed a six dimensional string-like braneworld built from a warped product between a 3-brane and the Hamilton cigar soliton space , the string-cigar braneworld .	This transverse manifold is a well-known steady solution of the Ricci flow equation that describes the evolution of a manifold .	This is a physical and feasible scenario since the source satisfies the dominant energy condition .	It is possible to realize the geometric flow as a result of variations of the matter content of the brane , actually , as its tensions .
+1	The renormalization group can be identified canonically with a one parameter subgroup .	We investigate the nature of divergences in quantum field theory , showing that they are organized in the structure of a certain `` motivic Galois group '' , which is uniquely determined and universal with respect to the set of physical theories .	The group is obtained through a Riemann-Hilbert correspondence .	Its representations classify equisingular flat vector bundles , where the equisingularity condition is a geometric formulation of the fact that in quantum field theory the counterterms are independent of the choice of a unit of mass .	As an algebraic group scheme , it is a semi-direct product by the multiplicative group of a pro-unipotent group scheme whose Lie algebra is freely generated by one generator in each positive integer degree .
+1	Local density is estimated by counting galaxies above a fixed absolute magnitude limit within cylinders 2 Mpc in projected radius and +-500 km/s in depth .	We use a complete sample of galaxies drawn from the SDSS to study how structure , star formation and nuclear activity depend on local density and on stellar mass .	The stellar mass distribution of galaxies shifts by nearly a factor of two towards higher masses between low and high density regions .	At fixed stellar mass , both star formation and nuclear activity depend strongly on local density , while structural parameters such as size and concentration are almost independent of it .	The galaxy property most sensitive to environment is specific star formation rate .
+2	In most cases , the presence of transverse fluctuations are found not to influence the critical exponents that describe longitudinal correlations .	The dynamical critical behavior of a single directed line driven in a random medium near the depinning threshold is studied both analytically ( by renormalization group ) and numerically , in the context of a Flux Line in a Type-II superconductor with a bulk current $ \vec J $ .	In the absence of transverse fluctuations , the system reduces to recently studied models of interface depinning .	For a manifold with $ d=4-\epsilon $ internal dimensions , longitudinal fluctuations in an isotropic medium are described by a roughness exponent $ \zeta_\parallel=\epsilon/3 $ to all orders in $ \epsilon $ , and a dynamical exponent $ z_\parallel=2-2\epsilon/9+O ( \epsilon^2 ) $ .	Transverse fluctuations have a distinct and smaller roughness exponent $ \zeta_\perp=\zeta_\parallel-d/2 $ for an isotropic medium .
+3	The present estimate is obtained by an asymptotic analysis .	Optimal pointwise estimates are derived for the biharmonic Green function under Dirichlet boundary conditions in arbitrary $ C^ { 4 , \gamma } $ -smooth domains .	Maximum principles do not exist for fourth order elliptic equations and the Green function may change sign .	It prevents using a Harnack inequality as for second order problems and hence complicates the derivation of optimal estimates .	The estimate shows that this Green function is positive near the singularity and that a possible negative part is small in the sense that it is bounded by the product of the squared distances to the boundary .
+0	To comprehend the hierarchical organization of large integrated systems , we introduce the hierarchical map equation , which reveals multilevel structures in networks .	In this information-theoretic approach , we exploit the duality between compression and pattern detection ; by compressing a description of a random walker as a proxy for real flow on a network , we find regularities in the network that induce this system-wide flow .	Finding the shortest multilevel description of the random walker therefore gives us the best hierarchical clustering of the network , the optimal number of levels and modular partition at each level , with respect to the dynamics on the network .	With a novel search algorithm , we extract and illustrate the rich multilevel organization of several large social and biological networks .	For example , from the global air traffic network we uncover countries and continents , and from the pattern of scientific communication we reveal more than 100 scientific fields organized in four major disciplines : life sciences , physical sciences , ecology and earth sciences , and social sciences .
+0	We present the final data release of observations of lambda 21-cm emission from Galactic neutral hydrogen over the entire sky , merging the Leiden/Dwingeloo Survey ( LDS : Hartmann & amp ; Burton , 1997 ) of the sky north of delta = -30 deg with the Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia Survey ( IAR : Arnal et al. , 2000 , and Bajaja et al. , 2005 ) of the sky south of delta = -25 deg .	The angular resolution of the combined material is HPBW ~ 0.6 deg .	The LSR velocity coverage spans the interval -450 km/s to +400 km/s , at a resolution of 1.3 km/s .	The data were corrected for stray radiation at the Institute for Radioastronomy of the University of Bonn , refining the original correction applied to the LDS .	The rms brightness-temperature noise of the merged database is 0.07 - 0.09 K. Residual errors in the profile wings due to defects in the correction for stray radiation are for most of the data below a level of 20 - 40 mK .
+1	Namely , we consider $ $ H= ( ( D-A ) \cdot\boldsymbol { \sigma } ) ^2-V $ $ with $ $ V=\sum_ { 1\le m\le M } \frac { Z_m } { |x-y_m| } $ $ and a corresponding Multiparticle Quantum Hamiltonian $ $ \mathsf { H } =\sum_ { 1\le n\le N } H_ { x_n } +\sum_ { 1\le n & lt ; n'\le N } |x_n-x_n'|^ { -1 } $ $ on the Fock space $ \wedge _ { 1\le n\le N } L^2 ( \mathbb { R } ^3 , \mathbb { C } ^2 ) $ .	We consider asymptotics of the ground state energy of heavy atoms and molecules in the self-generatedl magnetic field .	Here $ A=A^0+A ' $ where $ A^0=\frac { 1 } { 2 } ( -B x_2 , B x_1,0 ) $ is an external magnetic field and $ A ' $ is self-generated magnetic field .	Then the ground state energy is given by $ $ \mathsf { E } ( A ) =\inf \operatorname { Spec } ( \mathsf { H } ) +\frac { 1 } { \alpha } \int |\nabla \times A'|^2\ , dx $ $ where the last term is the energy of magnetic field .	Under assumptions $ \alpha Z\le \kappa^* $ ( with a small constant $ \kappa^* $ ) and $ M=1 $ ( atomic case ) we study the ground State Energy $ $ \mathsf { E } ^*=\inf_ { A ' } \mathsf { E } ( A ) . $ $ We derive its asymptotics including Scott , and Schwinger and Dirac corrections ( depending on $ B\ll Z^3 $ ) .
+0	This paper presents a series of results on the interplay between quantum estimation , cloning and finite de Finetti theorems .	First , we consider the measure-and-prepare channel that uses optimal estimation to convert M copies into k approximate copies of an unknown pure state and we show that this channel is equal to a random loss of all but s particles followed by cloning from s to k copies .	When the number k of output copies is large with respect to the number M of input copies the measure-and-prepare channel converges in diamond norm to the optimal universal cloning .	In the opposite case , when M is large compared to k , the estimation becomes almost perfect and the measure-and-prepare channel converges in diamond norm to the partial trace over all but k systems .	This result is then used to derive de Finetti-type results for quantum states and for symmetric broadcast channels , that is , channels that distribute quantum information to many receivers in a permutationally invariant fashion .
+3	He then concluded that such a growth would lead to a limiting temperature for strongly interacting matter .	In the latter half of the last century , it became evident that there exists an ever increasing number of different states of the so-called elementary particles .	The usual reductionist approach to this problem was to search for a simpler infrastructure , culminating in the formulation of the quark model and quantum chromodynamics .	In a complementary , completely novel approach , Hagedorn suggested that the mass distribution of the produced particles follows a self-similar composition pattern , predicting an unbounded number of states of increasing mass .	We discuss the conceptual basis for this approach , its relation to critical behavior , and its subsequent applications in different areas of high energy physics .
+0	There is strong evidence that the area of any surface limits the information content of adjacent spacetime regions , at 10^ ( 69 ) bits per square meter .	We review the developments that have led to the recognition of this entropy bound , placing special emphasis on the quantum properties of black holes .	The construction of light-sheets , which associate relevant spacetime regions to any given surface , is discussed in detail .	We explain how the bound is tested and demonstrate its validity in a wide range of examples .	A universal relation between geometry and information is thus uncovered .
+4	Canonical transformations are exhibited that identify each of these models with harmonic maps in the parametrized field theory formalism .	The Hamiltonian structure of spacetimes with two commuting Killing vector fields is analyzed for the purpose of addressing the various problems of time that arise in canonical gravity .	Two specific models are considered : ( i ) cylindrically symmetric spacetimes , and ( ii ) toroidally symmetric spacetimes , which respectively involve open and closed universe boundary conditions .	For each model canonical variables which can be used to identify points of space and instants of time , { \it i.e . } , internally defined spacetime coordinates , are identified .	To do this it is necessary to extend the usual ADM phase space by a finite number of degrees of freedom .
+0	We present the results of a long term orbit monitoring program , using sparse aperture masking observations taken with NIRC2 on the Keck-II telescope , of seven G to M-type members of the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Sco-Cen OB association .	We present astrometry and derived orbital elements of the binary systems we have monitored , and also determine the age , component masses , distance and reddening for each system using the orbital solutions and multi-band photometry , including Hubble Space Telescope photometry , and a Bayesian fitting procedure .	We find that the models can be forced into agreement with any individual system by assuming an age , but that age is not consistent across the mass range of our sample .	The G-type binary systems in our sample have model ages of ~11.5 Myr , which is consistent with the latest age estimates for Upper Scorpius , while the M-type binary systems have significantly younger model ages of ~7 Myr .	Based on our fits , this age discrepancy in the models corresponds to a luminosity under-prediction of 0.8-0.15 dex , or equivalently an effective temperature over-prediction of 100-300 K for M-type stars at a given premain-sequence age .
+3	The theory is illustrated by an example of a planar metasurface composed of cut-wire pairs .	In this paper we theoretically study electromagnetic reflection , transmission , and scattering properties of periodic and random arrays of particles which exhibit both electric-mode and magnetic-mode resonances .	We compare the properties of regular and random grids and explain recently observed dramatic differences in resonance broadening in the electric and magnetic modes of random arrays .	We show that randomness in the particle positioning influences equally on the scattering loss from both electric and magnetic dipoles , however , the observed resonance broadening can be very different depending on the absorption level in different modes as well as on the average electrical distance between the particles .	We show that in this particular case at the magnetic resonance the array response is almost not affected by positioning randomness due to lower frequency and higher absorption losses in that mode .
+4	Our new flux density measurements , coupled with the existing data at higher frequencies , allow us to study the total spectrum of the halos and relic over at least one order of magnitude in frequency .	In this paper we present new high sensitivity 153 MHz Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope follow-up observations of the diffuse steep spectrum cluster radio sources in the galaxy clusters Abell 521 , Abell 697 , Abell 1682 .	Abell 521 hosts a relic , and together with Abell 697 it also hosts a giant very steep spectrum radio halo .	Abell 1682 is a more complex system with candidate steep spectrum diffuse emission .	We imaged the diffuse radio emission in these clusters at 153 MHz , and provided flux density measurements of all the sources at this frequency .
+1	However , these semantics are different from each other and no consensus is reached about which semantics is the most intended .	Much work has been done on extending the well-founded semantics to general disjunctive logic programs and various approaches have been proposed .	In this paper we look at disjunctive well-founded reasoning from different angles .	We show that there is an intuitive form of the well-founded reasoning in disjunctive logic programming which can be characterized by slightly modifying some exisitng approaches to defining disjunctive well-founded semantics , including program transformations , argumentation , unfounded sets ( and resolution-like procedure ) .	We also provide a bottom-up procedure for this semantics .
+2	It is exactly solvable due to a dynamical symmetry corresponding to the Lie algebra $ \gl_\infty\oplus \gl_\infty $ .	I discuss many-body models for interacting fermions in two space dimensions which can be solved exactly using group theory .	The simplest example is a model of a quantum Hall system : 2D fermions in a constant magnetic field and a particular non-local 4-point interaction .	There is an algorithm to construct all energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of this model .	The latter are , in general , many-body states with spatial correlations .
+0	Assessing the statistical power to detect susceptibility variants plays a critical role in GWA studies both from the prospective and retrospective points of view .	Power is empirically estimated by simulating phenotypes under a disease model H1 .	For this purpose , the `` gold '' standard consists in simulating genotypes given the phenotypes ( e.g.Hapgen ) .	We introduce here an alternative approach for simulating phenotypes under H1 that does not require generating new genotypes for each simulation .	In order to simulate phenotypes with a fixed total number of cases and under a given disease model , we suggest three algorithms : i ) a simple rejection algorithm ; ii ) a numerical Markov Chain Monte-Carlo ( MCMC ) approach ; iii ) and an exact and efficient backward sampling algorithm .
+4	Additionally , we observe that the adjusted frequency for each rank , or the frequency divided by the number of unique names having the same rank , shows a distribution with dual scaling behavior , with the higher-ranked names preserving the \alpha exponent and the lower-ranked ones showing a power-law exponent \alpha ' = 2.9 .	We extract the individual names of persons mentioned in news reports from a Philippine-based daily in the English language from 2010-2012 .	Names are extracted using a learning algorithm that filters adjacent capitalized words and runs it through a database of non-names grown through training .	The number of mentions of individual names shows strong temporal fluctuations , indicative of the nature of `` hot '' trends and issues in society .	Despite these strong variations , however , we observe stable rank-frequency distributions across different years in the form of power-laws with scaling exponents \alpha = 0.7 , reminiscent of the Zipf 's law observed in lexical ( i.e.non-name ) words .
+1	Then $ L $ is one of the explicit 'Lawlor neck ' family of examples found by Lawlor ( Invent.math.95 , 1989 ) .	We prove two main results : ( a ) Suppose $ L $ is a closed , embedded , exact special Lagrangian $ m $ -fold in $ { \mathbb C } ^m $ for $ m\ge 3 $ asymptotic at infinity to the union $ \Pi_1\cup\Pi_2 $ of two transverse special Lagrangian planes $ \Pi_1 , \Pi_2 $ in $ { \mathbb C } ^m $ .	( b ) Suppose $ L $ is a closed , embedded , exact Lagrangian mean curvature flow expander in $ { \mathbb C } ^m $ for $ m\ge 3 $ asymptotic at infinity to the union $ \Pi_1\cup\Pi_2 $ of two transverse Lagrangian planes $ \Pi_1 , \Pi_2 $ in $ { \mathbb C } ^m $ .	Then $ L $ is one of the explicit family of examples found by Joyce , Lee and Tsui , arXiv:0801.3721 .	If instead $ L $ is immersed rather than embedded , the only extra possibility in ( a ) , ( b ) is $ L=\Pi_1\cup\Pi_2 $ .
+0	We present calculations of heavy quark and quarkonium production at CERN LEP2 in the k_T-factorization QCD approach .	Both direct and resolved photon contribution are taken into account .	The conservative error analisys is performed .	The unintegrated gluon distribution in the photon is taken from the full CCFM evolution equation .	The traditional color-singlet mechanism to describe non-perturbative transition of heavy quark pair into a final quarkonium is used .
+2	However , the amplitudes of the rotation curves ( at the last measured point ) of both galaxies are very similar , of about 40 km/s at a galactocentric radius of 7 kpc .	We compare the basic properties and kinematics of two gas-rich dwarf galaxies : KK246 and Holmberg II ( HoII ) .	HoII is 20 times more luminous in the blue-band than KK246 and its HI mass is a factor of 6 higher than in KK246 .	This fact is challenging for modified theories of gravity that predict a one-to-one relation between gravity at any radius and the enclosed baryonic mass in galaxies .	In particular , MOdified Newtonian Dynamics ( MOND ) predicts an asymptotic flat velocity of 60 km/s in HoII .
+0	We show that different stellar-mass estimation methods yield overall mass scales that disagree by factors up to ~2 for the z=0 galaxy population , and more importantly , relative mass scales that sometimes disagree by factors & gt ; ~3 between distinct classes of galaxies ( spiral/irregular types , classical E/S0s , and E/S0s whose colors reflect recent star formation ) .	This comparison considers stellar mass estimates based on ( a ) two different calibrations of the correlation between K-band mass-to-light ratio and B-R color ( Bell et al. , Portinari et al . )	and ( b ) detailed fitting of UBRJHK photometry and optical spectrophotometry using two different population synthesis models ( Bruzual-Charlot , Maraston ) , with the same initial mass function in all cases .	We also compare stellar+gas masses with dynamical masses .	This analysis offers only weak arguments for preferring a particular stellar-mass estimation method , given the plausibility of real variations in dynamical properties and dark matter content .
+2	At an excitation energy $ \sim $ 5.6 MeV/nucleon many observables indicate the presence of maximal fluctuations in the de-excitation processes .	An extensive experimental survey of the features of the disassembly of a small quasi-projectile system with $ A \sim $ 36 , produced in the reactions of 47 MeV/nucleon $ ^ { 40 } $ Ar + $ ^ { 27 } $ Al , $ ^ { 48 } $ Ti and $ ^ { 58 } $ Ni , has been carried out .	Nuclei in the excitation energy range of 1-9 MeV/u have been investigated employing a new method to reconstruct the quasi-projectile source .	The fragment topological structure shows that the rank sorted fragments obey Zipf 's law at the point of largest fluctuations providing another indication of a liquid gas phase transition .	The caloric curve for this system shows a monotonic increase of temperature with excitation energy and no apparent plateau .
+1	Consequently it is important to determine properties that characterize networks closely related to N and possibly more complicated than trees but lacking the full complexity of N. A connected surjective digraph map ( CSD ) is a map f from one network N to another network M which either collapses an arc to a single point or takes an arc to an arc , which is surjective , and such that the inverse image of a point is always connected .	The underlying reality of a succession of interbreeding populations is a vastly complicated network N. Since Darwin , species trees have been used as a simplified description of the relationships which summarize the overly complicated network N. Recent evidence of hybridization and lateral gene transfer , however , suggest that there are situations where trees are inadequate .	CSD maps are shown to behave well under composition .	If there is such a CSD map , the network M is shown to arise naturally as a quotient structure from N. It is proved that if there is a CSD map from N to M , then there is in a way to lift an undirected version of M into N , possibly with added resolution .	A CSD map from N to M puts strong constraints on N ; if the map were not connected , there would be minimal constraints .
+3	The BLV exhibits a non-Newtonian behavior with a time-dependent apparent viscosity during its unsteady motion .	The influence of the internal structure of a biological cell ( e.g. , a leukocyte ) on its dynamics and rheology is not yet fully understood .	By using 2D numerical simulations of a bilamellar vesicle ( BLV ) consisting of two vesicles as a cell model , we find that increasing the size of the inner vesicle ( mimicking the nucleus ) triggers a tank-treading-to-tumbling transition .	A new dynamical state is observed , the undulating motion : the BLV inclination with respect to the imposed flow oscillates while the outer vesicle develops rotating lobes .	Depending on its inclination and on its inner vesicle dynamical state , the BLV behaves like a solid or a liquid .
+4	However , with a minimal doping of $ \sim $ 1\ % Cr , the mobility of NbP is degraded by more than two order of magnitude , due to the invalid of helicity protection to magnetic impurities .	Non-centrosymmetric transition metal monopnictides , including TaAs , TaP , NbAs , and NbP , are emergent topological Weyl semimetals ( WSMs ) hosting exotic relativistic Weyl fermions .	In this letter , we elucidate the physical origin of the unprecedented charge carrier mobility of NbP , which can reach $ 1\times10^ { 7 } $ cm $ ^ { 2 } $ V $ ^ { -1 } $ s $ ^ { -1 } $ at 1.5 K. Angle- and temperature-dependent quantum oscillations , supported by density function theory calculations , reveal that NbP has the coexistence of p- and n-type WSM pockets in the $ k_ { z } $ =1.16 $ \pi $ /c plane ( W1-WSM ) and in the $ k_ { z } $ =0 plane near the high symmetry points $ \Sigma $ ( W2-WSM ) , respectively .	Uniquely , each W2-WSM pocket forms a large dumbbell-shaped Fermi surface ( FS ) enclosing two neighboring Weyl nodes with the opposite chirality .	The magneto-transport in NbP is dominated by these highly anisotropic W2-WSM pockets , in which Weyl fermions are well protected from defect backscattering by real spin conservation associated to the chiral nodes .
+0	A set is said to tile the integers if and only if the integers can be written as a disjoint union of translates of that set .	We consider the problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite set to tile the integers .	For sets of prime power size , it was solved by D. Newman [ J .	Number Theory 9 ( 1977 ) , 107 -- 111 ] .	We solve it for sets of size having at most two prime factors .
+2	The lightest sea quark mass used in the calculation is a third of the strange quark mass .	We review some decays that require knowledge of the decay constants of $ 0^ { + } $ heavy-light mesons .	We compute the decay constants of P-wave heavy-light mesons from unquenched lattice QCD , with two degenerate flavours of sea quarks , at a single lattice spacing .	For the charm-strange meson we obtain the decay constant : $ f_ { D_ { s 0^+ } } = 340 ( 110 ) $ MeV using our normalisation conventions .	We obtain the $ f_ { P_s } ^ { static } $ ( static-strange P-wave ) decay constant as $ 302 ( 39 ) $ MeV .
+1	The RV B star UY Ara shows the abundance anomalies seen in other RV B stars , namely elements that condense into grains at high temperature are underabundant but elements of low condensation temperature are much less underabundant .	Abundance analyses are presented and discussed for eight RV Tauri variables .	This pattern is ascribed to a separation of dust from gas with accretion of gas but not dust by the atmosphere .	Abundances for two RV C stars with earlier results for other RV C stars show that these intrinsically metal-poor stars do not show effects of dust-gas separation .	Analyses of five RV A stars show that these cooler stars are very largely unaffected by dust-gas separation .
+0	We aim to examine the role of the interstellar magnetic field in shaping the extended morphologies of slow dusty winds of Asymptotic Giant-branch ( AGB ) stars in an effort to pin-point the origin of so-called eye shaped CSE of three carbon-rich AGB stars .	In addition , we seek to understand if this pre-planetary nebula ( PN ) shaping can be responsible for asymmetries observed in PNe .	Hydrodynamical simulations are used to study the effect of typical interstellar magnetic fields on the free-expanding spherical stellar winds as they sweep up the local interstellar medium ( ISM ) .	The simulations show that typical Galactic interstellar magnetic fields of 5 to 10 muG , are sufficient to alter the spherical expanding shells of AGB stars to appear as the characteristic eye shape revealed by far-infrared observations .	The typical sizes of the simulated eyes are in accordance with the observed physical sizes .
+4	The variations agree quantitatively with random-matrix theory predictions which incorporate spin-orbit coupling .	We have measured the full angular dependence , as a function of the direction of magnetic field , for the Zeeman splitting of individual energy states in copper nanoparticles .	The g-factors for spin splitting are highly anisotropic , with angular variations as large as a factor of five .	The angular dependence fits well to ellipsoids .	Both the principal-axis directions and g-factor magnitudes vary between different energy levels within one nanoparticle .
+4	As applications , this result improves the work of Hirose and Nakashima which finds the flat plumbing basket number of prime knots up to 9 crossings .	Flat plumbing basket surfaces of links were introduced to study the geometry of the complement of the links .	These flat plumbing basket surface can be presented by a sequential presentation known as flat plumbing basket code first found by Furihata , Hirasawa and Kobayashi .	The minimum number of flat plumbings to obtain a flat plumbing basket surfaces of a link is defined to be the flat plumbing basket number of the given link .	In present article , we use these sequential presentations to find the complete classification theorem of prime knots whose flat plumbing basket number $ 6 $ or less .
+0	Solutes added to solutions often dramatically impact molecular processes ranging from the suspension or precipitation of colloids to biomolecular associations and protein folding .	Here we revisit the origins of the effective attractive interactions that emerge between and within macromolecules immersed in solutions containing cosolutes that are preferentially excluded from the macromolecular interfaces .	Until recently , these depletion forces were considered to be entropic in nature , resulting primarily from the tendency to increase the space available to the cosolute .	However , recent experimental evidence indicates the existence of additional , energetically-dominated mechanisms .	In this review we follow the emerging characteristics of these different mechanisms .
+1	One of the striking features of these laws is that they imply that the glueball and meson masses squared form exactly-linear Regge trajectories in the large-N limit of massless QCD , all the way down to the low-lying states : A fact unsuspected so far .	We provide outstanding numerical evidence that in large-N massless QCD the joint spectrum of the masses squared , for fixed integer spin s and unspecified parity and charge conjugation , obeys exactly the following laws : m_k^2 = ( k+s/2 ) Lambda_QCD^2 for s even , m_k^2 = 2 ( k+s/2 ) Lambda_QCD^2 for s odd , k = 1,2 , ... for glueballs , and m_n^2 = 1/2 ( n+s/2 ) Lambda_QCD^2 , n = 0,1 , ... for mesons .	The numerical evidence is based on lattice computations by Meyer-Teper in SU ( 8 ) YM for glueballs , and by Bali et al .	in SU ( 17 ) quenched massless QCD for mesons , that we analyze systematically .	The aforementioned spectrum for spin-0 glueballs is implied by a Topological Field Theory underlying the large-N limit of YM , whose glueball propagators satisfy as well fundamental universal constraints arising from the asymptotic freedom and the renormalization group .
+3	Kinematical cuts have been studied in order to enhance the VV scattering signal over background .	Boson-boson scattering and Higgs production in boson-boson fusion hold the key to electroweak symmetry breaking .	In order to analyze these essential features of the Standard Model we have performed a partonic level study of all processes $ q_1 q_2 \to q_3 q_4 q_5 q_6 l \nu $ at the LHC using the exact matrix elements at $ \O ( \alpha_ { em } ^6 ) $ provided by \Phase , a new MC generator .	These processes include also three boson production and the purely electroweak contribution to \toptop production as well as all irreducible backgrounds .	\Phase has been compared with different Monte Carlo 's showing that a complete calculation is necessary for a correct description of the process .
+3	Upon cooling down the system below Ts , large magnetoresistance develops and the Hall resistivity deviates from the linear field dependence .	The longitudinal electrical resistivity and the transverse Hall resistivity of CeFeAsO are simultaneously measured up to a magnetic field of 45T using the facilities of pulsed magnetic field at Los Alamos .	Distinct behaviour is observed in both the magnetoresistance Rxx ( { \mu } 0H ) and the Hall resistance Rxy ( { \mu } 0H ) while crossing the structural phase transition at Ts \approx 150K .	At temperatures above Ts , little magnetoresistance is observed and the Hall resistivity follows linear field dependence .	Furthermore , we found that the transition at Ts is extremely robust against the external magnetic field .
+3	We show that this 'hadrosymmetric ' scenario can be consistent with all applicable astrophysical , cosmological and collider constraints .	We consider a twin WIMP scenario whose twin sector contains a full dark copy of the SM hadrons , where the lightest twin particles are twin pions .	By analogy to the standard WIMP paradigm , the dark matter ( DM ) freezes out through twin electroweak interactions , and annihilates into a dark shower of light twin hadrons .	These are either stable or decay predominantly to standard model ( SM ) photons .	In order to decay the twin hadrons before the big-bang nucleosynthesis epoch , an additional portal between the SM and twin sector is required .
+0	In this paper , we consider doubly warped product ( DWP ) Finsler manifolds with some non-Riemannian curvature properties .	First , we study Berwald and isotropic mean Berwald DWP-Finsler manifolds .	Then we prove that every proper Douglas DWP-Finsler manifold is Riemannian .	We show that a proper DWP-manifold is Landsbergian if and only it is Berwaldian .	In continue , we prove that every relatively isotropic Landsberg DWP-manifold is a Landsberg manifold .
+4	Our approach is implemented in a software package called MOSGWA .	The prevailing method of analyzing GWAS data is still to test each marker individually , although from a statistical point of view it is quite obvious that in case of complex traits such single marker tests are not ideal .	Recently several model selection approaches for GWAS have been suggested , most of them based on LASSO-type procedures .	Here we will discuss an alternative model selection approach which is based on a modification of the Bayesian Information Criterion ( mBIC2 ) which was previously shown to have certain asymptotic optimality properties in terms of minimizing the misclassification error .	Heuristic search strategies are introduced which attempt to find the model which minimizes mBIC2 , and which are efficient enough to allow the analysis of GWAS data .
+4	Changes in lattice spacing measured from the x-ray diffraction pattern gave a direct measurement of uniaxial compression in the elastic wave , triaxial flow from the decay of the precursor , and triaxial compression in the plastic shock ; these were consistent with the velocity data .	The plastic response of beryllium was investigated during loading by laser-induced shock waves , using surface velocimetry and in-situ x-ray diffraction .	Results from loading by thermal x-rays ( hohlraum ) were consistent with more extensive studies using laser ablation .	Strong elastic waves were observed , up to ~1 km/s in free surface speed , with significant structure before the arrival of the plastic shock .	The magnitude and shape of the precursor could be reproduced with a plasticity model based on dislocation dynamics .
+2	The analogous problem in the one-dimensional lattice $ \mathbb { N } $ is also considered .	We consider $ ( M , d ) $ a connected and compact manifold and we denote by $ \mathcal { B } _i $ the Bernoulli space $ M^ { \Z } $ of sequences represented by $ $ x= ( ... x_ { -3 } , x_ { -2 } , x_ { -1 } , x_0 , x_1 , x_2 , x_3 , ... ) , $ $ where $ x_i $ belongs to the space ( alphabet ) $ M $ .	The case where $ M=\mathbb { S } ^1 $ , the unit circle , is of particular interest here .	% In this case we consider the potential $ A : { \cal B } =M^\mathbb { N } \to \mathbb { R } . $ Let $ A : \mathcal { B } _i \rar \R $ be an { \it observable } or { \it potential } defined in the Bernoulli space $ \mathcal { B } _i $ .	The potential $ A $ describes an interaction between sites in the one-dimensional lattice $ M^\mathbb { Z } $ .
+2	Fluids , 17 ) but in contradiction with the recent investigation of Chu ( 2004 ) ( C.R .	We consider the influence of slip boundary conditions on the modal and non-modal stability of pressure-driven channel flows .	In accordance with previous results by Gersting ( 1974 ) ( Phys .	Mecanique , 332 ) , we show that slip increases significantly the value of the critical Reynolds number for linear instability .	The non-modal stability analysis however reveals that the slip has a very weak influence on the maximum transient energy growth of perturbations at subcritical Reynolds numbers .
+0	Energy deposition by neutrinos can rejuvenate the stalled bounce shock and can provide the energy for the supernova explosion of a massive star .	This neutrino-heating mechanism , however , is not finally accepted or proven as the trigger of the explosion .	Part of the problem is that the complexity of the hydrodynamic models often hampers a clear and simple interpretation of the results .	This demands a deeper theoretical understanding of the requirements of a successful shock revival .	A toy model is presented here for discussing the neutrino heating phase analytically by a time-dependent treatment , which allows one to calculate the radius and velocity of the supernova shock from global properties of the gain layer as solutions of an initial value problem .
+4	Expressions for steady-state mean square deviation ( MSD ) are derived and discussed with respect to algorithm parameters and system sparsity .	As one of the recently proposed algorithms for sparse system identification , $ l_0 $ norm constraint Least Mean Square ( $ l_0 $ -LMS ) algorithm modifies the cost function of the traditional method with a penalty of tap-weight sparsity .	The performance of $ l_0 $ -LMS is quite attractive compared with its various precursors .	However , there has been no detailed study of its performance .	This paper presents all-around and throughout theoretical performance analysis of $ l_0 $ -LMS for white Gaussian input data based on some reasonable assumptions .
+4	In our opinion , such unusual behavior can take place for thin films at decreasing the electron mean free path provided , that the surface electron scattering contributes significantly to the total spin-orbit scattering .	The analysis of quantum corrections to magnetoconductivity of thin Au films responsible for by the effect of weak electron localization has made it possible to determine the temperature dependences of electron phase relaxation time in the temperature range 0.5 -- 50 K for different degrees of crystal lattice disorder .	The disorder was enhanced by irradiating the films in vacuum with 3.5 keV Ar ions .	The experimental data clearly demonstrate that the contribution of electron-electron interaction to electron phase relaxation increases with disorder and support the theoretical prediction that the frequency of electron-phonon scattering tends to diminish upon a decrease in electron mean free path .	It is found that the spin-orbit scattering rate decreases with disorder .
+3	The quantum mechanical tunneling probability is calculated within the WKB framework .	The half lives of proton radioactivity of proton emitters are investigated theoretically .	Proton-nucleus interaction potentials are obtained by folding the densities of the daughter nuclei with a finite range effective nucleon-nucleon interaction having Yukawa form .	The Wood-Saxon density distributions for the nuclei used in calculating the nuclear as well as the Coulomb interaction potentials are predictions of the interaction .	These calculations provide reasonable estimates for the observed proton radioactivity lifetimes .
+2	Our simulation results compare well to earlier findings and physical intuition .	In order to characterize flux flow through disordered type-II superconductors , we investigate the effects of columnar and point defects on the vortex velocity / voltage power spectrum in the driven non-equilibrium steady state .	We employ three-dimensional Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations to measure relevant physical observables including the force-velocity / current-voltage ( I-V ) characteristics , vortex spatial arrangement and structure factor , and mean flux line radius of gyration .	We focus specifically on the voltage noise power spectra in conjunction with the vortex structure factor in the presence of weak columnar and point pinning centers .	We investigate the vortex washboard noise peak and associated higher harmonics , and show that the intensity ratios of the washboard harmonics are determined by the strength of the material defects rather than the type of pins present .
+3	Since the column of Q_i can be used as the transmission beam of a particular user , multiple solutions of Q_i provide a large selection of transmission beams , which can be exploited to achieve high degrees of orthogonality between the multipaths , as well as between the interfering users .	In this paper , we propose to exploit the richly scattered multi-path nature of a frequency selective channel to provide additional degrees of freedom for desigining effective precoding schemes for multi-user communications .	We design the precoding matrix for multi-user communications based on the Generalized Multi-Unitary Decomposition ( GMUD ) , where the channel matrix H is transformed into P_i*R_r*Q_i^H .	An advantage of GMUD is that multiple pairs of unitary matrices P_i and Q_i can be obtained with one single R_r .	Hence the proposed precoding technique based on GMUD achieves better performance than precoding based on singular value decomposition .
+3	The basic properties of the mappings satisfying the new definition and a natural convergence theorem for these mappings are given .	This article is the introductory part of authors PhD thesis .	The article presents a new coordinate invariant definition of quasiregular and quasiconformal mappings on Riemannian manifolds that generalizes the definition of quasiregular mappings on $ \R^n $ .	The new definition arises naturally from the inner product structures of Riemannian manifolds .	These results are applied in a subsequent paper , arXiv:1209.1285 .
+0	We investigate the stability of trajectories in barred galaxies with mildly triaxial halos by means of Liapunov exponents .	This method is perfectly suitable for time-dependent 3D potentials where surfaces of sections and other simple diagnostics are not applicable .	We find that when halos are centrally-concentrated most trajectories starting near the plane containing the bar become chaotic .	Moreover , the shape of many of the remaining regular trajectories do not match the bar density distribution , being too round .	Therefore , time-independent self-consistent solutions are highly unlikely to be found .
+2	For this investigation the associated production of a Higgs boson and a single top quark ( tHq ) is a promising channel .	The Yukawa coupling of the Higgs boson to top quarks $ \text { Y } _\text { t } $ is of particular interest as the top quark plays a special role in the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism .	Any deviation from its predicted value could hint at new physics .	Due to interference terms in the production amplitude the cross section $ \sigma_\text { tHq } $ is not only sensitive to the magnitude of $ \text { Y } _\text { t } $ but also to its sign making this channel special .	In addition the branching ratio BR ( $ \text { H } \to\gamma\gamma $ ) is sensitive to sign and magnitude of $ \text { Y } _\text { t } $ .
+3	The results of this global search for new physics in 2/fb are presented .	A model-independent global search for new physics has been performed at the CDF experiment .	This search examines nearly 400 final states , looking for discrepancies between the observed data and the standard model expectation in populations , kinematic shapes , and the tails of the summed transverse momentum distributions .	A new approach also searches in approximately 5000 mass variables looking for `bumps ' that may indicate resonant production of new particles .	In addition , a model-independent search for deviations from the Standard Model prediction is performed in e+p and e-p collisions at HERA II using all H1 data recorded during the second running phase .
+0	The postburst evolution of fireballs that produce $ \gamma $ -ray bursts is studied , assuming the expansion of fireballs to be adiabatic and relativistic .	Numerical results as well as an approximate analytic solution for the evolution are presented .	Due to adoption of a new relation among $ t $ , $ R $ and $ \gamma $ ( see the text ) , our results differ markedly from the previous studies .	Synchrotron radiation from the shocked interstellar medium is attentively calculated , using a convenient set of equations .	The observed X-ray flux of GRB afterglows can be reproduced easily .
+0	Quantum thermodynamics can be understood as a resource theory , whereby thermal states are free and the only allowed operations are unitary transformations commuting with the total Hamiltonian of the system .	Previous literature on the subject has just focused on transformations between different state resources , overlooking the fact that quantum operations which do not commute with the total energy also constitute a potentially valuable resource .	In this Letter , given a number of non-thermal quantum channels , we study the problem of how to integrate them in a thermal engine so as to distill a maximum amount of work .	We find that , in the limit of asymptotically many uses of each channel , the distillable work is an additive function of the considered channels , computable for both finite dimensional quantum operations and bosonic channels .	We apply our results to bound the amount of distillable work due to the natural non-thermal processes postulated in the Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber ( GRW ) collapse model .
+0	We investigate the integrable structures in an N=2 superconfomal Sp ( N ) Yang-Mills theory with matter , which is dual to an open+closed string system .	We restrict ourselves to the BMN operators that correspond to free string states .	In the closed string sector , an integrable structure is inherited from its parent theory , N=4 SYM .	For the open string sector , the planar one-loop mixing matrix for gauge invariant holomorphic operators is identified with the Hamiltonian of an integrable SU ( 3 ) open spin chain .	Using the K-matrix formalism we identify the integrable open-chain boundary conditions that correspond to string boundary conditions .
+2	Thus if $ V $ is any finite dimensional $ C_p $ -representation there are non-negative integers $ 0\leq n_1 , n_2 , ... , n_k \leq p-1 $ such that $ V \cong \oplus_ { i=1 } ^k V_ { n_i+1 } $ .	Let $ F $ be any field of characteristic $ p $ .	It is well-known that there are exactly $ p $ inequivalent indecomposable representations $ V_1 , V_2 , ... , V_p $ of $ C_p $ defined over $ F $ .	It is also well-known there is a unique ( up to equivalence ) $ d+1 $ dimensional irreducible complex representation of $ \SL_2 ( \C ) $ given by its action on the space $ R_d $ of $ d $ forms .	Here we prove a conjecture , made by R.J. Shank , which reduces the computation of the ring of $ C_p $ -invariants $ F [ \oplus_ { i=1 } ^k V_ { n_i+1 } ] ^ { C_p } $ to the computation of the classical ring of invariants ( or covariants ) $ \C [ R_1 \oplus ( \oplus_ { i=1 } ^k R_ { n_i } ) ] ^ { \SL_2 ( \C ) } $ .
+1	Moderate resolution ( v~200 km/s ) spectra in the HST far-ultraviolet bandpass ( 1150 - 1750 A ) show emission from several ionization states of oxygen as well as trace amounts of other species .	We present new far-ultraviolet spectra of an oxygen-rich knot in the Large Magellanic Cloud supernova remnant N132D , obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph .	We use the improvements in sensitivity and resolving power offered by COS to separate contributions from different velocity components within the remnant , as well as emission from different species within the oxygen-rich knot itself .	This is the first time that compositional and velocity structure in the ultraviolet emission lines from N132D has been resolved , and we use this to assess the chemical composition of the remnant .	No nitrogen is detected in N132D and multiple carbon species are found at velocities inconsistent with the main oxygen component .
+2	Up to now , a few classes have been identified .	Universality is a well-established central concept of equilibrium physics .	However , in systems far away from equilibrium a deeper understanding of its underlying principles is still lacking .	Besides the diffusive universality class with dynamical exponent $ z=2 $ another prominent example is the superdiffusive Kardar-Parisi-Zhang ( KPZ ) class with $ z=3/2 $ .	It appears e.g.in low-dimensional dynamical phenomena far from thermal equilibrium which exhibit some conservation law .
+3	Estimation of the error in these quantities by means of a weighted dual residual method is discussed , which leads to an algorithm for adaptive mesh refinement .	In this paper we investigate adaptive discretization of the iteratively regularized Gauss- Newton method IRGNM .	All-at-once formulations considering the PDE and the measurement equation simultaneously allow to avoid ( approximate ) solution of a potentially nonlinear PDE in each Newton step as compared to the reduced form [ 22 ] .	We analyze a least squares and a generalized Gauss-Newton formulation and in both cases prove convergence and convergence rates with a posteriori choice of the regularization parameters in each Newton step and of the stopping index under certain accuracy requirements on four quantities of interest .	Numerical experiments with an implementation of this algorithm show the numerical efficiency of this approach , which especially for strongly nonlinear PDEs outperforms the nonlinear Tikhonov regularization considered in [ 21 ] .
+1	Searching for QPOs in a sample of 30 bursts at similar frequencies to those previously reported in the December 27 , 2004 giant flare , we find evidence for a QPO in a burst at 648 Hz at 5.17 { \sigma } confidence level , lying within 3.75 % from the 625 Hz QPO discovered in the giant flare .	We present evidence for Quasi Periodic Oscillations ( QPOs ) in the recurrent outburst activity from SGR 1806-20 using Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) observations during November 1996 .	Two additional features are also detected around 84 and 103 Hz in two other bursts at 4.2 { \sigma } and 4.8 { \sigma } confidence level , respectively , which lie within 8.85 % and 11.83 % respectively from the QPO at 92.5 Hz also detected in the giant flare .	Accounting for the number of bursts analyzed the confidence levels for the 84 , 103 and 648 Hz becomes 3 { \sigma } , 3.6 { \sigma } and 3.4 { \sigma } respectively .	Extending our search to other frequency ranges , we find candidates at 1096 , 1230 , 2785 and 3690 Hz in 3 different bursts with confidence levels lying between 4.14 { \sigma } -4.46 { \sigma } , which is reduced to 2.3 { \sigma } -3 { \sigma } after accounting for a certain confirmation bias in each case .
+1	The canonical identification operator is characterized for Lax-Phillips evolutions , whose outgoing and incoming projections commute .	Lax-Phillips evolutions are described by two-space scattering systems .	In this case a ( generalized ) Lax-Phillips semigroup can be introduced and its spectral theory is considered .	In the special case , originally considered by Lax and Phillips ( where the outgoing and incoming subspaces are mutually orthogonal ) , this semigroup coincides with that introduced by Lax and Phillips .	In the more general case the existence of the semigroup is not coupled with the ( global ) holomorphic continuability of the scattering matrix into the upper half plane .
+1	When working with primitive lattice vectors , the order of this eigenvalue problem can grow large for arbitrary $ \vec { n } $ .	Complex bands $ \vec { k } ^ { \perp } ( E ) $ in a semiconductor crystal , along a general direction $ \vec { n } $ , can be computed by casting Schr\ '' odinger 's equation as a generalized polynomial eigenvalue problem .	It is however possible to always choose a set of non-primitive lattice vectors such that the eigenvalue problem is restricted to be quadratic .	The complex bands so obtained need to be unfolded onto the primitive Brillouin zone .	In this paper , we present a unified method to unfold real and complex bands .
+4	Finally , using a structure theorem of Donagi-Markman , we present a new formulation of the Abel-Jacobi mapping into the intermediate Jacobian of a threefold with trivial canonical bundle .	On a threefold with trivial canonical bundle , Kuranishi theory gives an algebro-geometry construction of the ( local analytic ) Hilbert scheme of curves at a smooth holomorphic curve as a gradient scheme , that is , the zero-scheme of the exterior derivative of a holomorphic function on a ( finite-dimensional ) polydisk .	( The corresponding fact in an infinite dimensional setting was long ago discovered by physicists . )	An analogous algebro-geometric construction for the holomorphic Chern-Simons functional is presented giving the local analytic moduli scheme of a vector bundle .	An analogous gradient scheme construction for Brill-Noether loci on ample divisors is also given .
+4	High-volume , noisy discussions : at least 30 % of the courses produce new discussion threads at rates that are infeasible for students or teaching staff to read through .	We study user behavior in the courses offered by a major Massive Online Open Course ( MOOC ) provider during the summer of 2013 .	Since social learning is a key element of scalable education in MOOCs and is done via online discussion forums , our main focus is in understanding forum activities .	Two salient features of MOOC forum activities drive our research : 1 .	High decline rate : for all courses studied , the volume of discussions in the forum declines continuously throughout the duration of the course.2 .
+3	As an application , we calculate the cohomology of the costalk-to-stalk embedding for the direct image $ \pi_* { \underline k } _\Sigma $ .	We construct combinatorial bases of the $ T $ -equivariant ( $ T $ is the maximal torus ) cohomology $ H^\bullet_T ( \Sigma , k ) $ of the Bott-Samelson variety $ \Sigma $ under some mild restrictions on the field of coefficients $ k $ .	This bases allow us to prove the surjectivity of the restrictions $ H^\bullet_T ( \Sigma , k ) \to H^\bullet_T ( \pi^ { -1 } ( x ) , k ) $ and $ H^\bullet_T ( \Sigma , k ) \to H^\bullet_T ( \Sigma\setminus\pi^ { -1 } ( x ) , k ) $ , where $ \pi : \Sigma\to G/B $ is the canonical resolution .	In fact , we also construct bases of the targets of these restrictions by picking up certain subsets of certain bases of $ H^\bullet_T ( \Sigma , k ) $ and restricting them to $ \pi^ { -1 } ( x ) $ or $ \Sigma\setminus\pi^ { -1 } ( x ) $ respectively .	This algorithm avoids division by 2 , which allows us to reestablish 2-torsion for parity sheaves in Braden 's example .
+4	We show how the creation of characteristic patterns depends on the temperature and the annealing time .	We present Monte Carlo simulation data obtained for the annealed surface GaN ( 0001 ) and compare them with the experimental data .	High temperature particle evaporation is a part of substrate preparation processes before epitaxy .	The ideal surface ordering expected after such heating is a pattern of parallel , equally distanced steps .	It appears however , that different types of step structures emerge at high temperatures .
+3	At the stage of RPPs , small-body satellites can form in two ways : a merger between RPPs can have two centers of contraction , or the formation of satellites from a disc around the primary or the secondary .	This paper studies the mean angular momentum associated with the collision of two celestial objects in the earliest stages of planet formation .	Of primary concern is the scenario of two rarefied preplanetesimals ( RPPs ) in circular heliocentric orbits .	The theoretical results are used to develop models of binary or multiple system formation from RPPs , and explain the observation that a greater fraction of binaries originated farther from the Sun .	Formation of the disc can be caused by that the angular momentum of the RPP formed by the merger is greater than the critical angular momentum for a solid body .
+4	Also , the structure shows ~4-21 times larger galaxy number density than those of z ~ 6 galaxies in a general field .	We investigate the sky distribution of z ~ 6 Lyman break galaxies selected as i'-dropouts having i ' - z ' & gt ; 1.45 down to z ' & lt ; 26.5 in the Subaru Deep Field ( SDF ) .	We discover 37 i'-dropouts clustered in a projected comoving 21.6 x 21.6 Mpc^2 region at z = 6 , showing a local density excess .	Carrying out follow-up spectroscopy , we identify four of them as Lyman-alpha emitters at z = 5.92 , 6.01 , 6.03 and 6.03 ( spread over a distance of 46.6 Mpc ) .	The number density of the cluster itself in SDF is ~ 2.2 x 10^ { -7 } Mpc^ { -3 } , smaller than those of protoclusters ( i.e. , forming galaxy clusters ) at z ~ 2-5.7 .
+1	Several descriptions exist for the evolution of the shower size along the atmospheric depth .	Cosmic rays impacting on the atmosphere cause particle-showers .	The well known functions for shower profiles , Greisen , Gaisser-Hillas and `Gaussian in Age ' , are intimately connected in that they all are approximate solutions of versions of the Rossi and Greisen diffusion equations .	The mathematical connection will be demonstrated by means of two simple models for the longitudinal electromagnetic shower profile .	Both models can be regarded either as a generalization of the Heitler model or as a simplification of the diffusion model of Rossi and Greisen .
+1	The orbit functions are redefined using the exact equations .	This paper defines the beta function and other linear orbit parameters using the exact equations of motion .	Expressions are found for the transfer matrix and the emittances .	Differential equations are found for the beta function and the eta function .	New relationships between the linear orbit parameters are found .
+2	A crucial prediction is that Y ( 4260 ) should decay predominantly in D_s D_sbar .	We propose that the Y ( 4260 ) particle recently announced by BaBar is the first orbital excitation of a diquark-antidiquark state ( [ cs ] [ cbar sbar ] ) .	Using parameters recently determined to describe the X ( 3872 ) and X ( 3940 ) we show that the Y mass is compatible with the orbital excitation picture .	The Y ( 4260 ) should also be seen in B non-leptonic decays in association with one kaon .	We consider the full nonet of related four-quark states and their predicted properties .
+4	Finally , colliding of FEL beam from an electron linac and nucleus beam from LHC will give a new opportunity to investigate nuclear spektroscopy and photo-nuclei reactions .	Main parameters and physics goals of different colliders , which can be realized if a special 1 TeV energy linear electron accelerator or corresponding linear collider is constructed tangential to LHC , are discussed .	It is shown that L_ ( ep ) =10^ ( 32 ) cm^ ( -2 ) s^ ( -1 ) at sqrt ( s_ ( ep ) ) =5.29 TeV can be achieved within moderate upgrade of LHC parameters .	Then , Gamma-p collider with he same luminosity and sqrt ( s ) =4.82 TeV can be realized using Compton backscattering of laser beam off the electron beam .	Concerning the nucleus beam , L*A=10^ ( 31 ) cm^ ( -2 ) s^ ( -1 ) can be achieved at least for light and medium nuclei for both eA and Gamma-A options .
+2	He later explained the CMB dipole by a local velocity of 220 +/- 50 km/s toward the Virgo cluster and by a bulk motion of the Local supercluster ( extending out to ~3500 km/s ) of 450-500 km/s toward an apex at l=275 , b=12 .	This is an account of Allan Sandage 's work on ( 1 ) The character of the expansion field .	For many years he has been the strongest defender of an expanding Universe .	Allowing for these streaming velocities he found linear expansion to hold down to local scales ( ~300 km/s ) .	( 2 ) The calibration of the Hubble constant .
+2	The proposed simulator consists of two superconducting lumped-element resonators interacting with a common flux qubit in the ultrastrong coupling regime .	We investigate the simulation of Jahn-Teller models with two non-degenerate vibrational modes using a circuit QED architecture .	Typical Jahn-Teller systems are anisotropic and require at least a two-frequency description .	We translate the circuit QED model of the system to a two-frequency Jahn-Teller Hamiltonian and calculate its energy eigenvalues and the emission spectrum of the cavities .	It is shown that the system can be systematically tuned to an effective single mode Hamiltonian from the two-mode model by varying the coupling strength between the resonators .
+2	\end { equation* } defined for sequences $ { \bf u } ( i ) $ satisfying a certain recurrence relation .	Let $ s_ { k } ( n ) $ denote the sum of digits of an integer $ n $ in base $ k $ .	Motivated by certain identities of Nieto , and Bateman and Bradley involving sums of the form $ \sum_ { i=0 } ^ { 2^ { n } -1 } ( -1 ) ^ { s_ { 2 } ( i ) } ( x+i ) ^ { m } $ for $ m=n $ and $ m=n+1 $ , we consider the sequence of polynomials \begin { equation* } f_ { m , n } ^ { \mathbf u } ( x ) =\sum_ { i=0 } ^ { k^ { n } -1 } \zeta_ { k } ^ { s_ { k } ( i ) } ( x+ { \mathbf u } ( i ) ) ^ { m } .	We prove that computing these polynomials is essentially equivalent with computing their constant term and we find an explicit formula for this number .	This allows us to prove several interesting identities involving sums of binary digits .
+4	A similar construction for the Navier-Stokes equations was studied by Mattingly and the first author of this paper [ Iyer and Mattingly Nonlinearity 21 ( 2008 ) 2537-2553 ] .	We study the dissipation mechanism of a stochastic particle system for the Burgers equation .	The velocity field of the viscous Burgers and Navier-Stokes equations can be expressed as an expected value of a stochastic process based on noisy particle trajectories [ Constantin and Iyer Comm.Pure Appl.Math .	3 ( 2008 ) 330-345 ] .	In this paper we study a particle system for the viscous Burgers equations using a Monte-Carlo version of the above ; we consider N copies of the above stochastic flow , each driven by independent Wiener processes , and replace the expected value with $ \frac { 1 } { N } $ times the sum over these copies .
+4	In this setting the non-renormalisation of the metric on the Higgs branch implies constraints on the alpha ' corrections to the D7-brane effective action , including couplings to the curvature and five-form field strength .	We present a proposal for the description of the Higgs branch of four-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence .	We focus on a finite Sp ( N ) N=2 theory arising as dual of a configuration of N D3-branes in the vicinity of four D7-branes and an orientifold 7-plane in type I ' string theory .	The field theory contains hypermultiplets in the second rank anti-symmetric and in the fundamental representations .	The Higgs branch has a dual description in terms of gauge field configurations with non-zero instanton number on the world-volume of the D7-branes .
+0	We investigate positron annihilation in electron liquid as a case study for many-body theory , in particular the optimized Fermi Hypernetted Chain ( FHNC-EL ) method .	We examine several approximation schemes and show that one has to go up to the most sophisticated implementation of the theory available at the moment in order to get annihilation rates that agree reasonably well with experimental data .	Even though there is basically just one number to look at , the electron-positron pair distribution function at zero distance , it is exactly this number that dictates how the full pair distribution behaves : In most cases , it falls off monotonously towards unity as the distance increases .	Cases where the electron-positron pair distribution exhibits a dip are precursors to the formation of bound electron -- positron pairs .	The formation of electron-positron pairs is indicated by a divergence of the FHNC-EL equations , from this we can estimate the density regime where positrons must be localized .
+3	The significance one attaches to the phenomenon of decoherence depends on the school to which one belongs .	Theories of decoherence come in two flavors -- -Platonic and Aristotelian .	Platonists grant ontological primacy to the concepts and mathematical symbols by which we describe or comprehend the physical world .	Aristotelians grant it to the physical world .	The debate about the significance of quantum states has for the most part been carried on between Platonists and Kantians , who advocate an epistemic interpretation , with Aristotelians caught in the crossfire .
+3	These lower bounds depend on the entries of the matrix and not only on its support ( the zero/nonzero pattern ) , overcoming a limitation of some previous techniques .	Positive semidefinite rank ( PSD-rank ) is a relatively new quantity with applications to combinatorial optimization and communication complexity .	We first study several basic properties of PSD-rank , and then develop new techniques for showing lower bounds on the PSD-rank .	All of these bounds are based on viewing a positive semidefinite factorization of a matrix $ M $ as a quantum communication protocol .	We compare these new lower bounds with known bounds , and give examples where the new ones are better .
+0	We fabricated an etched hole quantum dot in a Si-doped ( 311 ) A AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure to study disorder effects via magnetoconductance fluctuations ( MCF ) at millikelvin temperatures .	Recent experiments in electron quantum dots have shown that the MCF is sensitive to the disorder potential created by remote ionised impurities .	We utilize this to study the temporal/thermal stability of Si acceptors in p-type AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures .	In particular , we use a surface gate to cause charge migration between Si acceptor sites at T = 40 mK , and detect the ensuing changes in the disorder potential using the MCF .	We show that Si acceptors are metastable at T = 40 mK and that raising the device to a temperature T = 4.2 K and returning to T = 40 mK is sufficient to produce complete decorrelation of the MCF .
+3	The knowledge of resonance frequencies in the linear domain is essential in the seismic design .	Large-scale seismic vulnerability assessment methods use simplified formulas and curves , often without providing uncertainties .	They are seldom compared to experimental data .	Therefore , we recorded ambient vibrations and estimated modal parameters ( resonance frequencies , modal shapes and damping ) of 60 buildings in Grenoble ( France ) of various types ( masonry and reinforced concrete ) .	Hence , we compared resonance frequency formulas given in the design code with this experimental data .
+4	Furthermore we find that the energy released during four plateaus are all on the same order of magnitude , but the luminosity decreases with time significantly .	As indicated by the observed X-ray flares , a great amount of energy could be intermediately released from the postburst central engine of gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) .	As a natural consequence , the GRB external shock could be energized over and over .	With such a multiple energy injection model , we explore the unique X-ray afterglow light curve of GRB 050712 , which exists four apparent shallow decay plateaus .	Together with three early X-ray flares , the central engine of GRB 050712 is supposed to release energy at least seven times after the burst .
+2	The amount of decoded information can be improved by increasing the equilibrium values of the two qubits and decreasing the ratio between longitudinal and transverse relaxation times .	Dynamics of coded information over Bloch channels is investigated for different values of the channel 's parameters .	We show that , the suppressing of the travelling coded information over Bloch channel can be increased by decreasing the equilibrium absolute value of information carrier and consequently decreasing the distilled information by eavesdropper .	The robustness of coded information in maximum and partial entangled states is discussed .	It is shown that the maximum entangled states are more robust than the partial entangled state over this type of channels .
+0	In usual superconductivity ( SC ) , the pairs have zero total momentum irrespective of their symmetry .	Staggered SC would involve , instead , pairs with a finite commensurate total momentum , but such exotic states have never been proven to be realized in nature .	Here we study for the first time the influence of particle-hole asymmetry on the competition of staggered SC with Charge Density Waves ( CDW ) in a ferromagnetic medium .	We obtain unprecedented situations in which CDW and staggered SC coexist .	We also obtain cases of a SC dome near the collapse of a CDW state as well as cascades of transitions that exhibit remarkable similarities with the pressure phase diagram in UGe $ _2 $ suggesting that SC in this material may be staggered coexisting and competing with a CDW state .
+1	This setting , known as contextual bandits , encompasses a wide variety of applications including health-care policy and Internet advertising .	We study decision making in environments where the reward is only partially observed , but can be modeled as a function of an action and an observed context .	A central task is evaluation of a new policy given historic data consisting of contexts , actions and received rewards .	The key challenge is that the past data typically does not faithfully represent proportions of actions taken by a new policy .	Previous approaches rely either on models of rewards or models of the past policy .
+1	The calculation is extended to various isotopes of Z=117 element , strarting from A=286 till A=310 .	We have calculated the binding energy , root-mean-square radius and quadrupole deformation parameter for the recently synthesized superheavy element Z=117 , using the axially deformed relativistic mean field ( RMF ) model .	We predict almost spherical structures in the ground state for almost all the isotopes .	A shape transition appears at about A=292 from prolate to a oblate shape structures of Z=117 nucleus in our mean field approach .	The most stable isotope ( largest binding energy per nucleon ) is found to be the $ ^ { 288 } $ 117 nucleus .
+1	For such a system there is at high temperatures an approximate scaling of global properties like the end-to-end distance and the interaction energy with the chain-length divided by the temperature .	We consider the thermodynamics of a uniformly charged polyelectrolyte with harmonic bonds .	This scaling is broken at low temperatures by the ultraviolet divergence of the Coulomb potential .	By introducing a renormalization of the strength of the nearest- neighbour interaction the scaling is restored , making possible an efficient blocking method for emulating very large polyelectrolytes using small systems .	The high temperature behaviour is well reproduced by the analytical high- $ T $ expansions even for fairly low temperatures and system sizes .
+1	It is based on the concept of fitness cloud and works by partitioning the cloud into a number of bins representing as many different regions of the fitness landscape .	Negative Slope Coefficient is an indicator of problem hardness that has been introduced in 2004 and that has returned promising results on a large set of problems .	The measure is calculated by joining the bins centroids by segments and summing all their negative slopes .	In this paper , for the first time , we point out a potential problem of the Negative Slope Coefficient : we study its value for different instances of the well known NK-landscapes and we show how this indicator is dramatically influenced by the minimum number of points contained into a bin .	Successively , we formally justify this behavior of the Negative Slope Coefficient and we discuss pros and cons of this measure .
+3	Spectral properties implied by $ ( e , e'p ) $ and $ ( p,2p ) $ reactions are correctly incorporated , including the energy distribution of about 10 % high-momentum nucleons , as experimentally determined by data from Jefferson Lab .	A comprehensive description of all single-particle properties associated with the nucleus $ { } ^ { 40 } $ Ca is generated by employing a nonlocal dispersive optical potential capable of simultaneously reproducing all relevant data above and below the Fermi energy .	The introduction of nonlocality in the absorptive potentials yields equivalent elastic differential cross sections as compared to local versions but changes the absorption profile as a function of angular momentum suggesting important consequences for the analysis of nuclear reactions .	Below the Fermi energy , nonlocality is essential to allow for an accurate representation of particle number and the nuclear charge density .	These high-momentum nucleons provide a substantial contribution to the energy of the ground state , indicating a residual attractive contribution from higher-body interactions for $ { } ^ { 40 } $ Ca of about 0.64 MeV/ $ A $ .
+4	In the limit of a vanishing integration time-step , the distribution of waiting times becomes closer to an exponential and , therefore , the continuous-time jump stochastic process is Markovian .	The Ehrenfest urn process , also known as the dogs and fleas model , is realistically simulated by molecular dynamics of the Lennard-Jones fluid .	The key variable is Delta z , i.e.the absolute value of the difference between the number of particles in one half of the simulation box and in the other half .	This is a pure-jump stochastic process induced , under coarse graining , by the deterministic time evolution of the atomic coordinates .	We discuss the Markov hypothesis by analyzing the statistical properties of the jumps and of the waiting times between jumps .
+3	Locating a resource or service efficiently is one of the most important issues related to peer-to-peer networks .	Peer-to-Peer systems are based on the concept of resources localization and mutualisation in dynamic context .	In specific environment such as mobile networks , characterized by high variability and dynamicity of network conditions and performances , where nodes can join and leave the network dynamically , resources reliability and availability constitute a critical issue .	The resource discovery problem arises in the context of peer to peer ( P2P ) networks , where at any point of time a peer may be placed at or removed from any location over a general purpose network .	The objective of a search mechanism is to successfully locate resources while incurring low overhead and low delay .
+2	We also allow for different parameterizations for the conditional distribution of the response variables given the latent traits - such as those adopted in the Graded Response model , in the Partial Credit model , and in the Rating Scale model - depending on both the type of link function and the constraints imposed on the item parameters .	We propose a class of Item Response Theory models for items with ordinal polytomous responses , which extends an existing class of multidimensional models for dichotomously-scored items measuring more than one latent trait .	In the proposed approach , the random vector used to represent the latent traits is assumed to have a discrete distribution with support points corresponding to different latent classes in the population .	For the proposed models we outline how to perform maximum likelihood estimation via the Expectation-Maximization algorithm .	Moreover , we suggest a strategy for model selection which is based on a series of steps consisting of selecting specific features , such as the number of latent dimensions , the number of latent classes , and the specific parametrization .
+1	In the first part of this paper , we prove that $ \rho $ is free and proper ( so that $ M $ splits topologically ) provided that $ ( M , g ) $ is strongly causal and $ \rho $ does not have what we call weakly ancestral pairs , a notion which admits a natural interpretation in terms of `` cosmic censorship '' .	We study the interplay between the global causal and geometric structures of a spacetime $ ( M , g ) $ and the features of a given smooth $ \mathbb { R } $ -action $ \rho $ on $ M $ whose orbits are all causal curves , building on classic results about Lie group actions on manifolds described by Palais .	Accordingly , such condition holds automatically if $ ( M , g ) $ is globally hyperbolic .	We also prove that $ M $ splits topologically if $ ( M , g ) $ is strongly causal and $ \rho $ is the flow of a complete conformal Killing causal vector field .	In the second part , we investigate the class of Brinkmann spacetimes , which can be regarded as null analogues of stationary spacetimes in which $ \rho $ is the flow of a complete parallel null vector field .
+4	We adopt a generalisation of the cobordism program to the higher rank situation by studying $ PU ( N ) $ monopoles .	A famous conjecture in gauge theory mathematics , attributed to Witten , suggests that the polynomial invariants of Donaldson are expressible in terms of the Seiberg-Witten invariants if the underlying four-manifold is of simple type .	Mathematicians have sought a proof of the conjecture by means of a `cobordism program ' involving $ PU ( 2 ) $ monopoles .	A higher rank version of the Donaldson invariants was recently introduced by Kronheimer .	Before being defined , the physicists Mari\~no and Moore had already suggested that there should be a generalisation of Witten 's conjecture to this type of invariants .
+4	The line of sight towards HD34078 intersects the outer part of one of the detected globulettes , which accounts for both the properties of diffuse UV light observed in the field and the numerous molecular absorption lines detected in HD34078 's spectra , including those from highly excited H2 .	Some runaway stars are known to display IR arc-like structures around them , resulting from their interaction with surrounding interstellar material .	The properties of these features as well as the processes involved in their formation are still poorly understood .	We aim at understanding the physical mechanisms that shapes the dust arc observed near the runaway O star AEAur ( HD34078 ) .	We obtained and analyzed a high spatial resolution map of the CO ( 1-0 ) emission that is centered on HD34078 , and that combines data from both the IRAM interferometer and 30m single-dish antenna .
+2	This question can be tackled either using Gr\ '' obner bases for modules over Ore algebras or by following the ideas from differential algebra and computing in commutative rings .	Linear exact modeling is a problem coming from system identification : Given a set of observed trajectories , the goal is find a model ( usually , a system of partial differential and/or difference equations ) that explains the data as precisely as possible .	The case of operators with constant coefficients is well studied and known in the systems theoretic literature , whereas the operators with varying coefficients were addressed only recently .	In this paper , we present algorithmic methods to compute `` most powerful unfalsified models '' ( MPUM ) and their counterparts with variable coefficients ( VMPUM ) for polynomial and polynomial-exponential signals .	We also study the structural properties of the resulting models , discuss computer algebraic techniques behind algorithms and provide several examples .
+0	The co-evolution of host galaxies and the active black holes which reside in their centre is one of the most important topics in modern observational cosmology .	Here we present a study of the properties of obscured Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) detected in the CDFS 1Ms observation and their host galaxies .	We limited the analysis to the MUSIC area , for which deep K-band observations obtained with ISAAC @ VLT are available , ensuring accurate identifications of the counterparts of the X-ray sources as well as reliable determination of photometric redshifts and galaxy parameters , such as stellar masses and star formation rates .	In particular , we : 1 ) refined the X-ray/infrared/optical association of 179 sources in the MUSIC area detected in the Chandra observation ; 2 ) studied the host galaxies observed and rest frame colors and properties .	We found that X-ray selected ( L_X & gt ; 10^ { 42 } erg s^ { -1 } ) AGN show Spitzer colors consistent with both AGN and starburst dominated infrared continuum ; the latter would not have been selected as AGN from infrared diagnostics .
+2	We correlated the opacity variations in the HI and HeII Lyman forest spectra with the locations of known quasars .	We report the discovery of the faint ( V=21.7 ) quasar QSO03027-0010 at z=2.808 in the vicinity of Q0302-003 , one of the few quasars observed with STIS to study intergalactic HeII absorption .	Together with another newly discovered QSO at z=2.29 , there are now 6 QSOs known near the line of sight towards Q0302-003 , of which 4 are located within the redshift region 2.76 & lt ; =z & lt ; =3.28 covered by the STIS spectrum .	There is no significant proximity effect in the HI Lyman alpha forest for any of the QSOs , except for the well-known line of sight effect for Q0302-003 itself .	By comparing the absorption properties in HI and HeII , we estimated the fluctuating hardness of the extragalactic UV radiation field along this line of sight .
+3	Specifically , three of the four GMCs ( NGC 6334 is the exception ) have mean field directions that are within 15 degrees of the plane .	We present results from the Austral Winter 2003 observing campaign of SPARO , a 450 micron polarimeter used with a two-meter telescope at South Pole .	We mapped large-scale magnetic fields in four Giant Molecular Clouds ( GMCs ) in the Galactic disk : NGC 6334 , the Carina Nebula , G333.6-0.2 and G331.5-0.1 .	We find a statistically significant correlation of the inferred field directions with the orientation of the Galactic plane .	The simplest interpretation is that the field direction tends to be preserved during the process of GMC formation .
+0	We study noncompact , complete , finite volume , Riemannian 4-manifolds $ M $ with sectional curvature $ -1 & lt ; K & lt ; 0 $ .	We prove that $ \pi_1 M $ can not be a 3-manifold group .	A classical theorem of Gromov says that $ M $ is homeomorphic to the interior of a compact manifold $ \M $ with boundary $ \partial\barM $ .	We show that for each $ \pi_1 $ -injective boundary component $ C $ of $ \M $ , the map $ i_* $ induced by inclusion $ i\colon C\rightarrow \M $ has infinite index image $ i_* ( \pi_1 C ) $ in $ \pi_1 \M $ .	We also prove that $ M $ can not be homotoped to be contained in $ \partial\M $ .
+4	We attempt to make the statistic more robust by removing clusters from the simulations using an automated cluster-removing routine , but this appears to reduce the discriminatory power of the statistic .	The velocity dispersion of galaxies on small scales ( $ r\sim1h^ { -1 } $ Mpc ) , $ \sigma_ { 12 } ( r ) $ , can be estimated from the anisotropy of the galaxy-galaxy correlation function in redshift space .	We apply this technique to `` mock-catalogs '' extracted from N-body simulations of several different variants of Cold Dark Matter dominated cosmological models to obtain results which may be consistently compared to similar results from observations .	We find a large variation in the value of $ \sigma_ { 12 } ( 1 h^ { -1 } Mpc ) $ in different regions of the same simulation .	We conclude that this statistic should not be considered to conclusively rule out any of the cosmological models we have studied .
+4	This calculation is motivated by an observation , made recently [ I. Cantat , K. Kassner , C. Misbah , and H. M\ '' uller-Krumbhaar , Phys.Rev .	Directional solidification of lamellar eutectic structures submitted to uniaxial stress is investigated .	In the spirit of an approximation first used by Jackson and Hunt , we calculate the stress tensor for a two-dimensional crystal with triangular surface , using a Fourier expansion of the Airy function .	crystal with triangular surface in contact with its melt , given that a uniaxial external stress is applied .	The effect of the resulting change in chemical potential is introduced into the standard model for directional solidification of a lamellar eutectic .
+0	We investigate the modal properties of inertial modes of rotating neutron stars with the core filled with neutron and proton superfluids , taking account of entrainment effects between the superfluids .	In this paper , the entrainment effects are modeled by introducing a parameter $ \eta $ so that no entrainment state is realized at $ \eta=0 $ .	We find that inertial modes of rotating neutron stars with the superfluid core are split into two families , which we call ordinary fluid inertial modes ( $ i^o $ -mode ) and superfluid inertial modes ( $ i^s $ -mode ) .	The two superfluids in the core counter-move for the $ i^s $ -modes .	For the $ i^o $ -modes , $ \kappa_0=\lim_ { \Omega\to 0 } \omega/\Omega $ is only weakly dependent on the entrainment parameter $ \eta $ , where $ \Omega $ and $ \omega $ are the angular frequency of rotation and the oscillation frequency observed in the corotating frame of the star , respectively .
+2	The pulse is allowed to have an arbitrarily large amplitude ( provided radiation damping and pair production are negligible ) and a wavelength comparable to the particle de Broglie wavelength .	We report a point-particle ponderomotive model of a Dirac electron oscillating in a high-frequency field .	Starting from the Dirac Lagrangian density , we derive a reduced phase-space Lagrangian that describes the relativistic time-averaged dynamics of such a particle in a geometrical-optics laser pulse propagating in vacuum .	The model captures the Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi ( BMT ) spin dynamics , the Stern-Gerlach spin-orbital coupling , the conventional ponderomotive forces , and the interaction with large-scale background fields .	Agreement with the BMT spin precesison equation is shown numerically .
+3	We show that when $ H $ is not regular , this spectrum can have positive measure in the complex plane , unlike the regular case .	A non-backtracking walk on a graph , $ H $ , is a directed path of directed edges of $ H $ such that no edge is the inverse of its preceding edge .	Non-backtracking walks of a given length can be counted using the non-backtracking adjacency matrix , $ B $ , indexed by $ H $ 's directed edges and related to Ihara 's Zeta function .	We show how to determine $ B $ 's spectrum in the case where $ H $ is a tree covering a finite graph .	We show that outside of $ B $ 's spectrum , the corresponding Green function has `` periodic decay ratios . ''
+0	We consider quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates .	In this context the T gate has a special status since it confers universal computation when added to the ( classically simulable ) Clifford gates .	However it can be very expensive to implement fault-tolerantly .	We therefore view this gate as a resource which should be used only when necessary .	Given an n-qubit unitary U we are interested in computing a circuit that implements it using the minimum possible number of T gates ( called the T-count of U ) .
+1	The problem includes the leader-following consensus problem of linear multi-agent systems with time-delay as a special case .	In this paper , we study the cooperative robust output regulation problem for linear uncertain multi-agent systems with both communication delay and input delay by the distributed internal model approach .	We first generalize the internal model design method to systems with both communication delay and input delay .	Then , under a set of standard assumptions , we have obtained the solution of the problem via both the state feedback control and the output feedback control .	In contrast with the existing results , our results apply to general uncertain linear multi-agent systems , accommodate a large class of leader signals , and achieve the asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection at the same time .
+4	The scaling is based on a model for strongly driven , nonlinear magnetic field diffusion into a plasma , which is a generalization of the laboratory findings .	The penetration of plasma clouds , or plasmoids , across abrupt magnetic barriers ( of the scale less than a few ion gyro radii , using the plasmoid directed velocity ) is studied .	The insight gained earlier , from experimental and computer simulation investigations of a case study , is generalised into other parameter regimes .	It is concluded for what parameters a plasmoid should be expected to penetrate the magnetic barrier through self-polarization , penetrate through magnetic expulsion , or be rejected from the barrier .	The scaling parameters are n ( e ) , v ( 0 ) , B ( perp ) , m ( i ) , T ( i ) , and the width w of the plasmoid .
+4	Then ( a+b ) *\prod_ { k=1 } ^ { ( N-1 ) /2 } k^ { 8k } is a p-th power modulo N. Furthermore we give a new proof which does n't use modular forms of a result of Calegari and Emerton .	Let N and p be two prime numbers & gt ; 3 such that p divides N-1 .	We estimate the p-rank of the class group of Q ( N^ ( 1/p ) ) in terms of the discrete logarithm , with values un F_p , of certain units .	Using the Gross -- Koblitz formula and identities on the N-adic Gamma function , we explicitly compute these logarithms .	A special case ( for which we do n't have an elementary proof ) of our formula is the following : assume there are some integers $ a $ , $ b $ such that N = ( a^p+b^p ) / ( a+b ) .
+2	This approach validates whether the software produces the desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy .	The validation of modern software systems incorporates both functional and quality requirements .	This paper proposes a validation approach for software quality requirement - its power consumption .	We present energy requirements and an approach for their validation using a power consumption model , test-case specification , software traces , and power measurements .	Three different approaches for power data gathering are described .
+1	We establish here a limit theory that strongly connects the two studies .	Pruning processes $ ( \mathcal { F } ( \theta ) , \theta\geq 0 ) $ have been studied separately for Galton-Watson trees and for L\'evy trees/forests .	This solves an open problem by Abraham and Delmas , also formulated as a conjecture by L\ '' ohr , Voisin and Winter .	Specifically , we show that for any sequence of Galton-Watson forests $ \mathcal { F } _n $ , $ n\geq 1 $ , in the domain of attraction of a L\'evy forest $ \mathcal { F } $ , suitably scaled pruning processes $ ( \mathcal { F } _n ( \theta ) , \theta\geq 0 ) $ converge in the Skorohod topology on cadlag functions with values in the space of ( isometry classes of ) locally compact real trees to limiting pruning processes .	We separately treat pruning at branch points and pruning at edges .
+0	The cross section for single K-shell ionization by a high-energy photon is evaluated in the next-to-leading order of the nonrelativistic perturbation theory with respect to the electron-electron interaction .	The screening corrections are of particular importance for light helium-like ions .	Even in the case of neutral He atom , our analytical predictions turn out to be in good agreement with the numerical calculations performed with the use of the sophisticated wave functions .	The universal high-energy behavior is studied for the ratio of double-to-single photoionization cross sections .	We also discuss the fast convergence of the perturbation theory over the reversed nuclear charge number 1/Z .
+1	We introduce Deep Sliding Shapes , a 3D ConvNet formulation that takes a 3D volumetric scene from a RGB-D image as input and outputs 3D object bounding boxes .	We focus on the task of amodal 3D object detection in RGB-D images , which aims to produce a 3D bounding box of an object in metric form at its full extent .	In our approach , we propose the first 3D Region Proposal Network ( RPN ) to learn objectness from geometric shapes and the first joint Object Recognition Network ( ORN ) to extract geometric features in 3D and color features in 2D .	In particular , we handle objects of various sizes by training an amodal RPN at two different scales and an ORN to regress 3D bounding boxes .	Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art by 13.8 in mAP and is 200x faster than the original Sliding Shapes .
+0	With localization techniques one can obtain general limit theorems for Toeplitz determinants with Fisher-Hartwig singularities from the asymptotics for any symbol with one singularity of general type .	There exists a family of these for which the determinants can be evaluated explicitly and their asymptotics determined .	But for the Wiener-Hopf analogue , although there are likely analogous localization techniques , there is not a single example known of a symbol with Fisher-Hartwig singularity for which the determinant can be evaluated explicitly .	In this paper we determine the asymptotics of Wiener-Hopf determinants for a symbol with one Fisher-Hartwig singularity of general type .	We do this by showing that it is asymptotically equal to a Toeplitz determinant with symbol having the corresponding singularity .
+0	In a recent Letter [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	103 , 097403 ( 2009 ) ] , we outlined a computational method to calculate the optical properties of structures with a spatially nonlocal dielectric function .	In this Article , we detail the full method , and verify it against analytical results for cylindrical nanowires .	Then , as examples of our method , we calculate the optical properties of Au nanostructures in one , two , and three dimensions .	We first calculate the transmission , reflection , and absorption spectra of thin films .
+2	In this paper , we complete the algebraic description of this resultant by showing that the multiplicity of the factors corresponding to the offset can be computed in advance .	It is well known that an implicit equation of the offset to a rational planar curve can be computed by removing the extraneous components of the resultant of two certain polynomials computed from the parametrization of the curve .	Furthermore , it is also well known that the implicit equation provided by the non-extraneous component of this resultant has at most two irreducible factors .	In particular , when the parametrization is proper , i.e.when the curve is just traced once by the parametrization , we prove that any factor corresponding to a simple component of the offset has multiplicity 1 , while the factor corresponding to the special component , if any , has multiplicity 2 .	Hence , if the parametrization is proper and there is no special component , the non-extraneous part of the resultant is square-free .
+3	Weighted TAP admits several $ 2 $ -approximation algorithms w.r.t .	In the Tree Augmentation Problem ( TAP ) the goal is to augment a tree $ T $ by a minimum size edge set $ F $ from a given edge set $ E $ such that $ T \cup F $ is $ 2 $ -edge-connected .	The best approximation ratio known for TAP is $ 1.5 $ .	In the more general Weighted TAP problem , $ F $ should be of minimum weight .	to the standard cut LP-relaxation , but for all of them the performance ratio of $ 2 $ is tight even for TAP .
+0	A mixture of solvent particles with short-range , directional interactions and solute particles with short-range , isotropic interactions that can bond multiple times is of fundamental interest in understanding liquids and colloidal mixtures .	Because of multi-body correlations predicting the structure and thermodynamics of such systems remains a challenge .	Earlier Marshall and Chapman developed a theory wherein association effects due to interactions multiply the partition function for clustering of particles in a reference hard-sphere system .	The multi-body effects are incorporated in the clustering process , which in their work was obtained in the absence of the bulk medium .	The bulk solvent effects were then modeled approximately within a second order perturbation approach .
+4	Using a pairwise treatment of the tunnel couplings for a 5 donor device with 30nm donor spacings , 120nm total chain length , we estimate the time scale required for adiabatic operation to be ~70ns , a time well within measured electron spin and estimated charge relaxation and times for phosphorus donors in silicon .	The use of adiabatic passage techniques to mediate particle transport through real space , rather than phase space is becoming an interesting possibility .	We have investigated the properties of Coherent Tunneling Adiabatic Passage ( CTAP ) with alternating tunneling matrix elements .	This geometry , not previously considered in the donor in silicon paradigm , provides an interesting route to long-range quantum transport .	We introduce simplified coupling protocols , and transient eigenspectra as well as a realistic gate design for this transport protocol .
+3	Experimental results are provided comparing the ion-blocking capability of the F-R-MHSP to that of the reversed-bias Micro-Hole & amp ; Strip Plate ( R-MHSP ) and the Gas Electron Multiplier ( GEM ) .	A new idea on electrostatic deviation and capture of back-drifting avalanche-ions in cascaded gaseous hole-multipliers is presented .	It involves a flipped reversed-bias Micro-Hole & amp ; Strip Plate ( F-R-MHSP ) element , the strips of which are facing the drift region of the multiplier .	The ions , originating from successive multiplication stages , are efficiently deviated and captured by such electrode .	Best ion-blocking results in cascaded hole-multipliers were reached with a detector having the F-R-MHSP as the first multiplication element .
+1	In order to maximize profits and reduce waste , providers have started to explore the role of oversubscribing cloud resources .	Rising trends in the number of customers turning to the cloud for their computing needs has made effective resource allocation imperative for cloud service providers .	However , the benefits of cloud-based oversubscription are not without inherent risks .	This paper attempts to unveil the incentives , risks , and techniques behind oversubscription in a cloud infrastructure .	Additionally , an overview of the current research that has been completed on this highly relevant topic is reviewed , and suggestions are made regarding potential avenues for future work .
+4	Our findings are in a good agreement with the previous studies from the exact diagonalization and the density-matrix renormalization group .	We investigate a two-leg Heisenberg spin ladder with cyclic four-spin exchange by exploiting a newly-developed tensor network algorithm .	The algorithm allows to efficiently compute the ground-state fidelity per lattice site , which enables us to establish the ground-state phase diagram for quantum lattice many-body systems .	The latter is based on the observation that , for an infinite-size system , any singularity on a ground-state fidelity surface characterizes a critical point , at which the system undergoes a phase transition .	For the two-leg Heisenberg spin-1/2 ladder with cyclic four-spin exchange , six different phases are identified : the ferromagnetic phase , the rung singlet phase , the staggered dimer phase , the scalar chirality phase , the dominant vector chirality region , and the dominant collinear spin region .
+1	Here we extend the single-wavelength FTF-theory to dual and multi-wavelength PSA-synthesis when several simultaneous laser-colors are present .	Synthesis of single-wavelength temporal phase-shifting algorithms ( PSA ) for interferometry is well-known and firmly based on the frequency transfer function ( FTF ) paradigm .	The FTF-based synthesis for dual-wavelength PSA ( DW-PSA ) is optimized for high signal-to-noise ratio and minimum number of temporal phase-shifted interferograms .	The DW-PSA synthesis herein presented may be used for interferometric contouring of discontinuous industrial objects .	Also DW-PSA may be useful for DW shop-testing of deep free-form aspheres .
+0	We present an extensive search for RR Lyrae stars in and around the ultra-faint Milky Way companions Segue 2 and Segue 3 .	The former ( M_V = -2.5 , Belokurov et al .	2009 ) appears to be an extremely faint dwarf galaxy companion of the Milky Way .	The latter ( M_V = 0.0 , Fadely et al .	2011 ) is among the faintest star clusters known .
+1	The consistent effective potential including the one-loop and the daisy diagrams of all boson and fermion fields is calculated .	The spontaneous generation of the magnetic and chromomagnetic fields at high temperature is investigated in the Standard Model .	The mixing of the generated fields due to the quark loop diagram is studied in detail .	It is found that the quark contribution increases the magnetic and chromomagnetic field strengths as compared with the separate generation of fields .	The magnetized vacuum state is stable due to the magnetic gauge field masses included in the daisy diagrams .
+4	We demonstrate how the framework can be used to estimate the reserve capacities in simulations with typical Swiss office buildings and different reserve product characteristics .	It has been shown that the heating , ventilation , and air conditioning ( HVAC ) systems of commercial buildings can offer ancillary services to power systems without loss of comfort .	In this paper , we propose a new control framework for reliable scheduling and provision of frequency reserves by aggregations of commercial buildings .	The framework incorporates energy-constrained frequency signals , which are adopted by several transmission system operators for loads and storage devices .	We use a hierarchical approach with three levels : ( i ) reserve capacities are allocated among buildings ( e.g. , on a daily basis ) using techniques from robust optimization , ( ii ) a robust model predictive controller optimizes the HVAC system consumption typically every 30 minutes , and ( iii ) a feedback controller adjusts the consumption to provide reserves in real time .
+2	We adapt and use recently developed techniques to compute such amplitudes as near-horizon quantities .	We compute the low energy decay rates of near-extremal three ( four ) charge black holes in five ( four ) dimensional N=4 string theory to sub-leading order in the large charge approximation .	This involves studying stringy corrections to scattering amplitudes of a scalar field off a black hole .	We then compare this with the corresponding calculation in the microscopic configuration carrying the same charges as the black hole .	We find perfect agreement between the microscopic and macroscopic calculations ; in the cases we study , the zero energy limit of the scattering cross section is equal to four times the Wald entropy of the black hole .
+1	In recent years it has become one of the most important hash table organizations since it uses the cache of modern computers very well .	Hashing with linear probing dates back to the 1950s , and is among the most studied algorithms .	Unfortunately , previous analysis rely either on complicated and space consuming hash functions , or on the unrealistic assumption of free access to a truly random hash function .	Already Carter and Wegman , in their seminal paper on universal hashing , raised the question of extending their analysis to linear probing .	However , we show in this paper that linear probing using a pairwise independent family may have expected { \em logarithmic } cost per operation .
+1	2006 ) , casting doubt into earlier claims supporting the former as a good tracer of such gas ( Gao & amp ; Solomon 2004 ; Wu et al.2006 ) .	It has been recently argued that the HCN J=1 -- 0 line emission may not be an unbiased tracer of dense molecular gas ( $ \rm n\ga 10^4 cm^ { -3 } $ ) in Luminous Infrared Galaxies ( LIRGs : $ \rm L_ { FIR } & gt ; 10^ { 11 } L_ { \odot } $ ) and HCO $ ^+ $ J=1 -- 0 may constitute a better tracer instead ( Graci\'a-Carpio et al .	In this paper new sensitive HCN J=4 -- 3 observations of four such galaxies are presented , revealing a surprisingly wide excitation range for their dense gas phase that may render the J=1 -- 0 transition from either species a poor proxy of its mass .	Moreover the well-known sensitivity of the HCO $ ^+ $ abundance on the ionization degree of the molecular gas ( an important issue omitted from the ongoing discussion about the relative merits of HCN and HCO $ ^+ $ as dense gas tracers ) may severely reduce the HCO $ ^+ $ abundance in the star-forming and highly turbulent molecular gas found in LIRGs , while HCN remains abundant .	This may result to the decreasing HCO $ ^+ $ /HCN J=1 -- 0 line ratio with increasing IR luminosity found in LIRGs , and casts doubts on the HCO $ ^+ $ rather than the HCN as a good dense molecular gas tracer .
+1	Assuming a relatively light SUSY scenario , and working in the MSSM , we show that , for c.m .	We consider the production , at future lepton colliders , of charged Higgs pairs in supersymmetric models .	energies in the one TeV range , a one-loop logarithmic Sudakov expansion that includes an `` effective '' next-to subleading order term is adequate to the expected level of experimental accuracy .	We consider then the coefficient of the linear ( subleading ) SUSY Sudakov logarithm and the SUSY next to subleading term of the expansion and show that their dependence on the supersymmetric parameters of the model is drastically different .	In particular the coefficient of the SUSY logarithm is only dependent on $ \tan\beta $ while the next to subleading term depends on a larger set of SUSY parameters .
+3	A focused gene set analysis suggests that some of the overall correlation can be explained by specific systems ; for example , an olfactory gene set is homophilic and an immune system gene set is heterophilic .	More than any other species , humans form social ties to individuals who are neither kin nor mates , and these ties tend to be with similar people .	Here , we show that this similarity extends to genotypes .	Across the whole genome , friends ' genotypes at the SNP level tend to be positively correlated ( homophilic ) ; however , certain genotypes are negatively correlated ( heterophilic ) .	Finally , homophilic genotypes exhibit significantly higher measures of positive selection , suggesting that , on average , they may yield a synergistic fitness advantage that has been helping to drive recent human evolution .
+3	In particular we show that when the universe is decelerating , information hidden behind the apparent horizon is de-scrambled as it re-enters the view of the observer .	Stationary observers in static spacetimes see falling objects spread exponentially fast , or fast-scramble , near event horizons .	We generalize this picture to arbitrary cosmological horizons .	We give examples of exponential fast-scrambling and power-law scrambling and `` de-scrambling '' as charges propagate freely near a horizon .	In contrast to the de Sitter case , the power-law scaling suggests that the microscopic dynamics of the horizon are local .
+0	The fabrication and performances of cantilevered probes with reduced parasitic capacitance starting from a commercial Si3N4 cantilever chip is presented .	Nanomachining and metal deposition induced by focused ion beam techniques were employed in order to modify the original insulating pyramidal tip and insert a conducting metallic tip .	Two parallel metallic electrodes deposited on the original cantilever arms are employed for tip biasing and as ground plane in order to minimize the electrostatic force due to the capacitive interaction between cantilever and sample surface .	Excitation spectra and force-to-distance characterization are shown with different electrode configurations .	Applications of this scheme in electrostatic force microscopy , Kelvin probe microscopy and local anodic oxidation is discussed .
+3	Here , we present a RTI system for localizing and tracking people outdoors .	RF sensor networks are used to localize people indoor without requiring them to wear invasive electronic devices .	These wireless mesh networks , formed by low-power radio transceivers , continuously measure the received signal strength ( RSS ) of the links .	Radio Tomographic Imaging ( RTI ) is a technique that generates 2D images of the change in the electromagnetic field inside the area covered by the radio transceivers to spot the presence and movements of animates ( e.g. , people , large animals ) or large metallic objects ( e.g. , cars ) .	Differently than in indoor environments where the RSS does not change significantly with time unless people are found in the monitored area , the outdoor RSS signal is time-variant , e.g. , due to rainfalls or wind-driven foliage .
+2	It is enunciated that many interesting features of spin-orbit coupled systems revealed theoretically can be understood in terms of coupling-induced modifications in statistical interparticle potential .	We establish through analytical and numerical studies of thermodynamic quantities for noninteracting atomic gases that the isotropic three-dimensional spin-orbit coupling , the Weyl coupling , induces interaction which counters `` effective '' attraction ( repulsion ) of the exchange symmetry present in zero-coupling Bose ( Fermi ) gas .	The exact analytical expressions for the grand potential and hence for several thermodynamic quantities have been obtained for this purpose in both uniform and trapped cases .	The temperature-dependence of the chemical potential , specific heat and isothermal compressibility for a uniform Bose gas is found to have signature of the incipient Bose-Einstein condensation in very weak coupling regime although the system does not really go in the Bose-condensed phase .	The transition temperature in harmonically trapped case decreases with increase of coupling strength consistent with the weakening of the statistical attractive interaction .
+0	We present a scheme for a photon-counting detection system that can be operated at incident photon rates higher than otherwise possible by suppressing the effects of detector deadtime .	The method uses an array of N detectors and a 1-by-N optical switch with a control circuit to direct input light to live detectors .	Our calculations and models highlight the advantages of the technique .	In particular , using this scheme , a group of N detectors provides an improvement in operation rate that can exceed the improvement that would be obtained by a single detector with deadtime reduced by 1/N , even if it were feasible to produce a single detector with such a large improvement in deadtime .	We model the system for continuous and pulsed light sources , both of which are important for quantum metrology and quantum key distribution applications .
+4	In this work we propose a new method to quantitatively estimate the extent of flavor symmetry breaking and better understand the nature of such breaking using Dalitz plot .	The light hadron states are satisfactorily described in the quark model using $ SU ( 3 ) $ flavor symmetry .	If the $ SU ( 3 ) $ flavor symmetry relating the light hadrons were exact , one would have an exchange symmetry between these hadrons arising out of the exchange of the up , down and strange quarks .	This aspect of $ SU ( 3 ) $ symmetry is used extensively to relate many decay modes of heavy quarks .	However , the nature of the effects of $ SU ( 3 ) $ breaking in such decays is not well understood and hence , a reliable estimate of $ SU ( 3 ) $ breaking effects is missing .
+2	In hep-th/0108184 , a quadratically divergent Fayet-Iliopoulos term was found at one loop in this theory .	In hep-ph/0011311 the one Higgs doublet standard model was obtained by an orbifold projection of a 5D supersymmetric theory in an essentially unique way , resulting in a prediction for the Higgs mass m_H = 127 \pm 8 GeV and for the compactification scale 1/R = 370 \pm 70 GeV .	The dominant one loop contribution to the Higgs potential was found to be finite , while the above uncertainties arose from quadratically divergent brane Z factors and from other higher loop contributions .	We show that the resulting uncertainties in the predictions for the Higgs boson mass and the compactification scale are small , about 25 % of the uncertainties quoted above , and hence do not affect the original predictions .	However , a tree level brane Fayet-Iliopoulos term could , if large enough , modify these predictions , especially for 1/R .
+2	In particular , Kat\v { e } tov showed that if $ \omega & lt ; \kappa = \kappa^ { & lt ; \kappa } $ , then there exists a $ \kappa $ -superuniversal $ K $ which is moreover $ \kappa $ -homogeneous , i.e.every isometry of a subspace $ Y\subseteq K $ with $ |Y| & lt ; \kappa $ can be extended to an isometry of the whole $ K $ .	For a cardinal $ \kappa & gt ; \omega $ a metric space $ X $ is called to be $ \kappa $ -superuniversal whenever for every metric space $ Y $ with $ |Y| & lt ; \kappa $ every partial isometry from a subset of $ Y $ into $ X $ can be extended over the whole space $ Y $ .	Examples of such spaces were given by Hechler [ 1 ] and Kat\v { e } tov [ 2 ] .	In connection of this W. Kubi\ 's suggested that there should also exist a $ \kappa $ -superuniversal space that is not $ \kappa $ -homogeneous .	In this paper there is shown that for every cardinal $ \kappa $ there exists a $ \kappa $ -superuniversal space which is rigid , i.e.has exactly one isometry , namely the identity .
+2	This `` New Cosmology '' greatly extends the highly successful hot big-bang model .	Over the past three years we have determined the basic features of our Universe .	It is spatially flat ; accelerating ; comprised of 1/3 a new form of matter , 2/3 a new form of energy , with some ordinary matter and a dash of massive neutrinos ; and it apparently began from a great burst of expansion ( inflation ) during which quantum noise was stretched to astrophysical size seeding cosmic structure .	Now we have to make sense of it .	What is the dark matter particle ?
+0	If a primordial magnetic field ( PMF ) is present during photon decoupling and afterward , a finite neutrino mass can affect all modes of the CMB .	In this work , we expand on earlier studies of the scalar mode effects by constructing the vector and tensor mode equations in the presence of massive neutrinos and a PMF .	We compute the power spectrum of the various modes in an illustrative example and find that the neutrino mass can significantly affect the vector and tensor modes when a PMF exists , while the effects are negligible for no PMF .	The most prominent result of the present analysis is the behavior of the EE component of the tensor mode at low multipoles .	For massive neutrinos the EE mode can become comparable to the observed primary anisotropy .
+1	The particle addition operators commute with each other , but in general these operators need not be diagonalizable .	We study the steady state of the abelian sandpile models with stochastic toppling rules .	We use their abelian algebra to determine their eigenvalues , and the Jordan block structure .	These are then used to determine the probability of different configurations in the steady state .	We illustrate this procedure by explicitly determining the numerically exact steady state for a one dimensional example , for systems of size $ \le12 $ , and also study the density profile in the steady state .
+1	The main novelty of the approach is that it allows to treat generic intrachain repulsive interactions of arbitrary strength .	An effective low energy field theory is developed for a system of two chains .	The chains are coupled by a direct tunneling and four-fermion interactions .	At low energies the individual chains are described as Luttinger liquids with an arbitrary ratio of spin $ v_s $ and charge $ v_c $ velocities .	A judicious choice of the basis for the decoupled chains greatly simplifies the description and allows one to separate high and low energy degrees of freedom .
+2	We present common large aperture photometry at radio through X-ray wavelengths , and spectral energy distributions ( SEDs ) for a sample of 53 nearby LIRGs and 11 ULIRGs spanning log ( LIR/Lsun ) = 11.14-12.57 from the flux-limited Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey ( GOALS ) .	Luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies ( ( U ) LIRGs ) are the most extreme star forming galaxies in the universe .	The local ( U ) LIRGs provide a unique opportunity to study their multi-wavelength properties in detail for comparison to their more numerous counterparts at high redshifts .	The SEDs for all objects are similar in that they show a broad , thermal stellar peak and a dominant FIR thermal dust peak , where nuLnu ( 60um ) / nuLnu ( V ) increases from ~2-30 with increasing LIR .	When normalized at IRAS-60um , the largest range in the luminosity ratio , R ( lambda ) =log [ nuLnu ( lambda ) /nuLnu ( 60um ) ] observed over the full sample is seen in the Hard X-rays ( HX=2-10 keV ) .
+0	In 1964 , G.J .	Stigler introduced a stochastic model for the evolution of an order book on a stock market .	This model was independently rediscovered and generalized by H. Luckock in 2003 .	In his formulation , traders place buy and sell limit orders of unit size according to independent Poisson processes with possibly different intensities .	Newly arriving buy ( sell ) orders are either immediately matched to the best available matching sell ( buy ) order or stay in the order book until a matching order arrives .
+2	We then explain how to find all the complex roots of the polynomial systems for arbitrary generic games , by polyhedral homotopy continuation starting from the solutions to the specially constructed games .	The set of Nash equilibria of a finite game is the set of nonnegative solutions to a system of polynomial equations .	In this survey article we describe how to construct certain special games and explain how to find all the complex roots of the corresponding polynomial systems , including all the Nash equilibria .	We describe the use of Groebner bases to solve these polynomial systems and to learn geometric information about how the solution set varies with the payoff functions .	Finally , we review the use of the Gambit software package to find all Nash equilibria of a finite game .
+4	The Keppler limit can be attained only by the convective HMRI mode provided that the boundaries are perfectly conducting .	This paper presents the analysis of axisymmetric helical magnetorotational instability ( HMRI ) in the inviscid limit , which is relevant for astrophysical conditions .	The inductionless approximation defined by zero magnetic Prandtl number is adopted to distinguish the HMRI from the standard MRI in the cylindrical Taylor-Couette flow subject to a helical magnetic field .	Using a Chebyshev collocation method convective and absolute instability thresholds are computed in terms of the Elsasser number for a fixed ratio of inner and outer radii \lambda=2 and various ratios of rotation rates and helicities of the magnetic field .	It is found that the extension of self-sustained HMRI modes beyond the Rayleigh limit does not reach the astrophysically relevant Keplerian rotation profile not only in the narrow- but also in the finite-gap approximation .
+3	It is also shown that by requiring the magnitude of $ \vec R $ to depend on its direction in a particular way , one can solve the Schreodinger equation exactly .	Time-dependent unitary transformations are used to study the Schreodinger equation for explicitly time-dependent Hamiltonians of the form $ H ( t ) =\vec R ( t ) .\vec J $ , where $ \vec R $ is an arbitrary real vector-valued function of time and $ \vec J $ is the angular momentum operator .	The solution of the Schreodinger equation for the most general Hamiltonian of this form is shown to be equivalent to the special case $ \vec R= ( 1,0 , \nu ( t ) ) $ .	This corresponds to the problem of driven two-level atom for the spin half representation of $ \vec J $ .	In particular , it is shown that for every Hamiltonian of the form $ H ( t ) =\vec R ( t ) \cdot \vec J $ there is another Hamiltonian with the same eigenstates for which the Schreodinger equation is exactly solved .
+0	We used the flux calibrated images through the Broad Band Filter Imager and Stokes Polarimeter data obtained with the Solar Optical Telescope onboard the Hinode spacecraft to study the properties of bright points in and around the sunspots .	The well isolated bright points were selected and classified as umbral dot , peripheral umbral dot , penumbral grains and G-band bright point depending on their location .	Most of the bright points are smaller than about 150 km .	The larger points are mostly associated with the penumbral features .	The bright points are not uniformly distributed over the umbra but preferentially located around the penumbral boundary and in the fast decaying parts of umbra .
+3	A wavelet analysis ( WA ) can be used to achieve this smearing effect .	The first part of our analysis uses the wavelet method to compare the Quantum Chromodynamic ( QCD ) prediction for the ratio of hadronic to muon cross sections in electron-positron collisions , $ R $ , with experimental data for $ R $ over a center of mass energy range up to about 7 GeV .	A direct comparison of the raw experimental data and the QCD prediction is difficult because the data have a wide range of structures and large statistical errors and the QCD description contains sharp quark-antiquark thresholds .	However , a meaningful comparison can be made if a type of `` smearing '' procedure is used to smooth out rapid variations in both the theoretical and experimental values of $ R $ .	The second part of the analysis we concentrate on the 3.0 - 6.0 GeV energy region containing the relatively wide charmonium resonances $ \psi ( 1^- ) $ .
+1	By matching theoretical spectra to observed spectra around the Balmer jump at about 3646A , we determine electron temperatures and densities for 48 Galactic PNe .	A method is presented to derive electron temperatures and densities of planetary nebulae ( PNe ) simultaneously , using the observed hydrogen recombination spectrum , which includes continuum and line emission .	The electron temperatures based on this method are found to be systematically lower than those derived from [ O III ] 4959/4363 and [ O III ] ( 88\mu+52\mu ) /4959 ratios .	And the electron densities based on this method are found to be systematically higher than those derived from forbidden line ratios .	These results suggest that temperature and density fluctuations are generally present within nebulae .
+3	We consider the probability of successful transmission in an interference limited channel when fading is modeled as Rayleigh .	In the analysis of large random wireless networks , the underlying node distribution is almost ubiquitously assumed to be the homogeneous Poisson point process .	In this paper , the node locations are assumed to form a Poisson clustered process on the plane .	We derive the distributional properties of the interference and provide upper and lower bounds for its CCDF .	We provide a numerically integrable expression for the outage probability and closed-form upper and lower bounds.We show that when the transmitter-receiver distance is large , the success probability is greater than that of a Poisson arrangement .
+4	The issue of hyperfine splitting for different choices of the clover coefficients obtained by Klassen is discussed .	We present our final results of the charmonium spectrum in quenched QCD on anisotropic lattices .	Simulations are made with the plaquette gauge action and a tadpole improved clover quark action employing $ \xi = a_s/a_t = 3 $ .	We calculate the spectrum of S- and P-states and their excitation , and study the scaling behavior of mass splittings .	Comparison is made with the experiment and previous lattice results .
+4	Existing approachability algorithms rely on the primal condition and essentially require to compute at each stage a projection direction from a given point to $ S $ .	Approachability theory , introduced by Blackwell ( 1956 ) , provides fundamental results on repeated games with vector-valued payoffs , and has been usefully applied since in the theory of learning in games and to learning algorithms in the online adversarial setup .	Given a repeated game with vector payoffs , a target set $ S $ is approachable by a certain player ( the agent ) if he can ensure that the average payoff vector converges to that set no matter what his adversary opponent does .	Blackwell provided two equivalent sets of conditions for a convex set to be approachable .	The first ( primary ) condition is a geometric separation condition , while the second ( dual ) condition requires that the set be { \em non-excludable } , namely that for every mixed action of the opponent there exists a mixed action of the agent ( a { \em response } ) such that the resulting payoff vector belongs to $ S $ .
+4	Under the assumption that these are spheroidal galaxies , our velocity dispersions give estimated masses about a factor of 3 smaller .	From a search of a portion of the sky covered by the SDSS and UKIDSS databases , we have located 2 galaxies at z~0.5 that have properties similar to those of the luminous passive compact galaxies found at z~2.5 .	From Keck moderate-resolution spectroscopy and laser-guided adaptive-optics imaging of these galaxies , we can begin to put together a more detailed picture of what their high-redshift counterparts might be like .	Spectral-synthesis models that fit the u to K photometry also seem to give good fits to the spectral features .	From these models , we estimate masses in the range of 3-4 10^11 M_sun for both galaxies .
+1	Lame function is applicable to diverse areas such as boundary value problems in ellipsoidal geometry , chaotic Hamiltonian systems , the theory of Bose-Einstein condensates , etc .	Lame equation arises from deriving Laplace equation in ellipsoidal coordinates ; in other words , it 's called ellipsoidal harmonic equation .	By applying generating function into modern physics ( quantum mechanics , thermodynamics , black hole , supersymmetry , special functions , etc ) , we are able to obtain the recursion relation , a normalization constant for the wave function and expectation values of any physical quantities .	For the case of hydrogen-like atoms , generating function of associated Laguerre polynomial has been used in order to derive expectation values of position and momentum .	By applying integral forms of Lame polynomial in the Weierstrass 's form in which makes B_n term terminated [ 29 ] , I consider generating function of it including all higher terms of A_n 's .
+2	In order to address these important questions , a GF305 indicator peach tree was infected with a single variant of the Avsunviroidae family member Peach latent mosaic viroid ( PLMVd ) .	Viroids are small circular single-stranded infectious RNAs that are characterized by a relatively high mutation level .	Knowledge of their sequence heterogeneity remains largely elusive , and , as yet , no strategy attempting to address this question from a population dynamics point of view is in place .	Six months post-inoculation , full-length circular conformers of PLMVd were isolated , deep-sequenced and the resulting sequences analyzed using an original bioinformatics scheme specifically designed and developed in order to evaluate the richness of a given the sequence 's population .	Two distinct libraries were analyzed , and yielded 1125 and 1061 different PLMVd variants respectively , making this study the most productive to date ( by more than an order of magnitude ) in terms of the reporting of novel viroid sequences .
+1	Three magnetic transitions observed in zero magnetic field are tracked in fields applied along different crystallographic directions using magnetization , heat capacity , and magnetostriction measurements .	Isotropic and anisotropic magnetic behavior of the frustrated spin chain compound $ \beta $ -TeVO $ _4 $ is reported .	Qualitatively different temperature-field diagrams are obtained below 10 T for the field applied along $ a $ or $ b $ and along $ c $ , respectively .	In contrast , a nearly isotropic high-field phase emerges above 18 T and persists up to the saturation that occurs around 22.5 T. Upon cooling in low fields , the transitions at $ T_ { \rm N1 } $ and $ T_ { \rm N2 } $ toward the spin-density-wave and stripe phases are of the second order , whereas the transition at $ T_ { \rm N3 } $ toward the helical state is of the first order and entails a lattice component .	Our microscopic analysis identifies frustrated $ J_1-J_2 $ spin chains with a sizable antiferromagnetic interchain coupling in the $ bc $ plane and ferromagnetic couplings along the $ a $ direction .
+1	Monitoring of M87 with the Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory during 2002-2003 , has found month-timescale optical variability in both the nucleus and HST-1 , a knot in the jet 0.82 '' from the nucleus .	A previously inconspicuous knot in the M87 jet has undergone a dramatic outburst and now exceeds the nucleus in optical and X-ray luminosity .	We discuss the behavior of the variability timescales as well as spectral energy distribution of both components .	In the nucleus , we see nearly energy-independent variability behavior .	Knot HST-1 , however , displays weak energy dependence in both X-ray and optical bands , but with nearly comparable rise/decay timescales at 220 nm and 0.5 keV .
+1	We propose to use hysteresis behavior in a 1D system of nonlinear nanoresonators in order to achieve the NRB ; the nonlinearity is provided by saturation of a two-level quantum system coupled with the nanoresonators ( nanolaser/spaser con ? guration ) .	The plasmonic structures exhibiting narrowband resonances ( NBR ) are of a great interest for various applications .	Quantum Dots ( QD ) were assumed as quantum systems ; their numerical parameters have been adopted for estimations .	Role of the loss compensation on the quality of the NBR is shown for below ( under compensation ) and above threshold ( generating spasers ) operation modes .	Amplitude and phase detection schemes of the prospective experimental realization are compared using the developed model .
+2	Our absorption data are consistent with the presence of a diffuse gas component , dominating the observed opacity , and a dense component , accounting for most of the mass .	A detailed study of the absorbing molecular clouds towards the radio source PKS1413+135 , at a redshift z=0.247 , is reported .	Physical conditions are derived for the molecular gas in the frame work of two models : a homogeneous multicomponent model with equal filling factors , and a two-phase medium consisting of dense clumps embedded in a more diffuse component .	We show that without knowledge of the small scale structure of the absorbing molecular gas , we can only derive lower limits to the column density .	We find that the opacity ratio between two absorbing components in CO has varied by a factor 2.3 \pm 0.3 .
+2	We discuss the disk-integrated polarization for phase angles typical of extrasolar planet observations and for the limb polarization effect observable for solar system objects near opposition .	We investigate the intensity and polarization of reflected light from planetary atmospheres .	We present a large grid of Monte Carlo simulations for planets with Rayleigh scattering atmospheres .	The main parameters investigated are single scattering albedo , optical depth of the scattering layer , and albedo of an underlying Lambert surface for a homogeneous Rayleigh scattering atmosphere .	We also investigate atmospheres with isotropic scattering and forward scattering aerosol particles , as well as models with two scattering layers .
+0	Side-channel attacks currently constitute the main challenge for quantum key distribution ( QKD ) to bridge theory with practice .	So far two main approaches have been introduced to address this problem , ( full ) device-independent QKD and measurement-device-independent QKD .	Here we present a third solution that might exceed the performance and practicality of the previous two in circumventing detector side-channel attacks , which arguably is the most hazardous part of QKD implementations .	Our proposal has , however , one main requirement : the legitimate users of the system need to ensure that their labs do not leak any unwanted information to the outside .	The security in the low-loss regime is guaranteed , while in the high-loss regime we already prove its robustness against some eavesdropping strategies .
+2	In a previous paper , we studied the color-singlet contributions to the endpoint , but neglected operator mixing , arguing that it should be a numerically small effect .	We study the evolution of flavor-singlet , light-cone amplitudes in the soft-collinear effective theory ( SCET ) , and reproduce results previously obtained by a different approach .	We apply our calculation to the color-singlet contribution to the photon endpoint in radiative Upsilon decay .	Nevertheless the mixing needs to be included in a consistent calculation , and we do just that in this work .	We find that the effects of mixing are indeed numerically small .
+2	In order to interconnect such networks over long distances , optical satellite communication is the method of choice .	By harnessing quantum effects , we nowadays can use encryption that is in principle proven to withstand any conceivable attack .	These fascinating quantum features have been implemented in metropolitan quantum networks around the world .	Standard telecommunication components allow one to efficiently implement quantum communication by measuring field quadratures ( continuous variables ) .	This opens the possibility to adapt our Laser Communication Terminals ( LCTs ) to quantum key distribution ( QKD ) .
+4	As a by-product we obtain non-trivial thermodynamic equations for the interacting system of two-dimensional phonons .	We discuss an integrable model describing one-dimensional electrons interacting with two-dimensional anharmonic phonons .	In the low temperature limit it is possible to decouple phonons and consider one-dimensional excitations separately .	They have a trivial two-body scattering matrix and obey fractional statistics .	As far as we know the original model presents the first example of a model with local bare interactions generating purely statistical interactions between renormalized particles .
+2	( 2015 ) 2015:312 ; Adv .	In this note we communicate some important remarks about the concepts of almost periodic time scales and almost periodic functions on time scales that are proposed by Wang and Agarwal in their recent papers ( Adv .	Difference Equ .	Difference Equ .	( 2015 ) 2015:296 ; Math.Meth.Appl.Sci .
+0	Recurrence plots exhibit line structures which represent typical behaviour of the investigated system .	The local slope of these line structures is connected with a specific transformation of the time scales of different segments of the phase-space trajectory .	This provides us a better understanding of the structures occuring in recurrence plots .	The relationship between the time-scales and line structures are of practical importance in cross recurrence plots .	Using this relationship within cross recurrence plots , the time-scales of differently sampled or time-transformed measurements can be adjusted .
+3	In our experiment design , artists can choose freely what and how to model .	Targeted user studies are often employed to measure how well artists can perform specific tasks .	But these studies can not properly describe editing workflows as wholes , since they guide the artists both by choosing the tasks and by using simplified interfaces .	In this paper , we investigate digital sculpting workflows used to produce detailed models .	We recover whole-workflow trends with sophisticated statistical analyzes and validate these trends with goodness-of-fits measures .
+1	The abscissa arises naturally when controlling linear differential equations .	Given a univariate polynomial , its abscissa is the maximum real part of its roots .	As a function of the polynomial coefficients , the abscissa is H { \ '' o } lder continuous , and not locally Lipschitz in general , which is a source of numerical difficulties for designing and optimizing control laws .	In this paper we propose simple approximations of the abscissa given by polynomials of fixed degree , and hence controlled complexity .	Our approximations are computed by a hierarchy of finite-dimensional convex semidefinite programming problems .
+0	We present 0.8 to 2.4 micron spectral observations of uranian satellites , obtained at IRTF/SpeX on 17 nights during 2001-2005 .	The spectra reveal for the first time the presence of CO2 ice on the surfaces of Umbriel and Titania , by means of 3 narrow absorption bands near 2 microns .	Several additional , weaker CO2 ice absorptions have also been detected .	No CO2 absorption is seen in Oberon spectra , and the strengths of the CO2 ice bands decline with planetocentric distance from Ariel through Titania .	We use the CO2 absorptions to map the longitudinal distribution of CO2 ice on Ariel , Umbriel , and Titania , showing that it is most abundant on their trailing hemispheres .
+2	Then , we define an invariant $ \Theta ( G , H ) $ for a given pair $ ( G , H ) $ by the $ k $ -wreath determinant of the matrix $ X $ , where $ k $ is the index of $ H $ in $ G $ .	The aim of the present paper is to generalize the notion of the group determinants for finite groups .	For a finite group $ G $ of order $ kn $ and its subgroup $ H $ of order $ n $ , one may define an $ n $ by $ kn $ matrix $ X= ( x_ { hg^ { -1 } } ) _ { h\in H , g\in G } $ , where $ x_g $ ( $ g\in G $ ) are indeterminates indexed by the elements in $ G $ .	The $ k $ -wreath determinant of $ n $ by $ kn $ matrix is a relative invariant of the left action by the general linear group of order $ k $ and right action by the wreath product of two symmetric groups of order $ k $ and $ n $ .	Since the definition of $ \Theta ( G , H ) $ is ordering-sensitive , representation theory of symmetric groups are naturally involved .
+4	One is the relation between quantum error correction codes and spin glass models , which allows us to analyze the performances of quantum error correction codes by using the knowledge about phases in statistical models .	This is a short review on an interdisciplinary field of quantum information science and statistical mechanics .	We first give a pedagogical introduction to the stabilizer formalism , which is an efficient way to describe an important class of quantum states , the so-called stabilizer states , and quantum operations on them .	Furthermore , graph states , which are a class of stabilizer states associated with graphs , and their applications for measurement-based quantum computation are also mentioned .	Based on the stabilizer formalism , we review two interdisciplinary topics .
+0	Recent studies suggest that the cosmological constant affects the gravitational bending of photons although the orbital equation for light in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space time is free from cosmological constant .	Here we argued that the very notion of cosmological constant independency of photon orbit in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter space time is not proper .	Consequently the cosmological constant has some clear contribution to the deflection angle of light rays .	We stressed the importance of the study of photon trajectories from the reference objects in bending calculation , particularly for asymptotically non-flat space-time .	When such an aspect is taken in to consideration the contribution of cosmological constant to the effective bending is found to depend on the distances of the source and the reference objects .
+3	Using previous results by Kapralov , Khanna , and Sudan ( 2014 ) we obtain a $ \mathrm { polylog } ( n ) $ approximation for general graphs using $ \mathrm { polylog } ( n ) $ space in random order streams , respectively .	This paper presents an algorithm for estimating the weight of a maximum weighted matching by augmenting any estimation routine for the size of an unweighted matching .	The algorithm is implementable in any streaming model including dynamic graph streams .	We also give the first constant estimation for the maximum matching size in a dynamic graph stream for planar graphs ( or any graph with bounded arboricity ) using $ \tilde { O } ( n^ { 4/5 } ) $ space which also extends to weighted matching .	In addition , we give a space lower bound of $ \Omega ( n^ { 1-\varepsilon } ) $ for any randomized algorithm estimating the size of a maximum matching up to a $ 1+O ( \varepsilon ) $ factor for adversarial streams .
+2	In order to investigate the treatment and the impact of injected bone cement , an integrated modelling and simulation framework has been developed .	The minimal invasive procedure of vertebroplasty is a surgical technique to treat compression fractures of vertebral bodies .	During the treatment , liquid bone cement gets injected into the affected vertebral body and therein cures to a solid .	The framework includes ( i ) the generation of microstructural computer models based on microCT images of human cancellous bone , ( ii ) computational fluid dynamics ( CFD ) simulations of bone cement injection into the trabecular structure and ( iii ) non-linear finite element ( FE ) simulations of the subsequent bone cement curing .	A detailed description of the material behaviour of acrylic bone cements is provide d for both simulation stages .
+0	We study the far-infrared ( IR ) and sub-millimeter properties of a sample of ultraviolet ( UV ) selected galaxies at z\sim1.5 .	Using stacking at 250 , 350 and 500 um from Herschel Space Observatory SPIRE imaging of the COSMOS field obtained within the HerMES key program , we derive the mean IR luminosity as a function of both UV luminosity and slope of the UV continuum beta .	The IR to UV luminosity ratio is roughly constant over most of the UV luminosity range we explore .	We also find that the IR to UV luminosity ratio is correlated with beta .	We observe a correlation that underestimates the correlation derived from low-redshift starburst galaxies , but is in good agreement with the correlation derived from local normal star-forming galaxies .
+1	To demonstrate this , we show that the shape of the gluon asymmetry , A ( x , t ) =Delta G ( x , t ) /G ( x , t ) , contains significant dynamical information about non-perturbative spin-orbit effects .	Measurements involving the gluon spin density , Delta G=G++ - G+- , can play an important role in the quantitative understanding of proton structure .	It is instructive to use a separation A ( x , t ) =A_0^epsilon ( x ) +epsilon ( x , t ) , where A_0^epsilon ( x ) is an approximately scale-invariant form that can be calculated within a given factorization prescription from the measured distributions Delta q ( x , t ) , q ( x , t ) and G ( x , t ) .	Applying this separation with the J_z=1/2 sum rule provides a convenient way to determine the total amount of orbital angular momentum generated by mechanisms associated with confinement and chiral dynamics .	The results are consistent with alternate non-perturbative approaches to the determination of orbital angular momentum in the proton .
+4	We connect these results with NMR spin echo experiments .	In Echo experiments , imperfect time-reversal operations are performed on a subset of the total number of degrees of freedom .	To capture the physics of these experiments , we introduce a partial fidelity , the Boltzmann echo , where only part of the system 's degrees of freedom can be time-reversed .	We present a semiclassical calculation of the Boltzmann echo .	We show that , as the time-reversal operation is performed more and more accurately , the decay rate of the Boltzmann echo saturates at a value given by the decoherence rate of the controlled degrees of freedom due to their coupling to uncontrolled ones .
+4	Since prediction is commonly thought to be harder than testing , it might come as a surprise to some that solving a harder problem does not create a information-theoretic bottleneck for the easier one .	When data analysts train a classifier and check if its accuracy is significantly different from random guessing , they are implicitly and indirectly performing a hypothesis test ( two sample testing ) and it is of importance to ask whether this indirect method for testing is statistically optimal or not .	Given that hypothesis tests attempt to maximize statistical power subject to a bound on the allowable false positive rate , while prediction attempts to minimize statistical risk on future predictions on unseen data , we wish to study whether a predictive approach for an ultimate aim of testing is prudent .	We formalize this problem by considering the two-sample mean-testing setting where one must determine if the means of two Gaussians ( with known and equal covariance ) are the same or not , but the analyst indirectly does so by checking whether the accuracy achieved by Fisher 's LDA classifier is significantly different from chance or not .	Unexpectedly , we find that the asymptotic power of LDA 's sample-splitting classification accuracy is actually minimax rate-optimal in terms of problem-dependent parameters .
+3	Besides the usual conservation laws , a less popular symmetry is analyzed : the symmetry associated with the linear superposition of solutions , whenever applicable .	A didactic and systematic derivation of Noether point symmetries and conserved currents is put forward in special relativistic field theories , without a priori assumptions about the transformation laws .	Given the Lagrangian density , the invariance condition develops as a set of partial differential equations determining the symmetry transformation .	The solution is provided in the case of real scalar , complex scalar , free electromagnetic , and charged electromagnetic fields .	The role of gauge invariance is emphasized .
+2	This review reports on the current status of automatic calculation of Feynman diagrams in particle physics .	Quantum corrections significantly influence the quantities observed in modern particle physics .	The corresponding theoretical computations are usually quite lengthy which makes their automation mandatory .	The most important theoretical techniques are introduced and their usefulness is demonstrated with the help of simple examples .	A survey over frequently used programs and packages is provided , discussing their abilities and fields of applications .
+4	The system does not impose constraints in the appearance of objects ( textured , untextured ) nor in the modelling setup ( moving camera with static object or a turn-table setup ) .	This work presents a flexible system to reconstruct 3D models of objects captured with an RGB-D sensor .	A major advantage of the method is that our reconstruction pipeline allows the user to acquire a full 3D model of the object .	This is achieved by acquiring several partial 3D models in different sessions that are automatically merged together to reconstruct a full model .	In addition , the 3D models acquired by our system can be directly used by state-of-the-art object instance recognition and object tracking modules , providing object-perception capabilities for different applications , such as human-object interaction analysis or robot grasping .
+0	The isospin violating dark matter ( IVDM ) scenario offers an interesting possibility to reconcile conflicting results among direct dark matter search experiments for a mass range around 10 GeV .	We consider two simple renormalizable IVDM models with a complex scalar dark matter and a Dirac fermion dark matter , respectively , whose stability is ensured by the conservation of `` dark matter number '' .	Although both models successfully work as the IVDM scenario with destructive interference between effective couplings to proton and neutron , the dark matter annihilation cross section is found to exceed the cosmological/astrophysical upper bounds .	Then , we propose a simple scenario to reconcile the IVDM scenario with the cosmological/astrophysical bounds , namely , the IVDM being asymmetric .	Assuming a suitable amount of dark matter asymmetry has been generated in the early Universe , the annihilation cross section beyond the cosmological/astrophysical upper bound nicely works to dramatically reduce the anti-dark matter relic density and as a result , the constraints from dark matter indirect searches are avoided .
+3	We shall reformulate and generalize Mazur 's problem in the light of transcendence theory and shall derive conclusions in the direction of the conjecture .	The purpose of this paper is to combine classical methods from transcendental number theory with the technique of restriction to real scalars .	We develop a conceptual approach relating transcendence properties of algebraic groups to results about the existence of homomorphisms to group varieties over real fields .	Our approach gives a new perspective on Mazur 's conjecture on the topology of rational points .	Next to these new theoretical insights , the aim of our application motivated Ansatz was to improve classical results of transcendence , of algebraic independence in small transcendence degree and of linear independence of algebraic logarithms .
+4	The relatively large negative offset in $ ( g-i ) $ is due to the fact that we have opted not to correct for the telluric bands , most notably the atmospheric A-band in the wavelength range of $ i $ -band .	We have developed and implemented an iterative algorithm of flux calibration for the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic anti-center ( LSS-GAC ) .	For a given LSS-GAC plate , the spectra are first processed with a set of nominal spectral response curves ( SRCs ) and used to derive initial stellar atmospheric parameters ( effective temperature $ T_ { \rm eff } $ , surface gravity log\ , $ g $ and metallicity [ Fe/H ] ) as well as dust reddening $ E ( B-V ) $ of all targeted stars .	For each of the sixteen spectrographs , several F-type stars of good signal-to-noise ratios ( SNRs ) are then selected as flux standard stars for further , iterative spectral flux calibration .	Comparison of spectrophotometric colours , deduced from the flux-calibrated spectra , with the photometric measurements yields average differences of 0.02 $ \pm $ 0.07 and $ - $ 0.04 $ \pm $ 0.09\ , mag for the $ ( g-r ) $ and $ ( g-i ) $ , respectively .
+1	Taylor 's power law ( Taylor 1961 : Nature , 189:732- ) is well recognized as one of the fundamental models in population ecology .	Many natural patterns , such as the distributions of blood particles in a blood sample , proteins on cell surfaces , biological populations in their habitat , galaxies in the universe , the sequence of human genes , and the fitness in evolutionary computing , have been found to follow power law .	A fundamental property of biological populations , which Taylor 's power law reveals , is the near universal heterogeneity of population abundance distribution in habitat .	Obviously , the heterogeneity also exists at the community level , where not only the distributions of population abundances but also the proportions of the species composition in the community are often heterogeneous .	Nevertheless , existing community diversity indexes such as Shannon index and Simpson index can only measure `` local '' or `` static '' diversity in the sense that they are computed for each habitat at a specific time point , and the indexes alone do not reflect the diversity changes .
+2	These are small effects that arise at second-order in the temperature fluctuations not from primordial physics but from such a limitation of the map-making procedure .	Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) experiments , such as WMAP and Planck , measure intensity anisotropies and build maps using a \emph { linearized } formula for relating them to the temperature blackbody fluctuations .	However such a procedure also generates a signal in the maps in the form of y-type distortions , and thus degenerate with the thermal SZ ( tSZ ) effect .	They constitute a contaminant for measurements of : our peculiar velocity , the tSZ and of primordial y-distortions , but they can nevertheless be well-modelled and accounted for .	We show that the largest distortions arises at high ell from a leakage of the CMB dipole into the y-channel which couples to all multipoles , but mostly affects the range ell & lt ; ~ 400 .
+3	In this paper we prove that every 2-connected projective-planar cubic graph has a closed 2-cell embedding in some orientable surface .	In a closed 2-cell embedding of a graph each face is homeomorphic to an open disk and is bounded by a cycle in the graph .	The Orientable Strong Embedding Conjecture says that every 2-connected graph has a closed 2-cell embedding in some orientable surface .	This implies both the Cycle Double Cover Conjecture and the Strong Embedding Conjecture .	The three main ingredients of the proof are ( 1 ) a surgical method to convert nonorientable embeddings into orientable embeddings ; ( 2 ) a reduction for 4-cycles for orientable closed 2-cell embeddings , or orientable cycle double covers , of cubic graphs ; and ( 3 ) a structural result for projective-planar embeddings of cubic graphs .
+0	This is the second of two papers devoted to tight-binding electronic spectra on graphs with the topology of the sphere .	We investigate the problem of an electron subject to a spin-orbit interaction generated by the radial electric field of a static point charge sitting at the center of the sphere .	The tight-binding Hamiltonian considered is a discretization on polyhedral graphs of the familiar form $ { \bm L } \cdot { \bm S } $ of the spin-orbit Hamiltonian .	It involves SU ( 2 ) hopping matrices of the form $ \exp ( { \rm i } \mu { \bm n } \cdot { \bm\sigma } ) $ living on the oriented links of the graph .	For a given structure , the dimensionless coupling constant $ \mu $ is the only parameter of the model .
+1	The calculation of I ( u ) is made vastly more efficient by replacing the average of the local delta-function operator by the average of a smooth non-local operator that has several orders of magnitude smaller variance .	We construct improved quantum Monte Carlo estimators for the spherically- and system-averaged electron pair density ( i.e.the probability density of finding two electrons separated by a relative distance u ) , also known as the spherically-averaged electron position intracule density I ( u ) , using the general zero-variance zero-bias principle for observables , introduced by Assaraf and Caffarel .	These new estimators also reduce the systematic error ( or bias ) of the intracule density due to the approximate trial wave function .	Used in combination with the optimization of an increasing number of parameters in trial Jastrow-Slater wave functions , they allow one to obtain well converged correlated intracule densities for atoms and molecules .	These ideas can be applied to calculating any pair-correlation function in classical or quantum Monte Carlo calculations .
+3	\textbf { 8 } , 912 ( 2012 ) ] .	A quantum-mechanical analysis of hyper-fast ( faster than ballistic ) diffusion of a quantum wave packet in random optical lattices is presented .	The main motivation of the presented analysis is experimental demonstrations of hyper-diffusive spreading of a wave packet in random photonic lattices [ L. Levi \textit { et al .	} , Nature Phys .	A rigorous quantum-mechanical calculation of the mean probability amplitude is suggested , and it is shown that the power law spreading of the mean squared displacement ( MSD ) is $ & lt ; x^2 ( t ) & gt ; \sim t^ { \alpha } $ , where $ 2 & lt ; \alpha\leq 3 $ .
+3	These are mixed with the signal through the nonlinear amplifier , which makes them { cyclostationary } .	We present a method for analyzing the phase noise of oscillators based on feedback driven high quality factor resonators .	Our approach is to derive the phase drift of the oscillator by projecting the stochastic oscillator dynamics onto a slow time scale corresponding physically to the long relaxation time of the resonator .	We derive general expressions for the phase drift generated by noise sources in the electronic feedback loop of the oscillator .	We also consider noise sources acting directly on the resonator .
+1	Unexpectedly , we find that our solutions for these fields are free of the concepts of differential calculus , in that our solutions only involve the currents and their time integrals , and do not involve the time derivatives of the currents .	We present a new algorithm for computing the electromagnetic fields of currents inside and outside of finite current sources , for arbitrary time variations in the currents .	As examples , we give the solutions for two configurations of current : a planar solenoid and a rotating spherical shell carrying a uniform charge density .	For slow time variations in the currents , we show that our general solutions reduce to the standard expressions for the fields in classic magnetic dipole radiation .	In the limit of extremely fast turn-on of the currents , we show that for our general solutions the amount of energy radiated is exactly equal to the magnetic energy stored in the static fields a long time after current creation .
+1	The light-front Hamiltonian approach with a systematic non-perturbative renormalization is applied .	We report on the first non-perturbative calculation of the scalar Yukawa model in the single-nucleon sector up to four-body Fock sector truncation ( one `` scalar nucleon '' and three `` scalar pions '' ) .	We study the $ n $ -body norms and the electromagnetic form factor .	We find that the one- and two-body contributions dominate up to coupling $ \alpha \approx 1.7 $ .	As we approach the coupling $ \alpha \approx 2.2 $ , we discover that the four-body contribution rises rapidly and overtakes the two- and three-body contributions .
+4	It is clear that diffuse soft X-ray emitting/absorbing gas with a characteristic temperature of $ \sim 10^6 $ K resides primarily in and around the Galactic disk and bulge .	The hot interstellar medium traces the stellar feedback and its role in regulating the eco-system of the Galaxy .	I review recent progress in understanding the medium , based largely on X-ray absorption line spectroscopy , complemented by X-ray emission and far-UV OVI absorption measurements .	These observations enable us for the first time to characterize the global spatial , thermal , chemical , and kinematic properties of the medium .	The results are generally consistent with what have been inferred from X-ray imaging of nearby galaxies similar to the Galaxy .
+2	Unsatisfying point is that definitions seem vague , which makes the solution an ad hoc one .	The human intelligence lies in the algorithm , the nature of algorithm lies in the classification , and the classification is equal to outlier detection .	A lot of algorithms have been proposed to detect outliers , meanwhile a lot of definitions .	We analyzed the nature of outliers , and give two clear definitions .	We then develop an efficient RDD algorithm , which converts outlier problem to pattern and degree problem .
+0	( abridged ) We present an investigation of the clustering of i'AB & lt ; 24.5 galaxies in the redshift interval 0.2 & lt ; z & lt ; 1.2 .	Using 100,000 precise photometric redshifts in the four ultra-deep fields of the Canada-France Legacy Survey , we construct a set of volume-limited galaxy catalogues .	We study the dependence of the amplitude and slope of the galaxy correlation function on absolute B-band rest-frame luminosity , redshift and best-fitting spectral type.We find : 1 .	The comoving correlation length for all galaxies decreases steadily from z~0.3 to z~1.2 .	At all redshifts and luminosities , galaxies with redder rest-frame colours have clustering amplitudes between two and three times higher than bluer ones.3 .
+0	NGC 3576 ( G291.28-0.71 ; l=291.3o , b=-0.7o ) and NGC 3603 ( G291.58-0.43 ; l=291.6o , b=-0.5o ) are optically visible , luminous HII regions located at distances of 3.0 kpc and 6.1 kpc , respectively .	We present 3.4 cm Australian Telescope Compact Array ( ATCA ) observations of these two sources in the continuum and the H90a , He90a , C90a and H113b recombination lines with an angular resolution of 7 '' and a velocity resolution of 2.6 km/s .	All four recombination lines are detected in the integrated profiles of the two sources .	Broad radio recombination lines are detected in both NGC 3576 ( DV_ { FWHM } & gt ; = 50 km/s ) and NGC 3603 ( DV_ { FWHM } & gt ; =70 km/s ) .	In NGC 3576 a prominent N-S velocity gradient ( ~30 km/s/pc ) is observed , and a clear temperature gradient ( 6000 K to 8000 K ) is found from east to west , consistent with a known IR color gradient in the source .
+0	We study the full-counting statistics of charges transmitted through a single-level quantum dot weakly coupled to a local Einstein phonon which causes fluctuations in the dot energy .	An analytic expression for the cumulant generating function , accurate up to second order in the electron-phonon coupling and valid for finite voltages and temperatures , is obtained in the extended wide-band limit .	The result accounts for nonequilibrium phonon distributions induced by the source-drain bias voltage , and concomitantly satisfies the fluctuation theorem .	Extending the counting field to the complex plane , we investigate the locations of possible singularities of the cumulant generating function , and exploit them to identify regimes in which the electron transfer is affected differently by the coupling to the phonons .	Within a large-deviation analysis , we find a kink in the probability distribution , analogous to a first-order phase transition in thermodynamics , which would be a unique hallmark of the electron-phonon correlations .
+2	We observe that the low temperature resistivity upturn is not due to a charge density wave transition , and a dominant role of impurities scattering for low temperature transport properties is instead demonstrated .	Angular magnetotransport measurements have been performed to tackle the origin of the magnetoresistance in the quasi-1D Hollandite Ba1.2Rh8O16 .	Three samples of different impurities amount were measured .	The components of magnetoresistance were separated by using the Kohler plot and the angular dependency of the resistance under magnetic field .	It shows the major contribution of an isotropic , likely spin driven , negative magnetoresistance .
+0	We report on the first search for top-quark production via flavor-changing neutral-current ( FCNC ) interactions in the non-standard-model process u ( c ) +g - & gt ; t using ppbar collision data collected by the CDF II detector .	The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.2/fb .	The candidate events feature the signature of semileptonic top-quark decays and are classified as signal-like or background-like by an artificial neural network trained on simulated events .	The observed discriminant distribution is in good agreement with the one predicted by the standard model and provides no evidence for FCNC top-quark production , resulting in a Bayesian upper limit on the production cross section sigma ( u ( c ) +g - & gt ; t ) & lt ; 1.8 pb at the 95 % confidence level .	Using theoretical predictions we convert the cross-section limit to upper limits on FCNC branching ratios : BR ( t - & gt ; u+g ) & lt ; 3.9 x 10 { -4 } $ and BR ( t - & gt ; c+g ) & lt ; 5.7 x 10^ { -3 } .
+4	In particular , the Leading Arm must have a tidal origin , however no purely gravitational model is able to reproduce its morphology and kinematics .	Strongly interacting galaxies undergo a short-lived but dramatic phase of evolution characterized by enhanced star formation , tidal tails , bridges and other morphological peculiarities .	The nearest example of a pair of interacting galaxies is the Magellanic Clouds , whose dynamical interaction produced the gaseous features known as the Magellanic Stream trailing the pair 's orbit about the Galaxy , the Bridge between the Clouds , and the Leading Arm , a wide and irregular feature leading the orbit .	Young , newly formed stars in the Bridge are known to exist , giving witness to the recent interaction between the Clouds .	However , the interaction of the Clouds with the Milky Way is less well understood .
+3	In particular we give a detailed discussion of the diagonalization in the Replica Fourier Space of the Hessian matrix of the Gaussian fluctuations about the mean field saddle point of spin glass theory .	The Replica Fourier Transform is the generalization of the discrete Fourier Transform to quantities defined on an ultrametric tree .	It finds use in con- junction of the replica method used to study thermodynamics properties of disordered systems such as spin glasses .	Its definition is presented in a system- atic and simple form and its use illustrated with some representative examples .	The general results are finally discussed for a generic spherical spin glass model , where the Hessian can be computed analytically .
+2	The proof proceeds via couplings to show the corresponding moment bounds for a second class particle .	We prove that the variance of the current across a characteristic is of order t^ { 2/3 } in a stationary constant rate totally asymmetric zero range process , and that the diffusivity has order t^ { 1/3 } .	This is a step towards proving universality of this scaling behavior in the class of one-dimensional interacting systems with one conserved quantity and concave hydrodynamic flux .	We build on the methods developed by Balazs-Seppalainen for asymmetric simple exclusion .	However , some modifications were needed to handle the larger state space .
+4	This yields a set of extremely large yet structured computations .	In this paper , we propose a distributed computing approach to solving large-scale robust stability problems on the simplex .	Our approach is to formulate the robust stability problem as an optimization problem with polynomial variables and polynomial inequality constraints .	We use Polya 's theorem to convert the polynomial optimization problem to a set of highly structured Linear Matrix Inequalities ( LMIs ) .	We then use a slight modification of a common interior-point primal-dual algorithm to solve the structured LMI constraints .
+0	Classical Jacobi polynomials $ P_ { n } ^ { ( \alpha , \beta ) } $ , with $ \alpha , \beta & gt ; -1 $ , have a number of well-known properties , in particular the location of their zeros in the open interval $ ( -1,1 ) $ .	This property is no longer valid for other values of the parameters ; in general , zeros are complex .	In this paper we study the strong asymptotics of Jacobi polynomials where the real parameters $ \alpha_n , \beta_n $ depend on $ n $ in such a way that $ $ \lim_ { n\to\infty } \frac { \alpha_ { n } } { n } =A , \quad \lim_ { n\to\infty } \frac { \beta_ { n } } { n } =B , $ $ with $ A , B \in \mathbb { R } $ .	We restrict our attention to the case where the limits $ A , B $ are not both positive and take values outside of the triangle bounded by the straight lines A=0 , B=0 and $ A+B+2=0 $ .	As a corollary , we show that in the limit the zeros distribute along certain curves that constitute trajectories of a quadratic differential .
+0	We consider a class of conformal models describing closed strings in axially symmetric stationary magnetic flux tube backgrounds .	These models are closed string analogs of the Landau model of a particle in a magnetic field or the model of an open string in a constant magnetic field .	They are interesting examples of solvable unitary conformal string theories with non-trivial 4-dimensional curved space-time interpretation .	In particular , their quantum Hamiltonian can be expressed in terms of free fields and the physical spectrum and string partition function can be explicitly determined .	In addition to the presence of tachyonic instabilities and existence of critical values of magnetic field the closed string spectrum exhibits also some novel features which were absent in the open string case .
+0	Starting from the quantum kinetic equation for the non-condensate atoms and the generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate , we derive the two-fluid hydrodynamic equations of a trapped Bose gas at finite temperatures .	We follow the standard Chapman-Enskog procedure , starting from a solution of the kinetic equation corresponding to the complete local equilibrium between the condensate and the non-condensate components .	Our hydrodynamic equations are shown to reduce to a form identical to the well-known Landau-Khalatnikov two-fluid equations , with hydrodynamic damping due to the deviation from local equilibrium .	The deviation from local equilibrium within the thermal cloud gives rise to dissipation associated with shear viscosity and thermal conduction .	In addition , we show that effects due to the deviation from the diffusive local equilibrium between the condensate and the non-condensate ( recently considered by Zaremba , Nikuni and Griffin ) can be described by four frequency-dependent second viscosity transport coefficients .
+3	Weak features in the flux spectrum do not necessarily indicate an intrinsically weak feature -- instead the feature can be weak because of cancellation between absorption in `` core '' rays and emission from rays near the limb .	We study the formation of photospheric emission lines in O stars and show that the rectangular profiles , sometimes double peaked , that are observed for some stars are a direct consequence of rotation , and it is unnecessary to invoke an enhanced density structure in the equatorial regions .	Emission lines , such as N IV 4058 and the N III 4634-4640-4642 multiplet , exhibit non-standard `` limb darkening '' laws .	The lines can be in absorption for rays striking the center of the star and in emission for rays near the limb .	Rotation also modifies line profiles of wind diagnostics such as He II 4686 and Halpha and should not be neglected when inferring the actual stratification , level and nature of wind structures .
+2	The process $ X^ { ( \delta ) } $ is a solution of a stochastic differential equation with a degenerate diffusion coefficient .	Let $ X^ { ( \delta ) } $ be a Wishart process of dimension $ \delta $ , with values in the set of positive matrices of size $ m $ .	We are interested in the large deviations for a family of matrix-valued processes $ \ { \delta^ { -1 } X_t^ { ( \delta ) } , t \leq 1 \ } $ as $ \delta $ tends to infinity .	Our approach is based upon the introduction of exponential martingales .	We give some applications to large deviations for functionals of the Wishart processes , for example the set of eigenvalues .
+0	We analyze 2+1 dimensional Yang-Mills theory regularized on a lattice with twisted boundary conditions in the spatial directions .	In previous work it was shown that the observables in the non-zero electric flux sectors obey the so-called $ x $ -scaling , i.e.depend only on the dimensionless variable $ x\propto NL/b $ and the angle $ \tilde\theta $ given by the parameters of the twist ( $ L $ being the length of the spatial torus and $ b $ the inverse 't Hooft coupling ) .	It is conjectured that this scaling is obeyed by all physical quantities .	In this work we extend the previous analyses to the zero electric flux ( glueball ) sector .	We study the mass of the lightest scalar glueball in two theories with different $ N $ but matching $ x $ and $ \tilde\theta $ in a wide range of couplings from the perturbative small-volume regime to the non-perturbative one .
+2	Such orders can arise at the mean-field level in extended Hubbard models .	We consider various incommensurate ( IC ) order parameters for electrons on a square lattice which reduce to $ d_ { x^2-y^2 } $ -density wave ( DDW ) order when the ordering wavevector $ { \bf Q } \to ( \pi , \pi ) $ .	We describe the associated charge and current distributions and their experimental signatures .	We compare the phase diagrams of these models with experiments in the underdoped cuprates , where ( 1 ) DDW order is a possible explanation of the pseudogap , and ( 2 ) there are experimental indications of incommensurability .	We find various types of IC DDW and discuss their possible relevance to the physics of the cuprates .
+2	For three brighter stars we were able to gain estimates from direct equivalent-width measurements , while for the remaining eight stars only upper limits could be obtained .	We present an assessment of the barium abundance ratios for red giant member stars in the faint Hercules dwarf spheroidal ( dSph ) galaxy .	Our results are drawn from intermediate-resolution FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectra around the Ba II 6141.71 AA absorption line at low signal-to-noise ratios .	These results are investigated in a statistical manner and indicate very low Ba abundances of log epsilon ( Ba ) & lt ; 0.7 dex ( 3 sigma ) .	We discuss various possible systematic biasses , first and foremost , a blend with the Fe I 6141.73 AA-line , but most of those would only lead to even lower abundances .
+0	Dynamics of regio-regulated Poly ( 4-methylthiazole-2,5-diyl ) [ HH-P4MeTz ] was inves tigated by solid-state 1H , 2D , 13C NMR spectroscopies , and differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) measurements .	DSC , 2D quadrupolar echo NMR , 13C cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning ( CPMAS ) NMR , and 2D spin-echo ( 2DSE ) CPMAS NMR spectroscopy suggest existence of a quasi-ordered phase in which backbone twists take place with weakened pi-stackings .	Two-dimensional exchange 2D NMR ( 2DEX ) detected slow dynamics with a rate of an order of 10^2Hz for the CD_3 group in d_3-HH-P4MeTz at 288K .	The frequency dependence of proton longitudinal relaxation rate at 288K shows a omega^-1/2 dependence , which is due to the one-dimensional diffusion-like motion of backbone conformational modulation waves .	The diffusion rate was estimated as 3+/-2 GHz , which was approximately 10^7 times larger than that estimated by 2DEX NMR measurements .
+1	This leads to a prediction of theta_C in terms of group theoretical quantities only , i.e.the index n of the dihedral group D_n , the index j of the fermion representation 2_j and the preserved subgroups indicated by m_u and m_d .	In [ 1 ] it has been shown that the Cabibbo angle theta_C might arise from a dihedral flavor symmetry which is broken to different ( directions of ) subgroups in the up and the down quark sector .	Here we construct a low energy model which incorporates this idea .	The gauge group is the one of the Standard Model and D_7 x Z_2 ^ ( aux ) serves as flavor symmetry .	The additional Z_2 ^ ( aux ) is necessary in order to maintain two sets of Higgs fields , one which couples only to up quarks and another one coupling only to down quarks .
+3	Observations of the resulting spectral modulations can determine whether the variability is due to ( i ) oscillations in the injection of seed photons , ( ii ) oscillations in the coronal electron density , or ( iii ) oscillations in the coronal energy dissipation rate .	We develop a simple , time-dependent Comptonization model to probe the origins of spectral variability in accreting neutron star systems .	In the model , soft `` seed photons '' are injected into a corona of hot electrons , where they are Compton upscattered before escaping as hard X-rays .	The model describes how the hard X-ray spectrum varies when the properties of either the soft photon source or the Comptonizing medium undergo small oscillations .	Identifying the origin of spectral variability should help clarify how the corona operates and its relation to the accretion disk .
+2	We show that the automorphism group of a complete set of MUBs is isomorphic to the automorphism group of the corresponding orthogonal decomposition of the Lie algebra $ sl_n ( \mathbb { C } ) $ .	In this paper we give explicit descriptions of complete sets of mutually unbiased bases ( MUBs ) and orthogonal decompositions of special Lie algebras $ sl_n ( \mathbb { C } ) $ obtained from commutative and symplectic semifields , and from some other non-semifield symplectic spreads .	Relations between various constructions are also studied .	In the case of symplectic spreads this automorphism group is determined by the automorphism group of the spread .	By using the new notion of pseudo-planar functions over fields of characteristic two we give new explicit constructions of complete sets of MUBs .
+1	Our procedure aims at using the data to select a function among arbitrary ( at most countable ) collections of candidates .	We propose a new estimation procedure of the conditional density for independent and identically distributed data .	By using a deterministic Hellinger distance as loss , we prove that the selected function satisfies a non-asymptotic oracle type inequality under minimal assumptions on the statistical setting .	We derive an adaptive piecewise constant estimator on a random partition that achieves the expected rate of convergence over ( possibly inhomogeneous and anisotropic ) Besov spaces of small regularity .	Moreover , we show that this oracle inequality may lead to a general model selection theorem under very mild assumptions on the statistical setting .
+4	466 , 91 ( 2008 ) and Marques et al. , Phys.Rev .	( Screened ) hybrid functionals are being used more and more for solid-state calculations .	Usually the fraction alpha of Hartree-Fock exchange is kept fixed during the calculation , however there is no single ( universal ) value for alpha which systematically leads to satisfying accuracy .	Instead , one could use a property of the system under consideration to determine alpha and in this way the functional would be more flexible and potentially more accurate .	Recently , it was proposed to use the static dielectric constant epsilon for the calculation of alpha [ Shimazaki and Asai , Chem.Phys.Lett .
+1	The measure then induces an action with 4 derivatives .	Using the background-metric independence for the traceless mode as well as the conformal mode , 4D quantum gravity is described as a quantum field theory defined on a non-dynamical background-metric .	So we think that 4-th order gravity is essential and the Einstein-Hilbert term should be treated like a mass term .	We introduce the dimensionless self-coupling constant t for the traceless mode .	In this paper we study a model where the measure can be evaluated in the limit $ t \to 0 $ exactly , using the background-metric independence for the conformal mode .
+2	We formulate necessary and sufficient conditions for the resulting evolution in the physical phase space to be a symplectomorphism .	Evolution of systems in which Hamiltonians are generators of gauge transformations is a notion that requires more structure than the canonical theory provides .	We identify and study this additional structure in the framework of relational observables ( `` partial observables '' ) .	We give examples which satisfy those conditions and examples which do not .	We point out that several classic positions in the literature on relational observables contain an incomplete approach to the issue of evolution and false statements .
+1	To this end we consider numerical simulations that cover the uppermost 2-6 Mm of the solar convection zone and we explore scales ranging from 2 km to 25 Mm .	We present a series of radiative MHD simulations addressing the origin and distribution of mixed polarity magnetic field in the solar photosphere .	We study how the strength and distribution of magnetic field in the photosphere and subsurface layers depend on resolution , domain size and boundary conditions .	We find that 50 % of the magnetic energy at the \tau=1 level comes from field with the less than 500 G strength and that 50 % of the energy resides on scales smaller than about 100 km .	While probability distribution functions are essentially independent of resolution , properly describing the spectral energy distribution requires grid spacings of 8 km or smaller .
+4	As the lattice size is increased , the amplitude of these features also increases but very slowly .	We investigate the thermodynamics of artificial square spin ice systems assuming only dipolar interactions among the islands that compose the array .	The emphasis is given on the effects of the temperature on the elementary excitations ( magnetic monopoles and their Dirac strings ) .	By using Monte Carlo techniques we calculate the specific heat , the density of poles and their average separation as functions of temperature .	The specific heat and average separation between monopoles and antimonopoles exhibit a sharp peak and a local maximum , respectively , at the same temperature , $ T_ { p } \approx 7.2D/k_ { B } $ ( here , $ D $ is the strength of the dipolar interaction and $ k_ { B } $ is the Boltzmann constant ) .
+2	We find that for $ B $ type polarization of CMB the situation is reversed and the dominant signal comes from vector modes generated by cosmic strings , which exceeds the gravity wave signal from both inflation and strings .	String models can produce successful inflationary scenarios in the context of brane collisions and in many of these models cosmic strings may also be produced .	In scenarios such as KKLMMT the string contribution is naturally predicted to be well below the inflationary signal for cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) temperature anisotropies , in agreement with the existing limits .	The signal can be detected for a broad range of parameter space : future polarization experiments may be able to detect the string signal down to the string tension $ G\mu=10^ { -9 } $ , although foregrounds and lensing are likely to worsen these limits .	We argue that the optimal scale to search for the string signature is at $ \ell\sim 1000 $ , but in models with high optical depth the signal from reionization peak at large scales is also significant .
+0	A lattice of optical ring resonators can exhibit a topological insulator phase , with the role of spin played by the direction of propagation of light within each ring .	Unlike the system studied by Hafezi et al. , topological protection is achieved without fine-tuning the inter-resonator couplings , which are given the same periodicity as the underlying lattice .	The topological insulator phase occurs for strong couplings , when the tight-binding method is inapplicable .	Using the transfer matrix method , we derive the bandstructure and phase diagram , and demonstrate the existence of robust edge states .	When gain and loss are introduced , the system functions as a diode for coupled resonator modes .
+4	We report here on a search for spectroscopic and visual companions to young brown dwarfs in the Cha I star forming cloud .	How frequent are brown dwarf binaries ?	Do brown dwarfs have planets ?	Are current theoretical pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks valid down to the substellar regime ?	- Any detection of a companion to a brown dwarf takes us one step forward towards answering these basic questions of star formation .
+4	The efficiency of kaon detection coupled with the relatively lower production cross section for particles containing hidden strangeness will require a high intensity run in order for analyses of such states to be feasible .	The primary motivation of the GlueX experiment is to search for and ultimately study the pattern of gluonic excitations in the meson spectrum produced in $ \gamma p $ collisions .	Recent lattice QCD calculations predict a rich spectrum of hybrid mesons that have both exotic and non-exotic $ J^ { PC } $ , corresponding to $ q\bar { q } $ states ( $ q=u , $ $ d , $ or $ s $ ) coupled with a gluonic field .	A thorough study of the hybrid spectrum , including the identification of the isovector triplet , with charges 0 and $ \pm1 $ , and both isoscalar members , $ |s\bar { s } \ & gt ; $ and $ |u\bar { u } \ & gt ; + |d\bar { d } \ & gt ; $ , for each predicted hybrid combination of $ J^ { PC } $ , may only be achieved by conducting a systematic amplitude analysis of many different hadronic final states .	Detailed studies of the performance of the \gx detector have indicated that identification of particular final states with kaons is possible using the baseline detector configuration .
+3	The contribution of holes in $ t_ { 2g } $ and $ e_g $ bands of manganese ions to the conductivity , optical absorbtion spectra and charge instability in $ \alpha -MnS $ were studied .	The temperature dependence of resistivity , magnetization and electron-spin resonance of the $ \alpha- MnS $ single crystal were measured in temperature range of $ 5 K & lt ; T & lt ; 550 K $ .	Magnetization hysteresis in applied magnetic field up to 0.7 T at $ T=5 K , 77 K , 300 K $ , irreversible temperature behavior of magnetization and resistivity were found .	The obtained data were explained in terms of degenerate tight binding model using random phase approximation .	Charge susceptibility maxima resulted from the competition of the on-site Coulomb interaction between the holes in different orbitals and small hybridization of sub-bands were calculated at $ T=160 K , 250 K , 475 K $ .
+1	In agreement with the results obtained from the analysis of the brighter 3C/FRI sample , we find a correlation between fluxes ( and luminosities ) of the optical and radio cores .	We examine the optical properties of the nuclei of low luminosity radio-galaxies using snapshot HST images of the B2 sample .	This provides further support for the interpretation that the optical nuclear emission in FRI is dominated by synchrotron emission and that accretion in these sources takes place in a low efficiency radiative regime .	In the framework of the FRI/BL Lacs unified scheme , we find that the luminosity difference between FRI and BL Lac nuclei can be reproduced with a common beaming factor in both the radio and the optical band , independent of the extended radio luminosity , thus supporting such a scenario .	The corresponding bulk Lorentz factor is significantly smaller than is expected from observational and theoretical considerations in BL Lacs : this can be interpreted as due to a velocity structure in the jet , with a fast spine surrounded by a slower layer .
+4	We will also examine the accuracy with which the final nuclear abundances can be estimated from quasi-equilibrium .	Having examined the application of quasi-equilibrium to hydrostatic silicon burning in Paper I of this series , Hix & amp ; Thielemann ( 1996 ) , we now turn our attention to explosive silicon burning .	Previous authors have shown that for material which is heated to high temperature by a passing shock and then cooled by adiabatic expansion , the results can be divided into three broad categories ; \emph { incomplete burning } , \emph { normal freezeout } and \emph { $ \alpha $ -rich freezeout } , with the outcome depending on the temperature , density and cooling timescale .	In all three cases , we find that the important abundances obey quasi-equilibrium for temperatures greater than approximately 3 GK , with relatively little nucleosynthesis occurring following the breakdown of quasi-equilibrium .	We will show that quasi-equilibrium provides better abundance estimates than global nuclear statistical equilibrium , even for normal freezeout and particularly for $ \alpha $ -rich freezeout .
+3	Then Maximum Likelihood Parameter Estimation ( MLE ) for proposed model is introduced .	This paper presents a novel approach to speaker subspace modelling based on Gaussian-Binary Restricted Boltzmann Machines ( GRBM ) .	The proposed model is based on the idea of shared factors as in the Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis ( PLDA ) .	GRBM hidden layer is divided into speaker and channel factors , herein the speaker factor is shared over all vectors of the speaker .	Various new scoring techniques for speaker verification using GRBM are proposed .
+4	Moreover , since the Berry phase is a purely geometric feature , the result may be robust to decoherence and resilient to certain noise .	We design an adiabatic quantum algorithm for the counting problem , i.e. , approximating the proportion , $ \alpha $ , of the marked items in a given database .	As the quantum system undergoes a designed cyclic adiabatic evolution , it acquires a Berry phase $ 2\pi\alpha $ .	By estimating the Berry phase , we can approximate $ \alpha $ , and solve the problem .	For an error bound $ \epsilon $ , the algorithm can solve the problem with cost of order $ ( \frac { 1 } { \epsilon } ) ^ { 3/2 } $ , which is not as good as the optimal algorithm in the quantum circuit model , but better than the classical random algorithm .
+1	One must be sure that the solutions of the former problems , obtained in real time ( i.e. , when the stepsize h is not infinitesimal ) are good approximations of the solutions of the latter ones .	On computers , discrete problems are solved instead of continuous ones .	However , since the discrete world is much richer than the continuous one ( the latter being a limit case of the former ) , the classical definitions and techniques , devised to analyze the behaviors of continuous problems , are often insufficient to handle the discrete case , and new specific tools are needed .	Often , the insistence in following a path already traced in the continuous setting , has caused waste of time and efforts , whereas new specific tools have solved the problems both more easily and elegantly .	In this paper we survey three of the main difficulties encountered in the numerical solutions of ODEs , along with the novel solutions proposed .
+2	During January/February of 2011 , the VERITAS Observatory tested a new `` orbit '' observation mode , where the target source is continuously rotated around the camera center at a fixed radial offset and constant angular velocity .	The canonical observation mode for IACT gamma-ray observations employs four discrete pointings in the cardinal directions ( the `` wobble '' mode ) .	For the VERITAS Observatory , the target source is offset by 0.5-0.7 degrees from the camera center , and the observation lasts 20 minutes .	This mode of observation may help better estimate the cosmic ray background across the field of view , and will also reduce detector dead-time between the discrete 20 minute runs .	In winter 2011 , orbit mode observations where taken on the Crab Nebula and Mrk 421 .
+3	Here , we present conductance-energy and current-voltage characteristics in terms of ring-to-electrode coupling strength , ring-electrode interface geometry and magnetic flux .	Electron transport properties are investigated in an array of mesoscopic rings , where each ring is threaded by a magnetic flux $ \phi $ .	The array is attached to two semi-infinite one-dimensional metallic electrodes , namely , source and drain , where the rings are considered either in series or in parallel configuration .	A simple tight-binding model is used to describe the system and all the calculations are done based on the Green 's function formalism .	Most interestingly it is observed that , typical current amplitude in an array of mesoscopic rings in the series configuration is much larger compared to that in parallel configuration of those rings .
+0	Teleophthalmology holds a great potential to improve the quality , access , and affordability in health care .	For patients , it can reduce the need for travel and provide the access to a superspecialist .	Ophthalmology lends itself easily to telemedicine as it is a largely image based diagnosis .	The main goal of the proposed system is to diagnose the type of disease in the retina and to automatically detect and segment retinal diseases without human supervision or interaction .	The proposed system will diagnose the disease present in the retina using a neural network based classifier.The extent of the disease spread in the retina can be identified by extracting the textural features of the retina .
+4	We find that the calculated vibrational modes of the molecule are in agreement with the experimentally observed excitations .	Graphene electrodes are promising candidates to improve reproducibility and stability in molecular electronics through new electrode-molecule anchoring strategies .	Here we report sequential electron transport in few-layer graphene transistors containing individual curcuminoid-based molecules anchored to the electrodes via pi-pi orbital bonding .	We show the coexistence of inelastic co-tunneling excitations with single-electron transport physics owing to an intermediate molecule-electrode coupling ; we argue that an intermediate electron-phonon coupling is the origin of these vibrational-assisted excitations .	These experimental observations are complemented with density functional theory calculations to model electron transport and the interaction between electrons and vibrational modes of the curcuminoid molecule .
+3	To address this issue and greatly speed up the process , the solvent removal by evaporation was replaced by a `` shearing-off '' of the vesicles in a simple PDMS chip designed to exert a balance between a magnetic gradient and viscous shear .	In this work , we present two types of microfluidic chips involving magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in cyclohexane with oleic acid .	In the first case , the hydrophobically coated nanoparticles are self-assembled with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer by a double-emulsion process in order to prepare giant magnetic vesicles ( polymersomes ) in one step and at a high throughput .	It was shown in literature that such diblock copolymer W/O/W emulsion droplets can evolve into polymersomes made of a thin ( nanometric ) magnetic membrane through a dewetting transition of the oil phase from the aqueous internal cores usually leading to `` acorn-like '' structures ( polymer excess ) sticking to the membranes .	In the second example , a simple oil-in-oil emulsion chip is used to obtain regular trains of magnetic droplets that circulate inside an inductor coil producing a radio-frequency magnetic field .
+0	The well-known idea to construct domain wall type solutions of field equations by means of an expansion in the width of the domain wall is reexamined .	We observe that the problem involves singular perturbations .	Hilbert-Chapman-Enskog method is used to construct a consistent perturbative expansion .	We obtain the solutions to the second order in the width without introducing an effective action for the domain wall .	We find that zeros of the scalar field in general do not lie on a Nambu-Goto trajectory .
+2	On such a communication network $ { \cal G } $ , we show that the $ k^ { th } $ smallest of the $ n $ inputs can be detected in $ O ( \log n ) $ time with $ O ( n \log \log n ) $ messages .	We consider the selection problem on a completely connected network of $ n $ processors with no shared memory .	Each processor initially holds a given numeric item of $ b $ bits , allowed to send a $ b $ -bit message to another processor at a time .	The possibility of such a parallel algorithm for this distributed $ k $ -selection problem has been unknown despite the intensive investigation on many variations of the selection problem carried out since 1970s .	Satisfying the constraint of total $ O ( n \log \log n ) $ messages , it improves on $ { \cal G } $ the asymptotic running time of Kuhn , Locker and Wattenhofer 's algorithm .
+2	The antibrackets ( F , G ) ^a as well as the operators \triangle^a and V^a are extended to include the new anticanonical pairs \pi^ { Aa } , \bar { \phi } _A .	The Sp ( 2 ) -symmetric Lagrangian quantization scheme is represented in a completely anticanonical form .	Antifields are assigned to all field variables including former `` parametric '' ones \pi^ { Aa } .	A new version of the gauge fixing mechanism in the Lagrangian effective action is proposed .	The corresponding functional integral is shown to be gauge independent .
+1	This measure combines the Wikipedia-based Explicit Semantic Analysis measure , the WordNet path measure and the mixed collocation index .	This paper investigates the efficiency of the EWC semantic relatedness measure in an ad-hoc retrieval task .	In the experiments , the open source search engine Terrier was utilised as a tool to index and retrieve data .	The proposed technique was tested on the NTCIR data collection .	The experiments demonstrated promising results .
+4	The epoch of galaxy formation occurs early , about redshift 2.5 for 10^12 M_sun galaxies .	High resolution gravity plus smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations are used to study the formation of galaxies within the context of hierarchical structure formation .	The simulations have sufficient dynamic range to resolve from ten kpc scale galactic disks up to many Mpc scale filaments .	Over this range of scales , we find that hierarchical structure development proceeds through a series of increasingly larger filamentary collapses .	The well resolved simulated galaxies contain hundreds to thousands of particles and have varied morphologies covering the entire expected range from disks to tidally distorted objects .
+1	This optimization problem emerges in many applications in distributed machine learning and statistical estimation .	We propose a distributed algorithm based on Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers ( ADMM ) to minimize the sum of locally known convex functions using communication over a network .	We show that when functions are convex , both the objective function values and the feasibility violation converge with rate $ O ( \frac { 1 } { T } ) $ , where $ T $ is the number of iterations .	We then show that if the functions are strongly convex and have Lipschitz continuous gradients , the sequence generated by our algorithm converges linearly to the optimal solution .	In particular , an $ \epsilon $ -optimal solution can be computed with $ O ( \sqrt { \kappa_f } \log ( 1/\epsilon ) ) $ iterations , where $ \kappa_f $ is the condition number of the problem .
+3	Unfortunately , only in few cases can we determine this exactly .	We introduce a way of describing cohomology of the symmetric groups with coefficients in Specht modules over Z or F_p .	We study i-th-degree cohomology for i in { 0,1,2 } .	The focus lies on the isomorphism type of second-degree cohomology of integral Specht modules .	In many cases we obtain only some information about the prime divisors of the cohomology group 's order .
+0	In this paper , we first use semi-classical methods to study quantum field theoretical aspects of the integrable noncommutative sine-Gordon model proposed in [ hep-th/0406065 ] .	In particular , we examine the fluctuations at quadratic order around the static kink solution using the background field method .	We derive equations of motion for the fluctuations and argue that at O ( theta^2 ) the spectrum of fluctuations remains essentially the same as that of the corresponding commutative theory .	We compute the one-loop two-point functions of the sine-Gordon field and the additional scalar field present in the model and exhibit logarithmic divergences , only some of which lead to UV/IR mixing .	We briefly discuss the one-loop renormalization in Euclidean signature and comment on the obstacles in determining the noncommutativity corrections to the quantum mass of the kink .
+3	We explore here a new route for resumming $ f_ { \lm } $ based on replacing it by its $ \ell $ -th root : $ \rho_ { \lm } =f_ { \lm } ^ { 1/\ell } $ .	We improve and generalize a resummation method of post-Newtonian multipolar waveforms from circular compact binaries introduced in Refs .	\cite { Damour:2007xr , Damour:2007yf } .	One of the characteristic features of this resummation method is to replace the usual { \it additive } decomposition of the standard post-Newtonian approach by a { \it multiplicative } decomposition of the complex multipolar waveform $ h_ { \lm } $ into several ( physically motivated ) factors : ( i ) the `` Newtonian '' waveform , ( ii ) a relativistic correction coming from an `` effective source '' , ( iii ) leading-order tail effects linked to propagation on a Schwarzschild background , ( iv ) a residual tail dephasing , and ( v ) residual relativistic amplitude corrections $ f_ { \lm } $ .	In the extreme-mass-ratio case , this resummation procedure results in a much better agreement between analytical and numerical waveforms than when using standard post-Newtonian approximants .
+4	A method is suggested for evaluating the expectation values of the higher-order b-quark operators required to calculate charm expectation values , free from the overly large ambiguities of dimensional analyses .	We address the nonperturbative effects associated with soft charm quarks in inclusive B decays .	Such corrections are allowed by the OPE , but have largely escaped attention so far .	The related four-quark `double heavy ' expectation values of the form & lt ; B|\bar { b } c \bar { c } b|B & gt ; are computed in the 1/m_c expansion by integrating out the charm field to one and two loops .	A significant enhancement of the two-loop coefficients has been noted .
+4	Unfortunately , large experimental errors of $ \Xi^- $ decays propagate in our analysis , in particular , in the case of $ \Delta\Sigma $ and $ \Delta s $ .	We analyze the semileptonic weak decays of the octet baryons in a `` { \em model independent } '' approach , based on the algebraic structure of the Chiral Quark-Soliton Model .	We argue that this analysis is in fact more general than the model itself .	While the symmetry breaking for the semileptonic decays themselves is not strong , other quantities like $ \Delta s $ and $ \Delta \Sigma $ are much more affected .	We calculate $ \Delta \Sigma $ and $ \Delta q $ for all octet baryons .
+1	He introduces two types of stochastic mesh methods for the computations of CVA .	In this paper , the author considers the numerical computation of CVA for large systems by Mote Carlo methods .	In the first method , stochastic mesh method is used to obtain the future value of the derivative contracts .	In the second method , stochastic mesh method is used only to judge whether future value of the derivative contracts is positive or not .	He discusses the rate of convergence to the real CVA value of these methods .
+4	Our methods combine analytic analysis , numerical Monte Carlo simulations , and ( in the maximally supersymmetric case ) information from the dual gravitational theories .	In this paper we continue our study of the thermodynamics of large N gauge theories on compact spaces .	We consider toroidal compactifications of pure SU ( N ) Yang-Mills theories and of maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories dimensionally reduced to 0+1 or 1+1 dimensions , and generalizations of such theories where the adjoint fields are massive .	We describe the phase structure of these theories as a function of the gauge coupling , the geometry of the compact space and the mass parameters .	In particular , we study the behavior of order parameters associated with the holonomy of the gauge field around the cycles of the torus .
+4	We find that increasing the strength of the spin orbit coupling , narrows the width of the spin liquid region .	We explore the phase diagram of the strongly correlated Hubbard model with intrinsic spin orbit coupling on the honeycomb lattice .	We obtain the low energy effective model describing the spin degree of freedom .	We study the resulting model within the Schwinger boson and Schwinger fermion approaches .	The Schwinger boson approach gives the boundary between the spin liquid phase and the magnetically ordered phases , Neel order and incommensurate Neel order .
+3	We find that the two LBG samples are well described by the halo model with an appropriate HOF .	We explore empirical relations between three different populations of high-redshift galaxies and their hosting dark halos employing the halo model approach .	Specifically we consider Lyman-break galaxies at z\sim4 and at z\sim5 , and Lyman-Alpha emitters at z\simeq 4.86 .	We adopt a halo occupation function prescription to parameterize the properties of their hosting halos and the efficiency of halo-dependent star formation .	We obtain constraints on properties of their hosting halos .
+2	We present the optical spectra obtained from the William Herschel Telescope , and we compare the narrow emission line luminosity , radio luminosity and maximum size of jets to those of objects from radio-selected samples .	We discuss the relative merits of mid-infrared and X-ray selection of type-2 quasars .	We describe the mid-infrared , near-infrared and radio selection criteria used to find a population of redshift z~2 type-2 quasars which we previously argued suggests that most supermassive black hole growth in the Universe is obscured ( Martinez-Sansigre et al. , 2005 ) .	This analysis suggests that these are genuine radio-quiet type-2 quasars , albeit the radio-bright end of this population .	We also discuss the possibility of two different types of quasar obscuration , which could explain how the ~2-3:1 ratio of type-2 to type-1 quasars preferred by modelling our population can be reconciled with the ~1:1 ratio predicted by unified schemes .
+3	By exploiting the `two-scale nature ' of light-cone dominated QCD processes , i.e.the separation between the quantum scale that specifies the range of short-distance quantum fluctuations , and the kinetic scale that characterizes the range of statistical binary inter- actions , the quantum-field equations of motion are converted into a correspon- ding set of `renormalization equations ' and `transport equations ' .	A quantum kinetic formalism is developed to study the dynamical interplay of quantum and statistical-kinetic properties of non-equilibrium multi-parton systems produced in high-energy QCD processes .	The approach provides the means to follow the quantum dynamics in both space-time and energy-momentum , starting from an arbitrary initial configuration of high-momentum quarks and gluons .	Using a generalized functional integral representation and adopting the `closed-time-path ' Green function techniques , a self-consistent set of equations of motions is obtained : a Ginzburg-Landau equation for a possible color background field , and Dyson-Schwinger equations for the 2-point functions of the gluon and quark fields .	The former describe renormalization and dissipation effects through the evolution of the spectral density of individual , dressed partons , whereas the latter determine the statistical occurrence of scattering processes among these dressed partons .
+2	We observe an excess of Bs - & gt ; mu+ mu- candidates with respect to the background expectation .	A search for the rare decays Bs- & gt ; mu+mu- and B0- & gt ; mu+mu- is performed using data collected in 2011 and 2012 with the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider .	The data samples comprise 1.1 fb^-1 of proton-proton collisions at sqrt { s } = 8 TeV and 1.0 fb^-1 at sqrt { s } =7 TeV .	The probability that the background could produce such an excess or larger is 5.3 x 10^-4 corresponding to a signal significance of 3.5 standard deviations .	A maximum-likelihood fit gives a branching fraction of BR ( Bs - & gt ; mu+ mu- ) = ( 3.2^ { +1.5 } _ { -1.2 } ) x 10^-9 , where the statistical uncertainty is 95 % of the total uncertainty .
+1	After correcting for the off-axis instrumental polarization with a simple analytical model , only a small number of 585 strong sources have significant polarizations at these wavelengths .	We present an analysis of the polarization of compact radio sources from six pointings of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope ( WSRT ) at 350 MHz with 35 % coverage in lambda^2 .	The median depolarization ratio from 1.4 GHz for the strongest sources is & lt ; 0.2 , reinforcing the likelihood that radio galaxies are found in magnetized environments , even outside of rich clusters .	Seven sources with significant 350 MHz polarization were selected for a more in-depth Faraday structure analysis .	We fit the observed values Q/I and U/I as a function of lambda^2 using both a depolarizing screen and two component models .
+0	The dynamics of charge particles described by Gaussian wave packet in monolayer graphene is studied analytically and numerically .	We demonstrate that the shape of wave packet at arbitrary time depends on correlation between the initial electron amplitudes $ \psi_1 ( \vec r,0 ) $ and $ \psi_2 ( \vec r,0 ) $ on the sublattices $ A $ and $ B $ correspondingly ( i.e.pseudospin polarization ) .	For the transverse pseudospin polarization the motion of the center of wave packet occurs in the direction perpendicular to the average momentum $ { \vec p_0 } =\hbar \vec { k_0 } $ .	Moreover , in this case the initial wave packet splits into two parts moving with opposite velocities along $ { \vec p_0 } $ .	If the initial direction of pseudospin coincides with average momentum the splitting is absent and the center of wave packet is displaced at $ t & gt ; 0 $ along the same direction .
+3	In this white paper , we describe how the next decade will see the first steps toward unlocking this potential , allowing us to answer two key questions about the fundamental physics of our Universe and the intergalactic medium : Does the standard cosmological model describe the Universe during the `` dark ages ? ''	One of the next decade 's most exciting prospects is to explore the cosmic `` dark ages , '' during which the first stars in the Universe formed , with the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen .	At z & gt ; 6 , this light redshifts into the low-frequency radio regime and can be observed with new generations of wide-field arrays .	These experiments have the potential to observe enormous volumes and to improve both cosmological and astrophysical constraints dramatically .	How did the intergalactic medium evolve during this important time , ending with the reionization of hydrogen ?
+2	For a medium consisting of clumps of size l and volume filling factor f , in which the `porosity length ' h=l/f increases with local radius as h = h ' r , we find that a substantial reduction in wind absorption requires a quite large porosity scale factor h ' & gt ; 1 , implying large porosity lengths h & gt ; r. The associated wind structure must thus have either a relatively large scale l~ r , or a small volume filling factor f ~ l/r & lt ; & lt ; 1 , or some combination of these .	We investigate the degree to which the nearly symmetric form of X-ray emission lines seen in Chandra spectra of early-type supergiant stars could be explained by a possibly porous nature of their spatially structured stellar winds .	Such porosity could effectively reduce the bound-free absorption of X-rays emitted by embedded wind shocks , and thus allow a more similar transmission of red- vs. blue-shifted emission from the back vs. front hemispheres .	The relatively small-scale , moderate compressions generated by intrinsic instabilities in line-driving seem unlikely to give such large porosity lengths , leaving again the prospect of instead having to invoke a substantial ( ca .	factor 5 ) downward revision in assumed mass-loss rates .
+3	Antireflection is achieved by tailoring the magnitude and phase shifts of waves reflected and transmitted at metamaterial boundaries , resulting in a destructive interference in reflection and constructive interference in transmission .	We present a novel antireflection approach utilizing planar metamaterials on dielectric surfaces .	It consists of a split-ring resonator array and a metal mesh separated by a thin dielectric spacer .	The coating dramatically reduces the reflectance and greatly enhances the transmittance over a wide range of incidence angles and a narrow bandwidth .	The coating can be very thin and there is no requirement for the spacer dielectric constant .
+4	To test their practicality , both approaches were applied on the problem of fault detection in an induction motor .	This paper describes two approaches for fault detection : an immune-based mechanism and a formal language algorithm .	The first one is based on the feature of immune systems in distinguish any foreign cell from the body own cell .	The formal language approach assumes the system as a linguistic source capable of generating a certain language , characterised by a grammar .	Each algorithm has particular characteristics , which are analysed in the paper , namely in what cases they can be used with advantage .
+2	The expectation value of this operator signals monopole condensation and is an order parameter for deconfinement as in the case of fermions in the fundamental representation .	QCD with fermions in the adjoint representation ( aQCD ) is a model for which a deconfinement and a chiral phase transition take place at different temperatures .	In this work , we present a study of the deconfinement transition in the dual superconductor picture based on the evaluation of an operator which carries magnetic charge .	We find a sharp first order deconfinement transition .	We also study the effects of the chiral transition on the monopole order parameter and find them negligible .
+0	The average number $ S_N ( t ) $ of distinct sites visited up to time t by N noninteracting random walkers all starting from the same origin in a disordered fractal is considered .	This quantity $ S_N ( t ) $ is the result of a double average : an average over random walks on a given lattice followed by an average over different realizations of the lattice .	We show for two-dimensional percolation clusters at criticality ( and conjecture for other stochastic fractals ) that the distribution of the survival probability over these realizations is very broad in Euclidean space but very narrow in the chemical or topological space .	This allows us to adapt the formalism developed for Euclidean and deterministic fractal lattices to the chemical language , and an asymptotic series for $ S_N ( t ) $ analogous to that found for the non-disordered media is proposed here .	The main term is equal to the number of sites ( volume ) inside a `` hypersphere '' in the chemical space of radius $ L [ \ln ( N ) /c ] ^ { 1/v } $ where L is the root-mean-square chemical displacement of a single random walker , and v and c determine how fast $ 1-\Gamma_t ( \ell ) $ ( the probability that a given site at chemical distance $ \ell $ from the origin is visited by a single random walker by time t ) decays for large values of $ \ell/L $ : $ 1-\Gamma_t ( \ell ) \sim \exp [ -c ( \ell/L ) ^v ] $ .
+2	Here , a complementary approach is explored , achieving cross calibration of elements of IACT arrays through pairwise comparisons between telescopes , focussing on its applicability to the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array ( CTA ) .	For reliable event reconstruction of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes ( IACTs ) , calibration of the optical throughput efficiency is required .	Within current facilities , this is achieved through the use of ring shaped images generated by muons .	Intercalibration of telescopes of a particular type using eventwise comparisons of shower image amplitudes has previously been demonstrated to recover the relative telescope optical responses .	A method utilising the reconstructed energy as an alternative to image amplitude is presented , enabling cross calibration between telescopes of varying types within an IACT array .
+4	We also show that these exponents describe the low energy behavior of the spectral function , for repulsive as well as attractive interaction .	Using the Bethe ansatz analysis as was reformulated by Edwards , we calculate the spectral properties of a particle interacting with a bath of fermions in one dimension for the case of equal particle-fermion masses .	These are directly related to singularities apparent in optical experiments in one dimensional systems .	The orthogonality catastrophe for the case of an infinite particle mass survives in the limit of equal masses .	We find that the exponent $ \beta $ of the quasiparticle weight , $ Z\simeq N^ { -\beta } $ is different for the two cases , and proportional to their respective phaseshifts at the Fermi surface ; we present a simple physical argument for this difference .
+2	+/- 0.0008 ( syst .	We report on a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in fixed target electron-electron ( Moller ) scattering : A_PV = -131 +/- 14 ( stat . ) +/- 10 ( syst . )	parts per billion , leading to the determination of the weak mixing angle \sin^2\theta_W^eff = 0.2397 +/- 0.0010 ( stat . )	) , evaluated at Q^2 = 0.026 GeV^2 .	Combining this result with the measurements of \sin^2\theta_W^eff at the Z^0 pole , the running of the weak mixing angle is observed with over 6 sigma significance .
+1	The estimate is guaranteed and does not depend on any particular numerical method .	In this paper , a posteriori error estimates of functional type for a stationary diffusion problem with nonsymmetric coefficients are derived .	An algorithm for the global minimization of the error estimate with respect to the flux over some finite dimensional subspace is presented .	In numerical tests , global minimization is done over the subspace generated by Raviart-Thomas elements .	The improvement of the error bound due to the p-refinement of these spaces is investigated .
+2	The stellar absorption lines are extended compared to the neighboring continuum suggesting a cluster size of ~ 70pc FWHM .	NIR high angular resolution speckle imaging and imaging spectroscopy of the nuclear region ( 10 '' ~ 840pc ) of the Seyfert1 galaxy NGC3227 are presented .	A nuclear stellar cluster is slightly resolved in the J and H band with increasing contribution to the NIR continuum from the K to the J band .	Analysis of those lines suggests that the stars are contributing about 65 % ( 40 % ) of the total continuum emission in the H ( K ) band in a 3.6 '' aperture .	Population synthesis in conjunction with NIR spectral synthesis indicates an age of 25 to 50 Myr when red supergiants contribute most to the NIR light .
+1	Here we are exploring the composition signature in the coherent electromagnetic emission from extensive air showers , detected in the MHz frequency range .	Measuring the mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is one of the main tasks in the cosmic rays field .	One of the experiments that successfully detects radio events in the frequency band of 40-80 MHz is the LOPES experiment at KIT .	It is a digital interferometric antenna array and has the important advantage of taking data in coincidence with the particle detector array KASCADE-Grande .	A possible method to look at the composition signature in the radio data , predicted by simulations , concerns the radio lateral distribution function , since its slope is strongly correlated with Xmax .
+2	Except for some community structured networks on which metastable phases can be observed , agents playing the Naming Game always manage to reach a global consensus .	The Naming Game is a model of non-equilibrium dynamics for the self-organized emergence of a linguistic convention or a communication system in a population of agents with pairwise local interactions .	We present an extensive study of its dynamics on complex networks , that can be considered as the most natural topological embedding for agents involved in language games and opinion dynamics .	This convergence is obtained after a time generically scaling with the population 's size $ N $ as $ t\_ { conv } \sim N^ { 1.4 \pm 0.1 } $ , i.e.much faster than for agents embedded on regular lattices .	Moreover , the memory capacity required by the system scales only linearly with its size .
+0	We measure the cross-power spectrum of the projected mass density as traced by the convergence of the cosmic microwave background lensing field from the South Pole Telescope ( SPT ) and a sample of Type 1 and 2 ( unobscured and obscured ) quasars at z~1 selected with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer , over 2500 deg^2 .	The cross-power spectrum is detected at ~7-sigma , and we measure a linear bias b=1.67+/-0.24 , consistent with clustering analyses .	Using an independent lensing map , derived from Planck observations , to measure the cross-spectrum , we find excellent agreement with the SPT analysis .	The bias of the combined sample of Type 1 and 2 quasars determined in this work is similar to that previously determined for Type 1 quasars alone ; we conclude that that obscured and unobscured quasars must trace the matter field in a similar way .	This result has implications for our understanding of quasar unification and evolution schemes .
+3	Even for molecules near their equilibrium geometries , the new model outperforms CCSD .	A new method that accurately describes strongly correlated states and captures dynamical correlation is presented .	It is derived as a modification of coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations ( CCSD ) through consideration of particle distinguishability between dissociated fragments , whilst retaining the key desirable properties of particle-hole symmetry , size extensivity , invariance to rotations within the occupied and virtual spaces , and exactness for two-electron subsystems .	The resulting method called the distinguishable cluster approximation , smoothly dissociates difficult cases such as the nitrogen molecule , with the modest N^6 computational cost of CCSD .	It also accurately describes the massively correlated states encountered when dissociating hydrogen lattices , a proxy for the metal-insulator transition , and the fully dissociated system is treated exactly .
+0	We discuss singularities in the spectrum of driven many-body spin systems .	In contrast to undriven models , the driving allows us to control the geometry of the quasienergy landscape .	As a consequence , one can engineer singularities in the density of quasienergy states by tuning an external control .	We show that the density of levels exhibits logarithmic divergences at the saddle points , while jumps are due to local minima of the quasienergy landscape .	We discuss the characteristic signatures of these divergences in observables like the magnetization , which should be measurable with current technology .
+3	In this paper we show without the use of global moduli spaces that the Jacquet-Langlands correspondence for supercuspidal representations is realized by the Euler-Poincare characteristic of the cohomology .	We study the geometry and cohomology of the ( generic fibres ) of formal deformation schemes of one-dimensional formal modules of finite height .	By the work of Boyer ( in mixed characterististic ) and Harris and Taylor , the l-adic etale cohomology of these spaces realizes simultaneously the local Langlands and Jacquet-Langlands correspondences .	The proofs given so far use Drinfeld modular varieties or Shimura varieties to derive this local result .	Under a certain finiteness assumption on the cohomology groups , it is shown that the correspondence is realized in only one degree .
+2	The key tool is a matrix with entries that are polynomial in the coordinates of the affine plane model of the curve , thus can be expressed in terms of $ \sigma $ and its derivatives .	Previous work by the authors ( this journal , \vol { 60 } ( 2008 ) , 1009-1044 ) produced equations that hold on certain loci of the Jacobian of a cyclic $ C_ { rs } $ curve .	A curve of this type generalizes elliptic curves , and the equations in question are given in terms of ( Klein 's ) generalization of Weierstrass ' $ \sigma $ -function .	The key geometric loci on the Jacobian of the curve give a stratification of Brill-Noether type .	The results are of the type of Riemann-Kempf singularity theorem , the methods are germane to those used by J.D .
+4	In a two-dimensional structure we demonstrate the phenomenon of negative refraction .	We study different architectures for a photonic crystal in the microwave regime based on superconducting transmission lines interrupted by Josephson junctions , both in one and two dimensions .	A study of the scattering properties of a single junction in the line shows that the junction behaves as a perfect mirror when the photon frequency matches the Josephson plasma frequency .	We generalize our calculations to periodic arrangements of junctions , demonstrating that they can be used for tunable band engineering , forming what we call a quantum circuit crystal .	Two applications are discussed in detail .
+4	They carry away energy and this result in cooling the stellar core .	Gamow-Teller transitions in isotopes of chromium play a consequential role in the presupernova evolution of massive stars .	$ \beta $ -decay and electron capture rates on chromium isotopes significantly affect the time rate of change of lepton fraction ( $ \dot { Y_ { e } } $ ) .	Fine-tuning of this parameter is one of the key for simulating a successful supernova explosion .	The ( anti ) neutrinos produced as a result of electron capture and $ \beta $ -decay are transparent to stellar matter during presupernova phases .
+2	This prediction leads to the following consequences : ( $ i $ ) The MSSM radiative corrections generate only the dark side of the solar neutrino solutions .	We study the consequences of assuming that the mass scale $ \Delta_ { odot } $ corresponding to the solar neutrino oscillations and mixing angle $ U_ { e3 } $ corresponding to the electron neutrino oscillation at CHOOZ are radiatively generated through the standard electroweak gauge interactions .	All the leptonic mass matrices having zero $ \Delta_ { odot } $ and $ U_ { e3 } $ at a high scale lead to a unique low energy value for the $ \Delta_ { odot } $ which is determined by the ( known ) size of the radiative corrections , solar and the atmospheric mixing angle and the Majorana mass of the neutrino observed in neutrinoless double beta decay .	( $ ii $ ) The inverted mass hierarchy ( $ m , -m,0 $ ) at the high scale fails in generating the LMA solution but it can lead to the LOW or vacuum solutions .	( $ iii $ ) The $ \Delta_ { odot } $ generated in models with maximal solar mixing at a high scale is zero to the lowest order in the radiative parameter .
+0	A radio frequency ( RF ) field solver based on Maxwell 's equations and a cold plasma dielectric tensor is em- ployed to describe wave phenomena observed in a cylindrical non-uniform helicon discharge .	The experiment is carried out on a recently built linear plasma-material interaction machine : the MAGnetized Plasma In- teraction Experiment ( MAGPIE ) [ B. D. Blackwell , J. F. Caneses , C. Samuell , J. Wach , J. Howard , and C. S. Corr , submitted on 25 March 2012 to Plasma Sources Science and Technology ] , in which both plasma density and static magnetic field are functions of axial position .	The field strength increases by a factor of 15 from source to target plate , and plasma density and electron temperature are radially non-uniform .	With an enhancement factor of 9.5 to the electron-ion Coulomb collision frequency , 12 % reduction in the antenna radius , and the same other conditions as employed in the experiment , the solver produces axial and radial profiles of wave amplitude and phase that are consistent with measurements .	Ion-acoustic turbulence , which can happen if electron drift velocity exceeds the speed of sound in magnetized plasmas , may account for the factor of 9.5 used to match simulated results with experimental data .
+1	We present simple and provably good heuristics for a number of classical NP-hard optimization problems on unit disk graphs .	Unit disk graphs are intersection graphs of circles of unit radius in the plane .	The problems considered include maximum independent set , minimum vertex cover , minimum coloring and minimum dominating set .	We also present an on-line coloring heuristic which achieves a competitive ratio of 6 for unit disk graphs .	Our heuristics do not need a geometric representation of unit disk graphs .
+3	The smooth differential forms , in discrete setting , are mirrored by cochains on the primal and dual complexes , while the discrete exterior derivative is defined to be the coboundary operator .	This paper addresses the issue of structure-preserving discretization of open distributed-parameter systems with Hamiltonian dynamics .	Employing the formalism of discrete exterior calculus , we introduce a simplicial Dirac structure as a discrete analogue of the Stokes-Dirac structure and demonstrate that it provides a natural framework for deriving finite-dimensional port-Hamiltonian systems that emulate their infinite-dimensional counterparts .	The spatial domain , in the continuous theory represented by a finite-dimensional smooth manifold with boundary , is replaced by a homological manifold-like simplicial complex and its augmented circumcentric dual .	This approach of discrete differential geometry , rather than discretizing the partial differential equations , allows to first discretize the underlying Stokes-Dirac structure and then to impose the corresponding finite-dimensional port-Hamiltonian dynamics .
+2	Main attention is paid to the transmission in dependence on various parameters of the model with two types of rough-surface profiles ( symmetric and antisymmetric ) .	This paper presents an analytical study of the coexistence of different transport regimes in quasi-one-dimensional surface-disordered waveguides ( or electron conductors ) .	To elucidate main features of surface scattering , the case of two open modes ( channels ) is considered in great detail .	It is shown that depending on the symmetry , basic mechanisms of scattering can be either enhanced or suppressed .	As a consequence , different transport regimes can be realized .
+1	As reference motion of the same system without vibrations a circular orbit around the central body is considered .	In this paper the effects of vibrations at high frequencies onto a freely falling two-body system in Schwarzschild spacetime are investigated .	The vibrations induce a perturbation on this motion , whose period is close to the orbital period , in agreement with the simpler situation of the Shirokov effect \cite { Shirokov:1973gr } .	In general relativity the amplitude of the perturbation is dominated by high velocity effects , which grow linearly in the radius $ r $ of the circular orbit , while the leading term surviving the Newtonian limit decays as $ 1/r $ .	Thus even for very large radii a significant difference between Newtonian physics and general relativity is found .
+3	Sudden jumps of electron density at each level in a certain range of applied bias have been found .	It was shown that tunneling current flowing through a system with Coulomb correlations leads to charge redistribution between the different localized states .	Simple model consisting of two electron levels have been analyzed by means of Heisenberg motion equations taking into account all order correlations of electron filling numbers in localized states exactly .	We consider various relations between Coulomb interaction and localized electron energies .	We found that for some parameter range inverse occupation in the two-level system appeared due to Coulomb correlations .
+1	A locating-total dominating set of $ G $ is a total dominating set $ D $ of $ G $ with the additional property that every two distinct vertices outside $ D $ have distinct neighbors in $ D $ ; that is , for distinct vertices $ u $ and $ v $ outside $ D $ , $ N ( u ) \cap D \ne N ( v ) \cap D $ where $ N ( u ) $ denotes the open neighborhood of $ u $ .	A total dominating set of a graph $ G $ is a set $ D $ of vertices of $ G $ such that every vertex of $ G $ has a neighbor in $ D $ .	A graph is twin-free if every two distinct vertices have distinct open and closed neighborhoods .	The location-total domination number of $ G $ , denoted $ LT ( G ) $ , is the minimum cardinality of a locating-total dominating set in $ G $ .	It is well-known that every connected graph of order $ n \geq 3 $ has a total dominating set of size at most $ \frac { 2 } { 3 } n $ .
+2	In one of the two main subclasses of thin Lie algebras the earliest diamond after that in degree one occurs in degree 2q-1 , where q is a power of the characteristic .	Borrowing some terminology from pro-p groups , thin Lie algebras are N-graded Lie algebras of width two and obliquity zero , generated in degree one .	In particular , their homogeneous components have degree one or two , and they are termed diamonds in the latter case .	This paper is a contribution to a classification project of this subclass of thin Lie algebras .	Specifically , we prove that , under certain technical assumptions , the degree of the earliest diamond of finite type in such a Lie algebra can only have a certain form , which does occur in explicit examples constructed elsewhere .
+3	The model is based on a modification of a comb model for cancer cells , where the migration-proliferation dichotomy becomes naturally apparent .	A toy model for glioma treatment by a radio frequency electric field is suggested .	This low-intensity , intermediate-frequency alternating electric field is known as the tumor-treating-field ( TTF ) .	In the framework of this model the efficiency of this TTF is estimated , and the interplay between the TTF and the migration-proliferation dichotomy of cancer cells is considered .	Considering glioma cancer as a fractal dielectric composite of cancer cells and normal tissue cells , a new effective mechanism of glioma treatment is suggested in the form of a giant enhancement of the TTF .
+3	We measured the magnetoresistance ( MR ) of these bilayers versus temperature with and without a magnetic field H normal to the wafer ( MR= [ R ( H ) -R ( 0 ) ] /\ { [ R ( H ) +R ( 0 ) ] /2\ } ) , and under three electric gate-fields of 0 and $ \pm2 $ MV/cm .	Ultrathin $ \rm Bi_2Se_3 $ -NbN bilayers comprise a simple proximity system of a topological insulator and an s-wave superconductor for studying gating effects on topological superconductors .	Here we report on 3 nm thick NbN layers of weakly connected superconducting islands , overlayed with 10 nm thick $ \rm Bi_2Se_3 $ film which facilitates enhanced proximity coupling between them .	Resistance versus temperature of the most resistive bilayers shows insulating behavior but with signs of superconductivity .	The MR results showed a complex set of gate sensitive peaks which extended up to about 30 K. The results are discussed in terms of vortex physics , and the origin of the different MR peaks is identified and attributed to flux-flow MR in the isolated NbN islands and the different proximity regions in the $ \rm Bi_2Se_3 $ cap-layer .
+3	Existing programs for this purpose require very large amounts of computer time , due in part to the requirement for multiprecision arithmetic , yet are poorly suited for parallel processing .	Let $ \ { x_1 , x_2 , ... , x_n\ } $ be a vector of real numbers .	An integer relation algorithm is a computational scheme to find the $ n $ integers $ a_k $ , if they exist , such that $ a_1 x_1 + a_2 x_2 + ... + a_n x_n= 0 $ .	In the past few years , integer relation algorithms have been utilized to discover new results in mathematics and physics .	This paper presents a new integer relation algorithm designed for parallel computer systems , but as a bonus it also gives superior results on single processor systems .
+2	Their imaging performance is evaluated by relative light output ( RLO ) , modulation transfer function ( MTF ) , normalized noise power spectrum ( NNPS ) and noise equivalent quanta ( NEQ ) .	Thallium-doped cesium iodide ( CsI ( Tl ) ) screens are widely used in X-ray imaging devices because of the columnar structure of CsI ( Tl ) layer , but few reports focus on the optical role of the substrate in the screen system .	In this paper , four substrates including fused silica ( SiO2 ) , silver-film coated SiO2 , graphite ( C ) and fiber optic plate ( FOP ) are used to fabricate CsI ( Tl ) screens by thermal evaporation .	The results reveal that although CsI ( Tl ) film on graphite plate yields images with the lowest light output , it presents relatively higher spatial resolution and better signal-to-noise characteristics .	However , films on SiO2 plate obtain low MTF but high NNPS curves , whether or not coated with silver film .
+0	Planets can form and survive in close binaries , although dynamical interactions with the secondary component can actually significantly impact the giant planet formation and evolution .	Rare close binaries hosting giant planets offer therefore an ideal laboratory to explore the properties and the stability of such extreme planetary systems .	In the course of our CFHT and VLT coronographic imaging survey dedicated to the search for faint companions of exoplanet host stars , a close ( about 20 AU ) secondary stellar companion to the exoplanet host HD196885 A was discovered .	For more than 4 years , we have used the NaCo near-infrared adaptive optics instrument to monitor the astrometric position of HD196885 B relative to A .	The system was observed at five different epochs from August 2005 to August 2009 and accurate relative positions were determined .
+3	At z = 1 , we find that the strength of FeII* emission is most strongly modulated by dust attenuation , and is additionally correlated with redshift , star-formation rate , and [ OII ] equivalent width , such that systems at higher redshifts with lower dust levels , lower star-formation rates , and larger [ OII ] equivalent widths show stronger FeII* emission .	We present a study of the prevalence , strength , and kinematics of ultraviolet FeII and MgII emission lines in 212 star-forming galaxies at z = 1 selected from the DEEP2 survey .	We find FeII* emission in composite spectra assembled on the basis of different galaxy properties , indicating that FeII* emission is prevalent at z = 1 .	In these composites , FeII* emission is observed at roughly the systemic velocity .	We detect MgII emission in at least 15 % of the individual spectra and we find that objects showing stronger MgII emission have higher specific star-formation rates , smaller [ OII ] linewidths , larger [ OII ] equivalent widths , lower dust attenuations , and lower stellar masses than the sample as a whole .
+1	In addition , the bulge and main disc are characterised by a remarkable geometrical decoupling .	The early-type spiral NGC 4698 is known to host a nuclear disc of gas and stars which is rotating perpendicularly with respect to the galaxy main disc .	Indeed they appear elongated orthogonally to each other .	In this work the complex structure of the galaxy is investigated by a detailed photometric decomposition of optical and near-infrared images .	The intrinsic shape of the bulge was constrained from its apparent ellipticity , its twist angle with respect to the major axis of the main disc , and the inclination of the main disc .
+1	We consider inhibitory nodes which may be activated just like excitatory nodes but , upon activating , decrease the probability of activation of network neighbors .	The collective dynamics of a network of excitable nodes changes dramatically when inhibitory nodes are introduced .	We show that , although the direct effect of inhibitory nodes is to decrease activity , the collective dynamics becomes self-sustaining .	We explain this counterintuitive result by defining and analyzing a `` branching function '' which may be thought of as an activity-dependent branching ratio .	The shape of the branching function implies that for a range of global coupling parameters dynamics are self-sustaining .
+4	On the other hand , as we explore the conformal manifold of the SU ( 3 ) theory , we find that an exotic rank-two SCFT emerges in a dual SU ( 2 ) description .	We generalize S-duality to N=2 superconformal field theories ( SCFTs ) with Coulomb branch operators of non-integer scaling dimension .	As simple examples , we find minimal generalizations of the S-dualities discovered in SU ( 2 ) gauge theory with four fundamental flavors by Seiberg and Witten and in SU ( 3 ) gauge theory with six fundamental flavors by Argyres and Seiberg .	Our constructions start by weakly gauging diagonal SU ( 2 ) and SU ( 3 ) flavor symmetry subgroups of two copies of a particular rank-one Argyres-Douglas theory ( along with sufficient numbers of hypermultiplets to guarantee conformality of the gauging ) .	As we explore the resulting conformal manifold of the SU ( 2 ) SCFT , we find an action of S-duality on the parameters of the theory that is reminiscent of Spin ( 8 ) triality .
+3	Here , we consider the directed network of protein regulation in E. coli , characterizing its modularity in terms of its potential to transmit signals .	In systems biology new ways are required to analyze the large amount of existing data on regulation of cellular processes .	Recent work can be roughly classified into either dynamical models of well-described subsystems , or coarse-grained descriptions of the topology of the molecular networks at the scale of the whole organism .	In order to bridge these two disparate approaches one needs to develop simplified descriptions of dynamics and topological measures which address the propagation of signals in molecular networks .	We demonstrate that the simplest measure based on identifying sub-networks of strong components , within which each node could send a signal to every other node , indeed partitions the network into functional modules .
+2	We propose an extension to the general , non-collinear case which we implement computationally in the Wannier function form and use to calculate the magnetoelectric monopolizations of LiMnPO $ _4 $ and Cr $ _2 $ O $ _3 $ .	We present a formalism to calculate the macroscopic magnetoelectric monopolization from first principles within the density functional theory framework .	An expression for the monopolization in the case of insulating collinear magnetism is derived first in terms of spin-polarized Wannier functions then recast as a Berry phase .	We find that , while the former is well approximated by a summation over the formal local spin moments , the latter shows significant deviations from this approximation .	We suggest that equating the Berry phase value with a sum over local moments provides an unambiguous route to defining the size of the local magnetic moment in magnetoelectric antiferromagnets containing only one type of magnetic ion .
+3	Faudree , Gy\'arf\'as , Schelp and Tuza~ [ The Strong Chromatic Index of Graphs , Ars Combin. , 29B ( 1990 ) , pp.~205 -- 211 ] considered a particular subclass of chordless graphs , namely the class of graphs in which all the cycle lengths are multiples of four , and asked whether the strong chromatic index of these graphs can be bounded by a linear function of the maximum degree .	A strong edge colouring of a graph is an assignment of colours to the edges of the graph such that for every colour , the set of edges that are given that colour form an induced matching in the graph .	The strong chromatic index of a graph $ G $ , denoted by $ \chi'_s ( G ) $ , is the minimum number of colours needed in any strong edge colouring of $ G $ .	A graph is said to be \emph { chordless } if there is no cycle in the graph that has a chord .	Chang and Narayanan~ [ Strong Chromatic Index of 2-degenerate Graphs , J. Graph Theory , 73 ( 2 ) ( 2013 ) , pp.~119 -- 126 ] answered this question in the affirmative by proving that if $ G $ is a chordless graph with maximum degree $ \Delta $ , then $ \chi'_s ( G ) \leq 8\Delta -6 $ .
+3	Furthermore , realistic fermion mass hierarchies and flavor mixings with the CP violating phase can be reproduced by introducing the 4D brane localized fields and their interactions .	We consider 5 dimensional E_6 and E_7 supersymmetric grand unified theories ( GUTs ) on an orbifold S^1/Z_2 , in which the Higgs fields arise from the 5th components of the 5D gauge fields .	We introduce matter fields in 5 dimensions , then the Yukawa interactions are induced from the gauge interactions among the 5th component of gauge fields and the bulk hyper-multiplets .	The adjoint and fundamental representations of bulk matter fields can induce all Yukawa interactions of the standard model in E_6 GUT .	E_7 GUT can produce all Yukawa interactions by introducing only adjoint matter hyper-multiplet in the bulk .
+2	Using renormalization group and duality mapping , we analyze phase diagrams and transport properties in each of these cases .	We study transport properties of the helical edge states of two-dimensional integer and fractional topological insulators via double constrictions .	Such constrictions couple the upper and lower edges of the sample , and can be made and tuned by adding side gates to the system .	Most interesting is the case of two constrictions tuned to resonance , where we obtain Kondo behavior , with a tunable Kondo temperature .	Moving away from resonance gives the possibility of a metal-insulator transition at some finite detuning .
+4	The bound on $ \treh $ is relaxed to $ \lsim { \rm a few } \times 10^8\gev $ when we use a more conservative bound on $ { ^6 } { \rm Li } / { ^7 } { \rm Li } $ , in which case a new region at small stau mass at $ \sim 100\gev $ and much longer lifetimes opens up .	We re-consider the gravitino as dark matter in the framework of the Constrained MSSM .	We include several recently suggested improvements on : ( i ) the thermal production of gravitinos , ( ii ) the calculation of the hadronic spectrum from NLSP decay and ( iii ) the BBN calculation including stau bound-state effects .	In most cases we find an upper bound on the reheating temperature $ \treh\lsim { \rm a few } \times 10^7\gev $ from over-production of $ ^6 { \rm Li } $ from bound state effects .	We also find an upper limit on the stau lifetime of $ 3\times10^4 \sec $ , which is nearly an order of magnitude larger than the simple limit $ 5\times 10^3 \sec $ often used to avoid the effect of bound-state catalysis .
+0	The quantum noise in a linear amplifier is shown to be thermal noise .	The theory of linear amplifiers is applied first to the simplest , single or double oscillator model of an amplifier , and then to linear model of an amplifier with continuous fields and input and outputs .	Finally it is shown that the thermal noise emitted by black holes first demonstrated by Hawking , and of dumb holes ( sonic and other analogs to black holes ) , arises from the same analysis as for linear amplifiers .	The amplifier noise of black holes acting as amplifiers on the quantum fields living in the spacetime surrounding the black hole is the radiation discovered by Hawking .	For any amplifier , that quantum noise is completely characterized by the attributes of the system regarded as a classical amplifier , and arises out of those classical amplification factors and the commutation relations of quantum mechanics .
+4	It was emphasized that 2D metallic nanostructures may show completely different properties than bulk metals and are in essence novel materials .	A summary is given of a talk on the physics and technology of hybrid metallic nanostructures , with a view to metallic nanoelectronics .	In the beginning of the talk it was noted that the majority of the presentations at the conference were not concerned with electronics but the physics of sensors , since they were devoted to studies of the influence of temperature , magnetic field , whereas electronics is all about modulation of electrical conductance by electrical means .	An overview was given of the latest research into electric field effects in metals , including quantum field effects and effects in ultra-thin quench-condensed metallic films .	A design of Metallic Field Effect Transistor using 2D metallic films was presented , and an estimate for electric field effect was given .
+0	In light of the burgeoning interest in network analysis in the new millenium , we bring to the attention of contemporary network theorists , a two-stage double-standarization and hierarchical clustering ( single-linkage-like ) procedure devised in 1974 .	In its many applications over the next decade -- primarily to the migration flows between geographic subdivisions within nations -- the presence was often revealed of `` hubs '' .	These are , typically , `` cosmopolitan/non-provincial '' areas -- such as the French capital , Paris -- which send and receive people relatively broadly across their respective nations .	Additionally , this two-stage procedure -- which `` might very well be the most successful application of cluster analysis '' ( R. C. Dubes ) -- has detected many ( physically or socially ) isolated groups ( regions ) of areas , such as those forming the southern islands , Shikoku and Kyushu , of Japan , the Italian islands of Sardinia and Sicily , and the New England region of the United States .	Further , we discuss a ( complementary ) approach developed in 1976 , involving the application of the max-flow/min-cut theorem to raw/non-standardized flows .
+1	Moreover we classify these techniques into two ample sub-categories .	In this report , firstly , we presents state of the art survey on Data Management and Data Dissemination techniques with Mobile Sink .	Under this classification , we identify , review , compare , and highlight these techniques and their pros and cons .	We do a SWOT ( Strength , Weaknesses , Opportunities , Threats ) analysis of each scheme .	We also discuss where each scheme is appropriate .
+0	An integral relation between two functions parametrizing the bilocal field strength correlator within the Stochastic Vacuum Model is obtained in the effective Abelian-projected SU ( 2 ) -theory .	This relation is independent of the concrete properties of the ensemble of vortex loops , which are present in the theory under study .	By virtue of the lattice result stating that the infrared asymptotic behaviours of these functions should have the same functional form , the obtained relation enables one to find these behaviours , as well as the infrared asymptotics of the bilocal correlator of densities of the vortex loops .	Those turn out to be exponentials , decreasing at the inverse mass of the dual vector boson , times certain polynomials in the inverse integer powers of the distance .	This result agrees with the general predictions and the existing lattice data better than the results of previous calculations , where these powers were found to be half-integer ones .
+3	All data except at theta=90 degree can be scaled by the Blatter plot .	The angular-dependent critical current density , Jc ( theta ) , and the upper critical field , Hc2 ( theta ) , of epitaxial Ba ( Fe1-xCox ) 2As2 thin films have been investigated .	No Jc ( theta ) peaks for H || c were observed regardless of temperatures and magnetic fields .	In contrast , Jc ( theta ) showed a broad maximum at theta=90 degree , which arises from intrinsic pinning .	Hc2 ( theta ) near Tc follows the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau expression .
+0	The magnetic anisotropy of a FeCuNbSiB ( Finemet ) film deposited on Kapton has been studied by micro-strip ferromagnetic resonance technique .	We have shown that the flexibility of the substrate allows a good transmission of elastic strains generated by a piezoelectric actuator .	Following the resonance field angular dependence , we also demonstrate the possibility of controlling the magnetic anisotropy of the film by applying relatively small voltages to the actuator .	Moreover , a suitable model taking into account the effective elastic strains measured by digital image correlation and the effective elastic coefficients measured by Brillouin light scattering , allowed to deduce the magnetostrictive coefficient .	This latter was found to be positive $ ( \lambda=16\times10^ { -6 } $ ) and consistent with the usually reported values for bulk amorphous FeCuNbSiB .
+4	Independently of us , Ambainis et al proved that different variants of the function $ F $ certify optimal ( quadratic ) separation between $ D ( f ) $ and $ R_0 ( f ) $ , and polynomial separation between $ R_0 ( f ) $ and $ R_1 ( f ) $ .	We show that there exists a Boolean function $ F $ which observes the following separations among deterministic query complexity $ ( D ( F ) ) $ , randomized zero error query complexity $ ( R_0 ( F ) ) $ and randomized one-sided error query complexity $ ( R_1 ( F ) ) $ : $ R_1 ( F ) = \widetilde { O } ( \sqrt { D ( F ) } ) $ and $ R_0 ( F ) =\widetilde { O } ( D ( F ) ) ^ { 3/4 } $ .	This refutes the conjecture made by Saks and Wigderson that for any Boolean function $ f $ , $ R_0 ( f ) =\Omega ( { D ( f ) } ) ^ { 0.753.. } $ .	This also shows widest separation between $ R_1 ( f ) $ and $ D ( f ) $ for any Boolean function .	The function $ F $ was defined by G { \ '' { o } } { \ '' { o } } s , Pitassi and Watson who studied it for showing a separation between deterministic decision tree complexity and unambiguous non-deterministic decision tree complexity .
+1	We first describe a simple projected mass estimator and then develop an approach that evaluates directly the likelihood of the discrete kinematic data given the model predictions .	We lay out and apply methods to use proper motions of individual kinematic tracers for estimating the dynamical mass of star clusters .	Those predictions may come from any dynamical modelling approach , and we implement an analytic King model , a spherical isotropic Jeans equation model and an axisymmetric , anisotropic Jeans equation model.We apply these approaches to the enigmatic globular cluster omega Centauri , combining the proper motion from van Leeuwen et al ( 2000 ) with improved photometric cluster membership probabilities .	We show that all mass estimates based on spherical isotropic models yield $ ( 4.55\pm 0.1 ) \times 10^6 M_ { \odot } [ D/5.5 \pm 0.2 kpc ] ^3 $ , where our modelling allows us to show how the statistical precision of this estimate improves as more proper motion data of lower signal-to-noise are included .	MLM predictions , based on an anisotropic axisymmetric Jeans model , indicate for $ \omega $ Cen that the inclusion of anisotropies is not important for the mass estimates , but that accounting for the flattening is : flattened models imply $ ( 4.05\pm 0.1 ) \times 10^6 M_ { \odot } [ D/5.5 \pm 0.2 kpc ] ^3 $ , 10 % lower than when restricting the analysis to a spherical model .
+4	This may imply that the slopes of the Baldwin Effect for these transitions evolve with redshift , steepening with cosmic time .	Faint quasar surveys are necessary complements to bright quasar surveys to remove the degeneracy between redshift and luminosity inherent in any single magnitude-limited sample .	I discuss two ongoing surveys for faint quasars at 3.3 & lt ; z & lt ; 5 and 5 & lt ; z & lt ; 6 using imaging data from the Big Throughput Camera on the CTIO 4m .	I also discuss a sample of faint spectroscopically selected AGN with z & lt ; 4.7 found serendipitously in the CNOC2 Field Galaxy Redshift Survey .	Faint quasars at 2 & lt ; z & lt ; 3.5 from this sample , when combined with literature data on more luminous quasars at the same redshift , show evidence for a much weaker Baldwin Effect in CIV 1549 and Ly-alpha than previously seen at z & lt ; 1.5 .
+2	( 2003 ) and Schachermayer ( 2004 ) .	In this note , we consider a general discrete time financial market with proportional transaction costs as in Kabanov and Stricker ( 2001 ) , Kabanov et al .	( 2002 ) , Kabanov et al .	We provide a dual formulation for the set of initial endowments which allow to super-hedge some American claim .	We show that this extends the result of Chalasani and Jha ( 2001 ) which was obtained in a model with constant transaction costs and risky assets which evolve on a finite dimensional tree .
+3	We derive upper limits on any additional periodic modulations in the available data , by modeling the light-curve as the sum of red noise and the known 5.2 yr periodic component , and injecting additional sinusoidal signals .	Graham et al .	( 2015 ) discovered a supermassive black hole binary ( SMBHB ) candidate and identified the detected 5.2 yr period of the optical variability as the orbital period of the binary .	Hydrodynamical simulations predict multiple periodic components for the variability of SMBHBs , thus raising the possibility that the true period of the binary is different from 5.2 yr. We analyse the periodogram of PG1302 and find no compelling evidence for additional peaks .	We find that , with the current data , we would be able to detect with high significance ( false alarm probability & lt ; 1 % ) secondary periodic terms with periods in the range predicted by the simulations , if the amplitude of the variability was at least ~0.07 mag ( compared to 0.14 mag for the main peak ) .
+3	We also present evidence for pulse profile evolution , which is likely due to geodetic precession , a relativistic effect caused by the misalignment of the pulsar spin and total angular momentum vectors .	We report the discovery of PSR J1906+0746 , a young 144-ms pulsar in a highly relativistic 3.98-hr orbit with an eccentricity of 0.085 and expected gravitational wave coalescence time of 300 Myr .	The new pulsar was found during precursor survey observations with the Arecibo 1.4-GHz feed array system and retrospectively detected in the Parkes Multibeam plane pulsar survey data .	From radio follow-up observations with Arecibo , Jodrell Bank , Green Bank , and Parkes , we have measured the spin-down and binary parameters of the pulsar and its basic spectral and polarization properties .	Our measurements show that PSR J1906+0746 is a young object with a characteristic age of 112 kyr .
+3	This paper proposes a joint factor analysis and latent clustering framework , which aims at learning cluster-aware low-dimensional representations of matrix and tensor data .	Dimensionality reduction techniques play an essential role in data analytics , signal processing and machine learning .	Dimensionality reduction is usually performed in a preprocessing stage that is separate from subsequent data analysis , such as clustering or classification .	Finding reduced-dimension representations that are well-suited for the intended task is more appealing .	The proposed approach leverages matrix and tensor factorization models that produce essentially unique latent representations of the data to unravel latent cluster structure -- which is otherwise obscured because of the freedom to apply an oblique transformation in latent space .
+3	The roots of given norm are parameterized in terms of a hypotrochoid curve along a $ \mathbb { C } $ -slice of the space of trinomials , with multiple roots of this norm appearing exactly on the singularities .	The behavior of norms of roots of univariate trinomials $ z^ { s+t } + p z^t + q \in \mathbb { C } [ z ] $ for fixed support $ A = \ { 0 , t , s+t\ } \subset \mathbb { N } $ with respect to the choice of coefficients $ p , q \in \mathbb { C } $ is a classical late 19th and early 20th century problem .	Although algebraically characterized by P.\ Bohl in 1908 , the geometry and topology of the corresponding parameter space of coefficients had yet to be revealed .	Assuming $ s $ and $ t $ to be coprime we provide such a characterization for the space of trinomials by reinterpreting the problem in terms of amoeba theory .	As a main result , we show that the set of all trinomials with support $ A $ and certain roots of identical norm , as well as its complement can be deformation retracted to the torus knot $ K ( s+t , s ) $ , and thus are connected but not simply connected .
+3	Moreover we propose three tests for recognition such specific behavior .	This paper is devoted to testing time series that exhibit behavior related to two or more regimes with different statistical properties .	Motivation of our study are two real data sets from plasma physics with observable two-regimes structure .	In this paper we develop estimation procedure for critical point of division the structure change of a time series .	The presented methodology is based on the empirical second moment and its main advantage is lack of the distribution assumption .
+4	They are clearly separated into two parts on the Y-K/g-z color-color diagram , and 59 of them meet or lie close to a newly proposed Y-K/g-z selection criterion for z & lt ; 4 quasars .	The identifications of quasars in the redshift range 2.2 & lt ; z & lt ; 3 are known to be very inefficient as their optical colors are indistinguishable from those of stars .	Recent studies have proposed to use optical variability or near-IR colors to improve the identifications of the missing quasars in this redshift range .	Here we present a case study by combining both factors .	We select a sample of 70 quasar candidates from variables in SDSS Stripe 82 , which are non-UV excess sources and have UKIDSS near-IR public data .
+3	Accordingly , spectroscopic measurements revealed the electronic difference between the surface alloy and Mn layers .	Mixing of atoms at the interface was studied for Mn/Fe magnetic hetero-epitaxial layers on Cu ( 001 ) by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy .	The formation of a surface alloy was observed when the Mn layer was thinner than 3 atomic layers .	From the fourth layer , Fe segregation is suppressed , and a pure Mn surface appears .	The surface electronic structure of the fourth Mn layer is slightly different from that of the fifth layers , which is attributed to the hybridization of the fourth layer with the underneath Fe-Mn alloy .
+1	This becomes evident when studying different spatial scales within galaxies .	Interstellar magnetic fields and the propagation of cosmic ray electrons have an important impact on the radio-infrared ( IR ) correlation in galaxies .	We investigate the correlation between the infrared ( IR ) and free-free/synchrotron radio continuum emission at 20 cm from the two local group galaxies M31 and M33 on spatial scales between 0.4 and 10 kpc .	The multi-scale radio-IR correlations have been carried out using a wavelet analysis .	The free-free and IR emission are correlated on all scales , but on some scales the synchrotron emission is only marginally correlated with the IR emission .
+3	On the other hand , for larger pulse areas , carrier-wave Rabi flopping occurs , and is associated with a more complex structure in the third harmonic .	We present the first theoretical investigation of carrier-wave Rabi flopping in real atoms by employing numerical simulations of high-order harmonic generation ( HHG ) in alkali species .	Given the short HHG cutoff , related to the low saturation intensity , we concentrate on the features of the third harmonic of sodium ( Na ) and potassium ( K ) atoms .	For pulse areas of 2 $ \pi $ and Na atoms , a characteristic unique peak appears , which , after analyzing the ground state population , we correlate with the conventional Rabi flopping .	These new characteristics observed in K atoms indicate the breakdown of the area theorem , as was already demonstrated under similar circumstances in narrow band gap semiconductors .
+0	We study numerical integration of functions depending on an infinite number of variables .	We provide lower error bounds for general deterministic linear algorithms and provide matching upper error bounds with the help of suitable multilevel algorithms and changing dimension algorithms .	More precisely , the spaces of integrands we consider are weighted reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces with norms induced by an underlying anchored function space decomposition .	Here the weights model the relative importance of different groups of variables .	The error criterion used is the deterministic worst case error .
+4	In contrast to [ B. Dayan \textit { et al .	We study the Rayleigh scattering induced by a diamond nanocrystal in a whispering-gallery-microcavity -- waveguide coupling system , and find that it plays a significant role in the photon transportation .	On one hand , this study provides a new insight into future solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics toward strong coupling physics .	On the other hand , benefitting from this Rayleigh scattering , novel photon transportation such as dipole induced transparency and strong photon antibunching can occur simultaneously .	As potential applications , this system can function as high-efficiency photon turnstiles .
+3	The difference gives a thickness for Titan 's atmosphere of 880 $ \pm $ 60 km .	Saturn 's largest satellite , Titan , transited the Crab Nebula on 5 January 2003 .	We observed this astronomical event with the { \it Chandra } X-ray Observatory .	An `` occultation shadow '' has clearly been detected and is found to be larger than the diameter of Titan 's solid surface .	This is the first measurement of Titan 's atmospheric extent at X-ray wavelengths .
+4	A strong heating effect in the optical star atmosphere is discovered spectroscopically .	Results of simultaneous { \it INTEGRAL } and optical observations of galactic microquasar SS433 in May 2003 are presented .	The analysis of the X-ray and optical eclipse duration and hard X-ray spectra obtained by { \it INTEGRAL } together with optical spectroscopy obtained on the 6-m telescope allows us to construct a model of SS433 as a massive X-ray binary .	X-ray eclipse in hard X-rays has a depth of $ \sim 80 % $ and extended wings .	The optical spectroscopy allows us to identify the optical companion as a A5-A7 supergiant and to measure its radial velocity semi-amplitude $ K_v=132 $ km/s .
+1	EuMnBi2 is isostructural with the Dirac material SrMnBi2 based on single crystal x-ray diffraction , crystallizing in the I4/mmm space group ( No.139 ) .	The crystal structure and physical properties of the layered material EuMnBi2 have been characterized by measurements on single crystals .	Magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest antiferromagnetic ( AFM ) ordering of moments on divalent Eu ions near T_N=22K .	For low fields , the ordered Eu moments are aligned along the c-axis , and a spin-flop is observed near 5.4T at 5K .	The moment is not saturated in an applied field of 13T at 5K , which is uncommon for compounds containing Eu^ { 2+ } .
+3	These are explained theoretically first time by Schamel et.al [ Phys.Scr .	Solitary electrons holes ( SEHs ) are localized electrostatic positive potential structures in collisionless plasmas .	These are vortex-like structures in the electron phase space .	Its existence is cause of distortion of the electron distribution in the resonant region .	20 , 336 ( 1979 ) and Phys .
+4	A procedure is developed , that allows us to exactly fix the unknown parameters in the case of a Bethe lattice with any coordination number z. Non-local correlation functions up to four points are also provided together with a study of the relevant thermodynamic quantities .	We exactly solve the ferromagnetic spin-1/2 Ising model on the Bethe lattice in the presence of an external magnetic field by means of the equations of motion method within the Green 's function formalism .	In particular , such an approach is applied to an isomorphic model of localized Fermi particles interacting via an intersite Coulomb interaction .	A complete set of eigenoperators is found together with the corresponding eigenvalues .	The Green 's functions and the correlation functions are written in terms of a finite set of parameters to be self-consistently determined .
+0	Autotuning is an established technique for optimizing the performance of parallel applications .	However , programmers must prepare applications for autotuning , which is tedious and error prone coding work .	We demonstrate how applications become ready for autotuning with few or no modifications by extending Threading Building Blocks ( TBB ) , a library for parallel programming , with autotuning .	The extended TBB library optimizes all application-independent tuning parameters fully automatically .	We compare manual effort , autotuning overhead and performance gains on 17 examples .
+4	The entries of $ H $ are solutions of two systems of ordinary differential equations .	The main purpose of this paper is to compute all irreducible spherical functions on $ G=\SU ( 3 ) $ of arbitrary type $ \delta\in \hat K $ , where $ K= { \mathrm { S } } ( \mathrm { U } ( 2 ) \times\mathrm { U } ( 1 ) ) \simeq\mathrm { U } ( 2 ) $ .	This is accomplished by associating to a spherical function $ \Phi $ on $ G $ a matrix valued function $ H $ on the complex projective plane $ P_2 ( \mathbb { C } ) =G/K $ .	It is well known that there is a fruitful connection between the hypergeometric function of Euler and Gauss and the spherical functions of trivial type associated to a rank one symmetric pair $ ( G , K ) $ .	But the relation of spherical functions of types of dimension bigger than one with classical analysis , has not been worked out even in the case of an example of a rank one pair .
+0	We analyze stability of a system which contains an harmonic oscillator non-linearly coupled to its second harmonic , in the presence of a driving force .	It is found that there always exists a critical amplitude of the driving force above which a loss of stability appears .	The dependence of the critical input power on the physical parameters is analyzed .	For a driving force with higher amplitude chaotic behavior is observed .	Generalization to interactions which include higher modes is discussed .
+1	Theories of this type considered before have had problems accommodating the standard model fermion content and Yukawa couplings different from the gauge coupling .	We consider the possibility that the standard model Higgs fields may originate from extra components of higher dimensional gauge fields .	Considering orbifolds based on abelian discrete groups we are lead to a 6 dimensional G_2 gauge theory compactified on T^2/Z_4 .	This theory can naturally produce the SM Higgs fields with the right quantum numbers while predicting the value of the weak mixing angle sin^2 theta_W = 0.25 at the tree-level , close to the experimentally observed one .	The quartic scalar coupling for the Higgs is generated by the higher dimensional gauge interaction and predicts the existence of a light Higgs .
+4	Other mechanisms which may lead to successful leptogenesis from the RH lepton sector interactions are also briefly presented .	Instead of creating the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe by the decay of right-handed ( RH ) neutrinos to left-handed leptons , we propose to generate it dominantly by the decay of the RH neutrinos to RH leptons .	This mechanism turns out to be successful in large regions of parameter space .	It may work , in particular , at a scale as low as $ \sim $ ~TeV , with no need to invoke quasi-degenerate RH neutrino masses to resonantly enhance the asymmetry .	Such a possibility can be probed experimentally by the observation at colliders of a singlet charged Higgs particle and of RH neutrinos .
+0	The angular distribution of low-frequency radiation after single scattering by an isotropic distribution of relativistic electrons considerably differs from the Rayleigh angular function .	In particular , the scattering by an ensemble of ultra-relativistic electrons obeys the law p=1-cos ( alpha ) , where alpha is the scattering angle ; hence photons are preferentially scattered backwards .	We discuss some consequences of this fact for astrophysical problems .	We show that a hot electron-scattering atmosphere is more reflective than a cold one : the fraction of incident photons which become reflected having suffered a single scattering event can be larger by up to 50 per cent in the former case .	This should affect the photon exchange between cold accretion disks and hot coronae or ADAF flows in the vicinity of relativistic compact objects ; as well as the rate of cooling ( through multiple inverse-Compton scattering of seed photons supplied from outside ) of optically thick clouds of relativistic electrons in compact radiosources .
+0	Many scenarios for the origin of the chemical anomalies observed in globular clusters ( GCs ; i.e. , multiple populations ) require that GCs were much more massive at birth , up to $ 10-100\times $ , than they are presently .	This is invoked in order to have enough material processed through first generation stars in order to form the observed numbers of enriched stars ( inferred to be second generation stars in these models ) .	If such mass loss was due to tidal stripping , gas expulsion , or tidal interaction with the birth environment , there should be clear correlations between the fraction of enriched stars and other cluster properties , whereas the observations show a remarkably uniform enriched fraction of $ 0.68\pm0.07 $ ( from 33 observed GCs ) .	If interpreted in the heavy mass loss paradigm , this means that all GCs lost the same fraction of their initial mass ( between $ 95-98 $ \ % ) , regardless of their mass , metallicity , location at birth or subsequent migration , or epoch of formation .	This is incompatible with predictions , hence we suggest that GCs were not significantly more massive at birth , and that the fraction of enriched to primordial stars observed in clusters today likely reflects their initial value .
+4	We finally present some results obtained with the modified algorithm , in the balanced as well as in the imbalanced case .	The Fermi gas at unitarity is a particularly interesting system of cold atoms , being dilute and strongly interacting at the same time .	It can be studied non-perturbatively with Monte Carlo methods , like the recently developed worm algorithm .	We discuss our implementation and tests of this algorithm and suggest a modification that increases its efficiency by reducing autocorrelations .	We then show how the worm algorithm can be applied to calculate the critical temperature of an imbalanced Fermi gas ( unequal number of fermions in the two spin components ) .
+3	We show that this CRN completes in expected time O ( n ) , where n is the total number of input molecules .	This paper answers an open question of Chen , Doty , and Soloveichik [ 1 ] , who showed that a function f : N^k -- & gt ; N^l is deterministically computable by a stochastic chemical reaction network ( CRN ) if and only if the graph of f is a semilinear subset of N^ { k+l } .	That construction crucially used `` leaders '' : the ability to start in an initial configuration with constant but non-zero counts of species other than the k species X_1 , ... , X_k representing the input to the function f. The authors asked whether deterministic CRNs without a leader retain the same power .	We answer this question affirmatively , showing that every semilinear function is deterministically computable by a CRN whose initial configuration contains only the input species X_1 , ... , X_k , and zero counts of every other species .	This time bound is slower than the O ( log^5 n ) achieved in [ 1 ] , but faster than the O ( n log n ) achieved by the direct construction of [ 1 ] ( Theorem 4.1 in the latest online version of [ 1 ] ) , since the fast construction of that paper ( Theorem 4.4 ) relied heavily on the use of a fast , error-prone CRN that computes arbitrary computable functions , and which crucially uses a leader .
+1	In a number of deterministic scale-free networks we observe a power-law correction to a logarithmic dependence , $ \ell ( k ) = A\ln [ N/k^ { ( \gamma-1 ) /2 } ] - C k^ { \gamma-1 } /N + ... $ in a wide range of network sizes .	We study the mean length $ \ell ( k ) $ of the shortest paths between a vertex of degree $ k $ and other vertices in growing networks , where correlations are essential .	Here $ N $ is the number of vertices in the network , $ \gamma $ is the degree distribution exponent , and the coefficients $ A $ and $ C $ depend on a network .	We compare this law with a corresponding $ \ell ( k ) $ dependence obtained for random scale-free networks growing through the preferential attachment mechanism .	In stochastic and deterministic growing trees with an exponential degree distribution , we observe a linear dependence on degree , $ \ell ( k ) \cong A\ln N - C k $ .
+3	We find that their potential contribution is generally comparable to the instrumental noise , and approaches the CMB anisotropy level at small angular scales .	Current estimates of number counts of radio sources in the frequency range where the most sensitive Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) experiments are carried out significantly under-represent sources with strongly inverted spectra .	Hot accretion flows around supermassive black holes in the nuclei of nearby galaxies are expected to produce inverted radio spectra by thermal synchrotron emission .	We calculate the temperature fluctuations and power spectra of these sources in the Planck Surveyor 30 GHz energy channel , where their emission is expected to peak .	Forthcoming CMB missions , which will provide a large statistical sample of inverted-spectra sources , will be crucial for determining the distribution of hot accretion flows in nearby quiescent galactic nuclei .
+1	These observations reveal a large number of luminous Mid-Infrared ( MIR ) sources .	We present results of ultra-deep ISOCAM observations through a cluster-lens at 7 and 15 micron with the Infrared Space Observatory ( ISO ) satellite .	Cross-identification in the optical and Near-Infrared ( NIR ) wavebands shows that about half of the 7 micron sources are cluster galaxies .	The other 7 micron and almost all 15 micron sources are identified as lensed distant galaxies .	Thanks to the gravitational amplification they constitute the faintest MIR detected sources , allowing us to extend the number counts in both the 7 and 15 micron bands .
+0	Reducing work fluctuation and dissipation in heat engines or , more generally , information heat engines that perform feedback control is vital to maximize their efficiency .	The same problem arises when we attempt to maximize the efficiency of a given thermodynamic task that undergoes nonequilibrium processes for arbitrary initial and final states .	We find that the most general trade-off relation between work fluctuation and dissipation applicable to arbitrary nonequilibrium processes is bounded from below by the information distance characterizing how far the system is from thermal equilibrium .	The minimum amount of dissipation is found to be given in terms of the relative entropy and the Renyi divergence , both of which quantify the information distance between the state of the system and the canonical distribution .	We give an explicit protocol that achieves the fundamental lower bound of the trade-off relation .
+3	For this purpose we derive a novel illumination-invariant distance measure between 2D photo and projected 3D model , which is then minimised to find the best pose parameters .	The problem of identifying the 3D pose of a known object from a given 2D image has important applications in Computer Vision ranging from robotic vision to image analysis .	Our proposed method of registering a 3D model of a known object on a given 2D photo of the object has numerous advantages over existing methods : It does neither require prior training nor learning , nor knowledge of the camera parameters , nor explicit point correspondences or matching features between image and model .	Unlike techniques that estimate a partial 3D pose ( as in an overhead view of traffic or machine parts on a conveyor belt ) , our method estimates the complete 3D pose of the object , and works on a single static image from a given view , and under varying and unknown lighting conditions .	Results for vehicle pose detection are presented .
+1	In particular , we show that networks being uncorrelated at the hidden level are also lacking in correlations between node degrees .	The paper orders certain important issues related to both uncorrelated and correlated networks with hidden variables .	The observation supported by the depoissonization idea allows to extract distribution of hidden variables from a given node degree distribution .	It completes the algorithm for generating uncorrelated networks that was suggested by other authors .	In this paper we also carefully analyze the interplay between hidden attributes and node degrees .
+4	We obtain new results for the phase diagram , free energy , entropy and specific heat of thin films of superfluid He-3 .	The pairing correlations in superfluid He-3 are strongly modified by quasiparticle scattering off a surface or an interface .	We present theoretical results and predictions for the order parameter , the quasiparticle excitation spectrum and the free energy for thin films of superfluid He-3 .	Both specular and diffuse scattering by a substrate are considered , while the free surface is assumed to be a perfectly reflecting specular boundary .	The results are based on self-consistent calculations of the order parameter and quasiparticle excitation spectrum at zero pressure .
+2	We also obtained continuum parameters , including 250eV X-ray luminosities derived from the ROSAT database .	This work studies the optical emission line properties of a sample of 155 low-redshift bright X-ray selected ROSAT Seyfert~1 type AGN for which adequate signal-to-noise ratio spectroscopic observations are available .	We measured emission line properties by performing multi-component fits to the emission line profiles , covering the effect of blended iron emission .	In addition , the measured properties are gathered for a correlation analysis , which confirms the well-known relations between the strengths of Fe~II , [ O III ] emission and the X-ray slope .	We also detect striking correlations between H $ \beta $ redshift ( or blueshift ) , flux ratios of Fe `II to H $ \beta $ broad component and [ O III ] to H $ \beta $ narrow component .
+4	It shows the Hopf point branch and the homoclinic branch emanating from the Takens-Bogdanov point are $ O ( \varepsilon ) $ shifted by the forward Euler method , where $ \varepsilon $ is step size .	A new technique for calculating the normal forms associated with the map restricted to the center manifold of a class of parameterized maps near the fixed point is given first .	Then we show the Takens-Bogdanov point of delay differential equations is inherited by the forward Euler method without any shift and turns into a 1:1 resonance point .	The normal form near the 1:1 resonance point for the numerical discretization is calculated next by applying the new technique to the map defined by the forward Euler method .	The local dynamical behaviors are analyzed in detail through the normal form .
+0	We calculate the dynamical behaviour of a hole in various spin backgrounds in infinite dimensions , where it can be determined exactly .	We consider hypercubic lattices with two different types of spin backgrounds .	On one hand we study an ensemble of spin configurations with an arbitrary spin probability on each sublattice .	This model corresponds to a thermal average over all spin configurations in the presence of staggered or uniform magnetic fields .	On the other hand we consider a definite spin state characterized by the angle between the spins on different sublattices , i.e a classical spin system in an external magnetic field .
+4	These findings suggest a selective dynamical lattice involvement with the anisotropic electron-phonon coupling being on a time scale ( 1 to 3.5 ps depending on direction ) of the same order of magnitude as that of the spin exchange of electron pairing in the high-temperature superconducting phase .	The mechanism of electron pairing in high-temperature superconductors is still the subject of intense debate .	Here , we provide direct evidence of the role of structural dynamics , with selective atomic motions ( buckling of copper-oxygen planes ) , in the anisotropic electronlattice coupling .	The transient structures were determined using time-resolved electron diffraction , following carrier excitation with polarized femtosecond heating pulses , and examined for different dopings and temperatures .	The deformation amplitude reaches 0.5 % of the c-axis value of 30 A when the light polarization is in the direction of the copper-oxygen bond , but its decay slows down at 45 degrees .
+1	We assume that the perturbations are generated by the vacuum fluctuations of a scalar field slowly rolling down its potential , and that the transition into the subsequent epoch takes place much faster than a Hubble time .	We study the effect on the primordial cosmological perturbations of a sharp transition from inflationary to a radiation and matter dominated epoch respectively .	The behaviour of the superhorizon perturbations corresponding to cosmological scales in this case is well known .	However , it is not clear how perturbations on scales of and smaller than the Hubble horizon scale at the end of inflation may evolve through such a transition .	We derive the evolution equation for the gravitational potential $ \Psi $ , which allows us to study the evolution of the perturbations on all scales under these circumstances .
+1	This problem was addressed by means of a simple , yet effective approach using handmade , uniform and unordered schedules of multiple solvers in ppfolio , which showed very impressive performance in the 2011 SAT Competition .	Although Boolean Constraint Technology has made tremendous progress over the last decade , the efficacy of state-of-the-art solvers is known to vary considerably across different types of problem instances and is known to depend strongly on algorithm parameters .	Inspired by this , we take advantage of the modeling and solving capacities of Answer Set Programming ( ASP ) to automatically determine more refined , that is , non-uniform and ordered solver schedules from existing benchmarking data .	We begin by formulating the determination of such schedules as multi-criteria optimization problems and provide corresponding ASP encodings .	The resulting encodings are easily customizable for different settings and the computation of optimum schedules can mostly be done in the blink of an eye , even when dealing with large runtime data sets stemming from many solvers on hundreds to thousands of instances .
+0	In this paper we study robust pulse design for electron shuttling in solid state devices .	This is crucial for many practical applications of coherent quantum mechanical systems .	Our objective is to design control pulses that can transport an electron along a chain of donors , and also make this process robust to parameter uncertainties .	We formulate it as a set of optimal control problems on the special unitary group SU ( n ) , and derive explicit expressions for the gradients of the aggregate transfer fidelity .	Numerical results for a donor chain of ionized phosphorus atoms in bulk silicon demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm .
+1	Let $ ( i\gamma^\mu\partial_\mu - \mathcal { B } ) \psi=0 $ be the Dirac equation .	We deal with quantum field theory in the restriction to external Bose fields .	We prove that a non-quantized Bose field $ \mathcal { B } $ is a functional of the Dirac field $ \psi $ , whenever this $ \psi $ is strictly canonical .	Performing the trivial verification for the $ \mathcal { B } : = m = $ constant which yields the free Dirac field , we also prepare the tedious verifications for all $ \mathcal { B } $ which are non-quantized and static .	Such verifications must not be confused , however , with the easy and rigorous proof of our formula , which is shown in detail .
+1	Building on the technique of linear computation coding ( LCC ) proposed by Nazer and Gastpar [ 2007 ] , we employ the ensemble of nested coset codes to derive a new set of sufficient conditions for computing the sum of sources over an \textit { arbitrary } MAC .	The problem of computing sum of sources over a multiple access channel ( MAC ) is considered .	The optimality of nested coset codes [ Padakandla , Pradhan 2011 ] enables this technique outperform LCC even for linear MAC with a structural match .	Examples of nonadditive MAC for which the technique proposed herein outperforms separation and systematic based computation are also presented .	Finally , this technique is enhanced by incorporating separation based strategy , leading to a new set of sufficient conditions for computing the sum over a MAC .
+4	The key idea is to impose a prior that higher order derivatives in the learned feature space must be small .	How can unlabeled video augment visual learning ?	Existing methods perform `` slow '' feature analysis , encouraging the representations of temporally close frames to exhibit only small differences .	While this standard approach captures the fact that high-level visual signals change slowly over time , it fails to capture *how* the visual content changes .	We propose to generalize slow feature analysis to `` steady '' feature analysis .
+4	The relevant parameter of this exchange is given .	A next-to-leading order QCD calculation of non-singlet spin structure function , $ g_ { 1 } ^ { NS } $ is presented within the valon representation of Hadrons .	In the valon model , it is assumed that a nucleon is composed of three dressed valence quarks : the valons which have their own internal structure , the valence quark with its associated sea quarks and gluons .	The results are in good agreement with all available data from SMC , E143 , HERMES and with the newly released data from COMPASS experiments .	It appears that the small x tail of $ g_ { 1 } ^ { NS } $ can be described by a single Regge-type exchange .
+2	( PL 112B , ( 1982 ) ) ending in a critical point associated with vorticity .	The 2D RP ( 2 ) gauge model is studied using the Monte-Carlo Renormalization Group .	We confirm the first-order transition reported by Solomon et al .	We find evidence for a new renormalized trajectory which is responsible for a cross-over from the vortex dominated regime to the O ( 3 ) regime as the coupling is reduced .	Near to the cross-over region a good signal for scaling will be observed in RP ( 2 ) but this is illusory and is due to the proximity of the new renormalized trajectory .
+4	The dynamic magnetic properties of the nanostructures are systematically investigated as a function of the lateral dimension .	Magnetic insulators such as yttrium iron garnet , Y3Fe5O12 , with extremely low magnetic damping have opened the door for low power spin-orbitronics due to their low energy dissipation and efficient spin current generation and transmission .	We demonstrate reliable and efficient epitaxial growth and nanopatterning of Y3Fe5O12 thin-film based nanostructures on insulating Gd3Ga5O12 substrates .	In particular , our fabrication process is compatible with conventional sputtering and liftoff , and does not require aggressive ion milling which may be detrimental to the oxide thin films .	Structural and magnetic properties indicate good qualities , in particular low magnetic damping of both films and patterned structures .
+0	It is now generally agreed that some process prevents the diffuse gas in galaxy clusters from cooling significantly , although there is less agreement about the nature of this process .	I suggest that cluster gas may be heated by a natural extension of the mechanism establishing the $ \mbh-\sigma $ and $ \mbh - M_ { \rm bulge } $ relations in galaxies , namely outflows resulting from super -- Eddington accretion on to the galaxy 's central black hole .	The black holes in cD galaxies are sporadically fed at unusually high Eddington ratios .	These are triggered as the cluster gas tries to cool , but rapidly quenched by the resulting shock heating .	This mechanism is close to the optimum efficiency for using accretion energy to reheat cluster gas , and probably more effective than `radio mode ' heating by jets for example .
+2	I report on work cross-correlating the COBE DMR and ROSAT All-Sky Survey in a selected area of the sky .	Statistical comparisons of microwave maps in the GHz range and X-ray maps at around 1 keV are an interesting probe to constrain different astrophysical phenomena .	Possible correlations on various angular scales and with different frequency ( energy ) dependences , although not expected at present day experimental sensitivity , could in principle be due to Galactic emission/absorption , the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect , the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect in cosmological models with a cosmological constant or low density , or X-ray luminous radio sources such as radio-loud AGNs .	This area ( +40 deg & lt ; b , 70 deg & lt ; l & lt ; 250 deg ) is the best presently available data set probing the medium-hard extragalactic X-ray background around 1 keV .	No significant correlation on astrophysically relevant scales has been found in this analysis , but it will be possible to infer constraints from the limits .
+1	The method requires solution of a boundary value problem with a mixed ( hyperbolic and elliptic ) character .	The periodic standing wave ( PSW ) method for the binary inspiral of black holes and neutron stars computes exact numerical solutions for periodic standing wave spacetimes and then extracts approximate solutions of the physical problem , with outgoing waves .	We present here a new numerical method for such problems , based on three innovations : ( i ) a coordinate system adapted to the geometry of the problem , ( ii ) an expansion in multipole moments of these coordinates and a filtering out of higher moments , and ( iii ) the replacement of the continuum multipole moments with their analogs for a discrete grid .	We illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method with nonlinear scalar model problems .	Finally , we take advantage of the ability of this method to handle highly nonlinear models to demonstrate that the outgoing approximations extracted from the standing wave solutions are highly accurate even in the presence of strong nonlinearities .
+2	McPherson , 1967 ) is generalized .	The spectral test of random number generators ( R.R .	Coveyou and R.D .	The sequence of random numbers is analyzed explicitly not just via their n-tupel distributions .	The generalized analysis of many generators becomes possible due to a theorem on the harmonic analysis of multiplicative groups of residue class rings .
+4	Moreover , the first named author showed in his recent article arXiv:1312.7738 that PT-symmetric quantum mechanics is indeed a certain kind of Hermitian quantum mechanics and that in order for time-evolution to be unitary with respect to $ J $ -inner product ( one that gives rise to a Hilbert space structure on the space of state functions ) , the potential energy operator $ V ( x ) $ must be real .	Update : A time-independent $ n\times n $ PT-symmetric ( and symmetric ) Hamiltonian is diagonalizable since it has all distinct real eigenvalues and the resulting diagonal matrix is a real symmetric matrix .	The diagonalization results an isometry so there should n't be any issue with unitarity and unfortunately this very elementary mathematical fact somehow did not draw the authors ' attention .	However , PT-symmetric quantum mechanics is not out of trouble .	For time-dependent PT-symmetric ( and symmetric ) Hamiltonians ( even $ 2\times 2 $ ones ) the authors observed that there is a violation of unitarity .
+1	Up to two conjectures , we show that V admits a unique holomorphic extension if r is a multiple of 8 , and no holomorphic extension otherwise .	Let V be the even part of the vertex operator super-algebra of r pairs of symplectic fermions .	This is implied by two results obtained in this paper : 1 ) If r is a multiple of 8 , one possible holomorphic extension is given by the lattice vertex operator algebra for the even self dual lattice $ D_r^+ $ with shifted stress tensor .	2 ) We classify Lagrangian algebras in SF ( h ) , a ribbon category associated to symplectic fermions .	The classification of holomorphic extensions of V follows from 1 ) and 2 ) if one assumes that SF ( h ) is ribbon equivalent to Rep ( V ) , and that simple modules of extensions of V are in one-to-one relation with simple local modules of the corresponding commutative algebra in SF ( h ) .
+3	The estimate can be of higher quality than the maximum likelihood estimate based on perfect knowledge of channel parameters , thereby eliminating the need of the unrealistic assumption that the decoder accurately knows channel parameters a priori .	We present a nonintrusive method for reliably estimating the noise level during quantum computation and quantum communication protected by quantum error-correcting codes .	As preprocessing of quantum error correction , our scheme estimates the current noise level through a negligible amount of classical computation using error syndromes and updates the decoder 's knowledge on the spot before inferring the locations of errors .	This preprocessing requires no additional quantum interaction or modification in the system .	Simulations demonstrate that not only can the decoder pick up on a change of channel parameters , but even if the channel stays the same , a quantum low-density parity-check code can perform better when the decoder exploits the on-the-spot estimates instead of the true error probabilities of the quantum channel .
+4	The future prospect on distributed strain and temperature sensing based on Brillouin scattering in MCFs is finally presented .	We measure the Brillouin gain spectra in two cores ( the central core and one of the outer cores ) of a ~3-m-long , silica-based , 7-core multi-core fiber ( MCF ) with incident light of 1550 nm wavelength , and investigate the Brillouin frequency shift ( BFS ) and its dependence on strain and temperature .	The BFSs of both the cores are ~10.92 GHz , and the strain- and temperature-dependence coefficients of the BFS in the central core are 484.8 MHz/ % and 1.08 MHz/K , respectively , whereas those in the outer core are 516.9 MHz/ % and 1.03 MHz/K .	All of these values are not largely different from those in a silica single-mode fiber , which is expected because the cores are composed of the same material ( silica ) .	The difference in the BFS dependence of strain between the two cores may originate from the difference in structural deformation when strain is applied to the fiber , which is a unique characteristic to MCFs .
+0	A sequence of Markov chains is said to exhibit ( total variation ) cutoff if the convergence to stationarity in total variation distance is abrupt .	We consider reversible lazy chains .	We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the occurrence of the cutoff phenomena in terms of concentration of hitting time of `` worst '' ( in some sense ) sets of stationary measure at least $ \alpha $ , for some $ \alpha \in ( 0,1 ) $ .	We also give general bounds on the total variation distance of a reversible chain at time $ t $ in terms of the probability that some `` worst '' set of stationary measure at least $ \alpha $ was not hit by time $ t $ .	As an application of our techniques we show that a sequence of lazy Markov chains on finite trees exhibits a cutoff iff the ratio of their relaxation-times and their ( lazy ) mixing-times tends to 0 .
+4	This tight correlation places limits on both the emission mechanism and on frequency dependent propagation within the magnetosphere .	Simultaneous measurements of giant pulses from the Crab pulsar were taken at two widely spaced frequencies using the real-time detection of a giant pulse at 1.4 GHz at the Very Large Array to trigger the observation of that same pulse at 0.6 GHz at a 25-m telescope in Green Bank , WV .	Interstellar dispersion of the signals provided the necessary time to communicate the trigger across the country via the Internet .	About 70 % of the pulses are seen at both 1.4 GHz and 0.6 GHz , implying an emission mechanism bandwidth of at least 0.8 GHz at 1 GHz for pulse structure on time scales of one to ten microseconds .	The arrival times at both frequencies display a jitter of 100 microseconds within the window defined by the average main pulse profile and are tightly correlated .
+4	The gas column density in the shell is strongly influenced by the ISM magnetic field strength and orientation .	At least 25 per cent of massive stars are ejected from their parent cluster , becoming runaways or exiles , travelling with often-supersonic space velocities through the interstellar medium ( ISM ) .	Their overpressurised H II regions impart kinetic energy and momentum to the ISM , compress and/or evaporate dense clouds , and can constrain properties of both the star and the ISM .	Here we present one- , two- , and ( the first ) three-dimensional simulations of the H II region around a massive star moving supersonically through a uniform , magnetised ISM , with properties appropriate for the nearby O star Zeta Oph .	The H II region leaves an expanding overdense shell behind the star and , inside this , an underdense wake that should be filled with hot gas from the shocked stellar wind .
+1	The order parameter in this case is a vector field .	It was recently shown that conventional phonon-electron interactions induce triplet pairing states in time-reversal invariant 3D Dirac semi - metals provided magnetic impurities or exchange interactions are strong enough ? .	Starting from the microscopic model of the isotropic Dirac semi-metal , the Ginzburg-Landau energy for this field is derived using the Gor'kov technique .	It was found that the transversal coherence length is much smaller than the longitudinal despite the isotropy .	Several new features appear when an external field is applied .
+2	This Classification is named after Thomas Bayes ( 1702-1761 ) , who proposed the Bayes Theorem .	The Bayesian Classification represents a supervised learning method as well as a statistical method for classification .	Assumes an underlying probabilistic model and it allows us to capture uncertainty about the model in a principled way by determining probabilities of the outcomes .	Bayesian classification provides practical learning algorithms and prior knowledge and observed data can be combined .	Bayesian Classification provides a useful perspective for understanding and evaluating many learning algorithms .
+0	Robustness of biochemical systems has become one of the central questions in systems biology although it is notoriously difficult to formally capture its multifaceted nature .	Maintenance of normal system function depends not only on the stoichiometry of the underlying interrelated components , but also on a multitude of kinetic parameters .	Invariant flux ratios , obtained within flux coupling analysis , as well as invariant complex ratios , derived within chemical reaction network theory , can characterize robust properties of a system at steady state .	However , the existing formalisms for the description of these invariants do not provide full characterization as they either only focus on the flux-centric or the concentration-centric view .	Here we develop a novel mathematical framework which combines both views and thereby overcomes the limitations of the classical methodologies .
+4	As application we compute all $ \a^k $ -derivations and in particular the first cohomology group of the q-deformed W ( 2,2 ) algebra .	This paper aims to study the low dimensional cohomology of Hom-Lie algebras and q-deformed W ( 2,2 ) algebra .	We show that the q-deformed W ( 2,2 ) algebra is a Hom-Lie algebra .	Also , we establish a one-to-one correspondence between the equivalence classes of one dimensional central extensions of a Hom-Lie algebra and its second cohomology group , leading us to determine the second cohomology group of the q-deformed W ( 2,2 ) algebra .	In addition , we generalize some results of derivations of finitely generated Lie algebras with values in graded modules to Hom-Lie algebras .
+4	In addition , we use our results for the form factors to explore semilteptonic $ B\to Tl\bar \nu_l $ decays and the branching fractions can reach the order $ 10^ { -4 } $ .	We calculate the $ B_ { u , d , s } \to T $ form factors within the framework of the perturbative QCD approach , where $ T $ denotes a light tensor meson with $ J^P=2^+ $ .	Due to the similarities between the wave functions of a vector and a tensor meson , the factorization formulas of $ B\to T $ form factors can be obtained from the $ B\to V $ transition through a replacement rule .	As a consequence , we find that these two sets of form factors have the same signs and correlated $ q^2 $ -dependence behaviors .	At $ q^2=0 $ point , the $ B\to T $ form factors are smaller than the $ B\to V $ ones , in accordance with the experimental data of radiative B decays .
+3	Both the kink radius and the radius of the divot center depend on the strength scaling law in the gravity regime for Kuiper belt objects .	This paper presents the results of collisional evolution calculations for the Kuiper belt starting from an initial size distribution similar to that produced by accretion simulations of that region - a steep power-law large object size distribution that breaks to a shallower slope at r ~1-2 km , with collisional equilibrium achieved for objects r ~0.5 km .	We find that the break from the steep large object power-law causes a divot , or depletion of objects at r ~10-20 km , which in-turn greatly reduces the disruption rate of objects with r & gt ; 25-50 km , preserving the steep power-law behavior for objects at this size .	Our calculations demonstrate that the roll-over observed in the Kuiper belt size distribution is naturally explained as an edge of a divot in the size distribution ; the radius at which the size distribution transitions away from the power-law , and the shape of the divot from our simulations are consistent with the size of the observed roll-over , and size distribution for smaller bodies .	These simulations suggest that the sky density of r ~1 km objects is ~10^6-10^7 objects per square degree .
+3	In the case of { \it slowly rotating stars } , a new type of outflow , { \it a conical wind } , is found and studied in simulations .	We discuss recent progress in understanding the launching of outflows/jets from the disc-magnetosphere boundary of slowly and rapidly rotating magnetized stars .	In most of the discussed models the interior of the disc is assumed to have a turbulent viscosity and magnetic diffusivity ( as described by two `` alpha '' parameters ) , whereas the coronal region outside of the disc is treated using ideal magnetohydrodynamics ( MHD ) .	Extensive MHD simulations have established the occurrence of long-lasting outflows in both the cases of slowly and rapidly rotating stars .	The conical winds appear in cases where the magnetic flux of the star is bunched up by the inward motion of the accretion disc .
+2	We perform a quantitative analysis of its optical spectrum in order to measure important observables of the star such as its mass , effective temperature , luminosity and He , C , N , and O abundances .	Z Oph , HD149757 , is an O9.5 Vnn star with a very high projected rotational velocity ( vsini & gt ; = 340 km\s ) .	It is also a classical runaway star due to its high proper motion .	Comparing these observed values to those predicted by the rotating evolutionary models of the Geneva group we find that none of the two sets of models is capable of reproducing the characteristics of the star .	Nevertheless , due to its runaway nature , the reason for this discrepancy may be that the star is not the result of the evolution of a single object , but the product of the evolution of a close binary system .
+0	We address the ability of broad iron emission lines from black hole accretion disks to diagnose the spin of the black hole .	Using a high-resolution 3-dimensional MHD simulation of a geometrically-thin accretion disk in a Pseudo-Newtonian potential , we show that both the midplane density and the vertical column density of the accretion flow drop dramatically over a narrow range of radii close to the innermost stable circular orbit ( ISCO ) .	We argue that this drop of density is accompanied by a sharp increase in the ionization parameter of the X-ray photosphere , and that the resulting imprint of the ISCO on the X-ray reflection spectrum can be used to constrain spin .	Motivated by this simulation , we construct a simplified toy-model of the accretion flow within the ISCO of a Kerr black hole , and use this model to estimate the systematic error on inferred black hole spin that may result from slight bleeding of the iron line emission to the region inside of the ISCO .	We find that these systematic errors can be significant for slowly spinning black holes but become appreciably smaller as one considers more rapidly rotating black holes .
+2	We provide an error analysis with explicit and non-asymptotic error estimates for the multilevel scheme under general conditions on the forward process and the BSDE data .	We develop a multilevel approach to compute approximate solutions to backward differential equations ( BSDEs ) .	The fully implementable algorithm of our multilevel scheme constructs sequential martingale control variates along a sequence of refining time-grids to reduce statistical approximation errors in an adaptive and generic way .	It is shown that the multilevel approach can reduce the computational complexity to achieve precision $ \epsilon $ , ensured by error estimates , essentially by one order ( in $ \epsilon^ { -1 } $ ) in comparison to established methods , which is substantial .	Computational examples support the validity of the theoretical analysis , demonstrating efficiency improvements in practice .
+1	Starting from this Fock state |n=0 & gt ; we have demonstrated coherent quantum state manipulation on an optical transition .	A single Ca+ ion in a Paul trap has been cooled to the ground state of vibration with up to 99.9 % probability .	Up to 30 Rabi oscillations within 1.4 ms have been observed .	We find a similar number of Rabi oscillations after preparation of the ion in the |n=1 & gt ; Fock state .	The coherence of optical state manipulation is only limited by laser and ambient magnetic field fluctuations .
+3	In this work , we develop an engine for analytical query processing and a suite of specialized techniques that collectively take advantage of the tree form of such plans .	Many modern applications require the evaluation of analytical queries on large amounts of data .	Such queries entail joins and heavy aggregations that often include user-defined functions ( UDFs ) .	The most efficient way to process these specific type of queries is using tree execution plans .	The engine executes these tree plans in an elastic IaaS cloud infrastructure and dynamically adapts by allocating and releasing pertinent resources based on the query workload monitored over a sliding time window .
+2	In particular cases $ V_ { p , r } $ is an elementary function .	We prove that if $ p\geq 1 $ and $ -1\leq r\leq p-1 $ then the binomial sequence $ \binom { np+r } { n } $ , $ n=0,1 , ... $ , is positive definite and is the moment sequence of a probability measure $ \nu ( p , r ) $ , whose support is contained in $ \left [ 0 , p^p ( p-1 ) ^ { 1-p } \right ] $ .	If $ p & gt ; 1 $ is a rational number and $ -1 & lt ; r\leq p-1 $ then $ \nu ( p , r ) $ is absolutely continuous and its density function $ V_ { p , r } $ can be expressed in terms of the Meijer $ G $ -function .	We show that for $ p & gt ; 1 $ the measures $ \nu ( p , -1 ) $ and $ \nu ( p,0 ) $ are certain free convolution powers of the Bernoulli distribution .	Finally we prove that the binomial sequence $ \binom { np+r } { n } $ is positive definite if and only if either $ p\geq 1 $ , $ -1\leq r\leq p-1 $ or $ p\leq 0 $ , $ p-1\leq r \leq 0 $ .
+3	The recognition ability of the probe ensemble is then investigated by calculating the free energy of association .	Equilibrium aspects of molecular recognition of rigid biomolecules are investigated using coarse-grained lattice models .	The analysis is carried out in two stages .	First an ensemble of probe molecules is designed with respect to the target biomolecule .	The influence of cooperative and anti-cooperative effects accompanying the association of the target and probe molecules is studied .
+0	We derive a recursion relation in the framework of Lagrangian perturbation theory , appropriate for studying the inhomogeneities of the large scale structure of the universe .	We use the fact that the perturbative expansion of the matter density contrast is in one-to-one correspondence with standard perturbation theory ( SPT ) at any order .	This correspondence has been recently shown to be valid up to fourth order for a non-relativistic , irrotational and dust-like component .	Assuming it to be valid at arbitrary ( higher ) order , we express the Lagrangian displacement field in terms of the perturbative kernels of SPT , which are itself given by their own and well-known recursion relation .	We argue that the Lagrangian solution always contains more non-linear information in comparison with the SPT solution , ( mainly ) if the non-perturbative density contrast is restored after the displacement field is obtained .
+4	The notion of `` substantial '' that we use is that of either Hausdorff or Minkowski dimensions .	Given a continuous real-valued function on [ 0 , 1 ] , and a closed subset E \subset [ 0 , 1 ] we denote by f E the restriction of f to E , that is , the function defined only on E that takes the same values as f at every point of E & gt ; .	The restriction f E will typically be `` better behaved '' than f .	It may have bounded variation when f does n't , it may have a better modulus of continuity than f , it may be monotone when f is not , etc .	All this clearly depends on f and on E , and the questions that we discuss here are about the existence , for every f , or every f in some class , of `` substantial '' sets E such that f E has bounded total variation , is monotone , or satisfies a given modulus of continuity .
+2	Typically , a neutron star is formed .	We discuss the possible connection between supernova explosions ( SN ) and gamma-ray bursters ( GRB ) from the perspective of our current understanding of SN physics .	Recent evidence strongly suggests that the explosion mechanism of core collapse SN is intrinsically aspherical .	However , the observed properties of the expanding SN envelopes remnants make these objects very unlikely candidates for GRBs .	Most candidates for a GRB/SN connection seem to require the prompt or delayed formation of a black hole .
+1	The closest laboratory where we can observe and investigate this phenomenon is the radio galaxy Centaurus A .	The interaction between the radio plasma ejected by the active nucleus of a galaxy and the surrounding medium is a key process that can have a strong impact on the interstellar medium of the galaxy and hence on galaxy evolution .	About 15 kpc north-east of this galaxy , a particularly complex region is found : the so-called Outer Filament where jet-cloud interactions have been proposed to occur .	We investigate the presence of signatures of jet-ISM interaction by a detailed study of the kinematics of the ionized gas , expanding on previous results obtained from the HI .	We observed two regions of the outer filament with VLT/VIMOS in the IFU observing mode .
+1	Therefore , optical spectroscopy techniques with high spatial resolution are necessary to get a deeper insight into the properties of two-dimensional materials .	The possibility of spatially resolving the optical properties of atomically thin materials is especially appealing as they can be modulated at the micro- and nanoscale by reducing their thickness , changing the doping level or applying a mechanical deformation .	Here we study the optical absorption of single- and few-layer molybdenum disulfide ( MoS2 ) in the spectral range from 1.24 eV to 3.22 eV ( 385 nm to 1000 nm ) by developing a hyperspectral imaging technique that allows one to probe the optical properties with diffraction limited spatial resolution .	We find hyperspectral imaging very suited to study indirect bandgap semiconductors , unlike photoluminescence that only provides high luminescence yield for direct gap semiconductors .	Moreover , this work opens the door to study the spatial variation of the optical properties of other two-dimensional systems , including non-semiconducting materials where scanning photoluminescence can not be employed .
+2	We give from this sample estimators for different forms of the integrated volatility of the asset .	We consider a microstructure model for a financial asset , allowing for price discreteness and for a diffusive behavior at large sampling scale .	This model , introduced by Delattre and Jacod , consists in the observation at the high frequency $ n $ , with round-off error $ \alpha_n $ , of a diffusion on a finite interval .	Our method is based on variational properties of the process associated with wavelet techniques .	We prove that the accuracy of our estimation procedures is $ \alpha_n\vee n^ { -1/2 } $ .
+3	B 40 , 2494 ( 1989 ) ] and is applicable in a wider temperature range .	We use the diagram technique for spin operators to calculate Green 's functions and observables of the spin-1/2 quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice .	The first corrections to the self-energy and interaction are taken into account in the chain diagrams .	The approximation reproduces main results of Takahashi 's modified spin-wave theory [ Phys.Rev .	The energy per spin calculated in this approximation is in good agreement with the Monte Carlo and small-cluster exact-diagonalization calculations in the range 0 & lt ; = T & lt ; 1.2J where J is the exchange constant .
+4	Young 's seminormal construction of the irreducible representations of the symmetric group .	This paper introduces calibrated representations for affine Hecke algebras and classifies and constructs all finite dimensional irreducible calibrated representations .	The primary technique is to provide indexing sets for controlling the weight space structure of finite dimensional modules for the affine Hecke algebra .	Using these indexing sets we show that ( 1 ) irreducible calibrated representations are indexed by skew local regions , ( 2 ) the dimension of an irreducible calibrated representation is the number of chambers in the local region , ( 3 ) each irreducible calibrated representation is constructed explicitly by formulas which describe the action of the generators of the affine Hecke algebra on a specific basis in the representation space .	The indexing sets for weight spaces are generalizations of standard Young tableaux and the construction of the irreducible calibrated affine Hecke algebra modules is a generalization of A .
+3	One of these size-based distances extends to geometric lattices the traditional Hamming distance between subsets , when these latter are regarded as hypercube vertexes or binary n-vectors .	Alternative novel measures of the distance between any two partitions of a n-set are proposed and compared , together with a main existing one , namely 'partition-distance ' D ( . , . ) .	The comparison achieves by checking their restriction to modular elements of the partition lattice , as well as in terms of suitable classifiers .	Two of the new measures obtain through the size , a function mapping every partition into the number of atoms finer than that partition .	After carefully framing the environment , a main comparison finally results from the following bounding problem : for every value k , with 0 & lt ; k & lt ; n , of partition-distance D ( . , .
+2	The first group of objects ( MTT58 , WR42e and RFS7 ) is compound by three new Galactic exemplars of the OIf*/WN type , all of them with probable initial masses well above 100 Msun and estimated ages of about 1 Myr .	In this work , we present a spectroscopic study of very massive stars found outside the center of the massive stellar cluster NGC3603 .	From the analysis of SOAR spectroscopic data and related optical-NIR photometry , we confirm the existence of several very massive stars in the periphery of NGC 3603 .	Based on Goodman blue-optical spectrum of MTT68 , we can confirm the previous finding in the NIR of the only other Galactic exemplar ( besides HD93129A ) of the O2If* type known to date .	Based on its position relative to a set of theoretical isochrons in a Hertzprung-Russel diagram , we concluded that the new O2If* star could be one of the most massive ( 150 Msun ) and luminous ( Mv=-7.3 ) O-star in the Galaxy .
+2	Prior to introducing General Relativity we embark on a non-chronological derivation of the Robertson-Walker metric directly from Special Relativity and the Minkowski metric endowed with a Gaussian curvature .	After a brief introduction to the sixteenth and seventeenth century views of the Universe and the nineteenth century paradox of Olbers , we start the history of the cosmic expansion with Hubble 's epochal discovery of the recession velocities of spiral galaxies .	By then Einstein 's theories of relativity were well known , but no suitable metric was known .	This permits the definition of all relativistic distance measures needed in observational astronomy .	Only thereafter do we come to General Relativity , and describe some of its consequences : gravitational lensing , black holes , various tests , and the cornerstone of the standard Big Bang model , the Friedmann-Lemaitre equations .
+0	The rapid growth of the internet in general and of bandwidth capacity at internet clients in particular poses increasing computation and bandwidth demands on internet servers .	Internet access technologies like ADSL [ DSL ] , Cable Modem and Wireless modem allow internet clients to access the internet with orders of magnitude more bandwidth than using traditional modems .	We present CDTP a distributed transfer protocol that allows clients to cooperate and therefore remove the strain from the internet server thus achieving much better performance than traditional transfer protocols ( e.g.FTP [ FTP ] ) .	The CDTP server and client tools are presented also as well as results of experiments .	Finally a bandwidth measurement technique is presented .
+2	Similarly , the column density ratio N ( C ) /N ( CO ) is similar to that observed in the Orion Bar , but smaller than values obtained for starburst galaxies .	We present observations of the 492 GHz [ CI ] emission for four individual giant molecular clouds in the Local Group galaxy M33 obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope .	The average [ CI ] to CO J=1-0 integrated intensity ratio of 0.10+/-0.03 is similar to what is observed in Galactic molecular clouds but smaller than what is seen in starburst galaxies .	The [ CI ] line is found to be a more important coolant than the lowest three rotational transitions of CO for all the clouds in the sample .	The [ CI ] luminosity does not appear to be enhanced significantly in two low-metallicity clouds , which may be due to the unusual ionization environment of the clouds .
+4	The intensity variations are described as sum of shots in the light curve , and the number distribution of the shots are found to be exponential function of the fluence and duration of the shots .	The galactic superluminal transient X-ray source GRS 1915+105 was observed with the pointed proportional counters ( PPCs ) onboard the Indian satellite IRS-P3 during 1996 July 23-27 .	We report here details of the behavior of this source during the relatively quiet and low luminosity state .	Large intensity variations by a factor of 2 to 3 , generally seen in black-hole candidates , are observed at a time scale of 100 ms to few seconds .	No significant variation is detected over larger time scale of minute or more .
+0	In the decreasing intrinsic redshift ( DIR ) model galaxies are assumed to be born as compact objects that have been ejected with large intrinsic redshift components , z_ ( i ) , out of the nuclei of mature AGN galaxies .	As young AGN ( quasars ) they are initially several magnitudes sub-luminous to mature galaxies but their luminosity gradually increases over 10^8 yrs , as z_ ( i ) decreases and they evolve into mature AGN ( Seyferts and radio galaxies ) .	Evidence presented here that low- and intermediate-redshift AGN are unquestionably sub-luminous to radio galaxies is then strong support for this model and makes it likely that the high-redshift AGN ( quasars ) are also sub-luminous , having simply been pushed above the radio galaxies on a logz-m_ ( v ) plot by the presence of a large intrinsic component in their redshifts .	An increase in luminosity below z = 0.06 is also seen .	It is associated in the DIR model with an increase in luminosity as the sources mature but , if real , is difficult to interpret in the cosmological redshift ( CR ) model since at this low redshift it is unlikely to be associated with a higher star formation rate or an increase in the material used to build galaxies .
+4	Partition functions and observables ( Wilson loop averages ) are written as an averages over all configurations of an integer-valued field living on a surfaces .	Pure gauge lattice QCD at arbitrary D is considered .	Exact integration over link variables in an arbitrary D-volume leads naturally to an appearance of a set of surfaces filling the volume and gives an exact expression for functional of their boundaries .	The interaction between each two surfaces is proportional to their common area and is realized by a non-local matrix differential operator acting on their boundaries .	The surface self-interaction is given by the QCD $ _2 $ functional of boundary .
+2	In the bulk , two adjacent particles of different weights can swap places .	We study a generalization of the partially asymmetric exclusion process ( PASEP ) in which there are $ k $ species of particles of varying weights hopping right and left on a one-dimensional lattice of $ n $ sites with open boundaries .	In this process , only the heaviest particle type can enter on the left of the lattice and exit from the right of the lattice .	We prove a Matrix Ansatz for this model , in which different rates for the swaps are allowed .	Based on this Matrix Ansatz , we define a combinatorial object which we call a $ k $ -rhombic alternative tableau , which we use to give formulas for the steady state probabilities of the states of this $ k $ -species PASEP .
+1	Since an exact computation is prohibitive in large networks , several approximation algorithms have been proposed .	Betweenness is a well-known centrality measure that ranks the nodes of a network according to their participation in shortest paths .	Besides that , recent years have seen the publication of dynamic algorithms for efficient recomputation of betweenness in evolving networks .	In previous work we proposed the first semi-dynamic algorithms that recompute an approximation of betweenness in connected graphs after batches of edge insertions .	In this paper we propose the first fully-dynamic approximation algorithms ( for weighted and unweighted undirected graphs that need not to be connected ) with a provable guarantee on the maximum approximation error .
+2	By studying the phase diagrams of the theory , we show that getting enough number of e-folds during a slow-roll inflation is fairly robust to the choice of initial gauge field values .	In [ arXiv:1102.1513 ] we introduced an inflationary scenario , Non-Abelian Gauge Field Inflation or gauge-flation for short , in which slow-roll inflation is driven by non-Abelian gauge field minimally coupled to gravity .	We present a more detailed analysis , both numerical and analytical , of the gauge-flation .	In addition , we present a detailed analysis of the cosmic perturbation theory in gauge-flation which has many special and interesting features compared the standard scalar-driven inflationary models .	The specific gauge-flation model we study in this paper has two parameters , a cutoff scale Lambda and the gauge coupling g. Fitting our results with the current cosmological data fixes \Lambda\sim 10 H \sim 10^ { 15 } GeV ( H is the Hubble parameter ) and g\sim 10^ { -4 } , which are in the natural range of parameters in generic particle physics beyond standard models .
+3	Ruberman has shown that mutations of hyperelliptic surfaces inside hyperbolic 3-manifolds preserve volume .	In this paper , we explicitly construct large classes of incommensurable hyperbolic knot complements with the same volume and the same initial ( complex ) length spectrum .	Furthermore , we show that these knot complements are the only knot complements in their respective commensurabiltiy classes by analyzing their cusp shapes .	The knot complements in each class differ by a topological cut-and-paste operation known as mutation .	Here , we provide geometric and topological conditions under which such mutations also preserve the initial ( complex ) length spectrum .
+2	We propose ATLAS , an Adaptive Topology- and Load-Aware Scheduling protocol to address this problem .	The largest strength of contention-based MAC protocols is simultaneously the largest weakness of their scheduled counterparts : the ability to adapt to changes in network conditions .	For scheduling to be competitive in mobile wireless networks , continuous adaptation must be addressed .	In ATLAS , each node employs a random schedule achieving its persistence , the fraction of time a node is permitted to transmit , that is computed in a topology and load dependent manner .	A distributed auction ( REACT ) piggybacks offers and claims onto existing network traffic to compute a lexicographic max-min channel allocation .
+1	A two-term phenomenological Lagrangian of the a_1-rho-pi interaction is used .	The excitation curve of e+e- annihilation into four charged pions in the rho ( 770 ) region is calculated using three existing models with rho mesons and pions in intermediate states supplemented by Feynman diagrams with the a_1 ( 1260 ) pi intermediate states .	The mixing angle is determined by fitting the e+e- -- & gt ; pi+pi-pi+pi- cross section data of the Novosibirsk CMD-2 collaboration and also its combination with the low-energy part of the BaBar collaboration data .	It is shown that the inclusion of the a_1-pi intermediate states succeeds in obtaining a good agreement with the data on both cross section and the rho^0 -- & gt ; pi+pi-pi+pi- decay width .	When moving to energies above 1 GeV , the rho ( 1450 ) and rho ( 1700 ) resonances are taken into account to get excellent agreement with the BaBar data over the full energy range up to 4.5 GeV .
+1	Five non-potential parameters , i.e. , electric current , current helicity , source field , photospheric free energy , and angular shear , are calculated in this work to quantify the non-potentiality of NOAA AR 11158 .	The magnetic non-potentiality is important for understanding flares and other solar activities in active regions ( ARs ) .	Benefited from high spatial resolution , high cadence , and continuously temporal coverage of vector magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory , both the long-term evolution of the AR and the rapid change during flares have been studied .	We confirmed that , comparing with the magnetic flux , the magnetic non-potentiality has a closer connection with the flare , and the emerging flux regions are important for the magnetic non-potentiality and flares .	The main results of this work are as follows .
+3	In all three phases of the Laughlin liquid , Hall-smectic-like , and crystal phases the ground state of the anisotropic Coulomb system can be well described by a family of model wave functions generated by an anisotropic projection Hamiltonian .	We study the anisotropic effect of the Coulomb interaction on a 1/3-filling fractional quantum Hall system by using an exact diagonalization method on small systems in torus geometry .	For weak anisotropy the system remains to be an incompressible quantum liquid , although anisotropy manifests itself in density correlation functions and excitation spectra .	When the strength of anisotropy increases , we find the system develops a Hall-smectic-like phase with a one-dimensional charge density wave order and is unstable towards the one-dimensional crystal in the strong anisotropy limit .	We discuss the relevance of the results to the geometrical description of fractional quantum Hall states proposed by Haldane [ Phys.Rev.Lett .
+3	In this paper , we present three additional models for declarative networking .	In a recent paper by Hellerstein [ 15 ] , a tight relationship was conjectured between the number of strata of a Datalog $ { } ^\neg $ program and the number of `` coordination stages '' required for its distributed computation .	Indeed , Ameloot et al .	[ 9 ] showed that a query can be computed by a coordination-free relational transducer network iff it is monotone , thus answering in the affirmative a variant of Hellerstein 's CALM conjecture , based on a particular definition of coordination-free computation .	In these variants , relational transducers have limited access to the way data is distributed .
+2	A data-driven weight matrix is used to minimize the asymptotic variance .	Tail dependence models for distributions attracted to a max-stable law are fitted using observations above a high threshold .	To cope with spatial , high-dimensional data , a rank-based M-estimator is proposed relying on bivariate margins only .	Empirical process arguments show that the estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal .	Its finite-sample performance is assessed in simulation experiments involving popular max-stable processes perturbed with additive noise .
+4	We compare our approach with the twist-deformed enveloping algebra description of spacetime transformations .	We prove that the Moyal product is covariant under linear affine spacetime transformations .	From the covariance law , by introducing an $ ( x , \Theta ) $ -space where the spacetime coordinates and the noncommutativity matrix components are on the same footing , we obtain a noncommutative representation of the affine algebra , its generators being differential operators in $ ( x , \Theta ) $ -space .	As a particular case , the Weyl Lie algebra is studied and known results for Weyl invariant noncommutative field theories are rederived in a nutshell .	We also show that this covariance can not be extended to spacetime transformations generated by differential operators whose coefficients are polynomials of order larger than one .
+0	In a recent paper Pell'o et al .	have reported a candidate z=10 galaxy , A1835 # 1916 , which was found in a near-infrared survey of the central regions of the gravitational lensing cluster A1835 .	If this detection is confirmed and the detection rate turns out to be typical , then the volume averaged ultraviolet emissivity must be rising rapidly with increasing redshift .	For a magnification due to gravitational lensing by a factor M & gt ; 25 estimated by Pell'o et al. , the inferred star formation rate density at z=10 would be about one order of magnitude higher than estimates of the star formation rate density at z=6 .	Objects at z=10 would contribute substantially to the total source counts at 1.6 micronm and the estimated space density of sources may exceed the space density of dark matter haloes in a LCDM model .
+1	The entropy of de Sitter and Reissner-Nordstr\ '' om external event horizons and of the 3-D black hole obtained by Ba\~nados et.al .	The tunneling approach , for entropy generation in quantum gravity , is shown to be valid when applied to 3-D general relativity .	is rederived from tunneling of the metric to these spacetimes .	The analysis for spacetimes with an external horizon is carried out in a complete analogy with the 4-D case .	However , we find significant differences for the black hole .
+0	In this paper we generalize the Jaynes -- Cummings Hamiltonian by making use of some operators based on Lie algebras su ( 1,1 ) and su ( 2 ) , and study a mathematical structure of Rabi floppings of these models in the strong coupling regime .	We show that Rabi frequencies are given by matrix elements of generalized coherent operators ( quant -- ph/0202081 ) under the rotating -- wave approximation .	In the first half we make a general review of coherent operators and generalized coherent ones based on Lie algebras su ( 1,1 ) and su ( 2 ) .	In the latter half we carry out a detailed examination of Frasca ( quant -- ph/0111134 ) and generalize his method , and moreover present some related problems .	We also apply our results to the construction of controlled unitary gates in Quantum Computation .
+0	A deep 400-ksec ACIS-S observation of the nearest quasar known , Mrk 231 , is combined with archival 120-ksec data obtained with the same instrument and setup to carry out the first ever spatially resolved spectral analysis of a hot X-ray emitting circumgalactic nebula around a quasar .	The 65 x 50 kpc X-ray nebula shares no resemblance with the tidal debris seen at optical wavelengths .	One notable exception is the small tidal arc 3.5 kpc south of the nucleus where excess soft X-ray continuum emission and Si XIII 1.8 keV line emission are detected , consistent with star formation and its associated alpha-element enhancement , respectively .	An X-ray shadow is also detected at the location of the 15-kpc northern tidal tail .	The hard X-ray continuum emission within 6 kpc of the center is consistent with being due entirely to the bright central AGN .
+4	A result implying the Hewitt-Savage 0-1 Law is also extended .	Classical results for exchangeable systems of random variables are extended to multi-class systems satisfying a natural partial exchangeability assumption .	It is proved that the conditional law of a finite multi-class system , given the value of the vector of the empirical measures of its classes , corresponds to independent uniform orderings of the samples within each class , and that a family of such systems converges in law if and only if the corresponding empirical measure vectors converge in law .	As a corollary , convergence within each class to an infinite i.i.d .	system implies asymptotic independence between different classes .
+0	We investigate the local correlation betwen the 1.4 GHz radio continuum and 60 micron far-infrared ( FIR ) emission within the Large Magellanic Cloud ( LMC ) on spatial scales between 0.05 and 1.5 kpc .	On scales below ~1 kpc , the radio-FIR correlation is clearly better than the correlation of the cold gas tracers with either the radio or the FIR emission .	For the LMC as a whole , there is a tight correlation between the radio and FIR emission on spatial scales above ~50 pc .	By decomposing the radio emission into thermal and non-thermal components , however , we show that the scale on which the radio-FIR correlation breaks down is inversely proportional to the thermal fraction of the radio emission : regions that show a strong correlation to very small scales are the same regions where the thermal fraction of the radio emission is high .	Contrary to previous studies of the local radio-FIR correlation in the LMC , we show that the slope of the relation between the radio and FIR emission is non-linear .
+0	In this paper , we study Bose-Hubbard models on the square and honeycomb lattices with complex hopping amplitudes , which are feasible by recent experiments of cold atomic gases in optical lattices .	To clarify phase diagrams , we use an extended quantum Monte-Carlo simulations ( eQMC ) .	For the system on the square lattice , the complex hopping is realized by an artificial magnetic field .	We found that vortex-solid states form for certain set of magnetic field , i.e. , the magnetic field with the flux quanta per plaquette $ f=p/q $ , where $ p $ and $ q $ are co-prime natural numbers .	For the system on the honeycomb lattice , we add the next-nearest neighbor complex hopping .
+1	Our first pair of theorems establish that there exist codes from this ensemble , with all degrees remaining bounded independently of block length , that are simultaneously optimal as both source and channel codes when encoding and decoding are performed optimally .	We describe and analyze the joint source/channel coding properties of a class of sparse graphical codes based on compounding a low-density generator matrix ( LDGM ) code with a low-density parity check ( LDPC ) code .	More precisely , in the context of lossy compression , we prove that finite degree constructions can achieve any pair $ ( R , D ) $ on the rate-distortion curve of the binary symmetric source .	In the context of channel coding , we prove that finite degree codes can achieve any pair $ ( C , p ) $ on the capacity-noise curve of the binary symmetric channel .	Next , we show that our compound construction has a nested structure that can be exploited to achieve the Wyner-Ziv bound for source coding with side information ( SCSI ) , as well as the Gelfand-Pinsker bound for channel coding with side information ( CCSI ) .
+1	The game characterizes the equivalence of pointed Kripke-models up to formulas of given numbers of modal operators and binary connectives .	We propose a new version of formula size game for modal logic .	Our game is similar to the well-known Adler-Immerman game .	However , due to a crucial difference in the definition of positions of the game , its winning condition is simpler , and the second player ( duplicator ) does not have a trivial optimal strategy .	Thus , unlike the Adler-Immerman game , our game is a genuine two-person game .
+4	The upper bound on the value of the expected utility is when the decision maker has perfect information .	In this paper , we first consider a Bayesian framework and model the `` utility function '' in terms of fuzzy random variables .	On the basis of this model , we define the `` prior ( fuzzy ) expected utility '' associated with each action , and the corresponding `` posterior ( fuzzy ) expected utility given sample information from a random experiment '' .	The aim of this paper is to analyze how sample information can affect the expected utility .	In this way , by using some fuzzy preference relations , we conclude that sample information allows a decision maker to increase the expected utility on the average .
+0	Recent likelihood theory produces $ p $ -values that have remarkable accuracy and wide applicability .	The calculations use familiar tools such as maximum likelihood values ( MLEs ) , observed information and parameter rescaling .	The usual evaluation of such $ p $ -values is by simulations , and such simulations do verify that the global distribution of the $ p $ -values is uniform ( 0 , 1 ) , to high accuracy in repeated sampling .	The derivation of the $ p $ -values , however , asserts a stronger statement , that they have a uniform ( 0 , 1 ) distribution conditionally , given identified precision information provided by the data .	We take a simple regression example that involves exact precision information and use large sample techniques to extract highly accurate information as to the statistical position of the data point with respect to the parameter : specifically , we examine various $ p $ -values and Bayesian posterior survivor $ s $ -values for validity .
+0	We report results of an experiment conducted in May 1997 to measure CdZnTe background and background reduction schemes in space flight conditions similar to those of proposed hard X-ray astrophysics missions .	A 1 cm^2 CdZnTe detector was placed adjacent to a thick BGO anticoincidence shield and flown piggybacked onto the EXITE2 scientific balloon payload .	The planar shield was designed to veto background countsproduced by local gamma-ray production in passive material and neutron interactions in the detector .	The CdZnTe and BGO were partially surrounded by a Pb-Sn-Cu shield to approximate the grammage of an X-ray collimator , although the field of view was still ~2 pi sr. At an altitude of 127000 feet we find a reduction in background by a factor of 6 at 100 keV .	The non-vetoed background is 9 X 10^ { -4 } cts /cm^2-sec-keV at 100 keV , about a factor of 2 higher than that of the collimated ( 4.5 deg FWHM ) EXITE2 phoswich detector .
+4	First , dependence is considered between user and base station point processes to make sure each base station serves a single mobile in the given resource block .	Cellular uplink analysis has typically been undertaken by either a simple approach that lumps all interference into a single deterministic or random parameter in a Wyner-type model , or via complex system level simulations that often do not provide insight into why various trends are observed .	This paper proposes a novel middle way using point processes that is both accurate and also results in easy-to-evaluate integral expressions based on the Laplace transform of the interference .	We assume mobiles and base stations are randomly placed in the network with each mobile pairing up to its closest base station .	Compared to related recent work on downlink analysis , the proposed uplink model differs in two key features .
+2	The Monte Carlo transport code SHIELD-HIT is used to calculate complete particle-fluence spectra which are required for determining STPRs according to the recommendations of the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) .	In particle therapy , knowledge of the stopping-power ratios ( STPRs ) of the ion beam for air and water is necessary for accurate ionization chamber dosimetry .	Earlier work has investigated the STPRs for pristine carbon ion beams , but here we expand the calculations to a range of ions ( 1 & lt ; = z & lt ; = 18 ) as well as spread out Bragg peaks ( SOBPs ) and provide a theoretical in-depth study with a special focus on the parameter regime relevant for particle therapy .	We confirm that the STPR depends primarily on the current energy of the ions rather than on their charge z or absolute position in the medium .	However , STPRs for different sets of stopping-power data for water and air recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Units & amp ; Measurements ( ICRU ) are compared , including also the recently revised data for water , yielding deviations up to 2 % in the plateau region .
+4	We obtain an explicit description of the objects of the Cauchy completion of a monoidal functor and apply this to examine Morita equivalence of Green functors .	We develop and extend the theory of Mackey functors as an application of enriched category theory .	We define Mackey functors on a lextensive category $ \E $ and investigate the properties of the category of Mackey functors on $ \E $ .	We show that it is a monoidal category and the monoids are Green functors .	Mackey functors are seen as providing a setting in which mere numerical equations occurring in the theory of groups can be given a structural foundation .
+4	To set the stage of our analysis we take the opportunity in this paper to provide and prove the relevant identities of the most general dyonic gauging of Special-Kaehler and Quaternionic-Kaehler isometries in a generic $ \mathcal { N } =2 $ model , which include the supersymmetry Ward identity , in a fully symplectic-covariant formalism .	The multi-vector generalization of a rigid , partially-broken $ \mathcal { N } =2 $ supersymmetric theory is presented as a rigid limit of a suitable gauged $ \mathcal { N } =2 $ supergravity with electric , magnetic charges and antisymmetric tensor fields .	This on the one hand generalizes a known result by Ferrara , Girardello and Porrati while on the other hand allows to recover the multi-vector BI models from $ \mathcal { N } =2 $ supergravity as the end-point of a hierarchical limit in which the Planck mass first and then the supersymmetry breaking scale are sent to infinity .	We define , in the parent supergravity model , a new symplectic frame in which , in the rigid limit , manifest symplectic invariance is preserved and the electric and magnetic Fayet-Iliopoulos terms are fully originated from the dyonic components of the embedding tensor .	The supergravity origin of several features of the resulting rigid supersymmetric theory will be elucidated , such as the presence of a traceless $ { \rm SU } ( 2 ) $ - Lie algebra term in the Ward identity and the existence of a central charge in the supersymmetry algebra which manifests itself as a harmless gauge transformation on the gauge vectors of the rigid theory ; we show that this effect can be interpreted as a kind of `` superspace non-locality '' which does not affect the rigid theory on space-time .
+3	It is revealed that the magnetic field can be used to select the first unstable pattern of Faraday waves .	A linear stability analysis of the free surface of a horizontally unbounded ferrofluid layer of arbitrary depth subjected to vertical vibrations and a horizontal magnetic field is performed .	A nonmonotonic dependence of the stability threshold on the magnetic field is found at high frequencies of the vibrations .	The reasons of the decrease of the critical acceleration amplitude caused by a horizontal magnetic field are discussed .	In particular , a rhombic pattern as a superposition of two different oblique rolls can occur .
+3	These can , however , only be probed through simultaneous observations at several wavelengths .	After 25 years of quiescence , the microquasar V404 Cyg entered a new period of activity in June 2015 .	This X-ray source is known to undergo extremely bright and variable outbursts seen at all wavelengths .	It is therefore an object of prime interest to understand the accretion-ejection connections .	We made use of the INTEGRAL instruments to obtain long , almost uninterrupted observations from 2015 June 20 $ ^ { \mathrm { th } } $ , 15:50 UTC to June 25 $ ^ { \mathrm { th } } $ , 4:05 UTC , from the optical V-band , up to the soft $ \gamma $ -rays .
+3	We observed a similar Hall resistance in Mn implanted Ge with the Mn concentration as low as 0.004 % .	Taking Mn doped Germanium as an example , we evoke the consideration of a two-band-like conduction in diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor ( FMS ) .	The main argument for claiming Ge : Mn as a FMS is the occurrence of the anomalous Hall effect ( AHE ) .	Usually , the reported AHE ( 1 ) is observable at temperatures above 10 K , ( 2 ) exhibits no hysteresis , and ( 3 ) changes the sign of slope .	We show that the puzzling AHE features can be explained by considering a two-band-like conduction in Ge : Mn .
+0	Recently , it has been shown how sampling actions from the predictive distribution over the optimal action-sometimes called Thompson sampling-can be applied to solve sequential adaptive control problems , when the optimal policy is known for each possible environment .	The predictive distribution can then be constructed by a Bayesian superposition of the optimal policies weighted by their posterior probability that is updated by Bayesian inference and causal calculus .	Here we discuss three important features of this approach .	First , we discuss in how far such Thompson sampling can be regarded as a natural consequence of the Bayesian modeling of policy uncertainty .	Second , we show how Thompson sampling can be used to study interactions between multiple adaptive agents , thus , opening up an avenue of game-theoretic analysis .
+4	Among new properties of characteristic matrices we prove that characteristic matrices are in duality if and only if they have orthogonal column spaces , and that the transpose of a characteristic matrix is again a characteristic matrix if and only if the characteristic matrix is reduced .	Trellises provide a graphical representation for the row space of a matrix .	The product construction of Kschischang and Sorokine builds minimal conventional trellises from matrices in minimal span form .	Koetter and Vardy showed that minimal tail-biting trellises can be obtained by applying the product construction to submatrices of a characteristic matrix .	We introduce the unique reduced minimal span form of a matrix and we obtain an expression for the unique reduced characteristic matrix .
+4	Relation between the dynamical and non-dynamical cases is described by the IRF-Vertex transformation .	In this paper we propose versions of the associative Yang-Baxter equation and higher order $ R $ -matrix identities which can be applied to quantum dynamical $ R $ -matrices .	As is known quantum non-dynamical $ R $ -matrices of Baxter-Belavin type satisfy this equation .	Together with unitarity condition and skew-symmetry it provides the quantum Yang-Baxter equation and a set of identities useful for different applications in integrable systems .	The dynamical $ R $ -matrices satisfy the Gervais-Neveu-Felder ( or dynamical Yang-Baxter ) equation .
+3	This may be the case for example when arriving at a concert or a bus with unmarked seats or going to lunch in a busy cafeteria .	Suppose customers need to choose when to arrive to a congested queue with some desired service at the end , provided by a single server that operates only during a certain time interval .	We study a model where the customers incur not only congestion ( waiting ) costs but also penalties for their index of arrival .	Arriving before other customers is desirable when the value of service decreases with every admitted customer .	We provide game theoretic analysis of such queueing systems with a given number of customers , specifically we characterize the arrival process which constitutes a symmetric Nash equilibrium .
+1	Most of these objects show IR excesses in their spectral energy distributions , which are indicative of the presence of disks .	This work presents the determination of the effective temperature , gravity , metallicity , mass , luminosity and age of 27 young early-type stars , most of them in the age range 1-10 Myr , and three -suspected- hot companions of post-T Tauri stars belonging to the Lindroos binary sample .	The work is relevant in the fields of stellar physics , physics of disks and formation of planetary systems .	Spectral energy distributions and mid-resolution spectra were used to estimate the effective temperature .	The comparison of the profiles of the Balmer lines with synthetic profiles provides the value of the stellar gravity .
+3	We model this with a slow ~200 km/s shock and trace the superwind to the edge of our field of view 2.5 kpc above the disk .	NGC 2146 , a nearby luminous infrared galaxy ( LIRG ) , presents evidence for outflows along the disk minor axis in all gas phases ( ionized , neutral atomic and molecular ) .	We present an analysis of the multi-phase starburst driven superwind in the central 5 kpc as traced in spatially resolved spectral line observations , using far-IR Herschel PACS spectroscopy , to probe the effects on the atomic and ionized gas , and optical integral field spectroscopy to examine the ionized gas through diagnostic line ratios .	We observe an increased ~250 km/s velocity dispersion in the [ OI ] 63 micron , [ OIII ] 88 micron , [ NII ] 122 micron and [ CII ] 158 micron fine-structure lines that is spatially coincident with high excitation gas above and below the disk .	We present new SOFIA 37 micron observations to explore the warm dust distribution , and detect no clear dust entrainment in the outflow .
+2	As a symmetric space , $ X=G/K=O ( n-r , r ) /O ( n-r ) \times O ( r ) $ , $ U ( n-r , r ) /U ( n-r ) \times U ( r ) $ and respectively $ Sp ( n-r , r ) /Sp ( n-r ) \times Sp ( r ) $ .	Let $ \bbK=\mathbb R , \mathbb C , \mathbb H $ be the field of real , complex or quaternionic numbers and $ M_ { p , q } ( \bbK ) $ the vector space of all $ p\times q $ -matrices .	Let $ X $ be the matrix unit ball in $ M_ { n-r , r } ( \bbK ) $ consisting of contractive matrices .	The matrix unit ball $ y_0 $ in $ M_ { r^\prime-r , r } $ with $ r^\prime \le n-1 $ is a totally geodesic submanifold of $ X $ and let $ Y $ be the set of all $ G $ -translations of the submanifold $ y_0 $ .	The set $ Y $ is then a manifold and an affine symmetric space .
+4	We summarize the evidence for a rich collisional history in the Kuiper Belt and present the range possible physical modifications on individual objects .	Collisions are a major modification process over the history of the Kuiper Belt .	Recent work illuminates the complex array of possible outcomes of individual collisions onto porous , volatile bodies .	The cumulative effects of such collisions on the surface features , composition , and internal structure of Kuiper Belt Objects are not yet known .	In this chapter , we present the current state of knowledge of the physics of cratering and disruptive collisions in KBO analog materials .
+3	From a computational point of view , Hunter ( 2004 ) has proposed efficient iterative MM ( minorization-maximization ) algorithms to perform maximum likelihood estimation for these generalized Bradley-Terry models whereas Bayesian inference is typically performed using MCMC ( Markov chain Monte Carlo ) algorithms based on tailored Metropolis-Hastings ( M-H ) proposals .	The Bradley-Terry model is a popular approach to describe probabilities of the possible outcomes when elements of a set are repeatedly compared with one another in pairs .	It has found many applications including animal behaviour , chess ranking and multiclass classification .	Numerous extensions of the basic model have also been proposed in the literature including models with ties , multiple comparisons , group comparisons and random graphs .	We show here that these MM\ algorithms can be reinterpreted as special instances of Expectation-Maximization ( EM ) algorithms associated to suitable sets of latent variables and propose some original extensions .
+0	Strong numerical evidence is presented suggesting that all two-qubit mixed states are equivalent to X states by a single entanglement-preserving unitary ( EPU ) transformation , so that the concurrence of such an X state equals that of the original general state .	An X-state parameterization of a general two-qubit state is given , allowing all states to have their concurrence parametrically specified .	A new kind of entanglement measure is proposed , relating a general state 's entanglement to that of a pure state in the same system .	New states called `` H States '' are presented , having fully parametric concurrence and purity , with the intention of using them to construct entanglement-preserving depolarization channels , which may aid development of the new entanglement measure .	A theory of `` true-generalized '' X states ( TGX states ) is proposed for the general case of $ N $ -partite systems .
+0	Detection of the quantum fluctuations by conventional methods meets certain obstacles , since it requires high frequency measurements .	Moreover , quantum fluctuations are normally dominated by classical noise , and are usually further obstructed by various accompanying effects such as a detector backaction .	In present work , we demonstrate that these difficulties can be bypassed by performing the cross-correlation measurements .	We propose to use a pair of two-level detectors , weakly coupled to a collective mode of an electric circuit .	Fluctuations of the current source accumulated in the collective mode induce stochastic transitions in the detectors .
+2	In this work , several techniques for temporal binning of GRB spectra are examined to understand the systematics associated with each with the goal of finding the best method ( s ) to bin lightcurves for analysis .	The understanding of the prompt $ \gamma $ -ray spectra of gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) is of great importance to correctly interpreting the physical mechanisms that produce the underlying event as well as the structure of the relativistic jet from which the emission emanates .	Time-resolved analysis of these spectra is the main method of extracting information from the data .	The following binning methods are examined : constant cadence ( CC ) , Bayesian blocks ( BB ) , signal-to-noise ( S/N ) and Knuth bins ( KB ) .	I find that both the KB and BB methods reconstruct the intrinsic spectral evolution accurately while the S/N method fails in most cases .
+0	Local models are schemes defined in linear algebra terms that describe the 'etale local structure of integral models for Shimura varieties and other moduli spaces .	We point out that the flatness conjecture of Rapoport-Zink on local models fails in the presence of ramification and that in that case one has to modify their definition .	We study in detail certain modifications of the local models for G=R_ { E/F } GL ( n ) , with E/F a totally ramified extension , and for a maximal parahoric level subgroup .	The special fibers of these models are subschemes of the affine Grassmannian .	We show that the new local models are smoothly equivalent to `` rank varieties '' of matrices , are flat , normal , with rational singularities and that their special fibers contain the expected Schubert strata .
+1	We show that if G is a graph of bounded threshold rank or a small-set expander , then an optimal solution of the Arora-Rao-Vazirani relaxation ( or of any stronger version of it ) can be almost entirely covered by a small number of balls of bounded radius .	We prove a structure theorem for the feasible solutions of the Arora-Rao-Vazirani SDP relaxation on low threshold rank graphs and on small-set expanders .	Then , we show that , if k is the number of balls , a solution of this form can be rounded with an approximation factor of O ( sqrt { log k } ) in the case of the Arora-Rao-Vazirani relaxation , and with a constant-factor approximation in the case of the k-th round of the Sherali-Adams hierarchy starting at the Arora-Rao-Vazirani relaxation .	The structure theorem and the rounding scheme combine to prove the following result , where G= ( V , E ) is a graph of expansion \phi ( G ) , \lambda_k is the k-th smallest eigenvalue of the normalized Laplacian of G , and \phi_k ( G ) = \min_ { disjoint S_1 , ... , S_k } \max_ { 1 & lt ; = i & lt ; = k } \phi ( S_i ) is the largest expansion of any k disjoint subsets of V : if either \lambda_k & gt ; & gt ; log^ { 2.5 } k \cdot phi ( G ) or \phi_ { k } ( G ) & gt ; & gt ; log k \cdot sqrt { log n } \cdot loglog n\cdot \phi ( G ) , then the Arora-Rao-Vazirani relaxation can be rounded in polynomial time with an approximation ratio O ( sqrt { log k } ) .	Stronger approximation guarantees are achievable in time exponential in k via relaxations in the Lasserre hierarchy .
+0	We study a class of 4D $ \mathcal { N } =1 $ supersymmetric GUT- type models in the framework of the Beasley-Heckman-Vafa theory .	We first review general results on MSSM and supersymmetric GUT ; and we describe useful tools on 4D quiver gauge theories in F- theory set up .	Then we study the effective supersymmetric gauge theory in the 7-brane wrapping 4-cycles in F-theory on local elliptic CY4s based on a complex tetrahedral surface $ \mathcal { T } $ and its blown ups $ \mathcal { T } _ { n } $ .	The complex 2d geometries $ \mathcal { T } $ and $ \mathcal { T } _ { n } $ are \emph { non planar } projective surfaces that extend the projective plane $ \mathbb { P } ^ { 2 } $ and the del Pezzos .	Using the power of toric geometry encoding the toric data of the base of the local CY4 , we build a class of \emph { 4D } $ \mathcal { N } =1 $ non minimal GUT- type models based on $ \mathcal { T } $ and $ \mathcal { T } _ { n } $ .
+2	We obtain a limit on the FCNC coupling parameter , varepsilon_ { mu tau } , |varepsilon_ { mu tau } | & lt ; 1.1 x 10^ { -2 } at 90 % C.L .	In this paper we study non-standard neutrino interactions as an example of physics beyond the standard model using atmospheric neutrino data collected during the Super-Kamiokande I ( 1996-2001 ) and II ( 2003-2005 ) periods .	We focus on flavor-changing-neutral-currents ( FCNC ) , which allow neutrino flavor transitions via neutral current interactions , and effects which violate lepton non-universality ( NU ) and give rise to different neutral-current interaction-amplitudes for different neutrino flavors .	and various constraints on other FCNC parameters as a function of the NU coupling , varepsilon_ { e e } .	We find no evidence of non-standard neutrino interactions in the Super-Kamiokande atmospheric data .
+0	This paper is devoted to the study of propagation phenomena for a Lotka-Volterra reaction-advection-diffusion competition model in a periodic habitat .	We first investigate the global attractivity of a semi-trival steady state for the periodic initial value problem .	Then we establish the existence of the rightward spreading speed and its coincidence with the minimal wave speed for spatially periodic rightward traveling waves .	We also obtain a set of sufficient conditions for the rightward spreading speed to be linearly determinate .	Finally , we apply the obtained results to a prototypical reaction-diffusion model .
+4	The paper follows three lines : * The historical role of the Galois Theoretic property of exceptionality , first considered by Davenport and Lewis .	A cover of normal varieties is exceptional over a finite field if the map on points over infinitely many extensions of the field is one-one .	A cover over a number field is exceptional if it is exceptional over infinitely many residue class fields .	The first result : The category of exceptional covers of a normal variety , Z , over a finite field , F_q , has fiber products , and therefore a natural Galois group ( with permutation representation ) limit .	This has many applications to considering Poincare series attached to diophantine questions .
+3	Dominant contributions to the heat capacity and the resistivity have been identified .	Magnetic properties , heat capacity and magnetoresistance ( MR ) of polycrystalline GdRhGe are investigated .	It shows two antiferromagnetic transitions , one at T1=31.8 K and the other at T2=24 K , and field induced metamagnetic transition over a wide temperature range .	The ac susceptibility data reveal that the transition at 24 K is not simple antiferromagnetic .	MR is found to show sign reversal just below T1 and attains a large positive value of 48 % at 2 K for 50 kOe .
+0	Kinetics of crystallization of two amorphous alloys , Fe70Cr10B20 and Fe80Zr10B10 , have been followed up by neutron thermodiffractometry experiments performed in the two axis diffractometer D20 ( ILL , Grenoble ) .	The structural changes are directly correlated with the temperature dependence of the magnetization .	Fe70Cr10B20 crystallizes following a two-step process : an eutectic crystallization of alfa-Fe ( bcc ) and the metastable tetragonal phase ( Fe0.8Cr0.2 ) 3B followed by another eutectic transformation to the stable phase ( Fe0.75Cr0.25 ) 2B and more segregation of alfa-Fe .	These tetragonal phases are magnetically anisotropic , giving rise to a large increase of the coercivity .	This behaviour is similar to that of Fe80B20 alloys , with Cr atoms replacing the Fe positions in both crystalline phases .
+0	The ALPS II experiment , Any Light Particle Search II at DESY in Hamburg , will look for light ( m & lt ; 10-4 eV ) new fundamental bosons ( e.g. , axion-like particles , hidden photons and other WISPs ) in the next years by the mean of a light-shining-through-the-wall setup .	The ALPS II photosensor is a Transition-Edge Sensor ( TES ) optimized for lambda = 1064 nm photons .	The detector is routinely operated at 80 mK , allowing single infrared photon detections as well as non-dispersive spectroscopy with very low background rates .	The demonstrated quantum efficiency for such TES is up to 95 % at lambda =1064 nm .	For 1064 nm photons , the measured background rate is & lt ; 10-2 sec-1 and the intrinsic dark count rate in a dark environment was found to be of 1,0.10-4 sec-1 .
+2	The strong connection between GRBs and massive star formation implies that not all star-forming galaxies at these redshifts are currently being accounted for in deep surveys and GRBs provide a unique way to measure the contribution to the star-formation rate density from galaxies at the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function .	We present deep Spitzer 3.6 micron observations of three z~5 GRB host galaxies .	Our observations reveal that z~5 GRB hosts are a factor of 3 less luminous than the median rest-frame V-band luminosity of spectroscopically confirmed z~5 galaxies in the GOODS fields and the UDF .	By correlating the co-moving star-formation rate density with co-moving GRB rates at lower redshifts , we estimate a lower limit to the star-formation rate density of 0.12+/-0.09 and 0.09+/-0.05 M_sun/yr/Mpc^3 at z~4.5 and z~6 , respectively .	Finally , we provide evidence that the average metallicity of star-forming galaxies evolves as ( stellar mass density ) ^ ( 0.69+/-0.17 ) between $ z\sim5 $ and $ z\sim0 $ , probably indicative of the loss of a significant fraction of metals to the intergalactic medium , particularly in low-mass galaxies .
+1	In this paper we address analytically and computationally the link between unsteady feeding and unsteady swimming on a model microorganism , the spherical squirmer , actuating the fluid in a time-periodic manner .	The flow field created by swimming microorganisms not only enables their locomotion but also leads to advective transport of nutrients .	We start by performing asymptotic calculations at low P\'eclet number ( Pe ) on the advection-diffusion problem for the nutrients .	We show that the mean rate of feeding as well as its fluctuations in time depend only on the swimming modes of the squirmer up to order Pe^ ( 3/2 ) , even when no swimming occurs on average , while the influence of non-swimming modes comes in only at order Pe^2 .	We also show that generically we expect a phase delay between feeding and swimming of 1/8th of a period .
+3	We provide rigorous bounds on this eigenvalue in the small-noise regime , and derive an approximation of its dependence on the system 's parameters for a large range of noise intensities .	We study the stochastic FitzHugh-Nagumo equations , modelling the dynamics of neuronal action potentials , in parameter regimes characterised by mixed-mode oscillations .	The interspike time interval is related to the random number of small-amplitude oscillations separating consecutive spikes .	We prove that this number has an asymptotically geometric distribution , whose parameter is related to the principal eigenvalue of a substochastic Markov chain .	This yields a precise description of the probability distribution of observed mixed-mode patterns and interspike intervals .
+2	We study expanding spatially homogeneous tilted perfect fluid models , with an emphasis on future evolution with extreme tilt .	We study perfect fluid cosmological models with a constant equation of state parameter $ \gamma $ in which there are two naturally defined time-like congruences , a geometrically defined geodesic congruence and a non-geodesic fluid congruence .	We establish an appropriate set of boost formulae relating the physical variables , and consequently the observed quantities , in the two frames .	We show that for ultra-radiative equations of state ( i.e. , $ \gamma & gt ; 4/3 $ ) , generically the tilt becomes extreme at late times and the fluid observers will reach infinite expansion within a finite proper time and experience a singularity similar to that of the big rip .	In addition , we show that for sub-radiative equations of state ( i.e. , $ \gamma & lt ; 4/3 $ ) , the tilt can become extreme at late times and give rise to an effective quintessential equation of state .
+3	D 88 , 123005 ( 2013 ) ] .	All-sky , broadband , coherent searches for gravitational-wave pulsars are restricted by limited computational resources .	Minimizing the number of templates required to cover the search parameter space , of sky position and frequency evolution , is one important way to reduce the computational cost of a search .	We demonstrate a practical algorithm which , for the first time , achieves template placement with a minimal number of templates for an all-sky search , using the reduced supersky parameter-space metric of Wette and Prix [ Phys.Rev .	The metric prescribes a constant template density in the signal parameters , which permits that templates be placed at the vertices of a lattice .
+3	Remarkably , this fixed point represents a situation where the half-filled level is fully transmitting , while the two filled levels are completely backscattered ; hence the fixed point Hall conductance is given by G_H = { 1/2 } e^2/h .	We study transport across a point contact separating two line junctions in a \nu = 5/2 quantum Hall system .	We analyze the effect of inter-edge Coulomb interactions between the chiral bosonic edge modes of the half-filled Landau level ( assuming a Pfaffian wave function for the half-filled state ) and of the two fully filled Landau levels .	In the presence of inter-edge Coulomb interactions between all the six edges participating in the line junction , the stable fixed point corresponds to a point contact which is neither fully opaque nor fully transparent .	We predict the non-universal temperature power laws by which the system approaches the stable fixed point from the two unstable fixed points corresponding to the fully connected case ( G_H = { 5/2 } e^2/h ) and the fully disconnected case ( G_H = 0 ) .
+4	We discuss experimental signatures of these effects .	Spatially varying strain patterns can qualitatively alter the electronic properties of graphene , acting as effective valley-dependent magnetic fields and giving rise to pseudo-Landau-level ( PLL ) quantization .	Here , we show that the strain-induced magnetic field is one component of an SU ( 2 ) non-Abelian gauge field within the low-energy theory of graphene , and identify the other two components as period-3 charge-density waves .	We show that these density-waves , if spatially varied , give rise to PLL quantization .	We also argue that strain-induced magnetic fields can induce density-wave order in graphene , thus dynamically gapping out the lowest PLL ; moreover , the ordering should generically be accompanied by dislocations .
+2	In this article , we demonstrate an alternate and simpler approach towards managing the main complexities in the programming of the Cell processor , called software caching .	Hardware accelerators ( such as the Cell Broadband Engine ) have recently received a significant amount of attention from the computational science community because they can provide significant gains in the overall performance of many numerical simulations at a low cost .	However , such accelerators usually employ a rather unfamiliar and specialized programming model that often requires advanced knowledge of their hardware design .	We apply this technique to a numerical relativity application : a time-domain , finite-difference Kerr black hole perturbation evolver , and present the performance results .	We obtain gains in the overall performance of generic simulations that are close to the theoretical maximum that can be obtained through our parallelization approach .
+2	Permanently growing accuracy of space astronomical observations and the urgent need for adequate data processing algorithms require corresponding development of an adequate theory of reference frames along with unambiguous description of propagation of light rays from a source of light to observer .	Recent modern space missions deliver invaluable information about origin of our universe , physical processes in the vicinity of black holes and other exotic astrophysical objects , stellar dynamics of our galaxy , etc .	On the other hand , space astrometric missions make it possible to determine with unparalleled precision distances to stars and cosmological objects as well as their physical characteristics and positions on the celestial sphere .	Such a theory must be based on the Einstein 's general relativity and account for numerous relativistic effects both in the solar system and outside of its boundary .	The main features of the relativistic theory of reference frames are presented in this work .
+4	Predictions of the acoustic behavior using an equivalent fluid model and the found non-acoustic properties are in good agreement with impedance tube measurements .	This paper presents a straightforward application of an indirect method based on a three-microphone impedance tube setup to determine the non-acoustic properties of a sound absorbing porous material .	First , a three-microphone impedance tube technique is used to measure some acoustic properties of the material ( i.e. , sound absorption coefficient , sound transmission loss , effective density and effective bulk modulus ) regarded here as an equivalent fluid .	Second , an indirect characterization allows one to extract its non-acoustic properties ( i.e. , static airflow resistivity , tortuosity , viscous and thermal characteristic lengths ) from the measured effective properties and the material open porosity .	The procedure is applied to four different sound absorbing materials and results of the characterization are compared with existing direct and inverse methods .
+4	In this paper , we find that the non-resonant Alfv\ ' { e } n wave heating is less efficient in partially ionized plasmas than when there are no ion-neutral collisions , and the heating efficiency depends on the ratio of the ion-neutral collision frequency to the ion gyrofrequency .	In the solar atmosphere , the chromospheric and coronal plasmas are much hotter than the visible photosphere .	The heating of the solar atmosphere , including the partially ionized chromosphere and corona , remains largely unknown .	In this paper we demonstrate that the ions can be substantially heated by Alfv\ ' { e } n waves with very low frequencies in partially ionized low beta plasmas .	This differs from other Alfv\ ' { e } n wave related heating mechanisms such as ion-neutral collisional damping of Alfv\ ' { e } n waves and heating described by previous work on resonant Alfv\ ' { e } n wave heating .
+0	In this paper we present a systematic study of the reflexivity properties of homologically finite complexes with respect to semidualizing complexes in the setting of nonlocal rings .	One primary focus is the descent of these properties over ring homomorphisms of finite flat dimension , presented in terms of inequalities between generalized G-dimensions .	Most of these results are new even when the ring homomorphism is local .	The main tool for these analyses is a nonlocal version of the amplitude inequality of Iversen , Foxby , and Iyengar .	We provide numerous examples demonstrating the need for certain hypotheses and the strictness of many inequalities .
+0	There are two main sets of data for the observed spectrum of ultra high energy cosmic rays ( those cosmic rays with energies greater than $ \sim 4 \times 10^ { 18 } $ eV ) , the High Resolution Fly 's Eye ( HiRes ) collaboration group observations , which seem to be consistent with the predicted theoretical spectrum ( and therefore with the theoretical limit known as the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff ) , and the observations from the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array ( AGASA ) collaboration group , which reveal an abundant flux of incoming particles with energies above $ 1 \times 10^ { 20 } $ eV violating the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff .	As an explanation of this anomaly it has been suggested that quantum-gravitational effects may be playing a decisive role in the propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays .	In this article we take the loop quantum gravity approach .	We shall provide some techniques to establish and analyze new constraints on the loop quantum gravity parameters arising from both sets of data , HiRes and AGASA .	We shall also study their effects on the predicted spectrum for ultra high energy cosmic rays .
+3	The collider events are characterized by a hard component arising from gluino pair production , plus a soft component arising from direct chargino and neutralino production .	One way to ameliorate the SUSY flavor and CP problems is to postulate that scalar masses lie in the TeV or beyond regime .	For example , the focus point ( FP ) region of the minimal supergravity ( mSUGRA ) model is especially compelling in that heavy scalar masses can co-exist with low fine-tuning while yielding the required relic abundance of cold dark matter ( via a mixed higgsino-bino neutralino ) .	We examine many of the characteristics of collider events expected to arise at the CERN LHC in models with multi-TeV scalars , taking the mSUGRA FP region as a case study .	Gluino decays in the FP region are characterized by lengthy cascades yielding very large jet and lepton multiplicities , and a large b-jet multiplicity .
+2	\~10^6 galaxies to redshifts z~1 , with redshift accuracy sigma_z=0.01 at s/n=10 , sigma_z=0.04 at s/n=3 , ca .	The Large Zenith Telescope Survey whose construction is almost completed ( first light expected in spring 2002 ) near Vancouver ( Canada ) is designed to observed a total strip of ~17 ' x 120 deg in 40 medium-band filters spanning 4000-10000 A .	It will gather the spectrophotometric energy distributions of ca .	10^5 stars , and a large sample of QSOs , variable stars , and transient objects of the solar system .	The survey is optimized for studying of the evolution of both the luminosity function and the clustering of galaxies to a redshift z~1 .
+3	The two contributions turn out to be approximately additive .	We study the dipole formation at the surface formed by -CH3 and -CF3 terminated shortchain alkyl-thiolate monolayers on Au ( 111 ) .	In particular , we monitor the change in work function upon chemisorption using density functional theory calculations .	We separate the surface dipole into two contributions , resulting from the gold-adsorbate interaction and the intrinsic dipole of the adsorbate layer , respectively .	Adsorbate dipoles are defined by calculating dipole densities of free-standing molecular monolayers .
+1	We then show that a similar metric can also be obtained for certain $ k- $ essence field configurations in an emergent gravity situation .	The Hawking temperature for the Barriola-Vilenkin global monopole metric is shown to be $ T_ { \mathrm BV } = { \hbar ( 1-\alpha ) ^ { 2 } \over8\pi GM k_ { \mathrm B } } $ , where $ \alpha $ is the global monopole charge , $ M $ the mass of the black hole , $ k_ { \mathrm B } $ is the Boltzmann constant and speed of light $ c=1 $ .	Therefore , in the context of Belgiorno { \it et al 's } recent demonstration of spontaneous emission of photons in a gravitational analogue experiment , any future observation of $ T_ { \mathrm BV } $ need not necessarily imply the existence of global monopoles .	An alternative implication might as well be a very indirect signature of dark energy in an emergent gravity scenario .	This should lead to effects that may be detectable in refined and modified versions of Belgiorno { \it et al 's } experiment .
+4	95 , 226801 ( 2005 ) ] , it was discussed that the pristine graphene has a quantized spin Hall effect regime where the Rashba type spin orbit interaction term is smaller than that of intrinsic one .	In graphene , we report the first theoretical demonstration of how the intrinsic spin orbit interaction can be deduced from the theory and how it can be controlled by tuning a uniform magnetic field , and/or by changing the strength of a long range Coulomb like impurity ( adatom ) , as well as gap parameter .	In the impurity context , we find that intrinsic spin-orbit interaction energy may be enhanced by increasing the strength of magnetic field and/or by decreasing the band gap mass term .	Additionally , it may be strongly enhanced by increasing the impurity strength .	Furthermore , from the proposal of Kane and Mele [ Phys.Rev.Lett .
+0	In this paper we show a Zariski pair of sextics which is not a degeneration of the original example given by Zariski .	This is the first example of this kind known .	The two curves of the pair have a trivial Alexander polynomial .	The difference in the topology of their complements can only be detected via finer invariants or techniques .	In our case the generic braid monodromies , the fundamental groups , the characteristic varieties and the existence of dihedral coverings of $ \PP^2 $ ramified along them can be used to distinguish the two sextics .
+2	These tree models are particularly relevant in physics literature since some of them undergo an ergodicity breaking transition with the mixed first-second order character of the glass transition .	We analyze kinetically constrained 0-1 spin models ( KCSM ) on rooted and unrooted trees of finite connectivity .	We focus in particular on the class of Friedrickson-Andersen models FA-jf and on an oriented version of them .	Here we first identify the ergodicity regime and prove that the critical density for FA-jf and OFA-jf models coincide with that of a suitable bootstrap percolation model .	Next we prove for the first time positivity of the spectral gap in the whole ergodic regime via a novel argument based on martingales ideas .
+2	From a comparison with structure seen at millimeter wavelengths , this structure is interpreted as a disk aligned with the molecular gas in the central few hundred parsecs of the galaxy .	Images at 12.5 microns of nuclei of three nearby Seyfert galaxies -- NGC 1275 , NGC 4151 and NGC 7469 -- have been obtained with the Keck 10-m Telescope .	NGC 7469 is resolved and deconvolution delineates a structure & lt ; 0.04 '' x0.08 '' or & lt ; 13x26 pc at a position angle of 135deg .	NGC 1275 and NGC 4151 are not resolved ; limits on the sizes of these nuclei are 0.08 '' and 0.16 '' , corresponding to physical spatial scales of 28 and 10 pc .	The lower limits to the brightness temperatures implied by these size limits and the measured flux densities are within ~50K of the 12 micron to 25 micron color temperatures of these systems as inferred from IRAS observations .
+0	Radio Frequency IDentification ( RFID ) is a dedicated short range communication technology .	The term RFID is used to describe various technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects .	RFID is a method of remotely storing and retrieving data using RFID tag .	Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) technology has been attracting considerable attention with the expectation of improved supply chain visibility for consumer goods , apparel , and pharmaceutical manufacturers , as well as retailers and government procurement agencies .	RFID technology is used today in many applications , including security and access control , transportation and supply chain tracking .
+2	A detailed analysis of fully compatible ferroelectric domain structures shows , that the results for arbitrary piezoelectric laminates can be further simplified and specific property relationships for rank-1 laminates of tetragonal and rhombohedral crystals are derived .	The effective properties of piezoelectric laminates have been analyzed , based on the calculation of internal fields and making use of a simple matrix manipulation method .	The results are expressed in a compact notation which is convenient for numerical implementation and at the same time suitable for further analytical treatments .	The method is finally applied to the analysis of various hierarchical domain structures .	Detailed orientation relationships between the particular domains in some important domain pattern are given to make these structures accessible for the presented method .
+0	Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , we examine the quenching of satellite galaxies around isolated Milky Way-like hosts in the local Universe .	We find that the efficiency of satellite quenching around isolated galaxies is low and roughly constant over two orders of magnitude in satellite stellar mass ( $ M_ { * } $ = $ 10^ { 8.5 } -10^ { 10.5 } \ , M_ { \odot } $ ) , with only $ \sim~20\ % $ of systems quenched as a result of environmental processes .	While largely independent of satellite stellar mass , satellite quenching does exhibit clear dependence on the properties of the host .	We show that satellites of passive hosts are substantially more likely to be quenched than those of star-forming hosts , and we present evidence that more massive halos quench their satellites more efficiently .	These results extend trends seen previously in more massive host halos and for higher satellite masses .
+3	Controllers can be designed using the optimization algorithms for model predictive control by considering the timing as optimization constraints .	When multiple model predictive controllers are implemented on a shared control area network ( CAN ) , their performance may degrade due to the inhomogeneous timing and delays among messages .	The priority based real-time scheduling of messages on the CAN introduces complex timing of events , especially when the types and number of messages change at runtime .	This paper introduces a novel hybrid timing model to make runtime predictions on the timing of the messages for a finite time window .	This timing model allows multiple controllers to share a CAN without significant degradation in the controller performance .
+3	An analysis of the band structures of the wires indicate that the superparamagnetic state that our calculations suggest will affect the conductance through the wires -- though not by a large amount -- at least in the absence of magnetic domain walls .	We have carried out fully relativistic full-potential , spin-polarized , all-electron density-functional calculations for straight , monatomic nanowires of the 5d transition and noble metals Os , Ir , Pt and Au .	We find that , of these metal nanowires , Os and Pt have mean-field magnetic moments for values of the bond length at equilibrium .	In the case of Au and Ir , the wires need to be slightly stretched in order to spin polarize .	It should thus lead to a characteristic temperature- and field dependent conductance , and may also cause a significant spin polarization of the transmitted current .
+4	When X is a variety with semisimple quantum cohomology , a theorem of Teleman implies that the canonical section coincides with the geometric descendant potential defined by Gromov-Witten invariants of X .	We give a global , intrinsic , and co-ordinate-free quantization formalism for Gromov-Witten invariants and their B-model counterparts , which simultaneously generalizes the quantization formalisms described by Witten , Givental , and Aganagic-Bouchard-Klemm .	Descendant potentials live in a Fock sheaf , consisting of local functions on Givental 's Lagrangian cone that satisfy the ( 3g-2 ) -jet condition of Eguchi-Xiong ; they also satisfy a certain anomaly equation , which generalizes the Holomorphic Anomaly Equation of Bershadsky-Cecotti-Ooguri-Vafa .	We interpret Givental 's formula for the higher-genus potentials associated to a semisimple Frobenius manifold in this setting , showing that , in the semisimple case , there is a canonical global section of the Fock sheaf .	This canonical section automatically has certain modularity properties .
+2	In this paper we present a block Krylov subspace method which , based on a block Lanczos process , exploits both features - shifts and multiple right hand sides - at once .	We consider the task of computing solutions of linear systems that only differ by a shift with the identity matrix as well as linear systems with several different right hand sides .	In the past Krylov subspace methods have been developed which exploit either the need for solutions to multiple right hand sides ( e.g.deflation type methods and block methods ) or multiple shifts ( e.g.shifted CG ) with some success .	Such situations arise , for example , in lattice QCD simulations within the Rational Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm .	We give numerical evidence that our method is superior to applying other iterative methods to each of the systems individually as well as , in some cases , to shifted or block Krylov subspace methods .
+1	Bonahon 's result states that geometrically infinite ends of freely indecomposable hyperbolic 3-manifolds are simply degenerate .	We prove a partial generalization of Bonahon 's tameness result to surfaces inside irreducible 3-manifolds with hyperbolic fundamental group .	It is easy to see that a geometrically infinite end gives rise to a sequence of curves on the corresponding surface whose geodesic representatives are not contained in any compact set .	The main step in his proof is showing that one may assume that these curves are simple on the surface .	In this paper , we generalize the main step of Bonahon 's proof , showing that a geometrically infinite end gives rise to a sequence of simple surface curves whose geodesic representatives are not contained in any compact set .
+4	The magnetic field suppresses the apparent Hall carrier density of CaMnBi $ _2 $ below 50 K. The large magnetothermopower effect in ( Sr/Ca ) MnBi $ _2 $ is attributed to the magnetic field shift of chemical potential	We report temperature and magnetic field dependence of the thermal transport properties in single crystals of ( Sr/Ca ) MnBi $ _2 $ with linear energy dispersion .	In SrMnBi $ _2 $ thermopower is positive , indicating hole-type carriers and the magnetic field enhances the thermopower significantly .	The maximum change of thermopower is about 1600 % in 9 T field and at 10 K. A negative thermopower is observed in CaMnBi $ _2 $ with dominant electron-type carriers and , in contrast , the magnetic field suppresses the absolute value of thermopower .	First-principle band structure shows that the chemical potential is close to the Dirac-cone-like points in linear bands .
+4	We proceed by analyzing the strong coupling model variationally .	We study the strong coupling limit of the extended Hubbard model in two dimensions .	The model consists of hopping , on-site interaction , nearest-neighbor interaction , spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman spin splitting .	While the study of this model is motivated by a search for topological phases and in particular a topological superconductor , the methodology we develop may be useful for a variety of systems .	We begin our treatment with a canonical transformation of the Hamiltonian to an effective model which is appropriate when the ( quartic ) interaction terms are larger than the ( quadratic ) kinetic and spin-orbit coupling terms .
+1	A comparison of literature analog spectra to contemporary digital spectra shows significant acceleration likely attributable to systematic instrumental errors .	We present precise HI 21 cm absorption line redshifts observed in multiple epochs to directly constrain the secular redshift drift dz/dt_o or the cosmic acceleration , dv/dt_o .	However , we obtain robust constraints using primarily Green Bank Telescope digital data .	Ten objects spanning z=0.09-0.69 observed over 13.5 years show dz/dt_o = ( -2.3 +/- 0.8 ) x 10^-8 yr^-1 or dv/dt_o = -5.5 +/- 2.2 m/s/yr .	The best constraint from a single object , 3C286 at & lt ; z & gt ; = 0.692153275 ( 85 ) , is dz/dt_o = ( 1.6 +/- 4.7 ) x 10^-8 yr^-1 or dv/dt_o =2.8 +/- 8.4 m/s/yr .
+1	These we compare with Brownian dynamics simuations by carefully modelling the softness in the interactions with a Yukawa potential , which takes account of the electrostatic charges present in the experimental system .	We consider homogeneous crystallisation rates in confocal microscopy experiments on colloidal nearly hard spheres at the single particle level .	Both structure and dynamics of the colloidal fluid are very well matched between experiment and simulation , so we have confidence that the system simulated is close to that in the experiment .	In the regimes we can access , we find reasonable agreement in crystallisation rates between experiment and simulations , noting that the larger system size in experiments enables the formation of critical nuclei and hence crystallisation at lower supersaturations than the simulations .	We further examine the structure of the metastable fluid with a novel structural analysis , the topological cluster classification .
+0	This work is devoted to explore fundamental aspects of the spectral properties of few-body general operators .	We first consider the following question : when we know the probability distributions of a set of observables , what can we way on the probability distribution of the summation of them ?	In considering arbitrary operators , we could not obtain a useful information over third order moment , while under the assumption of the few-body operators , we can rigorously prove a much stronger bound on the moment generating function for arbitrary quantum states .	Second , by the use of this bound , we generalize the Chernoff inequality ( or the Hoeffding inequality ) , which characterizes the asymptotic decay of the probability distribution for the product states by the Gaussian decay .	In the present form , the Chernoff inequality can be applied to a summation of independent local observables ( e.g. , single-site operators ) .
+1	Over the last decade , a large number of independent and complementary investigations have been carried out in the field of Dark Energy N-body simulations , starting from the simplest case of homogeneous Dark Energy models up to the recent development of highly sophisticated iterative solvers for a variety of Modified Gravity theories .	( Abridged ) The growing role played by numerical N-body simulations in cosmological studies as a fundamental connection between theoretical modeling and direct observations has led to impressive advancements also in the development and application of specific algorithms designed to probe a wide range of Dark Energy scenarios .	In this Review - which is meant to be complementary to the general Review by Kuhlen et al .	published in this Volume - I will discuss the range of scenarios for the cosmic acceleration that have been successfully investigated by means of dedicated N-body simulations , and I will provide a broad summary of the main results that have been obtained in this rather new research field .	I will focus the discussion on a few selected studies that have led to particularly significant advancements in the field , and I will provide a comprehensive list of references for a larger number of related works .
+4	This grammar is important because with it we can create tools to build systems that combine spatial-nominal characteristics such as Geographical Information Systems ( GIS ) , Hypermedia Systems , Computed Aided Design Systems ( CAD ) , and so on	In this project we are presenting a grammar which unify the design and development of spatial databases .	In order to make it , we combine nominal and spatial information , the former is represented by the relational model and latter by a modification of the same model .	The modification lets to represent spatial data structures ( as Quadtrees , Octrees , etc . )	in a integrated way .
+0	This paper revisits the classical inference results for profile quasi maximum likelihood estimators ( profile MLE ) in the semiparametric estimation problem .	We mainly focus on two prominent theorems : the Wilks phenomenon and Fisher expansion for the profile MLE are stated in a new fashion allowing finite samples and model misspecification .	The method of study is also essentially different from the usual analysis of the semiparametric problem based on the notion of the hardest parametric submodel .	Instead we derive finite sample deviation bounds for the linear approximation error for the gradient of the loglikelihood .	This novel approach particularly allows to address the important issue of the effective target and nuisance dimension .
+4	Perturbative analysis is performed for both cross-exclusion and self-exclusion one dimensional system .	We study a minimal model to understand the formation of clusters on surfaces in the presence of surface defects .	We consider reaction diffusion model in which atoms undergoes reactions at the defect centers to form clusters .	Volume exclusion between particles is introduced through a drift term in the reaction diffusion equation that arises due the repulsive force field produced by the clustering atoms .	The volume exclusion terms can be derived from master equation with a concentration dependent hopping rate .
+2	We present formulae , which are deformations of previously proposed determinant formulae labeled by a Young superdiagram .	As is well known , the type 1 Lie superalgebra sl ( r+1|s+1 ) admits a one parameter family of finite dimensional irreducible representations .	We have carried out an analytic Bethe ansatz related to this family of representations .	These formulae will provide transfer matrix eigenvalues in dressed vacuum form related to the solutions of a graded Yang-Baxter equation , which depend not only on the spectral parameter but also on a non-additive continuous parameter .	A class of transfer matrix functional relations among these formulae is briefly mentioned .
+4	It is envisioned that wireless sensor/actuator networks ( WSANs ) will play an essential role in CPS .	Technical advances in ubiquitous sensing , embedded computing , and wireless communication are leading to a new generation of engineered systems called cyber-physical systems ( CPS ) .	CPS promises to transform the way we interact with the physical world just as the Internet transformed how we interact with one another .	Before this vision becomes a reality , however , a large number of challenges have to be addressed .	Network quality of service ( QoS ) management in this new realm is among those issues that deserve extensive research efforts .
+1	Let $ \Delta U=\ { a\in U ( R ) \mid [ U ( R ) : C_ { U ( R ) } ( a ) ] & lt ; \infty\ } $ be the $ FC $ -radical of $ U ( R ) $ and let $ \nabla ( R ) =\ { a\in R\mid [ U ( R ) : C_ { U ( R ) } ( a ) ] & lt ; \infty\ } $ be the $ FC $ -subring of $ R $ .	Let $ R $ be a ring with unity and $ U ( R ) $ its group of units .	An infinite subgroup $ H $ of $ U ( R ) $ is said to be an $ \omega $ -subgroup if the left annihilator of each nonzero Lie commmutator $ [ x , y ] $ in $ R $ contains only finite number of elements of the form $ 1-h $ , where $ x , y \in R $ and $ h\in H $ .	In the case when $ R $ is an algebra over a field $ F $ , and $ U ( R ) $ contains an $ \omega $ -subgroup , we describe its $ FC $ -subalgebra and the $ FC $ -radical .	This paper is an extension of [ 1 ] .
+3	We briefly consider some fundamental growth models equipped with absorbing noise which are representations of known universality classes of spreading phenomena .	Survival and percolation probabilities are most important quantities in the theory and in the application of growth models with spreading .	We construct field theoretical expressions for these probabilities which are feasible for perturbation expansions .	The outstanding role of the absorbing noise is stressed to obtain survival probabilities monotonic decreasing with time .	The critical scaling properties of their survival and percolation and probabilities are stated .
+1	We show that the universe undergoes anisotropic inflationary expansion due to a preferred direction determined by the vector .	We study an inflationary scenario with a vector impurity .	Using the slow-roll approximation , we find a formula to determine anisotropy of the inflationary universe .	We discuss possible observable predictions of this scenario .	In particular , it is stressed that primordial gravitational waves can be induced from curvature perturbations .
+4	We also point out that the general solution to this constraint ( imposed weakly ) depends on a quantum number r_f in addition to those of loop quantum gravity .	We reconsider the spinfoam dynamics that has been recently introduced , in the generalized Kaminski-Kisielowski-Lewandowski ( KKL ) version where the foam is not dual to a triangulation .	We study the Euclidean as well as the Lorentzian case .	We show that this theory can still be obtained as a constrained BF theory satisfying the simplicity constraint , now discretized on a general oriented 2-cell complex .	This constraint implies that boundary states admit a ( quantum ) geometrical interpretation in terms of polyhedra , generalizing the tetrahedral geometry of the simplicial case .
+1	Given Lipschitz domain $ \Omega\subset R^2 $ the functional is $ I_ { \epsilon } ( u ) =1/2\int_ { \Omega } \epsilon^ { -1 } |1-|Du|^2|^2+\epsilon|D^2 u|^2 $ where $ u $ belongs to the subset of functions in $ W^ { 2,2 } _ { 0 } ( \Omega ) $ whose gradient ( in the sense of trace ) satisfies $ Du ( x ) \cdot \eta_x=1 $ where $ \eta_x $ is the inward pointing unit normal to $ \partial \Omega $ at $ x $ .	The Aviles Giga functional is a well known second order functional that forms a model for blistering and in a certain regime liquid crystals , a related functional models thin magnetized films .	In Jabin , Otto , Perthame characterized a class of functions which includes all limits of sequences $ u_n\in W^ { 2,2 } _0 ( \Omega ) $ with $ I_ { \epsilon_n } ( u_n ) \to 0 $ as $ \epsilon_n\to 0 $ .	A corollary to their work is that if there exists such a sequence $ ( u_n ) $ for a bounded domain $ \Omega $ , then $ \Omega $ must be a ball and ( up to change of sign ) $ u : =\lim_ { n\to \infty } u_n =\mathrm { dist } ( \cdot , \partial\Omega ) $ .	Recently we provided a quantitative generalization of this corollary over the space of convex domains using `compensated compactness ' inspired calculations originating from the proof of coercivity of $ I_ { \epsilon } $ by DeSimone , Muller , Kohn , Otto .
+1	We present a simple derivation of the method that is subsequently applied to obtain the pi pi and pi K phase shifts in the sectors with total isospin I=0 and I=1/2 , respectively .	Phase shifts and resonance parameters can be obtained from finite-volume lattice spectra for interacting pairs of particles , moving with nonzero total momentum .	Considering different total momenta , one obtains extra data points for a given volume that allow for a very efficient extraction of the resonance parameters in the infinite-volume limit .	Corrections due to the mixing of partial waves are provided .	We expect that our results will help to optimize the strategies in lattice simulations , which aim at an accurate determination of the scattering and resonance properties .
+4	( $ 50 \sim 100 $ GeV ) .	In the standard model , the weak gauge bosons and fermions obtain mass after spontaneous electro-weak symmetry breaking , which is realized through one fundamental scalar field , namely Higgs field .	In this paper we study the simplest scalar cold dark matter model in which the scalar cold dark matter also obtains mass through interaction with the weak-doublet Higgs field , the same way as those of weak gauge bosons and fermions .	Our study shows that the correct cold dark matter relic abundance within $ 3\sigma $ uncertainty ( $ 0.093 & lt ; \Omega_ { dm } h^2 & lt ; 0.129 $ ) and experimentally allowed Higgs boson mass ( $ 114.4 \le m_h \le 208 $ GeV ) constrain the scalar dark matter mass within $ 48 \le m_S \le 78 $ GeV .	This result is in excellent agreement with that of W. de Boer et.al .
+0	The `` double Dixie cup problem '' of D.J .	Newman and L. Shepp ( 1960 ) is a well-known variant of the coupon collector 's problem , where the object of study is the number $ T_ { m } ( N ) $ of coupons that a collector has to buy in order to complete $ m $ sets of all $ N $ existing different coupons .	More precisely , the problem is to determine the asymptotics of the expectation ( and the variance ) of $ T_ { m } ( N ) $ , as well as its limit distribution , as the number $ N $ of different coupons becomes arbitrarily large .	The classical case of the problem , namely the case of equal coupon probabilities , is here extended to the general case , where the probabilities of the selected coupons are unequal .	In the beginning of the article we give a brief review of the formulas for the moments and the moment generating function of the random variable $ T_ { m } ( N ) $ .
+4	We find two sets of solutions with X mass predicted to be about 1820 MeV and 1760 MeV , respectively .	Recent BES data on $ J/\psi \to \phi \pi\pi $ indicate that there is a possible new spin-0 state ( $ f_0 ( 1790 ) $ ) with a mass of $ m=1790^ { +40 } _ { -30 } \mathrm { MeV } /\mathrm { c } ^2 $ .	Assuming it to be an iso-singlet $ 0^+ ( 0^ { ++ } ) $ , we propose a new mixing scheme to describe this and the other three known iso-singlet $ f_0 ( 1370 ) $ , $ f_0 ( 1500 ) $ , $ f_0 ( 1710 ) $ states by adding iso-singlet hybrid states to the usual basis of two iso-singlet quarkonia and one glueball .	Since there are two iso-singlet hybrid states , $ ( u\bar u+d\bar d ) g/\sqrt 2 $ and $ s\bar sg $ , this new basis implies existence of another iso-singlet state $ X $ .	Using known data , we estimate the ranges of the mixing parameters .
+3	Then a low-complexity iterative signal detection algorithm based on the SOR method as well as the convergence proof is proposed .	For uplink large-scale MIMO systems , linear minimum mean square error ( MMSE ) signal detection algorithm is near-optimal but involves matrix inversion with high complexity .	In this paper , we propose a low-complexity signal detection algorithm based on the successive overrelaxation ( SOR ) method to avoid the complicated matrix inversion .	We first prove a special property that the MMSE filtering matrix is symmetric positive definite for uplink large-scale MIMO systems , which is the premise for the SOR method .	The analysis shows that the proposed scheme can reduce the computational complexity from O ( K3 ) to O ( K2 ) , where K is the number of users .
+1	We generalize the method to non-equilibrium hard-core bosons ( Tonks-Girardeau gas ) and establish interrelations between all these problems .	Non-equilibrium bosonization technique facilitates the solution of a number of important many-body problems out of equilibrium , including the Fermi-edge singularity , the tunneling spectroscopy and full counting statistics of interacting fermions forming a Luttinger liquid .	The results can be expressed in terms of Fredholm determinants of Toeplitz type .	We analyze the long time asymptotics of such determinants , using Szeg\H { o } and Fisher-Hartwig theorems .	Our analysis yields dephasing rates as well as power-law scaling behavior , with exponents depending not only on the interaction strength but also on the non-equilibrium state of the system .
+3	We image the mass-donor star in narrow absorption lines of Na I Lambda-Lambda-5890 , 5896 , 8183 , 8195 and Ca II Lambda-8662 , implying an origin from the secondary itself rather than the interstellar medium .	We present Doppler and modulation tomography of the X-ray nova XTE J1118+480 with data obtained during quiescence using the 10-m Keck II telescope .	The hot spot where the gas stream hits the accretion disc is seen in H-Alpha , H-Beta , He I Lambda-5876 , and Ca II Lambda-8662 , thus verifying the presence of continued mass transfer within the system .	The disc is clearly seen in H-Alpha and Ca II Lambda-8662 .	We also detect deviations in the centroid of the double peak of H-Alpha akin to those found by Zurita et al .
+3	We compute the slope of the energy curve at Z=N-1 by means of a simple model that depends on the electron affinity and the covalent radius of the neutral atom with N-1 electrons .	We study atoms with N electrons , and nuclear charge Z .	It is well known that the cationic regime , Z & gt ; N is qualitatively described by Thomas-Fermi theory .	The anionic regime , Z & lt ; N , on the other hand , is characterized by an instability threshold at Z_c & lt ; ~ N-1 , below which the atom spontaneously emits an electron .	This slope is used in order to estimate Z_c , which is compared with previous numerical results .
+3	For the variant in which it it required to capture the robber in the shortest possible time , we let time to capture be the payoff function of CCCR ; the ( game theoretic ) value of CCCR is the optimal capture time and ( cop and robber ) time optimal strategies are the ones which achieve the value .	In this paper we study the concurrent cops and robber ( CCCR ) game .	CCCR follows the same rules as the classical , turn-based game , except for the fact that the players move simultaneously .	The cops ' goal is to capture the robber and the concurrent cop number of a graph is defined the minimum number of cops which guarantees capture .	In this paper we prove the following .
+1	The results based on standard CV evolution are presented h ere .	Our recent theoretical work ( Townsley and Bildsten 2002 ) on the thermal state of white dwarfs ( WDs ) in low mass transfer rate binaries allows us to predict the broadband colors of the binary from those of the WD and companion when the disk is dim .	These will aid the discovery of such objects in field surveys and proper-motion selected globular cluster surveys with HST ; especially for the largely unexplored post period minim um Cataclysmic Variables ( CVs ) with the lowest accretion rates and degenerate companions .	We have also calculated the fraction of time that the WD resides in the ZZ Ceti instability strip thus clarifying that we expect many accreting WDs to exhibit non-radial oscillations .	The study of these will provide new insights into the rotational and thermal structure of an actively accreting WD .
+2	We propose to develop another scenario of relativistic Fermi acceleration in the internal shock stage .	In this paper , we have made an accurate investigation of proton acceleration in GRBs and we have predicted a possible signature of cosmic rays , in a sufficiently baryon-loaded fireball , via GeV $ \gamma $ -ray emission produced by $ \pi^ { 0 } $ -meson decay .	If two ungrounded assumptions are removed , namely , Bohm 's scaling and a slow magnetic field decrease , the usual Fermi processes are unable to generate ultra high energy cosmic rays ( UHECRs ) in GRBs .	We present the results of a realistic Monte-Carlo simulation of a multi-front acceleration which clearly shows the possible generation of UHECR .	The amount of energy converted into UHECRs turns out to be a sizeable fraction of the magnetic energy .
+2	Unfortunately most of an object 's parts of interest in such applications share the same pixel characteristics , having similar colour and texture .	The problem of segmenting a given image into coherent regions is important in Computer Vision and many industrial applications require segmenting a known object into its components .	Examples include identifying individual parts of a component for process control work in a manufacturing plant and identifying parts of a car from a photo for automatic damage detection .	This makes segmenting the object into its components a non-trivial task for conventional image segmentation algorithms .	In this paper , we propose a `` Model Assisted Segmentation '' method to tackle this problem .
+0	Imaging depth of optical microscopy has been fundamentally limited to millimeter or sub-millimeter due to light scattering .	X-ray microscopy can resolve spatial details of few microns deeply inside a sample but the contrast resolution is still inadequate to depict heterogeneous features at cellular or sub-cellular levels .	To enhance and enrich biological contrast at large imaging depth , various nanoparticles are introduced and become essential to basic research and molecular medicine .	Nanoparticles can be functionalized as imaging probes , similar to fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins .	LiGa5O8 : Cr3+ nanoparticles were recently synthesized to facilitate luminescence energy storage with x-ray pre-excitation and the subsequently stimulated luminescence emission by visible/near-infrared ( NIR ) light .
+2	Here , we propose a microwave photonic quantum bus for a direct strong coupling between the topological and conventional qubits , in which the energy mismatch is compensated by the external driving field via the fractional ac Josephson effect .	Hybrid architectures , consisting of conventional and topological qubits , have recently attracted much attention due to their capability in consolidating the robustness of topological qubits and the universality of conventional qubits .	However , these two kinds of qubits are normally constructed in significantly different energy scales , and thus this energy mismatch is a major obstacle for their coupling that supports the exchange of quantum information between them .	In the framework of tight-binding simulation and perturbation theory , we show that the energy splitting of the topological qubits in a finite length nanowire is still robust against local perturbations , which is ensured not only by topology , but also by the particle-hole symmetry .	Therefore , the present scheme realizes a robust interface between the flying and topological qubits .
+4	lower limit of 37GeV/c2 to be set on the mass of the lightest neutralino for any tan beta and sfermion mass .	Searches for pair production of squarks , sleptons , charginos , and neutralinos are performed with the data collected by the ALEPH detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies from 188.6 to 201.6 GeV .	No evidence for any such signals is observed in a total integrated luminosity of about 410pb-1 .	The negative results of the searches are translated into exclusion domains in the space of the relevant MSSM parameters , which improve significantly on the constraints set previously .	Under the assumptions of gaugino and sfermion mass unification , these results allow a 95 % C.L .
+1	A simple analysis is provided by utilizing the reparametrization invariance of the decay amplitudes .	We study the effects of new-physics contributions to B -- & gt ; pi pi decays , which can be parametrized as four new complex quantities .	We find that six quantities can be reabsorbed into the definitions of Standard Model-like parameters .	As a result , the usual isospin analysis provides only two constraints on new physics which are independent of estimates for the Standard Model contributions .	In particular , we show that one is not sensitive to new physics affecting the I=0 amplitudes .
+4	The dependence of the force on the degree of valency ( the number of binding sites occupied by a chaperone ) is studied in detail .	We investigate the translocation of a stiff polymer through a nanopore in a membrane , in the presence of binding particles ( chaperones ) that bind reversibly to the polymer on both sides of the membrane .	A bound chaperone covers one ( univalent binding ) or many ( multivalent binding ) binding sites .	Assuming that the diffusion of the chaperones is fast compared to the rate of translocation we describe the process by a one-dimensional master equation .	We expand previous models by a detailed study of the effective force in the master equation , which is obtained by the appropriate statistical mechanical average over the chaperone states .
+1	We calculated the thermal response of the donor star to mass loss , in order to determine its stability and follow the evolution of the mass transfer .	We have performed detailed numerical calculations of the non-conservative evolution of close X-ray binary systems with intermediate-mass ( 2.0-6.0 M_sun ) donor stars and a 1.3 M_sun accreting neutron star .	Under the assumption of the `` isotropic re-emission model '' we demonstrate that in many cases it is possible for the binary to prevent a spiral-in and survive a highly super-Eddington mass-transfer phase ( 1 & lt ; & lt ; M_dot/M_Edd & lt ; 10^5 ) on a sub-thermal timescale , if the convective envelope of the donor star is not too deep .	These systems thus provide a new formation channel for binary millisecond pulsars with heavy CO white dwarfs and relatively short orbital periods ( 3-50 days ) .	However , we conclude that to produce a binary pulsar with a O-Ne-Mg white dwarf or P_orb ~1 day ( e.g.PSR B0655+64 ) the above scenario does not work , and a spiral-in phase is still considered the most plausible scenario for the formation of such a system .
+4	It can be proved , however , that only the volume entropy satisfies exactly the traditional form of the laws of thermodynamics for a broad class of physical systems , including all standard classical Hamiltonian systems , regardless of their size .	Depending on the exact experimental conditions , the thermodynamic properties of physical systems can be related to one or more thermostatistical ensembles .	Here , we survey the notion of thermodynamic temperature in different statistical ensembles , focusing in particular on subtleties that arise when ensembles become non-equivalent .	The 'mother ' of all ensembles , the microcanonical ensemble , uses entropy and internal energy ( the most fundamental , dynamically conserved quantity ) to derive temperature as a secondary thermodynamic variable .	Over the past century , some confusion has been caused by the fact that several competing microcanonical entropy definitions are used in the literature , most commonly the volume and surface entropies introduced by Gibbs .
+4	The range of validity of the central limit approximation is discussed .	The Non-thermal phase transition in high energy collisions is studied in some detail in the framework of random cascade model .	The relation between the characteristic parameter $ \lambda_q $ of phase transition and the rank $ q $ of moment is obtained using Monte Carlo simulation , and the existence of two phases in self-similarly cascading multiparticle systems is shown .	The relation between the critical point $ q_c $ of phase transition on the fluctuation parameter $ \alpha $ is obtained and compared with the experimental results from NA22 .	The same study is carried out also by analytical calculation under central limit approximation .
+3	We also show that either of the quadratures can be squeezed depending on the sign of the QOC .	We study an optomechanical system consisting of an optical cavity and movable mirror coupled through dispersive linear optomechanical coupling ( LOC ) and quadratic optomechanical coupling ( QOC ) .	We work in the resolved side band limit with a high quality factor mechanical oscillator in a strong coupling regime .	We show that the presence of QOC in the conventional optomechanical system ( with LOC alone ) modifies the mechanical oscillator 's frequency and generates its quadrature squeezing .	With detailed numerical calculations we show that in such systems , the 3 dB limit can be beaten .
+4	Our analytical nonlinear coefficients are in agreement with numerical results obtained by Monte Carlo tilted simulations .	Discrete and continuous models belonging to a universality class share the same linearities and ( or ) nonlinearities .	In this work , we propose a new approach to calculate coarse grained coefficients of the continuous differential equation from discrete models .	We apply small constant translations in a test space and show how to obtain these coefficients from the transformed average interface growth velocity .	Using the examples of the ballistic deposition ( BD ) model and the restricted solid-on-solid ( RSOS ) model , both belonging to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang ( KPZ ) universality class , we demonstrate how to apply our approach to calculate analytically the corresponding coefficients of the KPZ equation .
+1	We analyze the relation between transverse momentum components and transverse separations .	We study the structure of generalized parton distributions in impact parameter space with the aim of determining the size and role of small transverse separations components in the quarks wave function .	Wave functions with large transverse momentum components can simultaneously reproduce the behavior of the Dirac form factor at large momentum transfer , and of the deep inelastic structure functions at Bjorken x - & gt ; 1 .	The presence of large momentum components does not ensure , however , the dominance of small transverse distances at large x .	We suggest that experiments measuring the attenuation of hadrons in the nuclear medium , or the onset of color transparency , can provide an alternative source of information on generalized parton distributions , by mapping out the behavior of the transverse components of the wave function .
+4	We propose a novel approach that offers high-level programming , code portability and high-performance .	Computing systems have become increasingly complex with the emergence of heterogeneous hardware combining multicore CPUs and GPUs .	These parallel systems exhibit tremendous computational power at the cost of increased programming effort .	This results in a tension between achieving performance and code portability .	Code is either tuned using device-specific optimizations to achieve maximum performance or is written in a high-level language to achieve portability at the expense of performance .
+0	Theories beyond the standard model include a number of new particles some of which might be light and weakly coupled to ordinary matter .	Such particles affect equation of state of nuclear matter and can shift admissible masses of neutron stars to higher values .	The internal structure of neutron stars is modified provided the ratio between coupling strength and mass squared of a weakly interacting light boson is above $ g^2/\mu^2 \sim 25 ~\mathrm { GeV } ^ { -2 } $ .	We provide limits on the couplings with the strange sector , which can not be achieved from laboratory experiments analysis .	When the couplings to the first family of quarks is considered the limits imposed by the neutron stars are not more stringent than the existing laboratory ones .
+4	Our approach leverages recent work on submodular function maximization to provide a formal regret reduction from submodular sequence optimization to simple cost-sensitive prediction .	Sequence optimization , where the items in a list are ordered to maximize some reward has many applications such as web advertisement placement , search , and control libraries in robotics .	Previous work in sequence optimization produces a static ordering that does not take any features of the item or context of the problem into account .	In this work , we propose a general approach to order the items within the sequence based on the context ( e.g. , perceptual information , environment description , and goals ) .	We take a simple , efficient , reduction-based approach where the choice and order of the items is established by repeatedly learning simple classifiers or regressors for each `` slot '' in the sequence .
+1	The coefficients of such Redheffer representations are analytic operator-valued functions defined on the unit disc D of the complex plane .	It is well known that the solutions of a ( relaxed ) commutant lifting problem can be described via a linear fractional representation of the Redheffer type .	In this paper we consider the converse question .	Given a Redheffer representation , necessary and sufficient conditions on the coefficients are obtained guaranteeing the representation to appear in the description of the solutions to some relaxed commutant lifting problem .	In addition , a result concerning a form of non-uniqueness appearing in the Redheffer representations under consideration and an harmonic maximal principle , generalizing a result of A. Biswas , are proved .
+4	The implications of our results for better understanding of the dynamics of the glasma as well as for the extraction of transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma are outlined .	Anisotropic flow coefficients v_1-v_5 in heavy ion collisions are computed by combining a classical Yang-Mills description of the early time glasma flow with the subsequent relativistic viscous hydrodynamic evolution of matter through the quark-gluon plasma and hadron gas phases .	The glasma dynamics , as realized in the IP-Glasma model , takes into account event-by-event geometric fluctuations in nucleon positions and intrinsic sub-nucleon scale color charge fluctuations ; the pre-equilibrium flow of matter is then matched to the MUSIC algorithm describing viscous hydrodynamic flow and particle production at freeze-out .	The IP-Glasma+MUSIC model describes well both transverse momentum dependent and integrated v_n data measured at the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ( RHIC ) .	The model also reproduces the event-by-event distributions of v_2 , v_3 and v_4 measured by the ATLAS collaboration .
+0	We show by a counter example the failure of rational dilation on the tetrablock , a polynomially convex and non-convex domain in $ \mathbb C^3 $ , defined as $ $ \mathbb E = \ { ( x_1 , x_2 , x_3 ) \in\mathbb C^3\ , :\ , 1-zx_1-wx_2+zwx_3\neq 0 \textup { whenever } |z|\leq 1 , |w|\leq 1 \ } .	$ $ A commuting triple of operators $ ( T_1 , T_2 , T_3 ) $ for which the closed tetrablock $ \overline { \mathbb E } $ is a spectral set , is called an $ \mathbb E $ -contraction .	For an $ \mathbb E $ -contraction $ ( T_1 , T_2 , T_3 ) $ , the two operator equations $ $ T_1-T_2^*T_3=D_ { T_3 } X_1D_ { T_3 } \textup { and } T_2-T_1^*T_3= D_ { T_3 } X_2D_ { T_3 } , \quad D_ { T_3 } = ( I-T_3^*T_3 ) ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } , $ $ have unique solutions $ A_1 , A_2 $ on $ \mathcal D_ { T_3 } =\overline { Ran } D_ { T_3 } $ and they are called the fundamental operators of $ ( T_1 , T_2 , T_3 ) $ .	For a particular class of $ \mathbb E $ -contractions , we prove it necessary for the existence of rational dilation that the corresponding fundamental operators $ A_1 , A_2 $ satisfy the conditions \begin { equation } \label { abstract } A_1A_2=A_2A_1 \textup { and } A_1^*A_1-A_1A_1^*=A_2^*A_2-A_2A_2^* .	\end { equation } Then we construct an $ \mathbb E $ -contraction from that particular class which fails to satisfy ( \ref { abstract } ) .
+0	In this paper we present an extensive evaluation of visual descriptors for the content-based retrieval of remote sensing images .	The evaluation includes global , local , and Convolutional Neural Network ( CNNs ) features coupled with three different Content-Based Image Retrieval schemas .	We conducted all the experiments on two publicly available datasets : the 21-class UC Merced Land Use/Land Cover data set and 19-class High-resolution Satellite Scene dataset .	Results demonstrate that features extracted from CNNs are the best performing whatever is the retrieval schema adopted .	Local descriptors perform better than CNN-based descriptors only when dealing with images that contain fine-grained textures or objects .
+3	The wide wavelength coverage of our instrument allows us to characterize and reduce both the atmospheric and galactic contamination in our data .	Results from the third campaign of a ground-based multi-band observation of the millimeter emission of the sky from Tenerife ( Canary Islands ) are presented .	The instrument consists of a 0.45 meter diameter off-axis telescope equipped with a 4-band multi-mode $ ^3He $ cooled photometer working at 1.1 , 1.3 , 2.1 and 3.1 { \notetoeditor { These are effective wavelengths } } mm wavelengths .	The beam is well approximated by a Gaussian with 1 $ % ^ { o } $ .35 Full Width Half Maximum ( FWHM ) at all wavelengths .	The CMBR data is analyzed in 6 multipole bands whose centers span the range $ \ell=39 $ to $ \ell =134 $ at the two longest wavelengths ( 2.1 and 3.1 mm ) .
+1	If colliding objects simply merge , a planetary object can grow .	Collisions are a fundamental process in planet formation .	However , if the collision is disruptive , planetary growth is prevented .	Therefore , the impact conditions under which collisions are destructive are important in understanding planet formation .	So far , the critical specific impact energy for a disruptive collision Q_D^* has been investigated for various types of collisions between objects ranging in scale from centimeters to thousands of kilometers .
+3	The Fedosov results are re-defined for gravitational gauge like connections and there are analyzed the conditions when the star product for deformation quantization is computed in terms of geometric objects in loop quantum gravity .	We propose an unified approach to loop quantum gravity and Fedosov quantization of gravity following the geometry of double spacetime fibrations and their quantum deformations .	There are considered pseudo-Riemannian manifolds enabled with 1 ) a nonholonomic 2+2 distribution defining a nonlinear connection ( N-connection ) structure and 2 ) an Arnowitt-Deser-Misner 3+1 decomposition .	The Ashtekar-Barbero variables are generalized and adapted to the N-connection structure which allows us to write the general relativity theory equivalently in terms of Lagrange-Finsler variables and related canonical almost symplectic forms and connections .	We speculate on equivalence of quantum gravity theories with 3+1 and 2+2 splitting and quantum analogs of the Einstein equations .
+0	We introduce the notion of a braided Lie algebra consisting of a finite-dimensional vector space $ \CL $ equipped with a bracket $ [ \ , \ ] : \CL\tens\CL\to \CL $ and a Yang-Baxter operator $ \Psi : \CL\tens\CL\to \CL\tens\CL $ obeying some axioms .	We show that such an object has an enveloping braided-bialgebra $ U ( \CL ) $ .	We show that every generic $ R $ -matrix leads to such a braided Lie algebra with $ [ \ , \ ] $ given by structure constants $ c^ { IJ } { } _K $ determined from $ R $ .	In this case $ U ( \CL ) =B ( R ) $ the braided matrices introduced previously .	We also introduce the basic theory of these braided Lie algebras , including the natural right-regular action of a braided-Lie algebra $ \CL $ by braided vector fields , the braided-Killing form and the quadratic Casimir associated to $ \CL $ .
+0	Partial differential equations ( PDE ) on manifolds arise in many areas , including mathematics and many applied fields .	Among all kinds of PDEs , the Poisson-type equations including the standard Poisson equation and the related eigenproblem of the Laplace-Beltrami operator are of the most important .	Due to the complicated geometrical structure of the manifold , it is difficult to get efficient numerical method to solve PDE on manifold .	In the paper , we propose a method called point integral method ( PIM ) to solve the Poisson-type equations from point clouds with convergence guarantees .	In PIM , the key idea is to derive the integral equations which approximates the Poisson-type equations and contains no derivatives but only the values of the unknown function .
+3	Our structural characterization of the compound SbAs is performed by single-crystal and high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction , and neutron and x-ray pair distribution function analysis .	The semimetallic Group V elements display a wealth of correlated electron phenomena due to a small indirect band overlap that leads to relatively small , but equal , numbers of holes and electrons at the Fermi energy with high mobility .	Their electronic bonding characteristics produce a unique crystal structure , the rhombohedral A7 structure , which accommodates lone pairs on each site .	Here we show that the A7 structure can display chemical ordering of Sb and As , which were previously thought to mix randomly .	All least-squares refinements indicate ordering of Sb and As , resulting in a GeTe-type structure without inversion symmetry .
+4	In a Bayesian setting , and using Markov decision processes , we show how the Bayes-optimal forwarding algorithm can be computed efficiently when the user will examine each forwarded article , and how an upper bound on the Bayes-optimal procedure and a heuristic index policy can be obtained for the setting when the user will examine only a limited number of forwarded items .	We consider the information filtering problem , in which we face a stream of items , and must decide which ones to forward to a user to maximize the number of relevant items shown , minus a penalty for each irrelevant item shown .	Forwarding decisions are made separately in a personalized way for each user .	We focus on the cold-start setting for this problem , in which we have limited historical data on the user 's preferences , and must rely on feedback from forwarded articles to learn which the fraction of items relevant to the user in each of several item categories .	Performing well in this setting requires trading exploration vs. exploitation , forwarding items that are likely to be irrelevant , to allow learning that will improve later performance .
+3	Future observations of star clusters should be conducted slightly interior to the half-mass radius of the cluster in order to best obtain information about the cluster age and initial mass function from the white dwarf luminosity function .	We use the results of realistic N-body simulations to investigate the appearance of the white dwarf population in dense star clusters .	We show that the presence of a substantial binary population in a star cluster , and the interaction of this population with the cluster environment , has serious consequences for the morphology of the observed white dwarf sequence and the derived white dwarf cooling age of the cluster .	We find that over time the dynamical evolution of the cluster -- mass-segregation , stellar interactions and tidal stripping -- hampers the use of white dwarfs as tracers of the initial mass function , and also leads to a significant enhancement of the white dwarf mass fraction .	The evolution of binary stars and the cluster environment must necessarily be accounted for when studying the white dwarf populations of dynamically evolved star clusters .
+4	We find that the formation of a significant disk or torus of NS material around the BH always requires a near-maximal BH spin and a low initial inclination of the NS orbit just prior to merger .	We use a 3-D relativistic SPH ( Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics ) code to study mergers of black hole -- neutron star ( BH -- NS ) binary systems with low mass ratios , adopting $ M_ { NS } /M_ { BH } \simeq 0.1 $ as a representative case .	The outcome of such mergers depends sensitively on both the magnitude of the BH spin and its obliquity ( i.e. , the inclination of the binary orbit with respect to the equatorial plane of the BH ) .	In particular , only systems with sufficiently high BH spin parameter $ a $ and sufficiently low orbital inclinations allow any NS matter to escape or to form a long-lived disk outside the BH horizon after disruption .	Mergers of binaries with orbital inclinations above $ \sim60^o $ lead to complete prompt accretion of the entire NS by the BH , even for the case of an extreme Kerr BH .
+2	We demonstrate that the density and temperature dependences of spin relaxation time in GaAs $ _ { 1-x } $ Bi $ _x $ resemble the ones in GaAs .	The electron spin relaxation in $ n $ -type and intrinsic GaAs $ _ { 1-x } $ Bi $ _x $ with Bi composition $ 0\le x \le 0.1 $ is investigated from the microscopic kinetic spin Bloch equation approach .	The incorporation of Bi is shown to markedly decrease the spin relaxation time as a consequence of the modification of the spin-orbit interaction .	Meanwhile , the Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanism is found to be negligible compared to the D'yakonov-Perel ' mechanism in intrinsic sample .	Due to the absence of direct measurement of the electron effective mass in the whole compositional range under investigation , we further explore the effect of a possible variation of electron effective mass on the electron spin relaxation .
+3	The outstanding question concerns a possible population of obscured AGN at high redshift , which are thought to produce the X-ray background , although few are observed directly .	The paradigm for AGN unification is reviewed , in terms of its optical manifestation as obscuration in the equatorial plane and its radio manifestation as relativistic beaming of the jet emission .	Within this paradigm , observed AGN properties depend strongly on orientation angle .	The predictions of unification are commensurate with the local numbers of AGN of various types .	We describe early results from GOODS , an HST-SIRTF-Chandra multiwavelength survey , which has as one of its principal goals the search for such obscured AGN .
+1	Compared to previous runs the statistics has been increased in the 1998 run by more than one order of magnitude for negatively charged objects at different spectrometer rigidities .	Besides the dedicated search for strangelets NA52 measures light ( anti ) particle and ( anti ) nuclei production over a wide range of rapidity .	Together with previous data taking at a rigidity of -20 GeV/c we obtained 10^6 antiprotons 10^3 antideuterons and two antihelium3 without centrality requirements .	We measured nuclei and antinuclei ( p , d , antiprotons , antideuterons ) near midrapidity covering an impact parameter range of b=2-12 fm .	Our results strongly indicate that nuclei and antinuclei are mainly produced via the coalescence mechanism .
+1	More precisely , there is no algorithm deciding , for a given set $ \cal T $ consisting of Tuple Generating Dependencies ( a.k.a .	We show that all -- instances termination of chase is undecidable .	Datalog $ ^\exists $ program ) , whether the $ \cal T $ -chase on $ D $ will terminate for every finite database instance $ D $ .	Our method applies to Oblivious Chase , Semi-Oblivious Chase and -- after a slight modification -- also for Standard Chase .	This means that we give a ( negative ) solution to the all -- instances termination problem for all version of chase that are usually considered .
+0	A GEANT4-based Monte-Carlo model is developed to study the performance of Endcap Time-Of-Flight ( ETOF ) at BESIII .	It 's found that the multiple scattering effects , mainly from the materials at the MDC endcap , can cause multi-hit on the ETOF 's readout cell and significantly influence the timing property of ETOF .	Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber ( MRPC ) with a smaller readout cell structure is more suitable for ETOF detector due to significantly reduced multi-hit rate , from 71.5 % for currently-used scintillator-based ETOF to 21.8 % or 16.7 % for MRPC-based ETOF , depending on the readout pad size used .	The timing performance of a MRPC ETOF is also improved .	These simulation results suggest and guide an ETOF upgrade effort at BESIII .
+0	We describe a novel type of magnetic domain wall which , in contrast to Bloch or Neel walls , is non-localized and , in a certain temperature range , non-monotonic .	The wall appears as the mean-field solution of the two-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model frustrated by the long-ranged dipolar interaction .	We provide experimental evidence of this wall delocalization in the stripe-domain phase of perpendicularly magnetized ultrathin magnetic films .	In agreement with experimental results , we find that the stripe width decreases with increasing temperature and approaches a finite value at the Curie-temperature following a power law .	The same kind of wall and a similar temperature dependence of the stripe width is expected in the mean-field approximation of the two-dimensional Coulomb frustrated Ising ferromagnet .
+2	The excess mass spectrum in the region M & lt ; 1 GeV is consistent with a dominant contribution from pi+pi- - & gt ; rho - & gt ; mu+mu- annihilation .	Clear signs of excess dileptons above the known sources were found at the SPS since long .	However , a real clarification of these observations was only recently achieved by NA60 , measuring dimuons with unprecedented precision in 158A GeV , In-In collisions .	The associated rho spectral function shows a strong broadening , but essentially no shift in mass .	In the region M & gt ; 1 GeV , the excess is found to be prompt , not due to enhanced charm production .
+4	The agreement may motivate a deeper analysis of our model viewing an application to quasi-planar cuprate superconductors .	We consider a parity-preserving QED_3 model with spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry as a framework for the evaluation of the electron-electron interaction potential underlying high-T_c superconductivity .	The fact that the resulting potential , -C_s K_ { 0 } ( Mr ) , is non-confining and `` weak '' ( in the sense of Kato ) strongly suggests the mechanism of pair-condensation .	This potential , compatible with an s-wave order parameter , is then applied to the Schr\ '' odinger equation for the sake of numerical calculations , thereby enforcing the existence of bound states .	The results worked out by means of our theoretical framework are checked by considering a number of phenomenological data extracted from different copper oxide superconductors .
+2	At larger electric fields and up to about 100 V/cm a reproducible negative differential resistance is observed with a significant change in shape of the measured resistivity in time .	Electric-field-dependent pulse measurements are reported in the charge-ordered state of alpha- ( BEDT-TTF ) 2I3 .	At low electric fields up to about 50 V/cm only negligible deviations from Ohmic behavior can be identified with no threshold field .	These changes critically depend whether constant voltage or constant current is applied to the single crystal .	At high enough electric fields the resistance displays a dramatic drop down to metallic values and relaxes subsequently in a single-exponential manner to its low-field steady-state value .
+0	We present very low temperature ( 0.15 K ) scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy experiments in the layered superconductor LaSb $ _2 $ .	We obtain topographic microscopy images with surfaces showing hexagonal and square atomic size patterns , and observe in the tunneling conductance a superconducting gap .	We find well defined quasiparticle peaks located at a bias voltage comparable to the weak coupling s-wave BCS expected gap value ( 0.17 meV ) .	The amount of states at the Fermi level is however large and the curves are significantly broadened .	We find T $ _c $ of 1.2 K by following the tunneling conductance with temperature .
+3	The minimal AMSB scenario can satisfy in part of its parameter space the dark matter requirement but is only marginally consistent with the current Higgs boson mass value .	Anomaly mediation models are well motivated supersymmetry breaking scenarios which appear as alternatives to the mSUGRA paradigm .	These models are quite compelling from the theoretical point of view and it is therefore important to test if they are also viable models for phenomenology .	We perform a study of these models in the light of all standard flavour , collider and dark matter constraints , including also the recent Higgs boson measurements for the mass and signal strengths in the different decay channels .	The HyperCharge-AMSB and Mixed Moduli-AMSB scenarios can better describe present data from dark matter , flavour , low energy physics and are consistent with the measured mass of the Higgs boson .
+2	Starting from the fundamental equations describing a system of condensed bosons , we highlight the presence of a vacuum source term for the analogue gravitational field , playing the role of a cosmological constant .	For almost a century , the cosmological constant has been a mysterious object , in relation to both its origin and its very small value .	By using a Bose-Einstein condensate analogue model for gravitational dynamics , we address here the cosmological constant issue from an analogue gravity standpoint .	In this simple system it is possible to compute from scratch the value of this constant , to compare it with other characteristic energy scales and hence address the problem of its magnitude within this framework , suggesting a different path for the solution of this longstanding puzzle .	We find that , even though this constant term is related with quantum vacuum effects , it is not immediately related to the ground state energy of the condensate .
+3	We conjecture that two Moufang 2-loops of finite order $ n $ with equivalent associator can be connected by a series of constructions similar to ours , and offer empirical evidence that this is so for $ n=16 $ , 24 , 32 ; the only interesting cases with $ n\le 32 $ .	Two constructions due to Dr\'apal produce a group by modifying exactly one quarter of the Cayley table of another group .	We present these constructions in a compact way , and generalize them to Moufang loops , using loop extensions .	Both constructions preserve associators , the associator subloop , and the nucleus .	We further investigate the way the constructions affect code loops and loops of type $ M ( G , 2 ) $ .
+1	In addition , we describe lower-resolution observations of B2 0326+39 and a reanalysis of our published images of 3C 296 .	We present deep , high-resolution imaging of the nearby Fanaroff-Riley Class I ( FR I ) radio galaxies NGC 193 , B2 0206+35 , B2 0755+37 and M 84 at frequencies of 4.9 and 1.4 GHz using new and archival multi-configuration observations from the Very Large Array .	All of these radio galaxies show twin jets and well-defined lobes or bridges of emission , and we examine the common properties of this class of source .	We show detailed images of total intensity , brightness gradient , spectral index , degree of polarization and projected magnetic-field direction .	The jet bases are very similar to those in tailed twin-jet sources and show the characteristics of decelerating , relativistic flows .
+1	Depending on parameter choices , this system describes either a relativistic particle in the Robertson-Walker background , or metric fluctuations of the Robertson-Walker geometry .	Using a novel , string theory-inspired formalism based on a Hamiltonian constraint , we obtain a conformal mechanical system for the spatially flat four-dimensional Robertson-Walker Universe .	Moreover we derive a tree-level M-theory matrix model in this time-dependent background .	Imposing the Hamiltonian constraint forces the spacetime geometry to be fuzzy near the big bang , while the classical Robertson-Walker geometry emerges as the Universe expands .	From our approach we also derive the temperature of the Universe interpolating between the radiation and matter dominated eras .
+2	The inferred X-ray luminosity [ ( 2+/-1 ) x 10^ { 38 } ergs/s ; 0.3-2 keV band ] is likely caused by interaction of the SN shock with circumstellar material ( CSM ) , deposited by a stellar wind from the progenitor 's companion star with a mass-loss rate of ~ 3 x 10^ { -6 } M_sun/yr ( v_w/10 km/s ) .	We present a study of the early ( days to weeks ) X-ray and UV properties of eight Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) which have been extensively observed with the X-Ray Telescope ( XRT ) and UV/Optical Telescope ( UVOT ) onboard Swift , ranging from 5-132 days after the outburst .	SN 2005ke is tentatively detected ( at a 3-3.6 sigma level of significance ) in X-rays based on deep monitoring with the XRT ranging from 8 to 120 days after the outburst .	Evidence of CSM interaction in X-rays is independently confirmed by an excess of UV emission as observed with the UVOT onboard Swift , starting around 35 days after the explosion .	The non-detection of SN 2005ke with Chandra 105 days after the outburst implies a rate of decline steeper than L_x \propto t^ { -0.75 } , consistent with the decline expected from the interaction of the SN shock with a spherically symmetric CSM ( t^ { -1 } ) .
+3	The present study provides 179 new infrared clusters and stellar groups , which are interesting targets for detailed future infrared studies .	We carried out a 2MASS J , H and K_s survey of infrared star clusters in the Milky Way sector 230 $ ^ { \circ } $ $ & lt ; \ell & lt ; $ 350 $ ^ { \circ } $ .	This zone was the least studied in the literature , previously including only 12 infrared clusters or stellar groups with $ |b| & lt ; $ 10 $ ^ { \circ } $ , according to the recent catalogue by Bica et al . ( 2003 ) .	We concentrated efforts on embedded clusters , which are those expected in the areas of known radio and optical nebulae .	The sample of catalogued infrared clusters and stellar groups in the Galaxy is now increased by 63 % .
+0	Interference Alignment ( IA ) is the process of designing signals in such a way that they cast overlapping shadows at their unintended receivers , while remaining distinguishable at the intended ones .	Our goal in this paper is to come up with an algorithm for IA that runs at the transmitters only ( and is transparent to the receivers ) , that does n't require channel reciprocity , and that alleviates the need to alternate between the forward and reverse network as is the case in Distributed IA ( Gomadam , Cadambe , Jafar 08 ' ) , thereby inducing significant overhead in certain environments where the channel changes frequently .	Most importantly , our effort is focused on ensuring that this one-sided approach does not degrade the performance of the system w.r.t .	Distributed IA ( since it can not improve it ) .	As a first step , we model the interference in each receiver 's desired signal as a function of the transmitters ' beamforming vectors .
+2	In particular , we consider in detail charge transfer , changes in the electrostatic potential , and their subsequent effects on the IV curves through the junctions .	Ab initio calculations of phenyl dithiol connected to Au , Ag , Pd , and Pt electrodes are performed using non-equilibrium Green 's functions and density functional theory .	For each metal , the properties of the molecular junction are considered both in equilibrium and under bias .	Gold is typically used in molecular junctions because it forms strong chemical bonds with sulfur .	We find however that Pt and Pd make better electrical contacts than Au .
+0	We theoretically investigate electron spin injection and spin-polarization sensitive current detection at Schottky contacts between a ferromagnetic metal and an n-type or p-type semiconductor .	We use spin-dependent continuity equations and transport equations at the drift-diffusion level of approximation .	Spin-polarized electron current and density in the semiconductor are described for four scenarios corresponding to the injection or the collection of spin polarized electrons at Schottky contacts to n-type or p-type semiconductors .	The transport properties of the interface are described by a spin-dependent interface resistance , resulting from an interfacial tunneling region .	The spin-dependent interface resistance is crucial for achieving spin injection or spin polarization sensitivity in these configurations .
+1	Such variations can not be explained solely with changes in the Debye energy .	The position and strength of the boson peak in silica glass vary considerably with temperature $ T $ .	New Brillouin scattering measurements are presented which allow determining the $ T $ -dependence of unrelaxed acoustic velocities .	Using a velocity based on the bulk modulus , scaling exponents are found which agree with the soft-potential model .	The unrelaxed bulk modulus thus appears to be a good measure for the structural evolution of silica with $ T $ and to set the energy scale for the soft potentials .
+1	Such positive energy evolutions always exist as noncommutative flows , but have only a partial geometric meaning , yet they map localized observables into localized observables .	Given a local quantum field theory net A on the de Sitter spacetime dS^d , where geodesic observers are thermalized at Gibbons-Hawking temperature , we look for observers that feel to be in a ground state , i.e.particle evolutions with positive generator , providing a sort of converse to the Hawking-Unruh effect .	We characterize the local conformal nets on dS^d .	Only in this case our positive energy evolutions have a complete geometrical meaning .	We show that each net has a unique maximal expected conformal subnet , where our evolutions are thus geometrical .
+3	It is applied to two web-scale crawls covering tens of terabytes .	The proliferation of the web presents an unsolved problem of automatically analyzing billions of pages of natural language .	We introduce a scalable algorithm that clusters hundreds of millions of web pages into hundreds of thousands of clusters .	It does this on a single mid-range machine using efficient algorithms and compressed document representations .	ClueWeb09 and ClueWeb12 contain 500 and 733 million web pages and were clustered into 500,000 to 700,000 clusters .
+4	During the second observation on 2000-04-17 , two narrow absorption features are seen with & gt ; 99.5 % confidence at ~6.4 keV and ~6.9 keV , which we identify as resonant absorption lines of Fe XVIII - Fe XIX K alpha and Fe XXVI K alpha , respectively .	We report sub-arcsecond resolution X-ray imaging spectroscopy of the low luminosity active galactic nucleus of NGC 4258 and its immediate surroundings with the Chandra X-ray Observatory .	NGC 4258 was observed four times , with the first two observations separated by one month , followed over a year later by two consecutive observations .	The spectrum of the nucleus is well described by a heavily absorbed , hard X-ray power law of variable luminosity , plus a constant , thermal soft X-ray component .	We do not detect an iron K alpha emission line with the upper limit to the equivalent width of a narrow , neutral iron line ranging between 94 and 887 eV ( 90 % confidence ) for the different observations .
+1	The mapping $ A $ is a smoothing linear operator and $ \mathcal { E } $ a Gaussian noise .	In this article , the solution of a statistical inverse problem $ M = AU+\mathcal { E } $ by the Bayesian approach is studied where $ U $ is a function on the unit circle $ \mathbb { T } $ , i.e. , a periodic signal .	The connection to the solution of a finite-dimensional computational model $ M_ { kn } = A_k U_n + \mathcal { E } _k $ is discussed .	Furthermore , a novel hierarchical prior model for obtaining edge-preserving conditional mean estimates is introduced .	The convergence of the method with respect to finer discretization is studied and the posterior distribution is shown to converge weakly .
+3	We come up with a simple modification of the deterministic algorithm , achieving a running time of ( d ( k-1 ) /k * k^d/ ( k^d-1 ) ) ^n \poly ( n ) .	Schoening presents a simple randomized algorithm for ( d , k ) -CSP problems with running time ( d ( k-1 ) /k ) ^n poly ( n ) .	Here , d is the number of colors , k is the size of the constraints , and n is the number of variables .	A derandomized version of this , given by Dantsin et al. , achieves a running time of ( dk/ ( k+1 ) ) ^n poly ( n ) , inferior to Schoening 's .	Though not completely eleminating the gap , this comes very close to the randomized bound for all but very small values of d. Our main idea is to define a graph structure on the set of d colors to speed up local search .
+3	We combine methods from linear homogenization theory and the theory on nonlinear dynamics of dissipative systems to obtain the limit problem establishing convergence properties for the solutions .	In this work we consider the asymptotic behavior of the nonlinear semigroup defined by a semilinear parabolic problem with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions posed in a bounded region of the plane that degenerates into a line segment when a positive parameter $ \epsilon $ goes to zero ( a thin domain ) .	Here we also allow that its boundary presents highly oscillatory behavior with different orders and variable profile .	We take thin domains possessing the same order $ \epsilon $ to the thickness and amplitude of the oscillations but assuming different order to the period of oscillations on the top and the bottom of the boundary .	At the end we show the upper semicontinuity of the attractors and stationary states .
+4	All the classified protocols are also organized into layers of the Hourglass model of Grid architecture to understand dependency among these protocols .	Grid computing has attracted many researchers over a few years , and as a result many new protocols have emerged and also evolved since its inception a decade ago .	Grid protocols play major role in implementing services that facilitate coordinated resource sharing across diverse organizations .	In this paper , we provide comprehensive coverage of different core Grid protocols that can be used in Global Grid Computing .	We establish the classification of core Grid protocols into i ) Grid network communication and Grid data transfer protocols , ii ) Grid information security protocols , iii ) Grid resource information protocols , iv ) Grid management protocols , and v ) Grid interface protocols , depending upon the kind of activities handled by these protocols .
+0	We have studied microwave emission from a current-perpendicular-to-plane pseudo spin valve nanopillars with Heusler alloy Co2Fe ( Ga0.5Ge0.5 ) electrodes .	Large emission amplitude exceeding 150 nV/Hz^0.5 , partly owing to the large magnetoresistance , and narrow generation linewidth below 10 MHz are observed .	We also find that the linewidth shows significant dependence on the applied field magnitude and its angle within the film plane .	A minimum in the linewidth is observed when the slope of the frequency versus current becomes near zero .	This agrees with theoretical prediction that takes into account non-linear phase noise as a source for linewidth broadening .
+4	We also observe that the volume of the clusters is proportional to its surface area .	We analyze the behavior of the ensemble of surface boundaries of the critical clusters at $ T=T_c $ in the $ 3d $ Ising model .	We find that $ N_g ( A ) $ , the number of surfaces of given genus $ g $ and fixed area $ A $ , behaves as $ A^ { -x ( g ) } $ $ e^ { -\mu A } $ .	We show that $ \mu $ is a constant independent of $ g $ and $ x ( g ) $ is approximately a linear function of $ g $ .	The sum of $ N_g ( A ) $ over genus scales as a power of $ A $ .
+1	Interestingly , the notorious `zero-mode problem ' is now tractable because of special supersymmetric cancellations .	The Discrete Light-Cone Quantization ( DLCQ ) of a supersymmetric SU ( N ) gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions is discussed , with particular emphasis given to the inclusion of all dynamical zero modes .	In particular , we show that anomalous zero-mode contributions to the currents are absent , in contrast to what is observed in the non-supersymmetric case .	We find that the supersymmetric partner of the gauge zero mode is the diagonal component of the fermion zero mode .	An analysis of the vacuum structure is provided and it is shown that the inclusion of zero modes is crucial for probing the phase properties of the vacua .
+3	FUV observations can probe different layers of the wind in absorption , permitting the derivation of the velocity profile and providing valuable , spatially-resolved diagnostics of the cool wind .	A major outstanding problem in stellar astrophysics lies in understanding the wind generation mechanism by which evolved giants lose mass .	Phase-resolved observations of eclipsing symbiotic binary systems , containing a mass-losing giant and a hot white dwarf , are ideal for studying the wind generation mechanisms in evolved stars .	For such systems we use the orbital motion of the dwarf through the giant 's wind to provide a pencil-beam view through the circumstellar gas .	We present a series of FUSE and HST/STIS observations of two such systems and discuss our findings .
+4	We relate our construction to Caporaso 's balanced Picard stack $ \mathcal { P } _ { d , g } $ .	The jacobian of the universal curve over $ \mathcal { M } _ { g , n } $ is an abelian scheme over $ \mathcal { M } _ { g , n } $ .	Our main result is the construction of an algebraic space $ \beta\colon \tilde { \mathcal { M } } _ { g , n } \rightarrow \bar { \mathcal { M } } _ { g , n } $ over which this jacobian admits a N\'eron model , and such that $ \beta $ is universal with respect to this property .	We prove certain basic properties , for example that $ \beta $ is separated , locally of finite presentation , and satisfies a certain restricted form of the valuative criterion for properness .	In general , $ \beta $ is not quasi-compact .
+1	We adopt two distribution models of strange sea , those are the light-cone meson-baryon fluctuation model and the effective chiral quark model .	Considering of the possible difference in strange and antistrange quark distributions inside nucleon , we investigate the Ds+ -- Ds- asymmetry in photoproduction in the framework of heavy-quark recombination mechanism .	Our results show that the asymmetry induced by the strange quark distributions is distinct , which is measurable in experiments .	And , there are evident differences between the predictions of our calculation and previous estimation .	Therefore , the experimental measurements on the Ds+ -- Ds- asymmetry may impose a unique restriction on the strange-antistrange distribution asymmetry models .
+2	The dominant sources of IM response are believed to be inductive and localized in only small regions of the HTS film having the highest current densities J_RF ( x , y ) .	Microwave resonators made from high-temperature superconducting ( HTS ) films are becoming increasingly commercially competitive in the market of modern communication technologies .	However , unlike normal metals , the HTS device performance suffers from intrinsically nonlinear electrodynamics , resulting in harmonic generation and intermodulation ( IM ) distortion at all levels of circulating power .	In our previous papers , examining microwave resonators of simple microstrip geometry , we have demonstrated that local nonlinearity imaging is possible with the technique of low temperature laser scanning microscopy ( LTLSM ) adapted to microwave experiments .	Unique contrast due to IM current density J_IM ( x , y ) was generated by the IM imaging method .
+3	These objects present our best opportunity to study the host galaxy in detail .	There is considerable evidence that powerful radio quasars and radio galaxies are orientation-dependent manifestations of the same parent population : massive spheroids containing correspondingly massive black holes .	Following the recognition of this unification , research is directed to the task of elucidating the structure and composition of the active nuclei and their hosts to understand the formation and evolution of what we expect to become the most massive of galaxies .	In contrast to the quasars , where the nucleus can outshine the galaxy at optical/near infrared wavelengths by a large factor , the radio galaxies contain a 'built-in coronograph ' that obscures our direct view to the nucleus .	Of particular interest are those sources with redshifts greater than about 2 that represent an epoch when nuclear activity was much more common that it is now and when we believe these objects were in the process of assembly .
+4	In a search for compact ( & lt ; 5 '' ) , optically identified , and highly redshifted ( z & gt ; 3 ) quasars in the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters ( FIRST ) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) catalogues , we have also found two quasars associated with weaker two-sided radio lobes at ~10 '' scale .	We show an archival 1.4-GHz Very Large Array ( VLA ) image of the core-dominated triple ( CDT ) radio source J1628+3906 , along with a recent high-resolution 5-GHz Very Long Baseline Interferometry ( VLBI ) image of its core .	This core is resolved into two nearly symmetric components at ~10 milli-arcsecond ( mas ) angular scale .	The inner structure is markedly misaligned with respect to the large-scale structure .	This morphology can be interpreted as a possible signature of once ceased and then restarted activity of the galactic nucleus , coupled with a rapid repositioning of the central radio jet axis .
+0	The shock wave structure in a one-dimensional lattice ( e.g.granular chain ) with a power law dependence of force on displacement between particles with viscous dissipation is considered and compared to the corresponding long wave approximation .	A dissipative term depending on the relative velocity between neighboring particles is included in the discrete model to investigate its influence on the shape of steady shock profiles .	The critical viscosity coefficient is obtained from the long-wave approximation for arbitrary values of the exponent n and denotes the transition from an oscillatory to a monotonic shock profile in stronly nonlinear systems .	The expression for the critical viscosity coefficient converges to the known equation for the critical viscosity in the weakly nonlinear case .	Values of viscosity based on this expression are comparable to the values obtained in the numerical analysis of a discrete particle lattice with a Herzian contact interaction corresponding to n = 3/2 .
+4	In particular , we obtain quantitative estimates for vanishing of 1-cohomology with coefficients in uniformly bounded representations on a Hilbert space .	The aim of this paper is to extend the framework of the spectral method for proving property ( T ) to the class of reflexive Banach spaces and present a condition implying that every affine isometric action of a given group $ G $ on a reflexive Banach space $ X $ has a fixed point .	This last property is a strong version of Kazhdan 's property ( T ) and is equivalent to the fact that $ H^1 ( G , \pi ) =0 $ for every isometric representation $ \pi $ of $ G $ on $ X $ .	The condition is expressed in terms of $ p $ -Poincar\ ' { e } constants and we provide examples of groups , which satisfy such conditions and for which $ H^1 ( G , \pi ) $ vanishes for every isometric representation $ \pi $ on an $ L_p $ space for some $ p & gt ; 2 $ .	Our methods allow to estimate such a $ p $ explicitly and yield several interesting applications .
+4	We then give two algorithms that are optimal in the sense that they succeed all the way down to this limit .	We study the fundamental limits on learning latent community structure in dynamic networks .	Specifically , we study dynamic stochastic block models where nodes change their community membership over time , but where edges are generated independently at each time step .	In this setting ( which is a special case of several existing models ) , we are able to derive the detectability threshold exactly , as a function of the rate of change and the strength of the communities .	Below this threshold , we claim that no algorithm can identify the communities better than chance .
+3	Namely , Kobayashi 's conjecture relates modified Selmer groups , which he defined , with modified $ p $ -adic $ L $ -functions defined by the first author .	At a prime of ordinary reduction , the Iwasawa `` main conjecture '' for elliptic curves relates a Selmer group to a $ p $ -adic $ L $ -function .	In the supersingular case , the statement of the main conjecture is more complicated as neither the Selmer group nor the $ p $ -adic $ L $ -function is well-behaved .	Recently Kobayashi discovered an equivalent formulation of the main conjecture at supersingular primes that is similar in structure to the ordinary case .	In this paper we prove Kobayashi 's conjecture for elliptic curves with complex multiplication .
+3	We identify five weak closed transitions suitable for laser-cooling , the broadest of which is in the kilohertz range .	The efficiency of laser-cooling relies on the existence of an almost closed optical-transition cycle in the energy spectrum of the considered species .	In this respect rare-earth elements exhibit many transitions which are likely to induce noticeable leaks from the cooling cycle .	In this work , to determine whether laser-cooling of singly-ionized erbium Er $ ^+ $ is feasible , we have performed accurate electronic-structure calculations of energies and spontaneous-emission Einstein coefficients of Er $ ^+ $ , using a combination of \textit { ab initio } and least-square-fitting techniques .	For the strongest transitions , by simulating the cascade dynamics of spontaneous emission , we show that repumping is necessary , and we discuss possible repumping schemes .
+0	In a previous paper we reported on a discontinuity in the extreme horizontal branch ( EHB ) of the Galactic globular cluster NGC6752 , which we called the second U-jump .	This feature was attributed to a combination of post zero-age horizontal branch evolution and diffusion effects .	In this follow-up study we analyze other EHB clusters and show that the second U-jump is a common feature among EHB clusters reaching T_ { eff } \ge 23,000K , and that its onset in different clusters converges around T_ { eff } \sim 21,000\pm3,000K .	We also present near-ultraviolet diagrams of \omega Cen and NGC2808 , the only two objects with spectroscopically confirmed `` blue hook '' stars ( T_ { eff } \ge 35,000K ) .	We confirm predictions of a photometric discontinuity separating late from early-helium flashers .
+4	In contrast to previous results on heavy quark modification , this approach predicts suppression of $ B $ -mesons comparable to that of $ D $ -mesons at transverse momenta as low as $ p_T \sim 10 $ GeV .	In the framework of the reaction operator approach we calculate and resum the multiple elastic scattering of a fast $ q \bar { q } $ system traversing dense nuclear matter .	We derive the collisional broadening of the meson 's transverse momentum and the distortion of its intrinsic light cone wave function .	The medium-induced dissociation probability of heavy mesons is shown to be sensitive to the opacity of the quark-gluon plasma and the time dependence of its formation and evolution .	We solve the system of coupled rate equations that describe the competition between the fragmentation of $ c $ - and $ b $ -quarks and the QGP-induced dissociation of the $ D $ - and $ B $ -mesons to evaluate the quenching of heavy hadrons in nucleus-nucleus collisions .
+3	It is so strong that it could make a bound state $ X $ .	We have searched for a bound state of kaon and pion denoted by $ X $ .	The $ X $ was conjectured to explain the so-called $ \Theta^+ $ resonance as a bound state of kaon , pion and nucleon .	This model explains almost all properties of the $ \Theta^+ $ , however , the model works only if the $ K \pi $ interaction is strongly attractive .	Here we report a result of the search for the $ X $ by using the $ K^+ + N \rightarrow X^+ + N $ reaction at P $ _K\sim $ 1.2 GeV/c .
+3	We investigate this by calculating the statistical expectation value for the angular deflections caused by density fluctuations , which can be done given the matter power spectrum .	A standard method to study the mass distribution in galaxy clusters is through strong lensing of background galaxies in which the positions of multiple images of the same source constrain the surface mass distribution of the cluster .	However , current parametrized mass models can often only reproduce the observed positions to within one or a few arcsec which is worse than the positional measurement uncertainty .	One suggested explanation for this discrepancy is the additional perturbations of the path of the light ray caused by matter density fluctuations along the line of sight .	We find that density fluctuations can , indeed , produce deflections of a few arcsec .
+3	Then , gate operations are implemented by transversal measurements on the prepared logical cluster states .	We investigate a scheme of fault-tolerant quantum computation based on the cluster model .	Logical qubits are encoded by a suitable code such as the Steane 's 7-qubit code .	Cluster states of logical qubits are prepared by post-selection through verification at high fidelity level , where the unsuccessful ones are discarded without recovery operation .	The noise threshold is improved significantly by making the high fidelity preparation and transversal measurement .
+1	Gravitational scattering by nearby moons was suggested as a potential production mechanism ; however , it remained doubtful because a population of Prometheus-mass moons is needed and , obviously , such a population does not exist in the F ring region .	Since 2004 , observations of Saturn 's F ring have revealed that the ring 's core is surrounded by structures with radial scales of hundreds of kilometers , called `` spirals '' and `` jets '' .	We investigate here another mechanism : dissipative physical collisions of kilometer-size moonlets ( or clumps ) with the F-ring core .	We show that it is a viable and efficient mechanism for producing spirals and jets , provided that massive moonlets are embedded in the F-ring core and that they are impacted by loose clumps orbiting in the F ring region , which could be consistent with recent data from ISS , VIMS and UVIS .	We show also that coefficients of restitution as low as ~0.1 are needed to reproduce the radial extent of spirals and jets , suggesting that collisions are very dissipative in the F ring region .
+0	The dynamics of macroscopically homogeneous sheared suspensions of neutrally buoyant , non-Brownian spheres is investigated in the limit of vanishingly small Reynolds numbers using Stokesian dynamics .	We show that the complex dynamics of sheared suspensions can be characterized as a chaotic motion in phase space and determine the dependence of the largest Lyapunov exponent on the volume fraction $ \phi $ .	The loss of memory at the microscopic level of individual particles is also shown in terms of the autocorrelation functions for the two transverse velocity components .	Moreover , a negative correlation in the transverse particle velocities is seen to exist at the lower concentrations , an effect which we explain on the basis of the dynamics of two isolated spheres undergoing simple shear .	In addition , we calculate the probability distribution function of the velocity fluctuations and observe , with increasing $ \phi $ , a transition from exponential to Gaussian distributions .
+1	Because of large helicity suppression , R^\pi_ { e/\mu } is uniquely sensitive to contributions from non- ( V-A ) physics , making this decay a particularly suitable subject of study .	Building on the rare pion and muon decay results of the PIBETA experiment , the PEN collaboration has undertaken a precise measurement of B_ { \pi e2 } = R^\pi_ { e/\mu } , the \pi^+ - & gt ; e^+\nu ( \gamma ) decay branching ratio , at the Paul Scherrer Institute , to reduce the present 40\times experimental precision lag behind theory to ~ 6-7\times .	Even at current precision , the experimental value of B_ { \pi e2 } provides the most accurate test of lepton universality available .	During runs in 2008-10 , PEN has accumulated over 2\times 10^7 \pi_ { e2 } events ; a comprehensive maximum-likelihood analysis is currently under way .	The new data will also lead to improved precision of the earlier PIBETA results on radiative \pi and \mu decays .
+2	Our results are an important step toward effective modeling of the quantum modular adder which is needed for Shor 's and other quantum algorithms .	The quantum adder is an essential attribute of a quantum computer , just as classical adder is needed for operation of a digital computer .	We model the quantum full adder as a realistic complex algorithm on a large number of qubits in an Ising-spin quantum computer .	Our full adder has the following features : ( i ) The near-resonant transitions with small detunings are completely suppressed , which allows us to decrease errors by several orders of magnitude and to model a 1000-qubit full adder .	( We add a 1000-bit number using 2001 spins . )
+2	It has been proposed that strong-field gravitational lensing magnifies the flares .	Episodically accreting black holes are thought to produce flares when a chunk of particles is accelerated to high velocity near the black hole horizon .	This also seems to be the case of Sagittarius A* in the Galactic Center , where the broad-band radiation is produced , likely via the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism .	The effect of lensing is generally weak and requires a fine-tuned geometrical arrangement , which occurs with only a low probability .	However , there are several aspects that make Sagittarius A* a promising target to reveal strong gravity effects .
+2	Galaxy properties and luminosity functions ( LFs ) are estimated up to z~1 for radio loud and radio quiet early and late type galaxies .	( abridged ) We use the 1.4 GHz VIMOS-VLA Deep Survey and the optical VVDS and the CFHT-LS to compare the properties of radio loud galaxies with respect to the whole population of optical galaxies .	The availability of multiband photometry and high quality photometric redshifts allows to derive rest frame colors and radio luminosity functions down to a limit of a B rest-frame magnitude of M=-20 .	Radio loud late type galaxies are redder than radio quiet objects of the same class and this is an effect related to the presence of more dust in stronger star forming galaxies .	Moreover , we estimate optical LFs , stellar masses and star formation rate distributions for radio sources and compare them with those derived for a well defined control sample , finding that the probability for a galaxy to be a radio emitter significantly increases at high values of these parameters .
+2	The reference state ( zeroth-order approximation ) corresponds to a Sonine solution of the Boltzmann equation , which holds for arbitrary values of the restitution coefficients .	Tracer diffusion in a granular gas in simple shear flow is analyzed .	The analysis is made from a perturbation solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation through first order in the gradient of the mole fraction of tracer particles .	Due to the anisotropy induced in the system by the shear flow , the mass flux defines a diffusion tensor $ D_ { ij } $ instead of a scalar diffusion coefficient .	The elements of this tensor are given in terms of the restitution coefficients and mass and size ratios .
+3	Considering the diversity of defect data sets available on the Internet as well as the high cost of labeling data , to address the issue , in this paper we proposed a simple approach according to a distribution characteristic-based instance ( object class ) mapping , and demonstrated the validity of our method based on three public defect data sets ( i.e. , PROMISE , ReLink and AEEEM ) .	Cross-project defect prediction ( CPDP ) has been deemed as an emerging technology of software quality assurance , especially in new or inactive projects , and a few improved methods have been proposed to support better defect prediction .	However , the regular CPDP always assumes that the features of training and test data are all identical .	Hence , very little is known about whether the method for CPDP with imbalanced feature sets ( CPDP-IFS ) works well .	Besides , the empirical results indicate that the hybrid model composed of CPDP and CPDP-IFS does improve the prediction performance of the regular CPDP to some extent .
+1	For the coarse configurations , with a=0.12 fm , eight combinations of dynamical light and strange quarks have been analyzed .	Starting in 2001 , the MILC Collaboration began a large scale calculation of heavy-light meson decay constants using clover valence quarks on ensembles of three flavor configurations .	For the fine configurations , with a=0.09 fm , three combinations of quark masses are studied .	Since we last reported on this calculation , statistics have been increased on the fine ensembles , and , more importantly , a preliminary value for the perturbative renormalization of the axial-vector current has become available .	Thus , results for f_B , f_ { B_s } , f_D and f_ { D_s } can , in principle , be calculated in MeV , in addition to decay-constant ratios that were calculated previously .
+2	Bayer-Fluckiger and Lenstra have shown that when $ char ( E ) \neq 2 $ , then $ F $ admits a self-dual normal basis if and only if $ [ F : E ] $ is odd .	Let $ F/E $ be a finite Galois extension of fields with abelian Galois group $ \Gamma $ .	A self-dual normal basis for $ F/E $ is a normal basis with the additional property that $ Tr_ { F/E } ( g ( x ) , h ( x ) ) =\delta_ { g , h } $ for $ g , h\in\Gamma $ .	If $ F/E $ is an extension of finite fields and $ char ( E ) =2 $ , then $ F $ admits a self-dual normal basis if and only if the exponent of $ \Gamma $ is not divisible by $ 4 $ .	In this paper we construct self-dual normal basis generators for finite extensions of finite fields whenever they exist .
+2	The differential reflectivity \Delta R=R signal of picosecond dynamics could be continuously altered from positive to negative by changing the probe polarization from P to S when the dynamics is probed by a total internal reflected beam .	Polarization characteristic of ultrafast carrier dynamics in multi-layer CVD-grown graphene is probed with tilted beams ( with respected to the graphene plane ) .	The graphene ultrafast carrier dynamics measurement greatly depends on both polarization ( i.e. , orientation of linear polarization ) and wave vector of probe beam .	The polarization dependent \Delta R=R signal around 0 delay time is positive .	It could be altered to negative by changing the probe polarization if the probe beam is non-total internal reflected beam .
+3	The bump observed in the all particle spectrum below the knee gets weakened with the proper treatment of the energy dependent chemical composition .	Using the concept developed in earlier papers , that the cosmic rays originate in three different main sites , a ) the normal supernova explosions into the interstellar medium , b ) the supernova explosions into a stellar wind , and c ) powerful radio galaxies , we demonstrate in this paper that the spectrum and chemical abundances above $ 10^4 $ GeV can be well understood .	Using existing data on the chemical composition of cosmic rays near TeV energies as a constraint , we adjust the parameters of the model to fit the shower size data from the Akeno experiment ; this is necessary since the derivation of an all particle spectrum involves an assumption about the chemical composition of the cosmic rays and so we have to fit the shower size data first and then derive the all particle spectrum .	We present a successful fit to the shower size data which allows us to draw three main conclusions : a ) For most of the energy range above $ 10^5 $ GeV the wind explosions can account for both chemical composition and spectrum including the knee feature , b ) the highest particle energies required from the stellar wind explosions imply a magnetic field in the preexisting stellar wind of at least $ 3 $ Gauss at a fiducial distance of $ 10^ { 14 } $ cm , c ) the chemical abundances above $ 10^5 $ GeV are dominated by heavy nuclei such as Neon and higher .	For high energies we obtain an estimate of the extragalactic proton flux .
+0	We consider online algorithms for broadcast scheduling .	In the pull-based broadcast model there are $ n $ unit-sized pages of information at a server and requests arrive online for pages .	When the server transmits a page $ p $ , all outstanding requests for that page are satisfied .	The longest-wait-first } ( LWF ) algorithm is a natural algorithm that has been shown to have good empirical performance .	In this paper we make two main contributions to the analysis of LWF and broadcast scheduling .
+2	In the present work , further results on SMC methods in high dimensions are provided as $ d\to\infty $ and with $ N $ fixed .	In a recent paper Beskos et al ( 2011 ) , the Sequential Monte Carlo ( SMC ) sampler introduced in Del Moral et al ( 2006 ) , Neal ( 2001 ) has been shown to be asymptotically stable in the dimension of the state space d at a cost that is only polynomial in d , when N the number of Monte Carlo samples , is fixed .	More precisely , it has been established that the effective sample size ( ESS ) of the ensuing ( approximate ) sample and the Monte Carlo error of fixed dimensional marginals will converge as $ d $ grows , with a computational cost of $ \mathcal { O } ( Nd^2 ) $ .	We deduce an explicit bound on the Monte-Carlo error for estimates derived using the SMC sampler and the exact asymptotic relative $ \mathbb { L } _2 $ -error of the estimate of the normalizing constant .	We also establish marginal propagation of chaos properties of the algorithm .
+2	We have empirically determined the optimal method of estimating the 2-point correlation function from just such a magnitude limited survey .	We have investigated the statistical clustering properties of galaxies by calculating the 2-point galaxy correlation function from the Durham/UKST Galaxy Redshift Survey .	This survey is magnitude limited to bj = 17 , contains 2500 galaxies sampled at a rate of one in three and surveys a 4 \times 10^6 ( h^-1Mpc ) ^3 volume of space .	Using this method , our correlation function results confirm the previously claimed detections of large scale power out to 40h^-1 Mpc scales .	We compare with two common models of cosmological structure formation and find that our 2-point correlation function has power significantly in excess of the standard cold dark matter model in the 10-30h^-1 Mpc region , supporting the observational results of the APM galaxy survey .
+0	We investigate the motion of suspended particles past a single line of equally spaced cylindrical posts that is slanted with respect to the driving force .	We show that such a one-dimensional array of posts can fractionate particles according to their size , with small particles permeating through the line of posts but larger particles being deflected by the steric barrier created by the posts , even though the gaps between posts are larger than the particles .	We perform characterization experiments driving monodisperse suspensions of particles of different size past the line of posts over the entire range of forcing orientations and present both the permeation probability through the individual gaps between the posts as well as the fraction of permeating particles through the one-dimensional array .	In both cases , we observe a sharp transition from deflection to permeation mode that is a function of particle size , thus enabling separation .	We then drive binary mixtures at selected orientations of the line of posts and demonstrate high purity and efficiency of separation .
+3	Classically , the regular representation of a group contains the complete information about the structure of this group and its dual .	The classical duality theory associates to an abelian group a dual companion .	Passing to a non-abelian group , a dual object can still be defined , but it is no longer a group .	The search for a broader category which should include both the groups and their duals , points towards the concept of quantization .	In this article , we follow Baaj and Skandalis and study duality starting from an abstract version of such a representation : the multiplicative unitary .
+0	In a multi-base representation of an integer ( in contrast to , for example , the binary or decimal representation ) the base ( or radix ) is replaced by products of powers of single bases .	The resulting numeral system has desirable properties for fast arithmetic .	It is usually redundant , which means that each integer can have multiple different digit expansions , so the natural question for the number of representations arises .	In this paper , we provide a general asymptotic formula for the number of such multi-base representations of a positive integer $ n $ .	Moreover , we prove central limit theorems for the sum of digits , the Hamming weight ( number of non-zero digits , which is a measure of efficiency ) and the occurrences of a fixed digits in a random representation .
+3	Our main ideas are inspired by the proof of a quenched central limit theorem in stationary ergodic environment on $ \mathbb { Z } ^2 $ [ Lawler82 , Sznitman02 ] .	In this paper , we establish a quenched invariance principle for the random walk on a certain class of infinite , aperiodic , oriented random planar graphs called `` T-graphs '' [ Kenyon-Sheffield04 ] .	These graphs appear , together with the corresponding random walk , in a work [ Kenyon07 ] about the lozenge tiling model , where they are used to compute correlations between lozenges inside large finite domains .	The random walk in question is balanced , i.e.it is automatically a martingale .	This is somewhat surprising , since the environment is neither defined on $ \mathbb { Z } ^2 $ nor really random : the graph is instead quasi-periodic and all the randomness is encoded in a single random variable { \lambda } that is uniform in the unit circle .
+0	We outline the case for a comprehensive wide and deep survey ultimately targeted at obtaining 21-cm HI line emission spectroscopic observations of more than a billion galaxies to redshift z=1.5 and greater over half the sky .	This survey provides a database of galaxy redshifts , HI gas masses , and galaxy rotation curves that would enable a wide range of science , including fundamental cosmology and studies of Dark Energy .	This science requires the next generation of radio arrays , which are being designed under the umbrella of the Square Kilometer Array ( SKA ) project .	We present a science roadmap , extending to 2020 and beyond , that would enable this ambitious survey .	We also place this survey in the context of other multi-wavelength surveys .
+1	Namely , the $ \rho , \rho ' , \omega , \omega ' , a_1 , b_1 , h_1 $ and possibly $ f_1 $ $ J=1 $ mesons get degenerate after removal of the quasi-zero modes .	Recently , a new symmetry of mesons has been found upon truncation of the quasi-zero modes of the Overlap Dirac operator in lattice simulations .	This emergent symmetry has been established to be $ SU ( 4 ) \supset SU ( 2 ) _L \times SU ( 2 ) _R \times U ( 1 ) _A $ .	It is higher than the symmetry of the QCD Lagrangian and provides not only a mixing of quarks of given chirality in the isospin space , but also the mixing of left-handed and right-handed components .	Here we study , with the Overlap Dirac operator , the isovector $ J=2 $ mesons upon the quasi-zero mode reduction and observe a similar degeneracy .
+4	The Gamow peak has been covered by experimental data for several scenarios of stable and explosive hydrogen burning .	In stars with temperatures above 20*10^6 K , hydrogen burning is dominated by the CNO cycle .	Its rate is determined by the slowest process , the 14N ( p , gamma ) 15O reaction .	Deep underground in Italy 's Gran Sasso laboratory , at the LUNA 400 kV accelerator , the cross section of this reaction has been measured at energies much lower than ever achieved before .	Using a windowless gas target and a 4pi BGO summing detector , direct cross section data has been obtained down to 70 keV , reaching a value of 0.24 picobarn .
+1	We use a self-consistent scheme which describes mesoscopic devices in terms of a collective phase variable ( slave rotor ) and quasiparticle degrees of freedom .	We study the interplay between Coulomb blockade and the Kondo effect in quantum dots .	In the strong Coulomb blockade regime , we recover the description of metallic islands in terms of a phase only action .	For a dot with well-separated levels , our method leads to the Kondo effect .	We identify the regime where a crossover between the Coulomb blockade regime at high temperatures and the formation of a Kondo resonance at lower temperature takes place .
+1	We present a model of workers supplying labor to paid crowdsourcing projects .	Crowdsourcing is a form of `` peer production '' in which work traditionally performed by an employee is outsourced to an `` undefined , generally large group of people in the form of an open call . ''	We also introduce a novel method for estimating a worker 's reservation wage -- the smallest wage a worker is willing to accept for a task and the key parameter in our labor supply model .	It shows that the reservation wages of a sample of workers from Amazon 's Mechanical Turk ( AMT ) are approximately log normally distributed , with a median wage of $ 1.38/hour .	At the median wage , the point elasticity of extensive labor supply is 0.43 .
+2	The fiber is fabricated using fiber drawing method , where a multi-material macroscopic preform is drawn into a sub-millimeter capacitor fiber in a single fabrication step .	A novel , highly flexible , conductive polymer-based fiber with high electric capacitance is reported .	In its crossection the fiber features a periodic sequence of hundreds of conductive and isolating plastic layers positioned around metallic electrodes .	Several kilometres of fibers can be obtained from a single preform with fiber diameters ranging between 500um -1000um .	A typical measured capacitance of our fibers is 60-100 nF/m and it is independent of the fiber diameter .
+3	The power of the code is demonstrated by identifying 16 and 178 previously uncatalogued EBs in the SMC and LMC , respectively .	The 222~000 I-band light curves of variable stars detected by the OGLE-II survey in the direction of the Galactic Bulge have been searched for eclipsing binaries ( EBs ) .	A previously developed code to analyze lightcurve shapes and identify long period variables ( LPVs ) has been adapted to identify EBs .	The parameters in the modified code have been optimised to recover a list of about 140 detached EBs in the Small Magellanic Cloud previously identified in the literature as particularly well suited for distance estimates ( and wich have periods \more 0.85 days ) .	Among the 222~000 variable stars in the direction of the Galactic Bulge 3053 EBs have been identified .
+2	$ { ^7 } Li $ is slightly depressed at high baryon to photon ratio $ \eta $ .	We update the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis calculations on the basis of the recent NACRE compilation .	The average values of the calculated abundances of light nuclei do not differ significantly from that obtained using the previous Fowler 's compilation .	The main uncertainty concerns the $ D ( p , \gamma ) { ^3 } He $ reaction rate affecting the synthesis of $ { ^7 } Li $ ( via the $ { ^3 } He ( \alpha , \gamma ) { ^7 } Be ( e\nu ) { ^7 } Li $ ) at rather high baryonic density .	On the left part of the lithium valley the uncertainty is strongly reduced due to the improvement of the measurement of the $ T ( \alpha , \gamma ) ^ { 7 } Li $ reaction rate .
+2	It is observed that in contrast to the claim made by Kolb et al the presence of inhomogeneities as well as extra dimensions can not reverse the signature of the deceleration parameter if the matter field obeys the energy conditions .	There have been of late renewed debates on the role of inhomogeneities to explain the observed late acceleration of the universe .	We have looked into the problem analytically with the help of the well known spherically symmetric but inhomogeneous Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi ( LTB ) model generalised to higher dimensions .	The well known Raychaudhuri equation also points to the same result .	Without solving the field equations explicitly it can , however , be shown that although the total deceleration is positive everywhere nevertheless it does not exclude the possibility of having radial acceleration , even in the pure dust universe , if the angular scale factor is decelerating fast enough and vice versa .
+4	We compute the fidelity of teleportation and find that it exhibits a trade-off with the magnitude of entanglement of the resultant teleported state .	We consider two-mode squeezed states which are parametrized by the squeezing parameter and the phase .	We present a scheme for teleporting such entangled states of continuous variables from Alice to Bob .	Our protocol is operationalized through the creation of a four-mode entangled state shared by Alice and Bob using linear amplifiers and beam splitters .	Teleportation of the entangled state proceeds with local operations and the classical communication of four bits .
+3	We demonstrate first by a general argument and secondly by explicit calculations that , even though the quantum correction to the quartic self-coupling of the Higgs field is UV-divergent , its deviation from that of $ g^ { 2 } $ is calculable , and therefore two observables , $ M_ { H } ^ { 2 } $ and Delta equiv $ ( M_ { H } /2M_ { W } ) ^ { 2 } -1 $ , are both calculable in the gauge-Higgs unification scenario .	We address a question whether the recently observed Higgs mass $ M_ { H } = 126 $ GeV , of the order of the weak scale $ M_ { W } $ , is calculable as a finite value in the scnenario of gauge-Higgs unification .	In the scenario formulated on a flat 5-dimensional space-time , the Higgs mass is calculable , being protected under the quantum correction by gauge invariance , though the predicted Higgs mass is generally too small compared with $ M_ { W } $ .	In the 6-dimensional SU ( 3 ) model , however , a suitable orbifolding is known to lead to a mass of the order of $ M_ { W } $ : $ M_ { H } = 2M_ { W } $ at the tree level , which has some similarity to the corresponding prediction by the MSSM , $ M_ { H } $ leq ( cos beta ) $ M_ { Z } $ .	The implication of the precise value 126 GeV to the compactification scale and the bulk mass of the matter field in our model is also discussed .
+4	Although our work is partly motivated by recent developments in homotopy type theory , this paper is written purely in the language of homotopy theory and category theory , and we do not presuppose any familiarity with type theory on the side of the reader .	In this paper , we introduce the notion of a `` category with path objects '' , as a slight strengthening of Ken Brown 's classical notion of a `` category of fibrant objects '' .	We develop the basic properties of such a category and its associated homotopy category .	Subsequently , we show how the exact completion of this homotopy category can be obtained as the homotopy category associated to a larger category with path objects , obtained by freely adjoining certain homotopy quotients .	Next , we prove that if the original category with path objects is equipped with a representable class of fibrations having some basic closure properties , the methods of algebraic set theory imply that the latter homotopy category contains a model of a constructive version of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory .
+0	In the wake of the on-going digital revolution , we will see a dramatic transformation of our economy and most of our societal institutions .	While the benefits of this transformation can be massive , there are also tremendous risks to our society .	After the automation of many production processes and the creation of self-driving vehicles , the automation of society is next .	This is moving us to a tipping point and to a crossroads : we must decide between a society in which the actions are determined in a top-down way and then implemented by coercion or manipulative technologies ( such as personalized ads and nudging ) or a society , in which decisions are taken in a free and participatory way and mutually coordinated .	Modern information and communication systems ( ICT ) enable both , but the latter has economic and strategic benefits .
+0	In this paper we derive the galaxy luminosity function from the Nearby Optical Galaxy ( NOG ) sample , which is a nearly complete , magnitude-limited ( B & lt ; 14 mag ) , all-sky sample of nearby optical galaxies ( ~6400 galaxies with cz & lt ; 5500 km/s ) .	For this local sample , we use galaxy distance estimates based on different peculiar velocity models .	Therefore , the derivation of the luminosity function is carried out using the locations of field and grouped galaxies in real distance space .	The local field galaxy luminosity function in the B system is well described by a Schechter function .	The exact values of the Schechter parameters slightly depend on the adopted peculiar velocity field models .
+4	The order \mu^2 corrections involve integrals that are finite but potentially sensitive to contact term singularities .	We study the free fermion theory in 1+1 dimensions deformed by chemical potentials for holomorphic , conserved currents at finite temperature and on a spatial circle .	For a spin-three chemical potential \mu , the deformation is related at high temperatures to a higher spin black hole in hs [ 0 ] theory on AdS_3 spacetime .	We calculate the order \mu^2 corrections to the single interval Renyi and entanglement entropies on the torus using the bosonized formulation .	A consistent result , satisfying all checks , emerges upon carefully accounting for both perturbative and winding mode contributions in the bosonized language .
+1	The key result is the existence of different kinds of punctures in W-strings .	Using the differential equation approach to W-algebras , we discuss the inclusion of punctures in W-string theory .	This is similar to the NS and R punctures occuring in superstring theories .	We obtain the moduli associated with these punctures and present evidence in existing W-string theories for these punctures .	The $ W_3 $ case is worked out in detail .
+2	Many interesting features appear in the system .	The exact solutions of a one-dimensional mixture of spinor bosons and spinor fermions with $ \delta $ -function interactions are studied .	Some new sets of Bethe ansatz equations are obtained by using the graded nest quantum inverse scattering method .	For example , the wave function has the $ SU ( 2|2 ) $ supersymmetry .	It is also found that the ground state of the system is partial polarized , where the fermions form a spin singlet state and the bosons are totally polarized .
+0	We present a complete analysis of threshold resummation effects on direct light and heavy gaugino pair production at the Tevatron and the LHC .	Based on a new perturbative calculation at next-to-leading order of SUSY-QCD , which includes also squark mixing effects , we resum soft gluon radiation in the threshold region at leading and next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy , retaining at the same time the full SUSY-QCD corrections in the finite coefficient function .	This allows us to correctly match the resummed to the perturbative cross section .	Universal subleading logarithms are resummed in full matrix form .	We find that threshold resummation slightly increases and considerably stabilizes the invariant mass spectra and total cross sections with respect to the next-to-leading order calculation .
+2	We review the fundamental properties of metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion and present the various applications where such media offer potential for transformative impact .	Metamaterials are nano-engineered media with designed properties beyond those available in nature with applications in all aspects of materials science .	In particular , metamaterials have shown promise for next generation of optical materials with electromagnetic responses that can not be obtained from conventional media .	These artificial materials support unique bulk electromagnetic states which can tailor light-matter interaction at the nanoscale .	We present a unified view of current research in the field of hyperbolic metamaterials such as sub-wavelength imaging and broadband photonic density of states engineering .
+1	Apart from describing much of the physical world as we now know it , these dreams also lead to some highly non-trivial mathematical theorems and theories .	Path integrals do n't really exist , but it is very useful to dream that they do exist , and figure out the consequences .	We argue that even though non-trivial flat connections on S^3 do n't really exist , it is beneficial to dream that one exists ( and , in fact , that it comes from the non-existent Chern-Simons path integral ) .	Dreaming the right way , we are led to a rigorous construction of a universal finite-type invariant of rational homology spheres .	We show that this invariant is equal to the LMO ( Le-Murakami-Ohtsuki ) invariant and that it recovers the Rozansky and Ohtsuki invariants .
+0	Intermittency in fluid turbulence can be evidentiated through the analysis of Probability Distribution Functions ( PDF ) of velocity fluctuations , which display a strong non-gaussian behavior at small scales .	In this paper we investigate the occurrence of intermittency in plasma turbulence by studying the departure from the gaussian distribution of PDF for both velocity and magnetic fluctuations .	We use data coming from two different experiments , namely in situ satellite observations of the inner solar wind and turbulent fluctuations in a magnetically confined fusion plasma .	Moreover we investigate also time intermittency observed in a simplified shell model which mimics 3D MHD equations .	We found that the departure from a gaussian distribution is the main characteristic of all cases .
+0	Quantum discord witnesses the nonclassicality of quantum states even when there is no entanglement in these quantum states .	This type of quantum correlation also has some interesting and significant applications in quantum information processing .	Quantum discord has been evaluated explicitly only for certain class of two-qubit states .	We extend the previous studies to $ 2 \otimes d $ quantum systems and derive an analytical expression for quantum discord for a two-parameter class of states for $ d \geq 3 $ .	We compare quantum discord , classical correlation , and entanglement for qubit-qutrit systems to demonstrate that different measures of quantum correlation are not identical and conceptually different .
+1	Due to an interaction with the thermal bath , the particle moves stochastically like the Brownian motion in a heat bath .	An accelerated particle sees the Minkowski vacuum as thermally excited , which is called the Unruh effect .	It has been discussed that the accelerated charged particle may emit extra radiation ( the Unruh radiation ) besides the Larmor radiation , and experiments are under planning to detect such radiation by using ultrahigh intensity lasers .	There are , however , counterarguments that the radiation is canceled by an interference effect between the vacuum fluctuation and the radiation from the fluctuating motion .	In this reports , we review our recent analysis on the issue of the Unruh radiation .
+0	Supernovae observations strongly support the presence of a cosmological constant , but its value , which we will call apparent , is normally determined assuming that the Universe can be accurately described by a homogeneous model .	Even in the presence of a cosmological constant we can not exclude nevertheless the presence of a small local inhomogeneity which could affect the apparent value of the cosmological constant .	Neglecting the presence of the inhomogeneity can in fact introduce a systematic misinterpretation of cosmological data , leading to the distinction between an apparent and true value of the cosmological constant .	We establish the theoretical framework to calculate the corrections to the apparent value of the cosmological constant by modeling the local inhomogeneity with a $ \Lambda LTB $ solution .	Our assumption to be at the center of a spherically symmetric inhomogeneous matter distribution correspond to effectively calculate the monopole contribution of the large scale inhomogeneities surrounding us , which we expect to be the dominant one , because of other observations supporting a high level of isotropy of the Universe around us .
+4	The indispensable roles of the broken structure inversion and particle-hole symmetries are also revealed .	The experimental observation of the long-sought quantum anomalous Hall effect was recently reported in magnetically doped topological insulator thin films [ Chang et al. , Science 340 , 167 ( 2013 ) ] .	An intriguing observation is a rapid decrease from the quantized plateau in the Hall conductance , accompanied by a peak in the longitudinal conductance as a function of the gate voltage .	Here , we present a quantum transport theory with an effective model for magnetic topological insulator thin films .	The good agreement between theory and experiment reveals that the measured transport originates from a topologically nontrivial conduction band which , near its band edge , has concentrated Berry curvature and a local maximum in group velocity .
+3	Using an automated maximum likelihood routine , we derive a coarse star formation history of the GC .	We present R=550 to 1200 near infrared H and K spectra for a magnitude limited sample of 79 asymptotic giant branch and cool supergiant stars in the central ~ 5 pc ( diameter ) of the Galaxy .	We use a set of similar spectra obtained for solar neighborhood stars with known Teff and Mbol that is in the same range as the Galactic center ( GC ) sample to derive Teff and Mbol for the GC sample .	We then construct the Hertzsprung -- Russell ( HRD ) diagram for the GC sample .	We find ( 1 ) roughly 75 % of the stars formed in the central few pc are older than 5 Gyr ; ( 2 ) the star formation rate ( SFR ) is variable over time , with a roughly 4 times higher star formation rate in the last 100 Myr compared to the average SFR ; ( 3 ) our model can only match dynamical limits on the total mass of stars formed by limiting the IMF to masses above 0.7 M $ _\odot $ .
+4	Applying the new model to SN1988Z , another intrinsically bright RSN , also yields a good fit ( \chi^2_ { \rm red } \approx 2 ) but this is less significant , because of the limited data on this distant ( z=0.02 ) source .	We propose a model for radio supernovae ( RSN ) based on the synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons which are diffusively accelerated at the expanding supernova shock .	This model was originally developed for application to the optically thin emission observed from SN1987A .	Here we generalise it by including the effects of free-free absorption from both an external screen and from material internal to the source , and by relaxing the restriction to an azimuthal B-field .	We find a good fit to the entire set of radio data for the best observed highly-luminous RSN -- SN1986J -- with a reduced \chi^2 of 3.85 .
+2	The strength of this correlation increases with increasing X-ray luminosity and with increasing values of alpha .	( Shortened ) We construct a subsample of the Lauer & amp ; Postman ( LP ) brightest cluster galaxy ( BCG ) sample which comprises 64 Abell/ACO clusters with X-ray luminosities from ROSAT .	We find that both BCG metric luminosities and residuals from the L-alpha relation of LP are significantly correlated with the X-ray luminosity of the cluster at the 99.6 % confidence level , in the sense that more X-ray luminous clusters have brighter BCGs .	We obtain a new distance indicator for BCGs , the L-alpha-L_X relation .	Applying this new relation to our sample , we find that the frame defined by these clusters has a bulk motion of 494 km/s in the CMB frame but the 95 % confidence range on the amplitude is 306 to 1419 km/s .
+4	We show that at least one massless state exists if the Chern-Simons coupling vanishes .	We show that adding a vacuum expectation value to a gauge field left over from a dimensional reduction of three-dimensional pure supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory generates mass terms for the fundamental fields in the two-dimensional theory while supersymmetry stays intact .	This is similar to the adjoint mass term that is generated by a Chern-Simons term in this theory .	We study the spectrum of the two-dimensional theory as a function of the vacuum expectation value and of the Chern-Simons coupling .	Apart from some symmetry issues a straightforward picture arises .
+1	The rule is based on the continuous-slowing-down-approximation ( CSDA ) .	The well-known Bragg-Kleeman rule RCSDA = A dot E0p has become a pioneer work in radiation physics of charged particles and is still a useful tool to estimate the range RCSDA of approximately monoenergetic protons with initial energy E0 in a homogeneous medium .	It results from a generalized ( nonrelativistic ) Langevin equation and a modification of the phenomenological friction term .	The complete integration of this equation provides information about the residual energy E ( z ) and dE ( z ) /dz at each position z ( 0 & lt ; = z & lt ; = RCSDA ) .	A relativistic extension of the generalized Langevin equation yields the formula RCSDA = A dot ( E0 +E02/2M dot c2 ) p. The initial energy of therapeutic protons satisfies E0 & lt ; & lt ; 2M dot c2 ( M dot c2 = 938.276 MeV ) , which enables us to consider the relativistic contributions as correction terms .
+3	Resolution B2 defines the zero point of the absolute bolometric magnitude scale such that a radiation source with $ M_ { \rm Bol } $ = 0 has luminosity L $ _ { \circ } $ = 3.0128e28 W. The zero point of the apparent bolometric magnitude scale ( $ m_ { \rm Bol } $ = 0 ) corresponds to irradiance $ f_ { \circ } $ = 2.518021002e-8 W/m $ ^2 $ .	The XXIXth IAU General Assembly in Honolulu adopted IAU 2015 Resolution B2 on recommended zero points for the absolute and apparent bolometric magnitude scales .	The resolution was proposed by the IAU Inter-Division A-G Working Group on Nominal Units for Stellar and Planetary Astronomy after consulting with a broad spectrum of researchers from the astronomical community .	Resolution B2 resolves the long-standing absence of an internationally-adopted zero point for the absolute and apparent bolometric magnitude scales .	The zero points were chosen so that the nominal solar luminosity ( 3.828e26 W ) adopted by IAU 2015 Resolution B3 corresponds approximately to $ M_ { \rm Bol } $ ( Sun ) = 4.74 , the value most commonly adopted in recent literature .
+3	During the interactive configuration process the user generates new constraints as a result of his configuration decisions and even may retract constraints posted earlier .	We present a constraint-based approach to interactive product configuration .	Our configurator tool FdConfig is based on feature models for the representation of the product domain .	Such models can be directly mapped into constraint satisfaction problems and dealt with by appropriate constraint solvers .	We discuss the configuration process , explain the underlying techniques and show optimizations .
+0	The connection between fundamental interactions acting in molecules in a fluid and macroscopically measured properties , such as the viscosity between colloidal particles coated with polymers , is studied here .	The role that hydrodynamic and Brownian forces play in colloidal dispersions is also discussed .	It is argued that many body systems in which all these interactions take place can be accurately solved using computational simulation tools .	One of those modern tools is the technique known as dissipative particle dynamics , which incorporates Brownian and hydrodynamic forces , as well as basic conservative interactions .	A case study is reported , as an example of the applications of this technique , which consists of the prediction of the viscosity and friction between two opposing parallel surfaces covered with polymer chains , under the influence of a steady flow .
+4	We further extend the basic problem with support for library components , specification patterns , and architectural styles .	We present component and connector ( C & amp ; C ) views , which specify structural properties of component and connector models in an expressive and intuitive way .	C & amp ; C views provide means to abstract away direct hierarchy , direct connectivity , port names and types , and thus can crosscut the traditional boundaries of the implementation-oriented hierarchical decomposition of systems and sub-systems , and reflect the partial knowledge available to different stakeholders involved in a system 's design .	As a primary application for C & amp ; C views we investigate the synthesis problem : given a C & amp ; C views specification , consisting of mandatory , alternative , and negative views , construct a concrete satisfying C & amp ; C model , if one exists .	We show that the problem is NP-hard and solve it , in a bounded scope , using a reduction to SAT , via Alloy .
+4	Some results of a numerical solution of the plasma PDAE are given .	For a class of partial differential algebraic equations ( PDAEs ) of quasi-linear type which include nonlinear terms of convection type a possibility to determine a time and spatial index is considered .	As a typical example we investigate an application from plasma physics .	Especially we discuss the numerical solution of initial boundary value problems by means of a corresponding finite difference splitting procedure which is a modification of a well known fractional step method coupled with a matrix factorization .	The convergence of the numerical solution towards the exact solution of the corresponding initial boundary value problem is investigated .
+4	Four types of coupling form are examined and we find that the coupling of the form $ Q = \sqrt { 6 } \Gamma ( \dot { X } + 3HX ) /\kappa $ provides the possibility to solve the coincidence problem .	Three-form field can give rise to viable cosmological scenarios of dark energy with potentially observable signatures distinct from standard single scalar field models .	In this study , the background dynamics of three-form cosmology are investigated .	Our analysis suggests that the potential of three-form field should be runaway .	We also investigate the possibility to solve the coincidence problem by using the coupling of three-form field to dark matter .
+2	In particular , we prove that any irreducible K\ '' ahler manifold with such property must be biholomorphic to $ \mathbb { C } \mathbb { P } ^n .	In this paper , we study any K\ '' ahler manifold where the positive orthogonal bisectional curvature is preserved on the K\ '' ahler Ricci flow .	Naturally , we always assume that the first Chern class $ C_1 $ is positive .	$ This can be viewed as a generalization of Siu-Yau\cite { Siuy80 } , Morri 's solution \cite { Mori79 } of the Frankel conjecture .	According to [ 8 ] , note that any K\ '' ahler manifold with 2-positive traceless bisectional curvature operator is preserved under Kahler Ricci flow ; which in turns implies the positivity of orthogonal bisectional curvature under the flow .
+1	There is increasing evidence that cell signaling pathways encode temporal information , and thus cell fate may be determined by the dynamics of protein levels .	HIF ( Hypoxia Inducible Factor ) is an oxygen-regulated transcription factor that mediates the intracellular response to hypoxia in human cells .	We have developed a mathematical model to describe the transient dynamics of the HIF-1 { \alpha } protein measured in single cells subjected to hypoxic shock .	The essential characteristics of these data are modeled with a system of differential equations describing the feedback inhibition between HIF-1 { \alpha } and Prolyl Hydroxylases ( PHD ) oxygen sensors .	Heterogeneity in the single-cell data is accounted for through parameter variation in the model .
+4	We analyze the mass spectrum of fragments that result from the continuous fragmentation of the standing shell and show that its shape is well approximated at the high mass end by a power law with slope -2.25 , very close to the value that fits the universal IMF .	Here we model a star forming factory in which the continuous creation of stars results in a highly concentrated , massive ( globular cluster-like ) stellar system .	We show that under very general conditions a large-scale gravitational instability in the ISM , which triggers the collapse of a massive cloud , leads with the aid of a spontaneous first generation of massive stars , to a standing , small-radius , cold and dense shell .	Eventually , as more of the collapsing matter is processed and incorporated , the shell becomes gravitationally unstable and begins to fragment , allowing the formation of new stars , while keeping its location .	This is due to a detailed balance established between the ram pressure from the collapsing cloud which , together with the gravitational force exerted on the shell by the forming cluster , acts against the mechanical energy deposited by the collection of new stars .
+2	The X-ray emission from G355.6-0.0 exhibits a center-filled morphology within the radio shell .	We present results of the Galactic supernova remnant ( SNR ) G355.6-0.0 observed with Suzaku .	We resolved the diffuse emission detected with ASCA into two objects , G355.6-0.0 and a point-like source , Suzaku J173530-3236 .	The X-ray spectrum is well represented by a thin thermal plasma model with enhanced metal abundances .	The spatial and spectral properties imply that G355.6-0.0 is a member of the mixed-morphology SNRs .
+2	First , quandle modules are used to generalize Burau representations and Alexander modules for classical knots .	Three new knot invariants are defined using cocycles of the generalized quandle homology theory that was proposed by Andruskiewitsch and Gra\~na .	We specialize that theory to the case when there is a group action on the coefficients .	Second , 2-cocycles valued in non-abelian groups are used in a way similar to Hopf algebra invariants of classical knots .	These invariants are shown to be of quantum type .
+2	Examples of such domains are given , for instance , by locally lineally convex domains , domains with locally diagonalizable Levi form , and domains for which the Levi form have comparable eigenvalues at a point .	We introduce the notion of extremal basis of tangent vector fields at a boundary point of finite type of a pseudo-convex domain in $ \mathbb { C } ^n $ .	Then we define the class of geometrically separated domains at a boundary point , and give a description of their complex geometry .	Moreover we show that these domains are localizable .	Then we define the notion of `` adapted pluri-subharmonic function '' to these domains , and we give sufficient conditions for his existence .
+0	The Hubble tuning fork diagram , based on morphology and established in the 1930s , has always been the preferred scheme for classification of galaxies .	However , the current large amount of multiwavelength data , most often spectra , for objects up to very high distances , asks for more sophisticated statistical approaches .	Interpreting formation and evolution of galaxies as a ? transmission with modification ' process , we have shown that the concepts and tools of phylogenetic systematics can be heuristically transposed to the case of galaxies .	This approach , which we call ? astrocladistics ' , has successfully been applied on several samples .	Many difficulties still remain , some of them being specific to the nature of both galaxies and their diversification processes , some others being classical in cladistics , like the pertinence of the descriptors in conveying any useful evolutionary information .
+2	The new algebraic structure shows strong connections among algebraic relationships , codon assignment and physicochemical properties of amino acids .	By starting from the four DNA bases order in the Boolean lattice , a novel Lie Algebra of the genetic code is proposed .	Here , the principal partitions of the genetic code table were obtained as equivalent classes of quotient subspaces of the genetic code vector space over the Galois field of the four DNA bases .	Moreover , a distance function defined between codons in the Lie algebra was demonstrated to have a linear behavior respect to physical variables such as the mean of amino acids energy in proteins .	It was also noticed that the distance between wild type and mutant codons approach smaller values in mutational variants of four genes , i.e , human phenylalanine hydroxylase , human beta-globin , HIV-1 protease and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase .
+3	The proposed controller is called the support vector based AQM ( SAM ) controller .	Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the design of AQM ( Active Queue Management ) controllers .	The purpose of these controllers is to manage the network congestion under varying loads , link delays and bandwidth .	In this paper , a new AQM controller is proposed which is trained by using the SVM ( Support Vector Machine ) with the RBF ( Radial Basis Function ) kernal .	The performance of the proposed controller has been compared with three conventional AQM controllers , namely the Random Early Detection , Blue and Proportional Plus Integral Controller .
+3	Our approach is based on structural operational semantics , which can be extended according to domain-specific needs .	This paper presents an operational semantics for UML activity diagrams .	The purpose of this semantics is three-fold : to give a robust basis for verifying model correctness ; to help validate model transformations ; and to provide a well-formed basis for assessing whether a proposed extension/interpretation of the modeling language is consistent with the standard .	The challenges of a general formal framework for UML models include the semi-formality of the semantics specification , the extensibility of the language , and ( sometimes deliberate , sometimes accidental ) under-specification of model behavior in the standard .	The presented semantics has been implemented and tested .
+3	Contrarily , for pure 3He clusters Mg resides in the bulk of the droplet due to the smaller surface tension of this isotope .	Within the diffusion Monte Carlo approach , we have determined the structure of isotopically pure and mixed helium droplets doped with one magnesium atom .	For pure 4He clusters , our results confirm those of M. Mella et al. [ J . Chem.Phys .	123 , 054328 ( 2005 ) ] that the impurity experiences a transition from a surface to a bulk location as the number of helium atoms in the droplet increases .	Results for mixed droplets are presented .
+4	Our GPU-based implementation exploits the parallelism of SIMD architectures to allow for maximum speed-up by a careful optimization of storage and data transfer , whereas our CPU-based implementation uses efficient sparse matrix computations and is suitable for large sparse datasets .	We introduce an online tensor decomposition based approach for two latent variable modeling problems namely , ( 1 ) community detection , in which we learn the latent communities that the social actors in social networks belong to , and ( 2 ) topic modeling , in which we infer hidden topics of text articles .	We consider decomposition of moment tensors using stochastic gradient descent .	We conduct optimization of multilinear operations in SGD and avoid directly forming the tensors , to save computational and storage costs .	We present optimized algorithm in two platforms .
+1	The functionality of networks with regard to performance , throughput , reliability and robustness is strongly linked to the underlying geometric and topological properties of the network and this is the focus of this paper , especially as applied to certain biological networks .	The importance of studying properties of networks is manifest in diverse fields ranging from biology , engineering , physics , chemistry , neuroscience , and medicine .	The fundamental mathematical abstraction of a network as a weighted graph brings to bear the tools of graph theory -- a highly developed subject of mathematical research .	But more importantly , recently proposed geometric notions of curvature on very general metric measure spaces allow us to utilize a whole new set of tools and ideas that help quantify functionality and robustness of graphs .	In particular , robustness is closely connected to network entropy which , in turn , is very closely related to curvature .
+4	Finally , we study the number of primes P for which a given quadratic f defined over a global field has f^n irreducible modulo P for all n .	We give a method of constructing polynomials of arbitrarily large degree irreducible over a global field F but reducible modulo every prime of F. The method consists of finding quadratic f in F [ x ] whose iterates have the desired property , and it depends on new criteria ensuring all iterates of f are irreducible .	In particular when F is a number field in which the ideal ( 2 ) is not a square , we construct infinitely many families of quadratic f such that every iterate f^n is irreducible over F , but f^n is reducible modulo all primes of F for n at least 2 .	We also give an example for each n of a quadratic f with integer coefficients whose iterates are all irreducible over the rationals , whose ( n-1 ) st iterate is irreducible modulo some primes , and whose nth iterate is reducible modulo all primes .	From the perspective of Galois theory , this suggests that a well-known rigidity phenomenon for linear Galois representations does not exist for Galois representations obtained by polynomial iteration .
+3	The resulting algorithm permits the high-order accurate , linear-time evaluation of the requisite layer potentials in both the on-boundary and nearly-singular regimes .	The use of integral equation methods for the efficient numerical solution of PDE boundary value problems requires two main tools : quadrature rules for the evaluation of layer potential integral operators with singular kernels , and fast algorithms for solving the resulting dense linear systems .	Classically , these tools were developed separately .	In this work , we present a unified numerical scheme based on coupling Quadrature by Expansion , a recent quadrature method , to a customized Fast Multipole Method for the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions .	In both cases , the accuracy achieved is identical .
+0	In this paper we introduce and study the correlation functions of a chiral one-dimensional electron model intended to qualitatively represent narrow Hall bars separated into left and right sections by a penetrable barrier .	The model has two parameters representing respectively interactions between top and bottom edges of the Hall bar and interactions between the edges on opposite sides of the barrier .	We show that the scaling dimensions of tunneling processes depend on the relative strengths of the interactions , with repulsive interactions across the Hall bar tending to make breaks in the barrier irrelevant .	The model can be solved analytically and is characterized by a difference between the dynamics of even and odd Fourier components .	We address its experimental relevance by comparing its predictions with those of a more geometrically realistic model that must be solved numerically .
+1	The resonance is due to the resonant interaction of 2D conduction electrons with the longitudinal optic phonons .	A theory of magnetophonon resonance in quantum wells in a magnetic field tilted to the perpendicular to 2DEG is developed .	The electrons are assumed to be nondegenerate .	The angular dependence of the resonant maxima is investigated .	The sharpness of the angular dependence , as well as the existence of double resonances , i.e.two resonant peaks for each resonance number is explained .
+1	We obtain signatures of unconventional pair-symmetry states , $ d_ { x^2-y^2 } $ and extended-s ( $ s^* $ ) , in the BCS-BEC crossover region .	We study superfluid properties of fermions on a 2D lattice using a finite-range pairing interaction derivable from an extended Hubbard model .	The fermion momentum distribution function , $ v_k^2 $ , the ratio of the Bogoliubov coefficients , $ v_k/u_k $ , and the Fourier transform of $ v_k^2 $ are among the properties that are strikingly different for d- and $ s^* $ symmetries in the crossover region .	Fermionic atoms in 2D optical lattices may provide a way to observe these signatures .	We discuss possible experimental ramifications of our results .
+2	Such behaviour can be found in many practical systems , including collaborative workflow in healthcare systems for clinical practice guidelines ( CPGs ) .	This paper introduces a new theory of multiparty session types based on symmetric sum types , by which we can type non-deterministic orchestration choice behaviours .	While the original branching type in session types can represent a choice made by a single participant and accepted by others determining how the session proceeds , the symmetric sum type represents a choice made by agreement among all the participants of a session .	Processes using the symmetric sums can be embedded into the original branching types using conductor processes .	We show that this type-driven embedding preserves typability , satisfies semantic soundness and completeness , and meets the encodability criteria adapted to the typed setting .
+4	We define a quantitative semantics for the logic and integrate the model checking algorithm with particle swarm optimization in a computational framework for synthesis of parameters leading to desired patterns in reaction-diffusion systems .	We propose a technique to detect and generate patterns in a network of locally interacting dynamical systems .	Central to our approach is a novel spatial superposition logic , whose semantics is defined over the quad-tree of a partitioned image .	We show that formulas in this logic can be efficiently learned from positive and negative examples of several types of patterns .	We also demonstrate that pattern detection , which is implemented as a model checking algorithm , performs very well for test data sets different from the learning sets .
+4	We use this empirical evidence to argue that a revision of lower Main Sequence stellar models , suggested from nearby stars , could significantly reduce the helium content inferred for the subpopulations of those globular clusters .	For nearby K dwarfs , the broadening of the observed Main Sequence at low metallicities is much narrower than expected from isochrones with the standard helium-to-metal enrichment ratio DY/DZ=2 .	Though the latter value fits well the Main Sequence around solar metallicity , and agrees with independent measurements from HII regions as well as with theoretical stellar yields and chemical evolution models , a much higher DY/DZ~10 is necessary to reproduce the broadening observed for nearby subdwarfs .	This result resembles , on a milder scale , the very high DY/DZ estimated from the multiple Main Sequences in Omega Cen and NGC 2808 .	Although not `` inverted '' as in omega Cen , where the metal-rich Main Sequence is bluer than the metal-poor one , the broadening observed for nearby subdwarfs is much narrower than stellar models predict for a standard helium content .
+2	We give the analytic formulation of the total work .	The quantum Szilard engine ( QSZE ) is a conceptual quantum engine for understanding the fundamental physics of quantum thermodynamics and information physics .	We generalize the QSZE to an arbitrary spin case , i.e. , a spin QSZE ( SQSZE ) , and we systematically study the basic physical properties of both fermion and boson SQSZEs in a low-temperature approximation .	For the fermion SQSZE , the work might be absorbed from the environment , and the change rate of the work with temperature exhibits periodicity and even-odd oscillation , which is a generalization of a spinless QSZE .	It is interesting that the average absorbed work oscillates regularly and periodically in a large-number limit , which implies that the average absorbed work in a fermion SQSZE is neither an intensive quantity nor an extensive quantity .
+0	Universal Extra Dimension ( UED ) models tend to favor a distinctively heavier Higgs mass than in the Standard Model ( SM ) and its supersymmetric extensions when the Kaluza-Klein ( KK ) scale is not much higher than the electroweak one , which we call the weak scale UED , in order to cancel the KK top contributions to the T-parameter .	Such a heavy Higgs , whose production through the gluon fusion process is enhanced by the KK top loops , is fairly model independent prediction of the weak scale UED models regardless of the brane-localized mass structure at the ultraviolet cutoff scale .	We study its cleanest possible signature , the Higgs decay into a Z boson pair and subsequently into four electrons and/or muons , in which all the four-momenta of the final states can be measured and both the Z boson masses can be checked .	We show that the weak scale UED model may account for the 2sigma excess of this event at ATLAS at the ZZ pair invariant mass around 250GeV , at which scale SM background is sufficiently small and the SM Higgs predicts too few events .	We have also studied the Higgs mass 500GeV ( and also 700GeV with \sqrt { s } =14TeV ) and have found that we can observe significant resonance with the integrated luminosity 10fb^ { -1 } for six dimensional UED models .
+2	Entropy of the degree distribution can be an average measure of a network 's heterogeneity .	Many networks are characterized by highly heterogeneous distributions of links , which are called scale-free networks and the degree distributions follow $ p ( k ) \sim ck^ { -\alpha } $ .	We study the robustness of scale-free networks to random failures from the character of their heterogeneity .	Optimization of scale-free network robustness to random failures with average connectivity constant is equivalent to maximize the entropy of the degree distribution .	By examining the relationship of entropy of the degree distribution , scaling exponent and the minimal connectivity , we get the optimal design of scale-free network to random failures .
+1	We exploit the recently proposed tensor- Singular Value Decomposition ( t-SVD ) [ 1 ] , which is a group theoretic framework for tensor decomposition .	In this paper we propose novel methods for compression and recovery of multilinear data under limited sampling .	In contrast to popular existing tensor decomposition techniques such as higher-order SVD ( HOSVD ) , t-SVD has optimality properties similar to the truncated SVD for matrices .	Based on t-SVD , we first construct novel tensor-rank like measures to characterize informational and structural complexity of multilinear data .	Following that we outline a complexity penalized algorithm for tensor completion from missing entries .
+0	Elastic and proton-dissociative rho0 photoproduction ( gamma p -- & gt ; rho0 p , gamma p -- & gt ; rho0 N , with rho0 -- & gt ; pi+pi- ) has been studied in ep interactions at HERA for gamma-p centre-of-mass energies in the range 50 & lt ; W & lt ; 100 GeV and for |t| & lt ; 0.5 GeV2 ; the results on the p-dissociative reaction are presented for masses of the dissociated proton system in the range MN^2 & lt ; 0.1W^2.For the elastic process , the pi+pi- invariant mass spectrum has been investigated as a function of t. As in fixed target experiments , the rho0 resonance shape is asymmetric ; this asymmetry decreases with increasing |t|.The cross section has been studied as a function of W ; a fit to the resonant part with the form W^a gives a=0.16\pm0.06 ( stat . )	+0.11-0.15 ( syst . ) .	The resonant part of the gamma p -- & gt ; pi+pi- p cross section is 11.2\pm 0.1 ( stat .	) +1.1-1.2 ( syst . )	mub at & lt ; W & gt ; =71.7 GeV .
+2	Moreover , we derive conditions for exact support recovery which are especially applicable in the case of ill-posed problems , where other conditions , e.g.based on the so-called coherence or the restricted isometry property are usually not applicable .	The Tikhonov regularization of linear ill-posed problems with an $ \ell^1 $ penalty is considered .	We recall results for linear convergence rates and results on exact recovery of the support .	The obtained results also show that the regularized solutions do not only converge in the $ \ell^1 $ -norm but also in the vector space $ \ell^0 $ ( when considered as the strict inductive limit of the spaces $ \R^n $ as $ n $ tends to infinity ) .	Additionally , the relations between different conditions for exact support recovery and linear convergence rates are investigated .
+3	We mapped that region with the PdBI in the 1.4mm and 3mm continuum and several transitions of H2CO and CH3CN .	The Core Mass Functions ( CMFs ) of low-mass star-forming regions are found to resemble the shape of the Initial Mass Function ( IMF ) .	A similar result is observed for the dust clumps in high-mass star forming regions , although at spatial scales of clusters that do not resolve the substructure found in them .	The region IRAS 19410+2336 is one exception , having been observed at spatial scales on the order of ~2500AU , resolving the clump substructure into individual cores .	The H2CO transitions were also observed with the IRAM 30m Telescope .
+0	We studied the single dimer dynamics in a lattice diffusive model as a function of particle density in the high densification regime .	The mean square displacement is found to be subdiffusive both in one and two dimensions .	The spatial dependence of the self part of the van Hove correlation function displays as function of $ r $ a single peak and signals a dramatic slow down of the system for high density .	The self intermediate scattering function is fitted to the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts law .	The exponent $ \beta $ extracted from the fits is density independent while the relaxation time $ \tau $ follows a scaling law with an exponent 2.5 .
+1	Analysis of Transaction Chain ( ATC ) and Analysis of Bitcoin Protocol and Network ( ABPN ) are two important methods of deanonymizing bitcoin transactions .	The anonymity of the Bitcoin system has some shortcomings .	Nowadays , there are some anonymization methods to combat ATC but there has been little research into ways to counter ABPN .	This paper proposes a new anonymization technology called Transaction Remote Release ( TRR ) .	Inspired by The Onion Router ( TOR ) , TRR is able to render several typical attacking methods of ABPN ineffective .
+0	We study the decay widths of the narrow resonances $ D_ { sj } ^* ( 2317 ) $ and $ D_ { sj } ( 2460 ) $ in the chiral quark model , together with the well-known $ D^\ast $ and $ D_s^* $ mesons .	All the parameters in our calculation are taken from Godfrey and Isgur 's quark model except the $ \pi^0-\eta $ mixing angle which is fixed by the $ D_s^* $ decay widths .	The calculated electromagnetic decay widths agree with those from other groups and the experimental data available quite well .	However , the pionic decay widths of $ D_ { sj } ( 2317 ) $ and $ D_ { sj } ( 2460 ) $ are too small to fit the experimental data .	We suspect that the simple chiral quark pion axial-vector interaction Hamiltonian is not suitable for hadron strong decays of $ D_ { sj } ( 2317 ) $ and $ D_ { sj } ( 2460 ) $ .
+1	In regions of high dark matter density , dark matter clumped in a pulsar can exceed the Schwarzschild limit and collapse into a natal black hole which destroys the pulsar .	The paucity of old millisecond pulsars observed at the galactic center of the Milky Way could be the result of dark matter accumulating in and destroying neutron stars .	We examine what dark matter models are consistent with this hypothesis and find regions of parameter space where dark matter accumulation can significantly degrade the neutron star population within the galactic center while remaining consistent with observations of old millisecond pulsars in globular clusters and near the solar position .	We identify what dark matter couplings and masses might cause a young pulsar at the galactic center to unexpectedly extinguish .	Finally , we find that pulsar collapse age scales inversely with the dark matter density and linearly with the dark matter velocity dispersion .
+4	Our main finding is that the CI properties of the studied high-redshift systems do not differ significantly from what is found in low-redshift systems , including the Milky Way .	We present a survey of atomic carbon ( CI ) emission in high-redshift ( z & gt ; 2 ) submillimeter galaxies ( SMGs ) and quasar host galaxies ( QSOs ) .	Sensitive observations of the CI ( 3P_1- & gt ; 3P_0 ) and CI ( 3P_2- & gt ; 3P_1 ) lines have been obtained at the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer and the IRAM 30m telescope .	A total of 16 CI lines have been targeted in 10 sources , leading to a total of 10 detected lines -- - this doubles the number of CI observations at high redshift to date .	We include previously published CI observations ( an additional 5 detected sources ) in our analysis .
+4	We manage to obtain reasonable approximations to soft masses , even when the hidden sector is strongly coupled .	An often-exploited feature of the operator product expansion ( OPE ) is that it incorporates a splitting of ultraviolet and infrared physics .	In this paper we use this feature of the OPE to perform simple , approximate computations of soft masses in gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking .	The approximation amounts to truncating the OPEs for hidden-sector current-current operator products .	Our method yields visible-sector superpartner spectra in terms of vacuum expectation values of a few hidden-sector IR elementary fields .
+1	We have applied a photometric-redshift technique to objects in the 3C 324 field , and identified 35 objects as plausible cluster members .	We discuss the properties of galaxies around the radio galaxy 3C 324 at z=1.2 based on BVRIK ' multi-band imaging data .	We have found that red and luminous members are concentrated in a small region enclosed by a circle of 40 '' radius ( 0.33 Mpc at z=1.2 for \Omega_0=0.3 , \lambda_0=0.7 , H_0=70km/s/Mpc cosmology ) from the 3C 324 galaxy .	The 3C 324 cluster is probably much more compact in size compared with the local clusters .	We constructed a K'-band luminosity function of the cluster members and fit a Schechter function , and found the characteristic magnitude to be K*_ { AB } =20.2+-0.6 .
+0	We present results from a numerical study of the runaway instability of thick discs around black holes .	This instability is an important issue for most models of cosmic gamma-ray bursts , where the central engine responsible for the initial energy release is such a system consisting of a thick disc surrounding a black hole .	We have carried out a comprehensive number of time-dependent simulations aimed at exploring the appearance of the instability .	Our study has been performed using a fully relativistic hydrodynamics code .	The general relativistic hydrodynamic equations are formulated as a hyperbolic flux-conservative system and solved using a suitable Godunov-type scheme .
+3	Our result shows that the original impossibility proof was based on an incorrect assumption , despite the fact that its conclusion remains valid within the adopted framework .	The no-go theorem of unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment depends crucially on the assumption that Alice knows in detail all the probability distributions generated by Bob .	We show that if a protocol is concealing , then the cheating unitary transformation is independent of any parameters ( including probability distributions ) secretly chosen by Bob , so that Alice can calculate it without knowing Bob 's secret choices .	Otherwise the protocol can not be concealing .	Furthermore , our result eliminates a potential loophole in the no-go theorem .
+4	A generalized non-equilibrium vertex correction algorithm is then developed to calculate disorder average of the product of any two real time single-particle Green 's functions .	In realistic nanoelectronics , disordered impurities/defects are inevitable and play important roles in electron transport .	However , due to the lack of effective quantum transport method to do disorder average , the important effects of disorders remain largely un-explored or poorly understood .	Here , we report a generalized non-equilibrium vertex correction method with coherent potential approximation for the non-equilibrium quantum transport simulation of disordered nanoelectronics .	In this method , the disorder average of various Green 's functions are computed by a generalized coherent potential approximation .
+0	This is the 5-th paper in the series devoted to explicit formulating of the rules needed to manage an effective field theory of strong interactions in S-matrix sector .	We discuss the principles of constructing the meaningful perturbation series and formulate two basic ones : uniformity and summability .	Relying on these principles one obtains the bootstrap conditions which restrict the allowed values of the physical ( observable ) parameters appearing in the extended perturbation scheme built for a given localizable effective theory .	The renormalization prescriptions needed to fix the finite parts of counterterms in such a scheme can be divided into two subsets : minimal -- needed to fix the S-matrix , and non-minimal -- for eventual calculation of Green functions ; in this paper we consider only the minimal one .	In particular , it is shown that in theories with the amplitudes which asymptotic behavior is governed by known Regge intercepts , the system of independent renormalization conditions only contains those fixing the counterterm vertices with $ n \leq 3 $ lines , while other prescriptions are determined by self-consistency requirements .
+3	We consider several correlation matrices of various sizes , each constructed with a different set of basis interpolators , in order to demonstrate the invariance of the eigenstates on the basis choice .	Recent developments on the determination of the spin-1/2 spectrum of the nucleon in full QCD are presented .	Our focus is on the PACS-CS 2+1 flavor configurations made available through the ILDG .	Using correlation matrix techniques , in which a wide variety of gauge-invariant Gaussian-smeared fermion-propagator sources and sinks are considered , excited states are determined .	Of particular interest is the approach to the elusive Roper resonance and we report preliminary results in full QCD .
+3	The column densities of H13CN , HN13C , H15NC and NH3 were estimated towards the centre of the core.Results .	Aims .	The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributions of the isomeric molecules HCN and HNC and estimate their abundance ratio in the protostellar core Cha-MMS1 located in Chamaeleon { \sc i } .Methods .	The core was mapped in the J=1-0 rotational lines of HCN , HNC , and HN13C .	The core is well delineated in all three maps .
+3	A cross-section ratio of R_ { expt } = [ 1.08 +- 0.21 ( stat ) +- 0.16 ( sys ) ] X R_ { SM } was measured .	The nu-e-bar electron elastic scattering cross-section was measured with a CsI ( Tl ) scintillating crystal detector array with a total mass of 187 kg at the Kuo-Sheng Nuclear Power Station .	The detectors were exposed to a reactor nu-e-bar flux of 6.4 X 10^ { 12 } cm^ { -2 } s^ { -1 } originated from a core with 2.9 GW thermal power .	Using 29882/7369 kg-days of Reactor ON/OFF data , the Standard Model ( SM ) of electroweak interaction was probed at the 4-momentum transfer range of Q^2 ~ 3 X 10^ { -6 } GeV^2 .	Constraints on the electroweak parameters ( g_V , g_A ) were placed , corresponding to a weak mixing angle measurement of $ \s2tw $ = [ 0.251 +- 0.031 ( stat ) +- 0.024 ( sys ) ] .
+1	If a disc of gas arriving from further out in the galaxy dissipates sufficient energy to fall below this threshold , it will thereafter collapse into the very centre .	Below a threshold energy , gas in the constant density core of a triaxial galaxy can find no simple non-intersecting periodic orbit to act as an attractor for its trajectory ( El-Zant et al.2003 ) .	Such a mechanism may be relevant to the early growth of super-massive black holes at the Eddington limit and the appearance of the quasar phenomenon at high redshift .	This process is self-limiting in the sense that , when the black hole mass has grown to a significant fraction of the core mass , simple angular momentum conserving orbits are restored and accretion reverts to the slow viscous mode .	The mechanism depends upon the pre-existence of constant density cores in triaxial spheroidal galaxies .
+1	This paper contains the first new examples of topologically slice knots .	In the early 1980 's Mike Freedman showed that all knots with trivial Alexander polynomial are topologically slice ( with fundamental group Z ) .	In fact , we give a sufficient homological condition under which a knot is slice with fundamental group Z semi-direct product Z [ 1/2 ] .	These two fundamental groups are known to be the only solvable ribbon groups .	Our homological condition implies that the Alexander polynomial equals ( t-2 ) ( t^ { -1 } -2 ) but also contains information about the metabelian cover of the knot complement ( since there are many non-slice knots with this Alexander polynomial ) .
+3	This paper introduces and tests novel extensions of structured GPs to multidimensional inputs .	Exact Gaussian Process ( GP ) regression has O ( N^3 ) runtime for data size N , making it intractable for large N. Many algorithms for improving GP scaling approximate the covariance with lower rank matrices .	Other work has exploited structure inherent in particular covariance functions , including GPs with implied Markov structure , and equispaced inputs ( both enable O ( N ) runtime ) .	However , these GP advances have not been extended to the multidimensional input setting , despite the preponderance of multidimensional applications .	We present new methods for additive GPs , showing a novel connection between the classic backfitting method and the Bayesian framework .
+4	The VHE and X-ray fluxes are correlated .	The close X-ray selected BL Lac PKS 2155 -- 304 has been observed using the University of Durham Mark 6 very high energy ( VHE ) gamma ray telescope during 1996 September/October/November and 1997 October/November .	VHE gamma rays with energy & gt ; 300 GeV were detected with a time-averaged integral flux of ( 4.2 +/- 0.7 ( stat ) +/- 2.0 ( sys ) ) x 10^-11 cm^-2 s^-1 .	There is evidence for VHE gamma ray emission during our observations in 1996 September and 1997 October/November .	The strongest emission was detected in 1997 November , when the object was producing the largest flux ever recorded in high-energy X-rays and was detected in & gt ; 100 MeV gamma-rays .
+1	For example , violation of mixing , ergodicity and of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem may occur , since all these processes are connected .	Ballistic transportation introduces new challenges in the thermodynamic properties of a gas of particles .	In this work , we obtain results for all ranges of diffusion , i.e. , both for subdiffusion and superdiffusion , where the bath is such that it gives origin to a colored noise .	In this way we obtain the skewness and the non-Gaussian factor for the probability distribution function of the dynamical variable .	We put particular emphasis on ballistic diffusion , and we demonstrate that in this case , although the second law of thermodynamics is preserved , the entropy does not reach a maximum and a non-Gaussian behavior occurs .
+1	We adopt a local-electrode framework that is appropriate for scanning tunneling microscopy ( STM ) experiments where electroluminescence originates from individual molecules of moderate size on complex substrates : Couplings between the STM tip and molecule and between the molecule and multiple substrate sites are treated on the same footing , as local electrodes contacting the molecule .	We explore theoretically the electroluminescence of single molecules .	Electron flow is modelled with the Lippmann-Schwinger Green function scattering technique .	The evolution of the electronic energy levels of the molecule under bias is modelled assuming the total charge of the molecule to be invariant , consistent with Coulomb blockade considerations , but that the electronic occupations of the molecular HOMO and LUMO levels vary with changing bias .	The photon emission rate is calculated using Fermi 's golden rule .
+2	One generalization of universal cycles , which require almost complete overlap of consecutive words , is s-overlap cycles , which relax such a constraint .	Universal cycles are generalizations of de Bruijn cycles and Gray codes that were introduced originally by Chung , Diaconis , and Graham in 1990 .	They have been developed by many authors since , for various combinatorial objects such as strings , subsets , permutations , partitions , vector spaces , and designs .	In this paper we study weak orders , which are relations that are transitive and complete .	We prove the existence of universal and s-overlap cycles for weak orders , as well as for fixed height and/or weight weak orders , and apply the results to cycles for ordered partitions as well .
+1	The database has three functional components .	A database can be accessed on the web at http : //edd.ifa.hawaii.edu that was developed to promote access to information related to galaxy distances .	First , tables from many literature sources have been gathered and enhanced with links through a distinct galaxy naming convention .	Second , comparisons of results both at the levels of parameters and of techniques have begun and are continuing , leading to increasing homogeneity and consistency of distance measurements .	Third , new material are presented arising from ongoing observational programs at the University of Hawaii 2.2m telescope , radio telescopes at Green Bank , Arecibo , and Parkes and with Hubble Space Telescope .
+4	We find that the Higgs decaying to lepton jets can be hidden when the event topology mimics that of hadronic backgrounds .	The Higgs and some of the Standard Model superpartners may have been copiously produced at LEP and the Tevatron without being detected .	We study a novel scenario of this type in which the Higgs decays predominantly into a light hidden sector either directly or through light SUSY states .	Subsequent cascades increase the multiplicity of hidden sector particles which , after decaying back into the Standard Model , appear in the detector as clusters of collimated leptons known as lepton jets .	We identify the relevant collider observables that characterize this scenario , and study a wide range of LEP and Tevatron searches to recover the viable regions in the space of observables .
+3	We prove that $ Z^0 \to 2\gamma $ is forbidden for the twisted coproduct as well .	Yang 's theorem forbids the process $ Z^0 \to 2\gamma $ in any Poincar\ ' { e } invariant theory if photons are bosons and their two-particle states transform under the Poincar\ ' { e } group in the standard way ( under the standard coproduct of the Poincar\ ' { e } group ) .	This is an important result as it does not depend on the assumptions of quantum field theory .	Recent work on noncommutative geometry requires deforming the above coproduct by the Drinfel 'd twist .	This result is also independent of the assumptions of quantum field theory .
+1	A particular class of traces emerges from this framework , the hikes , whose alphabet is the set of simple cycles on the graph .	Trace monoids provide a powerful tool to study graphs , viewing walks as words whose letters , the edges of the graph , obey a specific commutation rule .	We show that hikes characterize undirected graphs uniquely , up to isomorphism , and satisfy remarkable algebraic properties such as the existence and unicity of a prime factorization .	Because of this , the set of hikes partially ordered by divisibility hosts a plethora of relations in direct correspondence with those found in number theory .	Some applications of these results are presented , including an immanantal extension to MacMahon 's master theorem and a derivation of the Ihara zeta function from an abelianization procedure .
+2	The uncertainties from galaxy bias , the way light traces mass , is an important ingredient in the forecast .	In the first paper of this series , we studied the effect of baryon acoustic oscillations ( BAO ) , redshift space distortions ( RSD ) and weak lensing ( WL ) on measurements of angular cross-correlations in narrow redshift bins .	Paper-II presented a multitracer forecast as Figures of Merit ( FoM ) , combining a photometric and spectroscopic stage-IV survey .	Fixing the bias would increase our FoM equivalent to 3.3 times larger area for the combined constraints .	This paper focus on how the modelling of bias affect these results .
+0	Most of the complex social , technological and biological networks have a significant community structure .	Therefore the community structure of complex networks has to be considered as a universal property , together with the much explored small-world and scale-free properties of these networks .	Despite the large interest in characterizing the community structures of real networks , not enough attention has been devoted to the detection of universal mechanisms able to spontaneously generate networks with communities .	Triadic closure is a natural mechanism to make new connections , especially in social networks .	Here we show that models of network growth based on simple triadic closure naturally lead to the emergence of community structure , together with fat-tailed distributions of node degree , high clustering coefficients .
+3	Our model indeed reproduces these local properties reasonably well .	We give an explanation for the origin of various properties observed in local infrared galaxies , and make predictions for galaxy counts and cosmic background radiation ( CBR ) , by a new model extended from that for optical/near-infrared galaxies .	Important new characteristics of this study are that ( 1 ) mass scale dependence of dust extinction is introduced based on the size-luminosity relation of optical galaxies , and that ( 2 ) the big grain dust temperature T_dust is calculated based on a physical consideration for energy balance , rather than using the empirical relation between T_dust and total infrared luminosity L_IR found in local galaxies , which has been employed in most of previous works .	Consequently , the local properties of infrared galaxies , i.e. , optical/infrared luminosity ratios , L_IR-T_dust correlation , and infrared luminosity function are outputs predicted by the model .	We then found considerably different results for MIR-submm counts and CBR from most of previous works based on the empirical L_IR-T_dust relation ; especially , it is shown that the dust temperature of starbursting primordial elliptical galaxies is expected to be very high ( 40-80K ) .
+2	The characteristics deduced are closely similar to those of the objects proposed by Walker and Wardle ( 1998 ) to explain halo dark matter .	I discuss the possibility that a significant fraction ( possibly a third ) of the faint SCUBA sources are not in fact high redshift galaxies , but actually local cold dark dusty gas clouds emitting only in the submm , with a temperature around 7K .	I show that the observational constraints on such a population - dynamical limits on missing matter , the FIR-mm background , and the absence of gross high-latitude extinction features - constrains the mass of such objects to be in the range 0.1 - 10 Jupiter masses .	However , such objects , if they explain a large fraction of the SCUBA sources , can not extend through the halo without greatly exceeding the FIR-mm background .	Instead , I deduce the characteristic distance of the SCUBA sources to be around 100 pc , consistent with being drawn from a disk population with a scale height of few hundred parsecs .
+0	We report the effect of 3d metal Cobalt ( Co ) and Nickel ( Ni ) doping on the FeTe0.5Se0.5 superconductor with the nominal composition range Fe1-xMxTe0.5Se0.5 ( M = Co , Ni and x = 0.00 , 0.01 0.02 , 0.05 , and 0.10 ) .	Samples are synthesized through standard solid state reaction route and all are crystallize in single phase tetragonal structure with space group P4nmm .	The lattice parameters 'a ' , 'c ' and volume decrease with increase in Co and Ni content , although not monotonically .	In fact the 'a ' lattice parameter of Co doped samples is nearly unaffected for Co doped samples .	The superconducting transition temperature ( Tc ) is measured from both DC and AC magnetic susceptibility , which decrease with increase in Ni or Co content .
+1	From radio observations taken with the Parkes , Lovell and Arecibo telescopes , we show that this pulsar exhibits two spindown states akin to PSRs B1931+24 reported by Kramer et al .	We report on radio and X-ray observations of PSR 1832+0029 , a 533-ms radio pulsar discovered in the Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey .	and J1841-0500 reported by Camilo et al .	Unlike PSR B1931+24 , which switches between `` on '' and `` off '' states on a 30 -- 40 day time-scale , PSR 1832+0029 is similar to PSR J1841-0500 in that it spends a much longer period of time in the off-state .	So far , we have fully sampled two off-states .
+1	We first identify the spectrum of the underlying two-dimensional linear problem through multiple-scale techniques .	In this work , we study pancake-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates confined by both a cylindrically symmetric harmonic potential and an optical lattice with equal periodicity in two orthogonal directions .	Then , we use the results obtained in the linear limit as a starting point for a nonlinear existence and stability analysis of the lowest energy states , emanating from the linear ones , in the nonlinear problem .	Two-parameter continuations of these states are performed for increasing nonlinearity and optical lattice strengths , and their instabilities and temporal evolution are investigated .	It is found that the ground state as well as one of the excited states are either stable or weakly unstable for both attractive and repulsive interatomic interactions .
+4	If the Luttinger liquid has a finite size , the Josephson current depends on the total number of electrons modulo 4 .	We study the Josephson effect through a one-dimensional system of interacting electrons , connected to two superconductors by tunnel junctions .	The interactions are treated in the framework of the one-channel Luttinger model .	At zero temperature , the Josephson critical current is found to decay algebraically with increasing distance between the junctions .	The exponent is proportional to the strength of the Coulomb interaction .
+3	The main result is a positive answer in the form of a Jordan H\ '' older theorem for derived module categories of hereditary artin algebras .	Recollements of triangulated categories may be seen as exact sequences of such categories .	Iterated recollements of triangulated categories are analogues of geometric or topological stratifications and of composition series of algebraic objects .	We discuss the question of uniqueness of such a stratification , up to ordering and derived equivalence , for derived module categories .	We also provide examples of derived simple rings .
+0	We present synthetic single-line and continuum linear-polarisation signatures due to electron scattering in axially-symmetric Type II supernovae ( SNe ) which we calculate using a Monte Carlo and a long-characteristic radiative-transfer code .	Aspherical ejecta are produced by prescribing a latitudinal scaling or stretching of SN ejecta inputs obtained from 1-D non-LTE time-dependent calculations .	We study polarisation signatures as a function of inclination , shape factor , wavelength , line identity , post-explosion time .	At early times , cancellation and optical-depth effects make the polarisation intrinsically low , causing complicated sign reversals with inclination or continuum wavelength , and across line profiles .	While the line polarisation is positive ( negative ) for an oblate ( prolate ) morphology at the peak and in the red wing , the continuum polarisation may be of any sign .
+0	Performance of reliable communication over a coherent slow fading channel at high SNR is succinctly captured as a fundamental tradeoff between diversity and multiplexing gains .	We study the problem of designing codes that optimally tradeoff the diversity and multiplexing gains .	Our main contribution is a precise characterization of codes that are universally tradeoff-optimal , i.e. , they optimally tradeoff the diversity and multiplexing gains for every statistical characterization of the fading channel .	We denote this characterization as one of approximate universality where the approximation is in the connection between error probability and outage capacity with diversity and multiplexing gains , respectively .	The characterization of approximate universality is then used to construct new coding schemes as well as to show optimality of several schemes proposed in the space-time coding literature .
+1	At center of mass energy $ \sqrt { s } \sim 5GeV $ , Pomeron dominance does not apply .	We study the role played by the final-state interactions ( fsi ) in heavy quark decays using Pomeron and Regge exchanges to describe high energy scattering .	We study the behavior of the decay amplitudes as $ \sqrt { s } $ is varied close to the B mass .	We also investigate the behavior of the decay amplitude as $ \sqrt { s } \to \infty $ .	Our conclusion is that the decay amplitudes approach a real value asymptotically .
+2	Analyzing the general case of variable Rabi frequency and frequency detuning we mention that the most notable features of the models provided by the derived classes are due to the extra constant term in the detuning modulation function .	We discuss the level-crossing field configurations for which the quantum time-dependent two-state problem is solvable in terms of the confluent Heun functions .	We show that these configurations belong to fifteen four-parametric families of models that generalize all the known 3- and 2-parametric families for which the problem is solvable in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric and the Kummer confluent hypergeometric functions .	Due to this term the classes suggest numerous symmetric or asymmetric chirped pulses and a variety of models with two crossings of the frequency resonance .	The latter models are generated by both real and complex transformations of the independent variable .
+0	Recently we suggested a new quantum algebra , the moduli algebra , which was conjectured to be a quantum algebra of observables of the Hamiltonian Chern Simons theory .	This algebra provides the quantization of the algebra of functions on the moduli space of flat connections on a 2-dimensional surface .	In this paper we classify unitary representations of this new algebra and identify the corresponding representation spaces with the spaces of conformal blocks of the WZW model .	The mapping class group of the surface is proved to act on the moduli algebra by inner automorphisms .	The generators of these automorphisms are unitary elements of the moduli algebra .
+2	If a virtual knot diagram is equivalent to a classical knot diagram then this minimal surface is a sphere .	Kuperberg [ Algebr.Geom.Topol .	3 ( 2003 ) 587-591 ] has shown that a virtual knot corresponds ( up to generalized Reidemeister moves ) to a unique embedding in a thichened surface of minimal genus .	Using this result and a generalised bracket polynomial , we develop methods that may determine whether a virtual knot diagram is non-classical ( and hence non-trivial ) .	As examples we show that , except for special cases , link diagrams with a single virtualization and link diagrams with a single virtual crossing are non-classical .
+2	There are two mechanisms for the baryon pair production , current-produced and transition .	Motivated by recent data on B- & gt ; p pbar K decay , we study various charmless three-body baryonic B decay modes , including Lambda pbar pi , Sigma0 pbar pi , p pbar pi , p pbar Kbar0 , in a factorization approach .	These modes have rates of order 10^ { -6 } .	The behavior of decay spectra from these baryon production mechanisms can be understood by using QCD counting rules .	Predictions on rates and decay spectra can be checked in the near future .
+3	Gravitational field of the nucleus is described by the Kerr metric .	This preprint is based on two articles accepted by MNRAS and ApJ .	Our aim is to study the evolution of the orbit of a star under the influence of interactions with an accretion disc in an AGN .	The model considered consists of a low-mass compact object orbiting a supermassive black hole and colliding periodically with the accretion disc .	The star is assumed to move along a geodesic arc between successive interactions with an equatorial accretion disc .
+3	This paper discusses the difference between a symmetrical co-citation matrix and an asymmetrical citation matrix as well as the appropriate statistical techniques that can be applied to each of these matrices , respectively .	Co-occurrence matrices , such as co-citation , co-word , and co-link matrices , have been used widely in the information sciences .	However , confusion and controversy have hindered the proper statistical analysis of this data .	The underlying problem , in our opinion , involved understanding the nature of various types of matrices .	Similarity measures ( like the Pearson correlation coefficient or the cosine ) should not be applied to the symmetrical co-citation matrix , but can be applied to the asymmetrical citation matrix to derive the proximity matrix .
+0	Large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations ( LALOs ) in prominences are spectacular manifestations of the solar activity .	In such events nearby energetic disturbances induce periodic motions on filaments with displacements comparable to the size of the filaments themselves and with velocities larger than 20 km/s .	The pendulum model , in which the gravity projected along a rigid magnetic field is the restoring force , was proposed to explain these events .	However , it can be objected that in a realistic situation where the magnetic field reacts to the mass motion of the heavy prominence , the simplified pendulum model could be no longer valid .	We have performed non-linear time-dependent numerical simulations of LALOs considering a dipped magnetic field line structure .
+4	The asymptotic behaviors of the densities are in agreement with the results obtained from bosonization for a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid , namely , an interaction dependent power-law decay of the density far from the hard wall , a reflection from the point of discontinuity , and transmission resonances for the interacting region of finite length .	We use first-order perturbation theory near the fermionic limit of the delta-function Bose gas in one dimension ( i.e. , a system of weakly interacting fermions ) to study three situations of physical interest .	The calculation is done using a pseudopotential which takes the form of a two-body delta '' -function interaction .	The three cases considered are the behavior of the system with a hard wall , with a point where the strength of the pseudopotential changes discontinuously , and with a region of finite length where the pseudopotential strength is non-zero ( this is sometimes used as a model for a quantum wire ) .	In all cases , we obtain exact expressions for the density to first order in the pseudopotential strength .
+0	Recent studies have explored theoretically the ability of populations of neurons to carry information about a set of stimuli , both in the case of purely discrete or purely continuous stimuli , and in the case of multidimensional continuous angular and discrete correlates , in presence of additional quenched disorder in the distribution .	An analytical expression for the mutual information has been obtained in the limit of large noise by means of the replica trick .	Here we show that the same results can actually be obtained in most cases without the use of replicas , by means of a much simpler expansion of the logarithm .	Fitting the theoretical model to real neuronal data , we show that the introduction of correlations in the quenched disorder improves the fit , suggesting a possible role of signal correlations-actually detected in real data- in a redundant code .	We show that even in the more difficult analysis of the asymptotic regime , an explicit expression for the mutual information can be obtained without resorting to the replica trick despite the presence of quenched disorder , both with a gaussian and with a more realistic thresholded-gaussian model .
+1	It is known that these satisfy quantum ergodicity : For almost all eigenstates , the expectation values of quantum observables converge to the classical phase-space average with respect to Liouville measure of the corresponding classical observable .	We study the ergodic properties of quantized ergodic maps of the torus .	The possible existence of any exceptional subsequences of eigenstates is an important issue , which until now was unresolved in any example .	The absence of exceptional subsequences is referred to as quantum unique ergodicity ( QUE ) .	We present the first examples of maps which satisfy QUE : Irrational skew translations of the two-torus , the parabolic analogues of Arnold 's cat maps .
+3	We have used this concept in order to give a physical meaning to the electron correlation energy in systems of interacting electrons .	Quantum entanglement is a concept commonly used with reference to the existence of certain correlations in quantum systems that have no classical interpretation .	It is a useful resource to enhance the mutual information of memory channels or to accelerate some quantum processes as , for example , the factorization in Shor 's Algorithm .	Moreover , entanglement is a physical observable directly measured by the von Neumann entropy of the system .	The electronic correlation is not directly observable , since it is defined as the difference between the exact ground state energy of the many -- electrons Schroedinger equation and the Hartree -- Fock energy .
+1	We consider a resonant-tunneling model where the electron spin in a quantum dot or molecule is coupled to an additional local , anisotropic spin via exchange interaction .	Transport through molecular magnets is studied in the regime of strong coupling to the leads .	The two opposite regimes dominated by resonant tunneling and by Kondo transport , respectively , are considered .	In the resonant-tunneling regime , the stationary state of the impurity spin is calculated for arbitrarily strong molecule-lead coupling using a master-equation approach , which treats the exchange interaction perturbatively .	We find that the characteristic fine structure in the differential conductance persists even if the hybridization energy exceeds thermal energies .
+1	The orbiter undergoes repetitionary collisions with an accretion disc .	We further investigate the long-term evolution of a trajectory of a stellar-mass orbiter which is gravitationally bound to a massive central body .	We consider eccentric orbits intersecting the disc once or twice per each revolution , and we solve the equations for osculating elements .	We find terminal radii of the orbits and time needed to bring the orbit into the disc plane as function of initial parameters , and we show that previous simplified estimates ( derived for the case of low eccentricity ) remain valid within factor of two .	The discussion presented in this paper offers a toy model of the orbital evolution of a satellite which passes through the rarefied gaseous environment of a stationary disc .
+3	Next , by relying on the notion of differentiability with respect to probability measures due to P.L .	We study the optimal control of general stochastic McKean-Vlasov equation .	Such problem is motivated originally from the asymptotic formulation of cooperative equilibrium for a large population of particles ( players ) in mean-field interaction under common noise .	Our first main result is to state a dynamic programming principle for the value function in the Wasserstein space of probability measures , which is proved from a flow property of the conditional law of the controlled state process .	Lions [ 32 ] , and It { \^o } 's formula along a flow of conditional measures , we derive the dynamic programming Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation , and prove the viscosity property together with a uniqueness result for the value function .
+4	In Section 3 , the origins of Muslim astronomy will be briefly examined .	This paper aims at presenting a brief overview of astronomical exchanges between the Eastern and Western parts of the Islamic world from the 8th to 14th century .	These cultural interactions were in fact vaster involving Persian , Indian , Greek , and Chinese traditions .	I will particularly focus on some interesting relations between the Persian astronomical heritage and the Andalusian ( Spanish ) achievements in that period .	After a brief introduction dealing mainly with a couple of terminological remarks , I will present a glimpse of the historical context in which Muslim science developed .
+4	Investigating the process of synchronization of oscillators in a hierarchical modular network , we show the existence of as many distinct time-scales as there are hierarchical levels in the system .	Many natural and engineered complex networks have intricate mesoscopic organization , e.g. , the clustering of the constituent nodes into several communities or modules .	Often , such modularity is manifested at several different hierarchical levels , where the clusters defined at one level appear as elementary entities at the next higher level .	Using a simple model of a hierarchical modular network , we show that such a topological structure gives rise to characteristic time-scale separation between dynamics occurring at different levels of the hierarchy .	This generalizes our earlier result for simple modular networks , where fast intra-modular and slow inter-modular processes were clearly distinguished .
+4	Those waves that propagate upward pass through the photosphere and enter the upper atmosphere where they can be measured as loop oscillations and other forms of propagating coronal waves .	Recent observations of coronal-loop waves by TRACE and within the corona as a whole by CoMP clearly indicate that the dominant oscillation period is 5 minutes , thus implicating the solar p modes as a possible source .	We investigate the generation of tube waves within the solar convection zone by the buffeting of p modes .	The tube waves -- in the form of longitudinal sausage waves and transverse kink waves -- are generated on the many magnetic fibrils that lace the convection zone and pierce the solar photosphere .	Once generated by p-mode forcing , the tube waves freely propagate up and down the tubes , since the tubes act like light fibers and form a waveguide for these magnetosonic waves .
+3	In each step , we propose candidates for ancestral genomes and choose the best ones by dynamic programming .	In the small phylogeny problem we , are given a phylogenetic tree and gene orders of the extant species and our goal is to reconstruct all of the ancestral genomes so that the number of evolutionary operations is minimized .	Algorithms for reconstructing evolutionary history from gene orders are usually based on repeatedly computing medians of genomes at neighbouring vertices of the tree .	We propose a new , more general approach , based on an iterative local optimization procedure .	We have implemented our method and used it to reconstruct evolutionary history of 16 yeast mtDNAs and 13 Campanulaceae cpDNAs .
+1	The thermoelectric power is positive , and it increases in a monotonic way with increasing temperature for all pressures .	We have measured the thermoelectric power ( S ) of high purity single-walled carbon nanotube mats as a function of temperature at various hydrostatic pressures up to 2.0 GPa .	The low temperature ( T & lt ; 40 K ) linear thermoelectric power is pressure independent and is characteristic for metallic nanotubes .	At higher temperatures it is enhanced and though S ( T ) is linear again above about 100 K it has a nonzero intercept .	This enhancement is strongly pressure dependent and is related to the change of the phonon population with hydrostatic pressure .
+3	As the temperature is taken to zero , different behaviors are possible .	The ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density , $ \eta/s $ , is computed in various holographic geometries that break translation invariance ( but are isotropic ) .	The shear viscosity does not have a hydrodynamic interpretation in such backgrounds , but does quantify the rate of entropy production due to a strain .	Fluctuations of the metric components $ \delta g_ { xy } $ are massive about these backgrounds , leading to $ \eta/s & lt ; 1/ ( 4\pi ) $ at all finite temperatures ( even in Einstein gravity ) .	If translation symmetry breaking is irrelevant in the far IR , then $ \eta/s $ tends to a constant at $ T=0 $ .
+4	But this is expensive to develop and maintain .	One of application that needs high performance computing resources is molecular d ynamic .	There is some software available that perform molecular dynamic , one of these is a well known GROMACS .	Our previous experiment simulating molecular dynamics of Indonesian grown herbal compounds show sufficient speed up on 32 n odes Cluster computing environment .	In order to obtain a reliable simulation , one usually needs to run the experiment on the scale of hundred nodes .
+3	In the first one we considered a specific form to the fiducial metric and found different functions and constant parameters of the theory that guarantees the conservation of the energy momentum tensor .	In this paper we present some new cosmological solutions in massive gravity theory .	Some homogeneous and isotropic solutions correctly describe accelerated evolutions for the universe , while others solutions are totally anisotropic .	The study was realized based on two approaches .	In a second approach we just studied the conservation of the energy momentum tensor by means of a $ \gamma $ function present in the construction of the theory , but with no information on the St\ '' uckelberg field that forms the fiducial metric .
+1	The SU ( 5 ) symmetries on the lattice are broken by the vacuum expectation values of the link fields connecting adjacent SU ( 5 ) sites , leaving just the MSSM at low energies .	We construct a supersymmetric grand unified model in the framework of a latticized extra dimension .	Below the SU ( 5 ) breaking scale , the theory gives rise to a similar spectrum as in orbifold breaking of SU ( 5 ) symmetry in 5 dimensions , and shares many features with the latter scenario .	We discuss gauge coupling unification and proton decay emphasizing the differences with respect to the usual grand unified theories .	Our model may be viewed as an effective four dimensional description of the orbifold symmetry breaking in higher dimensions .
+1	Sterically stabilized poly ( methyl methacrylate ) ( PMMA ) colloids are suspended in cyclohexane ( CH ) and cyclohexyl bromide ( CHB ) with dilute polystyrene serving as a depletion agent .	We introduce a model gel system in which colloidal forces , structure , and rheology are measured by balancing the requirements of rheological and microscopy techniques with those of optical tweezers .	A solvent comprising of 37 % weight fraction CH provides sufficient refractive index contrast to enable optical trapping , while maintaining good confocal imaging quality and minimal sedimentation effects on the bulk rheology .	At this condition , and at a depletant concentration c = 8.64 mg/mL ( c/c* = 0.81 ) , results from optical trapping show that 50 % of bonds rupture at 3.3 pN .	The linear strain-dependent elastic modulus of the corresponding gel ( volume fraction = 0.20 ) is G ' = 1.8 Pa , and the mean contact number of the particles in the gel structure is 5.4 .
+2	In this paper , we regard GMPs as smooth surfaces .	Gabor filters can extract multi-orientation and multiscale features from face images .	Researchers have designed different ways to use the magnitude of the filtered results for face recognition : Gabor Fisher classifier exploited only the magnitude information of Gabor magnitude pictures ( GMPs ) ; Local Gabor Binary Pattern uses only the gradient information .	By completely describing the shape of GMPs , we get a face representation method called Gabor Surface Feature ( GSF ) .	First , we compute the magnitude , 1st and 2nd derivatives of GMPs , then binarize them and transform them into decimal values .
+3	To follow the formation of multiple gravitationally bound objects , at high gas densities we introduce sink particles which accrete gas directly from the computational grid .	We investigate the process of metal-free star formation in the first galaxies with a high-resolution cosmological simulation .	We consider the cosmologically motivated scenario in which a strong molecule-destroying Lyman-Werner ( LW ) background inhibits effective cooling in low-mass haloes , delaying star formation until the collapse or more massive haloes .	Only when molecular hydrogen ( H2 ) can self-shield from LW radiation , which requires a halo capable of cooling by atomic line emission , will star formation be possible .	We find that in a 1 Mpc^3 ( comoving ) box , runaway collapse first occurs in a 3x10^7 M_sun dark matter halo at z~12 assuming a background intensity of J21=100 .
+2	The instrument can be used just for AFM imaging of the investigated sample or can be used for detection of photoemitted electrons with a sharp STM-like tip , thus leading to the local measure of the X-ray absorption signal .	The in situ combination of Scanning Probe Microscopies ( SPM ) with X-ray microbeams adds a variety of new possibilities to the panoply of synchrotron radiation techniques .	In this paper we describe an optics-free AFM/STM that can be directly installed on synchrotron radiation end stations for such combined experiments .	Alternatively one can can measure the flux of photon impinging on the sharpest part of the tip to locally map the pattern of beams diffracted from the sample .	In this paper we eventually provide some examples of local detection of XAS and diffraction .
+0	Under tidal forcing , icy satellites with subsurface oceans deform as if the surface were a membrane stretched around a fluid layer .	`Membrane worlds ' is thus a fitting name for these bodies and membrane theory provides the perfect toolbox to predict tidal effects .	I describe here a new membrane approach to tidal perturbations based on the general theory of viscoelastic-gravitational deformations of spherically symmetric bodies .	The massive membrane approach leads to explicit formulas for viscoelastic tidal Love numbers which are exact in the limit of zero crust thickness .	Formulas for load Love numbers come as a bonus .
+1	Various models have been proposed to infer details of the dynamics that describe epidemic progression .	Estimation of epidemiological and population parameters from molecular sequence data has become central to the understanding of infectious disease dynamics .	These include inference approaches derived from Kingman 's coalescent theory .	Here , we use recently described coalescent theory for epidemic dynamics to develop stochastic and deterministic coalescent SIR tree priors .	We implement these in a Bayesian phylogenetic inference framework to permit joint estimation of SIR epidemic parameters and the sample genealogy .
+4	These results elucidate the role of memory in complex networks and are relevant to technological applications of these systems .	Memristive systems , namely resistive systems with memory , are attracting considerable attention due to their ubiquity in several phenomena and technological applications .	Here , we show that even the simplest one-dimensional network formed by the most common memristive elements with voltage threshold bears non-trivial physical properties .	In particular , by taking into account the single element variability we find i ) dynamical acceleration and slowing down of the total resistance in adiabatic processes , ii ) dependence of the final state on the history of the input signal with same initial conditions , iii ) existence of switching avalanches in memristive ladders , and iv ) independence of the dynamics voltage threshold with respect to the number of memristive elements in the network ( scale invariance ) .	An important criterion for this scale invariance is the presence of memristive systems with very small threshold voltages in the ensemble .
+4	We find that we can describe the data in a natural way by using HERA parton densities and a gap surivial factor consistent with theoretical estimates .	This thesis is concerned with the theory and the phenomenology of rapidity gap processes .	We perform perturbative calculations of energy flow observables in jet-gap-jet processes , which consist of resummed primary emission calculations specific to the soft gluon geometry at HERA and an estimate of non-global ( secondary emission ) effects in clustered energy flow observables .	The resulting predictions agree well with H1 data .	We also study hard diffraction and use a factorised model , with a Monte Carlo event generator , to make detailed predictions for gap-jet-gap events at the Tevatron .
+3	A large sample of available numerical schemes is discussed , paying particular attention to solution procedures based on schemes exploiting the characteristic structure of the equations through linearized Riemann solvers .	The current status of numerical solutions for the equations of ideal general relativistic hydrodynamics is reviewed .	With respect to an earlier version of the article the present update provides additional information on numerical schemes and extends the discussion of astrophysical simulations in general relativistic hydrodynamics .	Different formulations of the equations are presented , with special mention of conservative and hyperbolic formulations well-adapted to advanced numerical methods .	A comprehensive summary of astrophysical simulations in strong gravitational fields is presented .
+2	{ \bf 73 } , 736 ( 1994 ) ] are accounted for by the model which includes linear coupling between $ Cu $ and $ O $ distortions .	A phenomenological model of the Landau type forms the basis for a study of elastic distortions near the spin-Peierls transition $ T_c $ in $ CuGeO_3 $ .	The atomic displacements proposed by Hirota { \it et al . } [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	$ Cu $ displacements are seen to be responsible for anomalies in the elastic properties { \it at } $ T_c $ , whereas incipient $ O $ distortions give rise to temperature dependence below $ T_c $ .	A discussion of possible critical behavior is also made .
+2	The idea is to combine the algorithm of Sarkar and Wang with the recent description of the contact Ozsvath-Szabo invariant due to Honda , Kazez and Matic .	Sarkar and Wang proved that the hat version of Heegaard Floer homology group of a closed oriented 3-manifold is combinatorial starting from an arbitrary nice Heegaard diagram and in fact every closed oriented 3-manifold admits such a Heegaard diagram .	Plamenevskaya showed that the contact Ozsvath-Szabo invariant is combinatorial once we are given an open book decomposition compatible with a contact structure .	Here we simply observe that the hat version of the Heegaard Floer homology group and the contact Ozsvath-Szabo invariant in this group can be combinatorially calculated starting from a contact surgery diagram .	We give detailed examples pointing out to some shortcuts in the computations .
+1	The efficiency of type II SNe in injecting energy into the interstellar medium ( ISM ) and in re-heating a fraction of the original star-forming cloud is estimated with the aid of a two-phase model for the ISM of the cloud .	Type II supernovae ( SNe ) , probably the most important contributors to stellar feedback in galaxy formation , explode within the very dense star-forming clouds , where the injected energy is most easily radiated away .	We argue that when SNe explode the star-forming cloud has already been partially destroyed by ionizing light and winds from massive stars .	SN remnants ( SNRs ) will first cause the collapse of most of the cloud gas into cold fragments , until the diffuse hot phase has a low enough density to make further radiative losses negligible .	This is completed in ~3 Myr , with a modest energy loss of ~5 per cent of the total budget .
+1	In this paper , a method is presented for assigning priors based on beliefs on the presence or absence of certain paths in the true network .	A significant theoretical advantage of search-and-score methods for learning Bayesian Networks is that they can accept informative prior beliefs for each possible network , thus complementing the data .	Such beliefs correspond to knowledge about the possible causal and associative relations between pairs of variables .	This type of knowledge naturally arises from prior experimental and observational data , among others .	In addition , a novel search-operator is proposed to take advantage of such prior knowledge .
+3	We perform a multi-epoch spectral analysis of all XMM-Newton , Suzaku , and NuSTAR observations of Mrk 335 , and we optimize our fitting procedure to unveil correlations between the Eddington ratio and the spectral parameters .	Active galactic nuclei host an accretion disc with an X-ray producing corona around a supermassive black hole .	In bright sources , such as the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 335 , reflection of the coronal emission off the accretion disc has been observed .	Reflection produces spectral features such as an iron emission line , which allow for properties of the inner accretion disc and the corona to be constrained .	We find that the disc 's ionization parameter correlates strongly with the Eddington ratio : the inner disc is more strongly ionized at higher flux .
+2	The model is studied numerically at very high values of the Prandtl and Reynolds numbers and we investigate the properties close to the critical point of the miscibility gap where the diffusivity vanishes .	We introduce a shell ( `` GOY '' ) model for turbulent binary fluids .	The variation in the concentration between the two fluids acts as an active scalar leading to a redefined conservation law for the energy , which is incorporated into the model together with a conservation law for the scalar .	A peak develops in the spectrum of the scalar , showing that a strongly turbulent flow leads to an increase in the mixing time .	The peak is , however , not very pronounced .
+2	We make use of corresponding fission barrier heights and compare the impact of four different fission fragment distribution models on the final r-process abundance distribution .	Comparing observational abundance features with nucleosynthesis predictions of stellar evolution or explosion simulations can scrutinize two aspects : ( a ) the conditions in the astrophysical production site and ( b ) the quality of the nuclear physics input utilized .	We test the abundance features of r-process nucleosynthesis calculations for the dynamical ejecta of neutron star merger simulations based on three different nuclear mass models : The Finite Range Droplet Model ( FRDM ) , the ( quenched version of the ) Extended Thomas Fermi Model with Strutinsky Integral ( ETFSI-Q ) , and the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov ( HFB ) mass model .	In particular , we explore the abundance distribution in the second r-process peak and the rare-earth sub-peak as a function of mass models and fission fragment distributions , as well as the origin of a shift in the third r-process peak position .	The latter has been noticed in a number of merger nucleosynthesis predictions .
+0	We consider entanglement swapping , a key component of quantum network operations and entanglement distribution .	Pure entangled states , which are the desired input to the swapping protocol , are typically mixed by environmental interactions causing a reduction in their degree of entanglement .	Thus an understanding of entanglement swapping with partially mixed states is of importance .	Here we present a general analytical solution for entanglement swapping of arbitrary two-qubit states .	We find upper and lower bounds on the concurrence of the state resulting from entanglement swapping for various classes of input states .
+1	When $ \tilde J=0 $ , this is the conventional Heisenberg model .	We study a spin model on honeycomb lattice with two types of Heisenberg exchange couplings , $ J $ and $ \tilde J $ , where $ J $ is for the conventional spin and and $ \tilde J $ for rotated spin .	When J=0 , the system is either in a stripy antiferromagnetic order ( $ \tilde J & lt ; 0 $ , ferromagnetic for rotated spin ) or a zig-zag antiferromagnetic order ( $ \tilde J & gt ; 0 $ , antiferromagnetic for rotated spin ) .	The competition between two ferromagnetic orders or two antiferromagnetic orders induces Kitaev 's spin liquid phase characterized by the exactly solvable Kitaev model ( $ J=\tilde J $ ) .	Our model can be applied to layered Mott insulators A $ _2 $ IrO $ _3 $ ( A=Li , Na ) .
+3	I claim that the former is ill-defined , and the latter is only plausible with respect to a metaphysical interpretation of laws of nature .	I analyze the meaning of mass in Newtonian mechanics .	First , I explain the notion of primitive ontology , which was originally introduced in the philosophy of quantum mechanics .	Then I examine the two common interpretations of mass : mass as a measure of the quantity of matter and mass as a dynamical property .	I explore the following options for the status of laws : Humeanism , primitivism about laws , dispositionalism , and ontic structural realism .
+4	When the spin resolution of $ \ec $ into $ \uu $ , $ \dd $ , and $ \ud $ contributions is known , as it is in the high- and low-density limits , our formulas also yield the spin resolution of $ g_ { xc } $ .	We construct analytic formulas that represent the coupling-constant-averaged pair distribution function $ \gxcav ( r_s , \zeta , k_Fu ) $ of a uniform electron gas with density parameter $ r_s = ( 9\pi/4 ) ^ { 1/3 } /k_F $ and relative spin polarization $ \zeta $ over the whole range $ 0 & lt ; r_s & lt ; \infty $ and $ -1 & lt ; \zeta & lt ; 1 $ , with energetically-unimportant long range ( $ u\to \infty $ ) oscillations averaged out .	The pair distribution function $ g_ { xc } $ at the physical coupling constant is then given by differentiation with respect to $ r_s $ .	Our formulas are constructed using { \em only } known theoretical constraints plus the correlation energy $ \ec ( r_s , \zeta ) $ , and accurately reproduce the $ g_ { xc } $ of the Quantum Monte Carlo method and of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem with the Richardson-Ashcroft dynamical local-field factor .	Our $ g_ { xc } $ seems to be correct even in the high-density ( $ r_s\to 0 $ ) and low-density ( $ r_s \to \infty $ ) limits .
+1	This paper is concerned with the behaviour of the distributions of the overshoot and undershoots of a high level , for a L\ ' { e } vy process which drifts to $ -\infty $ and satisfies a Cram\'er or a convolution equivalent condition .	Recent models of the insurance risk process use a L\'evy process to generalise the traditional Cram\'er-Lundberg compound Poisson model .	We derive these asymptotics under minimal conditions in the Cram\'er case , and compare them with known results for the convolution equivalent case , drawing attention to the striking and unexpected fact that they become identical when certain parameters tend to equality .	Thus , at least regarding these quantities , the `` medium-heavy '' tailed convolution equivalent model segues into the `` light-tailed '' Cram\'er model in a natural way .	This suggests a usefully expanded flexibility for modelling the insurance risk process .
+2	The underlying infrared spectrum of the source , as observed during radio and X-ray quiescence and small flaring states , is one of broad , weak HeII and NV emission .	We present four epochs of high-resolution infrared spectroscopy of the peculiar X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 .	The observations cover quiescent , small flaring and outburst states of the system as defined by radio and X-ray monitoring .	Spectral variability in this state is dominated by modulation at the 4.8 hr orbital period of the system .	H-band spectra confirm the significant hydrogen depletion of the mass donor .
+3	studied Bolt 's performance and predicted that Bolt could have run about one-tenth of a second faster , which was confirmed in Berlin .	At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , Usain Bolt broke the world record for the 100 m sprint .	Just one year later , at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin he broke it again .	A few months after Beijing , Eriksen et al .	In this paper we extend the analysis of Eriksen et al .
+1	Here we use a variant of the Vicsek model that includes pairwise repulsive interactions .	One standard approach to describe the collective behaviour of self-propelled particles is the Vicsek model : point-like self-propelled particles tend to align their migration directions to the ones of their nearer neighbours at each time-step .	Confining the system between parallel walls can qualitatively change its appearance : a laning state can emerge that is different from the ones previously reported .	All lanes show on average the same migration direction of the contained particles with a finite separation distance between the lanes .	Furthermore , in certain parameter ranges we observe collectively migrating clusters that arrange in an approximately hexagonal way .
+0	We study the Loschmidt echo ( LE ) in a central spin model in which a central spin is globally coupled to an environment ( E ) which is subjected to a small and sudden quench at $ t=0 $ so that its state at $ t=0^+ $ , remains the same as the ground state of the initial environmental Hamiltonian before the quench ; this leads to a non-equilibrium situation .	This state now evolves with two Hamiltonians , the final Hamiltonian following the quench and its modified version which incorporates an additional term arising due to the coupling of the central spin to the environment .	Using a generic short-time scaling of the decay rate , we establish that in the early time limit , the rate of decay of the LE ( or the overlap between two states generated from the initial state evolving through two channels ) close to the quantum critical point ( QCP ) of E is independent of the quenching .	We do also study the temporal evolution of the LE and establish the presence of a crossover to a situation where the quenching becomes irrelevant .	In the limit of large quench amplitude the non-equilibrium initial condition is found to result in a drastic increase in decoherence at large times , even far away from a QCP .
+1	We prescribe the cluster magnetic field ( CMF ) as a Gaussian random field with power law energy spectrum tuned to the expectation for Kolmogorov turbulence .	We present 3-D MHD and synthetic numerical simulations to follow the evolution of randomly magnetized intra-cluster medium plasma under the effects of powerful , light , hypersonic and bipolar jets .	We investigate the power of jets and the viewing angle used for the synthetic Rotation Measure ( RM ) observations .	We find the model radio sources introduce and amplify fluctuations on the RM statistical properties ; the average RM and the RM standard deviation are increased by the action of the jets .	This may lead to overestimations of the CMFs ' strength up to 70 % .
+2	As a result , the system is at least asymptotically localized , and perhaps even truly many body localized , depending on how certain rare regions behave .	I discuss whether localization in the two dimensional continuum can be stable in the presence of short range interactions .	I conclude that , for an impurity model of disorder , if the system is prepared below a critical temperature $ T & lt ; T_c $ , then perturbation theory about the localized phase converges almost everywhere .	Meanwhile , for $ T & gt ; T_c $ , perturbation theory fails to converge , which I interpret as interaction mediated delocalization .	I calculate the boundary of the region of perturbative stability of localization in the interaction strength - temperature plane .
+2	This was conjectured by T. Hodges in [ Ho ] .	The Hopf algebra generated by the l-functionals on the quantum double C_q [ G ] \bowtie C_q [ G ] is considered , where C_q [ G ] is the coordinate algebra of a standard quantum group and q is not a root of unity .	It is shown to be isomorphic to C_q [ G ] ^op \bowtie U_q ( g ) .	As an algebra it can be embedded into U_q ( g ) \otimes U_q ( g ) .	Here it is proven that there is no bialgebra structure on U_q ( g ) \otimes U_q ( g ) , for which this embedding becomes a homomorphism of bialgebras .
+0	Numerical results are presented indicating d_c=4 as the upper critical dimension for the Bak-Sneppen evolution model .	This finding agrees with previous theoretical arguments , but contradicts a recent Letter [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	80 , 5746-5749 ( 1998 ) ] that placed d_c as high as d=8 .	In particular , we find that avalanches are compact for all dimensions d & lt ; =4 , and are fractal for d & gt ; 4 .	Under those conditions , scaling arguments predict a d_c=4 , where hyperscaling relations hold for d & lt ; =4 .
+2	Our basic assumption is the existence of the maximal ultraviolet cutoff in a cutoff theory , and we require that the theory be so fine-tuned as to reach the maximal cutoff .	Unrenormalizable theories contain infinitely many free parameters .	Considering these theories in terms of the Wilsonian renormalization group ( RG ) , we suggest a method for removing this large ambiguity .	The theory so obtained behaves as a local continuum theory to the shortest distance .	In concrete examples of the scalar theory we find that at least in a certain approximation to the Wilsonian RG , this requirement enable us to make unique predictions in the infrared regime in terms of a finite number of independent parameters .
+3	The hidden fermions and the hidden Higgs are super-heavy , which mass values close to the GUT scale .	A toy model giving rise to long lived super heavy particles and an small vacuum density energy , of the order of the one measured in the present universe , is constructed .	This model consists in hidden sector invariant under an $ SU ( 2 ) _L $ gauge symmetry , whose masses are provided by the standard Higgs mechanism .	It is assumed that the standard model particles are also charged under this interaction .	In addition , there is an spontaneously broken U ( 1 ) chiral symmetry , giving rise to a pseudoscalar Goldstone boson which we refer as a `` hidden axion '' .
+0	The formation of Stationary Localized states due to a nonlinear dimeric impurity embedded in a perfect 1-d chain is studied here using the appropriate Discrete Nonlinear Schr $ \ddot { o } $ dinger Equation .	Furthermore , the nonlinearity has the form , $ \chi |C|^\sigma $ where $ C $ is the complex amplitude .	A proper ansatz for the Localized state is introduced in the appropriate Hamiltonian of the system to obtain the reduced effective Hamiltonian .	The Hamiltonian contains a parameter , $ \beta = \phi_1/\phi_0 $ which is the ratio of stationary amplitudes at impurity sites .	Relevant equations for Localized states are obtained from the fixed point of the reduced dynamical system .
+4	We relate Aretakis ' conserved quantities at the future horizon to the Newman-Penrose conserved quantities at future null infinity .	Aretakis has proved that a massless scalar field has an instability at the horizon of an extreme Reissner-Nordstr\ '' om black hole .	We show that a similar instability occurs also for a massive scalar field and for coupled linearized gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations .	We present numerical results for the late time behaviour of massless and massive scalar fields in the extreme RN background and show that instabilities are present for initial perturbations supported outside the horizon , e.g.\ an ingoing wavepacket .	For a massless scalar we show that the numerical results for the late time behaviour are reproduced by an analytic calculation in the near-horizon geometry .
+0	We find some constraints on the flavor changing vertices of the two Higgs doublet model , from the \Delta M_ { B_ { d } } measurement .	Although bounds from this observable have already been considered , this paper takes into account the role of a new operator not included previously , as well as the vertices \xi_ { bb } , \xi_ { tc } and \xi_ { sb } .	Using the Cheng-Sher parametrization , we found that for a relatively light charged Higgs boson ( 200-300 GeV ) , we get that \lambda _ { tt } & lt ; 1 , while the parameter \lambda_ { bb } could have values up to about 50 .	In addition , we use bounds for \lambda_ { tt } and \lambda_ { bb } obtained from B^ { 0 } - & gt ; X_ { s } \gamma at next to leading order , and studied the case where the only vanishing vertex factors are the ones involving quarks from the first family .	We obtained that \Delta M_ { B_ { d } } is not sensitive to the change of the parameter \lambda_ { sb } , while \lambda_ { tc } & lt ; 1
+4	We find that obscured radiation from stars is capable of powering the total dust emission from NGC6240 , although we can not rule out a contribution from a deeply embedded AGN visible only in X-rays .	We present a new multi-component spectral energy distribution ( SED ) decomposition method and use it to analyze the ultraviolet to millimeter wavelength SEDs of a sample of dusty infrared-luminous galaxies .	SEDs are constructed from spectroscopic and photometric data obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope , in conjunction with photometry from the literature .	Each SED is decomposed into emission from populations of stars , an AGN accretion disk , PAHs , atomic and molecular lines , and distributions of graphite and silicate grains .	Decompositions of the SEDs of the template starburst galaxies NGC7714 and NGC2623 and the template AGNs PG0804+761 and Mrk463 provide baseline properties to aid in quantifying the strength of star-formation and accretion in the composite systems NGC6240 and Mrk1014 .
+0	Absolute Parallelism ( AP ) has many interesting features : large symmetry group of equations ; field irreducibility with respect to this group ; vast list of consistent second order equations not restricted to Lagrangian ones .	There is the variant of AP which solutions are free of arising singularities if D=5 ; in this case AP acquires topological features of nonlinear sigma-model .	Starting with topological charge , one can also introduce the topological quasi-charge groups for field configurations having some symmetry .	For 4D , considering symmetrical equipped 0- ( sub ) manifolds in R^3 , we find QC-groups for some symmetries ( subsets of O_3 ) and describe their morphisms .	Differential 3-form of topological charge ( dual to topological current ) is derived , as well as O_3-quasi-charge 1-form .
+2	This concept provides quantitative explanation of the vibron softening , libron and roton spectra , and increase of the IR vibron oscillator strength in phase III .	We present a unified view of orientational ordering in phases I , II , and III of solid hydrogen .	Phases II and III are orientationally ordered , while the ordering objects in phase II are angular momenta of rotating molecules , and in phase III the molecules themselves .	The temperature dependence of the effective charge parallels the frequency shifts of the IR and Raman vibrons .	All three quantities are linear in the order parameter .
+2	It follows from them that magnetic moment couples to photons , and this coupling leads to bound particle-photon states with different energies for different orientations of magnetic moment .	Exact stationary solutions of the wave equation are obtained to describe the interaction between magnetic moment of elementary particle and circularly polarized photons .	The obtained solutions substantially modify the conventional model of field-matter interaction .	As a consequence , the interaction splits particle states differing by directions of total angular momentum .	Stationary spin splitting , induced by photons , and concomitant effects can be observed for particles exposed to a laser-generated circularly polarized electromagnetic wave .
+0	The dynamical evolution of nearly half of the known extrasolar planets in multiple-planet systems may be dominated by secular perturbations .	The commonly high eccentricities of the planetary orbits calls into question the utility of the traditional Laplace-Lagrange ( LL ) secular theory in analyses of the motion .	We analytically generalize this theory to fourth-order in the eccentricities , compare the result with the second-order theory and octupole-level theory , and apply these theories to the likely secularly-dominated HD 12661 , HD 168443 , HD 38529 and Ups And multi-planet systems .	The fourth-order scheme yields a multiply-branched criterion for maintaining apsidal libration , and implies that the apsidal rate of a small body is a function of its initial eccentricity , dependencies which are absent from the traditional theory .	Numerical results indicate that the primary difference the second and fourth-order theories reveal is an alteration in secular periodicities , and to a smaller extent amplitudes of the planetary eccentricity variation .
+4	Here we discuss the observed characteristics of the flip-flop phenomenon and present a dynamo solution to explain them .	In many active stars the spots concentrate on two permanent active longitudes which are 180 degrees apart .	In some of these stars the dominant part of the spot activity changes the longitude every few years .	This so-called flip-flop phenomenon has up to now been reported in 11 stars , both single and binary alike , and including also the Sun .	To explain this phenomenon , a non-axisymmetric dynamo mode , giving rise to two permanent active longitudes at opposite stellar hemispheres , is needed together with an oscillating axisymmetric magnetic field .
+2	Also , in their proposal the seeds of supermassive black holes ( SMBHs ) thus formed could give rise to the SMBHs observed at the center of many galaxies .	Recently Fuller & amp ; Shi proposed that the gravitational collapse of supermassive objects ( $ M \gtrsim 10^4M_\odot $ ) could be a cosmological source of $ \gamma $ -ray bursts ( GRBs ) .	The major advantage of their model is that supermassive object collapses are far more energetic than solar mass-scale compact mergers .	We argue here that , besides the generation of GRBs , there could well occur a strong generation of gravitational waves ( GWs ) during the formation of SMBHs .	As a result , the rate of such GW bursts could be as high as the rate of GRBs in the model by Fuller & amp ; Shi .
+1	A duality transformation is introduced to derive a new action from magnetic wormhole action of Gupta , Hughes , Preskill and Wise .	We consider wormhole solutions in $ 2+1 $ Euclidean dimensions .	The classical solution is presented .	The vertex operators corresponding to the wormhole are derived .	Conformally coupled scalars and spinors are considered in the wormhole background and the vertex operators are computed .
+3	The new scheme is investigated for various test problems from the literature and is also compared to a cell-centered finite volume scheme in terms of accuracy and time to solution .	In this paper we formulate and test numerically a fully-coupled discontinuous Galerkin ( DG ) method for incompressible two-phase flow with discontinuous capillary pressure .	The spatial discretization uses the symmetric interior penalty DG formulation with weighted averages and is based on a wetting-phase potential / capillary potential formulation of the two-phase flow system .	After discretizing in time with diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta schemes the resulting systems of nonlinear algebraic equations are solved with Newton 's method and the arising systems of linear equations are solved efficiently and in parallel with an algebraic multigrid method .	We find that the method is accurate , robust and efficient .
+4	We then investigate an inflationary mechanism using a representation cascade , whereby the transition from a reducible representation to the irrep drives inflation .	We investigate DBI inflation using $ N $ multiple branes and show how the configuration is equivalent to a single wrapped $ D5 $ -brane with flux .	We then show how 1/N corrections can be implemented , and we examine the sound speed and levels of non-Gaussianities in two distinct cases .	For models with constant warping we find that the non-Gaussian amplitude is bounded from above ( as a function of $ \gamma $ ) .	For $ AdS $ backgrounds we find that the signature is generally large and positive , although is no longer globally defined over the full phase space .
+3	Moreover , the 'contour-mode ' permits to move tip at a fixed relative tip-sample distance , exploiting at each step the previously-acquired topographic signal .	A home made DSP-controlled scanning probe microscope ( SPM ) system has been developed and its utilization as a tool for lithography on nanometer scale is reported .	User-friendly graphic interface allows to directly perform nanolithography importing a bitmap pattern on previously-imaged sample region , otherwise moving in real time the probe using an ordinary mouse , acting as a pantograph from macroscopic down to nanometer scale , taking advantage from an absolute-positioning stage .	Any measured property of the sample can be used by the lithographic interface to realize interactive patterning of the sample .	The instrument has been successfully employed in order to perform local anodic oxidation ( LAO ) lithography on semiconducting substrates .
+2	We find signatures of Alfven waves as small-scale line profile Doppler shifts and Stokes-V area asymmetry enhancements in the simulated off-disk centre observations .	Using numerical simulations of the magnetised solar photosphere carried out with the radiative magneto-hydrodynamic code , MURaM , and detailed spectro-polarimetric diagnostics of the simulated photospheric 6302A FeI line , spectro-polarimetric signatures of Alfven waves in magnetised intergranular lanes of the simulated solar photosphere were analysed at different positions at the solar disk .	The torsional Alfven waves in the intergranular lanes are horizontal plasma motions , which do not have a thermal perturbation counterpart .	These photospheric features disappear when the simulated observations are degraded with a telescope PSF similar to the one of Hinode .	We analyse the possibilities for direct observations and confirmation of Alfven wave presence in the solar photosphere .
+0	We consider the three-state toric homogeneous Markov chain model ( THMC ) without loops and initial parameters .	At time $ T $ , the size of the design matrix is $ 6 \times 3\cdot 2^ { T-1 } $ and the convex hull of its columns is the model polytope .	We study the behavior of this polytope for $ T\geq 3 $ and we show that it is defined by 24 facets for all $ T\ge 5 $ .	Moreover , we give a complete description of these facets .	From this , we deduce that the toric ideal associated with the design matrix is generated by binomials of degree at most 6 .
+3	The proposed model accounts for two important observational features .	Simultaneous modeling of the line and continuum emission from the nuclear region of the Circinus galaxy is presented .	Composite models which include the combined effect of shocks and photoionization from the active center and from the circumnuclear star forming region are considered .	The effects of dust reradiation , bremsstrahlung from the gas and synchrotron radiation are treated consistently .	First , the high obscuration of Circinus central source is produced by high velocity and dense clouds with characteristic high dust-to-gas ratios .
+0	This posting announces public availability of the GALAXY software package developed by the author over the past 40 years .	It is a highly efficient code for the evolution of ( almost ) isolated , collisionless stellar systems , both disk-like and ellipsoidal .	In addition to the N-body code galaxy , which offers eleven different methods to compute the gravitational accelerations , the package also includes sophisticated set-up and analysis software .	This paper gives an outline of the contents of the package and provides links to the source code and a comprehensive on-line manual .	While not as versatile as tree codes , the particle-mesh methods in this package are shown , for certain restricted applications , to be between 50 and 200 times faster than a widely-used tree code .
+1	The global dimension is defined as the square sum of quantum dimensions of simple objects , for the category of integrable modules over an affine Lie algebra at some level .	Global dimensions for fusion categories defined by a pair ( G , k ) , where G is a Lie group and k a positive integer , are expressed in terms of Lie quantum superfactorial functions .	The same quantities can also be defined from the theory of quantum groups at roots of unity or from conformal field theory WZW models .	Similar results are also presented for those associated module-categories that can be obtained via conformal embeddings ( they are `` quantum subgroups '' of a particular kind ) .	As a side result , we express the classical ( or quantum ) Weyl denominator of simple Lie groups in terms of products of classical ( or quantum ) factorials calculated for the exponents of the group .
+1	The perturbative procedure is based on the continuity condition and it shows that the coupling of the flow with the geometry of space-time brings about greater stability for the flow , to the extent that the amplitude of the perturbation , treated as a standing wave , decays in time , as opposed to the amplitude remaining constant in the Newtonian limit .	The stationary background flow in the spherically symmetric infall of a compressible fluid , coupled to the space-time defined by the static Schwarzschild metric , has been subjected to linearized perturbations .	In qualitative terms this situation simulates the effect of a dissipative mechanism in the classical Bondi accretion flow , defined in the Newtonian construct of space and time .	As a result of this approach it becomes impossible to define an acoustic metric for a conserved spherically symmetric flow , described within the framework of Schwarzschild geometry .	In keeping with this view , the perturbation , considered separately as a high-frequency travelling wave , also has its amplitude reduced .
+4	A second plasma lens section , with an additional current feed , follows the target .	The plasma lens concept is examined as an alternative to focusing horns and solenoids for a neutrino beam facility .	The concept is based on a combined high-current lens/target configuration .	Current is fed at an electrode located downstream from the beginning of the target where pion capturing is needed .	The current is carried by plasma outside the target .
+3	Inclusion of a sizeable long-range Coulomb ( LRC ) interaction frustrates the q=0 instabilities and supports the formation of incommensurate charge-density waves ( CDW ) .	We investigate the charge-instabilities of the Hubbard-Holstein model with two coupled layers .	In this system the scattering processes naturally separate into contributions which are either symmetric or antisymmetric combinations with respect to exchange of the layers .	It turns out that the short-range strong correlations suppress finite wave-vector nesting instabilities for both symmetries but favor the occurrence of phase separation in the symmetric channel .	Upon reducing doping from half-filling and for small electron-phonon coupling g the CDW instability first occurs in the antisymmetric channel but both instability lines merge with increasing g. While LRC forces always suppress the phase separation instability in the symmetric channel , the CDW period in the antisymmetric sector tends to infinity ( q_c - & gt ; 0 ) for sufficiently small Coulomb interaction .
+0	We study a one dimensional model for two-phase flows in heterogeneous media , in which the capillary pressure functions can be discontinuous with respect to space .	We first give a model , leading to a system of degenerated non-linear parabolic equations spatially coupled by non linear transmission conditions .	We approximate the solution of our problem thanks to a monotonous finite volume scheme .	The convergence of the underlying discrete solution to a weak solution when the discretization step tends to 0 is then proven .	We also show , under assumptions on the initial data , a uniform estimate on the flux , which is then used during the uniqueness proof .
+2	Small pacing regions lead to stationary conduction blocks while larger pacing regions can lead to conduction blocks that travel periodically towards the pacing region .	We study numerically the dynamics of conduction blocks using a detailed electrophysiological model .	We find that this dynamics depends critically on the size of the paced region .	We show that this size-dependence dynamics can lead to a novel arrhythmogenic mechanism .	Furthermore , we show that the essential phenomena can be captured in a much simpler coupled-map model .
+0	We present a systematic study of the leading twist structure functions of the deuteron , F_2^D , b_ { 1,2 } ^D and g_1^D in a fully relativistic approach .	Our study is based on a realistic Bethe-Salpeter amplitude for the deuteron , which is obtained as a solution to the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation with a realistic NN kernel .	Particular effort is made to connect the structure functions to the densities of the appropriate charges and currents .	This allows for a systematic comparison between the relativistic and nonrelativistic calculations , by analysing the same densities in both approaches .	Thus , the sources of the relativistic effects in the structure functions are understood and clearly distinguished from variations caused by the differences in the model parameters .
+3	We find that at least one of the three production cross sections is not smaller than 16 fb , 4 fb , and 1 fb for $ { \sqrt s } = 500 $ GeV , 1000 GeV , and 2000 GeV , respectively .	We analyze the possibility of detecting one of the three scalar Higgs bosons in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model at the future $ e^+e^- $ linear collider , by examining their productions via the Higgsstrahlung process .	The production cross sections of the three scalar Higgs bosons in $ e^+e^- $ collisions are evaluated for the proposed c.m .	energies of the future $ e^+e^- $ colliders , for the whole space of relevant parameters .	Those numbers indicate that at least one of the three scalar Higgs bosons in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model may be detected at the future $ e^+e^- $ linear colliders via the Higgsstrahlung process .
+2	Nevertheless they are the galaxy type most sensitive to environmental in uences and their division into multiple types with various properties have invoked the picture of their variant morphological transformations .	Dwarf galaxies ( DGs ) serve as extremely challenging objects in extragalactic astrophysics .	Their origin is expected to be set as the first units in CDM cosmology .	Detailed observations reveal characteristics which allow to deduce the evolutionary paths and to witness how the environment has a ? ected the evolution .	Here we refer to general morphological DG types and review some general processes , most of which deplete gas-rich irregular DGs .
+1	Semi classical limits of the quantum theory are presented .	The viscosity of hadronic matter is studied using a classical evaluation of the scattering angle and a quantum mechanical discussion based on phase shifts from a potential .	A hard sphere and an attractive square well potential step are each considered as well as the combined effects of both .	The lowest classical value of the viscosity for an attractive potential is shown to be a hard sphere limit .	The high wave number-short wavelength limits of the quantum result have scaling laws associated with it for both the viscosity and entropy .
+3	Our results imply that there is an algorithm that finds all stable models of a program with n clauses after considering the search space of size O ( 3^ { n/3 } ) in the worst case .	We study the following problem : given a class of logic programs C , determine the maximum number of stable models of a program from C. We establish the maximum for the class of all logic programs with at most n clauses , and for the class of all logic programs of size at most n. We also characterize the programs for which the maxima are attained .	We obtain similar results for the class of all disjunctive logic programs with at most n clauses , each of length at most m , and for the class of all disjunctive logic programs of size at most n. Our results on logic programs have direct implication for the design of algorithms to compute stable models .	Several such algorithms , similar in spirit to the Davis-Putnam procedure , are described in the paper .	Our results also provide some insights into the question of representability of families of sets as families of stable models of logic programs .
+2	In the context of classical diffusion , we obtain an expression for the mean first passage time and show that this quantity changes when the direction of the sawtooth is reversed or , equivalently , when the reflecting and absorbing boundaries are exchanged .	Motivated by experiments in which single-stranded DNA with a short hairpin loop at one end undergoes unforced diffusion through a narrow pore , we study the first passage times for a particle , executing one-dimensional brownian motion in an asymmetric sawtooth potential , to exit one of the boundaries .	We consider the first passage times for the case of classical diffusion , characterized by a mean-square displacement of the form $ & lt ; ( \Delta x ) ^2 & gt ; \sim t $ , and for the case of anomalous diffusion or subdiffusion , characterized by a mean-square displacement of the form $ & lt ; ( \Delta x ) ^2 & gt ; \sim t^ { \gamma } $ with $ 0 & lt ; \gamma & lt ; 1 $ .	We discuss at which numbers of `teeth ' $ N $ ( or number of DNA nucleotides ) and at which heights of the sawtooth potential this difference becomes significant .	For large $ N $ , it is well known that the mean first passage time scales as $ N^2 $ .
+0	[ Abridged ] We use new HST and archived images to clarify the nature of the knots in the Helix Nebula .	We employ published far infrared spectrophotometry and existing 2.12 micron images to establish that the population distribution of the lowest ro-vibrational states of H2 is close to the distribution of a gas in LTE at 988 +- 119 K. We derive a total flux from the nebula in H2 lines and compare this with the power available from the central star for producing this radiation .	We establish that neither soft X-rays nor FUV radiation has enough energy to power the H2 radiation , only the stellar EUV radiation shortward of 912 Angstrom does .	Advection of material from the cold regions of the knots produces an extensive zone where both atomic and molecular hydrogen are found , allowing the H2 to directly be heated by Lyman continuum radiation , thus providing a mechanism that can explain the excitation temperature and surface brightness of the cusps and tails .	New images of the knot 378-801 reveal that the 2.12 micron cusp and tail lie immediately inside the ionized atomic gas zone .
+0	We present photometry and spectroscopy of the Type IIn supernova ( SN ) 2011ht , identified previously as a SN impostor .	The light curve exhibits an abrupt transition from a well-defined ~120 day plateau to a steep bolometric decline .	Leading up to peak brightness , a hot emission-line spectrum exhibits signs of interaction with circumstellar material ( CSM ) , in the form of relatively narrow P-Cygni features of H I and He I superimposed on broad Lorentzian wings .	For the remainder of the plateau phase the spectrum exhibits strengthening P-Cygni profiles of Fe II , Ca II , and H-alpha .	By day 147 , after the plateau has ended , the SN entered the nebular phase , heralded by the appearance of forbidden transitions of [ O I ] , [ O II ] , and [ Ca II ] over a weak continuum .
+3	In an extreme case of the flat original spacetime the matter is `` created '' due to work done by the conformal transformation to bend the spacetime which was originally flat .	Conformal transformations are frequently used tools in order to study relations between various theories of gravity and the Einstein relativity .	In this paper we discuss the rules of these transformations for geometric quantities as well as for the matter energy-momentum tensor .	We show the subtlety of the matter energy-momentum conservation law which refers to the fact that the conformal transformation `` creates '' an extra matter term composed of the conformal factor which enters the conservation law .	We discuss how to construct the conformally invariant gravity theories and also find the conformal transformation rules for the curvature invariants $ R^2 $ , $ R_ { ab } R^ { ab } $ , $ R_ { abcd } R^ { abcd } $ and the Gauss-Bonnet invariant in a spacetime of an arbitrary dimension .
+2	Purpose : We discuss the nuclear giant dipole resonance ( GDR ) in heavy rare-earth isotopes , for which the conventional matrix diagonalization of the QRPA is numerically demanding .	Background : The quasiparticle random phase approximation ( QRPA ) , within the framework of the nuclear density functional theory ( DFT ) , has been a standard tool to access the collective excitations of the atomic nuclei .	Recently , finite amplitude method ( FAM ) has been developed , in order to perform the QRPA calculations efficiently without any truncation on the two-quasiparticle model space .	A role of the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn ( TRK ) sum rule enhancement factor , connected to the isovector effective mass , is also investigated .	Methods : The electric dipole photoabsorption cross section was calculated within a parallelized FAM-QRPA scheme .
+0	We present a detailed analysis of 17,852 quiescent , Luminous Red Galaxies ( LRGs ) selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) Data Release Seven ( DR7 ) spanning a redshift range of 0.0 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.4 .	These galaxies are co-added into four equal bins of velocity dispersion and luminosity to produce high signal-to-noise spectra ( & gt ; 100A^ { -1 } ) , thus facilitating accurate measurements of the standard Lick absorption-line indices .	In particular , we have carefully corrected and calibrated these indices onto the commonly used Lick/IDS system , thus allowing us to compare these data with other measurements in the literature , and derive realistic ages , metallicities ( [ Z/H ] ) and alpha-element abundance ratios ( [ alpha/Fe ] ) for these galaxies using Simple Stellar Population ( SSP ) models .	We use these data to study the relationship of these galaxy parameters with redshift , and find little evidence for evolution in metallicity or alpha-elements ( especially for our intermediate mass samples ) .	This demonstrates that our subsamples are consistent with pure passive evolving ( i.e.no chemical evolution ) and represent a homogeneous population over this redshift range .
+2	They should also generate significant gravitational effects .	We consider and review the emergence of singular energy densities and field fluctuations at sharp boundaries or point-like field sources in the vacuum .	The presence of singular energy densities of a field may be relevant from a conceptual point of view , because they contribute to the self-energy of the system .	We first consider the case of the interface between a metallic boundary and the vacuum , and obtain the structure of the singular electric and magnetic energy densities at the interface through an appropriate limit from a dielectric to an ideal conductor .	Then , we consider the case of a point-like source of the electromagnetic field , and show that also in this case the electric and magnetic energy densities show a singular structure at the source position .
+1	These are the first spectroscopic abundance measurements of intermediate-age and old field stars in the high surface brightness heart of the LMC .	We report metallicities and radial velocities derived from spectra at the near-infrared calcium triplet for 373 red giants in a 200 square arcminute area at the optical center of the LMC bar .	The metallicity distribution is sharply peaked at the median value [ Fe/H ] = -0.40 , with a small tail of stars extending down to [ Fe/H ] & lt ; = -2.1 ; 10 % of the red giants are observed to have [ Fe/H ] & lt ; = -0.7 .	The relative lack of metal-poor stars indicates that the LMC has a `` G dwarf '' problem , similar to the Milky Way .	The abundance distribution can be closely approximated by two Gaussians containing 89 % and 11 % of the stars , respectively : the first component is centered at [ Fe/H ] = -0.37 with standard deviation = 0.15 , and the second at [ Fe/H ] = -1.08 with standard deviation = 0.46 .
+4	The velocity fields are computed using custom IDL routines designed for an optimal use of the data .	This is the second part of an H-alpha kinematics follow-up survey of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey ( SINGS ) sample .	The aim of this program is to shed new light on the role of baryons and their kinematics and on the dark/luminous matter relation in the star forming regions of galaxies , in relation with studies at other wavelengths .	The data for 37 galaxies are presented .	The observations were made using Fabry-Perot interferometry with the photon-counting camera FaNTOmM on 4 different telescopes , namely the Canada-France-Hawaii 3.6m , the ESO La Silla 3.6m , the William Herschel 4.2m , and the Observatoire du mont Megantic 1.6m telescopes .
+2	The insightful work of Ceperley in constructing fermionic path integrals in terms of constrained world-lines is then reviewed .	The fermion sign problem is studied in the path integral formalism .	The standard picture of Fermi liquids is first critically analyzed , pointing out some of its rather peculiar properties .	In this representation , the minus signs associated with Fermi-Dirac statistics are self consistently translated into a geometrical constraint structure ( the { \em nodal hypersurface } ) acting on an effective bosonic dynamics .	As an illustrative example we use this formalism to study 1+1-dimensional systems , where statistics are irrelevant , and hence the sign problem can be circumvented .
+3	Due to the non-holomorphic nature of the tachyon perturbations , the transcendental equations which we derive for the string susceptibility are manifestly non-holomorphic .	We study d=2 0A string theory perturbed by tachyon momentum modes in backgrounds with non-trivial tachyon condensate and Ramond-Ramond ( RR ) flux .	In the matrix model description , we uncover a complexified Toda lattice hierarchy constrained by a pair of novel holomorphic string equations .	We solve these constraints in the classical limit for general RR flux and tachyon condensate .	We explore the phase structure and critical behavior of the theory .
+2	Below 8~K , prominent ferromagnetic hysteresis with metamagnetic `` steps '' and significant coercive field , $ H_c \approx $ 10~kOe are observed in this compound which has a $ T_c \approx $ 75~K .	Exchange bias effect in the ferromagnetic double perovskite compound Y $ _2 $ CoMnO $ _6 $ , which is also a multiferroic , is reported .	The exchange bias , observed below 8~K , is explained as arising due to the interface effect between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic clusters created by { \it antisite } disorder in this material .	A model based on growth of ferromagnetic domains overcoming the elastic energy of structurally pinned magnetic interfaces , which closely resembles martensitic-like transitions , is adapted to explain the observed effects .	The role of { \it antisite } disorder in creating the domain structure leading to exchange bias effect is highlighted in the present work .
+2	One of three sterile neutrinos , effective in the Majorana righthanded and Dirac parts of the proposed mixing matrix , is responsible for the possible LSND effect by inducing one of three extra neutrino mass states to exist actively .	A form of mixing matrix for three active and three sterile , conventional Majorana neutrinos is proposed .	Its Majorana lefthanded part arises from the popular bimaximal mixing matrix for three active neutrinos that works satisfactorily in solar and atmospheric experiments if the LSND effect is ignored .	The corresponding form of neutrino mass matrix is derived .	Also , the respective neutrino oscillation probabilities are calculated .
+1	The model can be also seen as an extremely simply example of interconnected networks .	Classical blockmodel is known as the simplest among models of networks with community structure .	For this reason , it is surprising that the percolation transition in the classical blockmodel has not been examined so far , although the phenomenon has been studied in a variety of much more complicated models of interconnected and multiplex networks .	In this paper we derive the self-consistent equation for the size the global percolation cluster in the classical blockmodel .	We also find the condition for percolation threshold which characterizes the emergence of the giant component .
+0	We report a photoluminescence ( PL ) and transient reflection spectroscopy study of exciton dynamics in monolayer transition transition-metal dichalcogenides ( TMDs ) .	PL saturation in monolayer MoSe2 occurs an excitation intensity more than two orders of magnitude lower than in monolayer MoS2 .	Transient reflection shows that the nonlinear exciton-exciton annihilation is the dominant exciton decay process in monolayer MoSe2 in contrast to the previously reported linear exciton decay in monolayer MoS2 .	In addition , the exciton lifetime in MoSe2 , & gt ; 125 ps , is more than an order of magnitude longer than the several-ps exciton lifetime in MoS2 .	We find that the dramatically different exciton decay mechanism and PL saturation behavior of MoSe2 and MoS2 monolayers can be explained by the difference in their exciton lifetime .
+1	To get labels for these samples , the active learner has to ask an oracle ( e.g. , a human expert ) for labels .	Active learning ( AL ) is a learning paradigm where an active learner has to train a model ( e.g. , a classifier ) which is in principal trained in a supervised way , but in AL it has to be done by means of a data set with initially unlabeled samples .	The goal is to maximize the performance of the model and to minimize the number of queries at the same time .	In this article , we first briefly discuss the state of the art and own , preliminary work in the field of AL .	Then , we propose the concept of collaborative active learning ( CAL ) .
+0	Let $ { \mathcal X } $ be an RD-space with $ \mu ( { \mathcal X } ) =\infty $ , which means that $ { \mathcal X } $ is a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss and its measure has the reverse doubling property .	In this paper , we characterize the atomic Hardy spaces $ H^p_ { \rm at } ( \ { \mathcal X } ) $ of Coifman and Weiss for $ p\in ( n/ ( n+1 ) ,1 ] $ via the radial maximal function , where $ n $ is the `` dimension '' of $ { \mathcal X } $ , and the range of index $ p $ is the best possible .	This completely answers the question proposed by Ronald R. Coifman and Guido Weiss in 1977 in this setting , and improves on a deep result of Uchiyama in 1980 on an Ahlfors 1-regular space and a recent result of Loukas Grafakos et al in this setting .	Moreover , we obtain a maximal function theory of localized Hardy spaces in the sense of Goldberg on RD-spaces by generalizing the above result to localized Hardy spaces and establishing the links between Hardy spaces and localized Hardy spaces .	These results have a wide range of applications .
+1	We show that although the photometric quality of the CSS data , compared to the dense data , is significantly worse , it is in principle possible that these data are for some asteroids with high lightcurve amplitudes sufficient for a unique shape determination .	We investigate the potential of the sparse data produced by the Catalina Sky Survey astrometric project ( CSS for short ) in asteroid shape and rotational state determination by the lightcurve inversion method .	CSS data are available for $ \sim $ 180 asteroids for which shape models were previously derived from different photometric data sets .	For 13 asteroids from this sample , we derive their unique shape models based only on CSS data , compare the two independent shape models together and discuss the reliability of models derived from only CSS data .	We also use CSS data to determine shape models for asteroids with already known rotational period values , derive 12 unique models and compare previously published periods with periods determined from the full 3D modeling by the lightcurve inversion method .
+3	In this paper we describe the results and analysis of the tests on the LFI flight model ( FM ) performed at Thales Laboratories in Milan ( Italy ) during 2006 , with the purpose of experimentally sampling the thermal transfer functions and consequently validating the numerical thermal model describing the dynamic response of the LFI focal plane .	The Low Frequency Instrument ( LFI ) is an array of cryogenically cooled radiometers on board the Planck satellite , designed to measure the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave backgrond ( CMB ) at 30 , 44 and 70 GHz .	The thermal requirements of the LFI , and in particular the stringent limits to acceptable thermal fluctuations in the 20 K focal plane , are a critical element to achieve the instrument scientific performance .	Thermal tests were carried out as part of the on-ground calibration campaign at various stages of instrument integration .	This model has been used extensively to assess the ability of LFI to achieve its scientific goals : its validation is therefore extremely important in the context of the Planck mission .
+4	As a consequence , at such fillings a direct transition between the Mott-insulator and the superfluid in the presence of disorder can not be excluded on the basis of a one-loop calculation .	We study the weakly disordered Bose-Hubbard model on a cubic lattice through a one-loop renormalization group analysis of the corresponding effective field theory which is explicitly derived by combining a strong-coupling expansion with a replica average over the disorder .	The method is applied not only to generic uncorrelated on-site disorder but also to simultaneous hopping disorder correlated with the differences of adjacent disorder potentials .	Such correlations are inherent in fine-grained optical speckle potentials used as a source of disorder in optical lattice experiments .	As a result of strong coupling , the strength of the replica mixing disorder vertex , responsible for the emergence of a Bose glass , crucially depends on the chemical potential and the Hubbard repulsion and vanishes to leading order in the disorder at commensurate boson fillings .
+0	By using the recent nonperturbative equation of state of the quark gluon plasma derived in the formalism of the Field Correlator Method , we investigate the bulk properties of the strange quark matter in beta-equilibrium and with charge neutrality at T=p=0 .	The results show that the stability of strange quark matter with respect to $ ^ { 56 } Fe $ is strongly dependent on the model parameters , namely , the gluon condensate $ G_2 $ and the q $ \bar { \rm q } $ interaction potential $ V_1 $ .	A remarkable result is that the width of the stability window decreases as $ V_1 $ increases , being maximum at $ V_1=0 $ and nearly zero at $ V_1=0.5 $ GeV .	For $ V_1 $ in the range $ 0\leq V_1\leq0.5 $ GeV , all values of $ G_2 $ are lower than $ 0.006-0.007\ ; { \rm GeV } ^4 $ obtained from comparison with lattice results at $ T_c\ ; ( \mu=0 ) \sim170 $ MeV .	These results do not favor the possibilities for the existence of ( either nonnegative or negative ) absolutely stable strange quark matter .
+3	These effects are investigated with the ab initio quantum transport code SMEAGOL , combining non-equilibrium Green 's functions formalism with density functional theory .	Simulations of scanning tunneling microscopy measurements for molecules on surfaces are traditionally based on a perturbative approach , most typically employing the Tersoff-Hamann method .	This assumes that the STM tip is far from the sample so that the two do not interact with each other .	However , when the tip gets close to the molecule to perform measurements , the electrostatic interplay between the tip and substrate may generate non-trivial potential distribution , charge transfer and forces , all of which may alter the electronic and physical structure of the molecule .	In particular , we investigate alkanethiol molecules terminated with either CH3 or CF3 end-groups on gold surfaces , for which recent experimental data are available .
+1	The equation of state for electrons follows from a local Fermi-Dirac distribution function and apply equally well both to fully degenerate or classical , non-degenerate limits .	Linear and nonlinear ion-acoustic waves are studied in a fluid model for non-relativistic , unmagnetized quantum plasma with electrons with an arbitrary degeneracy degree .	Ions are assumed to be cold .	Quantum diffraction effects through the Bohm potential are also taken into account .	A general coupling parameter valid for dilute and dense plasmas is proposed .
+3	Such a subspace as defined in this paper contains nearly the whole spectral weight of the excitations generated by application onto the zero-spin-density ground state of one- and two-electron operators .	In this paper a description of the Hubbard model on the square lattice with nearest-neighbor transfer integral $ t $ , on-site repulsion $ U $ , and $ N_a^2\gg 1 $ sites consistent with its exact global $ SO ( 3 ) \times SO ( 3 ) \times U ( 1 ) $ symmetry is constructed .	Our studies profit from the interplay of that recently found global symmetry of the model on any bipartite lattice with the transformation laws under a suitable electron - rotated-electron unitary transformation of a well-defined set of operators and quantum objects .	For $ U/4t & gt ; 0 $ the occupancy configurations of these objects generate the energy eigenstates that span the one- and two-electron subspace .	Our description involves three basic objects : charge $ c $ fermions , spin-1/2 spinons , and $ \eta $ -spin-1/2 $ \eta $ -spinons .
+0	This paper combines algebraic and Lagrangian geometry to construct a special basis in every space of conformal blocks , the Bohr-Sommerfeld ( BS ) basis .	We use the method of [ D. Borthwick , T. Paul and A. Uribe , Legendrian distributions with applications to the non-vanishing of Poincar\'e series of large weight , Invent .	math , 122 ( 1995 ) , 359-402 , preprint hep-th/9406036 ] , whereby every vector of a BS basis is defined by some half-weighted Legendrian distribution coming from a Bohr-Sommerfeld fibre of a real polarization of the underlying symplectic manifold .	The advantage of BS bases ( compared to bases of theta functions in [ A. Tyurin , Quantization and `` theta functions '' , Jussieu preprint 216 ( Apr 1999 ) , e-print math.AG/9904046 , 32pp . ] )	is that we can use information from the skillful analysis of the asymptotics of quantum states .
+2	B 91 , 125136 ( 2015 ) ) in an expansion in $ \epsilon = 3-d $ .	The hyperscaling property implies that spatially isotropic critical quantum states in $ d $ spatial dimensions have a specific heat which scales with temperature as $ T^ { d/z } $ , and an optical conductivity which scales with frequency as $ \omega^ { ( d-2 ) /z } $ for $ \omega \gg T $ , where $ z $ is the dynamic critical exponent .	We examine the spin-density-wave critical fixed point of metals in $ d=2 $ found by Sur and Lee ( Phys.Rev .	We find that the contributions of the `` hot spots '' on the Fermi surface to the optical conductivity and specific heat obey hyperscaling ( up to logarithms ) , and agree with the results of the large $ N $ analysis of the optical conductivity by Hartnoll et al . ( Phys.Rev .	B 84 , 125115 ( 2011 ) ) .
+3	It is very interesting to note that we found a uniform Al abundance , & lt ; [ Al/Fe ] & gt ; =+0.32 +/- 0.14 dex , for all the 18 SGB-a stars analysed here , thus supporting past evidence that the usual ( anti- ) correlations are not present in this population , and suggesting a non globular cluster-like origin of this particular population .	We analyze spectra of 18 stars belonging to the faintest subgiant branch in omega Centauri ( the SGB-a ) , obtained with GIRAFFE @ VLT at a resolution o R~17000 and a S/N ratio between 25 and 50 .	We measure abundances of Al , Ba , Ca , Fe , Ni , Si , and Ti and we find that these stars have & lt ; [ Fe/H ] & gt ; =-0.73 +/- 0.14 dex , similarly to the corresponding red giant branch population ( the RGB-a ) .	We also measure & lt ; [ alpha/Fe ] & gt ; =+0.40 +/- 0.16 dex , and & lt ; [ Ba/Fe ] & gt ; =+0.87 +/- 0.23 dex , in general agreement with past studies .	In the dwarf galaxy hypothesis for the formation of omega Cen , this population might be the best candidate for the field population of its putative parent galaxy , although some of its properties appear contradictory .
+1	Here we propose a definition of voids that uses methods of discrete stochastic geometry , in particular , Delaunay and Voronoi tessellations , and we construct a new algorithm to search for voids in a point set .	Voids are a prominent feature of fractal point distributions but there is no precise definition of what is a void ( except in one dimension ) .	We find and rank-order the voids of suitable examples of fractal point sets in one and two dimensions to test whether Zipf 's power-law holds .	We conclude affirmatively and , furthermore , that the rank-ordering of voids conveys similar information to the number-radius function , as regards the scaling regime and the transition to homogeneity .	So it is an alternative tool in the analysis of fractal point distributions with crossover to homogeneity and , in particular , of the distribution of galaxies .
+3	Here we report a discovery that hole doping to PrBaCo2O5.5 melts the SSO in conjunction with an insulator-metal transition , which is in the same manner as the temperature-induced MIT .	Metal-insulator transition ( MIT ) is ubiquitous in condensed matter systems and has long been a subject of intense study in physics .	To understand MIT , which may arise from diverse microscopic origins , it is essential to determine the mechanism governing it .	The layered perovskite cobaltite RBaCo2O5.5 ( R : rare-earth elements or Yttrium ) exhibits an abrupt temperature-induced MIT and has been attributed to spin-state ordering ( SSO ) of Co3+ ions .	Therefore , we propose a unified mechanism that dominates the temperature- and hole-doping-induced MITs in the PrBaCo2O5.5+x system .
+4	I will review the theory of characteristics and bicharacteristics of PDEs , with a special emphasis on intrinsic aspects , i.e. , those aspects which are invariant under general changes of coordinates .	Many physical systems are described by partial differential equations ( PDEs ) .	Determinism then requires the Cauchy problem to be well-posed .	Even when the Cauchy problem is well-posed for generic Cauchy data , there may exist characteristic Cauchy data .	Characteristics of PDEs play an important role both in Mathematics and in Physics .
+3	Using realistic values for all parameters , we determine the minimum fitness advantage needed to maintain a binding sequence , demonstrating explicitly the `` error threshold '' below which a binding sequence can not survive the accumulated effect of mutation over long time .	The mutation and selection of regulatory DNA sequences is presented as an ideal model system of molecular evolution where genotype , phenotype , and fitness can be explicitly and independently characterized .	In this theoretical study , we construct an explicit model for the evolution of regulatory sequences , making use of the known biophysics of the binding of regulatory proteins to DNA sequences , under the assumption that fitness of a sequence depends only on its binding affinity to the regulatory protein .	The model is confined to the mean field ( i.e. , infinite population size ) limit .	The commonly observed `` fuzziness '' in binding motifs arises naturally as a consequence of the balance between selection and mutation in our model .
+1	Although this computational model has a similar structure to existing constraint programming models , it is not meant for solving constraint satisfaction problems but rather for the simulation of social systems and to continue to execute assigned processes .	In this paper , we propose a computational model for the direct execution of general specifications with multi-way constraints .	Because of this similar structure , it is applicable to the spectrum of the constraint solver , which is purple in this model .	Essentially , it is a technology that can speed up the construction of large-scale network systems .	This model can be efficiently executed to directly describe design content in a simple way .
+4	The sample size grows less than linearly with n .	Learning joint probability distributions on n random variables requires exponential sample size in the generic case .	Here we consider the case that a temporal ( or causal ) order of the variables is known and that the ( unknown ) graph of causal dependencies has bounded in-degree Delta .	Then the joint measure is uniquely determined by the probabilities of all ( 2 Delta+1 ) -tuples .	Upper bounds on the sample size required for estimating their probabilities can be given in terms of the VC-dimension of the set of corresponding cylinder sets .
+2	Such an operator is not generated at observable levels due to gauge or Higgs boson exchange in a minimal GUT .	The proton decay modes $ p\to K^0 e^+ $ and $ p\to K^0 \mu^+ $ may be visible in certain supersymmetric theories , and if seen would provide evidence for new flavor physics at extremely short distances .	These decay modes can arise from the dimension five operator $ ( Q_1Q_1Q_2L_ { 1,2 } ) $ , where $ Q_i $ and $ L_i $ are $ { i^ { th } } $ generation quark and lepton superfields respectively .	However in theories that explain the fermion mass hierarchy , it may be generated at the Planck scale with a strength such that the decays $ p\to K^0 \ell^+ $ are both compatible with the proton lifetime and visible at Super-Kamiokande .	Observable proton decay can even occur in theories without unification .
+0	We studied a novel family of paraxial laser beams forming an overcomplete yet nonorthogonal set of modes .	These modes have a singular phase profile and are eigenfunctions of the photon orbital angular momentum .	The intensity profile is characterized by a single brilliant ring with the singularity at its center , where the field amplitude vanishes .	The complex amplitude is proportional to the degenerate ( confluent ) hypergeometric function , and therefore we term such beams hypergeometric gaussian ( HyGG ) modes .	Unlike the recently introduced hypergeometric modes ( Opt.Lett .
+3	An example of such a vacuum contribution is the axial anomaly , which appears in the divergence of the flavor singlet axial current and which is connected to the topological properties of QCD .	Flavor singlet combinations of quark operators $ { \cal { O } } _S^ { \Gamma } = \bar { u } \Gamma u + \bar { d } \Gamma d + \bar { s } \Gamma s $ contribute to many important physical observables in the low energy region of QCD .	Experimentally one finds the values of some of these observables to be in sharp contrast to the naive ( perturbative ) theoretical expectations .	This indicates that non perturbative vacuum properties might play a major role in the comprehension of these phenomena .	From a field theoretical point of view flavor singlet matrix elements differ from non singlet amplitudes in the occurrence of so called disconnected insertions .
+0	We present results from a deep ( 1 sigma = 5.7 mJy beam^ { -1 } per 20.8 km s^ { -1 } velocity channel ) ^ { 12 } CO ( 1-0 ) interferometric observation of the central 60 '' region of the nearby edge-on starburst galaxy NGC 2146 observed with the Nobeyama Millimeter Array ( NMA ) .	Two diffuse expanding molecular superbubbles and one molecular outflow are successfully detected .	One molecular superbubble , with a size of ~1 kpc and an expansion velocity of ~50 km s^ { -1 } , is located below the galactic disk ; a second molecular superbubble , this time with a size of ~700 pc and an expansion velocity of ~35 km s^ { -1 } , is also seen in the position-velocity diagram ; the molecular outflow is located above the galactic disk with an extent ~2 kpc , expanding with a velocity of up to ~200 km s^ { -1 } .	The molecular outflow has an arc-like structure , and is located at the front edge of the soft X-ray outflow .	In addition , the kinetic energy ( ~3E55 erg ) and the pressure ( ~1 E-12 \pm 1 dyne cm ^ { -2 } ) of the molecular outflow is comparable to or smaller than that of the hot thermal plasma , suggesting that the hot plasma pushes the molecular gas out from the galactic disk .
+1	Unlike classical self-organized criticality , the variables that determine criticality are separated from the dynamical variables of the system and evolve on a slower timescale , resulting in robust criticality .	A minimal model for self-organized critical percolation on directed graphs with activating and de-activating links is studied .	While activity of nodes percolates across the network , the network self-organizes through local adjustment of links according to the criterion that a link 's adjacent nodes ' average activities become similar .	As a result , the network self-organizes to the percolation transition with activity avalanches propagating marginally across the graph .	No fine-tuning of parameters is needed .
+4	Within the proposed expansion , we show the conditions under which it is possible to obtain an exactly vanishing longitudinal self energy for any gauge parameter $ \xi $ in the background field case .	Gluon mass generation is investigated for 4-dimensional $ SU ( N ) $ Yang-Mills in conventional covariant and in background field gauges within an effective description that , through a parameterization , can be regarded as a massive gluon model , or as a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-like expansion around a massive leading order while preserving the Yang-Mills Lagrangian .	We employ a renormalization scheme that introduces the ratio of the gluon mass parameter $ m $ to the saturation value of the gluon propagator .	This , along with the mass $ m ( \mu ) $ and the strong coupling $ \alpha_s ( \mu ) $ , provided the fit parameters for comparison with $ SU ( 3 ) $ lattice results renormalized at the scale $ \mu $ .	We obtain two types of solutions with satisfactory fits .
+3	In the uncompactified theory , we compute the action of the symmetries on the tachyon field , and isolate the features that lead to nonlinear terms in this action .	A careful treatment of closed string BRST cohomology shows that there are more discrete states and associated symmetries in $ D=2 $ string theory than has been recognized hitherto .	The full structure , at the $ SU ( 2 ) $ radius , has a natural description in terms of abelian gauge theory on a certain three dimensional cone $ Q $ .	We describe precisely how symmetry currents are constructed from the discrete states , explaining the role of the `` descent equations . ''	The resulting symmetry structure is interpreted in terms of a homotopy Lie algebra .
+3	The value for the full $ \pi $ - $ N $ $ \sigma $ term $ \sigma=40-60 $ MeV is consistent with the experimental estimates .	We calculate both connected and disconnected contribution to the $ \pi $ - $ N $ $ \sigma $ -term in quenched lattice QCD with Wilson quark action on a $ 12^3\times 20 $ lattice at $ \beta=5.7 $ .	The latter is evaluated with the aid of the variant wall source method , which was previously applied successfully for extraction of $ \pi $ - $ \pi $ scattering lengths and $ \eta^\prime $ meson mass .	We found that the disconnected contribution is about twice larger than the connected one .	The nucleon matrix element of the strange quark density $ \bar s s $ is fairly large in our result .
+4	The use of polytropes as parent star models is likely to result in qualitatively mistaken results for the structure of the collision product .	We demonstrate the necessity of using realistic stellar models taken from stellar evolution codes , as opposed to polytropes , for starting models in smoothed particle hydrodynamics calculations of collisions between main sequence stars .	Evolved stars have mean molecular weight gradients , which affect their entropy profiles and therefore affect how they react during a collision .	The structure of stellar collision products of polytrope parent stars is significantly different from that of collision products of realistic parent models .	These differences strongly affect the future evolution of the collision products , particularly products of collisions between unequal mass stars which have undergone significant chemical evolution .
+3	To experience the full potential of these approaches , innovative development support tools and service provisioning environments are needed .	In conventional large-scale networks , creation and management of network services are costly and complex tasks that often consume a lot of resources , including time and manpower .	Network softwarization and network function virtualization have been introduced to tackle these problems .	They replace the hardware-based network service components and network control mechanisms with software components running on general-purpose hardware , aiming at decreasing costs and complexity of implementing new services , maintaining the implemented services , and managing available resources in service provisioning platforms and underlying infrastructures .	To answer these needs , we introduce the SONATA architecture , a service programming , orchestration , and management framework .
+0	We present the constraints on the cosmological parameters obtained with the $ E_ { \rm peak } $ -- $ E_ { \gamma } $ correlation found with the most recent sample of 19 GRBs with spectroscopically measured redshift and well determined prompt emission spectral and afterglow parameters .	We compare our results obtained in the two possible uniform jet scenarios , i.e.assuming a homogeneous density profile ( HM ) or a wind density profile ( WM ) for the circumburst medium .	Better constraints on $ \Omega_ { M } $ and $ \Omega_ { \Lambda } $ are obtained with the ( tighter ) $ E_ { \rm peak } $ -- $ E_ { \gamma } $ correlation derived in the wind density scenario .	We explore the improvements to the constraints of the cosmological parameters that could be reached with a large sample , $ \sim $ 150 GRBs , in the future .	We study the possibility to calibrate the slope of these correlations .
+3	This new mechanism is of no help to reconcile the discrepancy in b forward-backward asymmetry .	We find that , at order alpha_s , the partial width of Z^0 to heavy flavors receives a power correction from a novel QCD mechanism , which is not suppressed by inverse powers of M_Z , but only by two unknown O ( \lambdaqcd/m ) constants .	The hadronic W width also receives a similar correction .	These parameters may be fitted from the global electroweak analysis , and consequently the Standard Model predictions of various electroweak observables will be updated .	We also point out the implication of this mechanism to heavy flavor production in other collider experiments .
+0	We analyze the influence of errors on the implementation of the quantum Fourier transformation ( QFT ) on the Ising quantum computer ( IQC ) .	Two kinds of errors are studied : ( i ) due to spurious transitions caused by pulses and ( ii ) due to external perturbation .	The scaling of errors with system parameters and number of qubits is explained .	We use two different procedures to fight each of them .	To suppress spurious transitions we use correcting pulses ( generalized $ 2\pi k $ method ) while to suppress errors due to external perturbation we use an improved QFT algorithm .
+0	For more than 40 years , the Nuclear Energy Agency of the OECD countries and the International Atomic Energy Administration of the United Nations have published a biannual document with the title `` Uranium Resources , Production and Demand '' .	This book , known as the `` Red Book '' , summarizes data about the actual and near future nuclear energy situation and presents the accumulated worldwide knowledge about the existing and expected uranium resources .	These data are widely believed to provide an accurate and solid basis for future decisions about nuclear energy .	Unfortunately , as it is demonstrated in this paper , they do not .	The conventional worldwide uranium resources are estimated by the authors of the Red Book as 5.5 million tons .
+0	Node similarity is a fundamental problem in graph analytics .	However , node similarity between nodes in different graphs ( inter-graph nodes ) has not received a lot of attention yet .	The inter-graph node similarity is important in learning a new graph based on the knowledge of an existing graph ( transfer learning on graphs ) and has applications in biological , communication , and social networks .	In this paper , we propose a novel distance function for measuring inter-graph node similarity with edit distance , called NED .	In NED , two nodes are compared according to their local neighborhood structures which are represented as unordered k-adjacent trees , without relying on labels or other assumptions .
+4	We identify two reasons why rotating models at low Z produce primary $ ^ { 14 } $ N : 1 ) Since the stars lose less angular momentum , they rotate faster .	We investigate the role of stellar axial rotation on the nitrogen nucleosynthesis at low metallicities Z .	For this purpose , we have calculated models with initial masses between 2 and 60 M $ _\odot $ at Z=0.00001 from the zero age sequence to the phase of thermal pulses for models below or equal to 7 M $ _\odot $ , and up to the end of central C -- burning for the more massive stars .	The models include all the main physical effects of rotation .	We show that intermediate mass stars with rotation naturally reproduce the occurrence and amount of primary nitrogen in the early star generations in the Universe .
+0	In this article we classify normal forms and unfoldings of linear maps in eigenspaces of ( anti ) -automorphisms of order two .	Our main motivation is provided by applications to linear systems of ordinary differential equations , general and Hamiltonian , which have both time-preserving and time-reversing symmetries .	However the theory gives a uniform method to obtain normal forms and unfoldings for a wide variety of linear differential equations with additional structure .	We give several examples and include a discussion of the phenomenon of orbit splitting .	As a consequence of orbit splitting we observe passing and splitting of eigenvalues in unfoldings .
+0	We investigate the one-body dissipation dynamics in heavy-ion collisions of $ ^ { 16 } { \rm O } $ + $ ^ { 16 } { \rm O } $ using a fully three-dimensional time-dependent Hartree-Fock ( TDHF ) theory with the modern Skyrme energy functional and without any symmetry restrictions .	The energy dissipation is revealed to decrease in deep-inelastic collisions of the light systems as the bombarding energy increases owing to the competition between collective motion and single-particle degrees of freedom .	The role of spin-orbit force is given particular emphasis in deep-inelastic collisions .	The spin-orbit force causes a significant enhancement of the dissipation .	The time-even coupling of spin-orbit force plays a dominant role at low energies , while the influence of time-odd terms is notable at high energies .
+4	We derive accurate radial and rotational velocities and perform an automatic spectral classification .	During the course of a large spectroscopic survey of X-ray active late-type stars in the solar neighbourhood , we discovered four lithium-rich stars packed within just a few degrees on the sky .	These very young stars are projected several degrees away from the Cepheus-Cassiopea clouds , in front of an area void of interstellar matter .	As such , they are very good `` isolated '' T Tauri star candidates .	We acquired high-resolution optical spectra as well as photometric data allowing us to investigate in detail their nature and physical parameters with the aim of testing the `` runaway '' and `` in-situ '' formation scenarios .
+0	We show that nonlinear response of a quantum oscillator displays antiresonant dips and resonant peaks with varying frequency of the driving field .	The effect is a consequence of special symmetry and is related to resonant multiphoton mixing of several pairs of oscillator states at a time .	We also discuss escape from a metastable state of forced vibrations .	Two important examples show that the probability of escape via diffusion over quasienergy is larger than via dynamical tunneling provided the relaxation rate exceeds both of them .	Diffusion dominates even for zero temperature , so that escape occurs via quantum rather than thermal activation .
+3	The representation thus enables first-principles quantum dynamical or equilibrium calculations in many-body Fermi systems .	We introduce a positive phase-space representation for fermions , using the most general possible multi-mode Gaussian operator basis .	The representation generalizes previous bosonic quantum phase-space methods to Fermi systems .	We derive equivalences between quantum and stochastic moments , as well as operator correspondences that map quantum operator evolution onto stochastic processes in phase space .	Potential applications are to strongly interacting and correlated Fermi gases , including coherent behaviour in open systems and nanostructures described by master equations .
+1	In this paper , results from our study of non-linear effects in shock acceleration theory and their impact on the gamma-ray spectra of SNRs are presented .	Diffusive shock acceleration in the environs of a remnant 's expanding shell is a popular candidate for the origin of SNR gamma-rays .	These effects describe the dynamical influence of the accelerated cosmic rays on the shocked plasma at the same time as addressing how the non-uniformities in the fluid flow force the distribution of the cosmic rays to deviate from pure power-laws .	Such deviations are crucial to gamma-ray spectral determination .	Our self-consistent Monte Carlo approach to shock acceleration is used to predict ion and electron distributions that spawn neutral pion decay , bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton emission components for SNRs .
+4	We have also determined the $ q^2 $ dependence of the form factors , which we find to be reasonably well described by a simple pole-dominance model .	We present results of a lattice computation of the matrix elements of the vector and axial-vector currents which are relevant for the semi-leptonic decays $ D \rightarrow K $ and $ D \rightarrow K^* $ .	The computations are performed in the quenched approximation to lattice QCD on a $ 24^3 \times 48 $ lattice at $ \beta=6.2 $ , using an $ O ( a ) $ -improved fermionic action .	In the limit of zero lepton masses the semi-leptonic decays $ D \rightarrow K $ and $ D \rightarrow K^* $ are described by four form factors : $ f^ { + } _K , V , A_1 $ and $ A_2 $ , which are functions of $ q^2 $ , where $ q^ { \mu } $ is the four-momentum transferred in the process .	Our results for these form factors at $ q^2=0 $ are : $ f^+_K ( 0 ) =0.67 \er { 7 } { 8 } $ , $ V ( 0 ) =1.01 \err { 30 } { 13 } $ , $ A_1 ( 0 ) =0.70 \err { 7 } { 10 } $ , $ A_2 ( 0 ) =0.66 \err { 10 } { 15 } $ , which are consistent with the most recent experimental world average values .
+1	We found that in both cases the compressibility of the materials is highly non-isotropic , being the c-axis the most compressible one .	We studied the effects of high-pressure on the crystalline structure of bulk and nanocrystalline scheelite-type PbMoO4 .	We also observed that the volume compressibility of nanocrystals becomes higher that the bulk one at 5 GPa .	In addition , at 10.7 ( 8 ) GPa we observed the onset of an structural phase transition in bulk PbMoO4 .	The high-pressure phase has a monoclinic structure similar to M-fergusonite .
+2	Plutinos with eccentricities close to Pluto ( fractional eccentricity difference |e-e_p|/e_p & lt ; =0.1 ) can be stable because the longitude difference librates , in a manner similar to the tadpole and horseshoe libration in coorbital satellites .	Plutinos are Kuiper-belt objects that share the 3:2 Neptune resonance with Pluto .	The long-term stability of Plutino orbits depends on their eccentricity .	Plutinos with |e-e_p|/e_p & gt ; =0.3 can also be stable ; the longitude difference circulates and close encounters are possible , but the effects of Pluto are weak because the encounter velocity is high .	Orbits with intermediate eccentricity differences are likely to be unstable over the age of the solar system , in the sense that encounters with Pluto drive them out of the 3:2 Neptune resonance and thus into close encounters with Neptune .
+2	This is manifested by : 1 ) secular evolution of morphological types towards earlier types and 2 ) growth of diffuse emission .	The prototype compact group known as Stephan 's Quintet ( SQ ) was observed with XMM-Newton in order to complement the excellent resolution of Chandra with high sensitivity to extended emission .	SQ is a dynamic environment whose main effect , at both X-ray and optical wavelengths , appears to be ISM stripping .	Virtually all cold , warm and hot gas in SQ is found outside of the member galaxies .	XMM-Newton offers the opportunity to study the hot gas with unprecedented sensitivity .
+2	The resultant equation properly traces the footprint of the target eigenstate .	The adiabatic theorem addresses the dynamics of a target instantaneous eigenstate of a time-dependent Hamiltonian .	We use a Feshbach P-Q partitioning technique to derive a closed one-component integro-differential equation .	The physical significance of the derived dynamical equation is illustrated by both general analysis and concrete examples .	Surprisingly , we find an anomalous phenomenon showing that a dephasing white noise can enhance and even induce adiabaticity .
+0	The analysis of computer and communication networks gives rise to some interesting inverse problems .	This paper is concerned with active network tomography where the goal is to recover information about quality-of-service ( QoS ) parameters at the link level from aggregate data measured on end-to-end network paths .	The estimation and monitoring of QoS parameters , such as loss rates and delays , are of considerable interest to network engineers and Internet service providers .	The paper provides a review of the inverse problems and recent research on inference for loss rates and delay distributions .	Some new results on parametric inference for delay distributions are also developed .
+4	We suggest that the variation of the emission-line strength in active galaxies is regulated by L/L_ { Edd } because it governs the global distribution of the column density of the clouds gravitationally bound in the line-emitting region , as well as its overall gas supply .	We used a large , homogeneous sample of 4178 z & lt ; = 0.8 Seyfert 1 galaxies and QSOs selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to investigate the strength of Fe II emission and its correlation with other emission lines and physical parameters of active galactic nuclei .	We find that the strongest correlations of almost all the emission-line intensity ratios and equivalent widths ( EWs ) are with the Eddington ratio ( L/L_ { Edd } ) , rather than with the continuum luminosity at 5100\AA\ ( L_ { 5100 } ) or black hole mass ( M_ { BH } ) ; the only exception is the EW of ultraviolet Fe II emission , which does not correlate at all with broad-line width , L_ { 5100 } , M_ { BH } , or L/L_ { Edd } .	By contrast , the intensity ratios of both the ultraviolet and optical Fe II emission to Mg II \lambda 2800 correlate quite strongly with L/L_ { Edd } .	Interestingly , among all the emission lines in the near-UV and optical , the EW of narrow optical Fe II emission has the strongest correlation with L/L_ { Edd } .
+2	We specifically treat kicks arising in the binary interaction of equal mass black holes , when at least one of the black holes has significant spin , a .	Thorne and Kidder give expressions which allow for analytical estimates of the `` kick '' , it i.e.the recoil , produced from asymmetrical gravitational radiation during the interaction of black holes , or in fact any gravitating compact bodies .	( The Thorne-Kidder formula uses momentum flux calculations based on the linearized General Relativity of gravitational radiation . )	Such configurations can produce very large kicks in computational simulations .	We consider both fly-by and quasicircular orbits .
+3	In the scaling limit , the integral equations coincide with the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations ( TBA ) proposed in { DPT2 } , thereby support their results .	Motivated by recent studies by Dorey , Pocklington and Tateo for unitary minimal models perturbed by phi_ { 1,2 } , we examine the thermodynamics of one dimensional quantum systems , whose counterparts in the 2D classical model are the dilute A_L models in regime 2 .	The functional relations for arbitrary values of L are established .	Guided by numerical evidences , we obtain a set of coupled integral equations from the established relations , which yields the evaluation of the free energy at arbitrary temperature .	The new Fermionic representations of the Virasoro characters are shortly remarked .
+1	For 1E 1207.4-5209 , an insignificant proper motion of 15+/-7 mas/yr is measured , corresponding to a corrected tangential velocity of & lt ; 180 km/s at the distance of 2 kpc .	Using pairs of images from the Chandra High-Resolution Camera we examine the proper motion of the central compact object ( CCO ) 1E 1207.4-5209 in the supernova remnant ( SNR ) PKS 1209-51/52 , and the unusual pulsar Calvera that is possibly a CCO descendant .	This proves that the previously noted large offset of the pulsar from the apparent geometric center of the SNR is not due to high proper motion ; evidently the symmetry of the remnant does not indicate its center of expansion .	Calvera has a marginally significant proper motion of 69+/-26 mas/yr , corresponding to 86+/-33 km/s for a hypothetical distance of 0.3 kpc .	Notably , its vector is away from the Galactic plane , although its high Galactic latitude of b = +37 deg may be more a consequence of its proximity than its velocity .
+2	Here we describe a new formulation of the theory based on the extended normal ordering procedure of Mukherjee and Kutzelnigg [ J. Chem.Phys .	The Canonical Transformation theory of Yanai and Chan [ J. Chem.Phys .	124 , 194106 ( 2006 ) ] provides a rigorously size-extensive description of dynamical correlation in multireference problems .	107 , 432 ( 1997 ) ] .	On studies of the water , nitrogen , and iron-oxide potential energy curves , the Linearised Canonical Transformation Singles and Doubles theory is competitive in accuracy with some of the best multireference methods , such as the Multireference Averaged Coupled Pair Functional , while computational timings ( in the case of the iron-oxide molecule ) are two-three orders of magnitude faster and comparable to those of Complete Active Space Second-Order Perturbation Theory .
+2	We show that within the realm of the BS model the behavior of P ( w ) is surprisingly different from common-sense-based expectations .	Suppose one buys two very similar stocks and is curious about how much , after some time T , one of them will contribute to the overall asset , expecting , of course , that it should be around 1/2 of the sum .	Here we examine this question within the classical Black and Scholes ( BS ) model , focusing on the evolution of the probability density function P ( w ) of a random variable w = a_T^ { ( 1 ) } / ( a_T^ { ( 1 ) } + a_T^ { ( 2 ) } ) where a_T^ { ( 1 ) } and a_T^ { ( 2 ) } are the values of two ( either European- or the Asian-style ) options produced by two absolutely identical BS stochastic equations .	For the European-style options P ( w ) always undergoes a transition , ( when T approaches a certain threshold value ) , from a unimodal to a bimodal form with the most probable values being close to 0 and 1 , and , strikingly , w =1/2 being the least probable value .	This signifies that the symmetry between two options spontaneously breaks and just one of them completely dominates the sum .
+4	This analysis can be manual where domain expert helps to generate the required diagram or automated system , where the system generates the required diagram , from the input in the form of SRS .	The Software Development Life Cycle ( SDLC ) starts with eliciting requirements of the customers in the form of Software Requirement Specification ( SRS ) .	SRS document needed for software development is mostly written in Natural Language ( NL ) convenient for the client .	From the SRS document only , the class name , its attributes and the functions incorporated in the body of the class are traced based on pre-knowledge of analyst .	The paper intends to present a review on Object Oriented ( OO ) analysis using Natural Language Processing ( NLP ) techniques .
+4	Our procedure relies on kernel methods with automatic bandwidth selection .	We consider the problem of estimating the division rate of a size-structured population in a nonparametric setting .	The size of the system evolves according to a transport-fragmentation equation : each individual grows with a given transport rate , and splits into two offsprings of the same size , following a binary fragmentation process with unknown division rate that depends on its size .	In contrast to a deterministic inverse problem approach , as in ( Perthame , Zubelli , 2007 ) and ( Doumic , Perthame , Zubelli , 2009 ) , we take in this paper the perspective of statistical inference : our data consists in a large sample of the size of individuals , when the evolution of the system is close to its time-asymptotic behavior , so that it can be related to the eigenproblem of the considered transport-fragmentation equation ( see \cite { PR } for instance ) .	By estimating statistically each term of the eigenvalue problem and by suitably inverting a certain linear operator ( see previously quoted articles ) , we are able to construct a more realistic estimator of the division rate that achieves the same optimal error bound as in related deterministic inverse problems .
+1	At low temperatures a marked increase in the effective penetration depth and surface resistance is observed associated with the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic alignment of the Gd spins .	The complex surface impedance of a number of GdBa $ _2 $ Cu $ _3 $ O $ _ { 7-\delta } $ single crystals has been measured at 10 , 15 and 21 GHz using a cavity perturbation technique .	The effective penetration depth has a sharp change in slope at the N\'eel temperature , $ T_N $ , and the surface resistance peaks at a frequency dependent temperature below 3K .	The observed temperature and frequency dependence can be described by a model which assumes a negligibly small interaction between the Gd spins and the electrons in the superconducting state , with a frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility and a Gd spin relaxation time $ \tau_s $ being a strong function of temperature .	Above $ T_N $ , $ \tau_s $ has a component varying as $ 1 / ( T - T_N ) $ , while below $ T_N $ it increases $ \sim T^ { -5 } $ .
+3	The direction of the shift is consistent with an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic LSMO layer and the ferromagnetic SRO layer .	Epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 ( LSMO ) / SrRuO3 ( SRO ) ferromagnetic bilayers have been grown on ( 001 ) SrTiO3 ( STO ) substrates by pulsed laser deposition with atomic layer control .	We observe a shift in the magnetic hysteresis loop of the LSMO layer in the same direction as the applied biasing field ( positive exchange bias ) .	The effect is not present above the Curie temperature of the SRO layer ( ) , and its magnitude increases rapidly as the temperature is lowered below .	We propose that atomic layer charge transfer modifies the electronic state at the interface , resulting in the observed antiferromagnetic interfacial exchange coupling .
+1	As a result , additional operators and new low-energy constants appear in the effective theory describing non-leptonic kaon decay matrix elements in the partially quenched setting .	The transformation properties of strong penguin operators under the action of the flavor group change when they are considered as operators in ( partially ) quenched QCD instead of the unquenched theory .	These new low-energy constants do not have a counterpart in the unquenched theory , and should thus be considered as an artifact of the quenched approximation .	Here we consider strong penguin operators consisting of products of two left-handed flavor currents , and give a complete one-loop analysis in the effective theory for K^0 to vacuum and K^+ to pi^+ matrix elements .	We find that the new low-energy constants already appear in these matrix elements at leading order .
+0	We use fragmenting jet functions ( FJFs ) in the context of quarkonia to study the production channels predicted by NRQCD ( 3S_1^ ( 1 ) , 3S_1^ ( 8 ) , 1S_0^ ( 8 ) , 3P_J^ ( 8 ) ) .	We choose a set of FJFs that give the probability to find a quarkonium with a given momentum fraction inside a cone-algorithm jet with fixed cone size and energy .	This observable gives several lever arms that allow one to distinguish different production channels .	In particular , we show that at fixed momentum fraction the individual production mechanisms have distinct behaviors as a function of the the jet energy .	As a consequence of this fact , we arrive at the robust prediction that if the depolarizing 1S_0^ ( 8 ) matrix element dominates , then the gluon FJF will diminish with increasing energy for fixed momentum fraction , z , and z & gt ; 0.5 .
+4	At certain parameters , we predict a reentrant T_c ( \alpha ) behavior .	We study the critical temperature T_c of SFF trilayers ( S is a singlet superconductor , F is a ferromagnetic metal ) , where the long-range triplet superconducting component is generated at noncollinear magnetizations of the F layers .	We demonstrate that T_c can be a nonmonotonic function of the angle \alpha between the magnetizations of the two F layers .	The minimum is achieved at an intermediate \alpha , lying between the parallel ( P , \alpha=0 ) and antiparallel ( AP , \alpha=\pi ) cases .	This implies a possibility of a `` triplet '' spin-valve effect : at temperatures above the minimum T_c^ { Tr } but below T_c^ { P } and T_c^ { AP } , the system is superconducting only in the vicinity of the collinear orientations .
+4	Our protocol is based on swap operations between data and ancilla qubits at the end of every cycle , requiring read-out and reset operations on every physical qubit in the system , and thereby preventing persistent leakage errors from occurring .	Superconducting qubits , while promising for scalability and long coherence times , contain more than two energy levels , and therefore are susceptible to errors generated by the leakage of population outside of the computational subspace .	Such leakage errors constitute a prominent roadblock towards fault-tolerant quantum computing ( FTQC ) with superconducting qubits .	FTQC using topological codes is based on sequential measurements of multiqubit stabilizer operators .	Here , we first propose a leakage-resilient procedure to perform repetitive measurements of multiqubit stabilizer operators , and then use this scheme as an ingredient to develop a leakage-resilient approach for surface code quantum error correction with superconducting circuits .
+2	If neighbouring domains interact and share results , access to the specific data needs to be synchronized to avoid race conditions .	Spatial decomposition is a popular basis for parallelising code .	Cast in the frame of task parallelism , calculations on a spatial domain can be treated as a task .	This is the case for a variety of applications , like most molecular dynamics and many computational fluid dynamics codes .	Here we present an unexpected problem which can occur in dependency-driven task parallelization models like StarSs : the tasks accessing a specific spatial domain are treated as interdependent , as dependencies are detected automatically via memory addresses .
+4	Further , we map the stability boundaries in the space of the two parameters by studying the subcritical secondary bifurcations in which $ m \to m+1 $ when $ { \cal R } $ is increased at constant $ { \rm Re } $ .	A sequence of bifurcations is studied in a one-dimensional pattern forming system subject to the variation of two experimental control parameters : a dimensionless electrical forcing number $ { \cal R } $ and a shear Reynolds number $ { \rm Re } $ .	The pattern is an azimuthally periodic array of traveling vortices with integer mode number $ m $ .	Varying $ { \cal R } $ and $ { \rm Re } $ permits the passage through several codimension-two points .	We find that the coefficients of the nonlinear terms in a generic Landau equation for the primary bifurcation are discontinuous at the codimension-two points .
+4	To redress this imbalance the Commission saw it as a priority to improve the trading capability of the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises ( SMEs ) , and perceived digital platforms as the modern means to this end .	The European Commission has the power to inspire , initiate and sponsor huge transnational projects to an extent impossible for most other entities .	These projects can address universal themes and develop well-being models that are valuable across a diversity of societies and economies .	It is a universal fact that SMEs in all countries provide a substantial proportion of total employment , and conduct much of a nation 's innovative activity .	Yet these smaller companies struggle in global markets on a far from level playing field , where large companies have distinct advantages .
+3	As a function of applied voltage , the Josephson critical current shows a logarithmic divergence called the Riedel peak at the gap voltage , while the QPIC shows a discontinuous jump .	The ac Josephson effect in a ferromagnetic Josephson junction , which is composed of two superconductors separated by a ferromagnetic metal ( FM ) , is studied by a tunneling Hamiltonian and Green 's function method .	We obtain two types of superconducting phase dependent current , i.e. , Josephson current and quasiparticle-pair-interference current ( QPIC ) .	These currents change their signs with thickness of the FM layer due to the 0- $ \pi $ transition characteristic to the ferromagnetic Josephson junction .	The Riedel peak reverses due to the 0- $ \pi $ transition and disappears near the 0- $ \pi $ transition point .
+4	However , the $ 0^- $ candidate can not be ruled out by our calculations .	We study the possibility that the $ Z^+ ( 4430 ) $ state observed by Belle is a $ D_1D^* $ ( or $ D_1'D^* $ ) resonance in S-wave .	Focusing on its decays , We find that the open-charm decay into $ D^*D^*\pi $ is dominant .	Furthermore , we use the re-scattering mechanism to study its hidden-charm decays and find that the re-scattering effects are significant in $ D_1D^* $ channel but not in $ D_1'D^* $ channel .	For the $ J^P=1^- $ candidate , with chosen parameters , we can get $ \Gamma ( Z^+\to\psi'\pi^+ ) /\Gamma ( Z^+\to J/\psi\pi^+ ) \thickapprox 5.3 $ , which tends to account for why the $ Z^+ ( 4430 ) $ is difficult to be found in $ J/\psi\pi^+ $ .
+3	This recent enthusiasm for social networking companies raises the question whether they are overvalued .	On December 16th , 2011 , Zynga , the well-known social game developing company went public .	This event followed other recent IPOs in the world of social networking companies , such as Groupon or Linkedin among others .	With a valuation close to 7 billion USD at the time when it went public , Zynga became one of the biggest web IPOs since Google .	Indeed , during the few months since its IPO , Zynga showed significant variability , its market capitalization going from 5.6 to 10.2 billion USD , hinting at a possible irrational behavior from the market .
+3	The classical information costs to complete this communication task is also analyzed .	A protocol of quantum communication is proposed in terms of the multi-qubit quantum teleportation through cluster states ( Phys.Rev.Lett .	\textbf { 86 } , 910 ( 2001 ) ) .	Extending the cluster state based quantum teleportation on the basic unit of three qubits ( or qudits ) , the corresponding multi-qubit network is constructed for both the qubits and qudits ( multi-level ) cases .	It is also shown that this quantum communication protocol can be implemented in the spin-spin system on lattices .
+4	Such a connection , previously observed for LDPC and GLDPC codes , is now extended to the case of D-GLDPC codes .	In this paper , an expression for the asymptotic growth rate of the number of small linear-weight codewords of irregular doubly-generalized LDPC ( D-GLDPC ) codes is derived .	The expression is compact and generalizes existing results for LDPC and generalized LDPC ( GLDPC ) codes .	Assuming that there exist check and variable nodes with minimum distance 2 , it is shown that the growth rate depends only on these nodes .	An important connection between this new result and the stability condition of D-GLDPC codes over the BEC is highlighted .
+0	In 1993 E. I. Zelmanov asked the following question in Dniester Notebook : `` Suppose that $ F_ { 2 , m } $ is a 2-generated associative ring with the identity $ x^m=0 $ .	Is it true , that the nilpotency degree of $ F_ { 2 , m } $ has exponential growth ? ''	We show that the nilpotency degree of $ l $ -generated associative algebra with the identity $ x^d=0 $ is smaller than $ \Psi ( d , d , l ) $ , where $ \Psi ( n , d , l ) =l ( nd ) ^ { C \log ( nd ) } $ and $ C $ is a constant .	We give the definitive answer to E. I. Zelmanov by this result .	It is the consequence of one fact , which is based on combinatorics of words .
+4	For the temperature , at all levels , the RMSE ( Root Mean Square Error ) is inferior to 1 { \deg } C. For the wind speed , it is ~2 m/s , and for the wind direction , it is in the range [ 38-46 { \deg } ] , at all levels , that corresponds to a RMSE_relative in a range [ 21-26 { \deg } ] .	This article is the second of a series of articles aiming at proving the feasibility of the forecast of all the most relevant classical atmospherical parameters for astronomical applications ( wind speed and direction , temperature , relative humidity ) and the optical turbulence ( Cn2 and the derived astro-climatic parameters like seeing , isoplanatic angle , wavefront coherence time ... ) .	This study is done in the framework of the MOSE project , and focused above the two ESO ground-bases sites of Cerro Paranal and Cerro Armazones .	In this paper we present the results related to the Meso-Nh model ability in reconstructing the surface layer atmospherical parameters ( wind speed intensity , wind direction and absolute temperature , [ 0-30 ] m a.g.l . ) .	The model reconstruction of all the atmospherical parameters in the surface layer is very satisfactory .
+4	We point out that the energy dependence of the MEG efficiency differs considerably between ensembles with small and large inhomogeneity of nancrystal sizes .	We study the coherent mixing between two-particle ( single exciton ) and four-particle ( biexciton ) states of a semiconductor nanocrystal resulting from the coulomb coupling between states with different numbers of electron-hole pairs .	Using a simple model of the nanocrystal wave functions and an envelope function approach , we estimate the efficiency of the multiple exciton generation ( MEG ) process resulting from such coherent admixture mechanism , including all the relevant states in a very broad energy interval .	We show that in a typical ensemble of nanocrystals with 3~nm average radius , the onset of the MEG process appears about 1~eV above the lower edge of the biexciton density of states and the efficiency of the process reaches 50\ % for photon energies around 5~eV .	The MEG onset shifts to lower energies and the efficiency increases as the radius grows .
+4	Nevertheless , the rapid and oscillatory relaxation of the order parameters leads to enhanced production of both pions and ( to a lesser degree ) kaons .	The SU ( 3 ) extension of the linear sigma model is employed to elucidate the effect of including strangeness on the formation of disoriented chiral condensates .	By means of a Hartree factorization , approximate dispersion relations for the 18 scalar and pseudoscalar meson species are derived and their self-consistent solution makes it possible to trace out the thermal path of the two order parameters as well as delineate the region of instability within which spontaneous pair creation becomes possible .	The results depend significantly on the employed sigma mass , with the highest values yielding the largest regions of instability .	An approximate solution of the equations of motion for the order parameter in scenarios emulating uniform scaling expansions show that even with a rapid quench only the pionic modes grow unstable .
+0	In this paper we explore an evolutionary Unified scenario involving super massive black hole and starburst with outflow , that seems capable of explaining most of the observational properties of at least part of AGNs .	Our suggestion is explored inside the expectations of the Starburst model close associated with the AGN where the NLR , BLR and BAL region are produced in part by the outflow process with shells and in compact supernova remnants .	The outflow process in BAL QSOs with extreme IR and Fe II emission is studied .	In addition , the Fe II poblem regarding the BLR of AGN is analysed .	Neither the correlations between the BAL , IR emission , FeII intensity and the intrinsic properties of the AGN are clearly understood .
+4	After that interval , our timing analysis yields that there is a fractional frequency change of $ \frac { \Delta\nu } { \nu } \sim8.20 ( 2 ) \times10^ { -7 } $ .	We report the pulse timing analysis of \emph { Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer } ( \emph { RXTE } ) observations of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+586 from its 2002 outburst to October , 2010 .	Our objectives are to extend the work on the recovery stage after the 2002 glitch , investigate the variations caused by the second glitch which occurred in 2007 and look for other unusual events , if any , that arise in the regular spin-down trend of the source .	The recovery of the 2002 glitch gives good fit when the two-exponential glitch model of the Crab pulsar is used , rather than the standard glitch model , in the 1360-day interval after the first glitch .	The sampling of the following 260-day is not frequent enough to be phase-connected .
+0	A reference frame F is described by the element g of the Poincare ' group P which connects F with a given fixed frame F_0 .	If F is a quantum frame , defined by a physical object following the laws of quantum physics , the parameters of g have to be considered as quantum observables .	However , these observables are not compatible and some of them , namely the coordinates of the origin of F , can not be represented by self-adjoint operators .	Both these difficulties can be overcome by considering a positive-operator-valued measure ( POVM ) on P , covariant with respect to the left translations of the group , namely a covariance system .	We develop a construction procedure for this kind of mathematical structure .
+4	For the special class of stationary Gaussian channels , a simple application of Bode 's integral formula shows that the feedback capacity , recently characterized by Kim , is equal to the maximum instability that can be tolerated by the controller under a given power constraint .	Feedback communication is studied from a control-theoretic perspective , mapping the communication problem to a control problem in which the control signal is received through the same noisy channel as in the communication problem , and the ( nonlinear and time-varying ) dynamics of the system determine a subclass of encoders available at the transmitter .	The MMSE capacity is defined to be the supremum exponential decay rate of the mean square decoding error .	This is upper bounded by the information-theoretic feedback capacity , which is the supremum of the achievable rates .	A sufficient condition is provided under which the upper bound holds with equality .
+3	Furthermore , it generates periodic bursts of light emitted into the counter-propagating cavity mode , providing a non-destructive monitor of the atomic dynamics .	We consider Bloch oscillations of ultracold atoms stored in a one-dimensional vertical optical lattice and simultaneously interacting with a unidirectionally pumped optical ring cavity whose vertical arm is collinear with the optical lattice .	We find that the feedback provided by the cavity field on the atomic motion synchronizes Bloch oscillations via a mode-locking mechanism , steering the atoms to the lowest Bloch band .	It also stabilizes Bloch oscillations against noise , and even suppresses dephasing due to atom-atom interactions .	All these features may be crucial for future improvements of the design of atomic gravimeters based on recording Bloch oscillations .
+2	showed an upper bound $ rc ( G ) \leq n-\delta $ for a connected graph $ G $ of order $ n $ with minimum degree $ \delta $ in `` On rainbow connection , Electron.J . Combin .	An edge-colored graph $ G $ , where adjacent edges may be colored the same , is rainbow connected if any two vertices of $ G $ are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors .	The rainbow connection number $ rc ( G ) $ of a connected graph $ G $ is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make $ G $ rainbow connected.Caro et al .	15 ( 2008 ) , R57 '' .	Recently , Shiermeyer gave it a generalization that $ rc ( G ) \leq n- \frac { \sigma_2 } 2 $ in `` Bounds for the rainbow connection number of graphs , Discuss .
+3	Based on dual theory of linear programming and the relationship with flow games , we provide the characterizations on the CS-core , least-core and nucleolus of path cooperative games .	Cooperative games provide an appropriate framework for fair and stable profit distribution in multiagent systems .	In this paper , we study the algorithmic issues on path cooperative games that arise from the situations where some commodity flows through a network .	In these games , a coalition of edges or vertices is successful if it enables a path from the source to the sink in the network , and lose otherwise .	Furthermore , we show that the least-core and nucleolus are polynomially solvable for path cooperative games defined on both directed and undirected network .
+4	Setting the ground to scale superlubricity up , this investigation provides a novel perspective on friction and nanomanipulation experiments and can serve as a theoretical basis for designing high-tech devices with specific superlow frictional features .	In the framework of a Frenkel-Kontorova-like model , we address the robustness of the superlubricity phenomenon in an edge-driven system at large scales , highlighting the dynamical mechanisms leading to its failure due to the slider elasticity .	The results of the numerical simulations perfectly match the length critical size derived from a parameter-free analytical model .	By considering different driving and commensurability interface configurations , we explore the distinctive nature of the transition from superlubric to high-friction sliding states which occurs above the critical size , discovering the occurrence of previously undetected multiple dissipative jumps in the friction force as a function of the slider length .	These driving-induced commensurate dislocations in the slider are then characterized in relation to their spatial localization and width , depending on the system parameters .
+2	The angular rotation velocity at the solar distance is Omega_0=31 +/-1 km s-1 kpc-1 .	The proper motions of OB-associations computed using the old ( Hipparcos 1997 } and new ( van Leeuwen 2007 ) reductions of the Hipparcos data are in a good agreement with each other .	The Galactic rotation curve derived from an analysis of line-of-sight velocities and proper motions of OB-associations is almost flat in the 3-kpc neighborhood of the Sun .	The standard deviation of the velocities of OB-associations from the rotation curve is sigma=7.2 km s-1 .	The distance scale for OB associations ( Blaha & amp ; Humphreys 1989 ) should be shortened by 10-20 % .
+4	Such direct measurements of the near field characteristics provide complete information of these spoof SPPs , enabling full exploitation of their properties associated with the field confinement in a subwavelength scale .	Propagation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons ( spoof SPPs ) on comb-shaped ultrathin metal strips made of aluminum foil and printed copper circuit are studied experimentally and numerically .	With a near field scanning technique , electric field distributions on these metal strips are measured directly .	The dispersion curves of spoof SPPs are thus obtained by means of Fourier transform of the field distributions in the real space for every frequency .	Both fundamental and second order modes are investigated and the measured dispersions agree well with numerical ones calculated by the finite element method .
+3	Solitonic solutions are only possible for purely magnetic R-fields and purely electric A-fields , in cases when $ \Phi ( F ) $ tends to a finite limit at large $ F $ .	We consider static , cylindrically symmetric configurations in general relativity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics ( NED ) with an arbitrary gauge-invariant Lagrangian of the form $ L_ { em } = \Phi ( F ) $ , $ F =F_ { mn } F^ { mn } $ .	We study electric and magnetic fields with three possible orientations : radial ( R ) , longitudinal ( L ) and azimuthal ( A ) , and try to find solitonic stringlike solutions , having a regular axis and a flat metric at large $ r $ , with a possible angular defect .	Assuming the function $ \Phi ( F ) $ to be regular at small $ F $ , it is shown that a regular axis is impossible in R-fields if there is a nonzero effective electric charge and in A-fields if there is a nonzero effective electric current along the axis .	For both R- and A-fields , the desired large $ r $ asymptotic is only possible with a non- Maxwell behaviour of $ \Phi ( F ) $ at small $ F $ .
+1	The very irregular distribution and shape of the vortex cores imply a strong pinning of the vortices by defects and inhomogeneities .	We present a detailed study on the behaviour of vortex cores in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_ { 8+\delta } using scanning tunneling spectroscopy .	The observed vortex cores seem to consist of two or more randomly distributed smaller elements .	Even more striking is the observation of vortex motion where the vortex cores are divided between two positions before totally moving from one position to the other .	Both effects can be explained by quantum tunneling of vortices between different pinning centers .
+0	We classify elementary particles according to their behaviour under the action of the full inhomogeneous Lorentz group .	For fundamental fermions , this approach leads us to delineate fermions into eight basic families or `types ' , corresponding to the eight simply connected double covering groups of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group ( the `pin ' groups ) .	Given this classification , it is natural to ask whether or not fermion type determines a superselection rule .	It is also important to determine what observable effects fermion type might have ; for example , can the type of a given fermion be determined by laboratory experiments ?	We address these questions by arguing that if multiple fermion types really did occur in nature , then it would be mathematically equivalent and also much simpler to think of the different types as being different states of a { \it single } particle , which would be a particle which lived in the direct sum of Hilbert spaces associated with the different particle types .
+1	The division is useful in part because the Jaranowski-Krolak-Schutz ( JKS ) coordinates on the four-dimensional amplitude parameter space allow the GW signal to be written as a linear combination of four template waveforms with the JKS coordinates as coefficients .	The parameter space for continuous gravitational waves ( GWs ) can be divided into amplitude parameters ( signal amplitude , inclination and polarization angles describing the orientation of the source , and an initial phase ) and phase-evolution parameters .	We define a new set of coordinates on the amplitude parameter space , with the same properties , which is more closely connected to the physical amplitude parameters .	These naturally divide into two pairs of Cartesian-like coordinates on two-dimensional subspaces , one corresponding to left- and the other to right-circular polarization .	We thus refer to these as CPF ( circular polarization factored ) coordinates .
+2	The noncommutative version of the model contains only a finite number of dynamical modes and is non-perturbatively UV-regular .	We describe the scalar and spinor fields on noncommutative sphere starting from canonical realizations of the enveloping algebra $ { \cal A } = { \cal U } { u ( 2 ) ) } $ .	The gauge extension of a free spinor model , the Schwinger model on a noncommutative sphere , is defined and the model is quantized .	An exact expresion for the chiral anomaly is found .	In the commutative limit the standard formula is recovered .
+2	We suggest the way to avoid such a problem by imposing the metric and its first derivative to be regular at the brane , while the second derivative to have a kink , the third derivative of the metric to have a step function discontinuity , and no sooner as the fourth derivative of the metric to give the delta function contribution to the field equations .	We discuss a general fourth-order theory of gravity on the brane .	In general , the formulation of the junction conditions ( except for Euler characteristics such as Gauss-Bonnet term ) leads to the higher powers of the delta function and requires regularization .	Alternatively , we discuss the reduction of the fourth-order gravity to the second-order theory by introducing an extra tensor field .	We formulate the appropriate junction conditions on the brane .
+2	Star-convex functions constitute a rich class of functions generalizing convex functions to new parameter regimes , and which confound standard variants of gradient descent ; more generally , we construct a family of star-convex functions where gradient-based algorithms provably give no information about the location of the global optimum .	We introduce a polynomial time algorithm for optimizing the class of star-convex functions , under no restrictions except boundedness on a region about the origin , and Lebesgue measurability .	The algorithm 's performance is polynomial in the requested number of digits of accuracy , contrasting with the previous best known algorithm of Nesterov and Polyak that has exponential dependence , and that further requires Lipschitz second differentiability of the function , but has milder dependence on the dimension of the domain .	We introduce a new randomized algorithm for finding cutting planes based only on function evaluations , where , counterintuitively , the algorithm must look outside the feasible region to discover the structure of the star-convex function that lets it compute the next cut of the feasible region .	We emphasize that the class of star-convex functions we consider is as unrestricted as possible : the class of Lebesgue measurable star-convex functions has theoretical appeal , introducing to the domain of polynomial-time algorithms a huge class with many interesting pathologies .
+2	We demonstrate that the cloud seems to be comprised of eddies with varying characteristic scale lengths which range from 10 pc to the largest observed scales .	The Ha peak intensity , velocity shift and velocity dispersion maps of the giant HII region NGC 604 in M 33 , obtained by two dimensional high spatial resolution Fabry-Perot observations with TAURUS II at the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope in Spain ( Sabalisck , 1995 ) , are analyzed via two point correlation functions .	The whole system seems to rotate as a rigid body on scales from 50 to 80 pc ( the largest studied scale ) , with a period of $ \sim $ 85 Myr .	The calculated kinetic energy spectrum may be interpreted as either a manifestation of a double cascading spectrum of forced two-dimensional turbulence , or as a Kolmogorov three-dimensional turbulence ( although this last possibility seems unlikely ) .	According to the first interpretation , turbulence is being forced at scales of $ \sim $ 10 pc , while an enstrophy ( mean-square vorticity ) cascade has developed down to the smallest scales resolved and an inverse kinetic energy cascade extends up to scales of $ \sim $ 70 pc where a low wave number turn over is observed ; if true , this would be the first time that such a phenomenon has been observed outside the Solar System .
+4	I suggest a quiet start procedure for spherical stellar systems and show that it leads to a significant reduction in the relaxation rate .	I compare various popular and unpopular techniques for simulating large collisionless stellar systems .	I give a quantitative comparison of the raw cpu times required for five separate codes , including tree codes and basis function expansions , which demonstrate that grid codes are most efficient for large numbers of particles .	Since efficiency is only one consideration when choosing a code , I discuss other strengths and weaknesses of the various methods .	While some applications may require the maximum possible number of particles , I argue that quiet start techniques can often permit reliable results to be obtained with moderate particle numbers .
+4	We also indicate a variety of singularities which would require a nonperturbative treatment for their resolution and briefly discuss applications to heterotic models on K3 .	In contrast to the familiar ( 2,2 ) case , the singularities which arise in the ( 0,2 ) setting can be associated with degeneration of the base Calabi-Yau manifold { \it and/or } \/ with degenerations of the gauge bundle .	We study a variety of such singularities and give a procedure for resolving those which can be cured perturbatively .	Among the novel features which emerge are models in which smoothing singularities in the base yields a gauge { \it sheaf } \/ as opposed to a gauge bundle as the structure to which left moving fermions couple .	Supersymmetric $ \sigma $ -models with target data being an appropriate sheaf on a Calabi-Yau space therefore appear to be the natural arena for N=1 string models in four dimensions .
+1	A comparison of the data with a model based on no nuclear effects at large x , shows a significant excess of events in the data .	Data from the CCFR E770 Neutrino Deep Inelastic Scattering ( DIS ) experiment at Fermilab contain events with large Bjorken x ( x & gt ; 0.7 ) and high momentum transfer ( Q^2 & gt ; 50 ( GeV/c ) ^2 ) .	Addition of Fermi gas motion of the nucleons in the nucleus to the model does not explain the excess .	Adding a higher momentum tail due to the formation of `` quasi-deuterons '' makes some improvement .	An exponentially falling F_2 \propto e^-s ( x-x_0 ) at large x , predicted by `` multi-quark clusters '' and `` few-nucleon correlations '' , can describe the data .
+1	It is independent from parsing technology and any other details of target system implementation .	Grammatic is a tool for grammar definition and manipulation aimed to improve modularity and reuse of grammars and related development artifacts .	Grammatic provides a way for annotating grammars with arbitrary metadata ( like associativity attributes , semantic actions or anything else ) .	It might be used as a front-end for external tools like parser generators to make their input grammars modular and reusable .	This paper describes main principles behind Grammatic and gives an overview of languages it provides and their ability to separate concerns and define reusable modules .
+0	Planktonic copepods are small crustaceans that have the ability to swim by quick powerful jumps .	Such an aptness is used to escape from high shear regions , which may be caused either by flow per- turbations , produced by a large predator ( i.e. , fish larvae ) , or by the inherent highly turbulent dynamics of the ocean .	Through a combined experimental and numerical study , we investigate the impact of jumping behaviour on the small-scale patchiness of copepods in a turbulent environment .	Recorded velocity tracks of copepods displaying escape response jumps in still water are here used to define and tune a Lagrangian Copepod ( LC ) model .	The model is further employed to simulate the behaviour of thousands of copepods in a fully developed hydrodynamic turbulent flow obtained by direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations .
+3	In mobile computing , the issues such as low bandwidth , high latency wireless Networks , loss or degradation of wireless connections , and network errors or failures need to be dealt with .	Large-scale networked environments , such as the Internet , possess the characteristics of centralised data , centralised access and centralised control ; this gives the user a powerful mechanism for building and integrating large repositories of centralised information from diverse resources set .	However , a centralised network system with GSM Networks development for a hospital information systems or a health care information portal is still in its infancy .	The shortcomings of the currently available tools have made the use of mobile devices more appealing .	Other issues to be addressed include system adaptability , reliability , robustness , extensibility , flexibility , and maintainability .
+2	At low density and low temperature , the fluid phase mainly consists of tetramers , pentamers , or hexamers .	Motivated by the diversity and complexity of two-dimensional crystals formed by triangular proteins and protein trimers , we have investigated the structures and phase behavior of hard-disk trimers .	In order to mimic specific binding interactions , each trimer possesses on `attractive ' disk which can interact with similar disks on other trimers via an attractive square-well potential .	Hexamers provide the structural motif for a high-density , low-temperature periodic solid phase , but we also identify a metastable periodic structure based on a tetramer motif .	At high density there is a transition between orientationally ordered and disordered solid phases .
+0	Black hole highly-damped quasi-normal frequencies ( QNFs ) are very often of the form ( offset ) } + i n ( gap ) .	We have investigated the genericity of this phenomenon for the Schwarzschild -- deSitter ( SdS ) black hole by considering a model potential that is piecewise Eckart ( piecewise Poeschl-Teller ) , and developing an analytic `` quantization condition '' for the highly-damped quasi-normal frequencies .	We find that the ( offset ) + i n ( gap ) behaviour is common but not universal , with the controlling feature being whether or not the ratio of the surface gravities is a rational number .	We furthermore observed that the relation between rational ratios of surface gravities and periodicity of QNFs is very generic , and also occurs within different analytic approaches applied to various types of black hole spacetimes .	These observations are of direct relevance to any physical situation where highly-damped quasi-normal modes are important .
+0	For several pairs $ ( P , Q ) $ of classical distributions on $ \N_0 $ , we show that their stochastic ordering $ P\leq_ { st } Q $ can be characterized by their extreme tail ordering equivalent to $ P ( \ { k_\ast \ } ) /Q ( \ { k_\ast\ } ) \le 1 \le \lim_ { k\to k^\ast } P ( \ { k\ } ) /Q ( \ { k\ } ) $ , with $ k_\ast $ and $ k^\ast $ denoting the minimum and the supremum of the support of $ P+Q $ , and with the limit to be read as $ P ( \ { k^\ast\ } ) /Q ( \ { k^\ast\ } ) $ for $ k^\ast $ finite .	This includes in particular all pairs where $ P $ and $ Q $ are both binomial ( $ b_ { n_1 , p_1 } \leq_ { st } b_ { n_2 , p_2 } $ if and only if $ n_1\le n_2 $ and $ ( 1-p_1 ) ^ { n_1 } \ge ( 1-p_2 ) ^ { n_2 } $ , or $ p_1=0 $ ) , both negative binomial ( $ b^-_ { r_1 , p_1 } \leq_ { st } b^-_ { r_2 , p_2 } $ if and only if $ p_1\geq p_2 $ and $ p_1^ { r_1 } \geq p_2^ { r_2 } $ ) , or both hypergeometric with the same sample size parameter .	The binomial case is contained in a known result about Bernoulli convolutions , the other two cases appear to be new .	The emphasis of this paper is on providing a variety of different methods of proofs : ( i ) half monotone likelihood ratios , ( ii ) explicit coupling , ( iii ) Markov chain comparison , ( iv ) analytic calculation , and ( v ) comparison of Levy measures .	We give four proofs in the binomial case ( methods ( i ) - ( iv ) ) and three in the negative binomial case ( methods ( i ) , ( iv ) and ( v ) ) .
+3	We define corresponding unique-maximum and conflict-free chromatic numbers and investigate their relationship in arbitrary hypergraphs .	We investigate the relationship between two kinds of vertex colorings of hypergraphs : unique-maximum colorings and conflict-free colorings .	In a unique-maximum coloring , the colors are ordered , and in every hyperedge of the hypergraph the maximum color appears only once .	In a conflict-free coloring , in every hyperedge of the hypergraph there is a color that appears only once .	Then , we concentrate on hypergraphs that are induced by simple paths in tree graphs .
+3	Further analysis is given which shows that they are { \em not } covariant with respect to small gauge transformations ; their traces are { \em not } observables of the gauge theory .	A key aspect of a recent proposal for a { \em generalized loop representation } of quantum Yang-Mills theory and gravity is considered .	Such a representation of the quantum theory has been expected to arise via consideration of a particular algebra of observables -- given by the traces of the holonomies of { \em generalized loops } .	We notice , however , a technical subtlety , which prevents us from reaching the conclusion that the generalized holonomies are covariant with respect to small gauge transformations .	This result indicates what may be a serious complication to the use of generalized loops in physics .
+1	The actual form of the signal is impossible to determine analytically , which lead to use of numerical methods .	From Einstein 's theory we know that besides the electromagnetic spectrum , objects like quasars , active galactic nuclei , pulsars and black holes also generate a physical signal of purely gravitational nature .	Two major approaches emerged .	The first one formulates the gravitational radiation problem as a standard Cauchy initial value problem , while the other approach uses a Characteristic Initial value formulation .	In the strong field region , where caustics in the wavefronts are likely to form , the Cauchy formulation is more advantageous .
+4	Interesting departures from this conformity equilibrium are also possible , including divergence in positions .	We demonstrate that individual behaviors directed at the attainment of distinctiveness can in fact produce complete social conformity .	We thus offer an unexpected generative mechanism for this central social phenomenon .	Specifically , we establish that agents who have fixed needs to be distinct and adapt their positions to achieve distinctiveness goals , can nevertheless self-organize to a limiting state of absolute conformity .	This seemingly paradoxical result is deduced formally from a small number of natural assumptions , and is then explored at length computationally .
+0	We study in detail deep inelastic scattering in the 't Hooft model .	We are able to analytically check current conservation and to obtain analytic expressions for the matrix elements with relative precision O ( 1/Q^2 ) for 1-x & gt ; & gt ; \beta^2/Q^2 .	This allows us to compute the electron-meson differential cross section and its moments with 1/Q^2 precision .	For the former we find maximal violations of quark-hadron duality , as it is expected for a large N_c analysis .	For the latter we find violations of the operator product expansion at next-to-leading order in the 1/Q^2 expansion .
+3	The shell model of convective turbulence yields Kolmogorov 's spectrum .	In this paper we present a unified shell model for stably stratified and convective turbulence .	Numerical simulation of this model for stably stratified flow shows Bolgiano-Obukhbov scaling in which the kinetic energy spectrum varies as $ k^ { -11/5 } $ .	We also observe a dual scaling ( $ k^ { -11/5 } $ and $ k^ { -5/3 } $ ) for a limited range of parameters .	These results are consistent with the energy flux and energy feed due to buoyancy , and are in good agreement with direct numerical simulations of Kumar { \em et al . } [ Phys.Rev .
+4	That is , our relaxation expands the list of identifiable networks with bounded estimation error by 30 % .	One of the purposes of network tomography is to infer the status of parameters ( e.g. , delay ) for the links inside a network through end-to-end probing between ( external ) boundary nodes along predetermined routes .	In this work , we apply concepts from compressed sensing and expander graphs to the delay estimation problem .	We first show that a relative majority of network topologies are not expanders for existing expansion criteria .	Motivated by this challenge , we then relax such criteria , enabling us to acquire simulation evidence that link delays can be estimated for 30 % more networks .
+0	Late time properties of moving relativistic particles are studied .	Within the proper relativistic treatment of the problem we find decay curves of such particles and we show that late time deviations of the survival probability of these particles from the exponential form of the decay law , that is the transition times region between exponential and non-expo\-nen\-tial form of the survival amplitude , occur much earlier than it follows from the classical standard approach boiled down to replace time $ t $ by $ t/\gamma_ { L } $ ( where $ \gamma_ { L } $ is the relativistic Lorentz factor ) in the formula for the survival probability .	The consequence is that fluctuations of the corresponding decay curves can appear much earlier and much more unstable particles have a chance to survive up to these times or later .	It is also shown that fluctuations of the instantaneous energy of the moving unstable particles has a similar form as the fluctuations in the particle rest frame but they are seen by the observer in his rest system much earlier than one could expect replacing $ t $ by $ t/\gamma_ { L } $ in the corresponding expressions for this energy and that the amplitude of these fluctuations can be even larger than it follows from the standard approach .	All these effects seems to be important when interpreting some accelerator experiments with high energy unstable particles and the like ( possible connections of these effects with GSI anomaly are analyzed ) and some results of astrophysical observations .
+4	These curvature invariants contribute to the 1/N^2 corrections of the difference of the 4D anomaly coefficients a and c recently found by Liu and Minasian , which we now have a purely field theoretic method of calculating .	We compute the sub-leading terms in the Tian-Yau-Zelditch asymptotic expansion of the partition function for dual giant gravitons on AdS5 $ \times $ L5 and provide a bulk interpretation in terms of curvature invariants .	We accomplish this by relating the partition function of dual giant gravitons to the Hilbert series for mesonic operators in the CFT .	The coefficients of the subleading terms encode integrated curvature invariants of L5 .	In the same spirit of Martelli , Sparks and Yau , we are able to compute these integrated curvature invariants without explicit knowledge of the Sasaki-Einstein metric on L5 .
+0	The atomic bomb American program known as Manhattan Project has been studied in detail .	Historians argue that the beginning of this program is rooted in the letter Einstein sent to American President Roosevelt in the summer of 1939 .	This article examines Einstein 's activities before 1933 as radical pacifist in favor of the principles of universal disarmament and outspoken supporter of individual war resistance and the shift of this posture when Hitler came to power in 1933 .	In this context , we discuss the role played by nuclear physicists during the Second World War and Einstein 's decision to promote the construction of an atomic weapon in the United States .	Finally , the article analyzes Einstein 's struggle against the atomic race during the beginning of the cold war .
+1	High-contrast imaging is currently the only available technique for the study of the thermodynamical and compositional properties of exoplanets in long-period orbits .	Context .	The SPICES project is a coronagraphic space telescope dedicated to the spectro-polarimetric analysis of gaseous and icy giant planets as well as super-Earths at visible wavelengths .	So far , studies for high-contrast imaging instruments have mainly focused on technical feasibility because of the challenging planet/star flux ratio of 10-8-10-10 required at short separations ( 200 mas or so ) to image cold exoplanets .	However , the analysis of planet atmospheric/surface properties has remained largely unexplored.Aims .
+3	The novel CP-odd tadpole renormalization may then be determined from the minimization constraints on the Higgs potential .	We consider an Abelian model with a CP-conserving Higgs potential spanned by two complex Higgs fields .	The CP invariance of the Higgs potential is then broken explicitly beyond the Born approximation by introducing soft-CP-violating Yukawa interactions .	Based on the non-renormalization theorem , we derive the consistency conditions under which a CP-odd counterterm exists and , at the same time , renders the one-loop-induced mixing of a CP-even Higgs boson with a CP-odd Higgs scalar ultra-violet finite .	Finally , we discuss the phenomenological consequences of the so-generated CP-violating scalar-pseudoscalar mixing for the electric dipole moments of neutron , electron and muon .
+4	In this range of stages , 21+-3 % and 28+-5 % of the rings are passive according to the FUV and H\alpha\ indicators , respectively .	In this Letter , I distinguish `` passive '' inner rings as those with no current star formation , as distinct from `` active '' inner rings that have undergone recent star formation .	I built a sample of nearby galaxies with inner rings observed in the near- and mid-infrared from the NIRS0S and the S4G surveys .	I used archival far-ultraviolet ( FUV ) and H\alpha\ imaging of 319 galaxies to diagnose whether their inner rings are passive or active .	I found that passive rings are found only in early-type disc galaxies ( -3 & lt ; =T & lt ; =2 ) .
+2	This considerably extends the similarity and unitary classification of homogeneous operators in the Cowen-Douglas class obtained recently by the last author and A. Kor\ ' { a } nyi .	In this paper we study quasi-homogeneous operators , which include the homogeneous operators , in the Cowen-Douglas class .	We give two separate theorems describing canonical models ( with respect to equivalence under unitary and invertible operators , respectively ) for these operators using techniques from complex geometry .	Specifically , the complex geometric invariants used for our classification are the curvature and the second fundamental forms inherent in the definition of a quasi-homogeneous operator .	We show that these operators are irreducible and determine when they are strongly irreducible .
+0	AIM : To study the variation of the angular momentum and the rotational kinetic energy of the Sun , and associated variations in the gravitational multipole moments , on a timescale of the solar cycle .	METHOD : Inverting helioseismic rotational splitting data obtained by the Global Oscillation Network Group and by the Michelson Doppler Imager on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory .	RESULTS : The temporal variation in angular momentum and kinetic energy at high latitudes ( & gt ; \pi/4 ) through the convection zone is positively correlated with solar activity , whereas at low latitudes it is anticorrelated , except for the top 10 % by radius where both are correlated positively .	CONCLUSION : The helioseismic data imply significant temporal variation in the angular momentum and the rotational kinetic energy , and in the gravitational multipole moments .	The properties of that variation will help constrain dynamical theories of the solar cycle .
+3	Deriving reliable asteroseismic information from these observations demands a significant improvement in our analysis methods .	Over the past two decades , helioseismology has revolutionized our understanding of the interior structure and dynamics of the Sun .	Asteroseismology will soon place this knowledge into a broader context by providing structural data for hundreds of Sun-like stars .	Solar-like oscillations have already been detected from the ground in several stars , and NASA 's Kepler mission is poised to unleash a flood of stellar pulsation data .	We report the initial results of our efforts to develop an objective stellar model-fitting pipeline for asteroseismic data .
+1	Given $ 1\leq p & lt ; \infty $ and $ \lambda \in ( 0 , n ) $ , a function $ f $ ( with appropriate bound on its size $ |f| $ ) belongs to Campanato space $ { \mathscr { L } _L^ { p , \lambda } ( { \mathbb { R } ^n } ) } $ associated to an operator $ L $ , provided \begin { eqnarray* } \sup\limits_ { x\in { \mathbb { R } ^n } , \ r & gt ; 0 } r^ { -\lambda } \int_ { B ( x , r ) } |f ( y ) -e^ { -r^mL } f ( y ) |^p \ dy\leq C & lt ; \infty \end { eqnarray* } for a fixed positive constant $ m $ .	Let $ L $ be the infinitesimal generator of an analytic semigroup $ \ { e^ { -tL } \ } _ { t\ge0 } $ on $ L^2 ( { \mathbb R } ^n ) $ with suitable upper bounds on its heat kernels .	These spaces $ { \mathscr { L } _L^ { p , \lambda } ( { \mathbb { R } ^n } ) } $ associated to $ L $ were introduced and studied in \cite { DXY } .	In this article , we will show that for every $ 1\leq p & lt ; \infty $ and $ 0 & lt ; \lambda & lt ; n $ , Campanato space $ \mathscr { L } _L^ { p , \lambda } ( \mathbb { R } ^n ) $ ( modulo the kernel spaces ) coincides with Morrey space $ { L } ^ { p , \lambda } ( { \mathbb { R } ^n } ) $ , i.e. $ $ \mathscr { L } _L^ { p , \lambda } ( \mathbb { R } ^n ) /\mathcal { K } _ { L , p } = { L } ^ { p , \lambda } ( \mathbb { R } ^n ) , $ $ where $ \mathcal { K } _ { L , p } =\ { f\in \mathcal { M } _p : \ e^ { -tL } f ( x ) =f ( x ) \ { \rm for \ almost \ all } \ x\in\mathbb { R } ^n \ { \rm and \ all } \ t & gt ; 0\ } .	$ As an application , we will study the problem of the characterization of Poisson integrals of Schr\ '' odinger operators with traces in Morrey spaces $ { L } ^ { 2 , \lambda } ( \mathbb { R } ^n ) $ .
+3	We investigate further the structure of the reduced one-pair amplitude , concentrating especially on multiple-particle corrections .	We study higher-order effects in the electromagnetic production of electron-positron pairs in relativistic heavy ion collisions .	Treating the field of the heavy ions as an external field and neglecting the interaction among electrons and positrons , we show that the $ N $ -pair creation amplitude is the antisymmetrised product of $ N $ one-pair creation amplitudes and the vacuum amplitude .	Neglecting contributions coming from exchange terms , we show that the total probability for $ N $ pairs is approximately a Poisson distribution .	We calculate the first of these corrections in second order Magnus theory based on our previous result in second-order Born approximation for impact parameter $ b $ zero .
+2	Such integrals are solutions of Painlev\'e-like equations .	In testing the independence of two Gaussian populations , one computes the distribution of the sample canonical correlation coefficients , given that the actual correlation is zero .	The `` Laplace transform '' of this distribution is not only an integral over the Grassmannian of p-dimensional planes in complex n-space , but is also related to a generalized hypergeometric function .	They also have expansions , related to random words of length l formed with an alphabet of p letters .	Given that each letter appears in the word , the maximal length of the disjoint union of p increasing subsequences of the word clearly equals l. But the maximal length of the disjoint union of p-1 increasing subsequences leads to a non-trivial distribution .
+0	We consider an adversarial online learning setting where a decision maker can choose an action in every stage of the game .	In addition to observing the reward of the chosen action , the decision maker gets side observations on the reward he would have obtained had he chosen some of the other actions .	The observation structure is encoded as a graph , where node i is linked to node j if sampling i provides information on the reward of j .	This setting naturally interpolates between the well-known `` experts '' setting , where the decision maker can view all rewards , and the multi-armed bandits setting , where the decision maker can only view the reward of the chosen action .	We develop practical algorithms with provable regret guarantees , which depend on non-trivial graph-theoretic properties of the information feedback structure .
+0	We present results from the earliest observations of DEBRIS , a Herschel Key Programme to conduct a volume- and flux-limited survey for debris discs in A-type through M-type stars .	PACS images ( from chop/nod or scan-mode observations ) at 100 and 160 micron are presented toward two A-type stars and one F-type star : beta Leo , beta UMa and eta Corvi .	All three stars are known disc hosts .	Herschel spatially resolves the dust emission around all three stars ( marginally , in the case of beta UMa ) , providing new information about discs as close as 11 pc with sizes comparable to that of the Solar System .	We have combined these data with existing flux density measurements of the discs to refine the SEDs and derive estimates of the fractional luminosities , temperatures and radii of the discs .
+0	We describe the first convergent numerical method to determine static black hole solutions ( with S^3 horizon ) in 5d compactified spacetime .	We obtain a family of solutions parametrized by the ratio of the black hole size and the size of the compact extra dimension .	The solutions satisfy the demanding integrated first law .	For small black holes our solutions approach the 5d Schwarzschild solution and agree very well with new theoretical predictions for the small corrections to thermodynamics and geometry .	The existence of such black holes is thus established .
+3	$ K^- $ are continuously produced but also very quickly reabsorbed leading to an almost identical rate for production and reabsorption .	In heavy ion reactions at energies around 1-2 AGeV the measured $ K^- $ yields appear rather high as compared to pp collisions as shown by the KaoS collaboration .	Employing IQMD simulations , we show that this is caused by the fact that the dominant production channel is not $ BB\to BBK^+K^- $ but the mesonic $ \Lambda ( \Sigma ) \pi \to K^-B $ reaction .	Because the $ \Lambda $ ( $ \Sigma $ ) stem from the reaction $ BB \to \Lambda ( \Sigma ) K^+ B $ , the $ K^+ $ and the $ K^- $ yield are strongly correlated , i.e.the $ K^-/K^+ $ ratio occurs to be nearly independent of the impact parameter as found experimentally .	The final $ K^- $ yield is strongly influenced by the $ K^+N $ ( due to their production via the $ \Lambda ( \Sigma ) $ ) but very little by the $ K^- $ N potential .
+2	We begin with the classical case , and show that a classical two-copy expander can be used to produce a quantum expander .	We introduce the concept of quantum tensor product expanders .	These are expanders that act on several copies of a given system , where the Kraus operators are tensor products of the Kraus operator on a single system .	We then discuss the quantum case and give applications to the Solovay-Kitaev problem .	We give probabilistic constructions in both classical and quantum cases , giving tight bounds on the expectation value of the largest nontrivial eigenvalue in the quantum case .
+4	The preferred form of the condensate is a product of the real kink crystal and the chiral spiral .	The two-dimensional , massless Gross-Neveu model with Nc colors and SU ( 2 ) isospin is studied analytically in the large Nc limit .	The chiral SU ( 2 ) L X SU ( 2 ) R symmetry is broken spontaneously in the vacuum .	Twisted kinks connecting two arbitrary points on the vacuum manifold S3 are constructed , and their properties are explored .	The phase diagram as a function of temperature , baryon- and isospin chemical potential is discussed , with special emphasis on inhomogeneous phases .
+1	In consequence , whenever one encounters `plus ' or `times ' one has certain freedom of interpreting this operation .	Arithmetic operations can be defined in various ways , even if one assumes commutativity and associativity of addition and multiplication , and distributivity of multiplication with respect to addition .	This leads to some freedom in definitions of derivatives , integrals and , thus , practically all equations occurring in natural sciences .	A change of realization of arithmetic , without altering the remaining structures of a given equation , plays the same role as a symmetry transformation .	An appropriate construction of arithmetic turns out to be particularly important for dynamical systems in fractal space-times .
+3	We can rule out emission lines contributing all of the observed broadband flux in $ H_ { 160 } $ band at $ 70\sigma $ , allowing us to exclude the $ z\sim8 $ candidate as a low redshift interloper with broadband photometry dominated by strong emission lines .	We present a detailed analysis of an individual case of gravitational lensing of a $ z\sim8 $ Lyman-Break galaxy ( LBG ) in a blank field , identified in Hubble Space Telescope imaging obtained as part of the Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies survey .	To investigate the close proximity of the bright ( $ m_ { AB } =25.8 $ ) $ Y_ { 098 } $ -dropout to a small group of foreground galaxies , we obtained deep spectroscopy of the dropout and two foreground galaxies using VLT/X-Shooter .	We detect H- $ \alpha $ , H- $ \beta $ , [ OIII ] and [ OII ] emission in the brightest two foreground galaxies ( unresolved at the natural seeing of $ 0.8 $ arcsec ) , placing the pair at $ z=1.327 $ .	The foreground galaxy pair lies at the peak of the luminosity , redshift and separation distributions for deflectors of strongly lensed $ z\sim8 $ objects , and we make a marginal detection of a demagnified secondary image in the deepest ( $ J_ { 125 } $ ) filter .
+3	The best-fitting models point to a mechanism where radiation increases the rate of clonal expansion .	Mechanistic multi-stage models are used to analyze lung-cancer mortality after Plutonium exposure in the Mayak-workers cohort , with follow-up until 2008 .	Besides the established two-stage model with clonal expansion , models with three mutation stages as well as a model with two distinct pathways to cancer are studied .	The results suggest that three-stage models offer an improved description of the data .	This is interpreted in terms of changes in cell-cycle control mediated by bystander signaling or repopulation following cell killing .
+0	We present the first observations of the Frontier Fields Cluster Abell S1063 taken with the newly commissioned Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer ( MUSE ) integral field spectrograph .	Because of the relatively large field of view ( 1 arcmin^2 ) , MUSE is ideal to simultaneously target multiple galaxies in blank and cluster fields over the full optical spectrum .	We analysed the four hours of data obtained in the Science Verification phase on this cluster and measured redshifts for 53 galaxies .	We confirm the redshift of five cluster galaxies , and determine the redshift of 29 other cluster members .	Behind the cluster , we find 17 galaxies at higher redshift , including three previously unknown Lyman-alpha emitters at z & gt ; 3 , and five multiply-lensed galaxies .
+3	For the Reissner-Nordstrom EBH with a total mass M_ { tot } and charge Q we show that for all cases of physical interest M_ { tot } & lt ; Q .	We consider the effect of backreaction of quantized massive fields on the metric of extreme black holes ( EBH ) .	We find the analytical approximate expression for the stress-energy tensor for a scalar ( with an arbitrary coupling ) , spinor and vector fields near an event horizon .	We show that , independent of a concrete type of EBH , the energy measured by a freely falling observer is finite on the horizon , so that quantum backreaction is consistent with the existence of EBH .	We also discuss different types of quantum-corrected Bertotti-Robinson spacetimes , find for them exact self-consistent solutions and consider situations in which tiny quantum corrections lead to the qualitative change of the classical geometry and topology .
+1	Many methods have been proposed for this setting , but the connections and differences between their statistical formulations have received less attention .	Network inference approaches are now widely used in biological applications to probe regulatory relationships between molecular components such as genes or proteins .	In this paper , we show how a broad class of statistical network inference methods , including a number of existing approaches , can be described in terms of variable selection for the linear model .	This reveals some subtle but important differences between the methods , including the treatment of time intervals in discretely observed data .	In developing a general formulation , we also explore the relationship between single-cell stochastic dynamics and network inference on averages over cells .
+4	This set of critical exponents places the continuous phase transition of Axelrod 's model apart from the known universality classes of nonequilibrium lattice models .	Axelrod 's model in the square lattice with nearest-neighbors interactions exhibits culturally homogeneous as well as culturally fragmented absorbing configurations .	In the case the agents are characterized by $ F=2 $ cultural features and each feature assumes $ k $ states drawn from a Poisson distribution of parameter $ q $ these regimes are separated by a continuous transition at $ q_c = 3.10 \pm 0.02 $ .	Using Monte Carlo simulations and finite size scaling we show that the mean density of cultural domains $ \mu $ is an order parameter of the model that vanishes as $ \mu \sim \left ( q - q_c \right ) ^\beta $ with $ \beta = 0.67 \pm 0.01 $ at the critical point .	In addition , for the correlation length critical exponent we find $ \nu = 1.63 \pm 0.04 $ and for Fisher 's exponent , $ \tau = 1.76 \pm 0.01 $ .
+3	However , in some areas , such as Enterprise Information Systems , requirements are identified by Business Process Modeling - which uses graphical notations of the underlying business processes .	A classical problem in Software Engineering is how to certify that every system requirement is correctly implemented by source code .	This problem , albeit well studied , can still be considered an open one , given the problems faced by software development organizations .	Trying to solve this problem , Behavior-Driven Development ( BDD ) is a specification technique that automatically certifies that all functional requirements are treated properly by source code , through the connection of the textual description of these requirements to automated tests .	Therefore , the aim of this paper is to present Business Language Driven Development ( BLDD ) , a method that aims to extend BDD , by connecting business process models directly to source code , while keeping the expressiveness of text descriptions when they are better fitted than graphical artifacts .
+2	This decrease is due mainly to an increase in potential energy which is not high enough to counterbalance the increase in volume due to the addition of water .	Systems of Cooee bitumen and water up to 4 mass % are studied by molecular dynamics simula- tions .	The cohesive energy density of the system is shown to decrease with an increasing water content .	It is not due to a decrease of potential energy between the slightly polar asphaltene molecules .	The water molecules tend to form a droplet in bitumen .
+3	When a direct detection instrument is reduced in size for cost reasons , the point spread function ( PSF ) becomes broader , making it more difficult to distinguish a point source from a `` blob '' of exozodi light .	For exoplanet direct detection mission concepts such as Terrestrial Planet Finder or Exoplanet Probe , light from the exozodiacal dust tends to obscure any exoplanets present in the image .	Data analysis methods to identify point sources against this background have been very simple , traditionally with the simplifying assumption that the exozodi is uniformly distributed , just as our local zodiacal background is uniform over several-arcsec scales .	However , the typical size of an exozodi cloud is expected to be comparable to the typical exoplanet orbital radii , or at least those of greatest interest_ the `` habitable zone '' range from 0.7-1.5 AU .	In this case , the shot-noise limited integration time may not be enough ; instead we may need an elevated signal-to-noise ratio and/or later measurements to resolve ambiguities in the image data , identify a point source with a calculable and high confidence level , and isolate the exozodi and exoplanet contributions to the observed light profile .
+1	The observations were carried out between 2001 October and December , in 2002 January and December , and in 2003 January .	We present K-band commissioning observations of the Mira star prototype o Cet obtained at the ESO Very Large Telescope Interferometer ( VLTI ) with the VINCI instrument and two siderostats .	Rosseland angular radii are derived from the measured visibilities by fitting theoretical visibility functions obtained from center-to-limb intensity variations ( CLVs ) of Mira star models ( Bessel et al .	1996 , Hofmann et al .	1998 , Tej et al.2003 ) .
+3	We also present numerical evidence that the normalized derivative cocycle with the base dynamics in the Cantor set is ergodic .	It has been shown in ( Gaidashev et al , 2010 ) and ( Gaidashev et al , 2011 ) that infinitely renormalizable area-preserving maps admit invariant Cantor sets with a maximal Lyapunov exponent equal to zero .	Furthermore , the dynamics on these Cantor sets for any two infinitely renormalizable maps is conjugated by a transformation that extends to a differentiable function whose derivative is Holder continuous of exponent alpha & gt ; 0 .	In this paper we investigate numerically the specific value of alpha .	Finally , we compute renormalization eigenvalues to a high accuracy to support a conjecture that the renormalization spectrum is real .
+1	We use this information in a new method for modeling the coronal magnetic field of AR 11158 as a nonlinear force-free field ( NLFFF ) .	The shapes of solar coronal loops are sensitive to the presence of electrical currents that are the carriers of the nonpotential energy available for impulsive activity .	The observations used are coronal images around time of major flare activity on 2011/02/15 , together with the surface line-of-sight magnetic field measurements .	The data are from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly ( HMI and AIA , respectively ) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory ( SDO ) .	The model fields are constrained to approximate the coronal loop configurations as closely as possible , while also subject to the force-free constraints .
+0	This notes are additional remarks to an article of Broussous and Stevens [ arXiv : math/0402228v1 ] .	We consider a unitary group G over a non-Archimedean local field k_0 of residue characteristic different from two and an element \beta\ of the Lie algebra \mf { g } of G. Let H be the centralizer of \beta\ in G. We further assume k_0 [ \beta ] to be semisimple .	We prove that there is an affine H-equivariant map between the Bruhat-Tits buildings B ( H ) \ra B ( G ) which is compatible with the Lie-algebra filtrations ( CLF ) and maps apartments into apartments .	The map is toral if \beta\ is separable .	For simplicity let us now assume that \beta\ is separable , especially the centralizer bH of \beta\ in the reductive algebraic group defined by G is itself reductive , defined over k_0 and a product of Weil restrictions of classical groups .
+1	Valence ( $ ns , np $ ) correlations are evaluated using the coupled cluster approach with single and double excitations .	Correlated ab-initio ground-state calculations , using relativistic energy-consistent pseudopotentials , are performed for six II-VI semiconductors .	An incremental scheme is applied based on correlation contributions of localized bond orbitals and of pairs and triples of such bonds .	In view of the high polarity of the bonds in II-VI compounds , we examine both , ionic and covalent embedding schemes for the calculation of individual bond increments .	Also , a partitioning of the correlation energy according to local ionic increments is tested .
+4	This information also suggests in a rather model independent way that penguin amplitudes will not be a serious complicating factor in the determination of $ \alpha $ from the $ \pi^ { + } \pi^ { - } $ time dependent asymmetry .	The influence of strong and electroweak penguin amplitudes in $ B/ \bar B \rightarrow \pi^+\pi^- $ is investigated in connection with the determination of the unitarity triangle angle $ \alpha $ of the CKM matrix .	A relation between the observable asymmetry , the angle $ \alpha $ , and the penguin amplitude is established .	A model calculation of the penguin amplitude shows that the CP asymmetry in $ B^ { 0 } \rightarrow \pi^ { + } \pi^ { - } $ decays is only mildly influenced by the penguin amplitudes .	Experimental limits on pure penguin and penguin dominated processes are consistent with the model .
+2	The broadband maps show the dust distribution over the main Helix nebula to be clumpy and predominantly present in the barrel wall .	In our series of papers presenting the Herschel imaging of evolved planetary nebulae , we present images of the dust distribution in the Helix nebula ( NGC 7293 ) .	Images at 70 , 160 , 250 , 350 , and 500 micron were obtained with the PACS and SPIRE instruments on board the Herschel satellite .	We determined the spectral energy distribution of the main nebula in a consistent way using Herschel , IRAS , and Planck flux values .	The emissivity index of 0.99 +/- 0.09 , in combination with the carbon rich molecular chemistry of the nebula , indicates that the dust consists mainly of amorphous carbon .
+2	If A = k [ X ] , the ring of regular functions of a variety X , then trace-surjective group actions on A are characterized geometrically by the fact that all point stabilizers on X are p'-subgroups or , equivalently , that A is a Galois extension of the ring of P invariants for every Sylow p-group P of G. We investigate categorical properties , using a version of Frobenius-reciprocity for group actions on k-algebras , which is based on tensor induction for modules .	Let k be a field of positive characteristic p and let G be a finite group .	In this paper we study the category TsG of finitely generated commutative k-algebras A on which G acts by algebra automorphisms with surjective trace .	We also describe projective generators in TsG , extending and generalizing the investigations started in [ 8 ] , [ 7 ] and [ 9 ] in the case of p-groups .	As an application we show that for an abelian or p-elementary group G and k large enough , there is always a faithful ( possibly nonlinear ) action on a polynomial ring such that the ring of invariants is also a polynomial ring .
+2	Within this algorithm the uncertainties due to both the intrinsic distribution of galaxy shapes and galaxy shape estimation are carried through to the final mass reconstruction , and the mass within arbitrarily shaped apertures can be calculated with corresponding uncertainties .	We develop the maximum-entropy weak shear mass reconstruction method presented in earlier papers by taking each background galaxy image shape as an independent estimator of the reduced shear field and incorporating an intrinsic smoothness into the reconstruction .	The characteristic length scale of this smoothing is determined by Bayesian methods .	We apply this method to two clusters taken from n-body simulations using mock observations corresponding to Keck LRIS and mosaiced HST WFPC2 fields .	We demonstrate that the Bayesian choice of smoothing length is sensible and that masses within apertures ( including one on a filamentary structure ) are reliable , provided the field of view is not too small .
+1	The minimization problem is reduced to the computation of a path integral .	A formulation of variational principles in terms of functional integrals is proposed for any type of local plastic potentials .	This integral can be used as a starting point for different approximations .	As a first application , it is shown how to compute to second-order the weak-disorder perturbative expansion of the effective potentials in random composite .	The three-dimensional results of Suquet and Ponte-Casta\~neda ( 1993 ) for the plastic dissipation potential with uniform applied tractions are retrieved and extended to any space dimension , taking correlations into account .
+2	Here , we report the development of in-situ X-ray nanodiffraction to measure atomic-resolution diffraction patterns from single grains with up to 5 millisecond temporal resolution , and make the first real-time observation of grain rotation and lattice deformation during photoinduced chemical reactions .	In-situ X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) have been used to investigate many physical science phenomena , ranging from phase transitions , chemical reaction and crystal growth to grain boundary dynamics .	A major limitation of in-situ XRD and TEM is a compromise that has to be made between spatial and temporal resolution .	The grain rotation and lattice deformation associated with the chemical reactions are quantified to be as fast as 3.25 rad./sec .	and as large as 0.5 Angstroms , respectively .
+3	We review how mixing between electron neutrinos and sterile neutrinos can significantly enhance the shock energy , and even a model that does not explode can be made to explode by this mechanism .	We review the impact of sterile neutrino dark matter on core-collapse supernova explosions .	We summarize various oscillations between electron neutrinos or mixed $ \mu-\tau $ neutrinos and right-handed sterile neutrinos that have been studied within a supernova model .	In particular , we consider sterile neutrino masses and mixing angles that are consistent with sterile neutrino dark matter candidates as indicated by recent x-ray flux measurements .	However , the mixing between $ \mu-\tau $ neutrinos and sterile neutrinos does not significantly alter the explosion and has little effect on the neutrino luminosities at early times .
+1	We present integral field data of this galaxy from the ANU Wide Field Spectrograph ( WiFeS ) .	ESO 148-IG002 represents a transformative stage of galaxy evolution , containing two galaxies at close separation which are currently coalescing into a single galaxy .	We analyse our integral field data using optical line ratio maps and velocity maps .	We apply active galactic nucleus ( AGN ) , star-burst and shock models to investigate the relative contribution from star-formation , shock excitation and AGN activity to the optical emission in this key merger stage .	We find that ESO 148-IG002 has a flat metallicity gradient , consistent with a recent gas inflow .
+4	In addition we show that one can obtain a similar result for the two-component Hunter-Saxton equation and discuss the case of the non-homogenous Sobolev one metric which is related to the Camassa-Holm equation .	In this article we study Sobolev metrics of order one on diffeomorphism groups on the real line .	We prove that the space $ \operatorname { Diff } _ { 1 } ( \mathbb R ) $ equipped with the homogenous Sobolev metric of order one is a flat space in the sense of Riemannian geometry , as it is isometric to an open subset of a mapping space equipped with the flat $ L^2 $ -metric .	Here $ \operatorname { Diff } _ { 1 } ( \mathbb R ) $ denotes the extension of the group of all either compactly supported , rapidly decreasing or $ H^\infty $ -diffeomorphisms , that allows for a shift towards infinity .	In particular this result provides an analytic solution formula for the corresponding geodesic equation , the non-periodic Hunter-Saxton equation .
+2	In this note we further develop this approach , and propose three natural conjectures which imply the three parts of the CDSW conjecture .	Recently , motivated by supersymmetric gauge theory , Cachazo , Douglas , Seiberg , and Witten proposed a conjecture about finite dimensional simple Lie algebras , and checked it in the classical cases .	Later V. Kac and the author proposed a uniform approach to this conjecture , based on the theory of abelian ideals in the Borel subalgebra ; this allowed them to check the conjecture for type G_2 .	In a sense , these conjectures explain why the CDSW conjecture should be true .	We show that our conjectures hold for classical Lie algebras and for G_2 ; this , in particular , gives a purely algebraic proof of the CDSW conjecture for SO ( N ) ( the original proof , due to Witten , uses the theory of instantons ) .
+1	While CZTS is composed of earth abundant and non-toxic elements , arranged in the kesterite crystal structure , there is a synthetic challenge to produce high-quality stoichiometric materials over large areas .	Thin-film solar cells based on the semiconductor Cu $ _2 $ ZnSnS $ _4 $ ( CZTS ) are a promising candidate for Terawatt-scale renewable energy generation .	We calculate the thermodynamic potentials of CZTS and its elemental and binary components based on energetic and vibrational data computed using density functional theory .	These chemical potentials are combined to produce a thermodynamic model for the stability of CZTS under arbitrary temperatures and pressures , which provide insights into the materials chemistry .	CZTS was shown to be thermodynamically stable with respect to its component elements and their major binary phases binaries under modest partial pressure of sulfur and temperatures below 1100K .
+1	Instead of considering any ad-hoc assumption for the variation of \Lambda , we consider a particular symmetry , the contracted Ricci-collineation along the fluid flow , in Einstein 's theory .	Models with a dynamic cosmological term \Lambda ( t ) are becoming popular as they solve the cosmological constant problem in a natural way .	We show that apart from having interesting properties , this symmetry does require \Lambda to be a function of the scale factor of the Robertson-Walker metric .	In order to test the consistency of the resulting model with observations , we study the magnitude-redshift relation for the type Ia supernovae data from Perlmutter et al .	The data fit the model very well and require a positive non-zero \Lambda and a negative deceleration parameter .
+3	For the definition of an optimal Hubbard model , we demonstrate a scheme that allows for the efficient computation of Wannier functions .	We study the ground-state properties of ultracold bosonic atoms in a state-dependent graphene-like honeycomb optical lattice , where the degeneracy between the two triangular sublattices A and B can be lifted .	We discuss the various geometries accessible with this lattice setup and present a novel scheme to control the energy offset with external magnetic fields .	The competition of the on-site interaction with the offset energy leads to Mott phases characterized by population imbalances between the sublattices .	Using a cluster mean-field method , we compute the phase diagrams and provide a universal representation for arbitrary energy offsets .
+1	All for are tangential to the three straight lines containing the triangles ' three sides .	There are four characteristic circles for each triangle on a plane .	Three are exterior circles , the fourth is the in-circle .	When the triangle is Pythagorean , the four diameters are integers .	Consider a Pythagorean triangle with the property that one leglength is a perfect ( or integer ) square , and with one of the four diameters also a integer square.Of the eight resulting combinations , we prove that only six are possible or can occur .
+4	At our current noise level , the plasmonic enhancement of these nanorods could enable detection of proteins with radii as small as a = 2 nm .	We detect 39 nm x 10 nm gold nanorods using a microtoroid stabilized via the Pound-Drever-Hall method .	Real-time detection is achieved with signal-to-noise ratios up to 12.2 .	These nanoparticles are a factor of three smaller in volume than any other nanoparticle detected using WGM sensing to date .	We show through repeated experiments that the measurements are reliable , and verify the presence of single nanorods on the microtoroid surface using electron microscopy .
+3	We compute the magnetic field produced by the OCP at each lattice site , and estimate its value in view of a possible experimental detection .	We investigate the physical consequences of orbital current patterns ( OCP ) in doped two-leg Cu-O Hubbard ladders .	The internal symmetry of the pattern , in the case of the ladder structure , differs slightly from that suggested so far for cuprates .	We focus on this OCP and look for measurable signatures of its existence .	Using a renormalization group ( RG ) analysis , we determine the changes that are caused by the SU ( 2 ) spin-rotational symmetry breaking which occurs when the OCP is present in the ground state phase diagram .
+3	Introduction of holes , due to the As doping , in ZnO films is further evidenced by the Cu L3,2-edge spectra .	We report the successful synthesis of ZnO : Cu thin films doped with holes , resulting in room temperature ferromagnetism .	Hole doping is achieved by As-diffusion from the GaAs substrate into ZnO films , assisted by thermal annealing .	The As-diffusion is probed with the help of x-ray absorption spectra collected at the As K-edge which show enhanced signature of diffusion in the annealed samples .	XMCD and magnetic measurements show that the ferromagnetic interaction between doped Cu ions is enhanced after hole doping .
+3	In the present paper we consider deformations of the standard p-adic metric in many dimensions and construct some corresponding groups of transformations .	The approach to p-adic wavelet theory from the point of view of representation theory is discussed .	p-Adic wavelet frames can be constructed as orbits of some p-adic groups of transformations .	These groups are automorphisms of the tree of balls in the p-adic space .	We build several examples of p-adic wavelet bases .
+0	New evaluation of the relativistic effects in the double production of $ S $ -wave charmonium states is performed on the basis of perturbative QCD and the relativistic quark model .	The main improvement consists in the exact account of properties of the relativistic meson wave functions .	For the gluon and quark propagators entering the production vertex function we use a truncated expansion in the ratio of the relative quark momenta to the center-of-mass energy $ \sqrt { s } $ up to the second order .	The exact relativistic treatment of the wave functions makes all such second order terms convergent , thus allowing the reliable calculation of their contributions to the production cross section .	Compared to the nonrelativistic calculation we obtain a significant increase of the cross sections for the $ S $ -wave double charmonium production .
+4	With the recent emergence of cloud computing , we show that this system can also be adopted to run on the cloud .	Advances in web technologies have driven massive content uploads and requests that can be identified by the increased usage of multimedia web and social web services .	This situation enforces the content providers to scale their infrastructure in order to cope with the extra provisioning of network traffic , storage and other resources .	Since the complexity and cost factors in scaling the infrastructure exist , we propose a novel solution for providing and delivering contents to clients by introducing a brokered collaborative content delivery system .	The architectural design of this system leverages content redundancy and content distribution mechanisms in other content providers to deliver contents to the clients .
+0	In the last few years the realization has emerged that the universal baryons are almost equally distributed by mass in three components : ( 1 ) galactic concentrations , ( 2 ) a warm-hot intergalactic medium ( WHIM ) and ( 3 ) a diffuse intergalactic medium .	These three components are predicted by hydrodynamical simulations and are probed by QSO absorption lines .	To observe the WHIM in neutral hydrogen , observations are needed which are deeper than log ( N $ _ { HI } $ ) =18 .	The WHIM should appear as a Cosmic Web , underlying the galaxies with higher column densities .	We have used the WSRT , to simulate a filled aperture by observing at very high hour angles , to reach very high column density sensitivity .
+2	For a small sphere , a closed-form approximation of the scattered wave field at the source of the incident spherical wave is obtained .	We study the direct and inverse scattering problems when the incident electromagnetic field is a time harmonic point- generated wave in a chiral medium and the scatterer is a perfectly conducting sphere .	The exact Green s function and the electric far-field patterns of the scattering problem are constructed .	These near-field results lead to the solution of an inverse problem .	We also treat the same inverse problem using far-field results via the leading order term in the low-frequency asymptotic expansion of the scattering cross-section .
+3	We show that server architectures for mobile messaging services are highly centralized in single countries .	Mobile messaging services have gained a large share in global telecommunications .	Unlike conventional services like phone calls , text messages or email , they do not feature a standardized environment enabling a federated and potentially local service architecture .	We present an extensive and large-scale analysis of communication patterns for four popular mobile messaging services between 28 countries and analyze the locality of communication and the resulting impact on user privacy .	This forces messages to drastically deviate from a direct communication path , enabling hosting and transfer countries to potentially intercept and censor traffic .
+3	We use SUSY quantum mechanics to study the RKKY interaction on bipartite lattices .	Carrier-mediated Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida ( RKKY ) interaction plays an important role in itinerant magnetism .	There have been intense interest on its general trend on bipartite lattice with particle-hole symmetry .	In particular , recently fabricated graphene is well described by the honeycomb lattice within tight-binding approximation .	The SUSY structure naturally differentiate the zero modes and those paired states at finite energies .
+2	For highly supercritical dynamos a very good agreement with the data is achieved .	The asymmetric shape of reversals of the Earth 's magnetic field indicates a possible connection with relaxation oscillations as they were early discussed by van der Pol .	A simple mean-field dynamo model with a spherically symmetric $ \alpha $ coefficient is analysed with view on this similarity , and a comparison of the time series and the phase space trajectories with those of paleomagnetic measurements is carried out .	Deviations of numerical reversal sequences from Poisson statistics are analysed and compared with paleomagnetic data .	The role of the inner core is discussed in a spectral theoretical context and arguments and numerical evidence is compiled that the growth of the inner core might be important for the long term changes of the reversal rate and the occurrence of superchrons .
+2	The primary goal of this article is to provide combinatorial proofs in answer to Andrews ' request .	Andrews recently introduced k-marked Durfee symbols which are connected to moments of Dyson 's rank .	By these connections , Andrews deduced their generating functions and some combinatorial properties and left their purely combinatorial proofs as open problems .	We obtain a relation between k-marked Durfee symbols and Durfee symbols by constructing bijections , and all identities on k-marked Durfee symbols given by Andrews could follow from this relation .	In a similar manner , we also prove the identities due to Andrews on k-marked odd Durfee symbols combinatorially , which resemble ordinary k-marked Durfee symbols with a modified subscript and with odd numbers as entries .
+4	We calculate the pressure and various thermodynamical observables derived from it and compare them to the continuum extrapolated lattice results of the Wuppertal-Budapest collaboration .	The chiral phase transition of the strongly interacting matter is investigated at nonzero temperature and baryon chemical potential mu_B within an extended ( 2+1 ) flavor Polyakov constituent quark-meson model which incorporates the effect of the vector and axial vector mesons .	The effect of the fermionic vacuum and thermal fluctuations computed from the grand potential of the model is taken into account in the curvature masses of the scalar and pseudoscalar mesons .	The parameters of the model are determined by comparing masses and tree-level decay widths with experimental values in a chi^2-minimization procedure which selects between various possible assignments of scalar nonet states to physical particles .	We examine the restoration of the chiral symmetry by monitoring the temperature evolution of condensates and the chiral partners ' masses and of the mixing angles for the pseudoscalar eta-eta ' and the corresponding scalar complex .
+3	We study here closure properties of the family LOC_omega of locally finite omega languages .	Locally finite omega languages were introduced by Ressayre in [ Journal of Symbolic Logic , Volume 53 , No .	4 , p.1009-1026 ] .	They generalize omega languages accepted by finite automata or defined by monadic second order sentences .	In particular we show that the class LOC_omega is neither closed under intersection nor under complementation , giving an answer to a question of Ressayre .
+4	Basing on our numerical results , we propose that in the considered situation the probability density distribution among different collision numbers is a lognormal distribution .	We consider diffusion processes with the help of Markov random walk models .	Especially the process of diffusion of a relativistic particle in a relativistic equilibrium system is considered .	We interpret one of the results as causal Zeno effect for its similarity to quantum Zeno effect .	Another problem we considered is about collision number .
+1	The entanglement of the initial states and the subsequent time evolution is assured by finding a positive lower bound on the concurrence of local 2x2 projections of the full 2xinfinity JCM density matrix .	An exact density matrix of a phase-damped Jaynes - Cummings model ( JCM ) with entangled Bell-like initial states formed from a model two-state atom and sets of adjacent photon number states of a single mode radiation field is presented .	It is found that the time evolution of the lower bound of the concurrence systematically captures the corresponding collapse and revival features in atomic inversion , relative entropies of atomic and radiation , mutual entropy , and quantum deficit .	The atom and radiation subsystems exhibit alternating sets of collapses and revivals in a complementary fashion due to the initially mixed states of the atom and radiation employed here .	This is in contrast with the result obtained when the initial state of the dissipationless system is a factored pure state of atom and radiation , where the atomic and radiation entropies are necessarily the same .
+3	In this paper we present our solution to the problem .	We have modeled transport properties of nanostructures using the Green 's function method within the framework of the density-functional theory .	The scheme is computationally demanding so that numerical methods have to be chosen carefully .	A typical solution to the numerical burden is to use a special basis-function set , which is tailored to the problem in question , for example , the atomic orbital basis .	We have used the finite element method ( FEM ) with a hierarchical high-order polynomial basis , the so-called p-elements .
+4	In addition , the majority of the HI is rapidly falling towards a nearby galaxy , with non-negligible contributions from outflowing and static gas .	Simulations predict that galaxies grow primarily through the accretion of gas that has not gone through an accretion shock near the virial radius and that this cold gas flows towards the central galaxy along dense filaments and streams .	There is , however , little observational evidence for the existence of these cold flows .	We use a large , cosmological , hydrodynamical simulation that has been post-processed with radiative transfer to study the contribution of cold flows to the observed z=3 column density distribution of neutral hydrogen , which our simulation reproduces .	We find that nearly all of the HI absorption arises in gas that has remained colder than 10^5.5 K , at least while it was extragalactic .
+3	We show that this instability emerges also from the textbook WKB approximation , extend it to time-dependent perturbations , and study the dynamical transition from the ground state of the double well to the perturbed ground state ( in which the cat is typically either dead or alive , depending on the details of the perturbation ) .	We propose a technical reformulation of the measurement problem of quantum mechanics , which is based on the postulate that the final state of a measurement is classical .	Unlike the usual formulation ( in which the post-measurement state is a unit vector in Hilbert space ) , our version actually opens the possibility of admitting a purely technical solution within the confines of conventional quantum theory ( as opposed to solutions that either modify this theory , or introduce unusual and controversial interpretative rules and/or ontologies ) .	To that effect , we recall a remarkable phenomenon in the theory of Schroedinger operators ( discovered in 1981 by Jona-Lasinio et al ) , according to which the ground state of a symmetric double-well Hamiltonian becomes exponentially sensitive to tiny perturbations of the potential as h - & gt ; 0 .	Numerical simulations show that adiabatically arising perturbations may ( quite literally ) cause the collapse of the wave-function in the classical limit .
+3	Perturbative QCD corrections to $ d\Gamma/ds_H $ of order $ \alpha_s^2\beta_0 $ are calculated .	The hadronic invariant mass spectrum for the inclusive charmless semileptonic decay $ B\to X_u e \bar\nu_e $ is studied .	Particular attention is paid to the region $ s_H & lt ; m_D^2 $ , which may be useful for extracting the value of $ |V_ { ub } | $ .	The sensitivity of the spectrum to the parameter $ \bar\Lambda \equiv m_B - m_b $ is explored .	For $ s_H \sim \bar\Lambda m_b $ nonperturbative QCD effects are important and the shape of the invariant mass spectrum is controlled by the B meson matrix element of an infinite sum of local operators .
+3	All of these steps involve graph theoretical or graph algorithmic aspects .	Drug target identification is of significant commercial interest to pharmaceutical companies , and there is a vast amount of research done related to the topic of therapeutic target identification .	Interdisciplinary research in this area involves both the biological network community and the graph algorithms community .	Key steps of a typical therapeutic target identification problem include synthesizing or inferring the complex network of interactions relevant to the disease , connecting this network to the disease-specific behavior , and predicting which components are key mediators of the behavior .	In this perspective , we provide modelling and algorithmic perspectives for therapeutic target identification and highlight a number of algorithmic advances , which have gotten relatively little attention so far , with the hope of strengthening the ties between these two research communities .
+1	The localization lengths along fractal structure for the Anderson model defined on a bifractal are calculated .	Bifractal is a highly anisotropic structure where planar fractals are stacked to form a 3-dimensional lattice .	The critical disorder and the critical exponent of the localization lengths are obtained from the finite size scaling behavior .	The numerical results are in a good agreement with previous results which have been obtained from the localization lengths along the perpendicular direction .	This suggests that the anisotropy of the embedding lattice structure is irrelevant to the critical properties of the localization .
+2	The single-particle parameters of this cluster serve as variational parameters to construct a stationary point of the grand potential of the lattice system .	The variational cluster approximation proposed by Potthoff is applied to the calculation of the single-particle spectral function of the transition metal oxides MnO , CoO and NiO .	Trial self-energies and the numerical value of the Luttinger-Ward functional are obtained by exact diagonalization of a TMO6-cluster .	The stationary point is found by a crossover procedure which allows to go continuously from an array of disconnected clusters to the lattice system .	The self-energy is found to contain irrelevant degrees of freedom which have marginal impact on the grand potential and which need to be excluded to obtain meaningful results .
+0	This paper studies the trade-off between two different kinds of pure exploration : breadth versus depth .	The most biased coin problem asks how many total coin flips are required to identify a `` heavy '' coin from an infinite bag containing both `` heavy '' coins with mean $ \theta_1 \in ( 0,1 ) $ , and `` light '' coins with mean $ \theta_0 \in ( 0 , \theta_1 ) $ , where heavy coins are drawn from the bag with probability $ \alpha \in ( 0,1/2 ) $ .	The key difficulty of this problem lies in distinguishing whether the two kinds of coins have very similar means , or whether heavy coins are just extremely rare .	This problem has applications in crowdsourcing , anomaly detection , and radio spectrum search .	Chandrasekaran et.al .
+1	Methods : We study the symmetries of the Mueller matrix of mirrors to exploit them for polarimetric calibration under the assumptions that only the orientation of the linear polarization plane of the calibration target is known with certainty .	Aims : To propose a method for the polarimetric calibration of large astronomical mirrors that does not require use of special optical devices nor knowledge of the exact polarization properties of the calibration target .	Results : A method is proposed to calibrate the polarization effects of single astronomical mirrors by the observation of calibration targets with known orientation of the linear polarization .	We study the uncertainties of the method and the signal-to-noise ratios required for an acceptable calibration .	We list astronomical targets ready for the method .
+0	An essentially complete new paradigm for dynamical black holes in terms of trapping horizons is presented , including dynamical versions of the physical quantities and laws which were considered important in the classical paradigm for black holes in terms of Killing or event horizons .	Three state functions are identified as surface integrals over marginal surfaces : irreducible mass , angular momentum and charge .	There are three corresponding conservation laws , expressing the rate of change of the state function in terms of flux integrals , or equivalently as divergence laws for associated conserved currents .	The currents of energy and angular momentum include the matter energy tensor in a physically appropriate way , plus terms attributable to an effective energy tensor for gravitational radiation .	Four other state functions are derived : an effective energy , surface gravity , angular speed and electric potential .
+4	Most produced superpartners are invisible !	There is a class of supersymmetric models which is well-motivated by hints of evidence for SUSY and consistent with all existing data .	It is important to study the predictions of these models .	They are characterized by M ( N3 ) & gt ; M ( C1 ) & gt ; M ( snu ) & gt ; M ( N1 ) ( where Ni and Ci are neutralino and chargino mass eigenstates ) , |mu| ~ & lt ; M1 ~ & lt ; M2 ~= M ( Z ) , mu & lt ; 0 , and tan ( beta ) near 1 .	Their LEP signatures are mostly unusual .
+2	In this paper , we make several observations in this regard .	Recent theoretical developments have shown that extra spacetime dimensions can lower the fundamental GUT , Planck , and string scales .	However , recent evidence for neutrino oscillations suggests the existence of light non-zero neutrino masses , which in turn suggests the need for a heavy mass scale via the seesaw mechanism .	First , we point out that allowing the right-handed neutrino to experience extra spacetime dimensions naturally permits the left-handed neutrino mass to be power-law suppressed relative to the masses of the other fermions .	This occurs due to the power-law running of the neutrino Yukawa couplings , and therefore does not require a heavy scale for the right-handed neutrino .
+1	The shape is measured as a radial density profile of monomers belonging to a single dendrimer .	Using small-angle neutron scattering and liquid integral equation theory , we relate the structure factor of flexible dendrimers of 4th generation to their average shape .	From that , we derive an effective interaction of Gaussian form between pairs of dendrimers and compute the structure factor using the hypernetted chain approximation .	Excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental results is obtained , without the use of adjustable parameters .	The present analysis thus strongly supports the previous finding that flexible dendrimers of low generation present fluctuating structures akin to star polymers .
+1	For such a short pulse , the electron dynamics is coherent and is described within the tight-binding model of graphene .	We study the interaction of graphene with ultrashort few femtosecond long optical pulse .	The interaction of optical pulse with graphene is determined by strong wave vector dependence of the interband dipole matrix elements , which are singular at the Dirac points of graphene .	The electron dynamics in optical pulse is highly irreversible with large residual population of the conduction band .	The residual conduction band population as a function of the wave vector is nonuniform with a few localized spots of high conduction band population .
+4	The single particle spectral function in the ordered phase is in good agreement with experiment , in particular a number of dispersionless bands which are not reproduced by most calculations are obtained correctly .	The thermodynamics of the antiferromagnetic ordering transition in NiO and the photoelectron spectra in the antiferromagnetic phase are studied by the Variational Cluster Approximation .	Using realistic Racah parameters to describe the Coulomb interaction in the Ni 3d shell and a Slater-Koster parameter pds which is slightly ( 10 % ) increased over the band structure estimate the calculated Neel temperature is 481 Kelvin ( experimental value : 523 Kelvin ) .	The magnetic susceptibility above TN has Curie-Weiss form .	A significant contribution to the stabilization of the antiferromagnetic phase comes from electron hopping between oxygen which would be missed in theories that consider superexchange along a single bond only .
+2	Then we address the case of gauge bosons in the Feynman and in the Light-Cone gauges .	Within the framework of the covariant formulation of Light-Front Dynamics , we develop a nonperturbative renormalization scheme in the fermion model supposing that the composite fermion is a superposition of the `` bare '' fermion and a fermion+boson state .	We first assume the constituent boson to be spinless .	For all these cases the fermion state vector and the necessary renormalization counterterms are calculated analytically .	It turns out that in Light-Front Dynamics , to restore the rotational invariance , an extra counterterm is needed , having no any analogue in Feynman approach .
+4	According to Haiman and Schmitt that solution is essentially the antipode on the Fa\` { a } di Bruno Hopf algebra .	Two doubly indexed families of homogeneous and isobaric polynomials in several indeterminates are considered : the ( partial ) exponential Bell polynomials $ B_ { n , k } $ and a new family $ S_ { n , k } $ such that $ X_1^ { - ( 2n-1 ) } S_ { n , k } $ and $ B_ { n , k } $ obey an inversion law which generalizes that of the Stirling numbers of the first and second kind .	Both polynomial families appear as Lie coefficients in expansions of certain derivatives of higher order .	Substituting $ D^j ( \varphi ) $ ( the $ j $ -th derivative of a fixed function $ \varphi $ ) in place of the indeterminates $ X_j $ shows that both $ S_ { n , k } $ and $ B_ { n , k } $ are differential polynomials depending on $ \varphi $ and on its inverse $ \overline { \varphi } $ , respectively .	Some new light is shed thereby on Comtet 's solution of the Lagrange inversion problem in terms of the Bell polynomials .
+2	The future release of new evolution models with rotation , however , will require non-trivial updates to previously published synthesis models , in particular for all Wolf-Rayet and red supergiant related quantities .	Stellar clusters are thought to be the simplest stellar systems and the closest observational counterparts to theoretical models for single stellar populations .	Progress in our understanding of the atmospheres and evolution of massive stars has led to generally reliable synthesis models .	Cluster synthesis work is currently progressing from a purely stellar approach to a more comprehensive stellar+cluster perspective .	The photometric evolution of stars and the dynamical evolution of clusters are delicately interwoven .
+1	The Hamiltonian of the system contains the exchange interaction , the uniaxial anisotropy , the Zeeman energy and the dipole-dipole interactions .	Magnetization reversal in a fine ferromagnetic grain is simulated for the case of an instantaneously applied reversal magnetic field .	A cubic grain is discretized into 64 cubic subgrains and the coupled gyromagnetic equations of motion are solved without phenomenological damping .	A new scheme to solve these equations is developed that utilizes only two variables per sub-cube magnetization and strictly conserves the absolute magnitude .	The initial stage of reversal is uniform rotation followed by a nonlinear excitation of nonuniform magnetic oscillations driven by this uniform mode .
+2	Here , we introduce a novel bilayer graphene heterostructure , where single-layer graphene is placed on top of another layer of graphene with a regular lattice of antidots .	Graphene bilayer systems are known to exhibit a band gap when the layer symmetry is broken , by applying a perpendicular electric field .	The resulting band structure resembles that of a conventional semiconductor with a parabolic dispersion .	We dub this class of graphene systems GOAL : graphene on graphene antidot lattice .	By varying the structure geometry , band structure engineering can be performed to obtain linearly dispersing bands ( with a high concomitant mobility ) , which nevertheless can be made gapped with the perpendicular field .
+0	Context : A complete study of the molecular and ionized gas in the environs of the nebula RCW 78 around WR 55 is presented .	Aims : The aim of this work is to investigate the spatial distribution , physical characteristics , and kinematical properties of the molecular gas linked to the galactic nebula RCW 78 to achieve a better understanding of its interaction with the star and with the ionized gas .	Methods : This study was based on 12CO ( 1-0 ) fully sampled observations of a region of ~0.45 { \deg } in size around the star WR 55 and the nebula RCW 78 obtained with the 4-m NANTEN telescope , radio continuum archival data at 1.4 and 4.85 GHz , obtained from SGPS and PMNRAO Southern Radio Survey , respectively , and available infrared MIPSGAL images at 24 microns .	Results : A molecular gas component in the velocity range from ~ -58 to -45 km s-1 , compatible with the velocity of the ionized gas , was found to be associated with the optical nebula .	Adopting a distance of ~ 5 kpc , the mass of this molecular component is about 3.4 x 10^4 Msun .
+2	The theory result is consistent with several previous experiments and also can explain the change of critical current in the presence of temperature .	The relation between domain wall motion and intensity of driven current is examined in a phenomenological theory where the kinetic energy is expanded as a series of polynomial function of current density just as the Landau phase transition theory .	The dependency of velocity on current density is root square which degenerates into linear if the current is much higher than the critical value .	The role of temperature plays in the dynamics of domain wall motion is also discussed .	The phase transition theory in terms of current density is employed to explain the critical behavior of domain wall motion .
+3	In this short review article , after briefly commenting on the history of the SCC conjecture , we survey some of the progress made in research directed either toward supporting SCC or toward uncovering some of its weaknesses .	For almost half of the one hundred year history of Einstein 's theory of general relativity , Strong Cosmic Censorship has been one of its most intriguing conjectures .	The SCC conjecture addresses the issue of the nature of the singularities found in most solutions of Einstein 's gravitational field equations : Are such singularities generically characterized by unbounded curvature ?	Is the existence of a Cauchy horizon ( and the accompanying extensions into spacetime regions in which determinism fails ) an unstable feature of solutions of Einstein 's equations ?	We focus in particular on model versions of SCC which have been proven for restricted families of spacetimes ( e.g. , the Gowdy spacetimes ) , and the role played by the generic presence of Asymptotically Velocity Term Dominated behavior in these solutions .
+4	In this regime the optimal path energy fluctuation , $ \overline { \Delta E } $ , can be ascribed entirely to minimal length fluctuations , and satisfies $ \overline { \Delta E } \propto L^ { \omega } $ , with $ \omega=1.02 \pm 0.06 $ in $ 2d $ , $ L $ being the Euclidean distance .	By a new type of finite size scaling analysis on the square lattice , and by renormalization group calculations on hierarchical lattices we investigate the effects of dilution on optimal undirected self-avoiding paths in a random environment .	The behaviour of the optimal paths remains the same as for directed paths in undiluted medium , as long as forbidden bonds are not exceeding the percolation threshold .	Thus , overhanging configurations do not alter the standard self-affine directed polymer scaling regime , even above the directed threshold , when they become unavoidable .	When dilution reaches the undirected threshold , the optimal path becomes fractal , with fractal dimension equal to $ D_ { \rm min } $ , the dimension of the minimal length path on percolation cluster backbone .
+1	If the reference frames are `` bounded '' ( i.e.quantum systems themselves , having a finite number of degrees of freedom ) , only limited precision can be attained .	Quantum experiments usually assume the existence of perfect , classical , reference frames , which allow for the specification of measurement settings ( e.g.orientation of the Stern Gerlach magnet in spin measurements ) with arbitrary precision .	Using spin coherent states as bounded reference frames we have found their minimal size needed to violate local realism for entangled spin systems .	For composite systems of spin-1/2 particles reference frames of very small size are sufficient for the violation ; however , to see this violation for macroscopic entangled spins , the size of the reference frame must be at least quadratically larger than that of the spins .	Unavailability of such reference frames gives a possible explanation for the non-observance of violation of local realism in everyday experience .
+2	In particular , we provide a fully nonlinear extension of the Feynman-Kac formula .	We provide an existence and uniqueness theory for an extension of backward SDEs to the second order .	While standard Backward SDEs are naturally connected to semilinear PDEs , our second order extension is connected to fully nonlinear PDEs , as suggested by Cheridito et.al .	Unlike the earlier papers , the alternative formulation of this paper insists that the equation must hold under a non-dominated family of mutually singular probability measures .	The key argument is a stochastic representation , suggested by the optimal control interpretation , and analyzed in our accompanying paper
+4	We also consider the naive algorithm where we choose backlinks from nodes with high PageRank values compared to the outdegree and show that the naive algorithm performs much worse on certain graphs compared to the constant factor approximation scheme .	In this work we consider the problem of maximizing the PageRank of a given target node in a graph by adding $ k $ new links .	We consider the case that the new links must point to the given target node ( backlinks ) .	Previous work shows that this problem has no fully polynomial time approximation schemes unless $ P=NP $ .	We present a polynomial time algorithm yielding a PageRank value within a constant factor from the optimal .
+1	Since there is a large flux of neutrinos leaving the surface of the disk , the electron fraction of the outflowing material will change due to charged current neutrino interactions .	We examine the composition of matter as it flows away from gamma ray burst accretion disks , in order to determine what sort of nucleosynthesis may occur .	We calculate the electron fraction in the wind using detailed neutrino fluxes from every point on the disk and study a range of trajectories and outflow conditions for several different accretion disk models .	We find that low electron fractions , conducive to making r-process elements , only appear in outflows from disks with high accretion rates that have a significant region both of trapped neutrinos and antineutrinos .	Disks with lower accretion rates that have only a significant region of trapped neutrinos can have outflows with very high electron fractions , whereas the lowest accretion rate disks with little trapping have outflow electrons fractions of closer to one half .
+0	Let S be a compact surface - or the interior of a compact surface - and let V be the manifold of cooriented contact elements of S equiped with its canonical contact structure .	A diffeomorphism of V that preserves the contact structure and its coorientation is called a contact transformation over S. We prove the following results .	1 ) If S is neither a sphere nor a torus then the inclusion of the diffeomorphism group of S into the contact transformation group is 0-connected .	2 ) If S is a sphere then the contact transformation group is connected .	3 ) if S is a torus then the homomorphism from the contact transformation group of S to the automorphism group of $ H_1 ( V ) \simeq Z^3 $ has connected fibers and the image is ( known to be ) the stabilizer of $ Z^2 \times \ { 0\ } $ ) .
+0	The equilibrium structures and electronic excitation spectra of the Ir ( III ) photosensitizer Ir ( ppy ) $ _2 $ ( bpy ) ] $ ^+ $ bound to medium-sized silver clusters Ag $ _n $ ( $ n= $ 19 , 20 ) are investigated using time-dependent density functional theory .	The long-range corrected LC-BLYP approach is used with a system-specific range separation parameter .	The weak physisorption of the hybrid complexes yield only small changes in the broadened absorption spectra of the hybrid system as compared with its constituents .	However , the density of states as well as the fine structure of the spectra is strongly modified upon complexation .	It is shown that the standard range separation parameter ( 0.47 bohr $ ^ { -1 } $ ) can not predict these properties correctly and the optimized value of 0.16 bohr $ ^ { -1 } $ should be used instead .
+1	Given several electromagnetic data sets , we establish for the first time an analytical formula for reconstructing the absorption coefficient from thermal energy measurements .	This paper aims to mathematically advance the field of quantitative thermo-acoustic imaging .	Since the formula involves derivatives of the given data up to the third order , it is unstable in the sense that small measurement noises may cause large errors .	However , in the presence of measurement noise , the obtained formula , together with a noise regularization technique , provides a good initial guess for the true absorption coefficient .	We finally correct the errors by deriving a reconstruction formula based on the least square solution of an optimal control problem and prove that this optimization step reduces the errors occurring and enhances the resolution .
+4	The excitation function of $ \Theta_ { flow } $ reveals striking deviations from the ideal hydrodynamical scaling .	Directed sideward flow of light charged particles and intermediate mass fragments was measured in different symmetric reactions at bombarding energies from 90 to 800 AMeV .	The flow parameter is found to increase with the charge of the detected fragment up to Z = 3-4 and then turns into saturation for heavier fragments .	Guided by simple simulations of an anisotropic expanding thermal source , we show that the value at saturation can provide a good estimate of the flow angle , $ \Theta_ { flow } $ , in the participant region .	It is found that $ \Theta_ { flow } $ depends strongly on the impact parameter .
+4	We go beyond the topological ( or BPS ) sectors of these models and consider them as full-fledged quantum field theories .	The present paper is the second part of our project in which we describe quantum field theories with instantons in a novel way by using the `` infinite radius limit '' ( rather than the limit of free field theory ) as the starting point .	The theory dramatically simplifies in this limit , because the correlation functions of all , not only topological ( or BPS ) , observables may be computed explicitly in terms of integrals over finite-dimensional moduli spaces of instanton configurations .	In Part I ( arXiv : hep-th/0610149 ) we discussed in detail the one-dimensional ( that is , quantum mechanical ) models of this type .	Here we analyze the supersymmetric two-dimensional sigma models and four-dimensional Yang -- Mills theory , using the one-dimensional models as a prototype .
+4	Our lightweight approach relies on delimited control and provides reasonable performance .	Tabling is probably the most widely studied extension of Prolog .	But despite its importance and practicality , tabling is not implemented by most Prolog systems .	Existing approaches require substantial changes to the Prolog engine , which is an investment out of reach of most systems .	To enable more widespread adoption , we present a new implementation of tabling in under 600 lines of Prolog code .
+4	We calculate the theoretical limitation of the throughput .	We study the traffic dynamics in complex networks where each link is assigned a limited and identical bandwidth .	Although the first-in-first-out ( FIFO ) queuing rule is widely applied in the routing protocol of information packets , here we argue that if we drop this rule , the overall throughput of the network can be remarkably enhanced .	We proposed some efficient routing strategies that do not strictly obey the FIFO rule .	Comparing with the routine shortest path strategy , the throughput for both Barab\'asi-Albert ( BA ) networks and the real Internet , the throughput can be improved more than five times .
+2	Furthermore , we improve the previously known bounds for p=1 .	As shown in [ A1 ] , the lowest constants appearing in the weak type ( 1,1 ) inequalities satisfied by the centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator associated to certain finite radial measures , grow exponentially fast with the dimension .	Here we extend this result to a wider class of radial measures and to some values of p & gt ; 1 .	Roughly speaking , whenever p\in ( 1 , 1.03 ] , if \mu is defined by a radial , radially decreasing density satisfying some mild growth conditions , then the best constants c_ { p , d , \mu } in the weak type ( p , p ) inequalities satisfy c_ { p , d , \mu } \ge 1.005^d for all d sufficiently large .	We also show that exponential increase of the best constants occurs for certain families of doubling measures , and for arbitrarily high values of p. [ A1 ] Aldaz , J.M .
+4	Three models are considered with primary masses 0.96 Msun , 1.06 Msun , and 1.20 Msun .	Merging white dwarfs are a possible progenitor of Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) .	While it is not entirely clear if and when an explosion is triggered in such systems , numerical models suggest that a detonation might be initiated before the stars have coalesced to form a single compact object .	Here we study such `` peri-merger '' detonations by means of numerical simulations , modeling the disruption and nucleosynthesis of the stars until the ejecta reach the coasting phase .	Synthetic light curves and spectra are generated for comparison with observations .
+0	We have fabricated oxide based spin filter junctions in which we demonstrate that magnetic anisotropy can be used to tune the transport behavior of spin filter junctions .	Until recently , spin filters have been largely comprised of polycrystalline materials where the spin filter barrier layer and one of the electrodes are ferromagnetic .	These spin filter junctions have relied on the weak magnetic coupling between one ferromagnetic electrode and a barrier layer or the insertion of a nonmagnetic insulating layer in between the spin filter barrier and electrode .	We have demonstrated spin filtering behavior in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/chromite/Fe3O4 junctions without nonmagnetic spacer layers where the interface anisotropy plays a significant role in determining transport behavior .	Detailed studies of chemical and magnetic structure at the interfaces indicate that abrupt changes in magnetic anisotropy across the non-isostructural interface is the cause of the significant suppression of junction magnetoresistance in junctions with MnCr2O4 barrier layers .
+1	We are given a set of points in the plane labeled by a set of mutually disjoint labels , where each label is an axis-aligned rectangle attached with one corner to its respective point .	We consider the following problem of labeling points in a dynamic map that allows rotation .	We require that each label remains horizontally aligned during the map rotation and our goal is to find a set of mutually non-overlapping active labels for every rotation angle $ \alpha \in [ 0 , 2\pi ) $ so that the number of active labels over a full map rotation of 2 $ \pi $ is maximized .	We discuss and experimentally evaluate several labeling models that define additional consistency constraints on label activities in order to reduce flickering effects during monotone map rotation .	We introduce three heuristic algorithms and compare them experimentally to an existing approximation algorithm and exact solutions obtained from an integer linear program .
+4	double shocks and additional symmetries .	The microscopic structure and movement of reaction fronts in reaction diffusion systems far from equilibrium are investigated .	We show that some three-site interaction models exhibit exact diffusive shock measures , i.e.domains of different densities connected by a sharp wall without correlations .	In all cases fluctuating domains grow at the expense of ordered domains , the absence of growth is possible between ordered domains .	It is shown that these models give rise to aspects not seen in nearest neighbor models , viz .
+0	We argued in arXiv:1408.0624 that the quartic scalar field in AdS has features that could be instructive for answering the gravitational stability question of AdS .	Indeed , the conserved charges identified there have recently been observed in the full gravity theory as well .	In this paper , we continue our investigation of the scalar field in AdS and provide evidence that in the Two-Time Formalism ( TTF ) , even for initial conditions that are far from quasi-periodicity , the energy in the higher modes at late times is exponentially suppressed in the mode number .	Based on this and some related observations , we argue that there is no thermalization in the scalar TTF model within time-scales that go as $ \sim 1/\epsilon^2 $ , where $ \epsilon $ measures the initial amplitude ( with only low-lying modes excited ) .	It is tempting to speculate that the result holds also for AdS collapse .
+0	The likelihood of detecting individual discrete sources of cosmic rays depends on the mean separation between sources .	The analysis here derives the minimum separation that makes it likely that the closest source is detectable .	For super-GZK energies , detection is signal limited and magnetic fields should not matter .	For sub-GZK energies , detection is background limited , and intergalactic magnetic fields enter the analysis through one adjustable parameter .	Both super-GZK and sub-GZK results are presented for four different types of sources : steady isotropic sources , steady jet sources , isotropic bursts , and jet bursts .
+4	This layer controls the user interface and the C++ algorithm layer where the plate configuration and optimisation is carried out .	The Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph ( SAMI ) is a prototype wide-field system at the Anglo-Australian Telescope ( AAT ) which uses a plug-plate to mount its 13 x 61-core imaging fibre bundles ( hexabundles ) in the optical path at the telescope 's prime focus .	In this paper we describe the process of determining the positions of the plug-plate holes , where plates contain three or more stacked observation configurations .	The process , which up until now has involved several separate processes and has required significant manual configuration and checking , is now being automated to increase efficiency and reduce error .	This is carried out by means of a thin Java controller layer which drives the configuration cycle .
+4	The major achievement of reaching the project sensitivities in gravitational wave interferometers such as LIGO an VIRGO has opened the possibility of using such instruments for the detection of QED corrections in electrodynamics and for probing new physics at very low energies .	Low energy non linear QED effects in vacuum have been predicted since 1936 and have been subject of research for many decades .	Two main schemes have been proposed for such a 'first ' detection : measurements of ellipticity acquired by a linearly polarized beam of light passing through a magnetic field and direct light-light scattering .	The study of the propagation of light through an external field can also be used to probe for new physics such as the existence of axion-like particles and millicharged particles .	Their existence in nature would cause the index of refraction of vacuum to be different from unity in the presence of an external field and dependent of the polarization direction of the light propagating .
+4	In the Banach space case ( i.e.N=1 ) the above upper bound is part of the folklore , and the lower bound is at least partially known ( but apparently has not appeared in print ) .	We study the metric entropy of the metric space $ B_n $ of all n-dimensional Banach spaces ( the so-called Banach-Mazur compactum ) equipped with the Banach-Mazur ( multiplicative ) `` distance '' $ d $ .	We are interested either in estimates independent of the dimension or in asymptotic estimates when the dimension tends to $ \infty $ .	For instance , we prove that , if $ N ( { B_n } , d , 1+\varepsilon ) $ is the smallest number of `` balls '' of `` radius '' $ 1+\varepsilon $ that cover $ B_n $ , then for any $ \varepsilon & gt ; 0 $ we have $ $ 0 & lt ; \liminf_ { n\to \infty } n^ { -1 } \log\log N ( B_n , d,1+\varepsilon ) \le \limsup_ { n\to \infty } n^ { -1 } \log\log N ( B_n , d,1+\varepsilon ) & lt ; \infty. $ $ We also prove an analogous result for the metric entropy of the set of n-dimensional operator spaces equipped with the distance $ d_N $ naturally associated to $ N\times N $ -matrices with operator entries .	In that case $ N $ is arbitrary but our estimates are valid independently of $ N $ .
+2	Convergence in the time-and-volume-averaged stress-to-gas-pressure ratio , at a value of $ \sim0.04 $ , is found for a model with radial , vertical , and azimuthal resolution of 12-51 , 27 , and 12.5 cells per scale-height ( the simulation mesh is such that cells per scale-height varies in the radial direction ) .	Magnetorotational turbulence provides a viable mechanism for angular momentum transport in accretion disks .	We present global , three dimensional ( 3D ) , MHD accretion disk simulations that investigate the dependence of the turbulent stresses on resolution .	A control volume analysis is performed on the main body of the disk ( |z| & lt ; 2H ) to examine the production and removal of magnetic energy .	Maxwell stresses in combination with the mean disk rotation are mainly responsible for magnetic energy production , whereas turbulent dissipation ( facilitated by numerical resistivity ) predominantly removes magnetic energy from the disk .
+3	The resulting effective-medium formula for the nonlinear medium reduces to Bruggeman 's in the linear case .	An effective-medium theory is proposed for random weakly nonlinear dielectric media .	It is based on a new gaussian approximation for the probability distributions of the electric field in each component of a multi-phase composite .	These distributions are computed to linear order from a Bruggeman-like self-consistent formula .	It is exact up to second order in a weak-disorder expansion , and close to the exact result in the dilute limit ( in particular , it is exact for d=1 and d=infinity .
+4	In this paper we show that a natural extension of the first-order follow-the-leader model on networks corresponds , as the number of vehicles tends to infinity , to the LWR-based multi-path model introduced in [ Bretti et al. , Discrete Contin.Dyn.Syst.Ser .	Connections between microscopic follow-the-leader and macroscopic fluid-dynamics traffic flow models are already well understood in the case of vehicles moving on a single road .	Analogous connections in the case of road networks are instead lacking .	This is probably due to the fact that macroscopic traffic models on networks are in general ill-posed , since the conservation of the mass is not sufficient alone to characterize a unique solution at junctions .	This ambiguity makes more difficult to find the right limit of the microscopic model , which , in turn , can be defined in different ways near the junctions .
+3	On the basis of randomization ( a ) players may not be allowed to use randomization ( pure strategies ) , or ( b ) may choose a probability distribution over actions but the actual random choice is not visible ( actions invisible ) , or ( c ) may use full randomization .	In two-player finite-state stochastic games of partial observation on graphs , in every state of the graph , the players simultaneously choose an action , and their joint actions determine a probability distribution over the successor states .	We consider reachability objectives where player 1 tries to ensure a target state to be visited almost-surely or positively .	On the basis of information , the game can be one-sided with either ( a ) player 1 or ( b ) player 2 having partial observation , or two-sided with both players having partial observation .	Our results for pure strategies are as follows : ( 1 ) For one-sided games with player 2 perfect observation we show that belief-based strategies are not sufficient , and present an exponential upper bound on memory both for almost-sure and positive winning strategies ; we show that the problem of deciding the existence of almost-sure and positive winning strategies for player 1 is EXPTIME-complete and present symbolic algorithms that avoid the explicit exponential construction .
+3	Next we perturb a world-sheet action by some marginal operators such that the space-time symmetry becomes finite dimensional .	We show how some features of the AdS/CFT correspondence for AdS_3 can easily be understood via standard world-sheet methods and 2d gravity like scaling arguments .	To do this , we propose a stringy way for perturbing two-dimensional CFT 's around their critical points .	Our strategy is to start from a stringy ( world-sheet ) representation of 2d CFT in space-time .	As a result , we get a massive FT in space-time with a scale provided by two-dimensional coupling constant .
+4	Here we present our results for NGC 6819 .	We are using the Isaac Newton Telescope Wide Field Camera to survey open cluster fields for transiting hot Jupiter planets .	Clusters were selected on the basis of visibility , richness of stars , age and metallicity .	Observations of NGC 6819 , 6940 and 7789 began in 1999 and continued in 2000 .	We have developed an effective matched-filter transit-detection algorithm which has proved its ability to identify very low amplitude eclipse events in real data .
+1	When new records arrive at a high rate , it is infeasible to continuously update ( maintain ) MVs and a common solution is to defer maintenance by batching updates together .	Materialized views ( MVs ) , stored pre-computed results , are widely used to facilitate fast queries on large datasets .	Between batches the MVs become increasingly stale with incorrect , missing , and superfluous rows leading to increasingly inaccurate query results .	We propose Stale View Cleaning ( SVC ) which addresses this problem from a data cleaning perspective .	In SVC , we efficiently clean a sample of rows from a stale MV , and use the clean sample to estimate aggregate query results .
+2	The STIS spectra show kinematic components of absorption in Ly $ \alpha $ , C IV , and N V at radial velocities of -376 , -183 , and -36 km s $ ^ { -1 } $ ( components 1 , 2 , and 3+4 , respectively ) , which were detected in the earlier GHRS spectra ; the last of these is a blend of two GHRS components that have increased greatly in column density .	We present observations of the UV absorption lines in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 3516 , obtained at a resolution of $ \lambda $ / $ \Delta\lambda $ $ \approx $ 40,000 with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph ( STIS ) on 2000 October 1 .	The UV continuum was $ \sim $ 4 times lower than that observed during 1995 with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph ( GHRS ) , and the X-ray flux from a contemporaneous { \it Chandra X-ray Observatory ( CXO ) } observation was a factor of $ \sim $ 8 below that observed with { \it ASCA } .	Four additional absorption components have appeared in the STIS spectra at radial velocities of -692 , -837 , -994 , and -1372 km s $ ^ { -1 } $ ( components 5 through 8 ) ; these may also have been present in earlier low-flux states observed by the { \it International Ultraviolet Explorer ( IUE ) } .	Based on photoionization models , we suggest that the components are arranged in increasing radial distance in the order , 3+4 , 2 , 1 , followed by components 5 -- 8 .
+1	Together with the partonic channels we computed previously , the result derived in this letter completes the set of NNLO QCD corrections to the total top pair production cross-section at hadron colliders .	We compute the next-to-next-to-leading order ( NNLO ) QCD correction to the total cross-section for the reaction gg \to t\bar t + X .	Supplementing the fixed order results with soft-gluon resummation with next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy we estimate that the theoretical uncertainty of this observable due to unknown higher order corrections is about 3 % at the LHC and 2.2 % at the Tevatron .	We observe a good agreement between the Standard Model predictions and the available experimental measurements .	The very high theoretical precision of this observable allows a new level of scrutiny in parton distribution functions and new physics searches .
+4	The opposing physical pictures are reminiscent of the difference between the rotational motion views of Newton and Cassini .	A rigorous time independent Hamiltonian for rotating atomic traps is discussed .	The steady states carry a mass current and thereby an angular momentum .	It is shown that the rotation positions the atoms away from the rotation axis ( after taking both the time and quantum mechanical averages ) as in a conventional centrifuge .	Some assert that the rotation for Bose condensates cause the atoms to move towards the rotation axis ; i.e.act oppositely to fluids in a centrifuge .
+1	Verification and Validation of complex software developed according to UML is not trivial due to complexity of the software itself , and the several different UML models/diagrams that can be used to model behavior and structure of the software .	Unified Modeling Language ( UML ) is currently accepted as the standard for modeling ( object-oriented ) software , and its use is increasing in the aerospace industry .	This paper presents an approach to transform up to three different UML behavioral diagrams ( sequence , behavioral state machines , and activity ) into a single Transition System to support Model Checking of software developed in accordance with UML .	In our approach , properties are formalized based on use case descriptions .	The transformation is done for the NuSMV model checker , but we see the possibility in using other model checkers , such as SPIN .
+0	We reformulate the theory of strong electrostatic coupling in order to describe an asymmetric electrolyte solution of monovalent salt ions and polyvalent counterions using field-theoretical techniques and Monte-Carlo simulations .	The theory is based on an asymmetric treatment of the different components of the electrolyte solution .	The weak coupling Debye-Huckel approach is used in order to describe the monovalent salt ions while a strong coupling approach is used to tackle the polyvalent counterions .	This combined weak-strong coupling approach effectively leads to dressed interactions between polyvalent counterions and thus directly affects the correlation attraction mediated by polyvalent counterions between like-charged objects .	The general theory is specifically applied to a system composed of two uniformly charged plane-parallel surfaces in the presence of salt and polyvalent counterions .
+1	Within this framework , we study Smoluchowski 's coagulation equation for the three simplest rate kernels $ K ( x , y ) =2 $ , $ x+y $ and $ xy $ .	We describe a basic framework for studying dynamic scaling that has roots in dynamical systems and probability theory .	In another work , we classified all self-similar solutions and all universality classes ( domains of attraction ) for scaling limits under weak convergence ( Comm.Pure Appl .	Math 57 ( 2004 ) 1197-1232 ) .	Here we add to this a complete description of the set of all limit points of solutions modulo scaling ( the scaling attractor ) and the dynamics on this limit set ( the ultimate dynamics ) .
+0	Bluetooth Low Energy ( BLE ) is a wireless protocol well suited for ultra-low-power sensors running on small batteries .	BLE is described as a new protocol in the official Bluetooth 4.0 specification .	To design energy-efficient devices , the protocol provides a number of parameters that need to be optimized within an energy , latency and throughput design space .	To minimize power consumption , the protocol parameters have to be optimized for a given application .	Therefore , an energy-model that can predict the energy consumption of a BLE-based wireless device for different parameter value settings , is needed .
+4	A new feature unique to this approach arises when the constraint algebra is computed : the algebra is a deformation of the de Sitter , anti-de Sitter , or Poincar\ ' { e } algebra ( depending on the value of the cosmological constant ) with the deformation parameter being the conformal Weyl tensor .	We present a new approach to the covariant canonical formulation of Einstein-Cartan gravity that preserves the full Lorentz group as the local gauge group .	The method exploits lessons learned from gravity in 2+1 dimensions regarding the relation between gravity and a general gauge theory .	The dynamical variables are simply the frame field and the spin-connection pulled-back to the hypersurface , thereby eliminating the need for simplicity constraints on the momenta .	A consequence of this is a degenerate ( pre ) symplectic form , which appears to be a necessary feature of the Einstein-Cartan formulation .
+3	We are particularly interested in what we call cardinality gap phenomena .	This paper deals with the distribution of $ \alpha \zeta^ { n } \bmod 1 $ , where $ \alpha\neq 0 , \zeta & gt ; 1 $ are fixed real numbers and $ n $ runs through the positive integers .	Denote by $ \Vert.\Vert $ the distance to the nearest integer .	We investigate the case of $ \alpha\zeta^ { n } $ all lying in prescribed small intervals modulo $ 1 $ for all large $ n $ , with focus on the case $ \Vert\alpha \zeta^ { n } \Vert \leq \epsilon $ for small $ \epsilon & gt ; 0 $ .	For example for fixed $ \zeta & gt ; 1 $ and small $ \epsilon & gt ; 0 $ there are at most countably many values of $ \alpha $ such that $ \Vert\alpha \zeta^ { n } \Vert \leq \epsilon $ for all large $ n $ , whereas larger $ \epsilon $ induces an uncountable set .
+0	The aim of this paper is to show that the Lagrange-d'Alembert and its equivalent the Gauss and Appel principle are not the only way to deduce the equations of motion of the nonholonomic systems .	Instead of them , here we consider the generalization of the Hamiltonian principle for nonholonomic systems with nonzero transpositional relations .	By applying this variational principle which takes into the account transpositional relations different from the classical ones we deduce the equations of motion for the nonholonomic systems with constraints that in general are nonlinear in the velocity .	These equations of motion coincide , except perhaps in a zero Lebesgue measure set , with the classical differential equations deduced with d'Alembert-Lagrange principle .	We provide a new point of view on the transpositional relations for the constrained mechanical systems : the virtual variations can produce zero or non-zero transpositional relations .
+1	The nature of the observed jets in relation to the bulk flow is still unclear .	Extragalactic jets are a common feature of radio-loud active galaxies .	In particular it is not clear whether the observations of parsec-scale jets using the very long baseline interferometric technique ( VLBI ) reveal wave-like structures that develop and propagate along the jet , or trace the jet flow itself .	In this contribution I review the evidence collected during the last years showing that the ridge-lines of helical radio-jets do not correspond to observational artifacts .	This conclusion was reached by studying a number of VLBI observations of the radio jet in the quasar S5~0836+710 at different frequencies and epochs .
+2	B 57 ( 1995 ) 289 -- 300 ] and their offsprings .	The most popular multiple testing procedures are stepwise procedures based on $ P $ -values for individual test statistics .	Included among these are the false discovery rate ( FDR ) controlling procedures of Benjamini -- Hochberg [ J. Roy.Statist.Soc.Ser .	Even for models that entail dependent data , $ P $ -values based on marginal distributions are used .	Unlike such methods , the new method takes dependency into account at all stages .
+1	The CoRoT satellite searches for planets by applying the transit method , monitoring up to 12 000 stars in the galactic plane for 150 days in each observation run .	Context .	This search is contaminated by a large fraction of false positives , caused by different binary configurations that might be confused with a transiting planet.Aims .	We evaluate the rates and nature of false positives in the CoRoT exoplanets search and compare our results with semiempirical predictions.Methods .	We consider the detected binary and planet candidates in the first three extended CoRoT runs , and classify the results of the follow-up observations completed to verify their planetary nature .
+2	In each site the wave function is a superposition of the two atomic states and a disturbance of the wave function propagates along the chain in analogy with the propagation of momentum in the classical Newton 's cradle .	We propose a possible experimental realization of a quantum analogue of Newton 's cradle using a configuration which starts from a Bose-Einstein condensate .	The system consists of atoms with two internal states trapped in a one dimensional tube with a longitudinal optical lattice and maintained in a strong Tonks-Girardeau regime at maximal filling .	The quantum travelling signal is generally deteriorated by dispersion , which is large for a uniform chain and is known to be zero for a suitably engineered chain , but the latter is hardly realizable in practice .	Starting from these opposite situations we show how the coherent behaviour can be enhanced with minimal experimental effort .
+4	By analyzing the relation of $ R_ { IRX , obs } $ to X-ray and IR parameters , we show that the $ R_ { IRX , obs } $ of some SNRs agree with theoretical ratios of SNR shocks in which dust grains are heated and destroyed by collisions with plasma particles .	Recent high-resolution infrared space missions have revealed supernova remnants ( SNRs ) of diverse morphology in infrared ( IR ) dust emission that is often very different from their X-ray appearance .	The observed range of infrared-to-X-ray ( IRX ) flux ratios of SNRs are also wide .	For a sample of 20 Galactic SNRs , we obtain their IR and X-ray properties and investigate the physical causes for such large differences .	We find that the observed IRX flux ratios ( $ R_ { IRX.obs } $ ) are related to the IRX morphology , with SNRs with the largest $ R_ { IRX , obs } $ showing anticorrelated IRX morphology .
+4	For dimension greater than one , by choosing a suitable norm and then applying the Banach Fixed Point Theorem , a sufficient condition , which is independent of the solution of the standard Riccati differential equation , for the unique existence of the equilibrium strategy is provided .	In this article , we provide a comprehensive study of the linear-quadratic mean field games via the adjoint equation approach ; although the problem has been considered in the literature by Huang , Caines and Malhame ( HCM , 2007a ) , their method is based on Dynamic Programming .	It turns out that two methods are not equivalent , as far as giving sufficient condition for the existence of a solution is concerned .	Due to the linearity of the adjoint equations , the optimal mean field term satisfies a linear forward-backward ordinary differential equation .	For the one dimensional case , we show that the equilibrium strategy always exists uniquely .
+3	We then compare the derived absorption column densities with the emission measures determined from ground-based observations of the nebular forbidden lines .	Emission-line abundances have been uncertain for more than a decade due to unexplained discrepancies in the relative intensities of the forbidden lines and weak permitted recombination lines in planetary nebulae ( PNe ) and H II regions .	The observed intensities of forbidden and recombination lines originating from the same parent ion differ from their theoretical values by factors of more than an order of magnitude in some of these nebulae .	In this study we observe UV resonance line absorption in the central stars of PNe produced by the nebular gas , and from the same ions that emit optical forbidden lines .	We find for our sample of PNe that the collisionally excited forbidden lines yield column densities that are in basic agreement with the column densities derived for the same ions from the UV absorption lines .
+0	We discuss the exclusive radiative B-meson decays B - & gt ; K* gamma and B - & gt ; rho gamma in a model-independent manner .	The analysis is based on the heavy-quark limit of QCD .	This allows a factorization of perturbatively calculable contributions to the B - & gt ; V gamma matrix elements from non-perturbative form factors and universal light-cone distribution amplitudes .	These results allow us to compute exclusive b - & gt ; s ( d ) gamma decays systematically beyond the leading logarithmic approximation .	We present results for these decays complete to next-to-leading order in QCD and to leading order in the heavy-quark limit .
+4	In this paper , we discuss an hybrid modeling methodology which combines the parametric mixed modeling approach and the non-parametric rule ensembles .	In statistical genetics an important task involves building predictive models for the genotype-phenotype relationships and thus attribute a proportion of the total phenotypic variance to the variation in genotypes .	Numerous models have been proposed to incorporate additive genetic effects into models for prediction or association .	However , there is a scarcity of models that can adequately account for gene by gene or other forms of genetical interactions .	In addition , there is an increased interest in using marker annotations in genome-wide prediction and association .
+4	Preceding the mainshock , the frequency of smaller events is gradually enhanced , whereas , just before the mainshock , it is suppressed in a close vicinity of the epicenter of the upcoming event ( the Mogi doughnut ) .	Spatio-temporal correlations of the one-dimensional spring-block ( Burridge-Knopoff ) model of earthquakes are extensively studied by means of numerical computer simulations .	Particular attention is paid to clarifying how the statistical properties of earthquakes depend on the frictional and elastic properties of earthquake faults .	It is found that , as the velocity-weakening tendency of the friction force gets weaker , the system tends to be more critical , while , as the velocity-weakening tendency gets stronger , the system tends to be more off-critical with enhanced features of a characteristic earthquake .	The model exhibits several eminent precursory phenomena prior to the large event in its spatio-temporal correlations .
+0	We present Ulysses and NEAR data from the detection of the short or intermediate duration ( 2 s ) gamma-ray burst GRB000301C ( 2000 March 1.41 UT ) .	The gamma-ray burst ( GRB ) was localised by the Inter Planetary Network ( IPN ) and RXTE to an area of 50 arcmin^2 .	A fading optical counterpart was subsequently discovered with the Nordic Optical Telescope ( NOT ) about 42h after the burst .	The GRB lies at the border between the long-soft and the short-hard classes of GRBs .	If GRB000301C belongs to the latter class , this would be the first detection of an afterglow to a short-hard burst .
+1	Methods from statistical shape analysis are combined with techniques for predicting random fields in spatial statistics in order to define a suitable measure of similarity between two marked point sets .	Statistical methodology is proposed for comparing unlabeled marked point sets , with an application to aligning steroid molecules in chemoinformatics .	Bayesian modeling of the predicted field overlap between pairs of point sets is proposed , and posterior inference of the alignment is carried out using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation .	By representing the fields in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces , the degree of overlap can be computed without expensive numerical integration .	Superimposing entire fields rather than the configuration matrices of point coordinates thereby avoids the problem that there is usually no clear one-to-one correspondence between the points .
+1	The test is based on a new automatic choice of the order for a Box-Pierce or Hong test statistic .	A new test is proposed for the weak white noise null hypothesis .	The test uses Lobato ( 2001 ) or Kuan and Lee ( 2006 ) HAC critical values .	The data-driven order choice is tailored to detect a new class of alternatives with autocorrelation coefficients which can be $ o ( n^ { -1/2 } ) $ provided there are enough of them .	A simulation experiment illustrates the good behavior of the test both under the weak white noise null and the alternative .
+0	Determining the equation of state of matter at nuclear density and hence the structure of neutron stars has been a riddle for decades .	We show how the imminent detection of gravitational waves from merging neutron star binaries can be used to solve this riddle .	Using a large number of accurate numerical-relativity simulations of binaries with nuclear equations of state , we find that the postmerger emission is characterized by two distinct and robust spectral features .	While the high-frequency peak has already been associated with the oscillations of the hypermassive neutron star produced by the merger and depends on the equation of state , a new correlation emerges between the low-frequency peak , related to the merger process , and the total compactness of the stars in the binary .	More importantly , such a correlation is essentially universal , thus providing a powerful tool to set tight constraints on the equation of state .
+2	The irradiation causes the wind to be radiation pressure compressed ( RPC ) .	We model the observed X-ray spectral continuum shape , ionic column densities , and absorption measure distribution ( AMD ) of the warm absorber in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3783 .	We assume a photo-ionized medium with a uniform total ( gas+radiation ) pressure .	We compare the observational characteristics derived from the 900 ksec Chandra observation to radiative transfer computations in pressure equilibrium using the radiative transfer code TITAN .	We explore different values of the ionization parameter xi of the incident flux and adjust the hydrogen-equivalent column density , N_H0 of the warm absorber to match the observed soft X-ray continuum .
+3	Although we identify the entire Brauer-Picard group , there may be additional fusion categories in the groupoid .	We prove that the Brauer-Picard group of Morita autoequiv- alences of each of the three fusion categories which arise as an even part of the Asaeda-Haagerup subfactor or of its index 2 extension is the Klein four-group .	We describe the 36 bimodule categories which occur in the full subgroupoid of the Brauer-Picard groupoid on these three fusion categories .	We also classify all irreducible subfactors both of whose even parts are among these categories , of which there are 111 up to isomorphism of the planar algebra ( 76 up to duality ) .	We prove a partial classification of possible additional fusion categories Morita equivalent to the Asaeda-Haagerup fusion categories and make some conjectures about their existence ; we hope to address these conjectures in future work .
+2	A universal allometric scaling law is uncovered in the minimal spanning trees , whose scaling exponent is independent of the stock market and the length of the stock index .	The investigations of financial markets from a complex network perspective have unveiled many phenomenological properties , in which the majority of these studies map the financial markets into one complex network .	In this work , we investigate 30 world stock market indices through their visibility graphs by adopting the visibility algorithm to convert each single stock index into one visibility graph .	In contrast , the maximal spanning trees and the random spanning trees do not exhibit universal allometric scaling behaviors .	There are marked discrepancies in the allometric scaling behaviors between the stock indices and the Brownian motions .
+4	As a result , generalized homology and cohomology theories on pointed weak polytopes uniquely correspond ( up to an isomorphism ) to the known topological generalized homology and cohomology theories on pointed CW-complexes .	This article explains and extends semialgebraic homotopy theory ( developed by H. Delfs and M. Knebusch ) to o-minimal homotopy theory ( over a field ) .	The homotopy category of definable CW-complexes is equivalent to the homotopy category of topological CW-complexes ( with continuous mappings ) .	If the theory of the o-minimal expansion of a field is bounded , then these categories are equivalent to the homotopy category of weakly definable spaces .	Similar facts hold for decreasing systems of spaces .
+1	The model is built by imposing the constraint of gauge invariance in the anomalous effective action , which is extended with Wess-Zumino counterterms .	We analyze the most salient cosmological features of axions in extensions of the Standard Model with a gauged anomalous extra U ( 1 ) symmetry .	These generate axion-like interactions of the axions to the gauge fields and a gauged shift symmetry .	The scalar sector is assumed to acquire a non-perturbative potential after inflation , at the electroweak phase transition , which induces a mixing of the Stuckelberg field of the model with the scalars of the electroweak sector , and at the QCD phase transition .	We discuss the possible mechanisms of sequential misalignments which could affect the axions of these models , and generated , in this case , at both transitions .
+1	`` Standard '' results such as mean square displacements , intermediate scattering functions , etc.are reported .	Two models involving particles moving by `` hopping '' in disordered media are investigated : I ) A model glass-forming liquid is investigated by molecular dynamics under ( pseudo- ) equilibrium conditions .	At low temperatures hopping is present in the system as indicated by a secondary peak in the distribution of particle displacements during a time interval 't ' .	The dynamics of the model is analyzed in terms of its potential energy landscape ( potential energy as function of the 3N particle coordinates ) , and we present direct numerical evidence for a 30 years old picture of the dynamics at sufficiently low temperatures .	Transitions between local potential energy minima in configuration space are found to involve particles moving in a cooperative string-like manner .
+0	Having great accuracy in the range and range rate measurements , he GRACE mission and the planed GRACE Follow On mission can in principle be employed to place strong constraints on certain relativistic gravitational theories .	In this paper , we work out the range observable of the non-dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity for the Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking ( SST ) measurements .	We find out that a characteristic time accumulating range signal appears in non-dynamical Chern-Simons gravity , which has no analogue found in the standard parity-preserving metric theories of gravity .	The magnitude of this Chern-Simons range signal will reach a few times of $ \chi cm $ for each free flight of these SST missions , here $ \chi $ is the dimensionless post-Newtonian parameter of the non-dynamical Chern-Simons theory .	Therefore , with the 12 years data of the GRACE mission , one expects that the mass scale $ M_ { CS } =\frac { 4\hbar c } { \chi a } $ of the non-dynamical Chern-Simons gravity could be constrained to be larger than $ 1.9\times10^ { -9 } eV $ .
+4	By understanding their gain , as well as the effect of line broadening , astronomers are to identify astrophysical masers .	In this paper we will look at the phenomenon of Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ( a maser system ) .	We begin by deriving amplification by stimulated emission using time-dependent perturbation theory , in which the perturbation provided by external radiation .	When this perturbation is applied to an ensemble of particles exhibiting a population inversion , the result is stimulated microwave radiation .	We will explore both unsaturated and saturated masers and compare their properties .
+0	The decision-Diffie-Hellman problem ( DDH ) is a central computational problem in cryptography .	It is known that the Weil and Tate pairings can be used to solve many DDH problems on elliptic curves .	Distortion maps are an important tool for solving DDH problems using pairings and it is known that distortion maps exist for all supersingular elliptic curves .	We present an algorithm to construct suitable distortion maps .	The algorithm is efficient on the curves usable in practice , and hence all DDH problems on these curves are easy .
+2	The obtained images have been compared with combinations of partial LDOSs defined in terms of the imaginary part of the Green-tensor $ { \bf G } ^I = [ { \bf G } - { \bf G } ^\dag ] / ( 2i ) $ calculated at the tip position .	In a recent letter Chicanne { \em et al . }	[ 1 ] reported the experimental observation of the electromagnetic local density of states LDOS established by gold nanostructures .	Moreover just this comparison was the criterion for the choice of the optimum tip design .	These results support the point of view that $ { \cal G } _ { \bf u } =- ( { 2 \omega } / { \pi c^2 } ) { \bf u } \cdot { \bf G } ^I ( { \bf r } , { \bf r } , \omega ) \cdot { \bf u } $ ( $ { \bf u } $ is the unit vector used to define the effective dipole associated to the illuminating tip ) is the key quantity to interpret SNOM images in analogy with the electronic LDOS measured by the scanning tunneling microscope ( STM ) .
+1	The deep spectroscopy with AF2/WYFFOS @ WHT and the caustic method enable us to obtain 360 members within 1.3 R_200 and absolute magnitude M_r & lt ; M*_r+6 .	We present the study of the colour-magnitude diagram of the cluster Abell 2151 ( A2151 ) , with a particular focus on the low-mass end .	This nearby cluster shows a well defined red sequence up to M_r ~ - 18.5 ; at fainter magnitudes only 36 % of the galaxies lie on the extrapolation of the red sequence .	We compare the red sequences of A2151 and Abell 85 , which is another nearby cluster with similar spectroscopic data , but with different mass and dynamical state .	Both clusters show similar red sequences at the bright end ( M_r & lt ; -19.5 ) , whereas large differences appear at the faint end .
+0	We have investigated experimentally the magnetoresistance of strongly asymmetric double-wells .	The structures were prepared by inserting a thin Al $ _ { 0.3 } $ Ga $ _ { 0.7 } $ As barrier into the GaAs buffer layer of a standard modulation-doped GaAs/Al $ _ { 0.3 } $ Ga $ _ { 0.7 } $ As heterostructure .	The resulting double-well system consists of a nearly rectangular well and of a triangular well coupled by tunneling through the thin barrier .	With a proper choice of the barrier parameters one can control the occupancy of the two wells and of the two lowest ( bonding and antibonding ) subbands .	The electron properties can be further influenced by applying front- or back-gate voltage .
+2	Then , the decision stumps are assembled in a random collection of decision trees , Bandit Forest .	To address the contextual bandit problem , we propose an online random forest algorithm .	The analysis of the proposed algorithm is based on the sample complexity needed to find the optimal decision stump .	We show that the proposed algorithm is optimal up to logarithmic factors .	The dependence of the sample complexity upon the number of contextual variables is logarithmic .
+0	Fruitful ideas on how to quantize gravity are few and far between .	In this paper , we give a complete description of a recently introduced non-perturbative gravitational path integral whose continuum limit has already been investigated extensively in d less than 4 , with promising results .	It is based on a simplicial regularization of Lorentzian space-times and , most importantly , possesses a well-defined , non-perturbative Wick rotation .	We present a detailed analysis of the geometric and mathematical properties of the discretized model in d=3,4 .	This includes a derivation of Lorentzian simplicial manifold constraints , the gravitational actions and their Wick rotation .
+1	For all methods explored , the surface tension is calculated by approximating the change in Helmholtz free energy associated with a change in interfacial area through simulation of a liquid slab at constant particle number , volume , and temperature .	We examine the performance of several molecular simulation techniques aimed at evaluation of the surface tension through its thermodynamic definition .	The methods explored fall within three general classes : free-energy perturbation , the Bennett acceptance-ratio scheme , and the expanded ensemble technique .	Calculations are performed for both the truncated Lennard-Jones and square-well fluids at select temperatures spaced along their respective liquid-vapor saturation lines .	Overall , we find that Bennett and expanded ensemble approaches provide the best combination of accuracy and precision .
+3	Strong constraints are also obtained on maps to groups that do not contain a copy of $ W_n= ( \Bbb Z/2 ) ^n\rtimes S_n $ , or of $ \Bbb Z^ { n-1 } $ .	The automorphism group of a finitely generated free group is the normal closure of a single element of order 2 .	If $ m $ is less than $ n $ then a homomorphism $ Aut ( F_n ) \to Aut ( F_m ) $ can have cardinality at most 2 .	More generally , this is true of homomorphisms from $ \Aut ( F_n ) $ to any group that does not contain an isomorphic copy of the symmetric group $ S_ { n+1 } $ .	These results place constraints on how $ \Aut ( F_n ) $ can act .
+2	The Tully-Fisher and the Faber-Jackson relations in different passbands are used as constraints in the analysis of disk and elliptical galaxies , respectively .	We present a simple phenomenological model of star formation in galaxies that describes the process with a set of a few parameters .	The star formation efficiency and the fraction of gas and metals ejected in outflows are assumed to be the main drivers of star formation .	We find that a steep correlation between efficiency and maximum rotation velocity is needed in disk systems , whereas elliptical galaxies can be explained by a high star formation efficiency , uncorrelated with the central velocity dispersion .	Gas outflows are not important in disks , whereas a correlation of outflows with galaxy mass must be invoked in early-type galaxies to account for the observed colors .
+1	They are central extensions of current algebras associated to finite-dimensional Lie algebras g. In geometric terms these current algebras might be described as Lie algebra valued meromorphic functions on the Riemann sphere with two possible poles .	Classical affine Lie algebras appear e.g.as symmetries of infinite dimensional integrable systems and are related to certain differential equations .	They carry a natural grading .	In this talk the generalization to higher genus compact Riemann surfaces and more poles is reviewed .	In case that the Lie algebra g is reductive ( e.g.g is simple , semi-simple , abelian , ... ) a complete classification of ( almost- ) graded central extensions is given .
+0	User errors while performing security-critical tasks can lead to undesirable or even disastrous consequences .	One major factor influencing mistakes and failures is complexity of such tasks , which has been studied extensively in prior research .	Another important issue which hardly received any attention is the impact of both accidental and intended distractions on users performing security-critical tasks .	In particular , it is unclear whether , and to what extent , unexpected sensory cues ( e.g. , auditory or visual ) can influence user behavior and/or trigger mistakes .	Better understanding of the effects of intended distractions will help clarify their role in adversarial models .
+3	Sufficient conditions under which channel-state aware time-division-multiple-access ( TDMA ) maximizes the aggregate communication rate are established .	This paper considers the optimum single cell power-control maximizing the aggregate ( uplink ) communication rate of the cell when there are peak power constraints at mobile users , and a low-complexity data decoder ( without successive decoding ) at the base station .	It is shown , via the theory of majorization , that the optimum power allocation is binary , which means links are either `` on '' or `` off '' .	By exploiting further structure of the optimum binary power allocation , a simple polynomial-time algorithm for finding the optimum transmission power allocation is proposed , together with a reduced complexity near-optimal heuristic algorithm .	Finally , a numerical study is performed to compare and contrast the performance achieved by the optimum binary power-control policy with other sub-optimum policies and the throughput capacity achievable via successive decoding .
+0	We study the specific heat scaling function of superfluids confined in cubic geometry and in parallel-plate ( film ) geometry with open boundary conditions ( BC ) along the finite dimensions using Monte Carlo simulation .	For the case of cubic geometry for the superfluid order parameter we apply open BC in all three directions .	We also calculated the specific heat scaling function for the parallel-plate confinement using open BC along the finite dimension and periodic BC along the other two dimensions and we find it to be very close to the earlier calculated using Dirichlet instead of open BC .	We find that the specific heat scaling function is significantly different for the two different geometries studied .	In addition , we generally find that the scaling function for a fixed given geometry when calculated with open BC is quite close to that calculated with Dirichlet BC , while when calculated with periodic BC is quite different .
+4	In this pa- per , we investigate relevant geographical areas based on their categories of human activities ( i.e. , working and shopping ) which identified from ge- ographic information ( i.e. , Openstreetmap ) .	Technology development produces terabytes of data generated by hu- man activity in space and time .	This enormous amount of data often called big data becomes crucial for delivering new insights to decision makers .	It contains behavioral information on different types of human activity influenced by many external factors such as geographic infor- mation and weather forecast .	Early recognition and prediction of those human behaviors are of great importance in many societal applications like health-care , risk management and urban planning , etc .
+3	For a serial and transitive relation on a universe , the collection of all the regular sets of the generalized rough set is a lattice .	Rough sets are efficient for data pre-processing in data mining .	Matroids are based on linear algebra and graph theory , and have a variety of applications in many fields .	Both rough sets and matroids are closely related to lattices .	In this paper , we use the lattice to construct a matroid and then study relationships between the lattice and the closed-set lattice of the matroid .
+0	Planar graph navigation is an important problem with significant implications to both point location in geometric data structures and routing in networks .	However , whilst a number of algorithms and existence proofs have been proposed , very little analysis is available for the properties of the paths generated and the computational resources required to generate them under a random distribution hypothesis for the input .	In this paper we analyse a new deterministic planar navigation algorithm with constant competitiveness which follows vertex adjacencies in the Delaunay triangulation .	We call this strategy cone walk .	We prove that given $ n $ uniform points in a smooth convex domain of unit area , and for any start point $ z $ and query point $ q $ ; cone walk applied to $ z $ and $ q $ will access at most $ O ( |zq|\sqrt { n } +\log^7 n ) $ sites with complexity $ O ( |zq|\sqrt { n } \log \log n + \log^7 n ) $ with probability tending to 1 as $ n $ goes to infinity .
+3	A quantitative characterization of such processes is only possible through dedicated laboratory studies , i.e. , under full control of a large set of parameters such as temperature , atom-flux , and ice morphology .	This review paper summarizes the state-of-the-art in laboratory based interstellar ice chemistry .	The focus is on atom addition reactions , illustrating how water , carbon dioxide and methanol can form in the solid state at astronomically relevant temperatures , and also the formation of more complex species such as hydroxylamine , an important prebiotic molecule , and glycolaldehyde , the smallest sugar , is discussed .	These reactions are particularly relevant during the dark ages of star and planet formation , i.e. , when the role of UV light is restricted .	The resulting numbers , physical and chemical constants , e.g. , barrier heights , reaction rates and branching ratios , provide information on the molecular processes at work and are needed as input for astrochemical models , in order to bridge the timescales typical for a laboratory setting to those needed to understand the evolutionary stages of the interstellar medium .
+2	We study this solution in some detail confirming confinement and asymptotic freedom .	The Maldacena Nastase solution is generalised to include massive fundamental matter through the addition of a flavour profile .	This gives a holographic dual to N=1 SYM-CS with massive fundamental matter with a singularity free IR .	A recently proposed solution generating technique is then applied which results in a new type-IIA supergravity solution .	In a certain limit the geometry of this solution is asymptotically AdS_4X Y , where Y is the metric at the base of the Bryant-Salamon G_2 cone , which has topology S^3XS^3 .
+2	The clustering amplitude is reduced by a factor of $ \sim 4 $ between galaxies with $ K & lt ; 15 $ and a fainter magnitude slice with $ 15 & lt ; K & lt ; 16 $ .	We present the first measurement of the angular correlation function in a $ K $ -selected galaxy survey , from two fields covering almost 10 square degrees .	The angular correlation function at small angles is well described by a $ \theta^ { -0.8 } $ power law , as for optically selected samples .	This allows us to place constraints upon the redshift distribution of the galaxies and their spatial correlation function .	We find no clear evidence for a change in clustering amplitude when galaxies are selected by their observed $ B-K $ colours .
+1	The Universe starts off hot and trapped in a false vacuum .	In SuperCool Inflation ( SCI ) , a technically natural and thermal effect gives a graceful exit to old inflation .	The Universe supercools and inflates solving the horizon and flatness problems .	The inflaton couples to a set of QCD like fermions .	When the fermions ' non-Abelian gauge group freezes , the Yukawa terms generate a tadpole for the inflaton , which removes the barrier .
+4	Meanwhile , we also consider the priorities of applications and VMs in our virtual machine placement algorithms .	Virtual machine ( VM ) placement is very important for cloud platforms .	While techniques , such as live virtual machine migration , are very useful to balance the load in the data centers , they are expensive operations .	In this position paper , we propose to minimize the chance of the load hot spots in the data center by applying the workload patterns of the VMs in the virtual machine placement algorithms - place VMs that require a lot of same type of resource across different physical servers .	In this way , the resource competition of VMs on the same physical server is significantly mitigated .
+1	In the presence of a strong magnetic field the Hall -- drift dominates the field evolution in the crust and/or the superfluid core of neutron stars .	There exists both theoretical and observational evidence that the magnetic field decay in neutron stars may proceed in a pronounced non -- linear way during a certain episode of the neutron star 's life .	Analysing observations of $ P $ and $ \dot { P } $ for sufficiently old isolated pulsars we gain strong hints for a significantly non -- linear magnetic field decay .	Under certain conditions with respect to the geometry and strength of a large -- scale magnetic background field an instability is shown to occur which rapidly raises small -- scale magnetic field modes .	Their growth rates increase with the background field strength and may reach $ \sim 10^4 $ times the ohmic decay rate .
+4	Furthermore , we find previously unreported behaviour for clusters that start inside the core region .	Uniquely among the dwarf spheroidal ( dSph ) satellite galaxies of the Milky Way , Fornax hosts globular clusters .	It remains a puzzle as to why dynamical friction has not yet dragged any of Fornax 's five globular clusters to the centre , and also why there is no evidence that any similar star cluster has been in the past ( for Fornax or any other dSph ) .	We set up a suite of 2800 N-body simulations that sample the full range of globular-cluster orbits and mass models consistent with all existing observational constraints for Fornax .	In agreement with previous work , we find that if Fornax has a large dark-matter core then its globular clusters remain close to their currently observed locations for long times .
+2	We show that the gravitational spectrum for high-energy collisions has definite characteristic universal features , which are independent of the spin of the colliding objects .	In this paper , we consider the gravitational radiation generated by the collision of highly relativistic particles with rotating Kerr black holes .	We use the Sasaki-Nakamura formalism to compute the waveform , energy spectra and total energy radiated during this process .	We also discuss possible connections between these results and the black hole-black hole collision at the speed of light process .	With these results at hand , we predict that during the high speed collision of a non-rotating hole with a rotating one , about 35 % of the total energy can get converted into gravitational waves .
+1	Diagnostic emission lines of FeII , [ OIII ] 5007 , and Hb , commonly used to determine the excitation , ionization , and chemical abundances of radio-quiet and radio-loud quasars , were detected .	We present new near-infrared ( rest-frame UV-to-optical ) spectra of the high redshift , gravitationally lensed quasar B 1422+231 ( z=3.62 ) .	Our new data show that the ratio FeII ( UV ) /Hb=18.1+-4.6 and FeII ( optical ) /Hb=2.3+-0.6 are higher than those reported by Kawara et al .	( 1996 ) by factors of 1.6 and 3.3 , respectively , although the ration [ OIII ] 5007/Hb=0.19+-0.02 is nearly the same between the two measurements .	The discrepancy of the line flux ratios between the measurements is likely due to improved data and fitting procedures rather that to intrinsic variability .
+3	It is shown that this property implies asymptotical expansiveness .	We prove a Krieger like embedding theorem for asymptotically expansive systems with the small boundary property .	We show that such a system $ ( X ; T ) $ embeds in the $ K $ -full shift with $ h_ { top } ( T ) & lt ; \log K $ and $ \sharp Per_n ( X ; T ) \leq \sharp Per_n ( \ { 1 , ... , K\ } ^ { \mathbb { Z } } ; \sigma ) $ for any integer $ n $ .	The embedding is in general not continuous ( unless the system is expansive and $ X $ is zero-dimensional ) but the induced map on the set of invariant measures is a topological embedding .	We prove also that the inverse of the embedding map may be continuously extended to a faithful principal symbolic extension .
+4	We report on the work in progress .	Diffuse , non-thermal extended emission not associated with the AGN phenomenon , found in many clusters of galaxies hosted by an AGN , are related to the acceleration of cosmic rays .	In the current work we present preliminary evidence of absence of such formations in clusters of galaxies hosted by optically identified cD galaxies .	Our subsample consists of three powerful low redshift radiogalaxies , centered in poor clusters of galaxies .	We have searched for radio relics and ( mini ) halos which could be forming as a result of the confinement of cosmic rays by bubbles creayed by the AGN .
+2	This population is divided between obscured supergiant HMXBs , and supergiant fast X-ray transients ( SFXTs ) , characterized by short and intense X-ray flares .	In this review I briefly describe the nature of the three kinds of High-Mass X-ray Binaries ( HMXBs ) , accreting through : ( i ) Be circumstellar disc , ( ii ) supergiant stellar wind , and ( iii ) Roche lobe filling supergiants .	A previously unknown population of HMXBs hosting supergiant stars has been revealed in the last years , with multi-wavelength campaigns including high energy ( INTEGRAL , Swift , XMM , Chandra ) and optical/infrared ( mainly ESO ) observations .	I discuss the characteristics of these types of supergiant HMXBs , propose a scenario describing the properties of these high-energy sources , and finally show how the observations can constrain the accretion models ( e.g.clumpy winds , magneto-centrifugal barrier , transitory accretion disc , etc ) .	Because they are the likely progenitors of Luminous Blue Variables ( LBVs ) , and also of double neutron star systems , related to short/hard gamma-ray bursts , the knowledge of the formation and evolution of this HMXB population is of prime importance .
+3	As prime example we study the random walk on the contact process , for which we obtain a law of large numbers in arbitrary dimension .	We consider random walks in dynamic random environment on $ \mathbb { Z } ^d $ , $ d\geq 1 $ , where the dynamics are given by interacting particle systems of $ 2 $ -state type .	Our main result is a general law of large numbers for the walker when the environment is attractive and started from all sites equal to the same state .	We also obtain estimates on the large deviation behavior of the walker .	For this model , further properties about the speed are derived .
+3	In addition a weak anomaly is also observed near 3 K in the C ( $ T $ ) data of CeCrGe $ _ { 3 } $ .	Physical properties of polycrystalline CeCrGe $ _ { 3 } $ and LaCrGe $ _ { 3 } $ have been investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy , magnetic susceptibility $ \chi ( T ) $ , isothermal magnetization M ( H ) , electrical resistivity $ \rho ( T ) $ , specific heat C ( $ T $ ) and thermoelectric power S ( $ T $ ) measurements .	These compounds are found to crystallize in the hexagonal perovskite structure ( space group \textit { P6 $ _ { 3 } $ /mmc } ) , as previously reported .	The $ \rho ( T ) $ , $ \chi ( T ) $ and C ( $ T $ ) data confirm the bulk ferromagnetic ordering of itinerant Cr moments in LaCrGe $ _ { 3 } $ and CeCrGe $ _ { 3 } $ with $ T_ { C } $ = 90 K and 70 K respectively .	The T dependences of $ \rho $ and finite values of Sommerfeld coefficient $ \gamma $ obtained from the specific heat measurements confirm that both the compounds are of metallic character .
+4	We discuss similarities between our results and nanogratings in fused silica written by laser beams with spatially homogeneous as well as radial and azimuthal polarization .	We use finite-difference time-domain modelling to investigate plasma generation induced by multi-photon absorption of intense laser light in dielectrics with tiny inhomogenities .	Plasma generation is found to be strongly amplified around nanometer-sized inhomogeneities as present in glasses .	Each inhomogeneity acts as the seed of a plasma structure growing against the direction of light propagation .	Plasma structures originating from randomly distributed inhomogeneities are found to interact strongly and to organize in regularly spaced planes oriented perpendicularly to the laser polarization .
+0	The interrogation of an ultra-narrow clock transition of a single trapped ion for optical frequency metrology requires a laser stabilized to a couple of Hz per second with a linewidth of the same order of magnitude .	Today , lasers in the visible have reached the Hz-range in frequency stability , if locked onto a high-finesse , ultra-stable reference cavity .	Vertical mounting of the reference cavity can reduce its sensitivity to vibrations as described in \cite { notcutt05 } .	We have designed a comparable vertical cavity with an overall length of 150 mm resulting in a Free Spectral Range of 1GHz .	Optimisation of the cavity design has been carried out with a Finite-Elements Method , leading to expected relative length variations below 10 $ ^ { -14 } $ under the influence of gravity acceleration ( 1 $ g $ ) .
+3	The results obtained for the Collins and Sivers asymmetries from the data collected in 2010 are here presented for the first time .	The study of transverse spin and transverse momentum effects is an important part of the scientific program of COMPASS , a fixed target experiment at the CERN SPS .	For these studies a 160 GeV/c momentum muon beam is scattered on a transversely polarized nucleon target , and the scattered muon and the forward going hadrons produced in DIS processes are reconstructed and identified in a magnetic spectrometer .	The measurements have been performed on a deuteron target in 2002 , 2003 and 2004 , and on a proton target in 2007 and 2010 .	They nicely confirm the findings of the 2007 run and allow for reduction of the errors by more than a factor of two .
+0	We present statistics on the research productivity of astronomical telescopes .	These were compiled by finding papers in which new data were presented , noting which telescopes were used , and then counting the number of papers , number of pages , and other statistics .	The journals used were the Astronomical Journal , the Astrophysical Journal ( including the Letters and Supplements ) , and the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific .	We also compiled citations from the Science Citation Index .	This work was designed to be similar to that of Trimble ( 1995 ) , except that more recent journals ( from 1995 ) and citations ( from 1998 ) were used .
+4	We prove that sufficiently regular perturbations which are also small must be globally regular and strongly converge to a steady state .	We initiate the study of stability of solutions of the 2D inviscid incompressible porous medium equation ( IPM ) .	We begin by classifying all stationary solutions of the inviscid IPM under mild conditions .	We then prove some linear stability results .	We then study solutions of the IPM equation which are sufficiently regular perturbations of linearly stable steady states .
+4	It is found that the microlensing signal depends sensitively upon the mix of smooth and compact dark matter in the cluster .	After decades of searching , the true nature of dark matter still eludes us .	One potential probe of the form of dark matter in galaxy clusters is to search for microlensing variability in the giant arcs and arclets .	In this paper , a simple method is introduced to characterize pixel variability in the limit of high optical depth to microlensing .	Expanding on earlier work , the expected microlensing signal for two massive clusters , A2218 & amp ; A370 is calculated .
+1	Typical arguments include possible benefits to women , possible benefits to the economy , and the unfairness of the current female under-representation .	Many people hold this truth to be self-evident , that there should be more female students in science and engineering .	However , these justifications are never explicitly and thoroughly presented .	Clearly stating and scrutinizing them , we show that they in fact have logical flaws .	When made consistent , these arguments do not unconditionally justify enrolling more women in scientific disciplines .
+3	It transfers inaccuracies of the calculated posterior into deviations from a uniform distribution for a specially constructed test quantity .	We present an approximate calculation of the full Bayesian posterior probability distribution for the local non-Gaussianity parameter $ f_ { \text { nl } } $ from observations of cosmic microwave background anisotropies within the framework of information field theory .	The approximation that we introduce allows us to dispense with numerically expensive sampling techniques .	We use a novel posterior validation method ( DIP test ) in cosmology to test the precision of our method .	For this procedure we study toy cases that use one- and two-dimensional flat skies , as well as the full spherical sky .
+1	We consider the problem in the BCS approximation discarding Fermi-liquid effects .	Neutrino emission due to the pair breaking and formation processes in the bulk triplet superfluid in neutron stars is investigated with taking into account of anomalous weak interactions .	In this approach we derive self-consistent equations for anomalous vector and axial-vector vertices of weak interactions taking into account the $ ^ { 3 } P_ { 2 } - ^ { 3 } F_ { 2 } $ mixing .	Further we simplify the problem and consider the pure $ ^ { 3 } P_ { 2 } $ pairing with $ m_ { j } =0 $ , as is adopted in the minimal cooling paradigm .	As was expected because of current conservation we have obtained a large suppression of the neutrino emissivity in the vector channel .
+3	The only degree of freedom of this theory is an unconventional chiral scalar on a Riemann surface .	We construct a cubic field theory which provides all genus amplitudes of the topological A-model for all non-compact Calabi-Yau toric threefolds .	The topology of a given Feynman diagram encodes the topology of a fixed Calabi-Yau , with Schwinger parameters playing the role of Kahler classes of Calabi-Yau .	We interpret this result as an operatorial computation of the amplitudes in the B-model mirror which is the Kodaira-Spencer quantum theory .	In this setup we identify the B-branes on the mirror Riemann surface as fermions related to the chiral boson by bosonization .
+2	In this two flavor case , our formulae reduce to those obtained by BV under $ T $ -invariance condition .	We examine the general structure of the formulae of neutrino oscillations proposed by Blasone and Vitiello ( BV ) .	Reconstructing their formulae with the retarded propagators of the flavor neutrino fields for the case of many flavors , we can get easily the formulae which satisfy the suitable boundary conditions and are independent of arbitrary mass parameters $ \ { \mu_ { \rho } \ } $ , as is obtained by BV for the case of two flavors .	Furthermore , the reconstructed probabilities are shown to coincide with those derived with recourse to the mass Hilbert space $ { \cal H } _ { m } $ which is unitarily inequivalent to the flavor Hilbert space $ { \cal H } _ { f } $ .	Such a situation is not found in the corresponding construction a la BV .
+4	Therefore , a twofold standard model diagram is proposed , and related to many experiment phenomena : The new meta-stable baryons ' decays produce delta particles , which are helpful to explain the Dijet asymmetry phenomena at LHC of CERN , the different results for the Fermilab 's data peak , etc ; However , according to the ( B-L ) invariance , the sterile `` neutrino '' from `` the event excess in MiniBooNe '' can not be the fourth neutrino but rather the delta particle ; We think that the delta particles are related to the phenomenon about neutrinos FTL , and that anti-neutrinos are faster than neutrinos .	Since there are dark matter particles ( neutrino ) with mass about 10^ ( -1 ) eV in the universe , the superstructures with a scale of 10^ ( 19 ) solar mass [ large number A is about 10^ ( 19 ) ] appeared around the era of the hydrogen recombination .	The redshift z distributions of quasars support the existence of superstructures .	Since there are superstructures in the universe , it is not necessary for the hypothesis of dark energy .	While neutrino is related to electro-weak field , the fourth stable elementary particles ( delta particle ) with mass about 10^ ( 0 ) eV is related to gravitation- '' strong '' field , which suggests p + anti ( p ) -- & gt ; n/anti ( n ) + anti ( delta particle ) / ( delta particle ) and that some new meta-stable baryons appeared near the TeV region .
+1	Given Y , we ask whether there is a global resolution of singularities s : X - & gt ; Y such that the pulled-back cotangent sheaf of Y is generated by differential monomials in suitable coordinates at every point of X ( `` Hsiang-Pati coordinates '' ) .	The main problem studied is resolution of singularities of the cotangent sheaf of a complex- or real-analytic variety Y ( or of an algebraic variety Y over a field of characteristic zero ) .	Desingularization of the cotangent sheaf is equivalent to monomialization of Fitting ideals generated by minors of a given order of the logarithmic Jacobian matrix of s. We prove resolution of singularities of the cotangent sheaf in dimension up to three .	It was previously known for surfaces with isolated singularities ( Hsiang-Pati 1985 , Pardon-Stern 2001 ) .	Consequences include monomialization of the induced Fubini-Study metric on the smooth part of a complex projective variety Y ; there have been important applications of the latter to L2-cohomology .
+1	The properties of equality in question are those of a preordering relation , those of an equivalence relation , and other properties appropriate for an equality relation in linear logic .	This paper is about equality of proofs in which a binary predicate formalizing properties of equality occurs , besides conjunction and the constant true proposition .	The guiding idea is that equality of proofs is induced by coherence , understood as the existence of a faithful functor from a syntactical category into a category whose arrows correspond to diagrams .	Edges in these diagrams join occurrences of variables that must remain the same in every generalization of the proof .	It is found that assumptions about equality of proofs for equality are parallel to standard assumptions about equality of arrows in categories .
+0	We present a study of the composite supernova remnant G0.9+0.1 based on observations by XMM-Newton .	The EPIC spectrum shows diffuse X-ray emission from the region corresponding to the radio shell .	The X-ray spectrum of the whole Pulsar Wind Nebula is well fitted by an absorbed power-law model with a photon index Gamma ~ 1.9 and a 2-10 keV luminosity of about 6.5 X 10^34 d^2_10 erg s^-1 ( d_10 is the distance in units of 10 kpc ) .	However , there is a clear softening of the X-ray spectrum with distance from the core , which is most probably related to the finite lifetime of the synchrotron emitting electrons .	This is fully consistent with the plerionic interpretation of the Pulsar Wind Nebula , in which an embedded pulsar injects energetic electrons into its surrounding region .
+3	We show that as quenching sets an upper value for the source rest-frame gamma-ray luminosity , one has , by neccessity , to resort to Doppler factors that lie above a certain value in order to explain the TeV observations .	In the present work we propose an innovative estimation method for the minimum Doppler factor and energy content of the gamma-ray emitting region of quasar 3C 279 , using a standard proton synchrotron blazar model and the principles of automatic photon quenching .	The latter becomes relevant for high enough magnetic fields and results in spontaneous annihilation of gamma-rays .	The absorbed energy is then redistributed into electron-positron pairs and soft radiation .	The existence of this lower limit for the Doppler factor has also implications on the energetics of the emitting region .
+1	This process corresponds to recovering the world-volume theory of N D2-branes from that of N M2-branes in an intermediate energy range .	In this short note , we reduce the N=6 , U ( N ) xU ( N ) Chern-Simons gauge theories to N=8 , U ( N ) Yang-Mills gauge theories .	The supersymmetries are enhanced because in this limit the branes localize far away from the orbifold singularity .	Our main scheme is exactly in accordance with Mukhi and Papageorgakis 's earlier work , although the Higgs mechanism becomes trickier in the present case .	We also speculate on applying the scheme to a large class of new Bagger-Lambert models more generally .
+1	For temperatures above the order-disorder temperature and in the weak segregation regime , a linear response theory is presented which gives the polymer density in the vicinity of confining flat surfaces .	We present several ordering mechanisms in diblock copolymers .	The surfaces are chemically patterned where different regions attract different parts of the copolymer chain .	The surface pattern or template is decomposed into its Fourier modes , and the decay of these modes is analyzed .	The persistence of the surface pattern into the disordered bulk is given for several types of patterns ( e.g.uniform and striped surface ) .
+4	Numerical results comparing two- and three-grid convergence factors predicted by the local Fourier analysis to real asymptotic convergence factors are presented to confirm the predictions of the analysis and show their usefulness .	A general local Fourier analysis for overlapping block smoothers on triangular grids is presented .	This analysis is explained in a general form for its application to problems with different discretizations .	This tool is demonstrated for two different problems : a stabilized linear finite element discretization of Stokes equations and an edge-based discretization of the curl-curl operator by lowest-order N\'ed\'elec finite element method .	In this latter , special Fourier modes have to be considered in order to perform the analysis .
+4	In particular the results identify which elements of the problem may be addressed by coarse grained methods such as the Darcy approximation and those which require a more complete description .	We report the key findings from numerical solutions of a model of transport within an established perfusion bioreactor design .	The model includes a complete formulation of transport with fully coupled convection-diffusion and scaffold cell attachment .	It also includes the experimentally determined internal ( Poly-L-Lactic Acid ( PLLA ) ) scaffold boundary , together with the external vessel and flow-port boundaries .	Our findings , obtained using parallel lattice Boltzmann equation method , relate to ( i ) whole-device , steady-state flow and species distribution and ( ii ) the properties of the scaffold .
+4	The available data for four streams : the NW stream of M31 , the Pal~5 stream , the Orphan Stream and the Eastern Banded Structure , are compared to the LCDM predicted relation .	The Cold Dark Matter paradigm predicts vast numbers of dark matter sub-halos to be orbiting in galactic halos .	The sub-halos are detectable through the gaps they create gaps in stellar streams .	The gap-rate is an integral over the density of sub-halos , their mass function , velocity distribution and the dynamical age of the stream .	The rate of visible gap creation is a function of the width of the stream .
+0	In this paper we derive and analyze two algorithms -- referred to as decentralized power method ( DPM ) and decentralized Lanczos algorithm ( DLA ) -- for distributed computation of one ( the largest ) or multiple eigenvalues of a sample covariance matrix over a wireless network .	The proposed algorithms , based on sequential average consensus steps for computations of matrix-vector products and inner vector products , are first shown to be equivalent to their centralized counterparts in the case of exact distributed consensus .	Then , closed-form expressions of the error introduced by non-ideal consensus are derived for both algorithms .	The error of the DPM is shown to vanish asymptotically under given conditions on the sequence of consensus errors .	Finally , we consider applications to spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks , and we show that virtually all eigenvalue-based tests proposed in the literature can be implemented in a distributed setting using either the DPM or the DLA .
+2	In this paper , we consider various techniques for demonstrating RIP deterministically , some popular and some novel , and we evaluate their performance .	The restricted isometry property ( RIP ) is a well-known matrix condition that provides state-of-the-art reconstruction guarantees for compressed sensing .	While random matrices are known to satisfy this property with high probability , deterministic constructions have found less success .	In evaluating some techniques , we apply random matrix theory and inadvertently find a simple alternative proof that certain random matrices are RIP .	Later , we propose a particular class of matrices as candidates for being RIP , namely , equiangular tight frames ( ETFs ) .
+0	A new fast multipole formulation for solving elliptic difference equations on unbounded domains and its parallel implementation are presented .	These difference equations can arise directly in the description of physical systems , e.g.crystal structures , or indirectly through the discretization of PDEs .	In the analog to solving continuous inhomogeneous differential equations using Green 's functions , the proposed method uses the fundamental solution of the discrete operator on an infinite grid , or lattice Green 's function .	Fast solutions $ \mathcal { O } ( N ) $ are achieved by using a kernel-independent interpolation-based fast multipole method .	Unlike other fast multipole algorithms , our approach exploits the regularity of the underlying Cartesian grid and the efficiency of FFTs to reduce the computation time .
+3	We determine universal central extensions of basic classical Lie superalgebras in the category of Leibniz superalgebras .	Dialgebras are generalizations of associative algebras which give rise to Leibniz algebras instead of Lie algebras .	In this paper we study super dialgebras and Leibniz superalgebras , which are $ \z_2 $ -graded dialgebras and Leibniz algebras .	We also study universal central extesions of Leibniz superalgebras and obtain some results as in the case of Lie superalgebras .	They play a key role in studying Leibniz superalgebras graded by finite root systems .
+1	The interferometer was placed in a compact configuration which produces high brightness sensitivity , while providing discrimination against point sources .	We have used the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland-Association ( BIMA ) millimeter array outfitted with sensitive cm-wave receivers to search for Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) anisotropies on arcminute scales .	Operating at a frequency of 28.5 GHz , the FWHM primary beam of the instrument is 6.6 arcminutes .	We have made sensitive images of seven fields , five of which where chosen specifically to have low IR dust contrast and be free of bright radio sources .	Additional observations with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory ( OVRO ) millimeter array were used to assist in the location and removal of radio point sources .
+0	Covariant scalar fields exhibit divergences when quantized in two or more spacetime dimensions : n \geg 2 .	Does perturbation theory , effective theories , the renormalization group , etc. , tell us all there is to know about these problems ?	An alternative approach identifies the cause of divergences as due to the effort to multiplicatively relate two measures that are mutually singular , while the cure for those divergences is to introduce an O ( \hbar ) counterterm that converts mutually singular measures into equivalent measures .	This procedure leads to a nontrivial , divergence-free formulation for all n \geq 2 .	Finally , a critical comparison of the new methods with traditional procedures is given .
+3	This method can be applied to cool at once a disordered ensemble of spins .	A suitable sequence of sharp pulses applied to a spin coupled to a bosonic bath can cool its state , i.e. , increase its polarization or ground state occupation probability .	Starting from an unpolarized state of the spin in equilibrium with the bath , one can reach very low temperatures or sizeable polarizations within a time shorter than the decoherence time .	Both the bath and external fields are necessary for the effect which comes from the backreaction of the spin on the bath .	Since the bath is crucial for this mechanism , the cooling limits are set by the strength of its interaction with the spin ( s ) .
+2	Surviving nucleosynthesis products therefore tend to originate from underdense regions .	We study big bang nucleosynthesis in the presence of large mass-scale , non-linear entropy fluctuations .	Overdense regions , with masses above the local baryon-Jeans mass , are expected to collapse and form condensed objects .	We compute expected surviving light element ( $ ^2 $ H , $ ^3 $ He , $ ^4 $ He , $ ^7 $ Li ) abundance yields for a variety of stochastic fluctuation spectra .	In general , we find that spectra with significant power in fluctuations on length scales below that of the local baryon Jeans mass produce nucleosynthesis yields which are in conflict with observationally inferred primordial abundances .
+0	This study examines the differences between Scopus and Web of Science in the citation counting , citation ranking , and h-index of 22 top human-computer interaction ( HCI ) researchers from EQUATOR -- a large British Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration project .	Results indicate that Scopus provides significantly more coverage of HCI literature than Web of Science , primarily due to coverage of relevant ACM and IEEE peer-reviewed conference proceedings .	No significant differences exist between the two databases if citations in journals only are compared .	Although broader coverage of the literature does not significantly alter the relative citation ranking of individual researchers , Scopus helps distinguish between the researchers in a more nuanced fashion than Web of Science in both citation counting and h-index .	Scopus also generates significantly different maps of citation networks of individual scholars than those generated by Web of Science .
+1	It is known that when the matrices of the set have a common nonincreasing polyhedral norm , all infinite products converge to zero if and only if all infinite periodic products with period smaller than a certain value converge to zero , and bounds exist on that value .	We analyze the asymptotic convergence of all infinite products of matrices taken in a given finite set , by looking only at finite or periodic products .	We provide a stronger bound holding for both polyhedral norms and polyhedral seminorms .	In the latter case , the matrix products do not necessarily converge to 0 , but all trajectories of the associated system converge to a common invariant space .	We prove our bound to be tight , in the sense that for any polyhedral seminorm , there is a set of matrices such that not all infinite products converge , but every periodic product with period smaller than our bound does converge .
+1	However their characteristics and formation mechanisms are not yet fully understood .	With the progress of detection techniques , the number of low-mass and small-size exoplanets is increasing rapidly .	The metallicity of the host star is a critical parameter in such processes and can impact the occurence rate or physical properties of these planets .	While a frequency-metallicity correlation has been found for giant planets , this is still an ongoing debate for their smaller counterparts .	Using the published parameters of a sample of 157 exoplanets lighter than 40 Mearth , we explore the mass-metallicity space of Neptunes and Super-Earths .
+4	However , in Paper II of this series ( Richter et al .	The Magellanic Stream ( MS ) is a massive and extended tail of multi-phase gas stripped out of the Magellanic Clouds and interacting with the Galactic halo .	In this first paper of an ongoing program to study the Stream in absorption , we present a chemical abundance analysis based on HST/COS and VLT/UVES spectra of four AGN ( RBS 144 , NGC 7714 , PHL 2525 , and HE 0056-3622 ) lying behind the MS. Two of these sightlines yield good MS metallicity measurements : toward RBS 144 we measure a low MS metallicity of [ S/H ] = [ S II/H I ] =-1.13+/-0.16 while toward NGC 7714 we measure [ O/H ] = [ O I/H I ] =-1.24+/-0.20 .	Taken together with the published MS metallicity toward NGC 7469 , these measurements indicate a uniform abundance of ~0.1 solar along the main body of the Stream .	This provides strong support to a scenario in which most of the Stream was tidally stripped from the SMC ~1.5 -- 2.5 Gyr ago ( a time at which the SMC had a metallicity of ~0.1 solar ) , as predicted by several N-body simulations .
+3	The non-observation of tensor modes imposes new constraints on the parameter space of the system that are about one order of magnitude stronger than those found in our previous work .	In arXiv:0908.4089 , we have proposed a model where natural inflation is realized on a steep potential as a consequence of the interaction of the inflaton with gauge fields through an axion-like coupling .	In the present work we study the nongaussianities and the spectrum of tensor modes generated in this scenario .	The nongaussianities turn out to be compatible with current observations and can be large enough to be detectable by Planck .	More importantly , in certain regions of the parameter space tensor modes might be detected by upcoming Cosmic Microwave Background experiments even if inflation occurs at energies as low as the TeV scale .
+0	Given a graph G , a real orthogonal representation of G is a function from its set of vertices to R^d such that two vertices are mapped to orthogonal vectors if and only if they are not neighbors .	The minimum vector rank of a graph is the smallest dimension d for which such a representation exists .	This quantity is closely related to the minimum semidefinite rank of G , which has been widely studied .	Considering the minimum vector rank as an analogue of the chromatic number , this work defines critical graphs as those for which the removal of any vertex decreases the minimum vector rank ; and complement critical graphs as those for which the removal of any vertex decreases the minimum vector rank of either the graph or its complement .	It establishes necessary and sufficient conditions for certain classes of graphs to be complement critical , in the process calculating their minimum vector rank .
+3	Here we propose ProDiGe , a novel algorithm for Prioritization of Disease Genes .	Elucidating the genetic basis of human diseases is a central goal of genetics and molecular biology .	While traditional linkage analysis and modern high-throughput techniques often provide long lists of tens or hundreds of disease gene candidates , the identification of disease genes among the candidates remains time-consuming and expensive .	Efficient computational methods are therefore needed to prioritize genes within the list of candidates , by exploiting the wealth of information available about the genes in various databases .	ProDiGe implements a novel machine learning strategy based on learning from positive and unlabeled examples , which allows to integrate various sources of information about the genes , to share information about known disease genes across diseases , and to perform genome-wide searches for new disease genes .
+4	We show that it can be expressed in terms of a suitable modification of the partition function of D4-D2-D0 BPS black holes , constructed out of the generating function of MSW invariants ( the latter coincide with Donaldson-Thomas invariants in a particular chamber ) .	We study D3-instanton corrections to the hypermultiplet moduli space in type IIB string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold .	In a previous work , consistency of D3-instantons with S-duality was established at first order in the instanton expansion , using the modular properties of the M5-brane elliptic genus .	We extend this analysis to the two-instanton level , where wall-crossing phenomena start playing a role .	We focus on the contact potential , an analogue of the Kahler potential which must transform as a modular form under S-duality .
+2	We focus on the minimal realisation of the TH mechanism , the Fraternal Twin Higgs , with only a single generation of twin quarks and leptons , and $ SU ( 3 ) '\times SU ( 2 ) ' $ gauge group .	Dark matter ( DM ) without a matter asymmetry is studied in the context of Twin Higgs ( TH ) theories in which the LHC naturalness problem is addressed .	These possess a twin sector related to the Standard Model ( SM ) by a ( broken ) $ \mathbb { Z } _2 $ symmetry , and interacting with the SM via a specific Higgs portal .	We show that a variety of natural twin-WIMP DM candidates are present ( directly linked to the weak scale by naturalness ) , the simplest and most attractive being the $ \tau^\prime $ lepton with a mass $ m_ { \tau^\prime } & gt ; m_ { \rm Higgs } /2 $ , although spin-1 $ W^ { \prime\pm } $ DM and multicomponent DM are also possible ( twin baryons are strongly disfavoured by tuning ) .	We consider in detail the dynamics of the possibly ( meta ) stable glueballs in the twin sector , the nature of the twin QCD phase transition , and possible new contributions to the number of relativistic degrees of freedom $ \Delta N_ { \rm eff } $ .
+3	While the former supports unidirectionally moving electron breathers attributed to highly efficient long-range conductivity the breather mobility in the latter case is comparatively restrained inhibiting charge transport .	We investigate the charge transport in synthetic DNA polymers built up from single types of base pairs .	In the context of a polaron-like model , for which an electronic tight-binding system and bond vibrations of the double helix are coupled , we present estimates for the electron-vibration coupling strengths utilizing a quantum-chemical procedure .	Subsequent studies concerning the mobility of polaron solutions , representing the state of a localized charge in unison with its associated helix deformation , show that the system for poly ( dG ) -poly ( dC ) and poly ( dA ) -poly ( dT ) DNA polymers , respectively possess quantitatively distinct transport properties .	Our results are in agreement with recent experimental results demonstrating that poly ( dG ) -poly ( dC ) DNA molecules acts as a semiconducting nanowire and exhibits better conductance than poly ( dA ) -poly ( dT ) ones .
+1	The latter is customarily defined specifying the functions epsilon ( theta ) ( the energy emitted per jet unit solid angle ) and Gamma ( theta ) ( the Lorentz factor of the emitting material ) ; the apparent structure is instead defined by us as the isotropic equivalent energy E_iso ( theta_v ) as a function of the viewing angle theta_v .	With this paper we introduce the concept of apparent structure of a GRB jet , as opposed to its intrinsic structure .	We show how to predict the apparent structure of a jet given its intrinsic structure .	We find that a Gaussian intrinsic structure yields a power law apparent structure : this opens a new viewpoint on the Gaussian ( which can be understood as a proxy for a realistic narrow , well collimated jet structure ) as a possible candidate for a quasi-universal GRB jet structure .	We show that such a model ( a ) is consistent with recent constraints on the observed luminosity function of GRBs ; ( b ) implies fewer orphan afterglows with respect to the standard uniform model ; ( c ) can break out the progenitor star ( in the collapsar scenario ) without wasting an unreasonable amount of energy ; ( d ) is compatible with the explanation of the Amati correlation as a viewing angle effect ; ( e ) can be very standard in energy content , and still yield a very wide range of observed isotropic equivalent energies .
+4	The results are consistent with ISM velocities local to the PSR 0834+06 sight-line ( through the Galaxy ) .	Our analysis of archival VLBI data of PSR 0834+06 revealed that its scintillation properties can be precisely modelled using the inclined sheet model ( Pen & amp ; Levin 2014 ) , resulting in two distinct lens planes .	These data strongly favour the grazing sheet model over turbulence as the primary source of pulsar scattering .	This model can reproduce the parameters of the observed diffractive scintillation with an accuracy at the percent level .	Comparison with new VLBI proper motion results in a direct measure of the ionized ISM screen transverse velocity .
+2	The study has revealed that there are two molecular components at separate velocities peaked toward the center of M20 and that their temperatures - 30-50 K as derived by an LVG analysis - are significantly higher than the 10 K of their surroundings .	A large-scale study of the molecular clouds toward the Trifid nebula , M20 , has been made in the J=2-1 and J=1-0 transitions of 12CO and 13CO .	M20 is ionized predominantly by an O7.5 star HD164492 .	We identify that the two clouds as the parent clouds of the first generation stars in M20 .	The mass of each cloud is estimated to be ~10^3 Msun and their separation velocity is ~8 km/s over ~1-2 pc .
+2	The dynamics of two important invariant sets is investigated in some detail .	We apply dynamical systems techniques to investigate cosmological models inspired in scalar-tensor theories written in the Einstein frame .	We prove that if the potential and the coupling function are sufficiently smooth functions , the scalar field almost always diverges into the past .	By assuming some regularity conditions for the potential and for the coupling function , it is constructed a dynamical system well suited to investigate the dynamics where the scalar field diverges , i.e.near the initial singularity .	The critical points therein are investigated and the cosmological solutions associated to them are characterized .
+3	Here we consider the case of exponential mixing or rapid mixing ( super polynomial ) .	The transfer operator associated to a flow ( continuous time dynamical system ) is a one-parameter operator semigroup .	We consider the operator-valued Laplace transform of this one-parameter semigroup .	Estimates on the Laplace transform have be used in various settings in order to show the rate at which the flow mixes .	We develop the operator theory framework amenable to this setting and show that the same estimates may be used to produce results , in terms of the operators , which go beyond the results for the rate of mixing .
+2	From data on more than 2 million patents and their citations , we extract an attractiveness function , $ A ( k , l ) $ , which determines the likelihood that a patent will be cited .	This paper reports results of a network theory approach to the study of the United States patent system .	We model the patent citation network as a discrete time , discrete space stochastic dynamic system .	$ A ( k , l ) $ is approximately separable into a product of a function $ A_k ( k ) $ and a function $ A_l ( l ) $ , where $ k $ is the number of citations already received ( in-degree ) and $ l $ is the age measured in patent number units .	$ A_l ( l ) $ displays a peak at low $ l $ and a long power law tail , suggesting that some patented technologies have very long-term effects .
+0	The modelling of the adherence energy during peeling of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ( PSA ) has received much attention since the 1950 's , uncovering several factors that aim at explaining their high adherence on most substrates , such as the softness and strong viscoelastic behaviour of the adhesive , the low thickness of the adhesive layer and its confinement by a rigid backing .	The more recent investigation of adhesives by probe-tack methods also revealed the importance of cavitation and stringing mechanisms during debonding , underlining the influence of large deformations and of the related non-linear response of the material , which also intervenes during peeling .	Although a global modelling of the complex coupling of all these ingredients remains a formidable issue , we report here some key experiments and modelling arguments that should constitute an important step forward .	We first measure a non-trivial dependence of the adherence energy on the loading geometry , namely through the influence of the peeling angle , which is found to be separable from the peeling velocity dependence .	This is the first time to our knowledge that such adherence energy dependence on the peeling angle is systematically investigated and unambiguously demonstrated .
+4	This result is practically independent from the coupling of A to b quarks .	Models with an extended Higgs sector , as the NMSSM , allow for scenarios where the Standard Model-like CP-even Higgs boson H decays dominantly as H - & gt ; AA - & gt ; 4 tau where A is a light CP-odd Higgs boson .	Tight constraints on this scenario in the form of lower bounds on M_H have recently been published by the ALEPH group .	We show that , due to A - eta_b mixing , the branching ratio H - & gt ; AA - & gt ; 4 tau is strongly reduced for M_A in the range 9 - 10.5 GeV .	This is the range of M_A in which the tension between the observed eta_b ( 1S ) mass and its prediction based on QCD can be resolved due to mixing , and which is thus still consistent with a light CP-even Higgs boson H satisfying LEP constraints with a mass well below 114 GeV .
+4	We show that the model predicts star formation rates in agreement with observations from the scales of individual star-forming regions to the kiloparsec scales .	We present a study of a star formation prescription in which star formation efficiency depends on local gas density and turbulent velocity dispersion , as suggested by direct simulations of SF in turbulent giant molecular clouds ( GMCs ) .	We test the model using a simulation of an isolated Milky Way-sized galaxy with a self-consistent treatment of turbulence on unresolved scales .	We show that this prescription predicts a wide variation of local star formation efficiency per free-fall time , $ \epsilon_ { \rm ff } \sim 0.1 - 10\ % $ , and gas depletion time , $ t_ { \rm dep } \sim 0.1 - 10 $ Gyr .	In addition , it predicts an effective density threshold for star formation due to suppression of $ \epsilon_ { \rm ff } $ in warm diffuse gas stabilized by thermal pressure .
+0	In this paper a method of obtaining smooth analytical estimates of probability densities , radial distribution functions and potentials of mean force from sampled data in a statistically controlled fashion is presented .	The approach is general and can be applied to any density of a single random variable .	The method outlined here avoids the use of histograms , which require the specification of a physical parameter ( bin size ) and tend to give noisy results .	The technique is an extension of the Berg-Harris method [ B.A.Berg and R.C.Harris , Comp.Phys.Comm .	179 , 443 ( 2008 ) ] , which is typically inaccurate for radial distribution functions and potentials of mean force due to a non-uniform Jacobian factor .
+1	A security policy describes the communication relationship between the networked entities .	Large systems are commonly internetworked .	The security policy defines rules , for example that A can connect to B , which results in a directed graph .	However , this policy is often implemented in the network , for example by firewalls , such that A can establish a connection to B and all packets belonging to established connections are allowed .	This stateful implementation is usually required for the network 's functionality , but it introduces the backflow from B to A , which might contradict the security policy .
+2	Samples with higher doping concentrations displayed higher oxidation rates .	The doping dependence of dry thermal oxidation rates in n-type 4H-SiC was investigated .	The oxidation was performed in the temperature range 1000C to 1200C for samples with nitrogen doping in the range of 6.5e15/cm3 to 9.3e18/cm3 , showing a clear doping dependence .	The results were interpreted using a modified Deal-Grove model .	Linear and parabolic rate constants and activation energies were extracted .
+1	In this paper we study the connection between the expression of $ \vartheta ( b ) : =\lim_ { n\to \infty } Z_ { b } ( n ) /n $ in base $ b $ , and that of $ Z_ { b } ( b^ { k } ) $ .	Let us denote by $ Z_ { b } ( n ) $ the number of trailing zeroes in the base b expansion of $ n ! $ .	In particular , if $ b $ is a prime power , we will show the equality between the $ k $ digits of $ Z_ { b } ( b^ { k } ) $ and the first $ k $ digits in the fractional part of $ \vartheta ( b ) $ .	In the general case we will see that this equality still holds except for , at most , the last $ \lfloor \log_ { b } ( k ) +3\rfloor $ digits .	We finally show that this bound can be improved if $ b $ is square-free and present some conjectures about this bound .
+4	We demonstrate that our microscopic material-oriented procedure is necessary to uniquely resolve a topological superconductor state .	The search for topological superconductors has recently become a key issue in condensed matter physics , because of their possible relevance to provide a platform for Majorana bound states , non-Abelian statistics , and fault-tolerant quantum computing .	We propose a new scheme which links as directly as possible the experimental search to a material-based microscopic theory for topological superconductivity .	For this , the analysis of scanning tunneling microscopy , which typically uses a phenomenological ansatz for the superconductor gap functions , is elevated to a theory , where a multi-orbital functional renormalization group analysis allows for an unbiased microscopic determination of the material-dependent pairing potentials .	The combined approach is highlighted for paradigmatic hexagonal systems , such as doped graphene and water-intercalated sodium cobaltates , where lattice symmetry and electronic correlations yield a propensity for a chiral singlet topological superconductor state .
+1	As stars close to the galactic centre have short orbital periods it has been possible to trace large fractions of their orbits in the recent years .	This paper has been withdrawn temporarily by the authors .	Previously the data of the orbit of the star S2 have been fitted with Keplerian orbits corresponding to a massive black hole ( MBH ) with a mass of M $ _ { BH } $ =3-4 $ \times10^6 $ M_sun implying an insignificant cusp mass.However , it has also been shown that the central black hole resides in a ~1 '' diameter stellar cluster of a priori unknown mass .	In a spherical potential which is neither Keplerian nor harmonic , orbits will precess resulting in inclined rosetta shaped trajectories on the sky .	In this case , the assumption of non-Keplerian orbits is a more physical approach .
+4	This scenario yields events containing 4 $ b $ -jets and missing transverse energy .	An overview of recent experimental searches for SUSY particles is presented .	These searches are based on data collected by the CDF and the \D0 experiments operating at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider with $ \sqrt { s } $ = 1.96 TeV .	The review focuses on searches for squarks and gluinos in final states with missing transverse energy and jets .	Emphasis will be given to the search for the gluino decaying into a sbottom and $ b $ quark with each sbottom decaying into a $ b $ quark and a neutralino .
+0	In this paper , the performance of high speed optical fiber based network is analysed by using dispersion compensating module ( DCM ) .	The optimal operating condition of the DCM is obtained by considering dispersion management configurations for the symmetrical system i.e Pre-compensation & amp ; Post-compensation .	The dispersion compensating fiber ( DCF ) is tested for a single span , single channel system operating at a speed of 10 Gb/s with a transmitting wavelength of 1550 nm , over 120 km single mode fibre by using the compensating fiber for 24 km,30km and 35Km .	So far , most of the investigations for single mode fiber ( SMF ) transmission at high amplifier spacings in the order of 90 km to 120 km is focused on conventional Non Return to Zero ( NRZ ) format .	The simulation results are validated by analysing the Q-factor and Bit error rate ( BER ) in the numerical simulator OptSim .
+0	We report the experimental results from a dark study and a photo-excited study of the high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs system at large filling factors , $ \nu $ .	At large- $ \nu $ , the dark study indicates several distinct phase relations ( `` Type-1 '' , `` Type-2 '' , and `` Type-3 '' ) between the oscillatory diagonal- and Hall- resistances , as the canonical Integral Quantum Hall Effect ( IQHE ) is manifested in the `` Type-1 '' case of approximately orthogonal diagonal- and Hall resistance- oscillations .	Surprisingly , the investigation indicates quantum Hall plateaus also in the `` Type-3 '' case characterized by approximately `` anti-phase '' Hall- and diagonal- resistance oscillations , suggesting a new class of IQHE .	Transport studies under microwave photo-excitation exhibit radiation-induced magneto-resistance oscillations in both the diagonal , $ R_ { xx } $ , and off-diagonal , $ R_ { xy } $ , resistances .	Further , when the radiation-induced magneto-resistance oscillations extend into the quantum Hall regime , there occurs a radiation-induced non-monotonic variation in the amplitude of Shubnikov-de Haas ( SdH ) oscillations in $ R_ { xx } $ \textit { vs } .
+3	In our formulation , we interpret the observation through the Poisson noise channel as a likelihood , and evaluate the bound of it with a Gaussian function using a latent variable method .	We treat an image restoration problem with a Poisson noise chan- nel using a Bayesian framework .	The Poisson randomness might be appeared in observation of low contrast object in the field of imaging .	The noise observation is often hard to treat in a theo- retical analysis .	We then introduce a Gaussian Markov random field ( GMRF ) as the prior for the Bayesian approach , and derive the posterior as a Gaussian distribution .
+0	Given finite posets $ P $ and $ Q $ , we consider a specific ideal $ L ( P , Q ) $ , whose minimal monomial generators correspond to order-preserving maps $ \phi : P\rightarrow Q $ .	We study algebraic invariants of those ideals .	In particular , sharp lower and upper bounds for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and the projective dimension are provided .	Precise formulas are obtained for a large subclass of these ideals .	Moreover , we provide complete characterizations for several algebraic properties of $ L ( P , Q ) $ , including being Buchsbaum , Cohen-Macaulay , Gorenstein and having a linear resolution .
+3	The charge distribution is also determined in the case where the nucleon and ion components of the reaction products are predominant .	A theory of nucleus-nucleus collisions has been developed for kinetic energies substantially in excess of the binding energy .	The very high pressure produced in the compound system as a result of the fusion of the two colliding nuclei is the reason for the subsequent hydrodynamic expansion of the nuclear medium .	The energy and angular distributions of the reaction products are investigated .	A solution is found for the expansion into vacuum of a sphere in which the initially uniformly distributed material is initially at rest and at an ultrarelativistic temperature .
+1	Meixner oscillators include as limits and particular cases the Charlier , Kravchuk and Hermite ( common quantum-mechanical ) harmonic oscillators .	Meixner oscillators have a ground state and an `energy ' spectrum that is equally spaced ; they are a two-parameter family of models that satisfy a Hamiltonian equation with a { \it difference } operator .	By the Sommerfeld-Watson transformation they are also related with a relativistic model of the linear harmonic oscillator , built in terms of the Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials , and their continuous weight function .	We construct explicitly the corresponding coherent states with the dynamical symmetry group Sp ( 2 , $ \Re $ ) .	The reproducing kernel for the wavefunctions of these models is also found .
+0	It is well acknowledged that innovation is a key success factor in mobile service domain .	Having creative ideas is the first critical step in the innovation process .	Many studies suggest that customers are a valuable source of creative ideas .	However , the literature also shows that adults may be constrained by existing technology frames , which are known to hinder creativity .	Instead young children ( aged 7-12 ) are considered digital natives yet are free from existing technology frames .
+2	In this approximation , we derive a two-dimensional lens equation and formulae for the position and the magnification of the relativistic images in the strong field limit .	Spherically symmetric black holes produce , by strong field lensing , two infinite series of relativistic images , formed by light rays winding around the black hole at distances comparable to the gravitational radius .	In this paper , we address the relevance of the black hole spin for the strong field lensing phenomenology , focusing on trajectories close to the equatorial plane for simplicity .	The most outstanding effect is the generation of a non trivial caustic structure .	Caustics drift away from the optical axis and acquire finite extension .
+1	In the upper two levels of the system we see a `coupled ' localization for both 2D and 3D case .	Schemes for two-dimensional ( 2D ) and three-dimensional ( 3D ) atomic states localization in a five level M-type system using standing-wave laser fields are presented .	Here , the state in which majority of population will be found depends on the sign of the detunings between the upper levels and the intermediate level .	The experimental implementation of the scheme using the D2 line of Rb is also proposed .	The scheme may be manipulated to achieve subwavelength localization of atoms in one dimension to a spatial width , smaller by a factor of 1000 than the incident wavelength .
+1	Szekeres gave a closed-form description of S_3 in 1936 , and Layman provided a similar description for S_4 in 1999 .	Let the sequence S_m of nonnegative integers be generated by the following conditions : Set the first term a_0 = 0 , and for all k \geq 0 , let a_k+1 be the least integer greater than a_k such that no element of { a_0 , ... , a_k+1 } is the average of m - 1 distinct other elements .	We first find closed forms for some similar greedy sequences that avoid averages in terms not all the same .	Then , we extend the closed-form description of S_m from the known cases when m = 3 and m = 4 to any integer m \geq 3 .	With the help of a computer , we also generalize this to sequences that avoid solutions to specific weighted averages in distinct terms .
+2	Moreover , we make use of the recently released O ( alpha ) -improved parton distributions MRST2004QED and identify the relevant QED factorization scheme , which is DIS like .	A previous calculation of electroweak O ( alpha ) corrections to deep-inelastic neutrino scattering , as e.g.measured by NuTeV and NOMAD , is supplemented by higher-order effects .	In detail , we take into account universal two-loop effects from \Delta\alpha and \Delta\rho as well as higher-order final-state photon radiation off muons in the structure function approach .	As a technical byproduct , we describe slicing and subtraction techniques for an efficient calculation of a new type of real corrections that are induced by the generated photon distribution .	A numerical discussion of the higher-order effects suggests that the remaining theoretical uncertainty from unknown electroweak corrections is dominated by non-universal two-loop effects and is of the order 0.0003 when translated into a shift in sin^2\theta_W=1-MW^2/MZ^2 .
+0	Finite-temperature local spin dynamics within the random spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain is studied numerically .	The aim is to explain measured NMR spin-lattice relaxation times in BaCu_ { 2 } ( Si_ { 0.5 } Ge_ { 0.5 } ) _ { 2 } O_ { 7 } , which is the realization of a random spin chain .	In agreement with experiments we find that the distribution of relaxation times within the model shows a very large span similar to the stretched-exponential form .	The distribution is strongly reduced with increasing T but stays finite also in the high-T limit .	Our results reveal the crucial role of the anisotropy ( interaction ) , since the behavior is essentially contrast with the ones for XX model ( equivalent to noninteracting fermions ) , where we do not find any significant T dependence of the distribution .
+4	Our results confirm that flux tube phase is topologically favorable .	Structure of the intermediate state in type-I superconducting lead ( Pb ) is shown to be very sensitive to the ramp rate of an applied magnetic field .	The configurations of resulting static patterns depend sensitively on the shape of the specimen .	In particular , geometric barrier , present in the samples with rectangular cross-section , plays an important role in determining the sharp boundary between the phases of different topology .	We propose that seemingly laminar ( stripe ) pattern obtained as a result of the fast field ramp is simply an imprint left behind by the fast-moving flux tubes .
+4	We use the inversion formula for the Fourier transform of the random walk to provide such estimates .	In this paper , we study a family of lattice walks which are related to the Hadamard conjecture .	There is a bijection between paths of these walks which originate and terminate at the origin and equivalence classes of partial Hadamard matrices .	Therefore , the existence of partial Hadamard matrices can be proved by showing that there is positive probability of a random walk returning to the origin after a specified number of steps .	Moreover , the number of these designs can be approximated by estimating the return probabilities .
+3	We explain how to construct the first order differential equations and investigate properties of the associated connections , thereby preparing the grounds for an analysis of quantum symmetries .	In this letter we introduce a generalization of the Knizhnik- Zamolodchikov equations from affine Lie algebras to a wide class of conformal field theories ( not necessarily rational ) .	The new equations describe correlations functions of primary fields and of a finite number of their descendents .	Our proposal is based on Nahm 's concept of small spaces which provide adequate substitutes for the lowest energy subspaces in modules of affine Lie algebras .	The general considerations are illustrated in examples of Virasoro minimal models .
+4	These are essential for the precise statistical analysis of the large-scale cluster distribution .	We present the catalogue of the REFLEX Cluster Survey providing information on the X-ray properties , redshifts , and some identification details of the clusters in the REFLEX sample .	The catalogue describes a statistically complete X-ray flux-limited sample of 447 galaxy clusters above an X-ray flux of 3 10 ( -12 ) erg /s/cm**2 ( 0.1 to 2.4 keV ) in an area of 4.24 ster in the southern sky .	The cluster candidates were first selected by their X-ray emission in the ROSAT-All Sky Survey and subsequently spectroscopically identified in the frame of an ESO key programme .	In addition to the cluster catalogue we also describe the complete selection criteria as a function of the sky position and the conversion functions used to analyse the X-ray data .
+0	We consider birth-and-death stochastic evolution of genotypes with different lengths .	The genotypes might mutate that provides a stochastic changing of lengthes by a free diffusion law .	The birth and death rates are length dependent which corresponds to a selection effect .	We study an asymptotic behavior of a density for an infinite collection of genotypes .	The cases of space homogeneous and space heterogeneous densities are considered .
+2	The constraints on the heavy meson -light vector and heavy meson-light pseudoscalar coupling constants are obtained using experimental $ D^* \ra D \ , \gamma $ branching ratios .	Electromagnetic interactions are introduced in the effective chiral Lagrangian for heavy mesons which includes light vector particles .	A suitable notion of vector meson dominance is formulated .	These constraints are compared with values estimated from semi-leptonic transition amplitudes as well as from extension of the light meson coupling pattern .	Application to the heavy baryon spectrum in the `` bound state `` model is made .
+1	Here we show the first absorption imaging of a single atom isolated in vacuum .	Absorption imaging has played a key role in the advancement of science from van Leeuwenhoek 's discovery of red blood cells to modern observations of dust clouds in stellar nebulas and Bose-Einstein condensates .	The optical properties of atoms are thoroughly understood , so a single atom is an ideal system for testing the limits of absorption imaging .	A single atomic ion was confined in an RF Paul trap and the absorption imaged at near wavelength resolution with a phase Fresnel lens .	The observed image contrast of 3.1 ( 3 ) % is the maximum theoretically allowed for the imaging resolution of our setup .
+3	In addition , our flexible framework can easily accommodate other variants of the MPP problem .	In this paper , we study the problem of optimal multi-robot path planning ( MPP ) on graphs .	We propose two multiflow based integer linear programming ( ILP ) models that computes minimum last arrival time and minimum total distance solutions for our MPP formulation , respectively .	The resulting algorithms from these ILP models are complete and guaranteed to yield true optimal solutions .	Focusing on the time optimal algorithm , we evaluate its performance , both as a stand alone algorithm and as a generic heuristic for quickly solving large problem instances .
+1	Though conceptually simple and easy to understand , the mention-pair model is linguistically rather unappealing and lags far behind the heuristic-based coreference models proposed in the pre-statistical NLP era in terms of sophistication .	Traditional learning-based coreference resolvers operate by training the mention-pair model for determining whether two mentions are coreferent or not .	Two independent lines of recent research have attempted to improve the mention-pair model , one by acquiring the mention-ranking model to rank preceding mentions for a given anaphor , and the other by training the entity-mention model to determine whether a preceding cluster is coreferent with a given mention .	We propose a cluster-ranking approach to coreference resolution , which combines the strengths of the mention-ranking model and the entity-mention model , and is therefore theoretically more appealing than both of these models .	In addition , we seek to improve cluster rankers via two extensions : ( 1 ) lexicalization and ( 2 ) incorporating knowledge of anaphoricity by jointly modeling anaphoricity determination and coreference resolution .
+2	Analytic and semi-analytic results are derived , providing a unique method to determine the temperature , condensate density , coherent length and/or single particle gap etc .	We investigate the finite temperature momentum distribution of bosonic noncondensate particles inside a 3D optical lattice near the superfluid to Mott insulator transition point , treating the quantum fluctuation and thermal fluctuation effects on equal footing .	We explicitly address the different momentum ( $ q $ ) dependence of quasi-particles excitations resulted from thermal and quantum origin : the former scales as $ |\bfq|^ { -2 } $ and hence is dominant in the small momentum region , while the later scales as $ |\bfq|^ { -1 } $ and hence dominant in the large momentum limit .	inside the optical lattice .	Our results also agree with the scaling theory of a quantum $ XY $ model near the transition point .
+4	We calculate numerically spin squeezing parameter showing that it is possible to reach the strongest squeezing set by the two-axis countertwisting model .	We study the effect of dipolar interactions on the level of squeezing in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates by using the single mode approximation .	We limit our consideration to the $ \mathfrak { su } ( 2 ) $ Lie subalgebra spanned by spin operators .	The biaxial nature of dipolar interactions allows for dynamical generation of spin-squeezed states in the system .	We analyze the phase portraits in the reduced mean-filed space in order to determine positions of unstable fixed points .
+0	When an object is dropped into a bed of fine , loosely packed sand , a surprisingly energetic jet shoots out of the bed .	In this work we study the effect that boundaries have on the granular jet formation .	We did this by ( i ) decreasing the depth of the sand bed and ( ii ) reducing the container diameter to only a few ball diameters .	These confinements change the behavior of the ball inside the bed , the void collapse , and the resulting jet height and shape .	We map the parameter space of impact with Froude number , ambient pressure , and container dimensions as parameters .
+0	I consider a three-dimensional string theory whose action , besides the standard area term , contains one of the form $ \int_ { \Sigma } \epsilon_ { \mu\nu\sigma } X^ { \mu } d X^ { \nu } \wedge d X^ { \sigma } $ .	In the case of closed strings this extra term has a simple geometrical interpretation as the volume enclosed by the surface .	The associated variational problem yields as solutions constant mean curvature surfaces .	One may then show the equivalence of this equation of motion to that of an SU ( 2 ) principal chiral model coupled to gravity .	It is also possible by means of the Kemmotsu representation theorem , restricted to constant curvature surfaces , to map the solution space of the string model into the one of the $ CP^1 $ nonlinear sigma model .
+2	It remains an open question , due to lack of complete data for various cases with restricted growth , whether this e^ { 1/2 } ratio can be stated as e^ { 1/2 } -Law .	For many natural process of growth , with the growth rate independent of size due to Gibrat law and with the growth process following a log-normal distribution , the ratio between the time ( D ) for maximum value and the time ( L ) for maximum growth rate ( inflexion point ) is then equal to the square root of the base of the natural logarithm ( e^ { 1/2 } ) .	On the logarithm scale this ratio becomes one half ( ( 1/2 ) ) .	Two established examples already published , one for an epidemic spreading and one for droplet production , support however this ratio .	Another example appears to be the height of humain body .
+0	In order to characterize the higher order moments of the particle multiplicity , we implement the linear-sigma model with Polyakov-loop correction .	We first studied the critical phenomena and estimated some thermodynamic quantities .	Then , we compared all these results with the first -- principle lattice QCD calculations .	Then , the extensive study of non-normalized four moments is followed by investigating their thermal and density dependence .	We repeat this for moments normalized to temperature and chemical potential .
+4	The estimation made directly from their data points gives a considerably smaller value of \mu_ { eff } =2.09\mu_B .	Recently , Zou et al . ( Phys.Rev.Lett .	80 , 1074 , 1998 ) reported the observation of bulk superconductivity ( SC ) for a PrBa_2Cu_3O_x ( Pr123 ) single crystal grown by the traveling-solvent floating zone ( TSFZ ) method .	The aim of this Comment is to show the inconsistency of the value of effective magnetic moment \mu_ { eff } reported by Zou et al .	( 2.92\mu_B ) with their magnetic susceptibility data .
+1	The essential properties of Dirac/Weyl fermions , including light effect mass , high mobility and non-trivial Berry phase , can be revealed by quantum oscillations .	The topological quantum materials , including Dirac and Weyl semimetals , represent a new class of quantum materials with symmetry-protected band touching points .	Here we present the first systematic de Haas-van Alphen ( dHvA ) oscillation studies on the recently discovered Dirac line-node semimetal ZrSiS - a new type of topological phase of mater with Dirac crossings along a one dimensional line .	In contrast with the recently-reported weak Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations which attenuate quickly when the field is rotated close to the ab-plane , the dHvA oscillations in ZrSiS were found to be strong under arbitrary field orientations , enabling us to explore not only the intrinsic properties of Dirac fermions but also the dimensionality of Fermi surface consisting of Dirac line node .	Our experiments not only reveals evidence of Dirac fermions from multiple Dirac bands , but also show the Fermi surface enclosing the Dirac nodal line is of three-dimensional character for the first time .
+4	In the weak limit closed analytic expressions for rather complicated configurations are obtained .	We investigate long-range forces between atoms with anisotropic electric polarizability interacting with dielectrics having anisotropic permittivity in the weak-coupling approximation .	Unstable configurations in which the force between the objects is repulsive are constructed .	Such configurations exist for three anisotropic atoms as well as for an anisotropic atom above a dielectric plate with a hole whose permittivity is anisotropic .	Apart from the absolute magnitude of the force , the dependence on the configuration is qualitatively the same as for metallic objects for which the anisotropy is a purely geometric effect .
+4	Wrinkling of embeddings and K.Igusa 's theorem '' ( Topology , 39 ( 2000 ) , 711-732 .	According to Kiyoshi Igusa a generalized Morse function on an n-dimensional manifold M is a smooth function with only Morse and birth-death singularities and a framed function is a generalized Morse function with an additional structure : a framing of the negative eigenspace at each critical point of the function f. In his paper `` The space of framed functions '' ( Trans.of Amer.Math .	Soc. , 301 ( 1987 ) , 431-477 ) Igusa proved that the space of framed generalized Morse functions is ( n-1 ) -connected .	In the paper `` On the Classification of Topological Field Theories '' ( arXiv:0905.0465 ) Jacob Lurie gave an algebraic topological proof that the space of framed functions is contractible .	In this paper we give a geometric proof of Igusa-Lurie 's theorem in the spirit of our paper `` Wrinkling of smooth mappings - II .
+0	The classical Friedmann-Lema\^itre equations are solved using a corrected version of Planck 's radiation law .	The function curves of the scale parameter a ( t ) and the variations with temperature a ( T ) and t ( T ) are given .	It is shown that a reasonable cosmological evolution is only possible in case of flat spatial slices ( k=0 ) .	The initial singularity is avoided .	Horizon and flatness problems do not exist .
+1	The low S/N spectrum of this source obtained in a snap shot Chandra observation showed an unusually flat continuum .	We present XMM observations of the AGN SDSS 1430-0011 .	With the follow up XMM observations we find that the source spectrum is complex ; it either has an ionized absorber or a partially covering absorber .	The underlying power-law is in the normal range observed for AGNs .	The low luminosity of the source during Chandra observations can be understood in terms of variations in the absorber properties .
+4	The $ R $ -symmetry of this superalgebra is found to be equivalent to the $ U ( 1 ) $ holonomy of the spin $ _c $ connection .	We construct a universal spin $ _c $ Dirac operator on $ \mathbb { C } P^n $ built by projecting $ su ( n+1 ) $ left actions and prove its equivalence to the standard right action Dirac operator on $ \mathbb { C } P^n $ .	The eigenvalue problem is solved and the spinor space constructed thereof , showing that the proposed Dirac operator is universal , changing only its domain for different spin $ _c $ structures .	Explicit expressions for the chirality and the eigenspinors are also found and consistency with the index theorem is established .	Also the extended $ \mathcal { N } =2 $ supersymmetry algebra is realised through the Dirac operator and its companion supercharge , and an expression for the superpotential of any spin $ _c $ connection on $ \mathbb { C } P^n $ is found .
+3	We ask whether this presents a case for a weakened form of the usual assumption of non-invasive measurability ( NIM ) appropriate to two-time histories , in which the two sequential measurements are allowed to be invasive as long as the final system state is unaffected by the two earlier measurements and we explore hidden variable explanations of this possibility .	A protocol is proposed for measuring the temporal correlation functions of the bivalent variables used in the Leggett-Garg inequalities which does not involve ideal negative measurements or weak measurements .	It involves an auxiliary system ( ancilla ) coupled to the system with two sequential CNOT gates , and the two-time histories of the system ( whose probabilities yield the correlation function ) are determined in a single-time measurement of the ancilla .	We find that the system state after the second CNOT gate disentangles from the ancilla and moreover , the effect of the interaction on the system is undetectable after the second interaction even though the interaction is invasive at earlier times .	An improved protocol is explored in which the effect on the system remains undetectable but the ancilla initial state is specially chosen in order to minimize disturbance by the CNOT gates , so this protocol satisfies the conventional form of NIM to a controllable approximation , and the correlation function is read off from the small bias around zero disturbance .
+2	Many document clustering algorithms provide localized search in effectively navigating , summarizing , and organizing information .	Text Document Clustering is one of the fastest growing research areas because of availability of huge amount of information in an electronic form .	There are several number of techniques launched for clustering documents in such a way that documents within a cluster have high intra-similarity and low inter-similarity to other clusters .	A global optimal solution can be obtained by applying high-speed and high-quality optimization algorithms .	The optimization technique performs a globalized search in the entire solution space .
+4	We show through free energy profiles that the complex potential energy surface can be reduced to canonical TLSs .	One of the most accepted models that describe the anomalous thermal behavior of amorphous materials at temperatures below 1 K relies on the quantum mechanical tunneling of atoms between two nearly equivalent potential energy wells forming a two-level system ( TLS ) .	Indirect evidence for TLSs is widely available .	However , the atomistic structure of these TLSs remains an unsolved topic in the physics of amorphous materials .	Here , using classical molecular dynamics , we found several hitherto unknown bistable structural motifs that may be key to understanding the anomalous thermal properties of amorphous alumina at low temperatures .
+1	This texture , much discussed previously , is neatly consistent with the observed deficits of solar $ \nu_e $ 's and atmospheric $ \nu_\mu $ 's , but ( without extra mixing with at least one sterile neutrino $ \nu_s $ ) predicts no LSND effect for accelerator $ \nu_\mu $ 's .	The conjecture that among three massive neutrinos $ \nu_1 , \nu_2 , \nu_3 $ there is no direct mixing between $ \nu_1 $ and $ \nu_3 $ leads to a two-mixing texture for three active neutrinos $ \nu_e , \nu_\mu , \nu_\tau $ .	In this option , the masses $ m^2_1\stackrel { & lt ; } { \sim } m^2_2 & lt ; & lt ; m^2_3 $ are readily estimated .	The characteristic feature of the two-mixing neutrino texture that { \it only the close neighbours in the hierarchy of massive neutrinos $ \nu_1 , \nu_2 , \nu_3 $ mix significantly } may be physically meaningful .	Going out from the notion of mixing matrix we construct an intrinsic occupation-number operator whose { \it eigenvalues } 0 , 1 , 2 { \it numerate the three generations of massive neutrinos } .
+2	This solution requires the cooperation and agreement of mobile cellular network operators ( MNOs ) and AP owners ( APOs ) .	The unprecedented growth of mobile data traffic challenges the performance and economic viability of today 's cellular networks , and calls for novel network architectures and communication solutions .	Data offloading through third-party WiFi or femtocell access points ( APs ) can effectively alleviate the cellular network congestion in a low operational and capital expenditure .	In this paper , we model and analyze the interaction among one MNO and multiple APOs ( for the amount of MNO 's offloading data and the respective APOs ' compensations ) by using the Nash bargaining theory .	Specifically , we introduce a one-to-many bargaining game among the MNO and APOs , and analyze the bargaining solution ( game equilibrium ) systematically under two different bargaining protocols : ( i ) sequential bargaining , where the MNO bargains with APOs sequentially , with one APO at a time , in a given order , and ( ii ) concurrent bargaining , where the MNO bargains with all APOs concurrently .
+2	In order to investigate this issue , we introduce new near horizon limits of ( near ) extremal Kerr and five-dimensional Myers-Perry black holes .	The extremal Kerr black hole with the angular momentum J is conjectured to be dual to CFT with central charges c_L=c_R=12J .	However , the central charge in the right sector remains to be explicitly derived so far .	We obtain Virasoro algebras as asymptotic symmetries and calculate the central charges associated with them .	One of them is equivalent to that of the previous studies , and the other is non-zero , but still the order of near extremal parameter .
+2	The review assesses important proposals to circumvent the leakage current problem in poly-Si TFTs and a short evaluation of strengths and weaknesses specific to each method is presented .	This paper critically examines the leakage current reduction techniques for improving the performance of poly-Si TFTs used in active matrix liquid crystal displays .	This is a first comprehensive study in literature on this topic .	Also , a new device structure called the Triple Gate poly-Si TFT ( TG-TFT ) is discussed .	The key idea in the operation of this device is to make the dominant conduction mechanism in the channel to be controlled by the accumulation charge density modulation by the gate ( ACMG ) and not by the gate-induced grain barrier lowering ( GIGBL ) .
+3	Within the large class of admissible solutions we have found a non-degenerate critical points and we pointed out multiple attractor type of trajectory travelling in neighborhood of three critical points at which we have the radiation dominating universe , the barotropic matter dominating state and finally the de Sitter attractor .	We study generic solutions in a non-minimally coupled to gravity scalar field cosmology .	It is shown that dynamics for both canonical and phantoms scalar fields with the potential can be reduced to the dynamical system from which the exact forms for an equation of the state parameter can be derived .	We have found the stationary solutions of the system and discussed their stability .	We have demonstrated the stability of this trajectory which we call the twister solution .
+1	The flux front distortion due to the indentation is calculated numerically by solving the Maxwell equations with a highly nonlinear $ E ( j ) $ law .	The flux penetration near a semicircular indentation at the edge of a thin superconducting strip placed in a transverse magnetic field is investigated .	We find that the excess penetration , $ \Delta $ , can be significantly ( $ \sim $ 50 % ) larger than the indentation radius $ r_0 $ , in contrast to a bulk supercondutor in the critical state where $ \Delta=r_0 $ .	It is also shown that the flux creep tends to smoothen the flux front , i.e.reduce $ \Delta $ .	The results are in very good agreement with magneto-optical studies of flux penetration into an YBa $ _2 $ Cu $ _3 $ O $ _x $ film having an edge defect .
+0	We investigate whether or not the low ionisation fractions in molecular cloud cores can solve the `magnetic braking catastrophe ' , where magnetic fields prevent the formation of circumstellar discs around young stars .	We perform three-dimensional smoothed particle non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics ( MHD ) simulations of the gravitational collapse of one solar mass molecular cloud cores , incorporating the effects of ambipolar diffusion , Ohmic resistivity and the Hall effect alongside a self-consistent calculation of the ionisation chemistry assuming 0.1 micron grains .	When including only ambipolar diffusion or Ohmic resistivity , discs do not form in the presence of strong magnetic fields , similar to the cases using ideal MHD .	With the Hall effect included , disc formation depends on the direction of the magnetic field with respect to the rotation vector of the gas cloud .	When the vectors are aligned , strong magnetic braking occurs and no disc is formed .
+3	Moreover , the Te overlayer can be annealed away in vacuum to produce a clean Bi $ _2 $ Te $ _3 $ surface in its pristine state even after the exposure of the capped film to air .	We have identified epitaxially grown elemental Te as a capping material that is suited to protect the topological surface states of intrinsically insulating Bi $ _2 $ Te $ _3 $ .	By using angle-resolved photoemission , we were able to show that the Te overlayer leaves the dispersive bands of the surface states intact and that it does not alter the chemical potential of the Bi $ _2 $ Te $ _3 $ thin film .	From in-situ four-point contact measurements , we observed that the conductivity of the capped film is still mainly determined by the metallic surface states and that the contribution of the capping layer is minor .	Our findings will facilitate well-defined and reliable ex-situ experiments on the properties of Bi $ _2 $ Te $ _3 $ surface states with nontrivial topology .
+3	On the contrary , in the equal-mass case , Fermi Golden Rule treatment gives false results due to not accounting for multiple coherent scattering events .	We investigate the large-time asymptotical behavior of a mobile impurity immersed in a degenerate Tonks-Girardeau gas .	We derive a correct weak-coupling kinetic equation valid for arbitrary ratio of masses of gas and impurity particles .	When gas particles are either lighter or heavier than the impurity we find that our theory is equivalent to the Boltzmann theory with the collision integral calculated via the Fermi Golden Rule .	The latter are treated by the ressummation of ladder diagrams , which leads to a new kinetic equation .
+4	One can define a family of local algebras on an atlas of globally hyperbolic subspacetimes .	We examine quantum field theory in spacetimes that are time nonorientable but have no other causal pathology .	These are Lorentzian universes-from-nothing , spacetimes with a single spacelike boundary that nevertheless have a smooth Lorentzian metric .	Classically , such spacetimes are locally indistinguishable from their globally hyperbolic covering spaces .	However , the construction of a quantum field theory ( QFT ) is more problematic .
+4	2016 ) , we have been able to additionally characterize the system .	We have utilized the NASA IRTF 3m SpeX instrument 's high resolution spectral mode ( Rayner et al .	2003 ) to observe and characterize the near-infrared flux emanating from the unusual Kepler lightcurve system KIC8462852 .	By comparing the resulting 0.8 to 4.2 um spectrum to a mesh of model photospheric spectra , the 6 emission line analysis of the Rayner et al .	2009 catalogue , and the 25 system collection of debris disks we have observed to date using SpeX under the Near InfraRed Debris disk Survey ( NIRDS ; Lisse et al .
+1	The measured value for the magnetic moment of the $ \Omega^- $ is used to determine the local counterterm for the magnetic moments .	We compute the leading contributions to the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of the baryon decuplet in chiral perturbation theory .	We compare the chiral perturbation theory predictions for the magnetic moments of the decuplet with those of the baryon octet and find reasonable agreement with the predictions of the large -- $ N_c $ limit of QCD .	The leading contribution to the quadrupole moment of the $ \Delta $ and other members of the decuplet comes from one -- loop graphs .	The pionic contribution is shown to be proportional to $ I_z $ ( and so will not contribute to the quadrupole moment of $ I=0 $ nuclei ) , while the contribution from kaons has both isovector and isoscalar components .
+0	A handful of nearby supernovae ( SNe ) with visual extinctions of a few magnitudes have recently been discovered .	However , an undiscovered population of much more highly extinguished ( A ( V ) & gt ; 10 ) core-collapse supernovae ( CCSNe ) is likely to exist in the nuclear ( central kpc ) regions of starburst galaxies .	The high dust extinction means that optical searches for such SNe are unlikely to be successful .	Here , we present preliminary results from our ongoing near-infrared Ks-band search programme for nuclear SNe in nearby starburst galaxies .	We also discuss searches for SNe in Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies .
+4	We finally perform the global fitting to constrain the coupling by using the CMB power spectrum data together with other observational data .	Dark energy interacting with dark matter is a promising model to solve the cosmic coincidence problem .	We study the signature of such interaction on large scale cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) temperature anisotropies .	Based on the detail analysis in perturbation equations of dark energy and dark matter when they are in interaction , we find that the large scale CMB , especially the late Integrated Sachs Wolfe effect , is a useful tool to measure the coupling between dark sectors .	We also discuss the possibility to detect the coupling by cross-correlating CMB maps with tracers of the large scale structure .
+4	The disk inclination ( ~40 degrees ) is nominally larger then typically observed in unobscured AGN , in agreement with most measurements of broadened iron lines in Seyfert 2 galaxies .	We present the first unambiguous evidence of a broad ( Gaussian width ~330 eV ) component of the iron K-alpha fluorescent emission line in the X-ray obscured Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC5506 .	This is the main results of a spectroscopic monitoring campaign on this source performed with the XMM-Newton observatory between February 2001 and January 2009 .	The broad line lacks extreme redwards skewness .	If modelled with a relativistic component , the profile of the line is consistent with a flat emissivity radial dependence ( alpha~1.9 ) .
+0	Mobile WiMAX ( Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access ) is being touted as the most promising and potential broadband wireless technology .	And the popularity rate has been surging to newer heights as the knowledge-backed service era unfolds steadily .	Especially Mobile WiMAX is being projected as a real and strategic boon for developing counties such as India due to its wireless coverage acreage is phenomenally high .	Mobile WiMAX has spurred tremendous interest from operators seeking to deploy high-performance yet cost-effective broadband wireless networks .	The IEEE 802.16e standard based Mobile WiMAX system will be investigated for the purpose of Quality of Service provisioning .
+3	This is its principal advantage over conventional radiography .	Multi-energy radiography is a new direction in non-destructive testing .	Its specific feature is separate detection of penetrating radiation in several energy channels .	Multi-energy radiography allows quantitative determination of the atomic composition of objects .	In particular , dual-energy radiography allows determination of the effective atomic number of a material with an accuracy of up to 80-90 % .
+2	Oxygen and sulfur emissions are simultaneously detected with the chlorine which allows for self-consistent abundance ratios of chlorine to these other atmospheric species .	We report the detection of atomic chlorine emissions in the atmosphere of Io using Hubble Space Telescope observations with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph ( GHRS ) .	The Cl I 1349 A dipole allowed and Cl I ] 1386 A forbidden transition multiplets are detected at a signal to noise ratio ( SNR ) of 6 and 10 , respectively , in a combined GHRS spectrum acquired from 1994 through 1996 .	The disk averaged ratios are : Cl/O = 0.017 +/- 0.008 , Cl/S = 0.10 +/- 0.05 , and S/O = 0.18 +/- 0.08 .	We also derive a geometric albedo of 1.0 +/- 0.4 % for Io at 1335 A assuming an SO2 atmospheric column density of 1x10^ { 16 } cm^ { -2 } .
+0	Bitcoin is the first successful decentralized global digital cash system .	Usefulness of the mining process requiring a lot of computational resources to be wasted , though , remains disputable .	One of possible alternatives for useful Proof-of-Work schemes , Permacoin , is using non-interactive proofs of a static dataset retrievability thus providing a mechanism to store a huge dataset being spread across miners collectively .	In this paper we present a new consensus protocol for Bitcoin-like peer-to-peer systems , where the right to generate a block is given to the party which provides non-interactive proofs of retrievability for the past state snapshots .	This Proof-of-Work scheme has better resistance to specialized hardware than Bitcoin and Permacoin .
+0	We consider the evolution of ultra-short optical pulses in linear and nonlinear media .	For the linear case , we first show that the initial-boundary value problem for Maxwell 's equations in which a pulse is injected into a quiescent medium at the left endpoint can be approximated by a linear wave equation which can then be further reduced to the linear short-pulse equation .	A rigorous proof is given that the solution of the short pulse equation stays close to the solutions of the original wave equation over the time scales expected from the multiple scales derivation of the short pulse equation .	For the nonlinear case we compare the predictions of the traditional nonlinear Schr\ '' odinger equation ( NLSE ) approximation which those of the short pulse equation ( SPE ) .	We show that both equations can be derived from Maxwell 's equations using the renormalization group method , thus bringing out the contrasting scales .
+3	We propose to use this redundancy during LDPC decoding in a Bliss scheme by introducing additional $ d $ -constraint nodes in the factor graph used by the LDPC decoder .	Bliss schemes of a run length limited ( RLL ) codec in combination with an LDPC codec , generate LDPC parity bits over a systematic sequence of RLL channel bits that are inherently redundant as they satisfy e.g.a $ d=1 $ minimum run length constraint .	That is the subsequences consisting of runs of length $ d=1 $ , viz .	$ ... 010 ... $ and $ ... 101 ... $ , can not occur .	The messages sent from these new nodes to the variable or codeword bit nodes exert a `` force '' on the resulting soft-bit vector coming out of the LDPC decoding that give it a tendency to comply with the $ d $ -constraints .
+4	Since the value of energy density parameter $ \Omega_ { v0 } $ for cosmological constant larger than 1 is excluded by gravitational lensing observations the value of the ratio $ p_X/\rho_X $ should lie between the values -1 and -0.6 if the model has to be free of the horizon problem beeing at the same time consistent with observations .	We discuss the horizon problem in a universe dominated by fluid with negative pressure .	We show that for generally accepted value of nonrelativistic matter energy density parameter $ \Omega_ { m0 } & lt ; 1 $ , the horizon problem can be solved only if the fluid influencing negative pressure ( the so-called `` X '' component ) violates the point-wise strong energy condition and if its energy density is sufficiently large $ ( \Omega_ { X 0 } & gt ; 1 ) $ .	The calculated value of the $ \Omega_ { X0 } $ parameter allowing for the solution of the horizon problem is confronted with some recent observational data .	Assuming that $ p_X/\rho_X & lt ; -0.6 $ we find that the required amount of the `` X '' component is not ruled out by the supernova limits .
+4	A table of EGRET 's gamma ray sources is examined ( The Third EGRET Catalog of High Energy Gamma Ray Sources ( EGRET webpage , 1999 ) .	The high energy gamma ray sources provided by experiment EGRET on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory are examined , testing Project GRAND 's ability to detect primary gamma rays by means of studying secondary muons .	There is ~1.5 % chance that a 100 GeV primary cosmic gamma ray will produce a muon at detection level ( Fasso & amp ; Poirier , 1999 ) , a probability which increases with increasing gamma energy .	Project GRAND has 80 square meters of muon detector which identifies secondary muons & gt ; 0.1 GeV and measures their angles to 0.26 deg ( projected angle in the XZ and YZ planes ) .	Data taken during the last two years are analyzed .
+3	Our main theorem is the natural next step in the chain of results initiated by McLean and continued by the author and Joyce .	This is the extended version of the paper `` Special Lagrangian conifolds , I : Moduli spaces '' , which discusses the deformation theory of special Lagrangian ( SL ) conifolds in complex space C^m .	Conifolds are a key ingredient in the compactification problem for moduli spaces of compact SLs in Calabi-Yau manifolds .	The conifold category allows for the simultaneous presence of conical singularities and of non-compact , asymptotically conical , ends .	We survey all these results , providing a unified framework for studying the various cases and emphasizing analogies and differences .
+0	We present the results of deep \chandra\ imaging of the central region of the Extended Groth Strip , the AEGIS-X Deep ( AEGIS-XD ) survey .	When combined with previous \chandra\ observations of a wider area of the strip , AEGIS-X Wide ( AEGIS-XW ; Laird et~al .	2009 ) , these provide data to a nominal exposure depth of 800ks in the three central ACIS-I fields , a region of approximately $ 0.29 $ ~deg $ ^ { 2 } $ .	This is currently the third deepest X-ray survey in existence , a factor $ \sim 2-3 $ shallower than the Chandra Deep Fields ( CDFs ) but over an area $ \sim 3 $ times greater than each CDF .	We present a catalogue of 937 point sources detected in the deep \chandra\ observations .
+4	3.In ALF-D_k case , it must have an O ( 4 ) -multiplet .	In this paper , we study gravitational instantons ( i.e. , complete hyperk\ '' aler 4-manifolds with faster than quadratic curvature decay ) .	We prove three main theorems : 1.Any gravitational instanton must have known end -- -- ALE , ALF , ALG or ALH .	2.In ALG and ALH-non-splitting cases , it must be biholomorphic to a compact complex elliptic surface minus a divisor .	Thus , we confirm a long-standing question of Yau in ALG and ALH cases .
+3	The results apply to other combinatorial games with unbounded Sprague-Grundy function values .	A move in the game of nim consists of taking any positive number of tokens from a single pile .	Suppose we add the class of moves of taking a nonnegative number of tokens jointly from all the piles .	We give a complete answer to the question which moves in the class can be adjoined without changing the winning strategy of nim .	We formulate two weakened conditions of the notion of nim-sum 0 for proving the results .
+1	We cover an area of 3360arcmin2 of sky , to a depth of V=20 mag in a 13 arcsec diameter aperture , and produce magnitudes for ~1400 extended objects in metric apertures from 8.8 to 26arcsec diameters .	We present a new photometric catalogue of the Coma galaxy cluster in the Johnson U- and V- bands .	The mean internal RMS scatter in the photometry is 0.014 mag in V , and 0.026 mag in U , for V13 & lt ; 17 mag .	We place new limits on the levels of scatter in the colour -- magnitude relation ( CMR ) in the Coma cluster , and investigate how the slope and scatter of the CMR depends on galaxy morphology , luminosity and position within the cluster .	As expected , the lowest levels of scatter are found in the elliptical galaxies , while the late type galaxies have the highest numbers of galaxies bluewards of the CMR .
+3	We report on the theoretical investigation of supernova remnant ( SNR ) dynamics with the two-phase SN ejecta .	Observations of core-collapse supernovae ( SNe ) have revealed the presence of extensive mixing of radioactive material in SN ejecta .	The mixing of radioactive material , mostly freshly synthesized Ni , is not complete , which leads to a two-phase SN ejecta structure .	The low-density phase consists of Fe bubbles , created by the energy input from radioactive Co and Ni , surrounded by compressed high-density metal-rich ejecta .	We first present 3-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of a single Fe bubble immersed in an outer ejecta envelope , and compare the results with previous work on shock-cloud interactions .
+1	In this initial paper we consider the axisymmetric oscillation modes of a torus constructed in a Schwarzschild spacetime .	This is the first of a series of papers investigating the oscillation properties of relativistic , non-selfgravitating tori orbiting around a black hole .	To simplify the treatment and make it as analytical as possible , we build our tori with vertically integrated and vertically averaged quantities .	Our investigation progresses by steps .	We first consider a local analysis in Newtonian gravity and determine the properties of acoustic wave propagation within these objects , as well as the relations between acoustic and epicyclic oscillations .
+3	After extensive testing and tuning on a wide variety of modern hardware , we arrive at the conclusion that , for small values of $ n $ , sorted order , combined with a good implementation of binary search is best .	We attempt to determine the best order and search algorithm to store $ n $ comparable data items in an array , $ A $ , of length $ n $ so that we can , for any query value , $ x $ , quickly find the smallest value in $ A $ that is greater than or equal to $ x $ .	In particular , we consider the important case where there are many such queries to the same array , $ A $ , which resides entirely in RAM .	In addition to the obvious sorted order/binary search combination we consider the Eytzinger ( BFS ) layout normally used for heaps , an implicit B-tree layout that generalizes the Eytzinger layout , and the van Emde Boas layout commonly used in the cache-oblivious algorithms literature .	For larger values of $ n $ , we arrive at the surprising conclusion that the Eytzinger layout is usually the fastest .
+0	We investigate a phase-reference VLBI observation that was conducted at 15.4 GHz by fast switching VLBA antennas between the compact steep-spectrum radio source 3C 138 and the quasar PKS 0528+134 which are about 4 $ ^\circ $ away on the sky .	By comparing the phase-reference mapping with the conventional hybrid mapping , we demonstrate the feasibility of high precision astrometric measurements for sources separated by 4 $ ^\circ $ .	VLBI phase-reference mapping preserves the relative phase information , and thus provides an accurate relative position between 3C 138 and PKS 0528+134 of $ \Delta\alpha=-9^m46^s.531000\pm0^s.000003 $ and $ \Delta\delta=3^\circ6^\prime26^ { \prime\prime } .90311\pm0^ { \prime\prime } .00007 $ ( J2000.0 ) in right ascension and declination , respectively .	This gives an improved position of the nucleus ( component A ) of 3C 138 in J2000.0 to be RA= $ 05^h 21^m 9^s.885748 $ and Dec= $ 16^\circ 38 ' 22 '' .05261 $ under the assumption that the position of calibrator PKS 0528+134 is correct .	We further made a hybrid map by performing several iterations of CLEAN and self-calibration on the phase-referenced data with the phase-reference map as an input model for the first phase self-calibration .
+4	In particular , we explain the apparent discrepancy between different methods of finding the spectrum of chiral fields at certain points in the moduli space of the system .	We study the conformal field theory of the D1/D5 system compactified on X ( X is T^4 or K3 ) .	It is described by a sigma model whose target space is the moduli space of instantons on X .	For values of the parameters where the branes can separate , the spectrum of dimensions in the conformal field theory exhibits a continuum above a gap .	This continuum leads to a pathology of the conformal field theory , which explains a variety of problems in various systems .
+3	The intermediate phase is spin gapped and has Kondo-spin correlations that show incommensurate modulations .	The quantum phase transition from a spin-Peierls phase with a small Fermi surface to a paramagnetic Luttinger-liquid phase with a large Fermi surface is studied in the framework of a one-dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg model that consists of an electron gas away from half filling , coupled to a spin-1/2 chain by Kondo interactions .	The Kondo spins are further coupled to each other with isotropic nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interactions which are tuned to the Majumdar-Ghosh point .	Focusing on three-eighths filling and using the density-matrix renormalization-group ( DMRG ) method , we show that the zero-temperature transition between the phases with small and large Fermi momenta appears continuous , and involves a new intermediate phase where the Fermi surface is not well defined .	Our results appear incompatible with the local picture for the quantum phase transition in heavy fermion compounds , which predicts an abrupt change in the size of the Fermi momentum .
+3	As a general result we point out that the relation between the quantum dynamics and classical Monte Carlo simulations for RK-Hamiltonians follows from the known fact that the imaginary-time evolution operator that describes optimal importance sampling , in which the exact ground state is used as guiding function , is Markovian .	There is a class of quantum Hamiltonians known as Rokhsar-Kivelson ( RK ) -Hamiltonians for which static ground state properties can be obtained by evaluating thermal expectation values for classical models .	The ground state of an RK-Hamiltonian is known explicitly , and its dynamical properties can be obtained by performing a classical Monte Carlo simulation .	We discuss the details of a Diffusion Monte Carlo method that is a good tool for studying statics and dynamics of perturbed RK-Hamiltonians without time discretization errors .	Thus quantum dynamics can be studied by a classical Monte Carlo simulation for any Hamiltonian that is free of the sign problem provided its ground state is known explicitly .
+4	The ECLAIRs mission is based on a CNES micro-satellite of the `` Myriade '' family and dedicated ground-based optical telescopes .	Gamma-ray bursts ( GRB ) , at least those with a duration longer than a few seconds are the most energetic events in the Universe and occur at cosmological distances .	The ECLAIRs micro-satellite , to be launched in 2009 , will provide multi-wavelength observations of GRB , to study their astrophysics and to use them as cosmological probes .	Furthermore in 2009 ECLAIRs is expected to be the only space borne instrument capable of providing a GRB trigger in near real-time with sufficient localization accuracy for GRB follow-up observations with the powerful ground based spectroscopic telescopes available by then .	A `` Phase A study '' of the ECLAIRs project has recently been launched by the French Space Agency CNES , aiming at a detailed mission design and selection for flight in 2006 .
+1	The proposed algorithm can be summarized as follows .	This paper discussed some job scheduling algorithms for Hadoop platform , and proposed a jobs scheduling optimization algorithm based on Bayes Classification viewing the shortcoming of those algorithms which are used .	In the scheduling algorithm based on Bayes Classification , the jobs in job queue will be classified into bad job and good job by Bayes Classification , when JobTracker gets task request , it will select a good job from job queue , and select tasks from good job to allocate JobTracker , then the execution result will feedback to the JobTracker .	Therefore the scheduling algorithm based on Bayes Classification influence the job classification via learning the result of feedback with the JobTracker will select the most appropriate job to execute on TaskTracker every time .	We need to consider the feature usage of job resource and the influence of TaskTracker resource on task execution , the former of which we call it job feature , for instance , the average usage rate of CPU and average usage rate of memory , the latter node feature , such as the usage rate of CPU and the size of idle physical memory , the two are called feature variables .
+4	According to a multi-scale approach , the information about the areas where a strong earthquake is likely to occur can be effectively integrated with different observations ( e.g.geodetic and satellite data ) , including regional scale modeling of the stress field variations and of the seismic ground shaking , so as to identify a set of priority areas for detailed investigations of short-term precursors at local scale and for microzonation studies .	The reliable statistical characterization of the spatial and temporal properties of large earthquakes occurrence is one of the most debated issues in seismic hazard assessment , due to the unavoidably limited observations from past events .	We show that pattern recognition techniques , which are designed in a formal and testable way , may provide significant space-time constraints about impending strong earthquakes .	This information , when combined with physically sound methods for ground shaking computation , like the neo-deterministic approach ( NDSHA ) , may produce effectively preventive seismic hazard maps .	Pattern recognition analysis of morphostructural data provide quantitative and systematic criteria for identifying the areas prone to the largest events , taking into account a wide set of possible geophysical and geological data , whilst the formal identification of precursory seismicity patterns ( by means of CN and M8S algorithms ) , duly validated by prospective testing , provides useful constraints about impending strong earthquakes at the intermediate space-time scale .
+2	As an immediate consequence , we obtain an improvement of a well-known result of Kalton-Shapiro and Drewnowski by showing that a quasi-Banach space contains a basic sequence if and only if it contains an infinite countable dimensional subspace whose dual is separating .	We prove that if $ X $ is a quasi-normed space which possesses an infinite countable dimensional subspace with a separating dual , then it admits a strictly weaker Hausdorff vector topology .	Such a topology is constructed explicitly .	We also use this result to highlight a new feature of the minimal quasi-Banach space constructed by Kalton .	Namely , which all of its $ \aleph_0 $ -dimensional subspaces fail to have a separating family of continuous linear functionals .
+3	If so , non-thermal emission comprises ~8 % of the total 4 -- 20 keV flux .	The RXTE satellite observed the Coma cluster for 177 ksec during November and December 2000 , a second observation motivated by the intriguing results from the first 87 ksec observation in 1996 .	Analysis of the new dataset confirms that thermal emission from isothermal gas does not provide a good fit to the spectral distribution of the emission from the inner 1 degree radial region .	While the observed spectrum may be fit by emission from gas with a substantial temperature gradient , it is more likely that the emission includes also a secondary non-thermal component .	Interpreting this emission as due to Compton scattering of relativistic electrons ( which produce the known extended radio emission ) by the cosmic microwave background radiation , we determine that the mean , volume-averaged magnetic field in the central region of Coma is B = 0.1-0.3 microgauss .
+1	For any symmetric space $ M $ over $ G $ we construct a new ( deformed ) multiplication in the space $ A $ of smooth functions on $ M $ .	Let $ G $ be a semisimple Lie group , $ { \frak g } $ its Lie algebra .	This multiplication is invariant under the action of the Drinfeld -- Jimbo quantum group $ U_h { \frak g } $ and is commutative with respect to an involutive operator $ \tilde { S } : A\otimes A \to A\otimes A $ .	Such a multiplication is unique .	Let $ M $ be a k\ '' { a } hlerian symmetric space with the canonical Poisson structure .
+3	It came as a surprise that while peak of dissipation was measured for a wide range of surface roughness there were no indications of the theoretically expected universal jump of the areal superfluid density for the strongly disordered samples .	In recent experiments on thin $ ^4 $ He films absorbed to rough surfaces Luhman and Hallock [ D.R .	Luhman , and R.B.Hallock , Phys.Rev.Lett .	\textbf { 93 } , 086106 ( 2004 ) ] attempted to observe KT features of the superfluid -- normal transition of this strongly disordered 2D bosonic system .	We test the hypothesis that this unusual behavior is a manifestation of finite-size effects by numerical study of the corresponding 2D bosonic model with strong diagonal disorder .
+4	Thus , the neutral components of the extra doublet are stable and can be considered as probable candidate of Cold Dark Matter .	We investigate direct detection rates for Dark Matter candidates arise in a $ SU ( 2 ) _L\times U ( 1 ) _Y $ with an additional doublet Higgs proposed by Barbieri , Hall and Rychkov .	We refer this model as `Heavy Higgs Model ' .	The Standard Model Higgs mass comes out in this model very heavy adopting the few per cent chance that there is no Higgs boson mass below 200 GeV .	The additional Higgs boson develops neither any VEV due to the choice of coefficient of the scalar potential of the model nor it has any coupling with fermions due to the incorporation of a discrete parity symmetry .
+0	We present an XMM-Newton detection of two low radio surface brightness SNRs , G85.4+0.7 and G85.9-0.6 , discovered with the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey ( CGPS ) .	High-resolution XMM-Newton images revealing the morphology of the diffuse emission , as well as discrete point sources , are presented and correlated with radio and Chandra images .	The new data also permit a spectroscopic analysis of the diffuse emission regions , and a spectroscopic and timing analysis of the point sources .	Distances have been determined from HI and CO data to be 3.5 +/- 1.0 kpc for SNR G85.4+0.7 and 4.8 +/- 1.6 kpc for SNR G85.9-0.6 .	The SNR G85.4+0.7 is found to have a temperature of ~12-13 MK and a 0.5-2.5 keV luminosity of ~1-4 x 10^33 D ( 3.5 ) ^2 erg/s ( where D ( 3.5 ) is the distance in units of 3.5 kpc ) , with an electron density n_e of ~0.07-0.16 ( fD ( 3.5 ) ) ^-1/2 cm^-3 ( where f is the volume filling factor ) , and a shock age of ~9-49 ( fD ( 3.5 ) ) ^1/2 kyr .
+1	The point along the fission pathway of a photoexcited p-state bubble , where the adiabatic approximation first breaks down , occurs well before the bubble waist has pinched down forming two cavities .	A recent proposal by Maris [ 1 ] , that single electron bubbles in helium might fission into separate , particle-like entities , does not properly take into account the failure of the adiabatic approximation when , due to tunneling , there is a long electronic time scale .	In the connected two-lobed geometry , the p- and s-states are strongly mixed by an antisymmetric vibrational mode , and the excitation decays by the mechanism where one lobe collapses while the other expands into the spherical s-state geometry .	The extreme pressure jump in a photoexcited bubble leads to shock formation that may halt the elongation even before adiabaticity is compromised .	In this case , the photoexcited bubble decays radiatively from the relaxed p-state geometry . [ 1 ] H.J .
+1	The numerical method uses a finite volume , nonlinear , Total Variation Diminishing ( TVD ) scheme to capture shocks and control spurious oscillations .	We describe a newly developed hydrodynamic code for studying accretion disk processes .	It is second-order accurate in time and space and makes use of a FARGO-type algorithm to alleviate Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy time step restrictions imposed by the rapidly rotating inner disk region .	OpenMP directives are implemented enabling faster computations on shared-memory , multi-processor machines .	The resulting code is simple , fast and memory efficient .
+1	In particular , we explore anomaly-free solutions predicting the gravitino mass in the range of $ 10^ { -3 } eV \lsim m_ { 3/2 } \lsim 1 TeV $ when the $ \mu $ -parameter is fixed to be $ \mu \simeq 1 TeV $ .	We discuss nonanomalous R-symmetry in the supersymmetric grand unified theories .	In the minimal SU ( 5 ) GUT , we have shown that $ \mu \simeq 1 TeV $ is obtained only if the gravitino is ultralight with mass $ m_ { 3/2 } \sim 10^ { -3 } eV $ .	If extra fields $ { \bf 5 } \oplus { \bf 5^* } $ or $ { \bf 10 } \oplus { \bf 10^* } $ are introduced , many solutions predicting $ m_ { 3/2 } \gsim 10^ { -3 } eV $ are found .	The R-parity is violated due to the vacuum expectation value of the superpotential , but it is controlled by the discrete R-symmetry .
+3	Our result illuminates the influence of retardation and imperfect conductivity and the interplay of these effects with geometry .	Rydberg atoms and beams of ultracold polar molecules have become highly useful experimental tools in recent years .	There is therefore a need for accessible calculations of interaction potentials between such particles and nearby surfaces and structures , bearing in mind that the particles are far out of thermal equilibrium with their environment and that their interaction is predominantly non-retarded .	Based on a new perturbative expansion with respect to the inverse speed of light and the inverse conductivity , we derive a simple , closed-form expression for the interaction potential ( i.e. , the particle energy level shifts ) of a particle and a metallic sphere that is is accurate at better than 1 % level for typical experimental set-ups at room temperature and above , and off by no more than a few percent at any temperature including zero .	The method developed for the present study may be applied to other , more complex geometries .
+2	The obtained set of realisations form the causally derived , intrinsically complete `` space of events '' providing the crucial extension of the notion of probability and the method of its first-principle calculation .	The intrinsic multivaluedness of interaction process , revealed in Part I of this series of papers , is interpreted as the origin of the true dynamical ( in particular , quantum ) chaos .	The latter is causally deduced as unceasing series of transitions , dynamically probabilistic by their origin , between the equally real , but incompatible 'realisations ' ( modes of interaction ) of a system .	The fundamental dynamic uncertainty thus revealed is specified for Hamiltonian quantum systems and applied to quantum chaos description in periodically perturbed systems .	The ordinary semiclassical transition in our quantum-mechanical results leads to exact reproduction of the main features of chaotic behaviour of the system known from classical mechanics , which permits one to `` re-establish '' the correspondence principle for chaotic systems ( inevitably lost in any their conventional , single-valued description ) .
+2	The projectors of the permutation group are a product of a Young symmetriser and a Young antisymmetriser .	The group algebra of the permutation group is spanned by a set of elements called projectors .	The coordinates of permutations expanded in projectors are matrix elements of irreducible representations .	They form non-orthogonal bases of right and left modules .	The non-orthogonality is compensated by a constant matrix .
+2	The second is the type $ A $ instance of Schwer 's formula ( rephrased and rederived by Ram ) for Hall-Littlewood polynomials of arbitrary finite type ; Schwer 's formula is in terms of so-called alcove walks , which originate in the work of Gaussent-Littelmann and of the author with Postnikov on discrete counterparts to the Littelmann path model .	In previous work we showed that two apparently unrelated formulas for the Hall-Littlewood polynomials of type A are , in fact , closely related .	The first is the tableau formula obtained by specializing q=0 in the Haglund-Haiman-Loehr formula for Macdonald polynomials .	We showed that the tableau formula follows by `` compressing '' Ram 's version of Schwer 's formula .	In this paper , we derive tableau formulas for the Hall-Littlewood polynomials of type B and C by compressing the corresponding instances of Schwer 's formula .
+1	Our aim is to examine the possibility to observe new phenomena of pair creation induced by travelling dielectric perturbations e.g.created by laser pulses by means of the Kerr effect .	We investigate photon pair-creation in a dispersive dielectric medium induced by the presence of a spacetime varying dielectric constant .	In this perspective , we adopt a semi-phenomenological version of the Hopfield model in which a space-time dependent dielectric susceptibility appears .	We focus our attention on perturbation theory , and provide general formulas for the photon production induced by a local but arbitrarily spacetime dependent refractive index perturbation .	As an example , we further explore the case of an uniformly travelling perturbation , and provide examples of purely time-dependent perturbations .
+0	The symmetry between quarks and leptons suggests that neutrinos should have mass .	As embodied in the grand unified theory SO ( 10 ) this yields masses that can only be detected by neutrino oscillations .	Such oscillations could be very important for supernova physics .	Present observations of solar neutrinos when combined with standard solar model calculations imply particular parameters for neutrino masses and mixings .	If the solar model is somewhat relaxed quite different possibilities emerge , which yield very different predictions for future experiments .
+2	We characterize the processes arising from when sigma is in one of the classes of affine self-similar measures .	We study a family of stationary increment Gaussian processes , indexed by time .	These processes are determined by certain measures sigma ( generalized spectral measures ) , and our focus here is on the case when the measure sigma is a singular measure .	Our analysis makes use of Kondratiev-white noise spaces .	With the use of a priori estimates and the Wick calculus , we extend and sharpen earlier computations of Ito stochastic integration developed for the special case of stationary increment processes having absolutely continuous measures .
+2	Calculations of the effect of varying optical properties of water , as well as the receiver geometry , were performed .	A Monte Carlo model was used to study the scattering error of an absorption meter with a divergent light beam and a limited acceptance angle of the receiver .	Reflections at both ends of the tube were taken into account .	A weighting function showing the scattering error quantitatively as a function of angle was introduced .	Some cases of the practical interests are discussed .
+2	The number of prime numbers within $ \eta_ { n } $ goes averagely linear with n to infinity.2 .	1 .	There is no existing any quadratic interval $ \eta_ { n } : = ( n^ { 2 } , ( n+1 ) ^ { 2 } ] , $ which contains less than 2 prime numbers .	The exact law of the number $ \pi ( n ) $ of prime numbers smaller or equal to n is given .	As an approximation of that we get the prime number theorem of Gauss for great values of n. 3 .
+2	Inherent nonlinearity in Maxwell 's equations is obtained as a direct result due to the nonlinearity of the operator gauge transformations .	In this paper , operator gauge transformation , first introduced by Kobe , is applied to Maxwell 's equations and continuity equation in QED .	The gauge invariance is satisfied after quantization of electromagnetic fields .	The operator gauge invariant Maxwell 's equations and corresponding charge conservation are obtained by defining the generalized derivatives of the first and second kinds .	Conservation laws for the real and virtual charges are obtained too .
+1	The scheme is based upon the insertion of optimized unitary and isometric tensors ( disentanglers and isometries ) into the tensor network and has , as its key feature , the ability to remove short-range entanglement/correlations at each coarse-graining step .	We introduce a coarse-graining transformation for tensor networks that can be applied to study both the partition function of a classical statistical system and the Euclidean path integral of a quantum many-body system .	Removal of short-range entanglement results in scale invariance being explicitly recovered at criticality .	In this way we obtain a proper renormalization group flow ( in the space of tensors ) , one that in particular ( i ) is computationally sustainable , even for critical systems , and ( ii ) has the correct structure of fixed points , both at criticality and away from it .	We demonstrate the proposed approach in the context of the 2D classical Ising model .
+2	The trajectories are driven by a quasistatic modulation of the external magnetic-field intensity .	We studied the efficiency of two different schemes for a magnetically driven quantum heat engine , by considering as the working substance a single nonrelativistic particle trapped in a cylindrical potential well , in the presence of an external magnetic field .	The first scheme is a cycle , composed of two adiabatic and two isoenergetic reversible trajectories in configuration space .	The second scheme is a variant of the former , where the isoenergetic trajectories are replaced by isothermal ones , along which the system is in contact with macroscopic thermostats .	This second scheme constitutes a quantum analog of the classical Carnot cycle .
+4	In this way those maximal mixings are stable against radiative corrections .	We discuss models where the U ( 1 ) symmetries of lepton numbers are responsible for maximal neutrino mixing .	We pay particular attention to an extension of the Standard Model with three right-handed neutrino singlets in which we require that the three lepton numbers L_e , L_\mu , and L_\tau be separately conserved in the Yukawa couplings , but assume that they are softly broken by the Majorana mass matrix M_R of the neutrino singlets .	In this framework , where lepton-number breaking occurs at a scale much higher than the electroweak scale , deviations from family lepton number conservation are calculable , i.e. , finite , and lepton mixing stems exclusively from M_R .	We show that in this framework either maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing or maximal solar neutrino mixing or both can be imposed by invoking symmetries .
+2	The services of Software Quality Analyst ( SQA ) from different vendors were leveraged to facilitate implementation of processes which was referred to as the Quality Management System ( QMS ) .	This Journal details a maturity model for SQA services which has been developed during QMS implementation in the IT division of a large multinational organization .	The scope of the engagement was to establish a standard set of processes based on CMMI\textregistered and ITIL\textregistered Framework across four business verticals scattered in Europe , United States and Asia .	To co-ordinate and support QMS implementation , a Software Quality Assurance Group ( SQAG ) was established at the organizational level .	Considering the large number of applications , the business verticals proposed that process implementation should be owned and managed by practitioners themselves so that the mass deployment of QMS can be achieved at a faster rate with the same SQA capacity .
+2	The formula is found by introducing an affine Riemann surface .	Consider the straightening phi of a Beltrami form that is constant on a square , with the corresponding ellipses having a vertical major axis , and null outside .	A generalized Schwarz-Christoffel formula is used to express the inverse of phi .	This formula is used to draw on a computer the image of the square by phi , and practical aspects are discussed .	The resulting shapes are shown for different values of the constant dilatation ratio of the ellipses ( =major axis/minor axis ) .
+2	These geometries descend via consistent truncation from distributions of D3-branes , M2-branes , or M5-branes in ten or eleven dimensions .	A class of conformally flat and asymptotically anti-de Sitter geometries involving profiles of scalar fields is studied from the point of view of gauged supergravity .	The scalars involved in the solutions parameterise the SL ( N , R ) /SO ( N ) submanifold of the full scalar coset of the gauged supergravity , and are described by a symmetric potential with a universal form .	We exhibit analogous solutions asymptotic to AdS_6 which descend from the D4-D8-brane system .	We obtain the related six-dimensional theory by consistent reduction from massive type IIA supergravity .
+0	We calculate the degree of flux pinning by defects in model high-temperature superconductors ( HTSC 's ) .	The HTSC is modeled as a three-dimensional network of resistively-shunted Josephson junctions in an external magnetic field , corresponding to a HTSC in the extreme Type-II limit .	Disorder is introduced either by randomizing the coupling between grains ( Model A disorder ) or by removing grains ( Model B disorder ) .	Three types of defects are considered : point disorder , random line disorder , and periodic line disorder ; but the emphasis is on random line disorder .	Static and dynamic properties of the models are determined by Monte Carlo simulations and by solution of the analogous coupled overdamped Josephson equations in the presence of thermal noise .
+1	The associated orthogonal polynomials have distinctive properties that are discussed .	Persymmetric Jacobi matrices are invariant under reflection with respect to the anti-diagonal .	They are found in particular to be also orthogonal on the restrictions either to the odd or to the even points of the complete orthogonality lattice .	This is exploited to design very efficient inverse problem algorithms for the reconstruction of persymmetric Jacobi matrices from spectral points .	Isospectral deformations of such matrices are also considered .
+3	Then , we revisit short-time dynamic techniques , which in contrast to usual simulations in equilibrium present negligible finite-size effects and no critical slowing down .	High-energy phenomena presenting strong dynamical correlations , long-range interactions and microscopic memory effects are well described by nonextensive versions of the canonical Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics .	After a brief theoretical review , we introduce a class of generalized heat-bath algorithms that enable Monte Carlo lattice simulations of gauge fields on the nonextensive statistical ensemble of Tsallis .	The algorithmic performance is evaluated as a function of the Tsallis parameter q in equilibrium and nonequilibrium setups .	As an application , we investigate the short-time critical behaviour of the nonextensive hot Yang-Mills theory at q- values obtained from heavy-ion collision experiments .
+3	This shows the inclusion of P ( 1,2 ) in B^4 ( 3 ) is optimal .	In this note , we obtain new obstructions to symplectic embeddings of a product of disks ( a polydisk ) into a 4-dimensional ball .	The polydisk P ( r , s ) is the product of the disk of area r with the disk of area s. The ball of capacity a , denoted B ( a ) , is the ball with \pi r^2 \le a .	We show P ( 1,2 ) embeds in B^4 ( a ) if and only if a is at least 3 .	The necessity of a \ge 3 implies that for this particular embedding problem neither the Ekeland-Hofer nor ECH capacities give a sharp obstruction .
+4	All other excited modes of sloshing oscillations thermalize with the parametrically faster rates .	We develop a hydrodynamic description of the collective modes of interacting liquids in a quasi-one-dimensional confining potential .	By solving Navier-Stokes equations we determine analytically excitation spectrum of sloshing oscillations .	For parabolic confinement , the lowest frequency eigenmode is not renormalized by interactions and is protected from decay by the Kohn theorem , which states that center of mass motion decouples from internal dynamics .	We find that the combined effect of potential anharmonicity and interactions results in the depolarization shift and final lifetime of the Kohn mode .
+3	We will present the predictions for the dominant production and decay channels and describe the thorough analysis of the theoretical uncertainties affecting these predictions that has been conducted .	The Higgs boson , relic of the spontaneous electroweak symmetry breaking , is one of the most important searches at current hadron colliders .	This thesis wishes to present theoretical predictions for the inclusive production and decay of the Higgs boson ( s ) either in the context of the Standard Model ( SM ) or in its minimal supersymmetric extension ( MSSM ) where five Higgs bosons are present .	We will focus on the two major hadron colliders , the Fermilab Tevatron collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) which is running at 7 TeV .	We will give the implications on experimental searches and in particular revisit the inferred limits on SM Higgs boson mass and on the MSSM parameter space .
+1	The first is the Mobius transform of a function $ f^ { - } ( S^- ) \in \mathbb { C } $ , where $ S^-\subset \ { 0,1 , \ldots , n-1\ } $ .	In this paper , we give quantum circuits for calculating two closely related linear transforms that we refer to jointly as Mobius-like transforms .	The second is a marginal of a probability distribution $ P ( y^n ) $ , where $ y^n\in Bool^n $ .	Known classical algorithms for calculating these Mobius-like transforms take $ { \cal O } ( 2^n ) $ steps .	Our quantum algorithm is based on a Grover-like algorithm and it takes $ { \cal O } ( \sqrt { 2^n } ) $ steps .
+3	When space is compact the solutions are nontopological sphalerons , which may be nested inside the topological defects .	In this work we investigate the role of the symmetry of the Lagrangian on the existence of defects in systems of coupled scalar fields .	We focus attention mainly on solutions where defects may nest defects .	When space is non-compact we find topological BPS and non-BPS solutions that present internal structure .	We address the question of classical stability of these topological and nontopological solutions and investigate how the thermal corrections may modify the classical scenario .
+4	Frequency-dependent energy transmission coefficients are computed for symmetric and asymmetric objects .	The wave property of phonons is employed to explore the thermal transport across a finite periodic array of nano-scatterers such as circular and triangular holes .	As thermal phonons are generated in all directions , we study their transmission through a single array for both normal and oblique incidences , using a linear dispersionless time-dependent acoustic frame in a two-dimensional system .	Roughness effects can be directly considered within the computations without relying on approximate analytical formulae .	Analysis by spatio-temporal Fourier transform allows us to observe the diffraction effects and the conversion of polarization .
+1	This event is much smoother than the big rip singularity .	We present a new cosmological event , which we named the little sibling of the big rip .	When the little sibling of the big rip is reached , the Hubble rate and the scale factor blow up but the cosmic derivative of the Hubble rate does not .	This abrupt event takes place at an infinite cosmic time where the scalar curvature explodes .	We show that a doomsday \'a la little sibling of the big rip is compatible with an accelerating universe , indeed at present it would mimic perfectly a LCDM scenario .
+2	In addition , we take into account ( vector meson ) -pomeron , photon-pion as well as photon-pomeron exchange processes for the first time in the literature .	We calculate differential distributions for the $ p p \to p p \gamma $ reaction at the LHC energy $ \sqrt { s } = 14 $ TeV .	We consider diffractive classical bremsstrahlung mechanisms including effects of non point-like nature of protons .	Predictions for the total cross section and several observables related to these processes e.g.differential distributions in pseudorapidities and transverse momenta of photons or protons are shown and discussed .	The integrated diffractive bremsstrahlung cross section ( $ E_ { \gamma } & gt ; 100 $ GeV ) is only of the order of $ \mu $ b .
+2	We derive symmetric N-soliton formulas in the general case .	We present algebraic construction of Darboux matrices for 1+1-dimensional integrable systems of nonlinear partial differential equations with a special stress on the nonisospectral case .	We discuss different approaches to the Darboux-Backlund transformation , based on different lambda-dependencies of the Darboux matrix : polynomial , sum of partial fractions , or the transfer matrix form .	The matrix spectral parameter and dressing actions in loop groups are also discussed .	We describe reductions to twisted loop groups , unitary reductions , the matrix Lax pair for the KdV equation and reductions of chiral models ( harmonic maps ) to SU ( n ) and to Grassmann spaces .
+3	The numerical solutions show no A $ _1 $ phase and that the A $ _2 $ phase is lower in free energy than the A phase .	We investigate the order parameter of Sr $ _2 $ RuO $ _4 $ in an exchange-only magnetic field .	A Ginzburg-Landau symmetry analysis implies three possibilities : a pure $ ^3 $ He A phase , a $ ^3 $ He A $ _1 $ or a $ ^3 $ He A $ _2 $ phase .	We explore the exchange field dependence of the order parameter and energy gap in a one-band model of Sr $ _2 $ RuO $ _4 $ .	We explore heat capacity as a function of temperature and field strength and find quantitatively different behaviors for the A and A $ _2 $ phases .
+1	These are well-known .	We consider the mixed matrix moments for the complex Ginibre ensemble .	We consider the relation to the expected overlap functions of Chalker and Mehlig .	This leads to new asymptotic problems for the overlap .	We obtain some results , but we also state some remaining open problems .
+2	In the framework of the approach , on the one hand , the running coupling is enhanced at zero and , on the other hand , the dynamical gluon mass m_g arises .	Based on a study of the analytic running coupling obtained from the standard perturbation theory results up to four-loop order , the QCD `` synthetic '' running coupling \alpha_ { syn } is built .	In so doing the perturbative time-like discontinuity is preserved and nonperturbative contributions not only remove the nonphysical singularities of the perturbation theory in the infrared region but also decrease rapidly in the ultraviolet region .	Fixing the parameter which characterize the infrared enhancement corresponding to the string tension \sigma and normalization , say , at M_\tau completely define the synthetic running coupling .	In this case the dynamical gluon mass appears to be fixed and the higher loop stabilization property of m_g is observed .
+3	We thus bring out the nature of the { \it total } Sachs-Wolfe effect , acoustic oscillations , diffusion damping , Doppler shifts , and reionization , as well as their particular manifestation in a critical , curvature , or cosmological constant dominated universe .	Working toward a model independent understanding of cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) anisotropies and their significance , we undertake a comprehensive and self-contained study of scalar perturbation theory .	Initial conditions , evolution , thermal history , matter content , background dynamics , and geometry all play a role in determining the anisotropy .	By employing { \it analytic } techniques to illuminate the numerical results , we are able to separate and identify each contribution .	By studying the full angular { \it and } spatial content of the resultant anisotropies , we isolate the signature of these effects from the dependence on initial conditions .
+0	We measure the dust and gas content of the three sub-millimeter galaxies ( SMGs ) in the GN20 proto-cluster at $ z=4.05 $ using new IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer ( PdBI ) CO ( 4-3 ) and 1.2-3.3 mm continuum observations .	All these three SMGs are heavily dust obscured , with UV-based star formation rate ( SFR ) estimates significantly smaller than the ones derived from the bolometric infrared ( IR ) , consistent with the spatial offsets revealed by HST and CO imaging .	Based also on evaluations of the specific SFR , CO-to-H $ _2 $ conversion factor and gas depletion timescale , we classify all the three galaxies as starbursts ( SBs ) , although with a lower confidence for GN20.2b that might be a later stage merging event .	We place our measurements in the context of the evolutionary properties of main sequence ( MS ) and SB galaxies .	ULIRGs have 3-5 times larger $ L'_ { \rm CO } /M_ { \rm dust } $ and $ M_ { \rm dust } /M_\star $ ratios than $ z=0 $ MS galaxies , but by $ z\sim2 $ the difference appears to be blurred , probably due to differential metallicity evolution .
+3	The correspondence between the trajectory end and the parameter $ x/k^ { 1/2 } $ is found .	The problem of finding the large order asymptotics for the eigenfunction perturbation theory in quantum mechanics is studied .	The relation between the wave function argument x and the number of perturbation theory order k that allows us to construct the asymptotics by saddle-point technique is found : $ x/k^ { 1/2 } =const $ , k is large .	Classical euclidean solutions starting from the classical vacuum play an important role in constructing such asymptotics .	The obtained results can be applied to the calculation of the main values of the observables depending on k in the k-th order of perturbation theory at larges k and , probably , to the multiparticle production problem .
+3	The existence of long-living higher-order correlations and flicker noise in the Kac 's ring model is demonstrated .	The 1/f-noise is considered which has no relation to long-lasting processes but originates from the same dynamical mechanisms as what are responsible for the loss of memory , fast relaxation and usual shot noise .	The universal long-range statistics of memoryless random flows of events and of related Brownian motion is analysed whose peculiarity is close connection between spectral properties and non-Gaussian probabilistic properties both determined by only short-range characteristic time scales .	The exact relations between equilibrium and non-equilibrium 1/f-noise in thermodynamical systems are presented .	It is shown that conventional Boltzmannian gas kinetics losses 1/f-noise because incorrectly takes into account the conservation of particles and probabilities in collision events .
+3	This approach gave : white dwarf mass M_1 = ( 0.8 +- 0.2 ) M_sun , secondary mass M_2= ( 0.497 +- 0.05 ) M_sun , orbital radius a=1.418 R_sun , orbital inclination i = ( 81.58 +- 0.5 ) deg , accretion disk radius r_d/a = 0.366 +- 0.002 , and accretion rate dot { M } = ( 2.5 +- 2 ) * 10^ { 18 } [ g/s ] , ( 3*10^ { -8 } [ M_sun/yr ] ) .	We present observations and analysis of a new eclipsing binary HBHA 4705-03 .	Using decomposition of the light curve into accretion disk and hot spot components , we estimated photometrically the mass ratio of the studied system to be q=0.62 +-0.07 .	Other fundamental parameters was found with modeling .	Power spectrum analysis revealed ambiguous low-period Quasi Periodic Oscillations centered at the frequencies f_ { 1 } =0.00076 Hz , f_2=0.00048 Hz and f_3=0.00036 Hz .
+2	The next order seasonal effects are due to the seasonality of the background SST and ocean upwelling velocity , and the corresponding mechanisms are analyzed .	The mechanisms of interaction between the seasonal cycle and ENSO are investigated using the Zebiak and Cane ENSO prediction model .	The most dominant seasonal effect is found to be due to the wind divergence field , as determined by the seasonal motion of the ITCZ , through its effect on the atmospheric heating .	It is suggested that the seasonal forcing has a first order effect on ENSO 's dynamics .	Important aspects of the seasonal forcing may be included in idealized delayed oscillator ENSO models by making the model background seasonally shift from stable to unstable states .
+4	On the other hand , the conditions of optical lattice BEC experiments are such that either the coherence length is longer than the interwell separation , or there is too small a number of bosons per well .	We review the nature of superfluid ground states and the universality of their properties with emphasis to Bose Einstein Condensate systems in atomic physics .	We then study the superfluid Mott transition in such systems .	We find that there could be two types of Mott transitions and phases .	One of them was described long ago and corresponds to suppression of Josephson tunneling within superfluids sitting at each well .
+2	For this purpose an abstract quenched large deviations principle of the Gaertner-Ellis type is obtained .	We prove upper and lower bounds on the free energy in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with multidimensional ( e.g. , Heisenberg ) spins in terms of the variational inequalities based on the corresponding Parisi functional .	We employ the comparison scheme of Aizenman , Sims and Starr and the one of Guerra involving the generalised random energy model-inspired processes and Ruelle 's probability cascades .	Using the properties of Ruelle 's probability cascades and the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent , we derive Talagrand 's representation of the Guerra remainder term for our model .	We study the properties of the multidimensional Parisi functional by establishing a link with a certain class of the non-linear partial differential equations .
+3	Dephasing stems from noise causing relative fluctuations between orbital levels , and is driven by screened whole charge defects and unscreened dipole defects in the substrate .	Spin-orbit coupling is ubiquitous in quantum dot quantum computing architectures , and makes spin qubits susceptible to charge noise .	We derive a Hamiltonian describing the effect of spin-orbit and noise on a single-spin qubit in a quantum dot .	Relaxation is due to noise coupling different orbital levels and is dominated by screened whole charge defects near the dot .	Dephasing times are vastly different between common materials such as Si and GaAs .
+3	We found that as dust number density $ \eta $ increases , the charge distribution experience four phases .	We study the role of dust-dust collisional charging in protoplanetary discs .	We show that dust-dust collisional charging becomes an important process in determining the charge state of dust and gas , if there is dust enhancement and/or dust is fluffy , so that dust surface area per disc volume is locally increased .	We solve the charge equilibrium equations for various disc environments and dust number density $ \eta $ , using general purpose graphic processors ( GPGPU ) and { \sc cuda } programming language .	In one of these phases the electrostatic field $ E $ caused by dust motion increases as $ E \propto \eta^4 $ .
+1	In order to be able to plan further X-ray observations of other HH objects , it is now of interest to be able to estimate their X-ray luminosities in order to choose which objects to observe .	The recent detection of X-ray emission from HH 2 and HH 154 with the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites ( respectively ) have opened up an interesting , new observational possibility in the field of Herbig-Haro objects .	This paper describes a simple , analytic model for predicting the X-ray luminosity of a bow shock from the parameters of the flow ( i.e. , the size of the bow shock , its velocity , and the pre-shock density ) .	The accuracy of the analytic model is analyzed through a comparison with the predictions obtained from axisymmetric , gasdynamic simulations of the leading working surface of an HH jet .	We find that our analytic model reproduces the observed X-ray luminosities of HH 2 and HH 154 , and we propose that HH~80/81 is a good candidate for future observations with Chandra .
+0	The paper addresses modular hierarchical design ( composition ) of a management system for smart homes .	The management system consists of security subsystem ( access control , alarm control ) , comfort subsystem ( temperature , etc .	) , intelligence subsystem ( multimedia , houseware ) .	The design solving process is based on Hierarchical Morphological Multicriteria Design ( HMMD ) approach : ( 1 ) design of a tree-like system model , ( 2 ) generation of design alternatives for leaf nodes of the system model , ( 3 ) Bottom-Up process : ( i ) multicriteria selection of design alternatives for system parts/components and ( ii ) composing the selected alternatives into a resultant combination ( while taking into account ordinal quality of the alternatives above and their compatibility ) .	A realistic numerical example illustrates the design process of a management system for smart homes .
+1	It features key-based range partitioning , 3-way replication , and a transactional get-put API with the option to choose either strong or timeline consistency on reads .	Spinnaker is an experimental datastore that is designed to run on a large cluster of commodity servers in a single datacenter .	This paper describes Spinnaker 's Paxos-based replication protocol .	The use of Paxos ensures that a data partition in Spinnaker will be available for reads and writes as long a majority of its replicas are alive .	Unlike traditional master-slave replication , this is true regardless of the failure sequence that occurs .
+2	The cluster system of NGC 1399 is found to extend further than 100 kpc away from the galaxy .	We present a photometric investigation of the globular cluster population of NGC 1399 , the central galaxy in the Fornax cluster , in Washington C and Kron R filters within a field of 36'x36 ' .	This is the largest area around this galaxy ever studied with CCD photometry .	The color distribution exhibits a pronounced bimodality .	Within a radial distance of about 55 kpc , the red clusters are more strongly concentrated to the center than the blueclusters .
+3	This does n't match .	M.W.Evans tried to relate the electromagnetic field strength to the torsion of a Riemann-Cartan spacetime .	We show that this ansatz is untenable for at least two reasons : ( i ) Geometry : Torsion is related to the ( external ) translation group and can not be linked to an internal group , like the U ( 1 ) group of electrodynamics .	( ii ) Electrodynamics : The electromagnetic field strength as a 2-form carries 6 independent components , whereas Evans ' electromagnetic construct F^\a is a vector-valued 2-form with 24 independent components .	One of these reasons is already enough to disprove the ansatz of Evans .
+4	Starting from the hypothesis that such a particle is discovered at the LHC , we build several effective field theories depending on both the representation under SU ( 2 ) _L to which they belong the particle and their spin and perform a Monte Carlo analysis highlighting some key observables that would help to determine their quantum numbers .	In this Ph.D thesis three main projects are presented .	In the first one the phenomenology associated with the neutralinos and charginos sector of the left-right symmetric supersymmetric model is explored .	After a detailed motivation of the study and construction of such models , it is shown that these models can be easily discovered in multi-leptonic final states as they lead to signatures very different from those induced by the Standard Model or its supersymmetric version .	In the second project , we concentrate on the phenomenology associated with doubly-charged particles .
+3	The first , purely absorbing , of diameter 10-50 nm , essentially creates color by a substractive process .	In order to explain the origin of the deep red color of copper glazes on ceramics , a ceramist has elaborated , by firing under reducing atmosphere , a significant number of tiles .	The analysis of the structure and composition of a representative sample by TEM and EELS , followed by an optical characterization and an optical modeling using the radiative transfer approach ( four-flux model ) have enabled a comprehensive explanation of the origin of the color in these glazes .	The presence of two families of copper nanoparticles in the vitreous matrix .	The second , due to its larger diameter , 100 nm or more , mainly acts on color by scattering of the visible light .
+0	One of the most remarkable properties of extrasolar planets is their high orbital eccentricities .	Observations have shown that at least 20 % of these planets , including some with particularly high eccentricities , are orbiting a component of a wide binary star system .	The presence of a distant binary companion can cause significant secular perturbations to the orbit of a planet .	In particular , at high relative inclinations , a planet can undergo a large-amplitude eccentricity oscillation .	This so-called `` Kozai mechanism '' is effective at a very long range , and its amplitude is purely dependent on the relative orbital inclination .
+0	We propose a gamma-ray burst scenario involving relativistic jets dominated by Poynting flux with alternating toroidal magnetic fields .	Such a structure may arise naturally if the jet is formed and powered by the accretion flow in the core of a collapsar .	We conjecture that the polarity of the toroidal magnetic field changes randomly due to hydromagnetic turbulence driven by the magneto-rotational instability ( MRI ) , with the typical reversal time determined by the time scale for amplifying magnetic fields up to a dynamically important level .	Poynting flux-dominated jets with reversing B-fields provide a natural and efficient way to dissipate energy via the reconnection process .	Gamma-rays are produced at the spatially separated reconnection sites .
+4	We also show that similar cylindrical core-shell nanostructures derived from flat multilayers also exhibit very good absorptive and reflective properties despite the different geometry .	We derive periodic multilayer absorbers with effective uniaxial properties similar to perfectly matched layers ( PML ) .	This approximate representation of PML is based on the effective medium theory and we call it an effective medium PML ( EM-PML ) .	We compare the spatial reflection spectrum of the layered absorbers to that of a PML material and demonstrate that after neglecting gain and magnetic properties , the absorber remains functional .	This opens a route to create electromagnetic absorbers for real and not only numerical applications and as an example we introduce a layered absorber for the wavelength of $ 8 $ ~ $ \mu $ m made of SiO $ _2 $ and NaCl .
+3	Finally we present a simple field theory in 1+1 dimensions which reproduces level statistics of both of these random matrix models and the classical Wigner-Dyson spectral statistics in the framework of the unified formalism of Luttinger liquid .	We consider two random matrix ensembles which are relevant for describing critical spectral statistics in systems with multifractal eigenfunction statistics .	One of them is the Gaussian non-invariant ensemble which eigenfunction statistics is multifractal , while the other is the invariant random matrix ensemble with a shallow , log-square confinement potential .	We demonstrate a close correspondence between the spectral as well as eigenfuncton statistics of these random matrix ensembles and those of the random tight-binding Hamiltonian in the point of the Anderson localization transition in three dimensions .	We show that the ( equal-time ) density correlations in both random matrix models correspond to the finite-temperature density correlations of the Luttinger liquid .
+1	When there are two horizons , however , Corley and Jacobson have shown that superluminal dispersion leads to an amplification of the particle production in the case of bosons .	The production of Hawking radiation by a single horizon is not dependent on the high-frequency dispersion relation of the radiated field .	The analytic theory of this `` black hole laser '' process is quite complicated , so we provide some numerical results in the hope of aiding understanding of this interesting phenomenon .	Specifically , we consider sonic horizons in a moving fluid .	The theory of elementary excitations in a Bose-Einstein condensate provides an example of `` superluminal '' ( Bogoliubov ) dispersion , so we add Bogoliubov dispersion to Unruh 's equation for sound in the fluid .
+1	The explicit realization of this mechanism depends on the neutrino mass model considered .	Numerous recent evidences for neutrino masses have established the leptogenesis mechanism as a very natural possible explanation for the baryon asymmetry of the Universe .	If the right-handed type-I seesaw model of neutrino masses is certainly the most straightforward , it is not the only natural one , especially in the framework of explicit GUT realizations of the seesaw .	In this review we discuss in detail the various seesaw scenarios that can implement the leptogenesis mechanism successfully , beyond the paradigm of the pure standard type-I seesaw model .	This includes scenarios based on the existence of scalar triplets ( type-II ) , of fermion triplets ( type-III ) as well as mixed seesaw frameworks .
+4	Since plants with multiple non-minimum phase zeros and oscillatory poles are very common in the problems related to robotics , the proposed method is applied to these systems to confirm its effectiveness .	As a well understood classical fact , non- minimum phase zeros of the process located in a feedback connection can not be cancelled by the corresponding poles of controller since such a cancellation leads to internal instability .	This impossibility of cancellation is the source of many limitations in dealing with the feedback control of non-minimum phase processes .	The aim of this paper is to study the possibility and usefulness of partial ( fractional-order ) cancellation of such zeros for undershoot-less control of non-minimum phase processes .	In this method first the non-minimum phase zero of the process is cancelled to an arbitrary degree by the proposed pre-compensator and then a classical controller is designed to control the series connection of these two systems .
+4	Indirect searches have the opportunity to observe where it is located in the universe through the observation of secondary photons , neutrinos or antiparticles such as positrons and antiprotons .	Understanding cosmic acceleration mechanisms , such as jet formation in black holes , star collapses or binary mergers , and the propagation of accelerated particles in the universe is still a `work in progress ' and requires a multi-messenger approach , exploiting the complementarities across all possible probes : ultra-high energy cosmic rays ( UHECR ) , gamma-rays and neutrinos .	In this report I will summarize some of the IceCube results concerning searches for astrophysical neutrino point sources and diffuse fluxes from populations of sources widely distributed in the sky or from the interactions of protons on the cosmic microwave background producing the GZK cut-off in the cosmic ray spectrum .	I will compare the results to other neutrino telescopes and to astrophysical models of neutrino production in sources .	Another unresolved question concerns the nature of dark matter .
+3	However , we impose an epistemic restriction by not granting Opponent omniscience , so that Proponent can have undisclosed secret moves .	Game semantics is a trace-like denotational semantics for programming languages where the notion of legal observable behaviour of a term is defined combinatorially , by means of rules of a game between the term ( the `` Proponent '' ) and its context ( the `` Opponent '' ) .	In general , the richer the computational features a language has , the less constrained the rules of the semantic game .	In this paper we consider the consequences of taking this relaxation of rules to the limit , by granting the Opponent omnipotence , that is , permission to play any move without combinatorial restrictions .	We introduce a basic C-like programming language and we define such a semantic model for it .
+3	For the Gaussian signaling case and the low SNR regime , the dependence of the mutual information on the right singular vectors vanishes , making the optimal precoder design problem easy to solve .	The design of the precoder the maximizes the mutual information in linear vector Gaussian channels with an arbitrary input distribution is studied .	Precisely , the precoder optimal left singular vectors and singular values are derived .	The characterization of the right singular vectors is left , in general , as an open problem whose computational complexity is then studied in three cases : Gaussian signaling , low SNR , and high SNR .	In the high SNR regime , however , the dependence on the right singular vectors can not be avoided and we show the difficulty of computing the optimal precoder through an NP-hardness analysis .
+3	The ( negative ) conductance correction peaks at the resonance , and decays exponentially as the Fermi energy is tuned away ; the resonance width being given by the temperature .	We study the effect of electron-electron interaction on the transport properties of short clean quantum wires adiabatically connected to reservoirs .	Interactions lead to resonances in a multi-channel wire at particular values of the Fermi energy .	We investigate in detail the resonance in a two-channel wire .	Likewise , the thermopower shows a characteristic structure , which is surprisingly well approximated by the so-called Mott formula .
+3	The masses of the two stars are determined to be 1.897 Msun and 1.721 Msun , with 0.7 % and 1.5 % errors respectively , and the two stars are found to have the same temperature of 8280 +/- 200 K. The accurately determined properties of LamVir allow comparisons between observations and current stellar evolution models , and reasonable matches are found .	Lambda Virginis ( LamVir ) is a well-known double-lined spectroscopic Am binary with the interesting property that both stars are very similar in abundance but one is sharp-lined and the other is broad-lined .	We present combined interferometric and spectroscopic studies of LamVir .	The small scale of the LamVir orbit ( ~20 mas ) is well resolved by the Infrared Optical Telescope Array ( IOTA ) , allowing us to determine its elements as well as the physical properties of the components to high accuracy .	The best-fit stellar model gives LamVir a subsolar metallicity of Z=0.0097 , and an age of 935 Myr .
+2	The relative proximity of the Magellanic Clouds allows detailed spectroscopic analysis of the PNs therein , while the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) is necessary to obtain their spatially-resolved images .	Planetary Nebulae ( PNs ) in the Magellanic Clouds offer the unique opportunity to study both the population and evolution of low- and intermediate-mass stars , in an environment that is free of the distance scale bias and the differential reddening that hinder the observations of the Galactic sample .	The study of LMC and SMC PNs also offers the direct comparison of stellar populations with different metallicity .	In this paper we discuss the history and evolution of this relatively recent branch of stellar astrophysics by reviewing the pioneering studies , and the most recent ground- and space-based achievements .	In particular , we present the results from our recent HST surveys , including the metallicity dependence of PN identification ( and , ultimately , the metallicity dependence of PN counts in galaxies ) ; the morphological analysis of Magellanic PNs , and the correlations between morphology and other nebular properties ; the relations between morphology and progenitor mass and age ; and the direct analysis of Magellanic central stars and their importance to stellar evolution .
+1	Both $ ( V-A ) $ and $ ( V+A ) $ charged currents with finite neutrino mass have been used to study this decay .	In a previous paper , new sets of parameters to replace the Michel parameters were proposed to analyze data for the muon decay $ \mu^ { + } \to e^ { + } \nu_ { e } \bar { \nu_ { \mu } } $ .	In the present paper , this parameterization is extended to a more general form , and a method for data analysis ( least squares ) is discussed for the propose of determining the rate of contribution from the $ ( V+A ) $ current .	We find that there is a simple form in which the set of parameters is related primitively to the physical quantities .	It is shown that the Michel parameters are one of the other sets that are obtained from this simple form by rearranging one term .
+2	80 , 2261 ( 1998 ) ] .	We investigate optimal separable approximations ( decompositions ) of states rho of bipartite quantum systems A and B of arbitrary dimensions MxN following the lines of Ref .	[ M. Lewenstein and A. Sanpera , Phys.Rev.Lett .	Such approximations allow to represent in an optimal way any density operator as a sum of a separable state and an entangled state of a certain form .	For two qubit systems ( M=N=2 ) the best separable approximation has a form of a mixture of a separable state and a projector onto a pure entangled state .
+0	The Schroedinger operators on the Newtonian space-time are defined in a way which make them independent on the class of inertial observers .	In this picture the Schroedinger operators act not on functions on the space-time but on sections of certain one-dimensional complex vector bundle -- the Schroedinger line bundle .	This line bundle has trivializations indexed by inertial observers and is associated with an U ( 1 ) -principal bundle with an analogous list of trivializations -- the Schroedinger principal bundle .	For the Schroedinger principal bundle a natural differential calculus for `wave forms ' is developed that leads to a natural generalization of the concept of Laplace-Beltrami operator associated with a pseudo-Riemannian metric .	The free Schroedinger operator turns out to be the Laplace-Beltrami operator associated with a naturally distinguished invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric on the Schroedinger principal bundle .
+1	With quantum theory kept and Lorentz structure replaced by Euclidean Jordan algebra -- - a more fundamental structure , one naturally arrives at the notion of abstract fundamental matter particles .	Quantum theory and Lorentz structure are the twin pillars of fundamental physics today .	These abstract particles fall into distinct abstract universes according to their symmetry groups .	If it is assumed that the charged particle count for such an abstract universe is 32 , then this abstract universe must be conformally-symmetric and 11-dimensional Lorentzian when it is extremely hot ; furthermore , it matches our real world universe in quite a few aspects , from the charged particle content to the existence of dark matter .	Based on this match , a few predictions can be made : 1 ) the electric-weak force symmetry must be broken if the macroscopic spatial dimension is 2 or higher , 2 ) there are infinitely many generations of quarks and leptons , and 3 ) there exists a 5th fundamental force .
+2	The orbital epochs for both orbit solutions agreed with each other and yielded an orbital period derivative $ \dot { P } / P = ( 0.4 \pm 1.8 ) \times 10^ { -6 } $ yr $ ^ { -1 } $ .	The high mass X-ray binary pulsar 4U 1538-52 was observed between July 31 and August 7 , 2003 .	Using these observations , we determined new orbital epochs for both circular and elliptical orbit models .	This value is consistent with the earlier measurement of $ \dot { P } / P = ( 2.9 \pm 2.1 ) \times 10^ { -6 } $ yr $ ^ { -1 } $ at the $ 1 \sigma $ level and gives only an upper limit to the orbital period decay .	Our determination of the pulse frequency showed that the source spun up at an average rate of $ 2.76 \times 10^ { -14 } $ Hz sec $ ^ { -1 } $ between 1991 and 2003 .
+1	As a result , the hierarchy by the system-size in the spectra shape is observed .	The dependence of the spectra shape of produced charged hadrons on the size of a colliding system is discussed using a two component model .	Next , the hydrodynamic extension of the two component model for hadroproduction using recent theoretical calculations is suggested to describe the spectra of charged particles produced in heavy-ion collisions in the full range of transverse momenta , $ p_T $ .	Data from heavy-ion collisions measured at RHIC and LHC are analyzed using the introduced approach and are combined in terms of energy density .	The observed regularities might be explained by the formation of QGP during the collision .
+0	We assume that the galactical dark matter halo , considered composed of an axionlike particles Bose-Einstein condensate \cite { pir12 } , can present topological defects , namely domain walls , arising as the dark soliton solution for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a self-graviting potential .	We investigate the influence that such substructures would have in the gravitational interactions within a galaxy .	We find that , for the simple domain wall model proposed , the effects are too small to be identified , either by means of a local measurement of the gradient of the gravitational field or by analysing galaxy rotation curves .	In the first case , the gradient of the gravitational field in the vicinity of the domain wall would be $ 10^ { -31 } \ ; ( m/s^2 ) /m $ .	In the second case , the ratio of the tangential velocity correction of a star due to the presence of the domain wall to the velocity in the spherical symmetric case would be $ 10^ { -8 } $ .
+1	By studying the solutions to the corresponding Bethe -- Salpeter equation in the background of the soliton we exclude the existence of real large amplitude fluctuations .	We investigate the monopole excitations of the soliton in the Nambu -- Jona -- Lasinio model .	This allows us to treat the collective coordinate for the monopole excitations , which parametrizes the extension of the soliton , in the harmonic approximation .	The canonical quantization of this coordinate yields a spectrum which agrees reasonably well with the empirical data for the Roper resonance , N ( 1440 ) , and the corresponding one for the Delta , $ \Delta $ ( 1600 ) .	We also comment on going beyond the harmonic approximation .
+1	The wireless nature of the medium is captured by the broadcast nature of transmissions as well as the superposition of all transmit signals plus independent Gaussian noise at the received signal at any radio .	We study a wireless broadcast network , where a single source reliably communicates independent messages to multiple destinations , with the aid of relays and cooperation between destinations .	We propose a scheme that can achieve rate tuples within a constant gap away from the cut-set bound , where the constant is independent of channel coefficients and power constraints .	The proposed scheme operates in two steps .	The inner code , in which the relays perform a quantize-and-encode operation , is constructed by lifting a scheme designed for a corresponding discrete superposition network .
+0	We present the analysis of the first set of low-redshift Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) by the Carnegie Supernova Project .	Well-sampled , high-precision optical ( ugriBV ) and near-infrared ( NIR ; YJHKs ) light curves obtained in a well-understood photometric system are used to provide light-curve parameters , and ugriBVYJH template light curves .	The intrinsic colors at maximum light are calibrated to compute optical -- NIR color excesses for the full sample , thus allowing the properties of the reddening law in the host galaxies to be studied .	A low value of Rv~1.7 , is derived when using the entire sample of SNe .	However , when the two highly reddened SNe in the sample are excluded , a value Galactic standard of Rv~3.2 is obtained .
+1	{ \bf 112 } , 086601 ( 2014 ) ] .	We present a theoretical study on the high-field charge transport on the surface of Bi $ _2 $ Se $ _3 $ and reproduce all the main features of the recent experimental results , i.e. , the incomplete current saturation and the finite residual conductance in the high applied field regime [ Costache { \it et al . } , Phys.Rev.Lett .	Due to the hot-electron effect , the conductance decreases and the current shows the tendency of the saturation with the increase of the applied electric field .	Moreover , the electric field can excite carriers within the surface bands through interband precession and leads to a higher conductance .	As a joint effect of the hot-electron transport and the carrier excitation , the conductance approaches a finite residual value in the high-field regime and the current saturation becomes incomplete .
+4	The results could hardly be more different than those found for clusters younger than 25 Myr in M33 .	We analyze the relationship between maximum cluster mass , and surface densities of total gas ( Sigma_gas ) , molecular gas ( Sigma_H_2 ) , neutral gas ( Sigma_HI ) and star formation rate ( Sigma_SFR ) in the grand design galaxy M51 , using published gas data and a catalog of masses , ages , and reddenings of more than 1800 star clusters in its disk , of which 223 are above the cluster mass distribution function completeness limit .	We find for clusters older than 25 Myr that M_3rd , the median of the 5 most massive clusters , is proportional to Sigma_HI^0.4 .	There is no correlation with Sigma_gas , Sigma_H2 , or Sigma_SFR .	For clusters younger than 10 Myr , M_3rd is proportional to Sigma_HI^0.6 , M_3rd is proportional to Sigma_gas^0.5 ; there is no correlation with either Sigma_H_2 or Sigma_SFR .
+1	During the last decade a consensus formed that long GRBs ( LGRBs ) arise from the collapse of massive stars and that short GRBs ( SGRBs ) have a different origin , most likely neutron star mergers .	The origin of Gamma-Ray Bursts is one of the most interesting puzzles in recent astronomy .	A key ingredient of the Collapsar model that explains how the collapse of massive stars produces a GRB is the emergence of a relativistic jet that penetrates the stellar envelope .	The condition that the emerging jet penetrates the envelope poses strong constraints on the system .	Using these constraints we show that : ( i ) Low luminosity GRBs ( llGRBs ) , a sub population of GRBs with a very low luminosities ( and other peculiar properties : single peaked , smooth and soft ) can not be formed by Collapsars .
+4	Basically , the project is based on terms of the department `` Strategy Technology & amp ; Innovation '' , where it has been done .	This study shows the means to evaluate the wind farm impact on the radar .	It proposes the set of tools , which can be used to realise this objective .	The big part of report covers the study of complex pattern propagation factor as the critical issue of the Advanced Propagation Model ( APM ) .	Finally , the reader can find here the implementation of this algorithm - the real scenario in Inverness airport ( the United Kingdom ) , where the ATC radar STAR 2000 , developed by Thales Air Systems , operates in the presence of several wind farms .
+1	The main purpose pursued with this non-linear extension of the classical Maxwell 's equations is to have a reliable field-theoretical approach in describing ( 3+1 ) soliton-like electromagnetic formations , in particular , to build an extended and finite field model of free photons and photon complexes .	This paper summarizes the motivations and results obtained so far in the frame of a particular non-linearization of Classical Electrodynamics , which was called Extended Electrodynamics .	The first chapter gives a corresponding analysis of Maxwell theory and introduces the new equations .	The second chapter gives a full account of the results , including the photon-like solutions , in the vacuum case .	A new concept , called scale factor , is defined and successfully used .
+3	As a by product of our analysis we show that phenomenologically admissible potentials for the description of inflation and in particular alpha-attractors are mostly obtained from the gauging of a parabolic isometry , this being , in particular the case of the Starobinsky model .	In this paper we address the question how to discriminate whether the gauged isometry group G_Sigma of the Kahler manifold Sigma that produces a D-type inflaton potential in a Minimal Supergravity Model is elliptic , hyperbolic or parabolic .	We show that the classification of isometries of symmetric cosets can be extended to non symmetric Sigma.s if these manifolds satisfy additional mathematical restrictions .	The classification criteria established in the mathematical literature are coherent with simple criteria formulated in terms of the asymptotic behavior of the Kahler potential K ( C ) = 2 J ( C ) where the real scalar field C encodes the inflaton field .	Yet at least one exception exists of an elliptic alpha-attractor , so that neither type of isometry can be a priori excluded .
+4	This expression , which is amenable to asymptotic analysis , follows from an exact combinatorial description of the operators localizing dimers in the transfer-matrix formalism , and then a suitable application of Wick 's theorem .	We introduce a general model of dimer coverings of certain plane bipartite graphs , which we call rail yard graphs ( RYG ) .	The transfer matrices used to compute the partition function are shown to be isomorphic to certain operators arising in the so-called boson-fermion correspondence .	This allows to reformulate the RYG dimer model as a Schur process , i.e.as a random sequence of integer partitions subject to some interlacing conditions .	Beyond the computation of the partition function , we provide an explicit expression for all correlation functions or , equivalently , for the inverse Kasteleyn matrix of the RYG dimer model .
+0	The dust disks observed around mature stars are evidence that plantesimals are present in these systems on spatial scales that are similar to that of the asteroids and the KBOs in the Solar System .	These dust disks ( a.k.a .	`` debris disks '' ) present a wide range of sizes , morphologies and properties .	It is inferred that their dust mass declines with time as the dust-producing planetesimals get depleted , and that this decline can be punctuated by large spikes that are produced as a result of individual collisional events .	The lack of solid state features indicate that , generally , the dust in these disks have sizes larger than approximately 10 microns , but exceptionally , strong silicate features in some disks suggest the presence of large quantities of small grains , thought to be the result of recent collisions .
+3	We perform a microwave read out of the charge states of this system which allows us to unveil features of the out of equilibrium charge dynamics , otherwise invisible in the DC current .	The recent development of hybrid cQED allows one to study how cavity photons interact with a system driven out of equilibrium by fermionic reservoirs .	We study here one of the simplest combination : a double quantum dot coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field .	We are able to couple resonantly the charge levels of a carbon nanotube based double dot to cavity photons .	We extract relaxation rate , dephasing rate and photon number of the hybrid system using a theory based on a master equation technique .
+4	Further we show that for not too fast fluctuations the system can be well described by effective rate equations .	The over-damped motion of a Brownian particle in an asymmetric , bistable , fluctuating potential shows noise induced stability : For intermediate fluctuation rates the mean occupancy of minima with an energy above the absolute minimum is enhanced .	The model works as a detector for potential fluctuations being not too fast and not too slow .	This effect occurs due to the different time scales in the problem .	We present a detailed analysis of this effect using the exact solution of the Fokker-Planck equation for a simple model .
+2	By using this formula , the dHvA oscillation and its temperature-dependence for the two-band system are shown .	We study the de Haas-van Alphen ( dHvA ) oscillation in two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional systems .	We give a general formula of the dHvA oscillation in two-dimensional multi-band systems .	By introducing the interlayer hopping $ t_z $ , we examine the crossover from the two-dimension , where the oscillation of the chemical potential plays an important role in the magnetization oscillation , to the three-dimension , where the oscillation of the chemical potential can be neglected as is well know as the Lifshitz and Kosevich formula .	The crossover is seen at $ 4 t_z \sim 8 ta b H /\phi_0 $ , where a and b are lattice constants , $ \phi_0 $ is the flux quantum and 8t is the width of the total energy band .
+2	We determine the relationship between the topological charge density and the electronic charge density , and the statistics of skyrmions .	We derive an effective non-linear sigma model for quantum hall systems with arbitrary polarizations , by employing the recently proposed doublet model .	We study the topological excitations , in particular , the skyrmions , as a function of the filling fraction as well as the polarization .	We also estimate the value of spin stiffness by using the dispersion relations that we have obtained recently by employing the time dependent Hartree-Fock approximation for the doublet model .	Finally , we point out how the skyrmionic excitations reveal information directly on the number of flux tubes that get attached to the electrons in order to form composite fermions .
+4	the criterion may be useful in rejecting models which are based on stochastic classical fields .	Is is shown here that the `` simple test of quantumness for a single system '' of arXiv:0704.1962 ( for a recent experimental realization see arXiv:0804.1646 ) has exactly the same relation to the discussion of to the problem of describing the quantum system via a classical probabilistic scheme ( that is in terms of hidden variables , or within a realistic theory ) as the von Neumann theorem ( 1932 ) .	The latter one was shown by Bell ( 1966 ) to stem from an assumption that the hidden variable values for a sum of two non-commuting observables ( which is an observable too ) have to be , for each individual system , equal to sums of eigenvalues of the two operators .	One can not find a physical justification for such an assumption to hold for non-commeasurable variables .	On the positive side .
+2	This matrix space , $ \mathcal { P } _ { n } ^ { ia } $ , is the space of all stochastic matrices that are irreducible and aperiodic .	This paper continues the discussion on the stability of time-inhomogeneous Markov chains .	In particular , this paper defines a time-inhomogeneous , discrete-time Markov chain governed by a continuous evolution in the appropriate martrix space .	For this new type of evolution there is a definition of a specific type of stability called the stable adiabatic time .	This measure is bounded by a function of the optimal mixing time over the evolution .
+0	We show that the presence of Majorana zero-modes in a one-dimensional topological superconductor can be detected by adiabatic cooling .	This cooling effect results from an increase of the topological entropy associated with the ground state degeneracy due to such modes .	Here , we consider an experimentally feasible topological superconductor : a strong spin-orbit coupled semiconducting quantum wire interfaced with an s-wave superconductor and subjected to a magnetic field .	Numerical simulations of realistic experimental geometries indicate that the creation of Majorana zero-modes , which can be achieved by tuning of electronic gates or the external magnetic field , results in a measurable cooling effect .	We also argue that this cooling effect results in an increase in the zero bias peak conductance .
+0	The formation of a double white dwarf binary likely involves a common envelope ( CE ) event between a red giant and a white dwarf ( WD ) during the most recent episode of Roche lobe overflow mass transfer .	We study the role of recombination energy with hydrodynamic simulations of such stellar interactions .	We find that the recombination energy helps to expel the common envelope entirely , while if recombination energy is not taken into account , a significant fraction of the common envelope remains bound .	We apply our numerical methods to constrain the progenitor system for WD 1101+364 -- a double WD binary that has well-measured mass ratio of $ q=0.87\pm0.03 $ and an orbital period of 0.145 days .	Our best-fit progenitor for the pre-common envelope donor is a 1.5 $ M_\odot $ red giant .
+0	The association of algebraic objects to forms has had many important applications in number theory .	Gauss , over two centuries ago , studied quadratic rings and ideals associated to binary quadratic forms , and found that ideal classes of quadratic rings are exactly parametrized by equivalence classes of integral binary quadratic forms .	Delone and Faddeev , in 1940 , showed that cubic rings are parametrized by equivalence classes of integral binary cubic forms .	Birch , Merriman , Nakagawa , Corso , Dvornicich , and Simon have all studied rings associated to binary forms of degree n for any n , but it has not previously been known which rings , and with what additional structure , are associated to binary forms .	In this paper , we show exactly what algebraic structures are parametrized by binary n-ic forms , for all n. The algebraic data associated to an integral binary n-ic form includes a ring isomorphic to $ \mathbb { Z } ^n $ as a $ \mathbb { Z } $ -module , an ideal class for that ring , and a condition on the ring and ideal class that comes naturally from geometry .
+2	We find that in the region defined by 1 kpc & lt ; Z & lt ; 5 kpc and 3 kpc & lt ; R & lt ; 13 kpc , the rotational velocity for disk stars smoothly decreases , and all three components of the velocity dispersion increase , with distance from the Galactic plane .	We study Milky Way kinematics using a sample of 18.8 million main-sequence stars with r & lt ; 20 and proper-motion measurements derived from SDSS and POSS astrometry , including ~170,000 stars with radial-velocity measurements from the SDSS spectroscopic survey .	Distances to stars are determined using a photometric parallax relation , covering a distance range from ~100 pc to 10 kpc over a quarter of the sky at high Galactic latitudes ( |b| & gt ; 20 degrees ) .	In contrast , the velocity ellipsoid for halo stars is aligned with a spherical coordinate system and appears to be spatially invariant within the probed volume .	The velocity distribution of nearby ( $ Z & lt ; 1 $ kpc ) K/M stars is complex , and can not be described by a standard Schwarzschild ellipsoid .
+2	The second one comes from Geometric Invariant Theory in the construction of a moduli space for $ ( G , h ) $ -constellations , and depends on some finite subset $ D $ of the isomorphy classes of irreducible representations of $ G $ .	Given an infinite reductive algebraic group $ G $ , we consider $ G $ -equivariant coherent sheaves with prescribed multiplicities , called $ ( G , h ) $ -constellations , for which two stability notions arise .	The first one is analogous to the $ \theta $ -stability defined for quiver representations by King and for $ G $ -constellations by Craw and Ishii , but depending on infinitely many parameters .	We show that these two stability notions do not coincide , answering negatively a question raised in [ BT15 ] .	Also , we construct Harder-Narasimhan filtrations for $ ( G , h ) $ -constellations with respect to both stability notions ( namely , the $ \mu_ { \theta } $ -HN and $ \mu_D $ -HN filtrations ) .
+4	We also observe that the fundamental group places no restriction on the vanishing of the minimal volume and collapse with bounded sectional curvature for high-dimensional manifolds .	In this short note , exploits of constructions of $ \mathcal { F } $ -structures coupled with technology developed by Cheeger-Gromov and Paternain-Petean are seen to yield a procedure to compute minimal entropy , minimal volume , Yamabe invariant and to study collapsing with bounded sectional curvature on inequivalent smooth structures and inequivalent PL-structures within a fixed homeomorphism class .	We compute these fundamental Riemannian invariants for every high-dimensional smooth manifold on the homeomorphism class of any smooth manifold that admits a Riemannian metric of zero sectional curvature .	This includes all exotic and all fake tori of dimension greater than four .	We observe that the minimal volume is not an invariant of the smooth structures , yet the Yamabe invariant does discern the standard smooth structure from all the others .
+0	Galaxy mergers produce binaries of supermassive black holes , which emit gravitational waves prior to their coalescence .	We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to study the tidal disruption of stars by such a binary in the final centuries of its life .	We find that the gas stream of the stellar debris moves chaotically in the binary potential and forms accretion disks around both black holes .	The accretion light curve is modulated over the binary orbital period owing to relativistic beaming .	This periodic signal allows to detect the decay of the binary orbit due to gravitational wave emission by observing two tidal disruption events that are separated by more than a decade .
+1	Our method is based on the density functional theory ( DFT ) as implemented in the well tested Siesta approach ( which uses non-local norm-conserving pseudopotentials to describe the effect of the core electrons , and linear combination of finite-range numerical atomic orbitals to describe the valence states ) .	We describe an ab initio method for calculating the electronic structure , electronic transport , and forces acting on the atoms , for atomic scale systems connected to semi-infinite electrodes and with an applied voltage bias .	We fully deal with the atomistic structure of the whole system , treating both the contact and the electrodes on the same footing .	The effect of the finite bias ( including selfconsistency and the solution of the electrostatic problem ) is taken into account using nonequilibrium Green 's functions .	We relate the nonequilibrium Green 's function expressions to the more transparent scheme involving the scattering states .
+4	We discuss the natural suppression of flavour changing neutral currents ( FCNCs ) and emphasise the rich low energy Higgs sector .	The observed replication of fermions in three families is undoubtedly a reflection of a deeper symmetry underlying the standard model .	In this paper we investigate one very elementary possibility , that physics above the grand unification scale is described by the symmetry group $ G\timesSU ( 3 ) _ { fam } $ with $ G $ a gauged grand unified group , and $ SU ( 3 ) _ { fam } $ a global family symmetry .	The breaking of this symmetry at the GUT scale produces global texture , providing a mechanism for structure formation in the universe , and sets strong constraints on the low energy fermion mass matrix .	With the addition of a $ { \bf 45 } $ Higgs and certain assumptions about the relative strength of Higgs couplings , the simplest $ SU ( 5 ) $ theory yields an eight parameter form for the fermion mass matrices , which we show is consistent with the thirteen observable masses and mixing angles .
+3	In the present note we continue our thorough study of the original `` Einstein-Rosen bridge '' as a simplest example of a lightlike thin-shell wormhole by explicitly deriving its description in terms of the Kruskal-Penrose formalism for maximal analytic extension of the underlying wormhole spacetime manifold .	The original formulation of the `` Einstein-Rosen bridge '' in the classic paper of Einstein and Rosen ( 1935 ) is historically the first example of a static spherically-symmetric wormhole solution .	It is not equivalent to the concept of the dynamical and non-traversable Schwarzschild wormhole , also called `` Einstein-Rosen bridge '' in modern textbooks on general relativity .	In previous papers of ours we have provided a mathematically correct treatment of the original `` Einstein-Rosen bridge '' as a traversable wormhole by showing that it requires the presence of a special kind of `` exotic matter '' located on the wormhole throat - a lightlike brane ( the latter was overlooked in the original 1935 paper ) .	Further , we generalize the Kruskal-Penrose description to the case of more complicated lightlike thin-shell wormholes with two throats exhibiting a remarkable property of QCD-like charge confinement .
+4	We introduce a `` pair amplitude '' operator and show that it can be used to numerically determine the intrinsic metric of the Laughlin state .	It has recently been pointed out that phases of matter with intrinsic topological order , like the fractional quantum Hall states , have an extra dynamical degree of freedom that corresponds to quantum geometry .	Here we perform extensive numerical studies of the geometric degree of freedom for the simplest example of fractional quantum Hall states -- the filling $ \nu=1/3 $ Laughlin state .	We perturb the system by a smooth , spatially dependent metric deformation and measure the response of the Hall fluid , finding it to be proportional to the Gaussian curvature of the metric .	Further , we generalize the concept of coherent states to formulate the bulk off-diagonal long range order for the Laughlin state , and compute the deformations of the metric in the vicinity of the edge of the system .
+4	We speculate on the effects of the quantum corrections to this mean field solution .	We study the Quantum Field Theory of nonrelativistic bosons coupled to a Chern -- Simons gauge field at nonzero particle density .	This field theory is relevant to the study of anyon superconductors in which the anyons are described as { \bf bosons } with a statistical interaction .	We show that it is possible to find a mean field solution to the equations of motion for this system which has some of the features of bose condensation .	The mean field solution consists of a lattice of vortices each carrying a single quantum of statistical magnetic flux .
+3	Thus also the Curie temperature can be determined and its dependence on important model parameters .	We present a theory to model carrier mediated ferromagnetism in concentrated or diluted local moment systems .	The electronic subsystem of the Kondo lattice model is described by a combined equation of motion / coherent potential approximation method .	Doing this we can calculate the free energy of the system and its minimum according to the magnetization of the local moments .	We get qualitative agreement with the Curie temperatures ' experimental values of Ga $ _ { 1-x } $ Mn $ _x $ As for a proper hole density .
+3	The results obtained at the unit cell level demonstrates the feasibility of integrating RA on a thin-film SC , preserving for the first time good performance in terms of both SC and RA efficiency .	This work addresses the integration of reflectarray antennas ( RA ) on thin film Solar Cell ( SC ) panels , as a mean to save real estate , weight , or cost in platforms such as satellites or transportable autonomous antenna systems .	Our goal is to design a good RA unit cell in terms of phase response and bandwidth , while simultaneously achieving high optical transparency and low microwave loss , to preserve good SC and RA energy efficiencies , respectively .	Since there is a trade-off between the optical transparency and microwave surface conductivity of a conductor , here both standard copper and transparent conductors are considered .	For instance , measurement at X-band demonstrate families of cells providing a phase range larger than 270 { \deg } with average microwave loss of -2.45dB ( resp .
+1	These two planets experience strong mutual perturbations , which necessitate use of a dynamical ( four-body ) model to compute transit ephemerides for the system .	We report the results of a globally coordinated photometric campaign to search for transits by the P ~ 30 d and P ~ 60 d outer planets of the 3-planet system orbiting the nearby M-dwarf Gl 876 .	Our photometric data have been collected from published archival sources , as well as from our photometric campaigns that were targeted to specific transit predictions .	Our analysis indicates that transits by planet `` c '' ( P ~ 30 d ) do not currently occur , in concordance with the best-fit i = 50 degree co-planar configuration obtained by dynamical fits to the most recent radial velocity data for the system .	Transits by planet `` b '' ( P ~ 60 d ) are not entirely ruled out by our observations , but our data indicate that it is very unlikely that they occur .
+4	Although completely general , our treatment should be particularly useful for applications to the recent problem of wrapping contributions in some checks of the AdS/CFT correspondence .	We perform a systematic analysis of wrapping interactions for a general class of theories with color degrees of freedom , including N=4 SYM .	Wrapping interactions arise in the genus expansion of the 2-point function of composite operators as finite size effects that start to appear at a certain order in the coupling constant at which the range of the interaction is equal to the length of the operators .	We analyze in detail the relevant genus expansions , and introduce a strategy to single out the wrapping contributions , based on adding spectator fields .	We use a toy model to demonstrate our procedure , performing all computations explicitly .
+3	It is shown that the number of shells is an important control parameter of the phonon dispersion together with the structure dimensions and acoustic impedance mismatch between the superlattice layers .	We report on a possibility of efficient engineering of the acoustic phonon energy spectrum in multishell tubular structures produced by a novel high-tech method of self-organization of nano- and micro-architectures .	The strain-driven roll-up procedure paved the way for novel classes of metamaterials such as single semiconductor radial micro- and nano-crystals and multi-layer spiral micro- and nano-superlattices .	The acoustic phonon dispersion is determined by solving the equations of elastodynamics for InAs and GaAs material systems .	The obtained results suggest that rolled up nano-architectures have potential for thermoelectric applications owing to a possibility of significant reduction of the thermal conductivity without degradation of the electronic transport .
+3	Does lane-changing increase or decrease the motor flux per lane ?	KIF1A kinesins are single-headed motor proteins which move on cylindrical nano-tubes called microtubules ( MT ) .	A normal MT consists of 13 protofilaments on which the equispaced motor binding sites form a periodic array .	The collective movement of the kinesins on a MT is , therefore , analogous to vehicular traffic on multi-lane highways where each protofilament is the analogue of a single lane .	We address this fundamental question here by appropriately extending a recent model [ { \it Phys.Rev .
+4	We look both at supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric scenarios .	We investigate models where gauge unification ( GUT ) proceeds in steps that include Pati-Salam symmetry .	Beyond the Standard Model , we allow for a well-defined set of small representations of the GUT gauge group .	We show that all possible chains of Pati-Salam symmetry breaking can be realized in accordance with gauge-coupling unification .	We identify , in particular , models with unification near the Planck scale , with intermediate left-right or SU ( 4 ) quark-lepton symmetries that are relevant for flavor physics , with new colored particles at accessible energies , and with an enlarged electroweak Higgs sector .
+0	A typical stellar mass black hole with a lighter companion is shown to succumb to a chaotic precession of the orbital plane .	As a result , the optimal candidates for the direct detection of gravitational waves by Earth based interferometers can show irregular modulation of the waveform during the last orbits before plunge .	The precession and the subsequent modulation of the gravitational radiation depends on the mass ratio , eccentricity , and spins .	The smaller the mass of the companion , the more prominent the effect of the precession .	The most important parameters are the spin magnitudes and misalignments .
+0	Optical integrated spectra of bulges have been obtained for 28 spiral galaxies .	By applying an appropriate aperture size for each galaxy , the unavoidable contamination of disk starlight has been carefully minimized and set to $ \sim $ 1/7 of the total stellar light .	The sample covers a wide range in bulge luminosity and morphology .	The Mg $ _2 $ index shows a tight correlation with the bulge intrinsic luminosity , similar - and extended at fainter magnitudes - to the relationship known for ellipticals .	Other features such as CaIIK , CN , G-band , and TiO show similar trend with the bulge luminosity .
+3	Two sets of chemical abundances , one derived from collisionally excited lines ( CELs ) and one , from recombination lines ( RLs ) , are used .	Chemical evolution models are useful for understanding the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies .	Model predictions will be more robust as more observational constraints are used .	We present chemical evolution models for the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822 using chemical abundances of old and young Planetary Nebulae ( PNe ) and \ion { H } { ii } regions as observational constraints .	We try to use our models as a tool to discriminate between both procedures for abundance determinations .
+2	Regular two dimensional arrangements of DEPFETs can be read out by turning on individual rows and reading currents or voltages in the columns .	Field effect transistors embedded into a depleted silicon bulk ( DEPFETs ) can be used as the first amplifying element for the detection of small signal charges deposited in the bulk by ionizing particles , X-ray photons or visible light .	Very good noise performance at room temperature due to the low capacitance of the collecting electrode has been demonstrated .	Such arrangements allow the fast , low power readout of larger arrays with the possibility of random access to selected pixels .	In this paper , different readout concepts are discussed as they are required for arrays with incomplete or complete clear and for readout at the source or the drain .
+1	However , with the trend towards large-scale IT systems , a new challenge has emerged .	Recent advances in computing systems have led to a new digital era in which every area of life is nearly interrelated with information technology .	The complexity of IT systems is becoming an obstacle that hampers the manageability , operability , and maintainability of modern computing infrastructures .	Autonomic computing popped up to provide an answer to these ever-growing pitfalls .	Fundamentally , autonomic systems are self-configuring , self-healing , self-optimizing , and self-protecting ; hence , they can automate all complex IT processes without human intervention .
+2	Dijet angular distributions have been measured over a range of dijet masses , from 0.25TeV to above 1.1TeV .	We present the first measurement of dijet angular distributions in ppbar collisions at sqrt { s } =1.96TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider .	The measurement is based on a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 0.7fb-1 collected with the D0 detector .	The data are in good agreement with the predictions of perturbative QCD and are used to constrain new physics models including quark compositeness , large extra dimensions , and TeV-1 scale extra dimensions .	For all models we set the most stringent direct limits to date .
+2	As a mobile node ( MN ) moves within a heterogeneous environment , satisfactory quality of service ( QoS ) is desired by ensuring efficient vertical handover .	Over the years , vertical handover has attracted the interest of numerous researchers .	Despite the attractive benefits of integrating different wireless platforms , mobile users are confronted with the issue of detrimental handover .	This demands not only the efficient execution of vertical handover , but also optimized pre-handover decisions , such as : handover necessity estimation ( HNE ) , handover triggering condition estimation ( HTCE ) and handover target selection ( HTS ) .	The existing works on HNE and HTCE optimization considered the coverage region of a point of attachment to be circular , ignoring the fading effect .
+0	There are p heterogeneous objects to be assigned to n competing agents ( n & gt ; p ) each with unit demand .	It is required to design a Groves mechanism for this assignment problem satisfying weak budget balance , individual rationality , and minimizing the budget imbalance .	This calls for designing an appropriate rebate function .	When the objects are identical , this problem has been solved which we refer as WCO mechanism .	We measure the performance of such mechanisms by the redistribution index .
+2	Laser oscillation begins at a pump power of 42 nW under resonant condition , while the far-detuning conditions require ~145 nW for lasing .	We demonstrate a photonic crystal nanocavity laser essentially driven by a self-assembled InAs/GaAs single quantum dot gain .	The investigated nanocavities contain only 0.4 quantum dots on an average ; an ultra-low density quantum dot sample ( 1.5 x 108 cm-2 ) is used so that a single quantum dot can be isolated from the surrounding quantum dots .	This spectral detuning dependence of laser threshold indicates substantial contribution of the single quantum dot to the total gain .	Moreover , photon correlation measurements show a distinct transition from anti-bunching to Poissonian via bunching with the increase of the excitation power , which is also an evidence of laser oscillation with the single quantum dot .
+0	We formulate and study a quantum field theory of a microtubule , a basic element of living cells .	Following the quantum theory of consciousness by Hameroff and Penrose , we let the system to reduce to one of the classical states without measurement if certain conditions are satisfied ( self-reductions ) , and calculate the self-reduction time $ \tau_N $ ( the mean interval between two successive self-reductions ) of a cluster consisting of more than $ N $ neighboring tubulins ( basic units composing a microtubule ) .	$ \tau_N $ is interpreted there as an instance of the stream of consciousness .	We analyze the dependence of $ \tau_N $ upon $ N $ and the initial conditions , etc .	For relatively large electron hopping amplitude , $ \tau_N $ obeys a power law $ \tau_N \sim N^b $ , which can be explained by the percolation theory .
+2	In d=2 , it is given by a marginal Gaussian distribution intermediate between Gaussian and Levy laws .	We discuss the distribution of the gravitational force created by a Poissonian distribution of field sources ( stars , galaxies , ... ) in different dimensions of space d. In d=3 , it is given by a Levy law called the Holtsmark distribution .	It presents an algebraic tail for large fluctuations due to the contribution of the nearest neighbor .	In d=1 , it is exactly given by the Bernouilli distribution ( for any particle number N ) which becomes Gaussian for N & gt ; & gt ; 1 .	Therefore , the dimension d=2 is critical regarding the statistics of the gravitational force .
+1	We prove a quenched large deviations principle with explicit characterization of the action functional .	We consider multiple time scales systems of stochastic differential equations with small noise in random environments .	The random medium is assumed to be stationary and ergodic .	In the course of the proof we also prove related quenched ergodic theorems for controlled diffusion processes in random environments that are of independent interest .	The proof relies entirely on probabilistic arguments , allowing to obtain detailed information on how the rare event occurs .
+4	We observed Lifshitz-Slyozov scaling $ t^ { 1/3 } $ at intermediate distances and very slow convergence to this scaling at small distances .	We analyze a recent experiment of Sharon \textit { et al . }	( 2003 ) on the coarsening , due to surface tension , of fractal viscous fingering patterns ( FVFPs ) grown in a radial Hele-Shaw cell .	We argue that an unforced Hele-Shaw model , a natural model for that experiment , belongs to the same universality class as model B of phase ordering .	Two series of numerical simulations with model B are performed , with the FVFPs grown in the experiment , and with Diffusion Limited Aggregates , as the initial conditions .
+4	The finite size scaling properties are then studied numerically in detail in the critical region , and we propose a consistent set of critical exponents , which does not coincide with the set of standard percolation exponents for this model .	We study both numerically and analytically what happens to a random graph of average connectivity `` alpha '' when its leaves and their neighbors are removed iteratively up to the point when no leaf remains .	The remnant is made of isolated vertices plus an induced subgraph we call the `` core '' .	In the thermodynamic limit of an infinite random graph , we compute analytically the dynamics of leaf removal , the number of isolated vertices and the number of vertices and edges in the core .	We show that a second order phase transition occurs at `` alpha = e = 2.718 ... '' : below the transition , the core is small but above the transition , it occupies a finite fraction of the initial graph .
+1	We use graphene on the SiC ( 000-1 ) ( 2x2 ) _C reconstruction as a model system .	We investigate the graphene-impurity interaction problem by combining experimental - scanning tunneling microscopy ( STM ) and spectroscopy ( STS ) - and theoretical - Anderson impurity model and density functional theory ( DFT ) calculations - techniques .	The SiC substrate reconstruction is based on silicon adatoms .	Graphene mainly interacts with the dangling bonds of these adatoms which act as impurities .	Graphene grown on SiC ( 000-1 ) ( 2x2 ) _C shows domains with various orientations relative to the substrate so that very different local graphene/Si adatom stacking configurations can be probed on a given grain .
+2	Our method is applicable to dynamical processes that are known to be nearly-sparse in a certain basis and it can be implemented using only single-body preparations and measurements .	The resources required to characterise the dynamics of engineered quantum systems-such as quantum computers and quantum sensors-grow exponentially with system size .	Here we adapt techniques from compressive sensing to exponentially reduce the experimental configurations required for quantum process tomography .	We perform efficient , high-fidelity estimation of process matrices on an experiment attempting to implement a photonic two-qubit logic-gate .	The data base is obtained under various decoherence strengths .
+0	This paper presents Networks of Influence Diagrams ( NID ) , a compact , natural and highly expressive language for reasoning about agents beliefs and decision-making processes .	NIDs are graphical structures in which agents mental models are represented as nodes in a network ; a mental model for an agent may itself use descriptions of the mental models of other agents .	NIDs are demonstrated by examples , showing how they can be used to describe conflicting and cyclic belief structures , and certain forms of bounded rationality .	In an opponent modeling domain , NIDs were able to outperform other computational agents whose strategies were not known in advance .	NIDs are equivalent in representation to Bayesian games but they are more compact and structured than this formalism .
+2	Such a mechanism would inevitably entail lepton flavor violating effects .	A mechanism has been suggested recently to generate the neutrino mass out of a dimension-seven operator .	This is expected to relieve the tension between the occurrence of a tiny neutrino mass and the observability of other physics effects beyond it .	We study in this work the radiative and purely leptonic transitions of the light charged leptons .	In so doing we make a systematic analysis of the flavor structure by providing a convenient parametrization of the mass matrices in terms of independent physical parameters and diagonalizing them explicitly .
+4	In the process of construction , we also derive an obstruction for a small Seifert fibred space to be obtainable by a surgery with a seiferter .	The Cabling Conjecture states that surgery on hyperbolic knots in $ S^3 $ never produces reducible manifolds .	In contrast , there do exist hyperbolic knots in some lens spaces with non-prime surgeries .	Baker constructed a family of such hyperbolic knots and posed a conjecture that his examples encompass all hyperbolic knots in lens spaces with non-prime surgeries .	Using the idea of seiferters we construct a counterexample to this conjecture .
+2	Here , $ \bm { k } _ { \rm F } $ denotes the position on a Fermi surface .	We theoretically investigate the magnetic-field-angle dependence of the flux-flow resistivity $ \rho_ { \rm f } $ in unconventional superconductors .	Two contributions to $ \rho_ { \rm f } $ are considered : one is the quasiparticle ( QP ) relaxation time $ \tau ( \bm { k } _ { \rm F } ) $ and the other is $ \omega_0 ( \bm { k } _ { \rm F } ) $ , which is a counterpart to the interlevel spacing of the QP bound states in the quasiclassical approach .	Numerical calculations are conducted for a line-node s-wave and a d-wave pair potential with the same anisotropy of their amplitudes , but with a sign change only for a d-wave one .	We show that the field-angle dependence of $ \rho_ { \rm f } $ differs prominently between s-wave and d-wave pairs , reflecting the phase of the pair potentials .
+2	The theoretical properties of these estimators are examined , several new theoretical results are developed , and all estimators are systematically applied to various types of synthetic data and under different conditions .	We use statistical estimates of the entropy rate of spike train data in order to make inferences about the underlying structure of the spike train itself .	We first examine a number of different parametric and nonparametric estimators ( some known and some new ) , including the `` plug-in '' method , several versions of Lempel-Ziv-based compression algorithms , a maximum likelihood estimator tailored to renewal processes , and the natural estimator derived from the Context-Tree Weighting method ( CTW ) .	Our main focus is on the performance of these entropy estimators on the ( binary ) spike trains of 28 neurons recorded simultaneously for a one-hour period from the primary motor and dorsal premotor cortices of a monkey .	We show how the entropy estimates can be used to test for the existence of long-term structure in the data , and we construct a hypothesis test for whether the renewal process model is appropriate for these spike trains .
+4	We suggest that second sound cascades of this kind may be useful for model studies of acoustic turbulence .	Based on measurements of nonlinear second sound resonances in a high-quality resonator , we have observed a steady-state wave energy cascade in He II involving a flux of energy through the spectral range towards high frequencies .	We show that the energy balance in the wave system is nonlocal in K-space and that the frequency scales of energy pumping and dissipation are widely separated .	The wave amplitude distribution follows a power law over a wide range of frequencies .	Numerical computations yield results in agreement with the experimental observations .
+3	In contrast , the orbital angular momentum associated with each plane-wave is orthogonal to its k-vector .	We derive exact expressions , in the form of Fourier integrals over the ( k , w ) domain , for the energy , momentum , and angular momentum of a light pulse propagating in free space .	The angular momentum is seen to split naturally into two parts .	The spin contribution of each plane-wave constituent of the pulse , representing the difference between its right- and left-circular polarization content , is aligned with the corresponding k-vector .	In general , the orbital angular momentum content of the wavepacket is the sum of an intrinsic part , due , for example , to phase vorticity , and an extrinsic part , r_CM x p , produced by the linear motion of the center-of-mass r_CM of the light pulse in the direction of its linear momentum p .
+2	The intralayer a lattice parameter does not show any appreciable variation with increase of pressure up to 2.7 kbar .	The layered structure of tetragonal Ni ( CN ) 2 , consisting of square-planar Ni ( CN ) 4 units linked in the a-b plane , with no true periodicity along the c-axis , is expected to show anisotropic compression on the application of pressure .	High-pressure neutron diffraction ( elastic ) and inelastic neutron scattering experiments have been performed on polycrystalline Ni ( CN ) 2 to investigate its compressibility and stability .	Above this pressure value , a decrease in a is observed .	The c lattice parameter decreases slowly up to 1 kbar , then decreases sharply up to 20 kbar .
+4	At z & gt ; 1.7 , we set alpha steepening with ( 1+z ) .	[ Abridged ] We investigate the global galaxy evolution over 12 Gyr ( 0.05 & lt ; z & lt ; 4.5 ) , from the star formation rate density ( SFRD ) , combining the VVDS Deep ( 17.5 & lt ; =I & lt ; =24.0 ) and Ultra-Deep ( 23.00 & lt ; =i & lt ; =24.75 ) surveys .	We obtain a single homogeneous spectroscopic redshift sample , totalizing about 11000 galaxies .	We estimate the rest-frame FUV luminosity function ( LF ) and luminosity density ( LD ) , extract the dust attenuation of the FUV radiation using SED fitting , and derive the dust-corrected SFRD .	We find a constant and flat faint-end slope alpha in the FUV LF at z & lt ; 1.7 .
+0	We study how runaway stellar collisions in high-redshift , metal-poor star clusters form very massive stars ( VMSs ) that can directly collapse to intermediate-mass black holes ( IMBHs ) .	We follow the evolution of a pair of neighbouring high-redshift mini-haloes with high-resolution , cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations using the adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES combined with the non-equilibrium chemistry package KROME .	The first collapsing mini-halo is assumed to enrich the central nuclear star cluster ( NSC ) of the other to a critical metallicity , sufficient for Population II ( Pop .	II ) star formation at redshift $ z\approx27 $ .	Using the spatial configuration of the flattened , asymmetrical gas cloud forming in the core of the metal enriched halo , we set the initial conditions for simulations of an initially non-spherical star cluster with the direct summation code NBODY6 which are compared to about 2000 NBODY6 simulations of spherical star clusters for a wide range of star cluster parameters .
+2	Addressing these problems , we propose to develop an expressive deep model to naturally integrate human layout and surrounding contexts for higher level action understanding from still images .	This paper aims at one newly raising task in vision and multimedia research : recognizing human actions from still images .	Its main challenges lie in the large variations in human poses and appearances , as well as the lack of temporal motion information .	In particular , a Deep Belief Net is trained to fuse information from different noisy sources such as body part detection and object detection .	To bridge the semantic gap , we used manually labeled data to greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the pre-training and fine-tuning stages of the DBN training .
+2	These line light curves were fitted with a photoionization model to determine the density structure and the elemental abundances for the inner ring .	We present optical spectroscopic data of the inner circumstellar ring around SN 1987A from the Anglo-Australian Telescope ( AAT ) and the Very Large Telescope ( VLT ) between ~1400 and ~5000 days post-explosion .	We also assembled the available optical and near-infrared line fluxes from the literature between ~300 and ~2000 days .	We found densities ranging from 1x10^3 to 3x10^4 atoms cm^-3 and a total mass of the ionized gas of ~0.058 Msun within the inner ring .	Abundances inferred from the optical and near-infrared data were also complemented with estimates of Lundqvist & amp ; Fransson ( 1996 ) based on ultraviolet lines .
+1	The interaction is restricted to nearest neighbours and contains 5 continuous parameters .	We present a class of optimum ground states for spin-3/2 models on the Cayley tree with coordination number 3 .	For all values of these parameters the Hamiltonian has parity invariance , spin-flip invariance , and rotational symmetry in the xy-plane of spin space .	The global ground states are constructed in terms of a 1-parametric vertex state model , which is a direct generalization of the well-known matrix product ground state approach .	By using recursion relations and the transfer matrix technique we derive exact analytical expressions for local fluctuations and longitudinal and transversal two-point correlation functions .
+2	It results in a local alternating magnetization ( LAM ) , which when the defect moves , creates a flipping process of the local field seen by each nuclear spin .	A model of mobile-bond defects is tentatively proposed to analyze the `` anomalies '' observed on the NMR spectrum of the quantum Heisenberg chains of Sr2CuO3 .	A bond-defect is a local change in the exchange coupling .	At low temperature , when the overlap of the LAM becomes large , the defects form a periodic structure , which extends over almost all the chains .	In that regime , the density of bond-defects decreases linearly with T .
+2	Its flux had by then increased to 40 mCrab and 25 mCrab in the 15-40 keV and 40-100 keV bands respectively .	IGR J17091-3624 was discovered in 2003 April by INTEGRAL/IBIS during its Galactic Centre Deep Exposure programme .	The source was initially detectable only in the 40 -- 100 keV range , but after two days was also detected in the 15-40 keV range .	RXTE observed the source simultaneously on 2003 April 20 , with an effective exposure of 2 ksec .	We report here the spectral and temporal evolution of the source , which shows a transition between the hard and soft states .
+4	We also explain why these models contain open membranes .	After a short introduction to Matrix theory , we explain how can one generalize matrix models to describe toroidal compactifications of M-theory and the heterotic vacua with 16 supercharges .	This allows us , for the first time in history , to derive the conventional perturbative type IIA string theory known in the 80s within a complete and consistent nonperturbative framework , using the language of orbifold conformal field theory and conformal perturbation methods .	A separate chapter is dedicated to the vacua with Horava-Witten domain walls that carry E8 gauge supermultiplets .	Those reduce the gauge symmetry of the matrix model from U ( N ) to O ( N ) .
+1	This was challenged by a subsequent reanalysis .	Using the RHESSI satellite as a Compton polarimeter , a recent study claimed that the prompt emission of GRB021206 was almost fully linearly polarized .	We present an novel approach , applying our method to the same data .	We identify Compton scattering candidates by carefully filtering events in energy , time , and scattering geometry .	Our polarization search is based on time dependent scattering rates in perpendicular directions , thus optimally excluding systematic errors .
+0	We report a study on the crystal growth of the hexagonal manganites $ R $ MnO $ _3 $ ( $ R $ = Y , Lu , Ho , Er , and Tm ) by using an optical floating-zone method .	It was found that high-quality single crystals of $ R $ = Y , Lu , and Ho could be easily grown with essentially the same conditions as those reported in literature , that is , with an atmosphere of normal pressure Ar and oxygen mixture and a growth rate of 2 -- 4 mm/h .	However , these conditions were not feasible for growing good crystals of $ R $ = Er and Tm .	The chemical analysis indicated that it was due to an off-stoichiometric phenomenon in the formed single crystals .	We used an effective and simple way to resolve this problem by adjusting the nominal compositions of the polycrystal feed rods to be 1 -- $ 2\ % $ rare-earth excess .
+3	Our extensive characterization of the films provides a clear picture of the underlying physics of this spinel ferrimagnet with antiparallel Fe moments on the A and B sublattice : ( i ) Zn substitution removes both Fe3+ moments from the A sublattice and itinerant charge carriers from the B sublattice , ( ii ) growth in finite oxygen partial pressure generates Fe vacancies on the B sublattice also removing itinerant charge carriers , and ( iii ) application of both Zn substitution and excess oxygen results in a compensation effect as Zn substitution partially removes the Fe vacancies .	The ferrimagnetic spinel oxide Zn ( x ) Fe ( 3-x ) O ( 4 ) combines high Curie temperature and spin polarization with tunable electrical and magnetic properties , making it a promising functional material for spintronic devices .	We have grown epitaxial thin films with 0 & lt ; =x & lt ; =0.9 on MgO ( 001 ) substrates with excellent structural properties both in pure Ar atmosphere and an Ar/O2 mixture by laser molecular beam epitaxy .	We find that the electrical conductivity and the saturation magnetization can be tuned over a wide range during growth .	A decrease ( increase ) of charge carrier density results in a weakening ( strengthening ) of double exchange and thereby a decrease ( increase ) of conductivity and the saturation magnetization .
+4	Our method employs a combination of probabilistic and analytic techniques .	For $ d\geq 1 $ and $ \alpha \in ( 0 , 2 ) $ , consider the family of pseudo differential operators $ \ { \Delta+ b \Delta^ { \alpha/2 } ; b\in [ 0 , 1 ] \ } $ on $ \R^d $ that evolves continuously from $ \Delta $ to $ \Delta + \Delta^ { \alpha/2 } $ .	In this paper , we establish a uniform boundary Harnack principle ( BHP ) with explicit boundary decay rate for nonnegative functions which are harmonic with respect to $ \Delta +b \Delta^ { \alpha/2 } $ ( or equivalently , the sum of a Brownian motion and an independent symmetric $ \alpha $ -stable process with constant multiple $ b^ { 1/\alpha } $ ) in $ C^ { 1 , 1 } $ open sets .	Here a `` uniform '' BHP means that the comparing constant in the BHP is independent of $ b\in [ 0 , 1 ] $ .	Along the way , a uniform Carleson type estimate is established for nonnegative functions which are harmonic with respect to $ \Delta + b \Delta^ { \alpha/2 } $ in Lipschitz open sets .
+4	This becomes especially beneficial when difficult detections have to be made .	Cells constantly need to monitor the state of the environment to detect changes and timely respond .	The detection of concentration changes of a ligand by a set of receptors can be cast as a problem of hypothesis testing , and the cell viewed as a Neyman-Pearson detector .	Within this framework , we investigate the role of receptor cooperativity in improving the cell 's ability to detect changes .	We find that cooperativity decreases the probability of missing an occurred change .
+4	We prove that cooperative jamming is SDoF optimal even without the eavesdropper CSI available at the transmitters .	We investigate the secure degrees of freedom ( SDoF ) of the wiretap and the K user Gaussian broadcast channels with multiple antennas at the transmitter , the legitimate receivers and an unknown number of eavesdroppers each with a number of antennas less than or equal to a known value NE .	The channel matrices between the legitimate transmitter and the receivers are available everywhere , while the legitimate pair have no information about the eavesdroppers ' channels .	We provide the exact sum SDoF for the considered system .	A new comprehensive upperbound is deduced and a new achievable scheme based on utilizing jamming is exploited .
+1	As the annealing temperature was increased from 800 to 975 C , the average Mg content in the MgB2 crystals systematically decreased , while Tc remains essentially unchanged and the superconducting transition slightly broadens from 0.55 K to 1.3 K. The reduction of the superconducting volume fraction was noticeable already after annealing at 875 C. Samples annealed at 975 C are partially decomposed and the Mg site occupancy is decreased to 0.92 from 0.98 in as-grown crystals .	The effects of high-temperature vacuum-annealing induced Mg deficiency in MgB2 single crystals grown under high pressure were investigated .	Annealing at 1000 C completely destroys superconductivity .	X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the main final product of decomposition is polycrystalline MgB4 and thus the decomposition reaction of MgB2 can be described as 2MgB2 ( s ) = MgB4 ( s ) + Mg ( g ) .	First-principles calculations of the Mg1-x ( VMg ) xB2 electronic structure , within the supercell approach , show a small downshift of the Fermi level .
+2	We discuss the dependence of the timing properties on spectral shape and photon energy , and study correlations between Fourier-frequency dependent coherence and time lags with features in the power spectra .	We present the most extensive analysis of Fourier-based X-ray timing properties of the black hole binary Cygnus X-1 to date , based on 12 years of bi-weekly monitoring with RXTE from 1999 to 2011 .	Our aim is a comprehensive study of timing behavior across all spectral states , including the elusive transitions and extreme hard and soft states .	Our main results are : ( a ) The fractional rms in the 0.125-256 Hz range in different spectral states shows complex behavior that depends on the energy range considered .	It reaches its maximum not in the hard state , but in the soft state in the Comptonized tail above 10 keV .
+0	Precise measurement of the electric dipole moments ( EDM ) of fundamental charged particles would provide a significant probe of physics beyond the standard model .	Any measurably large EDM would imply violation of both time reversal and parity conservation , with implications for the matter/anti-matter imbalance of the universe , not currently understood within the standard model .	A frequency domain ( i.e.difference of frequencies ) method is proposed for measuring the EDM of electrons or protons or , with modifications , deuterons .	Anticipated precision ( i.e.reproducibility ) is $ 10^ { -30 } \ , $ e-cm for the proton EDM , with comparable accuracy ( i.e.including systematic error ) .	This would be almost six orders of magnitude smaller than the present upper limit , and will provide a stringent test of the standard model .
+4	The $ \langle K_\mathrm { s } \rangle $ values were used to build the first Period-Luminosity and Period-Wesenheit relations in the near-infrared for fundamental-mode and first overtone ACs .	The VISTA near-infrared $ YJK_\mathrm { s } $ survey of the Magellanic Clouds System ( VMC , PI M.-R. L. Cioni ) is collecting deep $ K_\mathrm { s } $ -band time-series photometry of the pulsating variable stars hosted in the system formed by the two Magellanic Clouds and the Bridge connecting them .	In this paper we present for the first time $ K_\mathrm { s } $ -band light curves for Anomalous Cepheid ( AC ) variables .	In particular , we have analysed a sample of 48 Large Magellanic Cloud ACs , for which identification and optical magnitudes were obtained from the OGLE III and IV catalogues .	The VMC $ K_\mathrm { s } $ -band light curves for ACs are well sampled , with the number of epochs ranging from 8 to 16 , and allowing us to obtain very precise mean $ K_\mathrm { s } $ magnitudes with errors on average of the order of 0.01 mag .
+3	Matrices of effective Hamiltonians are quite small in comparison to the initial cutoff but nevertheless yield accurate eigenvalues thanks to the fact that just eight of their highest-energy matrix elements are proper functions of the small effective cutoff .	The canonical quantum Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem for an anharmonic oscillator with a Lagrangian L = \dot { \phi } ^2/2 - m^2 \phi^2/2 - g m^3 \phi^4 is numerically solved in two ways .	One of the ways uses a plain cutoff on the number of basis states and the other employs a renormalization group procedure .	The latter yields superior results to the former because it allows one to calculate the effective Hamiltonians .	We explain how these cutoff-dependent matrix elements emerge from the structure of the Hamiltonian and the renormalization group recursion , and we show that such small number of cutoff-dependent terms is sufficient to renormalize any band-diagonal Hamiltonian .
+0	We reconsider calibration of statistical distance scales for planetary nebulae , examining precision and systematic error for various distance methods used as well as the scales themselves .	A different calibration strategy , one based on precise trigonometric parallaxes by Harris et al .	( 2007 ; some improved by Benedict et al .	2009 ) , is presented .	Most statistical scales have an overall scale error ; in addition , all four tested show dependence of distance ratio [ scale/actual ] on nebular radius .
+1	The SME lagrangian by definition contains all Lorentz-violating interaction terms that can be written as observer scalars and that involve particle fields in the Standard Model and gravitational fields in a generalized theory of gravity .	The Standard Model Extension ( SME ) provides the most general observer-independent field theoretical framework for investigations of Lorentz violation .	This includes all possible terms that could arise from a process of spontaneous Lorentz violation in the context of a more fundamental theory , as well as terms that explicitly break Lorentz symmetry .	An overview of the SME is presented , including its motivations and construction .	Some of the theoretical issues arising in the case of spontaneous Lorentz violation are discussed , including the question of what happens to the Nambu-Goldstone modes when Lorentz symmetry is spontaneously violated and whether a Higgs mechanism can occur .
+0	If the observed deficit of solar neutrinos is due to neutrino oscillations , neutrino conversions caused by the interaction of their transition magnetic moments with the solar magnetic field ( spin-flavour precession ) can still be present at a subdominant level .	In that case , the combined action of neutrino oscillations and spin-flavour precession can lead to a small but observable flux of electron antineutrinos coming from the sun .	Non-observation of these nuebar 's could set limits on neutrino transition moment \mu and the strength and coordinate dependence of the solar magnetic field B_\perp .	The sensitivity of the nuebar flux to the product \mu B_\perp is strongest in the case of the vacuum oscillation ( VO ) solution of the solar neutrino problem ; in the case of the LOW solution , it is weaker , and it is the weakest for the LMA solution .	For different solutions , different characteristics of the solar magnetic field B_\perp ( r ) are probed : for the VO solution , the nuebar flux is determined by the integral of B_\perp ( r ) over the solar convective zone , for LMA it is determined by the magnitude of B_\perp in the neutrino production region , and for LOW it depends on the competition between this magnitude and the derivative of B_\perp ( r ) at the surface of the sun .
+2	They have the same singularities as two of Fujiki 's examples , namely , 28 isolated singular points analytically equivalent to the Veronese cone of degree 8 , but a different Euler number .	Three new examples of 4-dimensional irreducible symplectic V-manifolds are constructed .	Two of them are relative compactified Prymians of a family of genus-3 curves with involution , and the third one is obtained from a Prymian by Mukai 's flop .	The family of curves used in this construction forms a linear system on a K3 surface with involution .	The structure morphism of both Prymians to the base of the family is a Lagrangian fibration in abelian surfaces with polarization of type ( 1,2 ) .
+3	We give a geometrical explanation of the main properties of the Weil pairings and of the Riemann forms of line bundles .	In this note we prove the geometrical origin of pairings of abelian schemes .	According to Deligne 's philosophy of motives , this means that these pairings are motivic .	We make also explicit the link between pairings and linear morphisms .	We generalize our remarks to pairings of 1-motives .
+1	This star is revealed to be a triple system with a G 3V primary ( HD 217411 A ) separated by ~1.1 '' from a secondary that is in turn composed of an unresolved K0 V star ( HD 217411 Ba ) and a hot DA white dwarf ( HD 217411 Bb ) .	We present Hubble Space Telescope imaging and spectroscopy of HD 217411 , a G3 V star associated with the extreme ultraviolet excess source ( EUV 2RE J2300-07.0 ) .	The hot white dwarf dominates the UV flux of the system .	However ; it is in turn dominated by the K0 V component beyond 3000 { \AA } .	A revised distance of 143 pc is estimated for the system .
+2	By the DDRH procedure we derive in a self-consistent approach density- dependent meson-baryon vertices .	The thermal properties of asymmetric nuclear matter are investigated in a relativistic mean- field approach .	We start from free space NN-interactions and derive in-medium self-energies by Dirac-Brueckner theory .	At the mean-field level , we include isoscalar and isovector scalar and vector interactions .	The nuclear equation of state is investigated for a large range of total baryon densities up to the neutron star regime , the full range of asymmetries from symmetric nuclear matter to pure neutron matter , and temperatures up to T~100 MeV .
+1	Polarization spectroscopy is performed and a comparison is made between the use of a mirror or beam splitter for aligning the counter-propagating pump and probe beams .	We study modulation-free methods for producing sub-Doppler , dispersive line shapes for laser stabilization near the potassium D2 transitions at 767 nm .	Conventional magnetically-induced dichroism is found to suffer from a small dispersion and large background offset .	We therefore introduce a modified scheme , using two spatially separated pump-probe beam pairs .	Finally we compare our results to methods using phase modulation and heterodyne detection .
+0	We examine experimental magnetic susceptibility $ \chi^ { tot } ( T ) $ for CaV $ _4 $ O $ _9 $ by fitting with fitting function $ \alpha \chi^ { mag } ( T ) + c $ .	The function $ \chi^ { mag } ( T ) $ is a power series of 1/T and the lowest order term is fixed as $ C/T $ , where $ C $ is the Curie constant as determined by the experimental $ g $ -value ( g=1.96 ) .	Fitting parameters are $ \alpha $ , $ c $ and expansion coefficients except for the first one in $ \chi^ { mag } ( T ) $ .	We determine $ \alpha $ and $ c $ as $ \alpha \simeq $ 0.73 and $ c\simeq $ 0 for an experimental sample .	We interpret $ \alpha $ as the volume fraction of CaV $ _4 $ O $ _9 $ in the sample and $ \chi^ { mag } ( T ) $ as the susceptibility for the pure CaV $ _4 $ O $ _9 $ .
+3	Here we report on NGC 4337 , which was recently discovered to be an old , inner disc open cluster .	Open star clusters older than ~ 1 Gyr are rare in the inner Galactic disc .	Still , they are objects that hold crucial information for probing the chemical evolution of these regions of the Milky Way .	We aim at increasing the number of old open clusters in the inner disc for which high-resolution metal abundances are available .	We present the very first high-resolution spectroscopy of seven clump stars that are all cluster members .
+4	We find that the final product depends sensitively on the initial compactness of the neutron stars : In a merger between sufficiently compact neutron stars , a black hole is formed in a dynamical timescale .	We perform 3D numerical simulations for merger of equal mass binary neutron stars in full general relativity preparing irrotational binary neutron stars in a quasiequilibrium state as initial conditions .	Simulations have been carried out for a wide range of stiffness of equations of state and compactness of neutron stars , paying particular attention to the final products and gravitational waves .	We take a fixed uniform grid in Cartesian coordinates with typical grid size $ ( 293,293,147 ) $ in $ ( x , y , z ) $ assuming a plane symmetry with respect to the equatorial plane .	A result of one new large-scale simulation performed with grid size $ ( 505,505,253 ) $ is also presented .
+0	In recent work , we derived the long-distance confining dynamics of certain QCD-like gauge theories formulated on small $ S^1 \times \R^3 $ based on symmetries , an index theorem , and Abelian duality .	Here , we give the microscopic derivation .	The solution reveals a new mechanism of confinement in QCD ( adj ) in the regime where we have control over both perturbative and nonperturbative aspects .	In particular , consider SU ( 2 ) QCD ( adj ) theory with $ 1 \leq n_f \leq 4 $ Majorana fermions , a theory which undergoes gauge symmetry breaking at small $ S^1 $ .	If the magnetic charge of the BPS monopole is normalized to unity , we show that confinement occurs due to condensation of objects with magnetic charge 2 , not 1 .
+3	The spin sector is described by a frustrated antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model that naturally explains the net moment arising from canting and also the observed non-monotonic magnetization $ M ( T ) $ .	We propose a model for the multi-orbital material Sr $ _2 $ CrOsO $ _6 $ ( SCOO ) , an insulator with remarkable magnetic properties and the highest $ T_c \simeq 725 $ K among { \em all } perovskites with a net moment .	We derive a new criterion for the Mott transition $ ( \widetilde { U } _ { 1 } \widetilde { U } _ { 2 } ) ^ { 1/2 } & gt ; 2.5W $ using slave rotor mean field theory , where $ W $ is the bandwidth and $ \widetilde { U } _ { 1 ( 2 ) } $ are the effective Coulomb interactions on Cr ( Os ) including Hund 's coupling .	We show that SCOO is a Mott insulator , where the large Cr $ \widetilde { U } _ { 1 } $ compensates for the small Os $ \widetilde { U } _ { 2 } $ .	We predict characteristic magnetic structure factor peaks that can be probed by neutron experiments .
+3	The observed correlation validates the continuum-fitting method of measuring spin .	We show that the 5-GHz radio flux of transient ballistic jets in black hole binaries correlates with the dimensionless black hole spin parameter a* estimated via the continuum-fitting method .	The data suggest that jet power scales either as the square of a* or the square of the angular velocity of the horizon .	This is the first direct evidence that jets may be powered by black hole spin energy .	In addition , for those black holes that have well-sampled radio observations of ballistic jets , the correlation may be used to obtain rough estimates of their spins .
+1	Here we introduce four interesting spacetimes : the non-rotating BTZ black hole ( NBTZ ) , pure AdS spacetime ( PADS ) , massless BTZ black hole ( MBTZ ) , and extremal BTZ black hole ( EBTZ ) .	We study the wave equation for a massive scalar in three-dimensional AdS-black hole spacetimes to understand the unitarity issues in a semiclassical way .	Our method is based on the potential analysis and solving the wave equation to find the condition for the frequency $ \omega $ exactly .	In the NBTZ case , one finds the quasinormal ( complex and discrete ) modes which signals for a non-unitary evolution .	Real and discrete modes are found for the PADS case , which means that it is unitary obviously .
+0	Stable propagation of large , multifilament arrays over long distances in air paves new ways for microwave-radiation manipulation .	Although , the dynamics of a single or a few filaments was discussed in some of the previous studies , we show that the stability of large plasma filament arrays is significantly more complicated and is constrained by several trade-offs .	Here , we analyze the stability properties of rectangular arrays as a function of four parameters : relative phase of the generating beams , number of filaments , separation between them , and initial power .	We find that arrays with alternating phase of filaments are more stable than similar arrays with all beams in phase .	Additionally , we show that increasing the size of an array increases its stability , and that a proper choice of the beam separation and the initial power has to be made in order to obtain a dense and regular array of filaments .
+1	Diamond has turned out to be an attractive material for integrated quantum information processing due to the extraordinary properties of its colour centres enabling e.g.bright single photon emission and spin quantum bits .	The development of solid-state photonic quantum technologies is of great interest for fundamental studies of light-matter interactions and quantum information science .	To control emitted photons and to interconnect distant quantum bits , micro-cavities directly fabricated in the diamond material are desired .	However , the production of photonic devices in high-quality diamond has been a challenge so far .	Here we present a method to fabricate one- and two-dimensional photonic crystal micro-cavities in single-crystal diamond , yielding quality factors up to 700 .
+0	The axes of solar active regions are inclined relative to the east -- west direction , with the tilt angle tending to increase with latitude ( `` Joy 's law '' ) .	Observational determinations of Joy 's law have been based either on white-light images of sunspot groups or on magnetograms , where the latter have the advantage of measuring directly the physically relevant quantity ( the photospheric field ) , but the disadvantage of having been recorded routinely only since the mid-1960s .	White-light studies employing the historical Mount Wilson ( MW ) database have yielded tilt angles that are smaller and that increase less steeply with latitude than those obtained from magnetic data .	We confirm this effect by comparing sunspot-group tilt angles from the Debrecen Photoheliographic Database with measurements made by Li and Ulrich using MW magnetograms taken during cycles 21 -- 23 .	Whether white-light or magnetic data are employed , the median tilt angles significantly exceed the mean values , and provide a better characterization of the observed distributions .
+1	Numerical instabilities are smoothed by spectral filtering .	We integrate for the first time the hydrodynamic Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov equations of motion of a $ ^ { 1 } S_ { 0 } $ -paired neutron superfluid in a rotating spherical shell , using a pseudospectral collocation algorithm coupled with a time-split fractional scheme .	Three numerical experiments are conducted , with the following results .	( i ) When the inner and outer spheres are put into steady differential rotation , the viscous torque exerted on the spheres oscillates quasiperiodically and persistently ( after an initial transient ) .	The fractional oscillation amplitude ( $ \sim 10^ { -2 } $ ) increases with the angular shear and decreases with the gap width .
+2	In the context of these models we perform a $ \chi^2 $ analysis with all the available experimental numbers in different $ \Delta Y $ and $ M_ { t \bar { t } } $ bins .	The measurement of forward-backward asymmetry in the top and anti-top quark ( $ t \bar { t } $ ) production has been recently reconfirmed by the CDF Collaboration and shows a more than $ 3\sigma $ deviation from the Standard Model ( SM ) prediction in the large $ t \bar { t } $ invariant mass region .	Models with new W $ ^ { \prime } $ or Z $ ^ { \prime } $ bosons have been invoked to explain this deviation .	We show that for the $ Z^ { \prime } $ model the region of parameter space which explain the Tevatron asymmetry can be probed in the same sign top production channel by Tevatron itself .	Moreover , we consider a recently proposed observable , the one sided forward-backward asymmetry ( $ A_ { OFB } $ ) at the LHC and conclude that both the W $ ^ { \prime } $ and Z $ ^ { \prime } $ models can lead to sizable $ A_ { OFB } $ even at the LHC running at a center of mass energy of 7 TeV for the model parameters consistent with the Tevatron measurements .
+3	Were they considered to be of mathematical interest only until Einstein entered the scene ?	The recognition that physical space ( or space-time ) is curved is a product of the general theory of relativity , such as dramatically shown by the 1919 solar eclipse measurements .	However , the mathematical possibility of non-Euclidean geometries was recognized by Gauss more than a century earlier , and during the nineteenth century mathematicians developed the pioneering ideas of Gauss , Lobachevsky , Bolyai and Riemann into an elaborate branch of generalized geometry .	Did the unimaginative physicists and astronomers ignore the new geometries ?	This paper examines in detail the attempts in the period from about 1830 to 1910 to establish links between non-Euclidean geometry and the physical and astronomical sciences , including attempts to find observational evidence for curved space .
+4	When the hairy solution is turned on , the system crosses a critical point to the superconducting phase .	In this paper , we study peculiar properties of p-wave superconductors in dilaton gravity .	The scale invariance of the bulk geometry is effectively broken due to the existence of dilaton .	By coupling the dilaton to the non-Abelian gauge field , i.e. , $ -\frac14 e^ { -\beta \Phi } F^a_ { \mu\nu } F^ { a\mu\nu } $ , we find that the dissipative conductivity of the normal phase decreases and approaches zero at the zero frequency as $ \beta $ increases .	Intuitively , the system behaves more and more like an insulator .
+1	These new galvanomagnetic effects , which differ from the conventional extraordinary Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance , are follows .	Within the linear response of polycrystalline magnetic films to electric currents , a general analysis predicts three new galvanomagnetic effects originated from the two-dimensional nature of the films .	1 ) The longitudinal resistivity depends linearly on the magnetization component perpendicular to a film .	2 ) A current parallel to the magnetization can generate an electric field in the vertical direction of a film .	3 ) A current perpendicular to a film can generate an electric field along the magnetization direction .
+3	A simple explanation of this behaviour is found in the change in the structure of the orbits induced by quantum corrections .	We investigate the dynamics of classical and quantum N-component phi^4 oscillators in the presence of an external field .	In the large N limit the effective dynamics is described by two-degree-of-freedom classical Hamiltonian systems .	In the classical model we observe chaotic orbits for any value of the external field , while in the quantum case chaos is strongly suppressed .	Consistently with Heisenberg 's principle , quantum fluctuations are forced away from zero , removing in the effective quantum dynamics a hyperbolic fixed point that is a major source of chaos in the classical model .
+2	Applying the loop approach to quantize the theory we derive the spectrum of the area operator of a two-dimensional surface .	We construct a canonical formulation of general relativity for the case of a timelike foliation of spacetime .	The formulation possesses explicit covariance with respect to Lorentz transformations in the tangent space .	Its different branches are naturally associated to spacelike and timelike surfaces .	The results are compared with the predictions of Lorentzian spin foam models .
+4	This gives a dynamical mechanism for the creation of baby branes .	TeV-scale gravity theories allow the possibility of producing small black holes at energies that soon will be explored at the LHC or at the Auger observatory .	One of the expected signatures is the detection of Hawking radiation , that might eventually terminate if the black hole , once perturbed , leaves the brane .	Here , we study how the `black hole plus brane ' system evolves once the black hole is given an initial velocity , that mimics , for instance , the recoil due to the emission of a graviton .	The results of our dynamical analysis show that the brane bends around the black hole , suggesting that the black hole eventually escapes into the extra dimensions once two portions of the brane come in contact and reconnect .
+3	We proposed an approach to manage different multimedia medical databases in the telemedicine system .	The transfer of the medical care services to the patient , rather than the transport of the patient to the medical services providers is aim of the project .	This is achieved by using web-based applications including Modern Medical Informatics Services which is easier , faster and less expensive .	The required system implements the suitable informatics and electronics solutions efficiently for the Tele-medicine care .	In order to be efficiently and effectively manage , search , and display database information , we define an information package for both of doctor and patient as a concise data set of their medical information from each visit .
+3	In contrast to all known QPT methods , this algorithm relies on error-detection techniques and does not require any quantum state tomography .	The characterization of quantum dynamics is a fundamental and central task in quantum mechanics .	This task is typically addressed by quantum process tomography ( QPT ) .	Here we present an alternative `` direct characterization of quantum dynamics '' ( DCQD ) algorithm .	We illustrate that , by construction , the DCQD algorithm can be applied to the task of obtaining partial information about quantum dynamics .
+4	We further predict the pseudorapidity dependence of $ v_2 $ and $ v_3 $ in p+Pb and observe that both are increasing when going from a proton side to a Pb-nucleus side .	Using a multiphase transport model ( AMPT ) we calculate the elliptic , $ v_2 $ , and triangular , $ v_3 $ , Fourier coefficients of the two-particle azimuthal correlation function in proton-nucleus ( p+Pb ) and peripheral nucleus-nucleus ( Pb+Pb ) collisions .	Our results for $ v_3 $ are in a good agreement with the CMS data collected at the Large Hadron Collider .	The $ v_2 $ coefficient is very well described in p+Pb collisions and is underestimated for higher transverse momenta in Pb+Pb interactions .	The characteristic mass ordering of $ v_2 $ in p+Pb is reproduced whereas for $ v_3 $ this effect is not observed .
+2	New loss rate measurements performed for different lattice parameters but under controlled initial conditions allow us to show that the loss suppression is a consequence of the combined effects of lattice confinement and the continuous quantum Zeno effect .	We investigate theoretically the suppression of two-body losses when the on-site loss rate is larger than all other energy scales in a lattice .	This work quantitatively explains the recently observed suppression of chemical reactions between two rotational states of fermionic KRb molecules confined in one-dimensional tubes with a weak lattice along the tubes [ Yan et al. , Nature 501 , 521-525 ( 2013 ) ] .	A key finding , relevant for generic strongly reactive systems , is that while a single-band theory can qualitatively describe the data , a quantitative analysis must include multiband effects .	Accounting for these effects reduces the inferred molecule filling fraction by a factor of five .
+4	There are many lossy digital image compression techniques exists .	Image compression helps in storing the transmitted data in proficient way by decreasing its redundancy .	This technique helps in transferring more digital or multimedia data over internet as it increases the storage space .	It is important to maintain the image quality even if it is compressed to certain extent .	Depend upon this the image compression is classified into two categories : lossy and lossless image compression .
+1	A lesser known mode is rolling which involves periodic , asymmetric and lateral muscular deformations .	Slithering , crawling , slipping , gliding are various modes of limbless locomotion that have been mimicked for micro-manipulation of soft , slender and sessile objects .	Here we enable an elastomeric cylinder of poly ( dimethylsiloxane ) to roll on a substrate by releasing small quantity of a solvent like chloroform , toluene , hexane , heptane and so on , which swells differentially a portion of the cylinder , but evaporates from portion of it which remains exposed to the atmosphere .	In a dynamic situation , this asymmetric swelling-shrinking cycle generates a torque which drives the cylinder to roll .	The driving torque is strong enough that the cylinder can roll up an inclined plane , within a range of inclination , its velocity even increases .
+0	The osmotic coefficient of solutions of rod-like polyelectrolytes is considered by comparing current theoretical treatments and simulations to recent experimental data .	The discussion is restricted to the case of monovalent counterions and dilute , salt-free solutions .	The classical Poisson-Boltzmann solution of the cell model correctly predicts a strong decrease in the osmotic coefficient , but upon closer look systematically overestimates its value .	The contribution of ion-ion-correlations are quantitatively studied by MD simulations and the recently proposed DHHC theory .	However , our comparison with experimental data obtained on synthetic , stiff-chain polyelectrolytes shows that correlation effects can only partly explain the discrepancy .
+3	Moreover , we report a study of the violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for very low temperatures $ T=0.5 $ and $ T=0.35 $ .	We present a high statistic systematic study of the overlap correlation function well below the critical temperature in the three dimensional Gaussian spin glass .	The off-equilibrium correlation function has been studied confirming the power law behavior for the dynamical correlation length .	In particular we have computed the dynamical critical exponent $ z $ in a wide range of temperatures , $ 0.35 \le T \le 0.9 $ , obtaining a dependence $ z ( T ) =6.2/T $ in a very good agreement with recent experiments .	All our numerical results avoid a droplet model interpretation even when $ T $ is as low as $ T=0.35 $ .
+4	Finally , we show how techniques from the fault detection literature can be used to decouple disturbances and to identify attacks , under certain sparsity constraints .	In this paper , we investigate detectability and identifiability of attacks on linear dynamical systems that are subjected to external disturbances .	We generalize a concept for a security index , which was previously introduced for static systems .	The generalized index exactly quantifies the resources necessary for targeted attacks to be undetectable and unidentifiable in the presence of disturbances .	This information is useful for both risk assessment and for the design of anomaly detectors .
+1	This symmetry can be made manifest by expressing amplitudes in terms of `momentum twistors ' , as opposed to the usual twistors that make the ordinary superconformal properties manifest .	Dual superconformal invariance has recently emerged as a hidden symmetry of planar scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory .	The relation between momentum twistors and on-shell momenta is algebraic , so the translation procedure does not rely on any choice of space-time signature .	We show that tree amplitudes and box coefficients are succinctly generated by integration of holomorphic delta-functions in momentum twistors over cycles in a Grassmannian .	This is analogous to , although distinct from , recent results obtained by Arkani-Hamed et al .
+1	The existing ( Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ) observations are helpful on the road to this goal , and the forthcoming experiments ( Planck ) are likely to complete this mission .	The detection of primordial gravitational waves is one of the biggest challenges of the present time .	We show that the 5-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe $ TE $ data contains a hint of the presence of gravitational wave contribution .	In terms of the parameter $ R $ , which gives the ratio of contributions from gravitational waves and density perturbations to the temperature quadrupole , the best-fit model produced $ R=0.24 $ .	Because of large residual noises , the uncertainty of this determination is still large , and it easily includes the R=0 hypothesis .
+2	We study the relaxation dynamics of this domain state after removing the external field for two and three dimensions .	Diluted Ising antiferromagnets in a homogenous magnetic field have a disordered phase for sufficiently large values of the field and for low temperatures .	Here , the system is in a domain state with a broad size-distribution of fractal domains .	Using Monte Carlo simulation techniques , we measure the decay of the remanent magnetization .	Its temperature dependence can be understood as thermal activation .
+4	Our Eu isotopic fraction in HD 175305 is consistent with an r-process origin by the classical method and is consistent with either an r- or an s-process origin by the stellar model .	We have derived isotopic fractions of europium , samarium , and neodymium in two metal-poor giants with differing neutron-capture nucleosynthetic histories .	These isotopic fractions were measured from new high resolution ( R ~ 120,000 ) , high signal-to-noise ( S/N ~ 160-1000 ) spectra obtained with the 2dCoude spectrograph of McDonald Observatory 's 2.7m Smith telescope .	Synthetic spectra were generated using recent high-precision laboratory measurements of hyperfine and isotopic subcomponents of several transitions of these elements and matched quantitatively to the observed spectra .	We interpret our isotopic fractions by the nucleosynthesis predictions of the stellar model , which reproduces s-process nucleosynthesis from the physical conditions expected in low-mass , thermally-pulsing stars on the AGB , and the classical method , which approximates s-process nucleosynthesis by a steady neutron flux impinging upon Fe-peak seed nuclei .
+0	In this article we discuss some aspects of solar physics from the standpoint of the so-called chameleon fields ( i.e.quantum fields , typically scalar , where the mass is an increasing function of the matter density of the environment ) .	Firstly , we analyze the effects of a chameleon-induced deviation from standard gravity just below the surface of the Sun .	In particular , we develop solar models which take into account the presence of the chameleon and we show that they are inconsistent with the helioseismic data .	This inconsistency presents itself not only with the typical chameleon set-up discussed in the literature ( where the mass scale of the potential is fine-tuned to the meV ) , but also if we remove the fine-tuning on the scale of the potential .	Secondly , we point out that , in a model recently considered in the literature ( we call this model `` Modified Fujii 's Model '' ) , a conceivable interpretation of the solar oscillations is given by quantum vacuum fluctuations of a chameleon .
+3	We verify that such late-time creation indeed occurs if only a single chiral superfield is relevant , using the description of the helicity 1/2 gravitino provided recently by Kallosh et.al .	Starting with the vacuum fluctuation , it is known that gravitinos will be created just after inflation , with number density $ \sim 10^ { -2 } M^3 $ where $ M $ is the mass of the inflaton .	Here , we argue that creation may be expected to continue , maintaining about the same number density , until a usually much later epoch .	This epoch is either the `intermediate epoch ' when Hubble parameter falls below the gravitino mass , or the reheat epoch if that is earlier .	( hep-th/9907124 ) and Giudice et.al .
+0	We construct , by numerical means , static solutions of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system and investigate various features of the solutions .	This extends a previous investigation \cite { AR1 } of the chargeless case .	We study the possible shapes of the energy density profile as a function of the area radius when the electric charge of an individual particle is varied as a parameter .	We find profiles which are multi-peaked , where the peaks are separated either by vacuum or a thin atmosphere , and we find that for a sufficiently large charge parameter there are no physically meaningful solutions .	Furthermore , we investigate if the inequality \sqrt { M } \leq \frac { \sqrt { R } } { 3 } +\sqrt { \frac { R } { 9 } +\frac { Q^2 } { 3R } } , derived in \cite { An2 } , is sharp within the class of solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system .
+1	The OCR system contains a segmentation module where the text lines , words and ultimately the characters must be segmented properly for its successful recognition .	Text segmentation is an inherent part of an OCR system irrespective of the domain of application of it .	The present work implements a Hough transform based technique for line and word segmentation from digitized images .	The proposed technique is applied not only on the document image dataset but also on dataset for business card reader system and license plate recognition system .	For standardization of the performance of the system the technique is also applied on public domain dataset published in the website by CMATER , Jadavpur University .
+0	Graphene as a one-atom-thick platform for infrared metamaterial plays an important role in optical science and engineering .	Here we study the unique properties of some plasmonic waveguides based on graphene nano-ribbon .	It is found that a graphene ribbon of finite width leads to the occurrence of coupled edge mode .	The single-mode region of a single freestanding graphene ribbon is identified at a fixed frequency of 30 THz .	A low-loss waveguide structure , consisting of a graphene layer , a silica buffer layer and silicon substrate is proposed to reduce the propagation loss and obtain a high figure of merit for future integration of waveguide devices .
+2	Cross-section ratios are presented in the kinematic region 0.0001 & lt ; XBj & lt ; 0.56 and 0.1 & lt ; Q**2 & lt ; 80 GeVc .	Nuclear shadowing is observed in the per-nucleon cross-sections of positive muons on carbon , calcium and lead as compared to deuterium .	The data were taken by Fermilab experiment E665 using inelastically scattered muons of mean incident momentum 470 GeV/c .	The data are consistent with no significant nu or Q**2 dependence at fixed XBj .	As XBj decreases , the size of the shadowing effect , as well as its A dependence , are found to approach the corresponding measurements in photoproduction .
+2	Here we improve coherence in a qubit using real-time Hamiltonian parameter estimation .	Unwanted interaction between a quantum system and its fluctuating environment leads to decoherence and is the primary obstacle to establishing a scalable quantum information processing architecture .	Strategies such as environmental and materials engineering , quantum error correction and dynamical decoupling can mitigate decoherence , but generally increase experimental complexity .	Using a rapidly converging Bayesian approach , we precisely measure the splitting in a singlet-triplet spin qubit faster than the surrounding nuclear bath fluctuates .	We continuously adjust qubit control parameters based on this information , thereby improving the inhomogenously broadened coherence time ( $ T_ { 2 } ^ { * } $ ) from tens of nanoseconds to above 2 $ \mu $ s and demonstrating the effectiveness of Hamiltonian estimation in reducing the effects of correlated noise in quantum systems .
+2	Here , $ T $ is the environment temperature , and the Boltzmann constant is set to unity .	We carried out numerical experiments on a one-dimensional driven lattice gas to elucidate the statistical properties of steady states far from equilibrium .	By measuring the bulk density diffusion constant $ D $ , the conductivity $ \sigma $ , the intensity of density fluctuations $ \chi $ , we confirm that the Einstein relation $ D\chi=\sigma T $ , which is valid in the linear response regime about equilibrium , does not hold in such steady states .	Recalling that the Einstein relation provided the first step in the construction of linear response theory , we attempt to extend it to a generalized form valid in steady states far from equilibrium .	In order to obtain new relations among measurable quantities , we define a complex effective temperature $ \Theta-i\Phi $ from studying the static response of the system to a slowly varying potential in space .
+0	We present Australia Telescope Compact Array radio data of the dwarf irregular galaxy ESO 324-G024 which is seen in projection against the giant , northern lobe of the radio galaxy Centaurus A ( Cen A , NGC 5128 ) .	The distorted morphology and kinematics of ESO 324-G024 , as observed in the 21 cm spectral line emission of neutral hydrogen , indicate disruptions by external forces .	We investigate whether tidal interactions and/or ram pressure stripping are responsible for the formation of the HI tail stretching to the northeast of ESO 324-G024 with the latter being most probable .	Furthermore , we closely analyze the sub-structure of Cen A 's polarized radio lobes to ascertain whether ESO 324-G024 is located in front , within or behind the northern lobe .	Our multi-wavelength , multi-component approach allows us to determine that ESO 324-G024 is most likely behind the northern radio lobe of Cen A .
+2	Next to a more human friendly presentation , these summarizations can play a central role for semantic search engines and semantic recommender systems .	Novel research in the field of Linked Data focuses on the problem of entity summarization .	This field addresses the problem of ranking features according to their importance for the task of identifying a particular entity .	In current approaches , it has been tried to apply entity summarization based on patterns that are inherent to the regarded data .	The proposed approach of this paper focuses on the movie domain .
+2	Moreover on $ M\times S^1 $ the theory naturally reduces to the standard A-model on Calabi-Yau manifold and to a membrane theory localized on special Lagrangian submanifolds .	We construct a gauge fixed action for topological membranes on $ G_2 $ -manifold such that its bosonic part is the standard membrane theory in a particular gauge .	We prove that quantum mechanically the path-integral in this gauge localizes on associative submanifolds .	We discuss some properties of topological membrane theory on $ G_2 $ -manifolds .	We also generalize our construction to topological $ p $ -- branes on special manifolds by exploring a relation between vector cross product structures and TFTs .
+4	We investigate the dynamics of resonant pairs during a bias field sweep yielding a qualitative explanation of the memory effect .	The dielectric constant of amorphous solids at low temperatures is governed by the dynamics of tunneling systems , small groups of atoms which tunnel between quasi equivalent potential minima .	Recent experiments showed that at temperatures below 20 mK various glasses exhibit memory for a previously applied electric bias field .	A first sweep of an electric bias field may prepare resonant pairs of tunneling systems , which are temporarily formed during the sweep , in metastable states .	In subsequent sweeps the same resonant pairs thus significantly contribute to the dielectric constant , leading to a higher dielectric constant .
+2	Using practically acceptable data corresponding to the already known world of nanotechnology and based on reasonable/reliable numerical estimates , the period of oscillation for the pendulum is computed .	We want to introduce an atomic pendulum whose driving force ( torque ) is due to the quantum vacuum fluctuations .	Applying the well-known Casimir-Polder effect to a special configuration ( a combined structure of an atomic nanostring and a conducting plate ) , an atomic pendulum ( Casimir atomic pendulum ) is designed .	This pendulum can be considered as both a new Micro ( Nano ) -Eelectromechanical system and a new simple vacuum machine .	Its design may be considered as a first step towards realizing the visualized vacuum ( Casimir ) clock !
+3	A Task System and Item Architecture ( TSIA ) provides an application with a transparent reliable , distributed , heterogeneous , adaptive , dynamic , real-time , interactive , parallel , secure or other execution .	After compilers and operating systems , TSIAs are the third advance in application support .	A compiler supports a high level application definition in a programming language .	An operating system supports a high level interface to the resources used by an application execution .	In addition to supporting the application execution , a TSIA also supports the application definition .
+4	The $ r $ -type seam admits an arbitrary boundary field which we fix to the special value $ \xi=-\tfrac { \lambda } { 2 } $ where $ \lambda=\frac { ( p'-p ) \pi } { 2p ' } $ is the crossing parameter .	We consider general logarithmic minimal models $ { \cal LM } ( p , p ' ) $ , with $ p , p ' $ coprime , on a strip of $ N $ columns with the $ ( r , s ) $ Robin boundary conditions introduced by Pearce , Rasmussen and Tipunin .	The associated conformal boundary conditions are labelled by the Kac labels $ r\in { \Bbb Z } $ and $ s\in { \Bbb N } $ .	The Robin vacuum boundary condition , labelled by $ ( r , s\ ! -\ ! \frac { 1 } { 2 } ) = ( 0 , \mbox { $ \textstyle \frac { 1 } { 2 } $ } ) $ , is given as a linear combination of Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions .	The general $ ( r , s ) $ Robin boundary conditions are constructed , using fusion , by acting on the Robin vacuum boundary with an $ ( r , s ) $ -type seam consisting of an $ r $ -type seam of width $ w $ columns and an $ s $ -type seam of width $ d=s-1 $ columns .
+3	We focus on nanowires exhibiting \textit { p } -wave superconductivity as well as Rashba semiconductor nanowires in proximity to a conventional superconductor , and obtain analytical formulas for topological transitions in these wires , valid for generic realizations of disorder , generalizing earlier results .	In this work , we investigate the effect of disorder on the topological properties of multichannel superconductor nanowires .	While the standard expectation is that the spectral gap is closed and opened at transitions changing the topological property of the ground state , we show that the closing and opening of a \textit { transport } gap can also cause topological transitions , even in the presence of ( localized ) states at both sides of the transition .	Such transport gaps , induced by disorder , can thus change the topological index , driving a topologically trivial wire into a nontrivial state .	Full tight-binding simulations show excellent agreement with our analytical results without any fitting parameters .
+0	( Abridged ) We measure and analyze the energy , momentum , and mass feedback efficiencies due to radiation from AGN in relatively large scale outflows .	Our measurements are based on the axisymmetric and time-dependent radiation-hydrodynamical simulations recently presented in Kurosawa & amp ; Proga .	These simulations follow dynamics of gas under the influences of the AGN radiation and the gravity of the central 10^8 Msun black hole on scales from ~0.01 to ~10pc .	We compare our Mdot_a-rho_o relation with that predicted by the Bondi accretion model .	For high luminosities comparable to the Eddington limit , the power-law fit ( Mdot_a ~ rho_o^q ) to our models yields q=~0.5 instead of q=1.0 which is predicted by the Bondi model .
+1	It has observed more than 250 GRBs so far .	The HETE-2 mission has been highly productive .	It is currently localizing 25 - 30 GRBs per year , and has localized 43 GRBs to date .	Twenty-one of these localizations have led to the detection of X-ray , optical , or radio afterglows , and as of now , 11 of the bursts with afterglows have redshift determinations .	HETE-2 has also observed more than 45 bursts from soft gamma-ray repeaters , and more than 700 X-ray bursts .
+4	In the case of the planar diagram algebras , our construction exactly produces the irreducible representations of the algebra .	A Gelfand model for a semisimple algebra A over C is a complex linear representation that contains each irreducible representation of A with multiplicity exactly one .	We give a method of constructing these models that works uniformly for a large class of semisimple , combinatorial diagram algebras including : the partition , Brauer , rook monoid , rook-Brauer , Temperley-Lieb , Motzkin , and planar rook monoid algebras .	In each case , the model representation is given by diagrams acting via `` signed conjugation '' on the linear span of their vertically symmetric diagrams .	This representation is a generalization of the Saxl model for the symmetric group , and , in fact , our method is to use the Jones basic construction to lift the Saxl model from the symmetric group to each diagram algebra .
+2	Here the analogous isosystolic defect term depends on the metric and `` measures '' its deviation from being flat .	We analyze the probabilistic variance of a solution of Liouville 's equation for curvature , given suitable bounds on the Gaussian curvature .	The related systolic geometry was recently studied by Horowitz , Katz , and Katz , where we obtained a strengthening of Loewner 's torus inequality containing a `` defect term '' , similar to Bonnesen 's strengthening of the isoperimetric inequality .	Namely , the defect is the variance of the function f which appears as the conformal factor expressing the metric on the torus as f^2 ( x , y ) ( dx^2+dy^2 ) , in terms of the flat unit-area metric in its conformal class .	A key tool turns out to be the computational formula for probabilistic variance , which is a kind of a sharpened version of the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality .
+3	In the parameter plane we focus on the capture behaviour , i.e. , \lambda values such that the critical point belongs to the basin of attraction of z=0 .	We consider the family of entire transcendental maps given by $ F_ { \lambda , m } = \lambda z^m exp ( z ) $ where m & gt ; =2 .	All functions $ F_ { \lambda , m } $ have a superattracting fixed point at z=0 , and a critical point at z=-m .	In the dynamical plane we study the topology of the basin of attraction of z=0 .	In particular , we find a capture zone for which this basin has a unique connected component , whose boundary is then non-locally connected .
+4	We compare our procedure to the ( different ) common practice of spherically averaging the self-consistent potential .	The density of an atom in a state of well-defined angular momentum has a specific finite spherical harmonic content , without and with interactions .	Approximate single-particle schemes , such as the Hartree , Hartree-Fock , and Local Density Approximations , generally violate this feature .	We analyze , by means of perturbation theory , the degree of this violation and show that it is small .	The correct symmetry of the density can be assured by a constrained-search formulation without significantly altering the calculated energies .
+1	We quantify the impact of baryonic physics using a set of three cosmological numerical simulations .	We study the importance of baryonic physics on predictions of the matter power spectrum as it is relevant for forthcoming weak lensing surveys .	Each simulation has the same initial density field , but models a different set of physical processes .	The first simulation evolves the density field using gravity alone , the second includes non-radiative gasdynamics , and the third includes radiative heating and cooling of baryons , star formation , and supernova feedback .	We find that baryonic processes alter predictions for the matter power spectrum significantly relative to models that include only gravitational interactions .
+3	Rendering methods for such N-body simulation data usually employ some kind of splatting approach via point based rendering primitives and approximate the spatial distributions of physical quantities using kernel interpolation techniques , common in SPH ( Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics ) -codes .	In the last decades cosmological N-body dark matter simulations have enabled ab initio studies of the formation of structure in the Universe .	Gravity amplified small density fluctuations generated shortly after the Big Bang , leading to the formation of galaxies in the cosmic web .	These calculations have led to a growing demand for methods to analyze time-dependent particle based simulations .	This paper proposes three GPU-assisted rendering approaches , based on a new , more accurate method to compute the physical densities of dark matter simulation data .
+0	Cellular Automata ( CA ) are discrete dynamical systems and an abstract model of parallel computation .	The limit set of a cellular automaton is its maximal topological attractor .	A well know result , due to Kari , says that all nontrivial properties of limit sets are undecidable .	In this paper we consider properties of limit set dynamics , i.e.properties of the dynamics of Cellular Automata restricted to their limit sets .	There can be no equivalent of Kari 's Theorem for limit set dynamics .
+2	These electrons are mostly scattered at the small angles to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave .	The relations among the components of the exit momenta of ultrarelativistic electrons scattered on a strong electromagnetic wave of a low ( optical ) frequency and linear polarization are established using the exact solutions to the equations of motion with radiation reaction included ( the Landau-Lifshitz equation ) .	It is found that the momentum components of the electrons traversed the electromagnetic wave depend weakly on the initial values of the momenta .	The maximum Lorentz factor of the electrons crossed the electromagnetic wave is proportional to the work done by the electromagnetic field and is independent of the initial momenta .	The momentum component parallel to the electric field strength vector of the electromagnetic wave is determined only by the diameter of the laser beam measured in the units of the classical electron radius .
+2	The proposed model couples the Ohta-Kawasaki functional with Maxwell equation of electrostatics , thus alleviating the need for any approximate solution used in previous studies .	In the present work , we study morphologies arising due to competing substrate interaction , electric field and confinement effects on a symmetric diblock copolymer .	We employ a coarse grained non-local Cahn-Hilliard phenomenological model taking into account the appropriate contributions of substrate interaction and electrostatic field .	We calculate the phase diagram in electric field-substrate strength space for different film thicknesses .	In addition to identifying the presence of parallel , perpendicular and mixed lamellae phases similar to analytical calculations , we also find a region in the phase diagram where hybrid morphologies ( combination of two phases ) coexist .
+4	The Lorenz and Coulomb gauges are special cases of the v-gauge .	The main purposes of this paper are ( i ) to illustrate explicitly by a number of examples the gauge functions chi ( x , t ) whose spatial and temporal derivatives transform one set of electromagnetic potentials into another equivalent set ; and ( ii ) to show that , whatever propagation or non-propagation characteristics are exhibited by the potentials in a particular gauge , the electric and magnetic fields are always the same and display the experimentally verified properties of causality and propagation at the speed of light .	The example of the transformation from the Lorenz gauge ( retarded solutions for both scalar and vector potential ) to the Coulomb gauge ( instantaneous , action-at-a-distance , scalar potential ) is treated in detail .	A transparent expression is obtained for the vector potential in the Coulomb gauge , with a finite nonlocality in time replacing the expected spatial nonlocality of the transverse current .	A class of gauges ( v-gauge ) is described in which the scalar potential propagates at an arbitrary speed v relative to the speed of light .
+1	One fundamental ingredient of these developments has been the understanding of singular affine structures .	This paper explains the recent developments on the symplectic theory of Hamiltonian completely integrable systems on symplectic 4-manifolds , compact or not .	These developments make use of results obtained by many authors in the second half of the twentieth century , notably Arnold , Duistermaat and Eliasson , of which we also give a concise survey .	As a motivation , we present a collection of remarkable results proven in the early and mid 1980s in the theory of Hamiltonian Lie group actions by Atiyah , Guillemin-Sternberg and Delzant among others , and which inspired many people , including the authors , to work on more general Hamiltonian systems .	The paper concludes discussing a spectral conjecture for quantum integrable systems .
+0	In this work we study the statistical and thermodynamic properties of the horizon fluid corresponding to the Boulware-Deser ( BD ) black hole of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet ( EGB ) gravity .	Using mean field theory , we show explicitly that the BD fluid exhibits the coexistence of two phases , a BEC and a non-condensed phase corresponding to the Einstein term and the Gauss-Bonnet term in the gravity action , respectively .	In the fluid description , the high-energy corrections associated to Gauss-Bonnet gravity are modeled as excitations of the fluid medium .	We provide statistical modeling of the excited part of the fluid and explicitly show that it is characterized by a generalized dispersion relation which in $ D=6 $ dimensions corresponds to a non-relativistic fluid .	We also shed light on the ambiguity found in the literature regarding the expression of the entropy of the horizon fluid .
+1	It has been used to explore a variety of intriguing phenomena in recent experiments .	Tunability of effective two body interactions near Feshbach resonances is a powerful experimental tool in systems of ultracold atoms .	However not all of the many-body properties of such systems can be understood in terms of effective models with contact interaction given by the scattering length of the two particles in vacuum .	For example , when a two component Fermi mixture is quenched to the BEC side of the Feshbach resonance , a positive scattering length suggests that interactions are repulsive and thus collective dynamics should be dominated by the Stoner instability toward a spin polarized ferromagnetic state .	On the other hand , existence of low energy two particle bound states suggests a competing instability driven by molecule formation .
+3	This generative model approach allows us to rigorously estimate the degree to which interactions that involve parasites are statistically distinguishable from interactions among free-living species , whether parasite niches behave similarly to free-living niches , and the degree to which existing hypotheses about food web structure are naturally recovered .	Food webs represent the set of consumer-resource interactions among a set of species that co-occur in a habitat , but most food web studies have omitted parasites and their interactions .	Recent studies have provided conflicting evidence on whether including parasites changes food web structure , with some suggesting that parasitic interactions are structurally distinct from those among free-living species while others claim the opposite .	Here , we describe a principled method for understanding food web structure that combines an efficient optimization algorithm from statistical physics called parallel tempering with a probabilistic generalization of the empirically well-supported food web niche model .	We apply this method to the well-studied Flensburg Fjord food web and show that while predation on parasites , concomitant predation of parasites , and parasitic intraguild trophic interactions are largely indistinguishable from free-living predation interactions , parasite-host interactions are different .
+0	Let ( L , \preccurlyeq ) be a finite distributive lattice , and suppose that the functions f_1 , f_2 : L\to R are monotone increasing with respect to the partial order \preccurlyeq .	Given \mu a probability measure on L , denote by E ( f_i ) the average of f_i over L with respect to \mu , i=1,2 .	Then the FKG inequality provides a condition on the measure \mu under which the covariance , Cov ( f_1 , f_2 ) : =E ( f_1f_2 ) -E ( f_1 ) E ( f_2 ) , is nonnegative .	In this paper we derive a `` third-order '' generalization of the FKG inequality .	We also establish fourth- and fifth-order generalizations of the FKG inequality and formulate a conjecture for a general mth-order generalization .
+4	OH 231.8+4.2 is slightly more polarised on average than CRL 618 with a mean fractional polarisation of 4.3 and 0.3 per cent , respectively .	We have carried out continuum and line polarisation observations of two Proto-planetary nebulae ( PPNe ) , CRL 618 and OH 231.8+4.2 , using the Submillimeter Array ( SMA ) in its compact configuration .	The frequency range of observations , 330-345 GHz , includes the CO ( J=3-2 ) line emission .	CRL 618 and OH 231.8+4.2 show quadrupolar and bipolar optical lobes , respectively , surrounded by a dusty envelope reminiscent of their AGB phase .	We report a detection of dust continuum polarised emission in both PPNe above 4 sigma but no molecular line polarisation detection above a 3 sigma limit .
+2	Advanced regularized iterative methods , such as total variation minimization , are often able to achieve a higher reconstruction quality by exploiting prior knowledge about the scanned object .	In many applications of tomography , the acquired projections are either limited in number or contain a significant amount of noise .	In these cases , standard reconstruction methods tend to produce artifacts that can make further analysis difficult .	In practice , however , these methods often have prohibitively long computation times or large memory requirements .	Furthermore , since they are based on minimizing a global objective function , regularized iterative methods need to reconstruct the entire scanned object , even when one is only interested in a ( small ) region of the reconstructed image .
+4	One puzzle is that predicted values for the external shear at lens galaxies are far below the values obtained by modeling of strong lensing data .	Using measured tangential shear profiles and number counts of massive elliptical galaxies , the halo occupation distribution of strong lensing galaxies is constrained .	The resulting HOD is then used to populate an N-body simulation with lens galaxies , in order to assess the importance of environment for strong lensing systems .	Typical estimated values for the convergence and shear produced by nearby correlated matter are kappa = gamma = 0.03 , with much stronger events occurring relatively infrequently .	This implies that estimates of quantities like the Hubble constant are not expected to be significantly biased by environmental effects .
+3	Ionization depends not only on the initial electron energy , but also on the phase-space position of the electron with respect to the turnstile -- - that part of the electron packet inside the turnstile ionizes after the applied ionization sequence , while that part outside the turnstile does not .	We present an experimental and theoretical study of the chaotic ionization of quasi-one-dimensional potassium Rydberg wavepackets via a phase-space turnstile mechanism .	Turnstiles form a general transport mechanism for numerous chaotic systems , and this study explicitly illuminates their relevance to atomic ionization .	We create time-dependent Rydberg wavepackets , subject them to alternating applied electric-field `` kicks '' , and measure the electron survival probability .	The survival data thus encode information on the geometry and location of the turnstile , and are in good agreement with theoretical predictions .
+3	We add a localized perturbation assuming that it produces two negative isolated eigenvalues being the two lowest spectral values of the resulting perturbed operator .	We consider a second order self-adjoint operator in a domain which can be bounded or unbounded .	The boundary is partitioned into two parts with Dirichlet boundary condition on one of them , and Neumann condition on the other .	We assume that the potential part of this operator is non-negative .	The main result is a lower bound on the gap between these two eigenvalues .
+2	He also conjectured that a certain set of invariants was a generating set with a proof in the case $ p=2 $ .	In this paper , we study the vector invariants , $ { \bf { F } } [ m V_2 ] ^ { C_p } $ , of the 2-dimensional indecomposable representation $ V_2 $ of the cylic group , $ C_p $ , of order $ p $ over a field $ { \bf { F } } $ of characteristic $ p $ .	This ring of invariants was first studied by David Richman \cite { richman } who showed that this ring required a generator of degree $ m ( p-1 ) $ , thus demonstrating that the result of Noether in characteristic 0 ( that the ring of invariants of a finite group is always generated in degrees less than or equal to the order of the group ) does not extend to the modular case .	This conjecture was proved by Campbell and Hughes in \cite { campbell-hughes } .	Later , Shank and Wehlau in \cite { cmipg } determined which elements in Richman 's generating set were redundant thereby producing a minimal generating set .
+3	We have extracted the individual loss contributions from the dielectrics in the tunnel junction barrier , AlOx , the isolating dielectric , SiNx , and the substrate , Si/SiO2 , by weighing the total loss with the parts of electric field over the different dielectric materials .	We have measured the excited state lifetimes in Josephson junction phase and transmon qubits , all of which were fabricated with the same scalable multi-layer process .	We have compared the lifetimes of phase qubits before and after removal of the isolating dielectric , SiNx , and find a four-fold improvement of the relaxation time after the removal .	Together with the results from the transmon qubit and measurements on coplanar waveguide resonators , these measurements indicate that the lifetimes are limited by losses from the dielectric constituents of the qubits .	Our results agree well and complement the findings from other studies , demonstrating that superconducting qubits can be used as a reliable tool for high-frequency characterization of dielectric materials .
+4	Furthermore , we show how to associate a higher Kirillov algebroid and a homotopy BV-algebra with every higher Kirillov manifold .	We present the notion of higher Kirillov brackets on the sections of an even line bundle over a supermanifold .	When the line bundle is trivial we shall speak of higher Jacobi brackets .	These brackets are understood furnishing the module of sections with an $ L_ { \infty } $ -algebra , which we refer to as a homotopy Kirillov algebra .	We are then to higher Kirillov algebroids as higher generalisations of Jacobi algebroids .
+3	BCDs appear offset from the Schmidt-Kennicutt ( SK ) law , showing extremely low ( $ \lesssim $ 0.1 Gyr ) H2 and H2+HI depletion timescales .	We study the molecular content and the star formation efficiency of 21 Blue Compact Dwarfs ( BCDs ) .	We present CO ( 1-0 ) and ( 2-1 ) observations , further supplemented with additional CO measurements and multiwavelength ancillary data from the literature .	We find the CO luminosity to be correlated with the stellar and HI masses , SFR tracers , the size of the starburst and its metallicity .	The departure from the SK law is smaller when considering H2+HI rather than H2 only , and is larger for BCDs with lower metallicity and higher specific SFR .
+1	We focus on the mass of scalar fields around the maximally supersymmetric vacuum of the gauged $ \mathcal { N } =8 $ supergravity in four dimensions , $ m^ { 2 } =-2l^ { -2 } $ .	We consider the linear stability of $ 4 $ -dimensional hairy black holes with mixed boundary conditions in Anti-de Sitter spacetime .	It is shown that the Schr\ '' { o } dinger operator on the half-line , governing the $ S^ { 2 } $ , $ H^ { 2 } $ or $ \mathbb { R } ^ { 2 } $ invariant mode around the hairy black hole , allows for non-trivial self-adjoint extensions and each of them correspons to a class of mixed boundary conditions in the gravitational theory .	Discarding the self-adjoint extensions with a negative mode impose a restriction on these boundary conditions .	The restriction is given in terms of an integral of the potential in the Schr\ '' { o } dinger operator resembling the estimate of Simon for Schr\ '' { o } dinger operators on the real line .
+3	Our data also suggests that the CO cloud population has little or no extended CO envelope on scales & lt ; 30 pc , further evidence that the weak CO component in the north SMC is being disassociated by penetrating UV radiation .	We present here the first results from a high-resolution survey of the 12CO ( J=1-0 ) emission across the northern part of the poorly-enriched Small Magellanic Cloud , made with the ATNF Mopra telescope .	Three molecular complexes detected in the lower resolution NANTEN survey are mapped with a beam FWHM of ~42 '' , to sensitivities of approximately 210 mK per 0.9 km/s channel , resolving each complex into 4-7 small clouds of masses in the range of Mvir~10^3-4 Msol and with radii no larger than 16 pc .	The northern SMC CO clouds follow similar empirical relationships to the southern SMC population , yet they appear relatively under-luminous for their size , suggesting that the star-forming environment in the SMC is not homogeneous .	The new high-resolution data provide evidence for a variable correlation of the CO integrated brightness with integrated HI and um emission ; in particular CO is often , but not always , found coincident with peaks of um emission , verifying the need for matching-resolution um and HI data for a complete assessment of the SMC H2 mass .
+2	Methods : We compiled ground-based photometric optical/NIR and millimeter data from several observatories , including the multi-channel imager GROND , as well as ultraviolet \swift UVOT and X-ray XRT observations .	Aims : The AGILE gamma-ray burst GRB 080514B is the first burst with detected emission above 30 MeV and an optical afterglow .	However , no spectroscopic redshift for this burst is known .	The spectral energy distribution of the optical/NIR afterglow shows a sharp drop in the \swift UVOT UV filters that can be utilized for the estimation of a redshift .	Results : Fitting the SED from the \swift UVOT $ uvw2 $ band to the $ H $ band , we estimate a photometric redshift of $ z=1.8^ { +0.4 } _ { -0.3 } $ , consistent with the pseudo redshift reported by Pelangeon & amp ; Atteia ( 2008 ) based on the gamma-ray data .
+0	This note is aimed at simplifying current literature about compactness estimates for the Kohn-Laplacian on CR manifolds .	The approach consists in a tangential basic estimate in the formulation given by the first author in \cite { Kh10 } which refines former work by Nicoara \cite { N06 } .	It has been proved by Raich \cite { R10 } that on a CR manifold of dimension $ 2n-1 $ which is compact pseudoconvex of hypersurface type embedded in $ \C^n $ and orientable , the property named `` $ ( CR-P_q ) $ '' for $ 1\leq q\leq \frac { n-1 } 2 $ , a generalization of the one introduced by Catlin in \cite { C84 } , implies compactness estimates for the Kohn-Laplacian $ \Box_b $ in degree $ k $ for any $ k $ satisfying $ q\leq k\leq n-1-q $ .	The same result is stated by Straube in \cite { S10 } without the assumption of orientability .	We regain these results by a simplified method and extend the conclusions in two directions .
+3	At random each of the nodes then updates its state towards the state of the other node ( attraction ) , away from the other node ( repulsion ) , or sticks to its current state ( neglect ) .	The dynamics of an agreement protocol interacting with a disagreement process over a common random network is considered .	The model can represent the spreading of true and false information over a communication network , the propagation of faults in a large-scale control system , or the development of trust and mistrust in a society .	At each time instance and with a given probability , a pair of network nodes are selected to interact .	Agreement convergence and disagreement divergence results are obtained for various strengths of the updates for both symmetric and asymmetric update rules .
+3	In the latter case , distortion of the crystal perpendicular to the ( 111 ) axis is predicted .	The nature of multiple electronic orders in skutterudite PrFe_4P_ { 12 } is discussed on the basis of a model with antiferro-quadrupole ( AFQ ) interaction of \Gamma_3 symmetry .	The high-field phase can be reproduced qualitatively provided ( i ) ferro-type interactions are introduced between the dipoles as well as between the octupoles of localized f-electrons , and ( ii ) separation is vanishingly small between the \Gamma_1-\Gamma_4^ { ( 1 ) } crystalline electric field ( CEF ) levels .	The high-field phase can have either the same ordering vector q= ( 1,0,0 ) as in the low-field phase , or a different one q=0 depending on the parameters .	The corresponding anomaly in elastic constants should also appear .
+4	The effective bipolar doping of single-layer phosphorene via molecular adsorption predicted above , especially n-doping against its native p-doping propensity , would broaden the way to the application of this new type of two-dimensional material in nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices .	Density functional theory calculations have been carried out to investigate single-layer phosphorene functionalized with two kinds of organic molecules , i.e.an electrophilic molecule tetracyano-p-quinodimethane ( TCNQ ) as electron acceptor and a nucleophilic molecule tetrathia-fulvalene ( TTF ) as electron donor .	The TCNQ molecule introduces shallow acceptor states in the gap of phosphorene close to the valence band edge ( VBE ) , which makes the doped system a p-type semiconductor .	However , when the TTF molecule is adsorbed on the phosphorene , the occupied molecular states introduced into the gap are of deep donor states so that effective n-doping for transport can not be realized .	This disadvantageous situation can be amended by applying an external electric field perpendicular to the phosphorene surface with direction from the phosphorene to the TTF molecule , under which the TTF-introduced donor states move closer to conduction band edge ( CBE ) of the phosphorene and then the TTF-doped phosphorene system becomes an n-type semiconductor .
+2	We compare our results with the observations taken in a quiet region near the solar limb .	The Sc II 4247 A line formed in the chromosphere is one of the lines well known , like the Na I D_2 and Ba II D_2 , for its prominent triple peak structure in Q/I and the underlying quantum interference effects governing it .	In this paper , we try to study the nature of this triple peak structure using the theory of F-state interference including the effects of partial frequency redistribution ( PRD ) and radiative transfer ( RT ) .	In spite of accounting for PRD and RT effects it has not been possible to reproduce the observed triple peak structure in Q/I .	While the two wing PRD peaks ( on either side of central peak ) and the near wing continuum can be reproduced , the central peak is completely suppressed by the enhanced depolarization resulting from the hyperfine structure splitting .
+1	Some researchers studied the Braess ' paradox in similar type networks by introducing various types of cost functions .	Braess \cite { 1 } has been studied about a traffic flow on a diamond type network and found that introducing new edges to the networks always does not achieve the efficiency .	But whether such paradox occurs or not is not scarcely studied in complex networks except for Dorogovtsev-Mendes network\cite { 2 } .	In this article , we study the paradox on Ladder type networks , as the first step to the research about Braess ' paradox on Watts and Strogatz type small world network\cite { Watt1 } \cite { Watt2 } .	% We theoretically and numerically studied Braess ' paradox on Ladder networks .
+2	We design the { \em NZF ( Non-Zeno Fairness ) predicate } , with a greatest fixpoint formulation , as a unified framework for the evaluation of formulas like $ \exists\pfrr\eta_1 $ , $ \exists\pfrr\pevt\eta_1 $ , and $ \exists\pevt\pfrr\eta_1 $ .	Techniques for the efficient successive under-approximation of the greatest fixpoint in TCTL formulas can be useful in fast refutation of inevitability properties and vacuity checking .	We first give an integrated algorithmic framework for both under and over-approximate model-checking .	We then prove the correctness of a new formulation for the characterization of the NZF predicate based on zone search and the least fixpoint evaluation .	The new formulation then leads to the design of an evaluation algorithm , with the capability of successive under-approximation , for $ \exists\pfrr\eta_1 $ , $ \exists\pfrr\pevt\eta_1 $ , and $ \exists\pevt\pfrr\eta_1 $ .
+3	In order to take advantage of this fact a dedicated sampling front-end electronics which enables to sample signals in voltage domain with the time precision of about 20 ps and novel reconstruction method based on the comparison of examined signal with the model signals stored in the library has been developed .	The J-PET detector being developed at Jagiellonian University , is a Positron Emission Tomograph composed of the long strips of polymer scintillators .	At the same time it is a detector system which will be used for studies of the decays of positronium atoms .	The shape of photomultiplier signals depends on the hit-time and hit-position of the gamma quantum .	As a measure of the similarity we use the Mahalanobis distance .
+2	Numerical simulations have shown that tidal tails formed during gas-rich major mergers are long-lived and could be responsible for old stellar streams and likely induce the formation of tidal dwarf galaxies ( TDGs ) .	The Local Group is often seen to be a quiescent environment without significant merger events .	However an ancient major merger may have occurred in the most massive galaxy .	Using several hydrodynamical simulations we have investigated the most prominent tidal tail formed during the first passage , which is gas-rich and contains old and metal poor stars .	We discovered several striking coincidences after comparing its location and motion to those of the Milky Way ( MW ) and of the Magellanic Clouds ( MCs ) .
+2	There are many advantages of treating variable selection as a graphical model , such as it is easy to employ the single site updating as well as the cluster updating algorithm , suitable for problems with small sample size and larger variable number , easy to extend to nonparametric regression models and incorporate graphical prior information and so on .	In recent years , Ising prior with the network information for the `` in '' or `` out '' binary random variable in Bayesian variable selections has received more and more attentions .	In this paper , we discover that even without the informative prior a Bayesian variable selection problem itself can be considered as a complete graph and described by a Ising model with random interactions .	In a Bayesian variable selection Ising model the interactions are determined by the linear model coefficients , so we systematically study the performance of different scale normal mixture priors for the model coefficients by adopting the global-local shrinkage strategy .	Our results prove that the best prior of the model coefficients in terms of variable selection should maintain substantial weight on small shrinkage instead of large shrinkage .
+1	A wide p_T range is covered by measurements of nearly-real virtual photons ( 1 & lt ; p_T & lt ; 6 GeV/c ) and real photons ( 5 & lt ; p_T & lt ; 16 GeV/c ) .	Direct photons have been measured in sqrt ( s_NN ) =200 GeV d+Au collisions at midrapidity .	The invariant yield of the direct photons in d+Au collisions over the scaled p+p cross section is consistent with unity .	Theoretical calculations assuming standard cold nuclear matter effects describe the data well for the entire p_T range .	This indicates that the large enhancement of direct photons observed in Au+Au collisions for 1.0 & lt ; p_T & lt ; 2.5 GeV/c is due to a source other than the initial-state nuclear effects .
+4	Searches covered include : the standard model ( SM ) Higgs boson ( including sensitivity projections ) , the neutral Higgs bosons in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model ( MSSM ) , charged Higgs bosons and extended Higgs models , supersymmetric decays that conserve or violate R-parity , gauge-mediated supersymmetric breaking models , long-lived particles , leptoquarks , compositeness , extra gauge bosons , extra dimensions , and finally signature-based searches .	The energy frontier is currently at the Fermilab Tevatron accelerator , which collides protons and antiprotons at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV .	The luminosity delivered to the CDF and D0 experiments has now surpassed the 4 fb-1 .	This paper reviews the most recent direct searches for Higgs bosons and beyond-the-standard-model ( BSM ) physics at the Tevatron .	The results reported correspond to an integrated luminosity of up to 2.5 fb-1 of Run II data collected by the two Collaborations .
+1	Generically these are topological membrane models , and we show that the fluxes are related to deformations of the Courant bracket which generalize the twist by a closed 3-from $ H $ , in the sense that satisfying the AKSZ master equation implies the integrability conditions for an almost generalized complex structure with respect to the deformed Courant bracket .	We study deformations of the A-model in the presence of fluxes , by which we mean rank-three tensors with antisymmetrized upper/lower indices , using the AKSZ construction .	In addition , the master equation imposes conditions on the fluxes that generalize $ dH=0 $ .	The membrane model can be defined on a large class of $ U ( m ) $ - and $ U ( m ) \times U ( m ) $ -structure manifolds , including geometries inspired by $ ( 1,1 ) $ supersymmetric $ \sigma $ -models with additional supersymmetries due to almost complex ( but not necessarily complex ) structures in the target space .	Furthermore , we show that the model can be defined on three particular half-flat manifolds related to the Iwasawa manifold .
+2	According to the last results of the numerical modelling a fraction of the field lines with such geometrical shape apparently exist in the pulsar magnetosphere close to the last closed field line .	Acceleration of bulk motion of plasma due to magneto centrifugal mechanism is investigated for different shapes of the field lines of 3-D magnetic field .	It is shown that this mechanism can be efficient provided that the field line is twisted into direction of rotation .	In this case the Lorentz factor $ \gamma $ increases with the radius $ r $ along these field lines as $ \gamma\sim ( 1- ( r\Omega/c ) ^2 ) ^ { -1 } $ , where $ \Omega $ - angular velocity of the pulsar rotation .	The magneto centrifugal mechanism provides acceleration of the electrons to the energy which is sufficient to explain the observed VHE pulsed $ \gamma $ -rays from Crab pulsar .
+0	A nonstandard system of differential equations describing two-species phase segregation is considered .	This system naturally arises in the asymptotic analysis recently done by Colli , Gilardi , Krejci and Sprekels as the diffusion coefficient in the equation governing the evolution of the order parameter tends to zero .	In particular , a well-posedness result is proved for the limit system .	This paper deals with the above limit problem in a less general but still very significant framework and provides a very simple proof of further regularity for the solution .	As a byproduct , a simple uniqueness proof is given as well .
+3	Here show that this model is capable of generating the data that can be interpreted as results of a single collision event .	We propose a method for simulating a single realization of a collision of two Bose -- Einstein condensates .	Recently in Zi\ ' { n } { \it et al . } ( Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 94 } , 200401 ( 2005 ) ) we introduced a quantum model of an incoherent elastic scattering in a collision of two counter-propagating atomic Gaussian wavepackets .	We find a range of parameters , including relative velocity , population and the size of colliding condensates , where the structure of hallo of scattered atoms in a single realization strongly differs from that averaged over many realizations .
+1	A 4-geon model of an elementary particle is proposed which is asymptotically flat , particle-like and has a non-trivial causal structure .	It is shown that certain structures in classical General Relativity can give rise to non-classical logic , normally associated with Quantum Mechanics .	The usual Cauchy data are no longer sufficient to determine a unique evolution .	The measurement apparatus itself can impose non-redundant boundary conditions .	Measurements of such an object would fail to satisfy the distributive law of classical physics .
+1	In classical approach the problem of complex equilibrium is solved by minimization of the system Gibbs ' free energy subject to logistic constraints .	The goal of the paper is to derive a revised condition of global equilibrium in complex chemical systems as variational principle in formalism of recently developed discrete thermodynamics ( DTD ) of chemical equilibria .	DTD demands any isolated system to comprise smaller subentities , which individual equilibria are based on the balance of internal and external thermodynamic forces , acting against them .	The internal forces are equal to the subsystems thermodynamic affinities , while external forces originate from subsystems mutual interactions .	Those interactions impose additional constraints on the mother system Gibbs ' free energy minimum .
+0	The Progressive Edge Growth ( PEG ) algorithm is one of the most widely-used method for constructing finite length LDPC codes .	In this paper we consider the PEG algorithm together with a scheduling distribution , which specifies the order in which edges are established in the graph .	The goal is to find a scheduling distribution that yields `` the best '' performance in terms of decoding overhead , performance metric specific to erasure codes and widely used for upper-layer forward error correction ( UL-FEC ) .	We rigorously formulate this optimization problem , and we show that it can be addressed by using genetic optimization algorithms .	We also exhibit PEG codes with optimized scheduling distribution , whose decoding overhead is less than half of the decoding overhead of their classical-PEG counterparts .
+4	To explain this phenomenon , he uses a representation in the phase plane and shows that its evolution takes the form of small cycles .	In 1893 , the `` physicist-engineer '' Andr\'e Blondel invents the oscilloscope for displaying voltage and current variables .	With this powerful means of investigation , he first studies the phenomena of the arc then used for the coastal and urban lighting and then , the singing arc used as a transmitter of radio waves in wireless telegraphy .	In 1905 , he highlights a new type of non-sinusoidal oscillations in the singing arc .	Twenty years later , Balthasar van der Pol will recognize that such oscillations were in fact `` relaxation oscillations '' .
+2	With the current experimental data of the branching ratios , the direct CP and the isospin asymmetries , bounds on the coupling $ \kappa_ { tcR } ^ { \gamma } $ from $ B\to K^*\gamma $ and $ \kappa_ { tuR } ^ { \gamma } $ from $ B\to \rho\gamma $ decays are derived , respectively .	The top-quark FCNC processes will be searched for at the CERN LHC , which are correlated with the B-meson decays .	In this paper , we study the effects of top-quark anomalous interactions $ tq\gamma $ in the exclusive radiative $ B\to K^*\gamma $ and $ B\to\rho\gamma $ decays .	The bound on $ |\kappa_ { tcR } ^ { \gamma } | $ from $ { \mathcal B } ( B\to K^ { * } \gamma ) $ is generally compatible with that from $ { \mathcal B } ( B\to X_ { s } \gamma ) $ .	However , the isospin asymmetry $ \Delta ( K^ { * } \gamma ) $ further restrict the phase of $ \kappa_ { tcR } ^ { \gamma } $ , and the combined bound results in the upper limit , $ \mathcal B ( t\to c\gamma ) & lt ; 0.21 % $ , which is lower than the CDF result .
+0	We report synthesis , structure , electrical transport and heat capacity of SmFeAsO .	The title compound is synthesized by one-step encapsulation of stoichiometric FeAs , Sm , and Sm2O3 in an evacuated ( 10-5 Torr ) quartz tube by prolong ( 72 hours ) annealing at 1100oC .	The as synthesized compound is crystallized in tetragonal structure with P4/nmm space group having lattice parameters a = 3.93726 ( 33 ) A and c = 8.49802 ( 07 ) A .	The resistance ( R-T ) measurements on the compound exhibited ground state spin-density-wave ( SDW ) -like metallic steps below 140 K. Heat capacity CP ( T ) measurements on the title compound , showed an anomaly at around 140 K , which is reminiscent of the SDW ordering of the compound .	At lower temperatures the CP ( T ) shows a clear peak at around 4.5 K. At lower temperature below 20 K , Cp ( T ) is also measured under an applied field of 7 Tesla .
+1	Here we present the discovery of five such bipolar outflows .	While there are many parsec-scale Herbig-Haro ( HH ) outflows known to be driven by low-mass young stars , few are associated with their intermediate mass counterparts .	Of these , LkHalpha 198 , 1548C27 IRS1 , LkHalpha 233 and LkHalpha 234 were previously known to possess small-scale HH flows , while no such activity was observed before near IRAS 19395+2313 .	The largest of the newly discovered outflows are seen in the vicinity of LkHalpha 234 and 1548C27 IRS1 , and stretch ( in projection ) 8pc and 7.5pc respectively .	LkHalpha 233 which was previously known to power a spectroscopically detected small-scale ( & lt ; 10 '' ) jet is now seen to drive a 3pc outflow and LkHalpha 198 is shown here to power a 2pc outflow .
+3	They were tested by the binary pulsar PSR1913+16 .	A metric-field approach to gravitation is presented .	It is based on an idea of dependency of space-time properties on measuring instruments .	Some bimetric equations that realize this idea are considered .	The spherically - symmetric solution of the equations has no event horizon and no physical singularity in the center .
+1	However , even most recent approaches focus on the case of a single isolated hand .	Hand motion capture is a popular research field , recently gaining more attention due to the ubiquity of RGB-D sensors .	In this work , we focus on hands that interact with other hands or objects and present a framework that successfully captures motion in such interaction scenarios for both rigid and articulated objects .	Our framework combines a generative model with discriminatively trained salient points to achieve a low tracking error and with collision detection and physics simulation to achieve physically plausible estimates even in case of occlusions and missing visual data .	Since all components are unified in a single objective function which is almost everywhere differentiable , it can be optimized with standard optimization techniques .
+0	We propose and analyze a method for computing failure probabilities of systems modeled as numerical deterministic models ( e.g. , PDEs ) with uncertain input data .	A failure occurs when a functional of the solution to the model is below ( or above ) some critical value .	By combining recent results on quantile estimation and the multilevel Monte Carlo method we develop a method which reduces computational cost without loss of accuracy .	We show how the computational cost of the method relates to error tolerance of the failure probability .	For a wide and common class of problems , the computational cost is asymptotically proportional to solving a single accurate realization of the numerical model , i.e. , independent of the number of samples .
+4	2009 ) , and that early star formation history in the galaxy progenitors affect the alpha/Fe ratio ( Calura & amp ; Menci 2009 ) , major mergers alone can not enhance the star formation in the high-redshift progenitors to the levels required to match the steepness of the observed alpha/Fe correlation ( Spolaor et al.2010 ) .	The most massive elliptical galaxies apparently formed the fastest , because the ratio of alpha elements ( such as oxygen ) to iron is the smallest .	In fact , iron is mainly produced from type Ia supernovae on a timescale of ~ 0.1-1 billion years , while the alpha elements come from massive stars on timescales of a few tens of million years ( Matteucci 1994 ) .	Reproducing such a alpha/Fe correlation has long been a severe problem for cosmological theories of galaxy formation , which envisage massive galaxies to assemble gradually from smaller progenitors , and to be characterized by a star formation history too much extended towards late cosmic times .	While it has recently become clear that feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) activity play a role in the late quenching of star formation ( e.g.Cattaneo et al .
+4	Embedded shocks can exist behind sonic points , where they link the weak and strong solutions .	The study investigates detonations with multiple quasi-steady velocities that have been observed in the past in systems with multi-peaked thermicity , using Fickett 's detonation analogue .	A steady state analysis of the travelling wave predicts multiple states , however , all but the one with the highest velocity develop a singularity after the sonic point .	Simulations show singularities are associated with a shock wave which overtakes all sonic points , establishing a detonation travelling the highest of the predicted velocities .	Under a certain parameter range , the steady-state detonation can have multiple sonic points and solutions .
+1	This technique can also be a useful tool for studying open quantum systems coupled to a spin-chain environment , which can be further transformed into an effective fermionic bath .	This paper considers the extension of the non-Markovian stochastic approach for quantum open systems strongly coupled to a fermionic bath , to the models in which the system operators commute with the fermion bath .	We derive an exact stochastic Schr\ '' { o } dinger equation ( SSE ) , called fermionic quantum state diffusion ( QSD ) equation , from the first principle by using the fermionic coherent state representation .	The reduced density operator for the open system can be recovered from the average of the solutions to the QSD equation over the Grassmann-type noise .	By employing the exact fermionic QSD equation , we can derive the corresponding exact master equation .
+4	First of these is the eclipses of close bright stars by the disk .	Cold inactive disks are believed to exist in Low Luminosity AGN ( LLAGN ) .	They may also exist in the nuclei of inactive galaxies and in the center of our own Galaxy .	These disks would then be embedded in the observed dense nuclear stellar clusters .	Making the simplest assumption of an optically thick disk , we explore several ways to detect the disk presence through its interaction with the cluster .
+4	The interference takes place in the vortex birth and annihilation events forming the symmetrical part of the rotation .	We have considered the propagation process of the phase-matched array of singular beams through a uniaxial crystal .	We have revealed that local beams in the array are rotated when propagating .	However the right and left rotations are unequal .	There are at least two processes responsible for the array rotation : the interference of local beams and the spatial depolarization .
+1	We perform axisymmetric MHD simulations of the disk-jet interaction on a computational domain covering both hemispheres , in particular addressing the question of an intrinsically asymmetric origin of jet / counter jet systems .	We investigate the jet launching process from accretion disks extending our recent study ( paper I ) to a truly bipolar setup .	Treating both hemispheres simultaneously , we overcome the equatorial plane symmetry boundary condition used in most previous studies which naturally fosters a symmetric evolution .	For the magnetic diffusivity prescription we apply an alpha-parametrisation , considering both , globally models of diffusivity , and local models .	We first approve the quality of our numerical setup by generating perfectly symmetric jets , lasting over a 1000s of dynamical time scales .
+2	Within the ALICE framework we study its capabilities of measuring high-energy jets and quantify obtainable rates and the quality of reconstruction , both , in proton -- proton and in lead -- lead collisions at LHC conditions .	This work aims at the performance of the ALICE detector for the measurement of high-energy jets at mid-pseudo-rapidity in ultra-relativistic nucleus -- nucleus collisions at LHC and their potential for the characterization of the partonic matter created in these collisions .	In our approach , jets at high energy with E_ { T } & gt ; 50 GeV are reconstructed with a cone jet finder , as typically done for jet measurements in hadronic collisions .	In particular , we address whether modification of the jet fragmentation in the charged-particle sector can be detected within the high particle-multiplicity environment of the central lead -- lead collisions .	We comparatively treat these topics in view of an EMCAL proposed to complete the central ALICE tracking detectors .
+2	Through band-structure measurements and calculations , we demonstrate that a vertical electric field from dopants modulates the bandgap owing to the giant Stark effect and tunes the material from a moderate-gap semiconductor to a band-inverted semimetal .	Black phosphorus consists of stacked layers of phosphorene , a two-dimensional semiconductor with promising device characteristics .	We report the realization of a widely tunable bandgap in few-layer black phosphorus doped with potassium using an in-situ surface doping technique .	At the critical field of this band inversion , the material becomes a Dirac semimetal with anisotropic dispersion , linear in armchair and quadratic in zigzag directions .	The tunable band structure of black phosphorus may allow great flexibility in design and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices .
+0	Despite the tremendous progresses in wavefront control through or inside complex scattering media , several limitations prevent reaching practical feasibility for nonlinear imaging in biological tissues .	While the optimization of nonlinear signals might suffer from low signal to noise conditions and from possible artifacts at large penetration depths , it has nevertheless been largely used in the multiple scattering regime since it provides a guide star mechanism as well as an intrinsic compensation for spatiotemporal distortions .	Here , we demonstrate the benefit of Transmission Matrix ( TM ) based approaches under broadband illumination conditions , to perform nonlinear imaging .	Using ultrashort pulse illumination with spectral bandwidth comparable but still lower than the spectral width of the scattering medium , we show strong nonlinear enhancements of several orders of magnitude , through thicknesses of a few transport mean free paths , which corresponds to millimeters in biological tissues .	Linear TM refocusing is moreover compatible with fast scanning nonlinear imaging and potentially with acoustic based methods , which paves the way for nonlinear microscopy deep inside scattering media .
+2	The time-domain scaling of the optimal quantum-classical correspondence is analyzed in detail in the case of both classical theories .	The quantum dynamics of a classically chaotic model are studied in the approach to the macroscopic limit .	The quantum predictions are compared and contrasted with the classical predictions of both Newtonian and Liouville mechanics .	In both cases the correspondence for observable quantities is shown to break down on a time-scale that increases very slowly ( logarithmically ) with increasing system size .	In the case of quantum-Liouville correspondence such a short time-scale does not imply a breakdown of correspondence since the largest quantum-Liouville differences reached on this time-scale decrease rapidly ( as an inverse power ) with increasing system size .
+0	The prevalent scene text detection approach follows four sequential steps comprising character candidate detection , false character candidate removal , text line extraction , and text line verification .	However , errors occur and accumulate throughout each of these sequential steps which often lead to low detection performance .	To address these issues , we propose a unified scene text detection system , namely Text Flow , by utilizing the minimum cost ( min-cost ) flow network model .	With character candidates detected by cascade boosting , the min-cost flow network model integrates the last three sequential steps into a single process which solves the error accumulation problem at both character level and text line level effectively .	The proposed technique has been tested on three public datasets , i.e , ICDAR2011 dataset , ICDAR2013 dataset and a multilingual dataset and it outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on all three datasets with much higher recall and F-score .
+3	We prove an analog of Hilbert 's Theorem 90 and show that the second Bredon-Galois cohomology is a certain intersection of relative Brauer groups .	Let F be an arbitrary family of subgroups of a group G and let Orb be the associated orbit category .	We investigate interpretations of low dimensional F-Bredon cohomology of G in terms of abelian extensions of Orb .	Specializing to fixed point functors as coefficients , we derive several group theoretic applications and introduce Bredon-Galois cohomology .	As applications , we realize the relative Brauer group Br ( L/K ) of a finite separable non-normal extension of fields L/K as a second Bredon cohomology group and show that this approach is quite suitable for finding nonzero elements in Br ( L/K ) .
+0	Within the self-consistent Hartree-Fock approximation , an explicit expression for the ground state energy of inhomogeneous Bose gas is derived as a functional of the inhomogeneous density of the Bose-Einstein condensate .	The results obtained are based on existence of the off-diagonal long-range order in the single-particle density matrix for systems with a Bose-Einstein condensate .	This makes it possible to avoid the use of anomalous averages .	The explicit form of the kinetic energy , which differs from one in the Gross-Pitaevski approach , is found .	This form is valid beyond the Hartree-Fock approximation and can be applied for arbitrary strong interparticle interaction .
+0	Recently it was demonstrated ( Schattschneider et al. , Nature 441 ( 2006 ) , 486 ) , that an analogue of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism ( XMCD ) experiment can be performed with the transmission electron microscope ( TEM ) .	The new phenomenon has been named energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism ( EMCD ) .	In this work we present a detailed ab initio study of the chiral dichroism in the Fe , Co and Ni transition elements .	We discuss the methods used for the simulations together with the validity and accuracy of the treatment , which can , in principle , apply to any given crystalline specimen .	The dependence of the dichroic signal on the sample thickness , accuracy of the detector position and the size of convergence and collection angles is calculated .
+2	We then derive the form of potential in this framework and study the spectrum of the primordial perturbations in details .	We consider a model of two-field inflation , containing an ordinary scalar field and a DBI field .	We work beyond the slow-roll approximation , but we assume a separable Hubble parameter .	We also study the amplitude of the non-Gaussianity of the primordial perturbations both in equilateral and orthogonal configurations in this setup .	We test the model with recent observational data and find some constraints on the model parameters .
+3	Its generalization $ \bar { \rho } _\Lambda=3M_p^2 ( \xi_1 H_0 H+\xi_2 H^2 ) $ is also discussed .	In this paper , a decay vacuum model $ \bar { \rho } _\Lambda=3\sigma M_p^2H_0 H $ is revisited by detailed analysis of background evolution and perturbation equations .	We show the imprints on CMB temperature and matter power spectrum from the effective coupling terms between dark sectors by comparing to the standard cosmological constant model and observational data points ( WMAP7 and SDSS DR7 ) .	We find that the decay vacuum model can describe the expansion rate at late times as well as the standard cosmological constant model but it fails to simultaneously reproduce the observed CMB and matter power spectrum .	Detailed analysis of the background evolution shows that the dimensionless parameter $ \xi_ { 2 } $ would be zero to avoid the unnatural 'fine tuning ' and to keep the positivity of energy density of dark matter and dark energy in the early epoch .
+3	We find that 65 % of the observed sources have strong NH2D emission and more than 50 % of the sources exhibit a high degree of deuteration , ( 0.1 & lt ; NH2D/NH3 & lt ; 0.7 ) , 0.7 being the highest observed deuteration of NH3 reported to date .	UltraCompact HII regions are signposts of high mass star formation .	Since high-mass star formation occurs in clusters , one expects to find even earlier phases of massive star formation in the vicinity of UltraCompact HII regions .	Here , we study the amount of deuteration and depletion toward pre/protocluster clumps found in a wide-field ( 10 X 10 arcmin ) census of clouds in 32 massive star-forming regions that are known to harbour UCHII regions .	Our search for NHD2 in two sources did not result in a detection .
+3	There are , however , a few cases where millimeter lines have been directly involved in understanding lensing configurations .	With today 's millimeter and submillimeter instruments observers use gravitational lensing mostly as a tool to boost the sensitivity when observing distant objects .	This is evident through the dominance of gravitationally lensed objects among those detected in CO rotational lines at z & gt ; 1 .	It is also evident in the use of lensing magnification by galaxy clusters in order to reach faint submm/mm continuum sources .	Future mm/submm instruments , such as the ALMA interferometer , will have both the sensitivity and the angular resolution to allow detailed observations of gravitational lenses .
+4	When , on the other hand , $ |m| $ is sufficiently small , it is most appropriate to choose $ \Lambda = 0 $ .	The present paper concerns the derivation of phase-integral quantization conditions for the two-centre Coulomb problem under the assumption that the two Coulomb centres are fixed .	With this restriction we treat the general two-centre Coulomb problem according to the phase-integral method , in which one uses an { \it a priori } unspecified { \it base function } .	We consider base functions containing three unspecified parameters $ C , \tilde C $ and $ \Lambda $ .	When the absolute value of the magnetic quantum number $ m $ is not too small , it is most appropriate to choose $ \Lambda=|m|\ne 0 $ .
+3	Event Specification Templates are a means to organise the requirements concerning a communicative event .	This report describes and illustrates several modelling techniques proposed by Communication Analysis ; namely Communicative Event Diagram , Message Structures and Event Specification Templates .	The Communicative Event Diagram is a business process modelling technique that adopts a communicational perspective by focusing on communicative interactions when describing the organizational work practice , instead of focusing on physical activities1 ; at this abstraction level , we refer to business activities as communicative events .	Message Structures is a technique based on structured text that allows specifying the messages associated to communicative events .	This report can be useful to analysts and business process modellers in general , since , according to our industrial experience , it is possible to apply many Communication Analysis concepts , guidelines and criteria to other business process modelling notations such as BPMN .
+2	Based on extensive simulations we caution that spurious breaks will appear in the SFs of almost all light curves , even though these light curves may contain no intrinsic characteristic time-scales.i.e.having a featureless underlying power-spectral-density ( PSD ) .	The extensive use of the structure function ( SF ) in the field of blazar variability suggests that characteristics time-scales are embedded in the light curves of these objects .	We argue that for blazar variability studies , the SF results are sometimes erroneously interpreted leading to misconceptions about the actual source properties .	We show that the time-scales of the spurious SF-breaks depend mainly on the length of the artificial data set and also on the character of the variability i.e.the shape of the PSD .	The SF is often invoked in the framework of shot-noise models to determine the temporal properties of individual shots .
+0	This paper explores the fundamental properties of distributed minimization of a sum of functions with each function only known to one node , and a pre-specified level of node knowledge and computational capacity .	We define the optimization information each node receives from its objective function , the neighboring information each node receives from its neighbors , and the computational capacity each node can take advantage of in controlling its state .	It is proven that there exist a neighboring information way and a control law that guarantee global optimal consensus if and only if the solution sets of the local objective functions admit a nonempty intersection set for fixed strongly connected graphs .	Then we show that for any tolerated error , we can find a control law that guarantees global optimal consensus within this error for fixed , bidirectional , and connected graphs under mild conditions .	For time-varying graphs , we show that optimal consensus can always be achieved as long as the graph is uniformly jointly strongly connected and the nonempty intersection condition holds .
+0	Abridged -- We present an analysis of the Aquila Rift complex which addresses the questions of the star formation rate ( SFR ) , star formation efficiency ( SFE ) and typical lifetime of the Class 0 protostellar phase in two nearby cluster-forming clumps : the Serpens South and W40 protoclusters .	We carried out a 1.2 mm dust continuum mapping of the Aquila Rift complex with the MAMBO bolometer array on the IRAM 30m telescope .	We perform a systematic source extraction in our millimeter continuum map .	Based on complementary data from the Herschel Gould Belt survey and Spitzer maps , we characterize the SEDs of the 77 mm continuum sources detected with MAMBO and estimate their evolutionary stages .	Taking advantage of the comprehensive dataset available for the Serpens South region , spanning wavelengths from 2 microns to 1.2 mm , we estimate the numbers of young stellar objects ( YSOs ) at different evolutionary stages and find a ratio of Class 0 to Class I protostars N ( 0 ) /N ( I ) =0.19-0.27 .
+3	A method is proposed to improve the expansion by a non -- perturbative resummation of all quadratic operator correlators consistent with energy conservation for all times .	We discuss differential -- versus integral -- equation based methods describing out -- of thermal equilibrium systems and emphasize the importance of a well defined reduction to statistical observables .	Applying the projection operator approach , we investigate on the time evolution of expectation values of linear and quadratic polynomials in position and momentum for a statistical anharmonic oscillator with quartic potential .	Based on the exact integro-differential equations of motion , we study the first and naive second order approximation which breaks down at secular time-scales .	Motion can not be described by an effective Hamiltonian local in time reflecting non-unitarity of the dissipative entropy generating evolution .
+0	Scrip , or artificial currency , is a useful tool for designing systems that are robust to selfish behavior by users .	However , it also introduces problems for a system designer , such as how the amount of money in the system should be set .	In this paper , the effect of varying the total amount of money in a scrip system on efficiency ( i.e. , social welfare -- -the total utility of all the agents in the system ) is analyzed , and it is shown that by maintaining the appropriate ratio between the total amount of money and the number of agents , efficiency is maximized .	This ratio can be found by increasing the money supply to just below the point that the system would experience a `` monetary crash , '' where money is sufficiently devalued that no agent is willing to perform a service .	The implications of the presence of altruists , hoarders , sybils , and collusion on the performance of the system are examined .
+0	In the semiconductor manufacturing batch processes , each step is a complicated physiochemical batch process ; generally it is difficult to perform measurements online or carry out the measurement for each run , and hence there will be delays in the feedback of the system .	The effect of the delay on the stability of the system is an important issue which needs to be understood .	Based on the exponentially weighted moving average ( EWMA ) algorithm , we propose two kinds of controllers , EWMA-I and II controllers for single product process and mixed product process in semiconductor manufacturing in this paper .	For the single product process , the stabilities of systems with both controllers which undergo different kinds of metrology delays are investigated .	Necessary and sufficient conditions for the stochastic stability are established .
+4	We model and analyze this mechanism , tuning its parameters so as to achieve desired performance goals for a single cache or for a cache network .	In this paper we study the problem of content placement in a cache network .	We consider a network where routing of requests is based on random walks .	Content placement is done using a novel mechanism referred to as reinforced counters .	To each content we associate a counter , which is incremented every time the content is requested , and which is decremented at a fixed rate .
+0	A number of N=2 gauge theories can be realized by brane configurations in Type IIA string theory .	One way of solving them involves lifting the brane configuration to M-theory .	In this paper we present an alternative way of analyzing a subclass of these theories ( elliptic models ) .	We observe that upon compactification on a circle one can use a version of mirror symmetry to map the original brane configuration into one containing only D-branes .	Simultaneously the Coulomb branch of the four-dimensional theory is mapped to the Higgs branch of a five-dimensional theory with three-dimensional impurities .
+1	It is thought that the ionized bubbles grew with time , surrounded clusters of dwarf galaxies and eventually overlapped quickly throughout the universe over a narrow redshift interval near z~6 .	The first galaxies to appear in the universe at redshifts z & gt ; 20 created ionized bubbles in the intergalactic medium of neutral hydrogen left over from the Big-Bang .	This event signaled the end of the reionization epoch when the universe was a billion years old .	Measuring the hitherto unknown size distribution of the bubbles at their final overlap phase is a focus of forthcoming observational programs aimed at highly redshifted 21cm emission from atomic hydrogen .	Here we show that the combined constraints of cosmic variance and causality imply an observed bubble size at the end of the overlap epoch of ~10 physical Mpc , and a scatter in the observed redshift of overlap along different lines-of-sight of ~0.15 .
+2	The free-energy density and the magnetization are computed on the complex field plane .	The distribution of Yang-Lee zeros in the ferromagnetic Ising model in both two and three dimensions is studied on the complex field plane directly in the thermodynamic limit via the tensor network methods .	The partition function is represented as a contraction of a tensor network and is efficiently evaluated with an iterative tensor renormalization scheme .	Via the discontinuity of the magnetization , the density of the Yang-Lee zeros is obtained to lie on the unit circle , consistent with the Lee-Yang circle theorem .	Distinct features are observed at different temperatures -- -below , above and at the critical temperature .
+3	The EHFM calculations include ground-state binding energies and discrete levels in the low excitation-energy regions which are essential for an accurate evaluation of the phase-space integrations of the complex-fragment emission ( fission ) .	An Extended Hauser-Feshbach Method ( EHFM ) is developed for light heavy-ion fusion reactions in order to provide a detailed analysis of all the possible decay channels by including explicitly the fusion-fission phase-space in the description of the cascade chain .	The mass-asymmetric fission component is considered as a complex-fragment binary-decay which can be treated in the same way as the light-particle evaporation from the compound nucleus in statistical-model calculations .	The method of the phase-space integrations for the binary-decay is an extension of the usual Hauser-Feshbach formalism to be applied to the mass-symmetric fission part .	In the present calculations , EHFM is applied to the first-chance binary-decay by assuming that the second-chance fission decay is negligible .
+3	Using a hardware prototype on a NetFPGA , we show our design is feasible , at a reasonable cost .	This paper presents a practical approach to rapidly introduce new dataplane functionality into networks : End-hosts embed tiny programs into packets to actively query and manipulate a network 's internal state .	We show how this `` tiny packet program '' ( TPP ) interface gives end-hosts unprecedented visibility into network behavior , enabling them to work with the network to achieve a common goal .	Our design leverages what each component does best : ( a ) switches forward and execute tiny packet programs ( at most 5 instructions ) at line rate , and ( b ) end-hosts perform arbitrary computation on network state , which are easy to evolve .	By implementing three different research proposals , we show that TPPs are also useful .
+2	While passive scalar turbulence has been extensively studied in the hydrodynamic case , its counterpart in MHD turbulence is significantly less well understood .	A variety of studies of magnetised plasma turbulence invoke theories for the advection of a passive scalar by turbulent fluctuations .	Examples include modelling the electron density fluctuations in the interstellar medium , understanding the chemical composition of galaxy clusters and the intergalactic medium , and testing the prevailing phenomenological theories of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence .	Herein we conduct a series of high-resolution direct numerical simulations of incompressible , field-guided , MHD turbulence in order to establish the fundamental properties of passive scalar evolution .	We study the scalar anisotropy , establish the scaling relation analogous to Yaglom 's law , and measure the intermittency of the passive scalar statistics .
+3	The proposed algorithm overcomes the drawbacks of specifying the number of clusters in the K-Means methods .	Microarrays are made it possible to simultaneously monitor the expression profiles of thousands of genes under various experimental conditions .	Identification of co-expressed genes and coherent patterns is the central goal in microarray or gene expression data analysis and is an important task in Bioinformatics research .	In this paper , K-Means algorithm hybridised with Cluster Centre Initialization Algorithm ( CCIA ) is proposed Gene Expression Data .	Experimental analysis shows that the proposed method performs well on gene Expression Data when compare with the traditional K- Means clustering and Silhouette Coefficients cluster measure .
+2	We find that the redshift distributions at z & lt ; ~ 1.5 of both the hierarchical and passive models are very similar to the observed one .	The redshift distribution of near-IR selected galaxies is often used to attempt to discriminate between the classical view of galaxy formation , in which present-day luminous galaxies were assembled at early times and evolve due to the passive aging of their stellar populations , and that of hierarchical structure formation , in which galaxies were assembled more recently via the merging of smaller objects .	We carry out such a test here , by computing the distribution of photometric redshifts of K_AB & lt ; 22 galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Field Survey GOODS Southern Field , and comparing the results with predictions from a semi-analytic model based on hierarchical structure formation , and a classical `passive evolution ' model .	At z & gt ; ~1.5 , the hierarchical model shows a deficit of galaxies , while the passive model predicts an excess .	We investigate the nature of the observed galaxies in the redshift range where the models diverge , and find that the majority have highly disturbed morphologies , suggesting that they may be merger-induced starbursts .
+2	However , the existence of the light top squark may exceedingly enhance \bbbar\ mixing , owing to the box diagrams exchanging the charginos and the up-type squarks .	We discuss the constraints on the mass of the lighter top squark from \bbbar\ mixing in the minimal supersymmetric standard model .	A light top squark whose mass is less than half of the $ Z^0 $ -boson mass has not yet been excluded from direct search experiments at LEP .	We show that for a sizable region of parameter space the light top squark contribution to \bbbar\ mixing becomes the same order of magnitude as the standard $ W $ -boson contribution .	Taking into account the experimental results for \bbbar\ and \kkbar\ mixings , the existence of the light top squark is excluded in an appreciable region of the parameter space which LEP experiments have not ruled out .
+1	Inspired by this idea , in present paper we search for advantages of quantum information processing in the field of machine learning .	The idea of information encoding on quantum bearers and its quantum-mechanical processing has revolutionized our world and brought mankind on the verge of enigmatic era of quantum technologies .	Exploiting only basic properties of the Hilbert space , superposition principle of quantum mechanics and quantum measurements , we construct a quantum analog for Rosenblatt 's perceptron , which is the simplest learning machine .	We demonstrate that the quantum perceptron superiors its classical counterpart in learning capabilities .	In particular , we show that the quantum perceptron is able to learn an arbitrary ( Boolean ) logical function , perform the classification on previously unseen classes and even recognize the superpositions of learned classes -- the task of high importance in applied medical engineering .
+4	Our bound is tight up to a logarithmic factor and quadratically improves on a result due to Gur and Tamuz ( Chicago J . Theor.Comput.Sci. , 2013 ) .	A function defined on the Boolean hypercube is $ k $ -Fourier-sparse if it has at most $ k $ nonzero Fourier coefficients .	For a function $ f : \mathbb { F } _2^n \rightarrow \mathbb { R } $ and parameters $ k $ and $ d $ , we prove a strong upper bound on the number of $ k $ -Fourier-sparse Boolean functions that disagree with $ f $ on at most $ d $ inputs .	Our bound implies that the number of uniform and independent random samples needed for learning the class of $ k $ -Fourier-sparse Boolean functions on $ n $ variables exactly is at most $ O ( n \cdot k \log k ) $ .	As an application , we prove an upper bound on the query complexity of testing Booleanity of Fourier-sparse functions .
+4	Smaller $ q_ { \rm i } $ lead to long-period systems with the former donor near the Hayashi line , and larger $ q_ { \rm i } $ to pulsar binaries with shorter periods and relatively massive white dwarf companions .	We consider the unusual evolutionary state of the secondary star in Cygnus X-2 .	Spectroscopic data give a low mass ( $ M_2 \simeq 0.5 - 0.7\msun $ ) and yet a large radius ( $ R_2 \simeq 7\rsun $ ) and high luminosity ( $ L_2 \simeq 150\lsun $ ) .	We show that this star closely resembles a remnant of early massive Case B evolution , during which the neutron star ejected most of the $ \sim 3\msun $ transferred from the donor ( initial mass $ M_ { \rm 2i } \sim 3.6\msun $ ) on its thermal time-scale $ \sim 10^6 $ yr. As the system is far too wide to result from common-envelope evolution , this strongly supports the idea that a neutron star efficiently ejects the excess inflow during super -- Eddington mass transfer .	Cygnus X-2 is unusual in having had an initial mass ratio $ q_ { \rm i } = M_ { \rm 2i } /M_1 $ in a narrow critical range near $ q_ { \rm i } \simeq 2.6 $ .
+2	We study the product of transfer matrices in the near-flat space expansion of the AdS ( 5 ) x S ( 5 ) string theory in the pure spinor formalism .	Integrability of the string worldsheet theory in AdS ( 5 ) x S ( 5 ) is related to the existence of a flat connection depending on the spectral parameter .	The transfer matrix is the open-ended Wilson line of this flat connection .	The natural operations on Wilson lines with insertions are described in terms of r- and s-matrices satisfying a generalized classical Yang-Baxter equation .	The formalism is especially transparent for infinite or closed Wilson lines with simple gauge invariant insertions .
+4	The thermo-mechanical stability of the spacecraft , combined with the selection of the L2 Lissajous point of the Sun-Earth/Moon system for operations , allows stellar parallaxes to be measured with standard errors less than 10 micro-arcsecond ( muas ) for stars brighter than 12th magnitude , 25 muas for stars at 15th magnitude , and 300 muas at magnitude 20 .	Gaia is the next astrometry mission of the European Space Agency ( ESA ) , following up on the success of the Hipparcos mission .	With a focal plane containing 106 CCD detectors , Gaia will survey the entire sky and repeatedly observe the brightest 1,000 million objects , down to 20th magnitude , during its 5-year lifetime .	Gaia 's science data comprises absolute astrometry , broad-band photometry , and low-resolution spectro-photometry .	Spectroscopic data with a resolving power of 11,500 will be obtained for the brightest 150 million sources , down to 17th magnitude .
+1	We consider a `` spot '' , which arises from interactions associated with enhanced symmetric point ( ESP ) on the trajectory .	We describe new scenarios of generating curvature perturbations when inflaton ( curvaton ) has significant interactions .	Our first example uses the spot to induce a gap to the field equation .	We observe that the gap in the field equation may cause generation of curvature perturbation if it appears not simultaneous in space .	The mechanism is similar to the scenario of inhomogeneous phase transition .
+4	The velocity and velocity dispersion fields exhibit a large variety of morphologies : from simple rotating systems to cylindrical , disky and triaxial velocity fields , bars and decoupled cores .	We present the SAURON project , which is aimed at studying the morphology , two-dimensional kinematics and stellar populations of a representative sample of elliptical galaxies and spiral bulges .	SAURON , a dedicated integral-field spectrograph that is optimized for wide-field observations and has high throughput , was built in Lyon and is now operated at the WHT 4.2m telescope .	At present , we have observed approximately two thirds of the seventy-two sample galaxies with SAURON .	A comparison with published long-slit measurements demonstrates that the SAURON-data is of equal or better quality , and provides full two-dimensional coverage .
+1	This challenge emerges from the coupling of low dimensional individual layers with macroscopic world .	Superlattices may play an important role in next generation electronic and spintronic devices if the key-challenge of the reading and writing data can be solved .	Here we report the study of the resistive switching characteristics of a of hybrid structure made out of a superlattice with ultrathin layers of two ferromagnetic metallic oxides , La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 ( LSMO ) and SrRuO3 ( SRO ) .	Bipolar resistive switching memory effects are measured on these LSMO/SRO superlattices , and the observed switching is explainable by ohmic and space charge-limited conduction laws .	It is evident from the endurance characteristics that the on/off memory window of the cell is greater than 14 , which indicates that this cell can reliably distinguish the stored information between high and low resistance states .
+1	Our sample more than doubles the number of SNe Ia with published NIR spectra within three weeks of maximum light .	We report near infrared ( NIR ) spectroscopic observations of twelve `` Branch-normal '' Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) which cover the wavelength region from 0.8-2.5 microns .	The epochs of observation range from thirteen days before maximum light to eighteen days after maximum light .	A detailed model for a Type Ia supernovae is used to identify spectral features .	The Doppler shifts of lines are measured to obtain the velocity and , thus , the radial distribution of elements .
+1	By calculating the resulting magnetization profiles for a large range of chain lengths with fixed field and temperature we reconstruct the experimentally measured NMR spectrum of impurity doped Y $ _2 $ BaNi $ _ { 1-x } $ Mg $ _x $ O $ _5 $ .	Open segments of S=1 antiferromagnetic spin chains are studied at finite temperatures and fields using continuous time Quantum Monte Carlo techniques .	For temperatures above the gap the calculated NMR spectra are in excellent agreement with the experimental results , confirming the existence of $ S=1/2 $ excitations at the end of open S=1 chain segments .	At temperatures below the gap , neglecting inter chain couplings , we still find well defined peaks in the calculated NMR spectra corresponding to the $ S=1/2 $ chain end excitations .	At low temperatures , inter chain couplings could be important , resulting in a more complicated phase .
+0	Expressions for the gravitational wave ( GW ) energy flux and center-of-mass energy of a compact binary are integral building blocks of post-Newtonian ( PN ) waveforms .	In this paper , we compute the GW energy flux and GW frequency derivative from a highly accurate numerical simulation of an equal-mass , non-spinning black hole binary .	We also estimate the ( derivative of the ) center-of-mass energy from the simulation by assuming energy balance .	We compare these quantities with the predictions of various PN approximants ( adiabatic Taylor and Pade models ; non-adiabatic effective-one-body ( EOB ) models ) .	We find that Pade summation of the energy flux does not accelerate the convergence of the flux series ; nevertheless , the Pade flux is markedly closer to the numerical result for the whole range of the simulation ( about 30 GW cycles ) .
+4	A priori this problem does not have an associated graphical model , so in order to apply a belief propagation algorithm we provide a novel representation of the problem as a graphical model .	We consider the problem of packing node-disjoint directed paths in a directed graph .	We consider a variant of this problem where each path starts within a fixed subset of root nodes , subject to a given bound on the length of paths .	This problem is motivated by the so-called kidney exchange problem , but has potential other applications and is interesting in its own right .	We propose a new algorithm for this problem based on the message passing/belief propagation technique .
+2	In this work we present a mathematical framework for such bodies in terms of a covariant theory of linear elasticity , valid for large displacements .	Non-Euclidean plates are a subset of the class of elastic bodies having no stress-free configuration .	Such bodies exhibit residual stress when relaxed from all external constraints , and may assume complicated equilibrium shapes even in the absence of external forces .	We propose the concept of non-Euclidean plates to approximate many naturally formed thin elastic structures .	We derive a thin plate theory , which is a generalization of existing linear plate theories , valid for large displacements but small strains , and arbitrary intrinsic geometry .
+3	Our method consists in optimizing a rigid 6 degree of freedom ( DOF ) transform by evaluating at each step the similarity between the set of US images and the CT volume .	This paper presents a method to register a preoperative CT volume to a sparse set of intraoperative US slices .	In the context of percutaneous renal puncture , the aim is to transfer a planning information to an intraoperative coordinate system .	The spatial position of the US slices is measured by localizing a calibrated probe .	The images have been preprocessed in order to increase the relationship between CT and US pixels .
+2	Furthermore , the magnitude of their Fourier transform spectrum is less than or equal to 2 .	For a given prime $ p $ , a new construction of families of the complex valued sequences of period $ p $ with efficient implementation is given by applying both multiplicative characters and additive characters of finite field $ \mathbb { F } _p $ .	Such a signal set consists of $ p^2 ( p-2 ) $ time-shift distinct sequences , the magnitude of the two-dimensional autocorrelation function ( i.e. , the ambiguity function ) in both time and phase of each sequence is upper bounded by $ 2\sqrt { p } $ at any shift not equal to $ ( 0 , 0 ) $ , and the magnitude of the ambiguity function of any pair of phase-shift distinct sequences is upper bounded by $ 4\sqrt { p } $ .	A proof is given through finding a simple elementary construction for the sequences constructed from the Weil representation by Gurevich , Hadani and Sochen .	An open problem for directly establishing these assertions without involving the Weil representation is addressed .
+2	This presentation as a quotient enables us to generalize the methods of Atiyah and Bott to a setting with involutions , and compute the mod 2 Poincare polynomials of these moduli spaces in the coprime case .	Moduli spaces of semi-stable real and quaternionic vector bundles of a fixed topological type admit a presentation as Lagrangian quotients , and can be embedded into the symplectic quotient corresponding to the moduli variety of semi-stable holomorphic vector bundles of fixed rank and degree on a smooth complex projective curve .	From the algebraic point of view , these Lagrangian quotients are connected sets of real points inside a complex moduli variety endowed with a real structure ; when the rank and the degree are coprime , they are in fact the connected components of the fixed-point set of the real structure .	We also compute the mod 2 Poincare series of moduli stacks of all real and quaternionic vector bundles of a fixed topological type .	As an application of our computations , we give new examples of maximal real algebraic varieties .
+2	We describe fibres of a ruled order and show they are in some sense rational .	We study ruled orders .	These arise naturally in the Mori program for orders on projective surfaces and morally speaking are orders on a ruled surface ramified on a bisection and possibly some fibres .	We also determine the Hilbert scheme of rational curves and hence the corresponding non-commutative Mori contraction .	This gives strong evidence that ruled orders are examples of the non-commutative ruled surfaces introduced by Van den Bergh .
+4	Thus , via observing the many kinds of gravitational waves , it will be possible to make a restriction on the equation of state .	We calculate stellar oscillations including the hadron-quark mixed phase considering the finite size effects .	We find that it is possible to distinguish whether the density discontinuity exists or not in the stars , even if one will observe the gravitational waves of the fundamental mode .	Additionally , the normalized eigenfrequencies of pressure modes depend strongly on the stellar mass and on the adopted equation of state .	Especially , in spite of the fact that the radius of the neutron star with $ 1.4M_\odot $ , which is standard mass , is almost independent from the equation of state with quark matter , the frequencies of pressure modes depend on the adopted equation of state .
+1	The coupling of subsystems with varying time scales often results in multirate behavior .	Complex dynamical networks appear in a wide range of physical , biological , and engineering systems .	During the simulation of highly integrated circuits , for example , only a few elements underlie changing signals whereas the major part -- usually up to 80 or even 90 per cent -- remains latent .	Standard integration schemes discretize the entire circuit with a single step size which is mainly limited by the accuracy requirements of the rapidly changing subcircuits .	It is of a particular interest to speed up the simulation without a significant loss of accuracy .
+4	Hence , in these cases , we prove that the approximate recovery problem is not much easier than the exact recovery problem .	In this paper , we consider the problem of estimating the underlying graphical model of an Ising distribution given a number of independent and identically distributed samples .	We adopt an \emph { approximate recovery } criterion that allows for a number of missed edges or incorrectly-included edges , thus departing from the extensive literature considering the exact recovery problem .	Our main results provide information-theoretic lower bounds on the required number of samples ( i.e. , the sample complexity ) for graph classes imposing constraints on the number of edges , maximal degree , and sparse separation properties .	We identify a broad range of scenarios where , either up to constant factors or logarithmic factors , our lower bounds match the best known lower bounds for the exact recovery criterion , several of which are known to be tight or near-tight .
+1	After many years of research we still do not know how astrophysical acceleration processes can reach energies exceeding 10 $ ^ { 11 } $ GeV .	We discuss theoretical issues and experimental data that brought the ultra high energy cosmic rays in the list of Nature 's greatest puzzles .	The main alternative { \em top-down } mechanism postulates the existence of super massive $ X $ -particles that create a particle spectrum extending down to the observed energy through their decay channels .	The propagation of nuclei and photons from their sources to us adds to the puzzle as all particles of these energies interact with the ambient photons , mostly of the microwave background .	We also describe briefly the main observational results and give some information on the new experiments that are being built and designed now .
+2	The force field is based on hydrogen bonds and effective hydrophobicity forces .	We study the thermodynamic behavior of a model protein with 54 amino acids that is designed to form a three-helix bundle in its native state .	The model contains three types of amino acids and five to six atoms per amino acid , and has the Ramachandran torsion angles as its only degrees of freedom .	We study how the character of the collapse transition depends on the strengths of these forces .	For a suitable choice of these two parameters , it is found that the collapse transition is first-order-like and coincides with the folding transition .
+3	This no-go theorem remains true even if we take the environment into account .	Quantum measurement finds the observed system in a collapsed state , rather than in the state predicted by the Schr\ '' odinger equation .	Yet there is a relatively spread opinion that the wavefunction collapse can be explained by unitary evolution ( for instance in the decoherence approach , if we take into account the environment ) .	In this article it is proven a mathematical result which severely restricts the initial conditions for which measurements have definite outcomes , if pure unitary evolution is assumed .	The result does not forbid a unitary description of the measurement process , it only shows that such a description is possible only for very restricted initial conditions .
+0	We consider a two-dimensional ( 2D ) generalization of a recently proposed model [ Phys.Rev .	E 88 , 032905 ( 2013 ) ] , which gives rise to bright discrete solitons supported by the defocusing nonlinearity whose local strength grows from the center to the periphery .	We explore the 2D model starting from the anti-continuum ( AC ) limit of vanishing coupling .	In this limit , we can construct a wide variety of solutions including not only single-site excitations , but also dipole and quadrupole ones .	Additionally , two separate families of solutions are explored : the usual `` extended '' unstaggered bright solitons , in which all sites are excited in the AC limit , with the same sign across the lattice ( they represent the most robust states supported by the lattice , their 1D counterparts being what was considered as 1D bright solitons in the above-mentioned work ) , and the vortex cross , which is specific to the 2D setting .
+4	We show that this giant splitting is due to hybridization and much more limited in energy and momentum space than for Au-intercalated graphene on Ni .	Intercalation of Au can produce giant Rashba-type spin-orbit splittings in graphene but this has not yet been achieved on a semiconductor substrate .	For graphene/SiC ( 0001 ) , Au intercalation yields two phases with different doping .	Here , we report the preparation of an almost pure p-type graphene phase after Au intercalation .	We observe a 100 meV Rashba-type spin-orbit splitting at 0.9 eV binding energy .
+1	A key element in this `` vacancy magnetism '' is the formation of magnetic moments in vacancy-induced electronic states .	Vacancies in graphene have been proposed to give rise to $ \pi $ -like magnetism in carbon materials , a conjecture which has been supported by recent experimental evidence .	In this work we compute the charging energy $ U $ of a single-vacancy generated localized state for bulk graphene and graphene ribbons .	We use a tight-binding model to calculate the dependency of the charging energy $ U $ on the amplitudes of the localized wave function on the graphene lattice sites .	We show that for bulk graphene $ U $ scales with the system size $ L $ as $ ( \ln L ) ^ { -2 } $ , confirming the predictions in the literature , based on heuristic arguments .
+3	Simulation results are in consistent with theoretical predictions .	In most networks , the connection between a pair of nodes is the result of their mutual affinity and attachment .	In this letter , we will propose a Mutual Attraction Model to characterize weighted evolving networks .	By introducing the initial attractiveness $ A $ and the general mechanism of mutual attraction ( controlled by parameter $ m $ ) , the model can naturally reproduce scale-free distributions of degree , weight and strength , as found in many real systems .	Interestingly , we also obtain nontrivial clustering coefficient C and tunable degree assortativity r , depending on $ m $ and A .
+4	In addition , we report wide-bandwidth ( 316 km/s ) , moderate-resolution ( ~ 3 '' ) water maser observations of the HH80-81 region .	We present a survey in the 6_ { 16 } -5_ { 23 } rotational water transition toward 33 galactic ultracompact HII regions .	Maser emission is detected toward 18 of these sources ; two are new detections .	High quality spectra are provided for all 18 sources .	We discuss the detection rate of this survey and the correlation of various maser properties with other physical parameters .
+3	The calculations are carried out by means of FORTRAN code with double precision , which ensures per mille accuracy of computations .	We consider pair production and decay of fundamental unstable particles in the framework of a modified perturbation theory ( MPT ) , which treats resonant contributions of unstable particles in the sense of distributions .	The cross-section of the process is calculated within the NNLO of the MPT in a model that admits exact solution .	Universal massless-particles contributions are taken into consideration .	A comparison of the outcomes with the exact solution reveals an excellent convergence of the MPT series at the energies close to and above the maximum of the cross-section .
+0	We present the results of the analysis of an archival 15 ks XMM-Newton observation of the nearby ( z=0.057 ) radio-loud source 3C445 , optically classified as a Broad-Line Radio Galaxy .	While the RGS data are of insufficient quality to allow a meaningful analysis , the EPIC data show a remarkable X-ray spectrum .	The 2-10 keV continuum is described by a heavily absorbed ( Nh~ 1e22 - 1e23 cm-2 ) power law with photon index Gamma ~1.4 , and strong ( R~2 ) cold reflection .	A narrow , unresolved Fe Kalpha emission line is detected , confirming previous findings , with EW 120eV .	A soft excess is present below 2 keV over the extrapolation of the hard X-ray power law , which we model with a power law with the same photon index as the hard power law , absorbed by a column density Nh=6e20 cm-2 in excess to Galactic .
+3	On the other hand , the oldest stars form in halos that collapsed close to the highest density peak of the final system , and at z=0 they are located preferentially in the central region of the Galaxy , i.e. , in the bulge .	We use cosmological , chemo-dynamical , smoothed particle hydrodynamical simulations of Milky-Way-analogue galaxies to find the expected present-day distributions of both metal-free stars that formed from primordial gas and the oldest star populations .	We find that metal-free stars continue to form until z~4 in halos that are chemically isolated and located far away from the biggest progenitor of the final system .	As a result , if the Population III initial mass function allows stars with low enough mass to survive until z=0 ( & lt ; 0.8 Msol ) , they would be distributed throughout the Galactic halo .	According to our models , these trends are not sensitive to the merger histories of the disk galaxies or the implementation of supernova feedback .
+2	Of these 52 systems , 7 are found to be triple ( 2 new ) and 7 quadruple ( 1 new ) .	This paper describes a systematic search for high-order multiplicity among wide visual Pre-Main Sequence ( PMS ) binaries .	We conducted an Adaptive Optics survey of a sample of 58 PMS wide binaries from various star-forming regions , which include 52 T Tauri systems with mostly K- and M-type primaries , with the NIR instrument NACO at the VLT .	The new close companions are most likely physically bound based on their probability of chance projection and , for some of them , on their position on a color-color diagram .	The corresponding degree of multiplicity among wide binaries ( number of triples and quadruples divided by the number of systems ) is 26.9 +/- 7.2 % in the projected separation range 0.07-12 arcsec , with the largest contribution from the Taurus-Auriga cloud .
+0	The IV Rencontres de Blois , on Particle Astrophysics , held at the Ch\^ateau de Blois , June 15-20 , 1992 , was a meeting well-timed for a reconsideration of the issues in particle astrophysics in the light of the COBE discovery of the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) fluctuations .	This is a summary of what I thought were the most interesting things discussed at Blois : ( 1 ) The near-success of Cold Dark Matter ( CDM ) in predicting the COBE fluctuation amplitude , which favors the hypothesis that structure formed in the universe through gravitational collapse .	( 2 ) The indications that $ \Omega\approx1 $ and that the power spectrum has a little more power on supercluster and larger scales than CDM .	These are suggested by the IRAS and CfA redshift surveys and POTENT galaxy peculiar velocity analysis , and also by the COBE data .	( 3 ) The consequent demise of CDM and the rise of hybrid schemes such as Cold+Hot Dark Matter ( C+HDM ) .
+1	Tomography is a standard approach used to determine the form of an unknown state .	Ascertaining the physical state of a system is vital in order to understand and predict its behaviour .	Here we show that an alternative approach , based on sequential weak and strong measurements , can be used to determine the density matrix in a simple , fast , and general style .	We directly measure the probability amplitudes of a variety of pure polarisation states of light .	We then generalise this experiment to directly measure the Dirac distribution and consequently determine the density matrix .
+2	We reveal a hidden Becchi-Rouet-Stora ( BRS ) symmetry of the model that describes the collapse ( $ \theta $ - ) transition to compact polymer-conformations , and calculate the critical exponents to 2-loop order .	We develop a new , dynamical field theory of isotropic randomly branched polymers , and we use this model in conjunction with the renormalization group ( RG ) to study several prominent problems in the physics of these polymers .	Our model provides an alternative vantage point to understand the swollen phase via dimensional reduction .	It turns out that the long-standing 1-loop results for these exponents are not entirely correct .	A runaway of the RG flow indicates that the so-called $ \theta^\prime $ -transition could be a fluctuation induced first order transition .
+2	Applying this to a complete manifold whose Ricci curvature is almost non-negative , we showed that the manifold must have finitely many ends .	In this talk , I will discuss the use of harmonic functions to study the geometry and topology of complete manifolds .	In my previous joint work with Luen-fai Tam , we discovered that the number of infinities of a complete manifold can be estimated by the dimension of a certain space of harmonic functions .	In my recent joint works with Jiaping Wang , we successfully applied this general method to two other classes of complete manifolds .	The first class are manifolds with the lower bound of the spectrum $ \lambda_1 ( M ) & gt ; 0 $ and whose Ricci curvature is bounded by $ $ Ric_M \ge - { m-2 \over m-1 } \lambda_1 ( M ) .
+2	Therefore , we can not exclude that all our sources are background sources .	We report on the Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope observation of two low core density globular clusters , NGC6144 and E3 .	By comparing the number of X-ray sources inside the half-mass radius to those outside , we found 6 X-ray sources within the half-mass radius of NGC6144 , among which 4 are expected to be background sources ; 3 X-ray sources are also found within the half-mass radius of E3 , of which 3 is expected to be background source .	However , combining the results from X-ray and optical observations , we found that 1-2 sources in NGC6144 and 1 source in E3 are likely to be cataclysmic variables and that 1 source in NGC6144 is an active binary , based on the X-ray and optical properties .	The number of faint X-ray sources in NGC6144 and E3 found with Chandra and HST is higher than a prediction based on collision frequency , but is closer to that based on mass .
+4	We show further that $ L_n $ is highly concentrated around its mean , and that the longest convex chains have a limit shape .	Assume $ X_n $ is a random sample of $ n $ uniform , independent points from a triangle $ T $ .	The longest convex chain , $ Y $ , of $ X_n $ is defined naturally .	The length $ |Y| $ of $ Y $ is a random variable , denoted by $ L_n $ .	In this article , we determine the order of magnitude of the expectation of $ L_n $ .
+4	Application of the sharper upper bound to parametric subclasses of Archimedean $ p $ -value copulae allows us to increase the power of $ \varphi^ { LSU } $ by pre-estimating the copula parameter and adjusting $ q $ .	We are considered with the false discovery rate ( FDR ) of the linear step-up test $ \varphi^ { LSU } $ considered by Benjamini and Hochberg ( 1995 ) .	It is well known that $ \varphi^ { LSU } $ controls the FDR at level $ m_0 q / m $ if the joint distribution of $ p $ -values is multivariate totally positive of order 2 .	In this , $ m $ denotes the total number of hypotheses , $ m_0 $ the number of true null hypotheses , and $ q $ the nominal FDR level .	Under the assumption of an Archimedean $ p $ -value copula with completely monotone generator , we derive a sharper upper bound for the FDR of $ \varphi^ { LSU } $ as well as a non-trivial lower bound .
+4	An extended space-time $ { \cal N } $ is constructed whose extra dimensions correspond to higher flows of the hierarchy .	A twistor construction of the hierarchy associated with the hyper-K\ '' ahler equations on a metric ( the anti-self-dual Einstein vacuum equations , ASDVE , in four dimensions ) is given .	The recursion operator R is constructed and used to build an infinite-dimensional symmetry algebra and in particular higher flows for the hyper-K\ '' ahler equations .	It is shown that R acts on the twistor data by multiplication with a rational function .	The structures are illustrated by the example of the Sparling-Tod ( Eguchi-Hansen ) solution .
+0	Two-Time physics applies broadly to the formulation of physics and correctly describes the physical world as we know it .	Recently it was applied to a 2T re-formulation of the d=4 twistor superstring , which was suggested by Witten as an efficient approach for computations of physical processes in the maximally supersymmetric N=4 Yang-Mills field theory in four dimensions .	The 2T formalism provides a six dimensional view of this theory and suggests the existence of other d=4 dual forms of the same theory .	Furthermore the 2T approach led to the first formulation of a twistor superstring in d=10 appropriate for AdS { 5 } xS { 5 } backgrounds , and a twistor superstring in d=6 related to the little understood superconformal theory in d=6 .	The proper generalization of twistors to higher dimensions is an essential ingredient which is provided naturally by 2T-physics .
+2	The last scattering temperature is lower than the kinetic decoupling temperature by one order of magnitude .	The lightest supersymmetric particle , most likely the neutralino , might account for a large fraction of dark matter in the Universe .	We show that the primordial spectrum of density fluctuations in neutralino cold dark matter ( CDM ) has a sharp cut-off due to two damping mechanisms : collisional damping during the kinetic decoupling of the neutralinos at about 30 MeV ( for typical neutralino and sfermion masses ) and free streaming after last scattering of neutralinos .	The cut-off in the primordial spectrum defines a minimal mass for CDM objects in hierarchical structure formation .	For typical neutralino and sfermion masses the first gravitationally bound neutralino clouds have to have masses above 10^ ( -7 ) solar masses .
+3	and a rational expression for the dynamical zeta function .	To test a possible relation between the topological entropy and the Arnold complexity , and to provide a non trivial example of a rational dynamical zeta function , we introduce a two-parameter family of two-dimensional discrete rational mappings .	The generating functions of the number of fixed points , and of the degree of the successive iterates , are both considered .	We conjecture rational expressions with integer coefficients for these two generating functions .	We then deduce algebraic values for the complexity growth and for the exponential of the topological entropy .
+1	We augment the model using an appropriate enforcement mechanism that may allow policy makers to curb tax evasion .	We develop a model of tax evasion based on the Ising model .	With a certain probability tax evaders are subject to an audit .	If they get caught they behave honestly for a certain number of periods .	Simulating the model for a range of parameter combinations , we show that tax evasion may be controlled effectively by using punishment as an enforcement mechanism .
+0	Intracellular fluctuations , mainly triggered by gene expression , are an inevitable phenomenon observed in living cells .	It influences generation of phenotypic diversity in genetically identical cells .	Such variation of cellular components is beneficial in some contexts but detrimental in others .	To quantify the fluctuations in a gene product , we undertake an analytical scheme for studying few naturally abundant linear as well as branched chain network motifs .	We solve the Langevin equations associated with each motif under the purview of linear noise approximation and quantify Fano factor and mutual information .
+0	We have completed the one-loop renormalisation of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( NMSSM ) allowing for and comparing between different renormalisation schemes .	A special attention is paid to on-shell schemes .	We study a variety of these schemes based on alternative choices of the physical input parameters .	In this paper we present our approach to the renormalisation of the NMSSM and report on our results for the neutralino-chargino and sfermion sectors .	We will borrow some results from our study of the Higgs sector whose full discussion is left for a separate publication .
+0	We develop a model of eternal topological inflation using a racetrack potential within the context of type IIB string theory with KKLT volume stabilization .	The inflaton field is the imaginary part of the K\ '' ahler structure modulus , which is an axion-like field in the 4D effective field theory .	This model does not require moving branes , and in this sense it is simpler than other models of string theory inflation .	Contrary to single-exponential models , the structure of the potential in this example allows for the existence of saddle points between two degenerate local minima for which the slow-roll conditions can be satisfied in a particular range of parameter space .	We conjecture that this type of inflation should be present in more general realizations of the modular landscape .
+4	The loop regularization scheme is found to be applicable for a consistent calculation .	We revisit quantum gravitational contributions to quantum gauge field theories in the gauge condition independent Vilkovisky-DeWitt formalism based on the background field method .	With the advantage of Landau-DeWitt gauge , we explicitly obtain the gauge condition independent result for the quadratically divergent gravitational corrections to gauge couplings .	By employing , in a general way , a scheme-independent regularization method that can preserve both gauge invariance and original divergent behavior of integrals , we show that the resulting gauge coupling is power-law running and asymptotically free .	The regularization scheme dependence is clarified by comparing with results obtained by other methods .
+0	If we construct a lattice fermion formulation , there are a number of goals to be considered : doubling should be avoided ; even at finite lattice spacing , we want to represent chiral symmetry in a sound way ; and we are seeking a good scaling behavior .	Conceptually we have to require locality , and for practical purposes we even desire a high level of locality .	A further issue is a good approximation to rotation invariance .	Last but not least the formulation should be simple enough to allow for efficient simulations .	Here we report on a construction , which is designed to do justice to all of these goals .
+2	However , the results obtained are applicable only to finite-state systems .	There has been a long history of using fuzzy language equivalence to compare the behavior of fuzzy systems , but the comparison at this level is too coarse .	Recently , a finer behavioral measure , bisimulation , has been introduced to fuzzy finite automata .	In this paper , we consider bisimulation for general fuzzy systems which may be infinite-state or infinite-event , by modeling them as fuzzy transition systems .	To help understand and check bisimulation , we characterize it in three ways by enumerating whole transitions , comparing individual transitions , and using a monotonic function .
+4	Our second main result states that for any $ F $ and $ r $ , the online vertex-Ramsey density $ m_1^* ( F , r ) $ is a computable rational number .	Consider the following random process : The vertices of a binomial random graph $ G_ { n , p } $ are revealed one by one , and at each step only the edges induced by the already revealed vertices are visible .	Our goal is to assign to each vertex one from a fixed number $ r $ of available colors immediately and irrevocably without creating a monochromatic copy of some fixed graph $ F $ in the process .	Our first main result is that for any $ F $ and $ r $ , the threshold function for this problem is given by $ p_0 ( F , r , n ) =n^ { -1/m_1^* ( F , r ) } $ , where $ m_1^* ( F , r ) $ denotes the so-called \emph { online vertex-Ramsey density } of $ F $ and $ r $ .	This parameter is defined via a purely deterministic two-player game , in which the random process is replaced by an adversary that is subject to certain restrictions inherited from the random setting .
+4	The radius of the main droplet $ r_ { b } ( t ) \sim R_ { 0 } ^ { 4/5 } $ in agreement with kinetic models for the cylindrical geometry studied .	The spreading of liquid nanodroplets of different initial radii $ R_ { 0 } $ is studied using molecular dynamics simulation .	Results for two distinct systems , Pb on Cu ( 111 ) , which is non-wetting , and a coarse grained polymer model , which wets the surface , are presented for Pb droplets ranging in size from $ \sim55 000 $ to $ 220 000 $ atoms and polymer droplets ranging in size from $ \sim200 000 $ to $ 780 000 $ monomers .	In both cases , a precursor foot precedes the spreading of the main droplet .	This precursor foot spreads as $ r_ { f } ^ { 2 } ( t ) =2D_ { eff } t $ with an effective diffusion constant that exhibits a droplet size dependence $ D_ { eff } \sim R_ { 0 } ^ { 1/2 } $ .
+4	Our procedure is based on the norms of empirical cross covariance operators and is asymptotically validated when the underlying populations are assumed to be in a class of weakly dependent random functions which include the functional ARMA , ARCH and GARCH processes .	Frequently econometricians are interested in verifying a relationship between two or more time series .	Such analysis is typically carried out by causality and/or independence tests which have been well studied when the data is univariate or multivariate .	Modern data though is increasingly of a high dimensional or functional nature for which finite dimensional methods are not suitable .	In the present paper we develop methodology to check the assumption that data obtained from two functional time series are independent .
+1	In the high energy regime of X- and gamma-rays , outbursts with variability time-scales of seconds and faster are routinely observed , e.g.in gamma-ray bursts or Soft Gamma Repeaters .	Highly luminous rapid flares are characteristic of processes around compact objects like white dwarfs , neutron stars or black holes .	In the optical , flaring activity on such time-scales has never been observed outside the prompt phase of GRBs .	This is mostly due to the fact that outbursts with strong , fast flaring usually are discovered in the high-energy regime .	Most optical follow-up observations of such transients employ instruments with integration times exceeding tens of seconds , which are therefore unable to resolve fast variability .
+0	We report measurements of the magnetic-field induced microwave complex resistivity in REBa $ _ { 2 } $ Cu $ _ { 3 } $ O $ _ { 7-\delta } $ thin films , with RE = Y , Sm .	Measurements are performed at 48 GHz by means of a resonant cavity in the end-wall-replacement configuration .	The magnetic field dependence is investigated by applying a moderate ( 0.8 T ) magnetic field along the c-axis .	The measured vortex state complex resistivity in YBa $ _ { 2 } $ Cu $ _ { 3 } $ O $ _ { 7-\delta } $ and SmBa $ _ { 2 } $ Cu $ _ { 3 } $ O $ _ { 7-\delta } $ is analyzed within the well-known models for vortex dynamics .	It is shown that attributing the observed response to vortex motion alone leads to inconsistencies in the as-determined vortex parameters ( such as the vortex viscosity and the pinning constant ) .
+1	An element of the $ K $ -homology group is given by an equivalence class of $ K $ -cycles $ [ M , E , \phi ] $ , where $ M $ is a closed spin $ ^c $ manifold , $ E $ is a complex vector bundle over $ M $ , and $ \phi : M\rightarrow X $ is a continuous map .	In this thesis the close relationship between the topological $ K $ -homology group of the spacetime manifold $ X $ of string theory and D-branes in string theory is examined .	It is proposed that a $ K $ -cycle $ [ M , E , \phi ] $ represents a D-brane configuration wrapping the subspace $ \phi ( M ) $ .	As a consequence , the $ K $ -homology element defined by $ [ M , E , \phi ] $ represents a class of D-brane configurations that have the same physical charge .	Furthermore , the $ K $ -cycle representation of D-branes resembles the modern way of characterizing fundamental strings , in which the strings are represented as two-dimensional surfaces with maps into the spacetime manifold .
+4	inclusion of right hand neutrino in the RG calculation , and { \it iii } ) .	Recent renormalization group calculations of the sparticle mass spectrum in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( MSSM ) show that t-b-\tau Yukawa coupling unification at M_ { \rm GUT } is possible when the mass spectra follow the pattern of a radiatively induced inverted scalar mass hierarchy .	The calculation is entirely consistent with expectations from SO ( 10 ) SUSY GUT theories , with one exception : it seems to require MSSM Higgs soft term mass splitting at M_ { \rm GUT } , dubbed `` just-so Higgs splitting '' ( HS ) in the literature , which apparently violates the SO ( 10 ) gauge symmetry .	Here , we investigate three alternative effects : { \it i } ) .	SO ( 10 ) D-term splitting , { \it ii } ) .
+2	This paper is concerned with the third requirement , proposing to combine explicit model checking to handle the control with symbolic set representations to handle the data .	A comprehensive verification of parallel software imposes three crucial requirements on the procedure that implements it .	Apart from accepting real code as program input and temporal formulae as specification input , the verification should be exhaustive , with respect to both control and data flows .	The combination of explicit and symbolic approaches is first investigated theoretically and we report the requirements on the symbolic representation and the changes to the model checking process the combination entails .	The feasibility and efficiency of the combination is demonstrated on a case study using the DVE modelling language and we report a marked improvement in scalability compared to previous solutions .
+3	All these results depend on the weight parameter , indicating a significant role of network weights on random walks .	Random walks constitute a fundamental mechanism for a large set of dynamics taking place on networks .	In this article , we study random walks on weighted networks with an arbitrary degree distribution , where the weight of an edge between two nodes has a tunable parameter .	By using the spectral graph theory , we derive analytical expressions for the stationary distribution , mean first-passage time ( MFPT ) , average trapping time ( ATT ) , and lower bound of the ATT , which is defined as the average MFPT to a given node over every starting point chosen from the stationary distribution .	For the case of uncorrelated networks , we provide explicit formulas for the stationary distribution as well as ATT .
+3	These multi-rogue waves also arise from the constant background and then decay back to it , but in the intermediate times , interesting curvy wave patterns appear .	General rogue waves in the Davey-Stewartson-I equation are derived by the bilinear method .	It is shown that the simplest ( fundamental ) rogue waves are line rogue waves which arise from the constant background with a line profile and then disappear into the constant background again .	It is also shown that multi-rogue waves describe the interaction of several fundamental rogue waves .	However , higher-order rogue waves are found to show more interesting features .
+3	For this subclass of models , we show how to derive a set of Delay Differential Equations ( DDE ) , whose numerical solution provides a fast and accurate estimate of the satisfaction probability .	We address the problem of verifying timed properties of Markovian models of large populations of interacting agents , modelled as finite state automata .	In particular , we focus on time-bounded properties of ( random ) individual agents specified by Deterministic Timed Automata ( DTA ) endowed with a single clock .	Exploiting ideas from fluid approximation , we estimate the satisfaction probability of the DTA properties by reducing it to the computation of the transient probability of a subclass of Time-Inhomogeneous Markov Renewal Processes with exponentially and deterministically-timed transitions , and a small state space .	In the paper , we also prove the asymptotic convergence of the approach , and exemplify the method on a simple epidemic spreading model .
+0	A recent study of nonextensive phase transitions in nuclei and nuclear clusters needs a probability model compatible with the appropriate Hamiltonian .	For magnetic molecules a representation of the evolution by a Markov process achieves the required probability model that is used to study the probability density function ( PDF ) of the order parameter , i.e.the magnetization .	The existence of one or more modes in this PDF is an indication for the superparamagnetic transition of the cluster .	This allows us to determine the factors that influence the blocking temperature , i.e.the temperature related to the change of the number of modes in the density .	It turns out that for our model , rather than the evolution of the system implied by the Hamiltonian , the high temperature density of the magnetization is the important factor for the temperature of the transition .
+0	Through history , the human being tried to relay its daily tasks to other creatures , which was the main reason behind the rise of civilizations .	It started with deploying animals to automate tasks in the field of agriculture ( bulls ) , transportation ( e.g.horses and donkeys ) , and even communication ( pigeons ) .	Millenniums after , come the Golden age with `` Al-jazari '' and other Muslim inventors , which were the pioneers of automation , this has given birth to industrial revolution in Europe , centuries after .	At the end of the nineteenth century , a new era was to begin , the computational era , the most advanced technological and scientific development that is driving the mankind and the reason behind all the evolutions of science ; such as medicine , communication , education , and physics .	At this edge of technology engineers and scientists are trying to model a machine that behaves the same as they do , which pushed us to think about designing and implementing `` Things that-Thinks '' , then artificial intelligence was .
+3	The reverse problem is also considered : starting from a linear Regge trajectory which fits the lattice glueball masses , beta functions with different asymptotic infrared behaviours are found .	An extended version of the AdS/QCD Soft-Wall model that incorporates QCD-like anomalous contributions to the dimensions of gauge theory operators is proposed .	This exploratory approach leads to a relation between scalar glueball masses and beta functions .	Using this relation , properties of the glueball mass spectroscopy that emerge from phenomenological beta functions proposed in the literature are investigated .	Remarkably , some of them present a fixed point at finite coupling .
+2	Remarkably , network analyses of thermal imaging time series of contact lens users and patients upon whom Laser-Assisted in situ Keratomileusis ( Lasik ) surgery has been conducted , exhibit pronounced similarity with results obtained from ADDE patients .	We present a fresh and broad yet simple approach towards information retrieval in general and diagnostics in particular by applying the theory of complex networks on multidimensional , dynamic images .	We demonstrate a successful use of our method with the time series generated from high content thermal imaging videos of patients suffering from the aqueous deficient dry eye ( ADDE ) disease .	We also propose a general framework for the transformation of multidimensional images to networks for futuristic biometry .	Our approach is general and scalable to other fluctuation-based devices where network parameters derived from fluctuations , act as effective discriminators and diagnostic markers .
+3	To relate the unevolved and evolved subhalo mass functions , we measure the subhalo mass loss rate as a function of host mass and redshift .	Using a cosmological N-Body simulation and a sample of re-simulated cluster-like haloes , we study the mass loss rates of dark matter subhaloes , and interpret the mass function of subhaloes at redshift zero in terms of the evolution of the mass function of systems accreted by the main halo progenitor .	When expressed in terms of the ratio between the mass of the subhalo at the time of accretion and the present day host mass the unevolved subhalo mass function is found to be universal .	However , the subhalo mass function at redshift zero clearly depends on $ M_0 $ , in that more massive host haloes host more subhaloes .	We find that the average , specific mass loss rate of dark matter subhaloes depends mainly on redshift .
+2	We show that checking the extremality of a point reduces to checking whether there is only one minimal strongly connected component in an hypergraph .	We develop a tropical analogue of the classical double description method allowing one to compute an internal representation ( in terms of vertices ) of a polyhedron defined externally ( by inequalities ) .	The heart of the tropical algorithm is a characterization of the extreme points of a polyhedron in terms of a system of constraints which define it .	The latter problem can be solved in almost linear time , which allows us to eliminate quickly redundant generators .	We report extensive tests ( including benchmarks from an application to static analysis ) showing that the method outperforms experimentally the previous ones by orders of magnitude .
+4	These two completely independent methods are used to provide a coherent picture of the dust lanes in the Milky Way bar .	( abridged ) By comparing the distribution of dust and gas in the central regions of the Galaxy , we aim to obtain new insights into the properties of the offset dust lanes leading the bar 's major axis in the Milky Way .	On the one hand , the molecular emission of the dust lanes is extracted from the observed CO l-b-V distribution according to the interpretation of a dynamical model .	On the other hand , a three dimensional extinction map of the Galactic central region constructed from near-infrared observations is used as a tracer of the dust itself and clearly reveals dust lanes in its face-on projection .	Comparison of the position of both independent detections of the dust lanes is performed in the ( l , b ) plane .
+4	Roughly a quarter of the sources studied have extra RM components with high confidence ( brighter than ~40 mJy ) , when observing with a RM resolution of roughly 100 rad/m2 .	We have observed 37 bright , polarized radio sources with the Allen Telescope Array ( ATA ) to present a novel analysis of their Faraday rotation properties .	Each source was observed during the commissioning phase with 2 to 4 100-MHz bands at frequencies ranging from 1 to 2 GHz .	These observations demonstrate how the continuous frequency coverage of the ATA 's log-periodic receiver can be applied to the study of Faraday rotation measures ( RMs ) .	We use RM synthesis to show that wide-bandwidth data can find multiple RM components toward a single source .
+1	Here we set improved constraints on the AGN fraction and X-ray properties of the SMGs with ALMA and Chandra observations in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South ( E-CDF-S ) .	The large gas and dust reservoirs of submm galaxies ( SMGs ) could potentially provide ample fuel to trigger an Active Galactic Nucleus ( AGN ) , but previous studies of the AGN fraction in SMGs have been controversial largely due to the inhomogeneity and limited angular resolution of the available submillimeter surveys .	This study is the first among similar works to have unambiguously identified the X-ray counterparts of SMGs ; this is accomplished using the fully submm-identified , statistically reliable SMG catalog with 99 SMGs from the ALMA LABOCA E-CDF-S Submillimeter Survey ( ALESS ) .	We found 10 X-ray sources associated with SMGs ( median redshift z = 2.3 ) , of which 8 were identified as AGNs using several techniques that enable cross-checking .	The other 2 X-ray detected SMGs have levels of X-ray emission that can be plausibly explained by their star-formation activity .
+0	An antiferro ordering of an electric hexadecapole moment is discussed as a promising candidate for the long standing mystery of the hidden order phase in URu $ _ { 2 } $ Si $ _ { 2 } $ .	Based on localized $ f $ -electron picture , we discuss the rationale of the selected multipole and the consequences of the antiferro hexadecapole order of $ xy ( x^ { 2 } -y^ { 2 } ) $ symmetry .	The mean-field solutions and the collective excitations from them explain reasonably significant experimental observations : the strong anisotropy in the magnetic susceptibility , characteristic behavior of pressure versus magnetic field or temperature phase diagrams , disappearance of inelastic neutron-scattering intensity out of the hidden order phase , and insensitiveness of the NQR frequency at Ru-sites upon ordering .	A consistency with the strong anisotropy in the magnetic responses excludes all the multipoles in two-dimensional representations , such as $ ( O_ { yz } , O_ { zx } ) $ .	The expected azimuthal angle dependences of the resonant X-ray scattering amplitude are given .
+4	It is shown by a diagonal argument that there exist classical properties of an observer that he can not observe perfectly .	A property of a system is called actual , if the observation of the test that pertains to that property , yields an affirmation with certainty .	We formalize the act of observation by assuming that the outcome correlates with the state of the observed system and is codified as an actual property of the state of the observer at the end of the measurement interaction .	For an actual property , the observed outcome has to affirm that property with certainty , hence in this case the correlation needs to be perfect .	A property is called classical if either the property or its negation is actual .
+0	Enthalpies of formation of gallium interstitials and all the other native point defects in gallium arsenide are calculated using the same well-converged \emph { ab initio } techniques .	Using these results , equilibrium concentrations of these defects are computed as a function of chemical potential from the arsenic rich limit to the gallium rich limit and as a function of the doping level from $ p $ -type to $ n $ -type .	Gallium interstitial diffusion paths and migration barriers for diffusion are determined for all the interstitial charge states which are favored for Fermi levels anywhere in the gap , and the charge states which dominate diffusion as a function of Fermi level are identified .	The effects of chemical potential , doping level , and non-equilibrium defect concentrations produced by ion implantation or irradiation on gallium self-diffusion are examined .	Results are consistent with experimental results across the ranges of doping and stoichometry where comparisons can be made .
+2	Surface brightness profiles from new Hubble Space Telescope observations of 34 globular clusters in M31 are presented , together with fits of several different structural models to each cluster .	The structures of globular clusters ( GCs ) reflect their dynamical states and past histories .	High-resolution imaging allows the exploration of morphologies of clusters in other galaxies .	M31 clusters appear to be adequately fit by standard King models , and do not obviously require alternate descriptions with relatively stronger halos , such as are needed to fit many GCs in other nearby galaxies .	The derived structural parameters are combined with corrected versions of those measured in an earlier survey to construct a comprehensive catalog of structural and dynamical parameters for M31 GCs with a sample size similar to that for the Milky Way .
+1	Subsequently , several authors have taken this as motivation for counting Bohr-Sommerfeld leaves when studying the quantization of manifolds which are less `` nice '' .	When geometric quantization is applied to a manifold using a real polarization which is `` nice enough '' , a result of Sniatycki says that the quantization can be found by counting certain objects , called Bohr-Sommerfeld leaves .	In this paper , we examine the quantization of compact symplectic manifolds that can locally be modelled by a toric manifold , using a real polarization modelled on fibres of the moment map .	We compute the results directly , and obtain a theorem similar to Sniatycki 's , which gives the quantization in terms of counting Bohr-Sommerfeld leaves .	However , the count does not include the Bohr-Sommerfeld leaves which are singular .
+0	The bright GRB 050408 was localized by HETE-II near local midnight , enabling an impressive ground-based followup effort as well as space-based followup from Swift .	The Swift data from the X-Ray Telescope ( XRT ) and our own optical photometry and spectrum of the afterglow provide the cornerstone for our analysis .	Under the traditional assumption that the visible waveband was above the peak synchrotron frequency and below the cooling frequency , the optical photometry from 0.03 to 5.03 days show an afterglow decay corresponding to an electron energy index of p_lc = 2.05 +/- 0.04 , without a jet break as suggested by others .	A break is seen in the X-ray data at early times ( at ~12600 sec after the GRB ) .	The spectral slope of the optical spectrum is consistent with p_lc assuming a host-galaxy extinction of A_V = 1.18 mag .
+3	This is the largest sample of galaxies for which ages have been constrained spectroscopically .	We present the results of a meta-analysis of Keck spectra of extragalactic globular clusters ( GCs ) in a sample of eight galaxies , ranging from dwarfs to massive ellipticals .	We infer ages for the metal-poor and metal-rich GCs in these galaxies through comparisons to Galactic GCs .	Both subpopulations appear to be no younger than their Galactic counterparts , with ages ~ & gt ; 10 Gyr .	Our results support the formation of most GCs in massive galaxies at high redshift .
+4	Due to the unknown steric layer force and other model idealizations , the clear experimental verification of the real equilibrium phase is still required .	Investigations of the phase transitions and self-organization in the magnetic aggregates are of the fundamental and applied interest .	The long-range ordering structures described in the Tom\'anek 's systematization ( M. Yoon , and D. Tom\'anek , 2010 [ 1 ] ) are not yet obtained in the direct molecular dynamics simulations .	The resulted structures usually are the linear chains or circles , or , else , amorphous ( liquid ) formations .	In the present work , it was shown , that the thermodynamically equilibrium primary ferrofluid aggregate has either the long-range ordered or liquid phase .
+1	It is of significant practical value to introduce new features and devices without changing the physical layer/hardware infrastructure , but upgrade it only in software .	The vast existing wireless infrastructure features a variety of systems and standards .	A way to achieve it is to apply protocol coding : encode information in the actions taken by a certain ( existing ) communication protocol .	In this work we investigate strategies for protocol coding via combinatorial ordering of the labelled user resources ( packets , channels ) in an existing , primary system .	Such a protocol coding introduces a new secondary communication channel in the existing system , which has been considered in the prior work exclusively in a steganographic context .
+0	Cosmic shear constrains cosmology by exploiting the apparent alignments of pairs of galaxies due to gravitational lensing by intervening mass clumps .	However galaxies may become ( intrinsically ) aligned with each other , and with nearby mass clumps , during their formation .	This effect needs to be disentangled from the cosmic shear signal to place constraints on cosmology .	We use the linear intrinsic alignment model as a base and compare it to an alternative model and data .	If intrinsic alignments are ignored then the dark energy equation of state is biased by ~50 per cent .
+2	We assume that the vortex entrance is allowed due to surface defects , despite the Bean-Livingston barrier .	Applying the London theory we study curved vortices produced by an external current near and parallel to the surface of a type II superconductor .	By minimizing the energy functional we find the contour describing the hard core of the flux line , and predict the threshold current for entrance of the first vortex .	Compared to the usual situation with a homogeneous magnetic field , the main effect of the present geometry is that larger magnetic fields can be applied locally before vortices enter the superconducting sample .	It is argued that this effect can be further enhanced in anisotropic superconductors .
+2	Let $ \operatorname { M } ( c , q^b ) $ be an irreducible subalgebra of $ \operatorname { M } ( n , q ) $ , where $ n=bc & gt ; c $ .	Primary Cyclic matrices were used ( but not named ) by Holt and Rees in their version of Parker 's MEAT-AXE algorithm to test irreducibility of finite matrix groups and algebras .	They are matrices $ X $ with at least one cyclic component in the primary decomposition of the underlying vector space as an $ X $ -module .	We prove a generalisation of the Kung-Stong Cycle Index , and use it to obtain a lower bound for the proportion of primary cyclic matrices in $ \operatorname { M } ( c , q^b ) $ .	This extends work of Glasby and the second author on the case $ b=1 $ .
+4	Importantly this interpretation of the CDMSII events can be checked by on-going and future experiments , and we hereby predict that the bulk of the events will be in the $ E_R \stackrel { & lt ; } { \sim } 18 $ keV region .	Mirror dark matter offers a framework to explain the existing dark matter direct detection experiments , including the impressive DAMA annual modulation signal .	Here we examine the implications of mirror dark matter for experiments like CDMSII/Ge and XENON10 which feature higher recoil energy threshold than the DAMA NaI experiments .	We show that the two events seen in the CDMSII/Ge experiment are consistent with the interactions of the anticipated heavy $ \sim Fe ' $ component .	This interpretation of the CDMSII/Ge events is a natural one given that a ) mirror dark matter predicts an event rate which is sharply falling with respect to recoil energy and b ) that the two observed events are in the low energy region near threshold .
+4	Finally , we make connections between the results of our model and the nature of some newly discovered experimental states such as the f_0 ( 1810 ) , X ( 3940 ) , Y ( 3940 ) , etc .	The mass spectra of heavy and light mesons is computed within the framework of the relativistic flux tube model .	A good agreement with the experimental data is obtained provided that the flux tube contributions , including retardation and spin-orbit effects , are supplemented by a one-gluon-exchange potential , a quark self-energy term and instanton-induced interactions .	No arbitrary constant is needed to fit the absolute scale of the mass spectra , and the different parameters are fitted on lattice QCD in order to strongly restrict the arbitrariness of our model .	The relevance of the present approach is discussed in the case of glueballs , and the glueball spectrum we compute is compared to the lattice QCD one .
+4	Our theory is based on the identification of families of isometric orbits .	We present the first quantum system where Anderson localization is completely described within periodic-orbit theory .	The model is a quantum graph analogous to an a-periodic Kronig-Penney model in one dimension .	The exact expression for the probability to return of an initially localized state is computed in terms of classical trajectories .	It saturates to a finite value due to localization , while the diagonal approximation decays diffusively .
+3	The outer planet , HAT-P-17c , has a significantly longer orbital period P_2 = 1797^+58_-89 d and a minimum mass m_2 sin i_2 = 1.4^+1.1_-0.4 M_J .	We report the discovery of HAT-P-17b , c , a multi-planet system with an inner transiting planet in a short-period , eccentric orbit and an outer planet in a 4.8 yr , nearly circular orbit .	The inner planet , HAT-P-17b , transits the bright V = 10.54 early K dwarf star GSC 2717-00417 , with an orbital period P = 10.338523 +/- 0.000009 d , orbital eccentricity e = 0.346 +/- 0.007 , transit epoch T_c = 2454801.16945 +/- 0.00020 , and transit duration 0.1691 +/- 0.0009 d. HAT-P-17b has a mass of 0.530 +/- 0.018 M_J and radius of 1.010 +/- 0.029 R_J yielding a mean density of 0.64 +/- 0.05 g cm^-3 .	This planet has a relatively low equilibrium temperature in the range 780-927 K , making it an attractive target for follow-up spectroscopic studies .	The orbital inclination of HAT-P-17c is unknown as transits have not been observed and may not be present .
+2	Another possible correlation for star-forming regions might exist between the aforementioned radio emission and the gamma ray emission in the GeV regime .	For star-forming regions , there is a correlation of radio and FIR-emission established .	The radio emission is caused by synchrotron radiation of electrons , while the FIR emission is attributed to HII regions of OB stars and hot dust powered by those stars .	The GeV gamma ray emission of star-forming regions is dominated by the decay of neutral pions formed in collisions of cosmic ray ( CR ) protons accelerated at supernova remnants ( SNRs ) with ambient hydrogen , while the electrons generating the synchrotron emission are assumed to be accelerated at the same SNRs .	Assuming the same spectral shape for the CR proton and electron distribution and a fixed ratio of CR protons to electrons , the proton- and electron-calorimetry of the star-forming regions can be tested .
+4	This is shown by adapting the protocol to Hilbert spaces of any dimension using the same sequence of operations/logical gates as its original qubit formulation .	We give a dimension independent formulation of the quantum search algorithm introduced in [ L. K. Grover , Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 79 } , 325 ( 1997 ) ] .	This algorithm provides a quadratic gain when compared to its classical counterpart by manipulating quantum two -- level systems , qubits .	We show that this gain , already known to be optimal , is preserved , irrespectively of the dimension of the system used to encode quantum information .
+2	In the Hamiltonian scheme , constraint analysis and the induced Dirac brackets have been provided .	We have studied the noncommutative extension of the relativistic Chern-Simons-Higgs model , in the first non-trivial order in $ \theta $ , with only spatial noncommutativity .	Both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of the problem have been discussed , with the focus being on the canonical and symmetric forms of the energy-momentum tensor .	The spacetime translation generators and their actions on the fields are discussed in detail .	The effects of noncommutativity on the soliton solutions have been analysed thoroughly and we have come up with some interesting observations .
+4	The results are interpreted in terms of gluino pair production followed by their exclusive decay into top squarks and top quarks .	A search for supersymmetry in hadronic final states with highly boosted W bosons and b jets is presented , focusing on compressed scenarios .	The search is performed using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse-femtobarns .	Events containing candidates for hadronic decays of boosted W bosons are identified using jet substructure techniques , and are analyzed using the razor variables M [ R ] and R^2 , which characterize a possible signal as a peak on a smoothly falling background .	The observed event yields in the signal regions are found to be consistent with the expected contributions from standard model processes , which are predicted using control samples in the data .
+1	In the context of multi-field inflation , we detail a mechanism that can create significant primordial non-Gaussianities in the adiabatic mode while preserving the scale invariance of the power spectrum .	This article investigates the generation of non-Gaussianity during inflation .	This mechanism is based on the generation of non-Gaussian isocurvature fluctuations which are then transfered to the adiabatic modes through a bend in the classical inflaton trajectory .	Natural realizations involve quartic self-interaction terms for which a full computation can be performed .	The expected statistical properties of the resulting metric fluctuations are shown to be the superposition of a Gaussian and a non-Gaussian contribution of the same variance .
+3	Five 2D transitions are also considered , as simpler examples .	We consider ferroelastic first-order phase transitions with $ N_ { OP } $ order-parameter strains entering Landau free energies as invariant polynomials , that have $ N_V $ structural-variant Landau minima .	The total free energy includes ( seemingly innocuous ) harmonic terms , in the $ n = 6 -N_ { OP } $ { \it non } -order-parameter strains .	Four 3D transitions are considered , tetragonal/orthorhombic , cubic/tetragonal , cubic/trigonal and cubic/orthorhombic unit-cell distortions , with respectively , $ N_ { OP } = 1 , 2 , 3 $ and 2 ; and $ N_V = 2 , 3 , 4 $ and 6 .	Following Barsch and Krumhansl , we scale the free energy to absorb most material-dependent elastic coefficients into an overall prefactor , by scaling in an overall elastic energy density ; a dimensionless temperature variable ; and the spontaneous-strain magnitude at transition $ \lambda & lt ; & lt ; 1 $ .
+2	This paper proposes a framework to apply Nested Automatic Differentiation using any library of Automatic Differentiation which allows operator overloading .	En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta para realizar Diferenciaci\'on Autom\'atica Anidada utilizando cualquier biblioteca de Diferenciaci\'on Autom\'atica que permita sobrecarga de operadores .	Para calcular las derivadas anidadas en una misma evaluaci\'on de la funci\'on , la cual se asume que sea anal\'itica , se trabaja con el modo forward utilizando una nueva estructura llamada SuperAdouble , que garantiza que se aplique correctamente la Diferenciaci\'on Autom\'atica y se calculen el valor y la derivada que se requiera .	To compute nested derivatives of a function while it is being evaluated , which is assumed to be analytic , a new structure called SuperAdouble is used in the forward mode .	This new class guarantees the correct application of Automatic Differentiation to calculate the value and derivative of a function where is required .
+0	In this work we explicitly construct polynomial vector fields $ \mathcal { L } _k , \ ; k=0,1,2,3,4,6 $ on the complex linear space $ \mathbb { C } ^6 $ with coordinates $ X= ( x_2 , x_3 , x_4 ) $ and $ Z= ( z_4 , z_5 , z_6 ) $ .	The fields $ \mathcal { L } _k $ are linearly independent outside their discriminant variety $ \Delta \subset \mathbb { C } ^6 $ and tangent to this variety .	We describe a polynomial Lie algebra of the fields $ \mathcal { L } _k $ and the structure of the polynomial ring $ \mathbb { C } [ X , Z ] $ as a graded module with two generators $ x_2 $ and $ z_4 $ over this algebra .	The fields $ \mathcal { L } _1 $ and $ \mathcal { L } _3 $ commute .	Any polynomial $ P ( X , Z ) \in \mathbb { C } [ X , Z ] $ determines a hyperelliptic function $ P ( X , Z ) ( u_1 , u_3 ) $ of genus $ 2 $ , where $ u_1 $ and $ u_3 $ are coordinates of trajectories of the fields $ \mathcal { L } _1 $ and $ \mathcal { L } _3 $ .
+0	We investigate the mixed diamond chain composed of spins 1 and 1/2 when the exchange interaction is alternatingly distorted .	Depending on the strengths of frustration and distortion , this system has various ground states .	Each ground state consists of an array of spin clusters separated by singlet dimers by virtue of an infinite number of local conservation laws .	We determine the ground state phase diagram by numerically analyzing each spin cluster .	In particular for strong distortion , we find an infinite series of quantum phase transitions by the cluster expansion method and conformal field theory .
+3	This paper proposes to apply the framework of reliable service composition to the problem of optimal task offloading in MCC over fading channels , with the aim of providing layered , or composable , services at differentiated reliability levels .	An emerging requirement for 5G systems is the ability to provide wireless ultra-reliable communication ( URC ) services with close-to-full availability for cloud-based applications .	Among such applications , a prominent role is expected to be played by mobile cloud computing ( MCC ) , that is , by the offloading of computationally intensive tasks from mobile devices to the cloud .	MCC allows battery-limited devices to run sophisticated applications , such as for gaming or for the `` tactile '' internet .	Inter-layer optimization problems , encompassing offloading decisions and communication resources , are formulated and addressed by means of successive convex approximation methods .
+2	The method of developing personas to represent key types of users is commonly employed in user-interface design and can be used to produce personalized resources .	Scaling and sustaining educational innovations is a common problem in the learning sciences .	Professional development resources around educational innovations that are personalized to appeal to the needs and motivations of different types of faculty offer a possible solution .	Personas are fictional named archetypes of users encompassing generalizations of their key characteristics and goals that emerge from interviews .	This method is especially powerful because personas succinctly package information into the form of a person , who is easily understood and reasoned about .
+3	The recently developed least squares shadowing ( LSS ) method avoids the issues encountered by traditional sensitivity analysis methods by approximating the `` shadow trajectory '' in phase space , avoiding the high sensitivity of the initial value problem .	Computational methods for sensitivity analysis are invaluable tools for aerodynamics research and engineering design .	However , traditional sensitivity analysis methods break down when applied to long-time averaged quantities in turbulent fluid flow fields , specifically those obtained using high-fidelity turbulence simulations .	This is because of a number of dynamical properties of turbulent and chaotic fluid flows , most importantly high sensitivity of the initial value problem , popularly known as the `` butterfly effect '' .	The following paper discusses how the least squares problem associated with LSS is solved .
+4	In addition to describing the dynamics of the collinear three-body problem , the results of this paper rederives the existence of oscillatory motion in the general N-body problem for N & gt ; 2 .	Solutions to the collinear three-body problem which do not end in triple collision pass through an infinite number of binary collisions .	Given three masses , we show that four geometric quantities generate a finite description of itineraries of binary collisions .	In the best circumstances , this description is semi-conjugate to a Poincare map of the flow .	For other cases these quantities give upper and lower bounds on the itineraries which can occur .
+4	Clustering seems to be the network parameter that controls maintenance and evolution of the reciprocator trait .	Experimental evidence suggests that human decisions involve a mixture of self-interest and internalized social norms which can not be accounted for by the Nash equilibrium behavior of Homo Oeconomicus .	This led to the notion of strong reciprocity ( or altruistic punishment ) to capture the human trait leading an individual to punish norm violators at a cost to himself .	For a population with small autonomous groups with collective monitoring , the interplay of intra- and intergroup dynamics shows this to be an adaptive trait , although not fully invasive of a selfish population .	However , the absence of collective monitoring in a larger society changes the evolution dynamics .
+0	Controlled Lagrangian and matching techniques are developed for the stabilization of relative equilibria and equilibria of discrete mechanical systems with symmetry as well as broken symmetry .	Interesting new phenomena arise in the controlled Lagrangian approach in the discrete context that are not present in the continuous theory .	In particular , to make the discrete theory effective , one can make an appropriate selection of momentum levels or , alternatively , introduce a new parameter into the controlled Lagrangian to complete the kinetic matching procedure .	Specifically , new terms in the controlled shape equation that are necessary for potential matching in the discrete setting are introduced .	The theory is illustrated with the problem of stabilization of the cart-pendulum system on an incline .
+2	In particular , these include the latent group lasso , the overlapping group lasso , and certain norms used for learning tensors .	We analyze a class of norms defined via an optimal interpolation problem involving the composition of norms and a linear operator .	This framework encompasses a number of norms which have been used as regularizers in machine learning and statistics .	We establish basic properties of this class of regularizers and we provide the dual norm .	We present a novel stochastic block-coordinate version of the Douglas-Rachford algorithm to solve regularization problems with these regularizers .
+1	We define a fermionic topological charge from the zero-modes of this operator and show that , as N grows , any disagreement with the topological charge obtained by cooling the fields , becomes rapidly less likely .	We study the low-lying eigenmodes of the lattice overlap Dirac operator for SU ( N ) gauge theories with N=2,3,4 and 5 colours .	By examining the fields where there is a disagreement , we are able to show that the Dirac operator does not resolve instantons below a critical size of about rho = 2.5 a , but resolves the larger , more physical instantons .	We investigate the local chirality of the near-zero modes and how it changes as we go to larger N. We observe that the local chirality of these modes , which is prominent for SU ( 2 ) and SU ( 3 ) , becomes rapidly weaker for larger N and is consistent with disappearing entirely in the limit of N - & gt ; infinity .	We find that this is not due to the observed disappearance of small instantons at larger N .
+3	We show for the two-dimensional Ising model how our new method reproduces exact results more accurately and using less computer time than the conventional histogram method .	We propose a new Monte Carlo technique in which the degeneracy of energy states is obtained with a Markovian process analogous to that of Metropolis used currently in canonical simulations .	The obtained histograms are much broader than those of the canonical histogram technique studied by Ferrenberg and Swendsen .	Thus we can reliably reconstruct thermodynamic functions over a much larger temperature scale also away from the critical point .	We also show data in three dimensions for the Ising ferromagnet and the Edwards Anderson spin glass .
+1	Lim & amp ; Tan ( 2014 ) developed methods of FIR extinction mapping of this source using $ { \it Spitzer } $ -MIPS $ { \rm 24\mu m } $ and $ { \it Herschel } $ -PACS $ { \rm 70\mu m } $ images , and by comparing to MIR $ { \it Spitzer } $ -IRAC $ 3 $ -- $ { \rm 8\mu m } $ extinction maps , found tentative evidence for grain growth in the highest mass surface density regions .	We present spectroscopic tests of MIR to FIR extinction laws in IRDC G028.36+00.07 , a potential site of massive star and star cluster formation .	Here we present results of spectroscopic infrared extinction ( SIREX ) mapping using $ { \it Spitzer } $ -IRS ( 14 to $ { \rm 38\mu m } $ ) data of the same IRDC .	These methods allow us to first measure the SED of the diffuse Galactic ISM that is in the foreground of the IRDC .	We then carry out our primary investigation of measuring the MIR to FIR opacity law and searching for potential variations as a function of mass surface density within the IRDC .
+3	It allows practical realization of the DFT technique for functions sampled on hexagonal symmetry grids .	We propose Fourier transform ( FT ) method for processing images of extensive air showers ( EAS ) detected by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes ( IACT ) used in the very high energy ( VHE ) gamma-ray astronomy .	The method is based on the discrete Fourier transforms ( DFT ) on compact Lie groups , and the use of continuous extension of the inverse discrete transforms to approximate the discrete EAS images by continuous EAS brightness distribution functions .	Here we describe the FT-method in case of SU ( 3 ) group .	The proposed method can also be implemented in case of IACT cameras with grids of rectangular symmetry by using the DFT on the SU ( 2 ) xSU ( 2 ) group .
+1	Recently , Krivova et al. , 2007 reconstructed , using suitable models , the total solar irradiance from the end of the Maunder minimum to the present , based on variations of the surface distribution of the solar magnetic field .	Total solar irradiance variations , about 0.1 % between solar activity maximum and minimum , are available from accurate satellite measurements since 1978 and thus do not provide useful information on longer-term secular trends .	The latter is calculated from the long historical record of the sunspot numbers using a simple but consistent physical model .	There are many classes of proposed prediction methods for solar cycles behavior , based on different direct solar activity indices or on various valuable proxies .	In particular , the precursor based methods , utilize a given proxy index to predict the future evolution of solar activity .
+2	The correlation function for our faint galaxies can be parameterised by a power law , $ A \theta^ { -0.8 } $ , in agreement with the clustering statistics of shallower catalogues .	We present results for the two-point angular correlation function of galaxies to a limiting magnitude of r=26 .	The final sample is 97 % complete to r=26.0 , yielding 5730 galaxies over a 90.1 sq.arcmin field .	The derived amplitude , $ A $ , is small , but non-zero .	We combine this measurement with the latest statistical constraints on faint galaxy redshifts from gravitational lensing studies , which imply that the bulk of the r & lt ; 26 field galaxies should be at redshifts of order 1 .
+1	PSR J1856+0245 has a spin period of 81ms , a characteristic age of 21kyr , and a spin-down luminosity Edot = 4.6 x 10^36 ergs/s .	We present the discovery of the Vela-like radio pulsar J1856+0245 in the Arecibo PALFA survey .	It is positionally coincident with the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1857+026 , which has no other known counterparts .	Young , energetic pulsars create wind nebulae , and more than a dozen pulsar wind nebulae have been associated with very-high-energy ( 100GeV-100TeV ) gamma-ray sources discovered with the HESS telescope .	The gamma-ray emission seen from HESS J1857+026 is potentially produced by a pulsar wind nebula powered by PSR J1856+0245 ; faint X-ray emission detected by ASCA at the pulsar 's position supports this hypothesis .
+0	In recent years , many new and interesting models of successful online business have been developed .	Many of these are based on the competition between users , such as online auctions , where the product price is not fixed and tends to rise .	Other models , including group-buying , are based on cooperation between users , characterized by a dynamic price of the product that tends to go down .	There is not yet a business model in which both sellers and buyers are grouped in order to negotiate on a specific product or service .	The present study investigates a new extension of the group-buying model , called fair , which allows aggregation of demand and supply for price optimization , in a cooperative manner .
+1	Most models for which this analogy is established have been investigated for their absorbing state characteristics .	Self-organized criticality can be translated into the language of absorbing state phase transitions .	In this article , we transform the self-organized critical Oslo model into an absorbing state Oslo model and analyze the avalanche behavior .	We find that the resulting gap exponent , D , is consistent with its value in the self-organized critical model .	For the avalanche size exponent , \tau , an analysis of the effect of the external drive and the boundary conditions is required .
+2	When the signalling molecules arrive at the receiver , they may react with the receptors to form ligand-receptor complexes .	In a diffusion-based molecular communication network , transmitters and receivers communicate by using signalling molecules ( or ligands ) in a fluid medium .	This paper assumes that the transmitter uses different chemical reactions to generate different emission patterns of signalling molecules to represent different transmission symbols , and the receiver consists of receptors .	Our goal is to study the demodulation in this setup assuming that the transmitter and receiver are synchronised .	We derive an optimal demodulator using the continuous history of the number of complexes at the receiver as the input to the demodulator .
+0	We use a series of cosmological N-body simulations and various analytic models to study the evolution of the matter power spectrum in real space in a \Lambda Cold Dark Matter universe .	We compare the results of N-body simulations against three analytical model predictions ; standard perturbation theory , renormalized perturbation theory , and the closure approximation .	We include the effects from finite simulation box size in the comparison .	We determine the values of the maximum wavenumbers , k^ { lim } _ { 1 % } and k^ { lim } _ { 3 % } , below which the analytic models and the simulation results agree to within 1 and 3 percent , respectively .	We then provide a simple empirical function which describes the convergence regime determined by comparison between our simulations and the analytical models .
+1	Instead of forcing a physical system to enact a predetermined set of universal gates ( e.g. , single-qubit operations and CNOT ) , we focus on the intrinsic ability of a system to act as a universal quantum computer using only its naturally available interactions .	We revisit the question of universality in quantum computing and propose a new paradigm .	A key element of this approach is the realization that the fungible nature of quantum information allows for universal manipulations using quantum information encoded in a subspace of the full system Hilbert space , as an alternative to using physical qubits directly .	Starting with the interactions intrinsic to the physical system , we show how to determine the possible universality resulting from these interactions over an encoded subspace .	We outline a general Lie-algebraic framework which can be used to find the encoding for universality and give several examples relevant to solid-state quantum computing .
+2	We study the performance of a D-Wave Two device ( DW2 ) with up to 503 qubits on these problems and compare it to a suite of classical algorithms , including a highly optimized algorithm designed to compete directly with the DW2 .	The availability of quantum annealing devices with hundreds of qubits has made the experimental demonstration of a quantum speedup for optimization problems a coveted , albeit elusive goal .	Going beyond earlier studies of random Ising problems , here we introduce a method to construct a set of frustrated Ising-model optimization problems with tunable hardness .	The problems are generated around predetermined ground-state configurations , called planted solutions , which makes them particularly suitable for benchmarking purposes .	The problem set exhibits properties familiar from constraint satisfaction ( SAT ) problems , such as a peak in the typical hardness of the problems , determined by a tunable clause density parameter .
+2	From these quantities , we define effective and time-dependent values for the collective and tracer diffusion mobilities .	In this Letter , we present results of an extensive Monte Carlo study of the O/W ( 110 ) system under non-equilibrium conditions .	We study the mean square displacements and long wavelength density fluctuations of adatoms .	These mobilities reduce to the usual diffusion constants when equilibrium is reached .	We discuss our results in view of existing experimental measurements of effective diffusion barriers , and the difficulties associated with interpreting non-equilibrium data .
+3	An application is given in which we explicitly construct time dependent coefficients leading to solutions displaying weak collapse in three-dimensional scenarios .	In this paper we use a similarity transformation connecting some families of Nonlinear Schrodinger equations with time-varying coefficients with the autonomous cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation .	This transformation allows one to apply all known results for that equation to the non-autonomous case with the additional dynamics introduced by the transformation itself .	In particular , using stationary solutions of the autonomous nonlinear Schrodinger equation we can construct exact breathing solutions to multidimensional non-autonomous nonlinear Schrodinger equations .	Our results can find physical applicability in mean field models of Bose-Einstein condensates and in the field of dispersion-managed optical systems .
+4	As part of the KAOS Galaxy Genesis project , we explore the early history of the halo and the thick disk by looking for discrete substructures , either due to infall or in situ star formation , through chemical tagging .	So how did the Galactic disk form and can the sequence of events ever be unravelled from the vast stellar inventory ?	This will require that some of the residual inhomogeneities from prehistory escaped the dissipative process at an early stage .	Fossil hunting to date has concentrated mostly on the stellar halo , but a key source of information will be the thick disk .	This is believed to be a 'snap frozen ' relic which formed during or shortly after the last major epoch of dissipation , or it may have formed from infalling systems early in the life of the Galaxy .
+4	The signal is stronger at $ T\simeq T_\mathrm { c } $ than at lower temperatures , thereby confirming a competition between soft CCMs and superconductivity .	Bulk charge density modulations , recently observed in high critical-temperature ( $ T_\mathrm { c } $ ) cuprate superconductors , coexist with the so-called pseudogap and compete with superconductivity .	However , its direct observation has been limited to a narrow doping region in the underdoped regime .	Using energy-resolved resonant x-ray scattering we have found evidence for such bulk charge modulations , or soft collective charge modes ( soft CCMs ) , in optimally doped Bi $ _ { 1.5 } $ Pb $ _ { 0.6 } $ Sr $ _ { 1.54 } $ CaCu $ _ { 2 } $ O $ _ { 8+\delta } $ ( Pb-Bi2212 ) around the summit of the superconducting dome with momentum transfer $ q_ { \parallel } \sim0.28 $ reciprocal lattice units ( r.l.u . )	along the Cu-O bond direction .
+3	Efficient implementability for creating and reading language expressions is discussed and illustrated with a quantum mechanical model .	Some aspects of the physical nature of language are discussed .	In particular , physical models of language must exist that are efficiently implementable .	The existence requirement is essential because without physical models no communication or thinking would be possible .	The reason for interest in language is that language expressions can have meaning , either as an informal language or as a formal language associated with a mathematical or physical theory .
+0	The Josephson effect is a manifestation of the macroscopic phase coherence of superconductors and superfluids .	We propose that with ultracold Fermi gases one can realise a spin-asymmetric Josephson effect in which the two spin components of a Cooper pair are driven asymmetrically - corresponding to driving a Josephson junction of two superconductors with different voltages V_\uparrow and V_\downarrow for spin up and down electrons , respectively .	We predict that the spin up and down components oscillate at the same frequency but with different amplitudes .	Our results reveal that the standard description of the Josephson effect in terms of bosonic pair tunnelling is insufficient .	We provide an intuitive interpretation of the Josephson effect as interference in Rabi oscillations of pairs and single particles , the latter causing the asymmetry .
+1	Without knowledge of the cluster redshift a Bayesian analysis of the AMI , CARMA and joint AMI & amp ; CARMA uv-data is used to quantify the detection significance and parameterise both the physical and observational properties of the cluster whilst accounting for the statistics of primary CMB anisotropies , receiver noise and radio sources .	We present CARMA observations of a massive galaxy cluster discovered in the AMI blind SZ survey .	The joint analysis of the AMI & amp ; CARMA uv-data was performed with two parametric physical cluster models : the { \beta } -model ; and the model described in Olamaie et al .	2012 with the pressure profile fixed according to Arnaud et al.2010 .	The cluster mass derived from these different models is comparable but our Bayesian evidences indicate a preference for the { \beta } -profile which we , therefore , use throughout our analysis .
+0	Spin wave frequencies are observed in ultra-thin Fe/GaAs ( 100 ) films at temperatures where the spontaneous zero field magnetization is zero .	The films exhibit good cyrstalline structure , and the effect of magnetic anisotropies is apparent even though no zero field spin wave energy gap exists .	An analysis is given in terms of a superparamagnetic model in which the film is treated as a network of non-interacting single domain magnetic islands .	A spin wave analysis provides a means to separate measured values of anisotropy parameters from products involving anisotropy and island volume .	In this way , a measure of the activation volume associated with superparamagnetic islands is obtained for different Fe film thicknesses .
+0	An algorithm for sampling exactly from the normal distribution is given .	The algorithm reads some number of uniformly distributed random digits in a given base and generates an initial portion of the representation of a normal deviate in the same base .	Thereafter , uniform random digits are copied directly into the representation of the normal deviate .	Thus , in contrast to existing methods , it is possible to generate normal deviates exactly rounded to any precision with a mean cost that scales linearly in the precision .	The method performs no extended precision arithmetic , calls no transcendental functions , and , indeed , uses no floating point arithmetic whatsoever ; it uses only simple integer operations .
+2	It is argued that the main obstacle for first-principles study of these systems is the multi-minima solutions of their electronic configuration .	First-principles calculations are performed to investigate f magnetism in A $ _2 $ Ti $ _2 $ O $ _7 $ ( A=Eu , Gd , Tb , Dy , Ho , Er , Yb ) magnetic pyrochlore oxides .	The Hubbard U parameter and the relativistic spin orbit correction is applied for more accurate description of the electronic structure of the systems .	Among the studied pyrochlores , Gd $ _2 $ Ti $ _2 $ O $ _7 $ shows the least multi-minima problem .	The crystal electric field theory is applied for phenomenological comparison of the calculated spin and orbital moments with the experimental data .
+0	It is well known that there are only two low-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects ( LBLs : BL Lacertae and S5 0716+714 ) and one flat spectrum radio quasar ( FSRQ : 3C 279 ) among more than 30 active galactic nuclei ( AGNs ) with detected TeV emissions .	We study the spectral energy distribution ( SED ) of a famous LBL OJ 287 , whose light curve has a 12-y period .	Using a homogeneous one-zone synchrotron + synchrotron-self Compton model , we model the quasi-simultaneous broad-band SED of OJ 287 .	With some reasonable assumptions , we extrapolate the model to the high state of OJ 287 and predict its { \gamma } -ray emissions .	Taking into account the absorption of { \gamma } -ray by the extragalactic background light ( EBL ) , we find that the TeV emission of OJ 287 in high state is slightly higher than the sensitivity of H.E.S.S .
+1	Nevertheless , it is speculated from an astrophysical view point that quark clusters could form in cold quark matter due to strong coupling at realistic baryon densities .	It is still a matter of debate to understand the equation of state of cold supra-nuclear matter in compact stars because of unknown on-perturbative strong interaction between quarks .	Although it is hard to calculate this conjectured matter from first principles , one can expect the inter-cluster interaction to share some general features to nucleon-nucleon interaction .	We adopt a two-Gaussian component soft-core potential with these general features and show that quark clusters can form stable simple cubic crystal structure if we assume Gaussian form wave function .	With this parameterizing , Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation is solved with reasonable constrained parameter space to give mass-radius relation of crystalline solid quark star .
+0	We show that the retrograde perihelion precession of Saturn \Delta\dot\varpi , recently estimated by different teams of astronomers by processing ranging data from the Cassini spacecraft and amounting to some milliarcseconds per century , can be explained in terms of a localized , distant body X , not yet directly discovered .	From the determination of its tidal parameter K = GM_X/r_X^3 as a function of its ecliptic longitude \lambda_X and latitude \beta_X , we calculate the distance at which X may exist for different values of its mass , ranging from the size of Mars to that of the Sun .	The minimum distance would occur for X located perpendicularly to the ecliptic , while the maximum distance is for X lying in the ecliptic .	We find for rock-ice planets of the size of Mars and the Earth that they would be at about 80-150 au , respectively , while a Jupiter-sized gaseous giant would be at approximately 1 kau .	A typical brown dwarf would be located at about 4 kau , while an object with the mass of the Sun would be at approximately 10 kau , so that it could not be Nemesis for which a solar mass and a heliocentric distance of about 88 kau are predicted .
+2	Water was used as working fluid .	Numerical study has been conducted for the chaotic flow in a multi-turn closed-loop pulsating heat pipe ( PHP ) .	Heat flux and constant temperature boundary conditions have been applied for heating and cooling sections respectively .	Volume of Fluid ( VOF ) method has been employed for two-phase flow simulation .	Volume fraction results showed formation of perfect vapor and liquid plugs in the fluid flow of PHP .
+4	Our results provide evidence in the direction of the Mumford-Tate Conjecture .	Suppose $ F $ is either a global field or a finitely generated extension of $ { \mathbf Q } $ , $ A $ is an abelian variety over $ F $ , and $ \ell $ is a prime not equal to the characteristic of $ F $ .	Let $ Z $ denote the center of the endomorphism algebra of $ A $ .	Let $ G $ denote the group of $ { \mathbf Q } _\ell $ -points of the identity connected component of the Zariski closure of the image of the $ \ell $ -adic representation associated to $ A $ .	We prove the $ \ell $ -independence of the intersection of $ G $ with the torsion subgroup of $ Z $ .
+1	A radial Orlicz addition of two or more star sets is proposed and a corresponding dual Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski inequality is established .	This paper introduces the dual Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski theory for star sets .	Based on a radial Orlicz linear combination of two star sets , a formula for the dual Orlicz mixed volume is derived and a corresponding dual Orlicz-Minkowski inequality proved .	The inequalities proved yield as special cases the precise duals of the conjectured log-Brunn-Minkowski and log-Minkowski inequalities of B\ '' { o } r\ '' { o } czky , Lutwak , Yang , and Zhang .	A new addition of star sets called radial $ M $ -addition is also introduced and shown to relate to the radial Orlicz addition .
+3	This condition is sharp in the sense that the soliton solution $ e^ { it } Q ( x ) $ , for which equality in these conditions is obtained , is global but does not scatter .	We consider the problem of identifying sharp criteria under which radial $ H^1 $ ( finite energy ) solutions to the focusing 3d cubic nonlinear Schr\ '' odinger equation ( NLS ) $ i\partial_t u + \Delta u + |u|^2u=0 $ scatter , i.e.approach the solution to a linear Schr\ '' odinger equation as $ t\to \pm \infty $ .	The criteria is expressed in terms of the scale-invariant quantities $ \|u_0\|_ { L^2 } \|\nabla u_0\|_ { L^2 } $ and $ M [ u ] E [ u ] $ , where $ u_0 $ denotes the initial data , and $ M [ u ] $ and $ E [ u ] $ denote the ( conserved in time ) mass and energy of the corresponding solution $ u ( t ) $ .	The focusing NLS possesses a soliton solution $ e^ { it } Q ( x ) $ , where $ Q $ is the ground-state solution to a nonlinear elliptic equation , and we prove that if $ M [ u ] E [ u ] & lt ; M [ Q ] E [ Q ] $ and $ \|u_0\|_ { L^2 } \|\nabla u_0\|_ { L^2 } & lt ; \|Q\|_ { L^2 } \|\nabla Q\|_ { L^2 } $ , then the solution $ u ( t ) $ is globally well-posed and scatters .	We further show that if $ M [ u ] E [ u ] & lt ; M [ Q ] E [ Q ] $ and $ \|u_0\|_ { L^2 } \|\nabla u_0\|_ { L^2 } & gt ; \|Q\|_ { L^2 } \|\nabla Q\|_ { L^2 } $ , then the solution blows-up in finite time .
+4	This is due to the anomalous behavior of compressibility and can be a potential smoking gun for probing such an effect .	The stability of Bose gases near resonance has been a puzzling problem in recent years .	In this Letter , we demonstrate that in addition to generating thermal pressure , thermal atoms enhance the repulsiveness of the scale-dependent interactions between condensed atoms due to renormalization effect and further stabilize the Bose gases .	Consequently , we find that , as a precursor of instability , the compressibility develops an anomalous structure as a function of scattering length and is drastically reduced compared with the mean-field value .	Furthermore , the density profile of a Bose gas in a harmonic trap is found to develop a flat top near the center .
+3	A generalization of the Radford-Majid criterion to the braided case is given and it is seen that bialgebra cross products over the Hopf algebra $ H $ are precisely described by $ H $ -crossed module bialgebras .	We consider Hopf bimodules and crossed modules over a Hopf algebra $ H $ in a braided category .	They are the key-stones for braided bicovariant differential calculi and their invariant vector fields respectively , as well as for the construction of braided Hopf algebra cross products .	We show that the notions of Hopf bimodules and crossed modules are equivalent .	We study the theory of ( bicovariant ) differential calculi in braided abelian categories and we construct $ \NN_0 $ -graded bicovariant differential calculi out of first order bicovariant differential calculi .
+0	Transmission of microwave spin waves through a microstructured magnonic crystal in the form of a permalloy waveguide of a periodically varying width was studied experimentally and theoretically .	The spin wave characteristics were measured by spatially-resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy .	A rejection frequency band was clearly observed .	The band gap frequency was controlled by the applied magnetic field .	The measured spin-wave intensity as a function of frequency and propagation distance is in good agreement with a model calculation .
+2	However , generating tests that cover both interesting foreseen and unforeseen scenarios in human-robot interaction ( HRI ) tasks , while executing most of the code , remains a challenge .	The software of robotic assistants needs to be verified , to ensure its safety and functional correctness .	Testing in simulation allows a high degree of realism in the verification .	We propose the use of belief-desire-intention ( BDI ) agents in the test environment , to increase the level of realism and human-like stimulation of simulated robots .	Artificial intelligence , such as agent theory , can be exploited for more intelligent test generation .
+0	Semantic part localization can facilitate fine-grained categorization by explicitly isolating subtle appearance differences associated with specific object parts .	Methods for pose-normalized representations have been proposed , but generally presume bounding box annotations at test time due to the difficulty of object detection .	We propose a model for fine-grained categorization that overcomes these limitations by leveraging deep convolutional features computed on bottom-up region proposals .	Our method learns whole-object and part detectors , enforces learned geometric constraints between them , and predicts a fine-grained category from a pose-normalized representation .	Experiments on the Caltech-UCSD bird dataset confirm that our method outperforms state-of-the-art fine-grained categorization methods in an end-to-end evaluation without requiring a bounding box at test time .
+3	Validity and reliability of the simulation are examined by comparing the experimental data with simulated results .	The Coulomb barrier and electron screening cause difficulties in directly measuring nuclear reaction cross sections of charged particles in astrophysical energies .	The Trojan-horse method has been introduced to solve the difficulties as a powerful indirect tool .	In order to understand experimental spectra better , Geant4 is employed to simulate the method for the first time .	The Geant4 simulation can give useful information to understand the experimental spectra better in data analysis and is beneficial to the design for future related experiments .
+2	We present a new non-adaptive policy , called the dyadic policy , show it is optimal among non-adaptive policies , and is within a factor of two of optimal among adaptive policies .	We consider the problem of group testing with sum observations and noiseless answers , in which we aim to locate multiple objects by querying the number of objects in each of a sequence of chosen sets .	We study a probabilistic setting with entropy loss , in which we assume a joint Bayesian prior density on the locations of the objects and seek to choose the sets queried to minimize the expected entropy of the Bayesian posterior distribution after a fixed number of questions .	This policy is quick to compute , its nonadaptive nature makes it easy to parallelize , and our bounds show it performs well even when compared with adaptive policies .	We also study an adaptive greedy policy , which maximizes the one-step expected reduction in entropy , and show that it performs at least as well as the dyadic policy , offering greater query efficiency but reduced parallelism .
+0	The points-to problem is the problem of determining the possible run-time targets of pointer variables and is usually considered part of the more general aliasing problem , which consists in establishing whether and when different expressions can refer to the same memory address .	Aliasing information is essential to every tool that needs to reason about the semantics of programs .	However , due to well-known undecidability results , for all interesting languages that admit aliasing , the exact solution of nontrivial aliasing problems is not generally computable .	This work focuses on approximated solutions to this problem by presenting a store-based , flow-sensitive points-to analysis , for applications in the field of automated software verification .	In contrast to software testing procedures , which heuristically check the program against a finite set of executions , the methods considered in this work are static analyses , where the computed results are valid for all the possible executions of the analyzed program .
+2	The number of allowed brane tension values is related to the number of negative stationary points of the scalar bulk potential and , in the case of an oscillatory potential , the brane tension for which gravity is localized without singularities is quantized .	We study the dynamics of brane worlds coupled to a scalar field and gravity , and find that self-tuning of the cosmological constant is generic in theories with at most two branes or a single brane with orbifold boundary conditions .	We demonstrate that singularities are generic in the self-tuned solutions compatible with localized gravity on the brane : we show that localized gravity with an infinitely large extra dimension is only consistent with particular fine-tuned values of the brane tension .	We also examine a resolution of the singularities , and find that fine-tuning is generically re-introduced at the singularities in order to retain a static solution .	However , we speculate that the presence of additional fields may restore self-tuning .
+2	Bowshocks develop as arc-shaped structures , with bows pointing to the same direction as the stellar velocity , while the star moves supersonically through the interstellar gas .	Runaway massive stars are O- and B-type stars with high spatial velocities with respect to the interstellar medium .	These stars can produce bowshocks in the surrounding gas .	The piled-up shocked matter emits thermal radiation and a population of locally accelerated relativistic particles is expected to produce non-thermal emission over a wide range of energies .	We aim to model the non-thermal radiation produced in these sources .
+1	16 of them are X-ray transients hosting a ~5-15 Msun BH and a Roche-lobe overflowing low-mass companion .	There are 19 confirmed BH binaries in the Galaxy .	Companion masses are found mostly in 0.1-1 Msun mass range with peak at 0.6 Msun .	The formation of these systems is believed to involve a common envelope phase , initiated by a BH progenitor , expected to be a massive star & gt ; 20 Msun .	It was realized that it may be very problematic for a low-mass companion to eject a massive envelope of the black hole progenitor .
+2	In this paper , however , we propose to go beyond these limitations by introducing high-performance numerical propagation schemes to compute the solution of the time-ordered evolution operator .	Effective modeling and numerical spectral-based propagation schemes are proposed for addressing the challenges in time-dependent quantum simulations of systems ranging from atoms , molecules , and nanostructures to emerging nanoelectronic devices .	While time-dependent Hamiltonian problems can be formally solved by propagating the solutions along tiny simulation time steps , a direct numerical treatment is often considered too computationally demanding .	In addition to the direct Hamiltonian diagonalizations that can be efficiently performed using the new eigenvalue solver FEAST , we have designed a Gaussian propagation scheme and a basis transformed propagation scheme ( BTPS ) which allow to reduce considerably the simulation times needed by time intervals .	It is outlined that BTPS offers the best computational efficiency allowing new perspectives in time-dependent simulations .
+1	It is equivalent to a totally asymmetric exclusion process ( TASEP ) of varying length .	The exclusive queueing process ( EQP ) is a generalization of the classical M/M/1 queue .	Here we consider two discrete-time versions of the EQP with parallel and backward-sequential update rules .	The phase diagram ( with respect to the arrival probability \alpha\ and the service probability \beta ) is divided into two phases corresponding to divergence and convergence of the system length .	We investigate the behavior on the critical line separating these phases .
+4	The critical string density is about unity in both cases .	In most of the models of hadronic collisions the number of exchanged colour strings grows with energy and atomic numbers of the projectile and target .	At high string densities interaction between them should melt them into the quark-gluon plasma state .	It is shown that under certain assumptions about the the string interaction , a phase transition to the quark gluon plasma indeed takes place in the system of many colour strings .	It may be of the first or second order ( percolation ) , depending on the particular mechanism of the interaction .
+1	Our calculations employ a full 3D radiation transfer code , assuming a helical magnetic field throughout the jet .	We present a detailed analysis of time- and energy-dependent synchrotron polarization signatures in a shock-in-jet model for gamma-ray blazars .	The code considers synchrotron emission from an ordered magnetic field , and takes into account all light-travel-time and other relevant geometric effects , while the relevant synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton effects are taken care of with the 2D MCFP code .	We consider several possible mechanisms through which a relativistic shock propagating through the jet may affect the jet plasma to produce a synchrotron and high-energy flare .	Most plausibly , the shock is expected to lead to a compression of the magnetic field , increasing the toroidal field component and thereby changing the direction of the magnetic field in the region affected by the shock .
+4	We address the computationally hard problem of computing optimal control assignments ( as defined in FRACTAL ) in terms of a greedy approximation algorithm called FRACTAL-G. We compare the decrease in the number of remaining minimal cardinality diagnoses of FRACTAL-G to that of two more FRACTAL algorithms : FRACTAL-ATPG and FRACTAL-P. FRACTAL-ATPG is based on ATPG and sequential diagnosis while FRACTAL-P is based on probing and , although not an active testing algorithm , provides a baseline for comparing the lower bound on the number of reachable diagnoses for the FRACTAL algorithms .	Model-based diagnostic reasoning often leads to a large number of diagnostic hypotheses .	The set of diagnoses can be reduced by taking into account extra observations ( passive monitoring ) , measuring additional variables ( probing ) or executing additional tests ( sequential diagnosis/test sequencing ) .	In this paper we combine the above approaches with techniques from Automated Test Pattern Generation ( ATPG ) and Model-Based Diagnosis ( MBD ) into a framework called FRACTAL ( FRamework for ACtive Testing ALgorithms ) .	Apart from the inputs and outputs that connect a system to its environment , in active testing we consider additional input variables to which a sequence of test vectors can be supplied .
+1	By looking at the microscopic dynamics of the model , we are able to show how culture traits spread across different cultural features .	We analyze the dynamics toward cultural consensus in the Axelrod model on scale-free networks .	We compare the diffusion at the level of cultural features to the growth of cultural consensus at the global level , finding important differences between these two processes .	In particular , we show that even when most of the cultural features have reached macroscopic consensus , there are still no signals of globalization .	Finally , we analyze the topology of consensus clusters both for global culture and at the feature level of representation .
+0	Using numerical hydrodynamic simulations , we study the gravitational fragmentation of an unstable protostellar disc formed during the collapse of a pre-stellar core with a mass of 1.2 M_sun .	The forming fragments span a mass range from about a Jupiter mass to very-low-mass protostars and are located at distances from a few tens to a thousand AU , with a dearth of objects at & lt ; 100 AU .	We explore the possibility of observational detection of the fragments in discs viewed through the outflow cavity at a distance of 250 pc .	We demonstrate that one hour of integration time with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array ( ALMA ) is sufficient to detect the fragments with masses as low as 1.5 M_Jup at orbital distances up to 800 AU from the protostar .	The ALMA resolution sets the limit on the minimum orbital distance of detectable fragments .
+4	We observe a photoinduced bleaching of the gap excitation that we associate with phase space filling , and estimate the excluded area of the photoexcited state to be about nine copper oxide plaquettes .	Energy- and time-resolved spectroscopy reveals a photoinduced softening of the charge-transfer gap in the insulating copper oxide Sr2CuO2Cl2 that indicates rapid and efficient photoproduction of optical phonons .	By relating the pump-probe signal amplitude to the thermal difference spectrum , we estimate that eleven to twenty optical phonons are created for every one 3 eV photon .	Assuming relaxation to the optical absorption edge at 1.5 eV , this corresponds to 70-130 meV per boson .	While the lower limit is consistent with relaxation exclusively through optical phonons , the upper limit suggests a significant role for magnetic excitations .
+1	We find that this void is entirely a cold spot on the microwave background , in contrast to a non-linear void .	We explore the signature of a cold dark matter compensated void in the quasi non-linear regime .	On the last scattering surface ( LSS ) , it appears as either a hot or cold spot depending on where this surface cuts the void .	In addition , because the usual cancellations do not occur , the void 's LSS signature can be very large as it is proportional to $ R/H^ { -1 } $ rather than $ ( R/H^ { -1 } ) ^3 $ .	This implies strict limits for voids on the LSS .
+2	We also examine how the choice of genetic algorithm operators affects the quality of the best network found .	This paper explores the use of genetic algorithms for the design of networks , where the demands on the network fluctuate in time .	For varying network constraints , we find the best network using the standard genetic algorithm operators such as inversion , mutation and crossover .	Such networks typically contain redundancy in servers , where several servers perform the same task and pleiotropy , where servers perform multiple tasks .	We explore this trade-off between pleiotropy versus redundancy on the cost versus reliability as a measure of the quality of the network .
+2	We give a geometrical and physical interpretations for the { +1 , -1 } Yang monopole charges .	Based on the result of string/string duality , we construct the six dimensional Yang monopole in terms of Type IIA wrapped D-branes .	In particular , we show that all the information of such a magnetic solution can be encoded in the K3 surface compactification in the presence of D2 and D4-branes wrapping its non trivial cycles .	Lifting to eleven dimensions , we relate this Type IIA configuration with the heterotic M-theory one , given in hep-th/0607193 .	The nature of the black Yang monopole is also discussed .
+4	The diphoton measurement could be a potential candidate to constrain the gluon distribution inside the proton .	We have studied the production of single isolated prompt photons in high energy proton-proton collisions at the RHIC ( $ \sqrt { s } $ = 200 GeV ) and the LHC ( $ \sqrt { s } $ = 7 TeV ) energies within the frame work of perturbative QCD upto next-to leading order of strong coupling ( $ \alpha_s $ ) .	We have used five different parameterizations of parton distribution function ( PDF ) starting from the old CTEQ4M to the new CT10 distributions and compared our results with the recent single prompt photon data from the PHENIX and the CMS collaborations .	The prompt photon cross-section is found to be described equally well by all the PDF 's within the experimental errors at the RHIC and the LHC energies .	The deviation in the prompt photon yield for different PDF sets is within $ \pm $ 20 % when compared to CTEQ4M .
+1	However , when representing sequential data from complex systems such as global shipping traffic or web clickstream traffic as networks , conventional network representations that implicitly assume the Markov property ( first-order dependency ) can quickly become limiting .	To ensure the correctness of network analysis methods , the network ( as the input ) has to be a sufficiently accurate representation of the underlying data .	This assumption holds that when movements are simulated on the network , the next movement depends only on the current node , discounting the fact that the movement may depend on several previous steps .	However , we show that data derived from many complex systems can show up to fifth-order dependencies .	In these cases , the oversimplifying assumption of the first-order network representation can lead to inaccurate network analysis results .
+3	The electrostatic interactions are calculated using Ewald sums and , for the macroscopic long range electrostatic interactions , we use our previously proposed coarsed fit of the ( perpendicular to the bilayer plane ) molecular charge distributions with gaussian distributions .	We propose a very simple but realistic enough model which allows to include a large number of molecules in molecular dynamics MD simulations of these bilayers , but nevertheless taking into account molecular charge distributions , flexible amphiphilic molecules and a reliable model of water .	All these parameters are essential in a nanoscopic scale study of intermolecular and long range electrostatic interactions .	This model was previously used by us to simulate a Newton black film and in this paper we extend our investigation to bilayers of the biological membrane type .	To study an unique biological membrane ( not an stack of bilayers ) , we propose a simple effective external potential that takes into account the microscopic pair distribution functions of water and is used to simulate the interaction with the surrounding water .
+4	The paper derives a formula for maximum likelihood decoding for this channel , and also defines and justifies a notion of minimum distance of a code in this context .	K.A.S .	Immink and J.H .	Weber recently defined and studied a channel with both gain and offset mismatch , modelling the behaviour of charge-leakage in flash memory .	They proposed a decoding measure for this channel based on minimising Pearson distance ( a notion from cluster analysis ) .
+1	However , simple models that describe the main processes involved in tumoral dynamics , e.g. , competition and mutation , can give us clues about cancer behaviour , at least qualitatively , also allowing us to make predictions .	Cancer is a complex disease and thus is complicated to model .	Here we analyze a simplified quasispecies mathematical model given by differential equations describing the time behaviour of tumor cells populations with different levels of genomic instability .	We find the equilibrium points , also characterizing their stability and bifurcations focusing on replication and mutation rates .	We identify a transcritical bifurcation at increasing mutation rates of the tumor cells population .
+0	In this thesis we investigate cosmological models more general than the isotropic and homogeneous Friedmann-Lemaitre models .	We focus on cosmologies with one spatial degree of freedom , whose matter content consists of a perfect fluid and the cosmological constant .	We formulate the Einstein field equations as a system of quasilinear first order partial differential equations , using scale-invariant variables .	The primary goal is to study the dynamics in the two asymptotic regimes , i.e.near the initial singularity and at late times .	We highlight the role of spatially homogeneous dynamics as the background dynamics , and analyze the inhomogeneous aspect of the dynamics .
+2	The approach can accelerate computation of the target distribution of a Bayesian inference problem , without compromising exactness , by exploiting subsets of data .	We present a general framework for accelerating a large class of widely used Markov chain Monte Carlo ( MCMC ) algorithms .	Our approach exploits fast , iterative approximations to the target density to speculatively evaluate many potential future steps of the chain in parallel .	It takes advantage of whatever parallel resources are available , but produces results exactly equivalent to standard serial execution .	In the initial burn-in phase of chain evaluation , it achieves speedup over serial evaluation that is close to linear in the number of available cores .
+2	If the scale of the perturbation is smaller than the Fresnel scale $ \sim 100 { pc } ( f/ { mHz } ) ^ { -1/2 } $ ( $ f $ is the GW frequency ) , the GW is not magnified due to the diffraction effect .	When a gravitational wave ( GW ) from a distant source propagates through the universe , its amplitude and phase change due to gravitational lensing by the inhomogeneous mass distribution .	We derive the amplitude and phase fluctuations , and calculate these variances in the limit of a weak gravitational field of density perturbation .	The rms amplitude fluctuation is $ 1-10 % $ for $ f & gt ; 10^ { -10 } $ Hz , but it is reduced less than 5 % for a very low frequency of $ f & lt ; 10^ { -12 } $ Hz .	The rms phase fluctuation in the chirp signal is $ \sim 10^ { -3 } $ radian at LISA frequency band ( $ 10^ { -5 } - 10^ { -1 } $ Hz ) .
+2	We show that the apparently extended X-ray core emission seen with the ROSAT HRI is due to the superposition of multiple discrete sources for which we determine the X-ray luminosity function down to a limit of about 6xE30 erg/s .	We report here the results of the first Chandra X-Ray Observatory observations of the globular cluster M28 ( NGC 6626 ) .	46 X-ray sources are detected , of which 12 lie within one core radius of the center .	For the first time the unconfused phase-averaged X-ray spectrum of the 3.05-ms pulsar B1821 -- 24 is measured and found to be best described by a power law with photon index ~ 1.2 .	Marginal evidence of an emission line centered at 3.3 keV in the pulsar spectrum is found , which could be interpreted as cyclotron emission from a corona above the pulsar 's polar cap if the the magnetic field is strongly different from a centered dipole .
+4	The negative free energy of sufficiently large black holes implies the existence of a Hawking-Page transition .	An explicit formula for the ADM mass of an asymptotically AdS black hole in a generic Lovelock gravity theory is presented , identical in form to that in Einstein gravity , but multiplied by a function of the Lovelock coupling constants and the AdS curvature radius .	A Gauss ' law type formula relates the mass , which is an integral at infinity , to an expression depending instead on the horizon radius .	This and other thermodynamic quantities , such as the free energy , are then analyzed in the limits of small and large horizon radius , yielding results that are independent of the detailed choice of Lovelock couplings .	In even dimensions , the temperature diverges in both limits , implying the existence of a minimum temperature for black holes .
+0	Let T be an aperiodic and repetitive tiling of R^d with finite local complexity .	Let O be its tiling space with canonical transversal X .	The tiling equivalence relation R_X is the set of pairs of tilings in X which are translates of each others , with a certain ( etale ) topology .	In this paper R_X is reconstructed as a generalized `` tail equivalence '' on a Bratteli diagram , with its standard AF-relation as a subequivalence relation .	Using a generalization of the Anderson-Putnam complex , O is identified with the inverse limit of a sequence of finite CW-complexes .
+2	Moreover , there is a random jump of the state process .	In this paper , we consider a constrained stochastic linear-quadratic ( LQ ) optimal control problem where the control is constrained in a closed cone .	The state process is governed by a controlled SDE with random coefficients .	In mathematical finance , the random jump often represents the default of a counter party .	Thanks to the It\^o-Tanaka formula , optimal control and optimal value can be obtained by solutions of a system of backward stochastic differential equations ( BSDEs ) .
+0	We argue , that in Einsteinian gravity the Planck length is the shortest length of nature , and any attempt of resolving trans-Planckian physics bounces back to macroscopic distances due to black hole formation .	In Einstein gravity trans-Planckian propagating quantum degrees of freedom can not exist , instead they are equivalent to the classical black holes that are fully described by lighter infra-red degrees of freedom and give exponentially-soft contribution into the virtual processes .	Based on this property we argue that pure-Einstein ( super ) gravity and its high-dimensional generalizations are self-complete in deep-UV , but not in standard Wilsonian sense .	We suggest that certain strong-coupling limit of string theory is built-in in pure Einstein gravity , whereas the role of weakly-coupled string theory limit is to consistently couple gravity to other particle species , with their number being set by the inverse string coupling .	We also discuss some speculative ideas generalizing the notion of non-Wilsonian self-completeness to other theories , such as the standard model without the Higgs .
+4	When this constraint is implemented , the likelihood ( or chi^2 ) receives a significant correction ( delta_chi^2 ) that worsens the current data fits of SUSY models .	TeV-scale supersymmetry was originally introduced to solve the hierarchy problem and therefore fix the electroweak ( EW ) scale in the presence of quantum corrections .	Numerical methods testing the SUSY models often report a good likelihood L ( or chi^2=-2ln L ) to fit the data { \it including } the EW scale itself ( m_Z^0 ) with a { \it simultaneously } large fine-tuning i.e.a large variation of this scale under a small variation of the SUSY parameters .	We argue that this is inconsistent and we identify the origin of this problem .	Our claim is that the likelihood ( or chi^2 ) to fit the data that is usually reported in such models does not account for the chi^2 cost of fixing the EW scale .
+0	Phosphorene , a honeycomb structure of black phosphorus , was isolated recently .	We investigate electric properties of phosphorene nanoribbons based on the tight-binding model .	A prominent feature is the presence of quasi-flat edge bands entirely detached from the bulk band .	We explore the mechanism of the emergence of the quasi-flat bands analytically and numerically from the flat bands well known in graphene by a continuous deformation of a honeycomb lattice .	The quasi-flat bands can be controlled by applying in-plane electric field perpendicular to the ribbon direction .
+3	Using this measure we show that the amount of quantum correlations produced , is proportional to the classical correlations in the initial state .	Local noise can produce quantum correlations on an initially classically correlated state , provided that it is not represented by a unital or semi-classical channel \cite { DagmarBruss } .	We find the power of any given local channel for producing quantum correlations on an initially classically correlated state .	We introduce a computable measure for quantifying the quantum correlations in quantum-classical states , which is based on the non-commutativity of ensemble states in one party of the composite system .	The power of an arbitrary channel for producing quantum correlations is found by averaging over all possible initial states .
+2	We evaluate these quantities in the context of the most general CP-conserving , R-parity-violating B-conserving extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model .	R-parity-violating supersymmetry with a conserved baryon number B provides a framework for particle physics with lepton number ( L ) violating interactions .	Two important probes of the L-violating physics are neutrino masses and sneutrino-antisneutrino mass-splittings .	In generic three-generation models , three sneutrino-antisneutrino mass splittings are generated at tree-level .	In contrast , only one neutrino mass is generated at tree-level ; the other two neutrinos acquire masses at one-loop .
+3	In addition , we give a derivation of Zamolodchikov 's formulae .	We examine the spectrum and boundary energy in boundary sine-Gordon theory , based on our recent results on the complete spectrum predicted by closing the boundary bootstrap .	We check the spectrum and the reflection factors against truncated conformal space , together with a ( still unpublished ) prediction by Al.B .	Zamolodchikov for the boundary energy and the relation between the parameters of the scattering amplitudes and of the perturbed CFT Hamiltonian .	We find an entirely consistent picture and strong evidence for the validity of the conjectured spectrum and scattering amplitudes , which together give a complete description of the boundary sine-Gordon theory on mass shell .
+1	Seven sub-systems monitor beam conditions and the radiation level inside the detector on different time scales .	The Beam Conditions and Radiation Monitoring System , BRM , is implemented in CMS to protect the detector and provide an interface to the LHC .	They detect adverse beam conditions , facilitate beam tuning close to CMS , and measure the doses accumulated in different detector components .	Data are taken and analysed independently of the CMS data acquisition , displayed in the control room , and provide inputs to the trigger system and the LHC operators .	In case of beam conditions dangerous to the CMS detector , a beam abort is induced .
+0	We report the discovery of extremely broad 21-cm HI absorption ( FWZI ~1600 km/s ) detected with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in the radio source 4C37.11 ( B2 0402+379 ) .	This object has been claimed to host a super-massive binary black hole ( Rodriguez et al.2006 ) .	The main features in the absorption profile are two components , separated by ~1100 km/s .	The HI absorption in 4C37.11 is unusual because it is the first case where such broad absorption is found to be centred on the systemic velocity of the host galaxy and not asymmetric and blueshifted as is seen in all other galaxies with broad HI absorption .	Given the large width of the absorption , we suggest that a possible explanation for the extreme properties of the HI absorption is that it is the kinematic signature of a binary black hole .
+1	The stellar progenitor disks are destroyed by violent relaxation during the merging and most of their stars form a classical bulge , while the remaining form a thick disk and its bar .	Using three fiducial Nbody+SPH simulations , we follow the merging of two disk galaxies with a hot gaseous halo component each , and examine whether the merger remnant can be a spiral galaxy .	A new stellar disk forms subsequently and gradually in the remnant from the gas accreted mainly from the halo .	It is vertically thin and well extended in its equatorial plane .	A bar starts forming before the disk is fully in place , contrary to what is assumed in idealised simulations of isolated bar-forming galaxies .
+2	ROSAT HRI images reveal the X-ray emission from LMC2 and the spur to be truly diffuse , indicating a hot plasma origin .	LMC2 has the highest X-ray surface brightness of all know supergiant shells in the Large Magellanic Cloud ( LMC ) .	The X-ray emission peaks within the ionized filaments that define the shell boundary , but also extends beyond the southern border of LMC2 as an X-ray bright spur .	We have obtained ROSAT PSPC and ASCA SIS spectra to study the physical conditions of the hot gas interior to LMC2 and the spur .	Raymond-Smith thermal plasma model fits to the X-ray spectra , constrained by HI 21-cm emission-line measurements of the column density , show the plasma temperature of the hot gas interior of LMC2 to be kT = 0.1 - 0.7 keV and of the spur to be kT = 0.1 - 0.5 keV .
+0	We show that light tunneling inhibition may take place in suitable dynamically modulated waveguide arrays for light spots whose features are remarkably smaller than the wavelength of light .	We found that tunneling between neighboring waveguides can be suppressed for specific frequencies of the out-of-phase refractive index modulation , affording undistorted propagation of the input subwavelength light spots over hundreds of Rayleigh lengths .	Tunneling inhibition turns out to be effective only when the waveguide separation in the array is above a critical threshold .	Inclusion of a weak focusing nonlinearity is shown to improve localization .	We analyze the phenomenon in purely dielectric structures and also in arrays containing periodically spaced metallic layers .
+1	The vector $ \bdB = \nabla q \times \nabla\theta $ satisfies the same type of stretching and folding equation as that for the vorticity field $ \bom $ in the incompressible Euler equations ( Gibbon & amp ; Holm , 2010 ) .	Two possible diagnostics of stretching and folding ( S & amp ; F ) in fluid flows are discussed , based on the dynamics of the gradient of potential vorticity ( $ q = \bom\cdot\nabla\theta $ ) associated with solutions of the three-dimensional Euler and Navier-Stokes equations .	The quantity $ \theta $ may be chosen as the potential temperature for the stratified , rotating Euler/Navier-Stokes equations , or it may play the role of a seeded passive scalar for the Euler equations alone .	The first discussion of these S & amp ; F-flow diagnostics concerns a numerical test for Euler codes and also includes a connection with the two-dimensional surface quasi-geostrophic equations .	The second S & amp ; F-flow diagnostic concerns the evolution of the Lamb vector $ \bsD = \bom\times\bu $ , which is the nonlinearity for Euler 's equations apart from the pressure .
+3	In the synchronized state we demonstrate a significant reduction in the phase noise of the oscillators , which is key for sensor and clock applications .	We investigate the synchronization of oscillators based on anharmonic nanoelectromechanical resonators .	Our experimental implementation allows unprecedented observation and control of parameters governing the dynamics of synchronization .	We find close quantitative agreement between experimental data and theory describing reactively coupled Duffing resonators with fully saturated feedback gain .	Our work establishes that oscillator networks constructed from nanomechanical resonators form an ideal laboratory to study synchronization given their high-quality factors , small footprint , and ease of co-integration with modern electronic signal processing technologies .
+0	Polymerization dynamics of single actin filaments is investigated theoretically using a stochastic model that takes into account the hydrolysis of ATP-actin subunits , the geometry of actin filament tips , the lateral interactions between the monomers as well as the processes at both ends of the polymer .	Exact analytical expressions are obtained for a mean growth velocity and for dispersion in length fluctuations .	It is found that the ATP hydrolysis has a strong effect on dynamic properties of single actin filaments .	At high concentrations of free actin monomers the mean size of unhydrolyzed ATP-cap is very large , and the dynamics is governed by association/dissociation of ATP-actin subunits .	However , at low concentrations the size of the cap becomes finite , and the dissociation of ADP-actin subunits makes a significant contribution to overall dynamics .
+4	On the other hand , the coincidence rate shows a quadratic plus cubic power dependence , which indicates a departure from the Stokes-induced anti-Stokes process .	We investigate the arrival statistics of Stokes ( S ) and anti-Stokes ( aS ) Raman photons generated in diamond membranes .	Strong quantum correlations between the S and aS signals are observed , which implies that the two processes share the same phonon , that is , the phonon excited by the S process is consumed in the aS process .	We show that the intensity cross-correlation $ g_ { \rm S , aS } ^ { ( 2 ) } ( 0 ) $ , which describes the simultaneous detection of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons , decreases steadily with laser power as $ 1/ { \rm P_L } $ .	Contrary to many other material systems , diamond exhibits a maximum $ g_ { \rm S , aS } ^ { ( 2 ) } ( 0 ) $ at very low pump powers , implying that the Stokes-induced aS photons outnumber the thermally generated aS photons .
+1	The original idea of Dirac sea for fermions , where the vacuum state is considered as a state completely filled by fermions of negative energy and holes in the sea are identified as anti-particles , is extended to boson case in a consistent manner .	Bosonic formulation of the negative energy sea , so called Dirac sea , is proposed by constructing a hole theory for bosons as a new formulation of the second quantization of bosonic fields .	The bosonic vacuum consists of a sea filled by negative energy bosonic states , while physical probabilities become always positive definite .	We introduce a method of the double harmonic oscillator to formulate the hole theory of bosons .	Our formulation is also applicable to supersymmetric field theory .
+3	Here a new approach is suggested for the calculation of the moments , that uses a change of variables that reduces the problem to an integration over a portion of the surface of an n-dimensional sphere .	This paper reconsiders the problem of calculating the expected set of probabilities & lt ; p_i & gt ; , given the observed set of items { m_i } , that are distributed among n bins with an ( unknown ) set of probabilities { p_i } for being placed in the ith bin .	The problem is often formulated using Bayes theorem and the multinomial distribution , along with a constant prior for the values of the p_i , leading to a Dirichlet distribution for the { p_i } .	The moments of the p_i can then be calculated exactly .	This greatly simplifies the calculation by allowing a straightforward integration over ( n-1 ) independent variables , with the constraints on the set of p_i being automatically satisfied .
+0	In this work , we consider excited many-body mean-field states of bosons in a double-well optical lattice by investigating stationary Bloch solutions to the non-linear equations of motion .	We show that , for any positive interaction strength , a loop structure emerges at the edge of the band structure whose existence is entirely due to interactions .	This can be contrasted to the case of a conventional optical ( Bravais ) lattice where a loop appears only above a critical repulsive interaction strength .	Motivated by the possibility of realizing such non-linear Bloch states experimentally , we analyze the collective excitations about these non-linear stationary states and thereby establish conditions for the system 's energetic and dynamical stability .	We find that there are regimes that are dynamically stable and thus apt to be realized experimentally .
+2	Starting from a chiral nucleon-nucleon interaction at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order , we compute the giant dipole resonances of 4He , 16,22O and 40Ca , truncating the coupled-cluster equation-of-motion method at the two-particle-two-hole excitation level .	We combine the coupled-cluster method and the Lorentz integral transform for the computation of inelastic reactions into the continuum .	We show that the bound-state-like equation characterizing the Lorentz integral transform method can be reformulated based on extensions of the coupled-cluster equation-of-motion method , and we discuss strategies for viable numerical solutions .	Within this scheme , we find a low-lying E1 strength in the neutron-rich 22O nucleus , which compares fairly well with data from [ Leistenschneider et al.Phys.Rev.Lett .	86 , 5442 ( 2001 ) ] .
+1	In this work we report the single photon exchange from a medium Earth orbit satellite ( MEO ) at more than 7000 km of slanted distance to the ground station at the Matera Laser Ranging Observatory .	Extending the single photon transmission distance is a basic requirement for the implementation of quantum communication on a global scale .	The single photon transmitter was realized by exploiting the corner cube retro-reflectors mounted on the LAGEOS-2 satellite .	Long duration of data collection is possible with such altitude , up to 43 minutes in a single passage .	The mean number of photons per pulse ( { \mu } sat ) has been limited to 1 for 200 seconds , resulting in an average detection rate of 3.0 cps and a signal to noise ratio of 1.5 .
+4	Anharmonic phonon-phonon scattering is the dominant intrinsic limitation to thermal transport in insulators .	Molybdenum disulfide ( MoS $ _2 $ ) is a promising material for making two-dimensional crystals and flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices at the nanoscale .	MoS $ _2 $ flakes can show high mobilities and have even been integrated in nanocircuits .	A fundamental requirement for such use is efficient thermal transport .	Electronic transport generates heat which needs to be evacuated , more crucially so in nanostructures .
+0	Thermoelectric generators are particularly suitable to investigate the irreversible processes which govern the coupled transport of matter and heat in solid-state systems .	We study the efficiency at maximum power in the strong coupling regime , where the thermal flux is proportionnal to the electrical current inside the generator .	We demonstrate that depending on the source of irreversibility we obtain either the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency for external dissipation or a universal efficiency at maximum power for internal dissipation .	A continuous change between these two extremes is evidenced .	Effects of dissymetry of thermal contact conductance are also investigated .
+2	This theory is believed to be a reasonable model when single-electron charging effects are negligible .	I consider the non-equilibrium DC transport of electrons through a quantum system with a thermoelectric response .	This system may be any nanostructure or molecule modeled by the nonlinear scattering theory which includes Hartree-like electrostatic interactions exactly , and certain dynamic interaction effects ( decoherence and relaxation ) phenomenologically .	I derive three fundamental bounds for such quantum systems coupled to multiple macroscopic reservoirs , one of which may be superconducting .	These bounds affect nonlinear heating ( such as Joule heating ) , work and entropy production .
+3	I then show how to define estimators which minimize this E/B-mode mixing and give practical recipes for their construction and use .	In this work I study the problem of E/B-mode separation with binned cosmic shear two-point correlation function data .	Motivated by previous work on E/B-mode separation with shear two-point correlation functions and the practical considerations of data analysis , I consider E/B-mode estimators which are linear combinations of the binned shear correlation function data points .	I demonstrate that these estimators mix E- and B-modes generally .	Using these optimal estimators , I demonstrate that the vector space composed of the binned shear correlation function data points can be decomposed into approximately ambiguous , E- and B-mode subspaces .
+2	Then the gluonic potential can be written by using the microscopic characters ; the gluon and ghost propagators in Landau gauge fixing .	Contribution of the quark back reaction to the deconfinement phase transition is studied in the thermodynamical potential of the gluonic sector which consists of the gluon and ghost propagators calculated in the lattice QCD simulations .	Starting from QCD thermodynamic potential , we define the gluonic potential in the leading-order of the 2PI formalism , which can describe the deconfinement phase transition .	To include effects of the quark back reaction , we calculate the gluon propagators in lattice QCD simulations with two-flavored dynamical quarks .	Fitting the lattice data by the Gribov-Stingl form and investigating the phase transition of the gluonic potential , we find that enhancement of the quark back reaction reduces the critical temperature of the deconfinement phase transition .
+0	In this paper , the compression of an independent and identically distributed Gaussian source sequence is studied in an unsecure network .	Within a game theoretic setting for a three-party noiseless communication network ( sender Alice , legitimate receiver Bob , and eavesdropper Eve ) , the problem of how to efficiently compress a Gaussian source with limited secret key in order to guarantee that Bob can reconstruct with high fidelity while preventing Eve from estimating an accurate reconstruction is investigated .	It is assumed that Alice and Bob share a secret key with limited rate .	Three scenarios are studied , in which the eavesdropper ranges from weak to strong in terms of the causal side information she has .	It is shown that one bit of secret key per source symbol is enough to achieve perfect secrecy performance in the Gaussian squared error setting , and the information theoretic region is not optimized by joint Gaussian random variables .
+3	In this paper , we propose an efficient moment estimation method , called Multiple-Population Moment Estimation ( MPME ) , that significantly improves estimation accuracy under small sample size .	Moment estimation is an important problem during circuit validation , in both pre-Silicon and post-Silicon stages .	From the estimated moments , the probability of failure and parametric yield can be estimated at each circuit configuration and corner , and these metrics are used for design optimization and making product qualification decisions .	The problem is especially difficult if only a very small sample size is allowed for measurement or simulation , as is the case for complex analog/mixed-signal circuits .	The key idea is to leverage the data collected under different corners/configurations to improve the accuracy of moment estimation at each individual corner/configuration .
+3	In the presence of this large spectral broadening , the phase mismatch due to angular dispersion is greatly enhanced .	Terahertz ( THz ) generation by optical rectification ( OR ) using tilted-pulse-fronts is studied .	One-dimensional ( 1-D ) and 2-D spatial models , which simultaneously account for ( i ) the nonlinear coupled interaction of the THz and optical radiation , ( ii ) angular and material dispersion , ( iii ) absorption , iv ) self-phase modulation and ( v ) stimulated Raman scattering are presented .	We numerically show that the large experimentally observed cascaded frequency down-shift and spectral broadening ( cascading effects ) of the optical pump pulse is a direct consequence of THz generation .	Consequently , this cascading effect in conjunction with angular dispersion is shown to be the strongest limitation to THz generation in lithium niobate for pumping at 1 micron .
+1	We will consider two cases : the case of Shimura varieties associated with unitary groups that split over an unramified extension of $ \mathbb { Q } _p $ and the case of Siegel modular varieties .	We study $ p $ -adic integral models of certain PEL Shimura varieties with level subgroup at $ p $ related to the $ \Gamma_1 ( p ) $ -level subgroup in the case of modular curves .	We construct local models , i.e.simpler schemes which are \ ' { e } tale locally isomorphic to the integral models .	Our integral models are defined by a moduli scheme using the notion of an Oort-Tate generator of a group scheme .	We use these local models to find a resolution of the integral model in the case of the Siegel modular variety of genus 2 .
+1	While this contribution has been detected in the temperature-polarization cross power spectrum measured with WMAP data , due to the large cosmic variance associated with anisotropy measurements at tens of degree angular scales only limited information related to reionization , such as the optical depth to electron scattering , can be extracted .	The free-electron population during the reionized epoch rescatters CMB temperature quadrupole and generates a now well-known polarization signal at large angular scales .	The inhomogeneities in the free-electron population lead to an additional secondary polarization anisotropy contribution at arcminute scales .	While the fluctuation amplitude , relative to dominant primordial fluctuations , is small , we suggest that a cross-correlation between arcminute scale CMB polarization data and a tracer field of the high redshift universe , such as through fluctuations captured by the 21 cm neutral Hydrogen background or those in the infrared background related to first proto-galaxies , may allow one to study additional details related to reionization .	For this purpose , we discuss an optimized higher order correlation measurement , in the form of a three-point function , including information from large angular scale CMB temperature anisotropies in addition to arcminute scale polarization signal related to inhomogeneous reionization .
+4	In the wideband limit , a closed form solution of the noise spectra for finite voltages is obtained .	The current noise in a multi-probe mesoscopic conductor can have a nonlinear dependence on the strength of driving bias voltage .	This paper presents a theoretical formulation for the nonlinear noise spectra .	We pay special attention to maintain gauge invariance at the nonlinear level .	At small but finite voltages , explicit expressions for nonlinear noise spectra , expanded order by order in the bias , have been derived .
+3	To study the collective behavior of many vortices , we introduce an effective lattice model of Majorana fermions .	We study the collective states of interacting non-Abelian anyons that emerge in Kitaev 's honeycomb lattice model .	Vortex-vortex interactions are shown to lead to the lifting of the topological degeneracy and the energy is discovered to exhibit oscillations that are consistent with Majorana fermions being localized at vortex cores .	We show how to construct states corresponding to the fusion channel degrees of freedom and obtain the energy gaps characterizing the stability of the topological low energy spectrum .	We find necessary conditions for it to approximate the spectrum of the honeycomb lattice model and show that bi-partite interactions are responsible for the degeneracy lifting also in many vortex systems .
+2	The task is to find an approximate top-k set that is close to the exact one while keeping the total processing cost low .	We consider the evaluation of approximate top-k queries from relations with a-priori unknown values .	Such relations can arise for example in the context of expensive predicates , or cloud-based data sources .	The cost of a query is the sum of the costs of the entries that are read from the hidden relation .	A novel aspect of this work is that we consider prior information about the values in the hidden matrix .
+2	We have obtained the upper bound of the radiation energy thermodynamically allowed in the process .	We have investigated the upper bound of the radiation energy in the head-on collision of two Myers-Perry black holes .	Initially , the two black holes are far away from each other , and they become one black hole after the collision .	The upper bound of the radiation energy is obtained in general dimensions .	The radiation bound depends on the alignments of rotating axes for a given initial condition due to spin-spin interaction .
+4	We find that both DC_SFH and DC_Muv make a sharp transition from zero ( for galaxies with Ms & lt ; = 10^7 Msun ) to unity ( for Ms & gt ; 10^9 Msun ) .	We examine the duty cycle and the history of star formation ( SFH ) for high-redshift galaxies at z & gt ; =6 using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations .	We find that , even though individual galaxies have bursty SFH , the averaged SFH between z~15 to z=6 can be characterized well by either an exponentially increasing functional form with characteristic time-scales of 70 Myr to 200 Myr for galaxies with stellar masses Ms~10^6 Msun to & gt ; 10^10 Msun respectively , or by a simple power-law form which exhibits a similar mass dependent time-scales .	Using the SFH of individual galaxies , we measure the duty cycle of star formation ( DC_SFH ) ; i.e. , the fraction of time a galaxy of a particular mass spends above a star formation rate ( SFR ) threshold which would make it observable to the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) during a given epoch .	We also examine the fraction of galaxies at a given redshift that are brighter than a rest-frame UV magnitude ( Muv ~ -18 ) , which is sufficient enough to make them observable ( DC_Muv ) .
+4	The combination of the \pi ( 1300 ) pole dominated annihilation contribution and the internal K , K* exchange can saturate present experimental upper bound on Ds+ -- & gt ; rho0 pi+ decay rate , which is therefore expected to be within the experimental reach .	We investigate the decay mechanisms in the Ds+ -- & gt ; omega pi+ and Ds+ -- & gt ; rho0 pi+ transitions .	The naive factorization ansatz predicts vanishing amplitude for the Ds+ -- & gt ; omega pi+ decay , while the Ds+ -- & gt ; rho0 pi+ decay amplitude does have an annihilation contribution also in this limit .	Both decays can proceed through intermediate states of hidden strangeness , e.g.K , K* , which we estimate in this paper .	These contributions can explain the experimental value for the Ds+ -- & gt ; omega pi+ decay rate , which no longer can be viewed as a clean signature of the annihilation decay of Ds+ .
+3	We quantify the positive impact the fading channels can have on the final quantum key rates , demonstrating how the protocol is able to generate a positive key rate even over high-loss atmospheric channels .	In this work we analyze a measurement-device-independent ( MDI ) protocol to establish continuous-variable ( CV ) quantum key distribution ( QKD ) between two ground stations .	We assume communication occurs between the ground stations via satellite over two independent atmospheric-fading channels dominated by turbulence-induced beam wander .	In this MDI protocol the measurement device is the satellite itself , and the security of the protocol is analyzed through an equivalent entanglement-based swapping scheme .	This is somewhat counter-intuitive given that the same outcome is only possible in the low-loss regime for a measurement device centrally positioned in a fiber-optic channel .
+4	The AdS/CFT correspondence dictates the parameters of the gravitational dual in such a way that the dynamical brane ( the observable universe ) always occurs outside the horizon .	The particular model of d5 higher derivative gravity which is dual to $ { \cal N } =2 $ $ Sp ( N ) $ SCFT is considered .	A ( perturbative ) AdS black hole in such theory is constructed in the next-to-leading order of the AdS/CFT correspondence .	The surface counterterms are fixed by the conditions required for a well-defined variational procedure and the finiteness of AdS space ( when the brane goes to infinity ) .	A dynamical brane is realized at the boundary of an AdS black hole with a radius that is larger than the horizon radius .
+4	These results are confirmed by numerical simulations .	We develop a new approach for controllable single-photon transport between two remote one-dimensional coupled-cavity arrays , used as quantum registers , mediated by an additional one-dimensional coupled-cavity array , acting as a quantum channel .	A single two-level atom located inside one cavity of the intermediate channel is used to control the long-range coherent quantum coupling between two remote registers , thereby functioning as a quantum switch .	With a time-independent perturbative treatment , we find that the leakage of quantum information can in principle be made arbitrarily small .	Furthermore , our method can be extended to realize a quantum router in multi-register quantum networks , where single-photons can be either stored in one of the registers or transported to another on demand .
+0	We discuss the well known Einstein and the Kubo Fluctuation Dissipation Relations ( FDRs ) in the wider framework of a generalized FDR for systems with a stationary probability distribution .	A multi-variate linear Langevin model , which includes dynamics with memory , is used as a treatable example to show how the usual relations are recovered only in particular cases .	This study brings to the fore the ambiguities of a check of the FDR done without knowing the significant degrees of freedom and their coupling .	An analogous scenario emerges in the dynamics of diluted shaken granular media .	There , the correlation between position and velocity of particles , due to spatial inhomogeneities , induces violation of usual FDRs .
+2	We present algorithms that compute the parent , children , and face-neighbors of a mesh element in constant time , as well as the next and previous element in the space-filling curve and whether a given element is on the boundary of the root simplex or not .	We introduce a space-filling curve for triangular and tetrahedral red-refinement that can be computed using bitwise interleaving operations similar to the well-known Z-order or Morton curve for cubical meshes .	To store the information necessary for random access , we suggest 10 bytes per triangle and 14 bytes per tetrahedron .	Furthermore , we prove that the maximum number of face-connected components in any segment of this curve is bounded by twice the refinement level plus one ( minus one in 2d ) and that the number of corner-connected components is bounded by two .	We conclude with a scalability demonstration that creates and adapts selected meshes on a large distributed-memory system .
+4	Our work provides new insights into the physics of nonradiative recombination , and the mechanisms are suggested to be ubiquitous in wide-band-gap semiconductors .	Defect-assisted recombination is an important limitation on efficiency of optoelectronic devices .	However , since nonradiative capture rates decrease exponentially with energy of the transition , the mechanisms by which such recombination can take place in wide-band-gap materials are unclear .	Using electronic structure calculations we uncover the crucial role of electronic excited states in nonradiative recombination processes .	The impact is elucidated with examples for the group-III nitrides , for which accumulating experimental evidence indicates that defect-assisted recombination limits efficiency .
+4	Basic numerical work suggests that some of the distributional assumptions made for our theoretical results may be relaxed .	Residual variance and the signal-to-noise ratio are important quantities in many statistical models and model fitting procedures .	They play an important role in regression diagnostics , in determining the performance limits in estimation and prediction problems , and in shrinkage parameter selection in many popular regularized regression methods for high-dimensional data analysis .	We propose new estimators for the residual variance , the l2-signal strength , and the signal-to-noise ratio that are consistent and asymptotically normal in high-dimensional linear models with Gaussian predictors and errors , where the number of predictors d is proportional to the number of observations n. Existing results on residual variance estimation in high-dimensional linear models depend on sparsity in the underlying signal .	Our results require no sparsity assumptions and imply that the residual variance may be consistently estimated even when d & gt ; n and the underlying signal itself is non-estimable .
+3	A new format is presented to show results in dimensionless form , that includes a way to show SMD results so they are easily compared .	Extreme speed profiles , that are impossible to anayze correctly using the usual methods , are shown to be easily handled using the methods developed previously by Nicholson ( astro-ph/0006330 ) .	These profiles are constant orbital speeds with sharp and smooth ramps at the origin , and constant angular velocity with speeds increasing linearly to the galaxy rim .	Also an example using measured data for a real galaxy is shown for NGC 3198 .	Based on repeated trials for accuracy , the rod representing the mass of a fundamental segment is now placed at 0.575*dr at the center ring of a galaxy .
+2	We point out that such models have very special properties and in addition , the small axino mass has to be protected against radiative corrections by demanding small couplings in the Peccei -- Quinn -- sector .	We analyze the mass of the axino , the fermionic superpartner of the axion , in general supergravity models incorporating a Peccei -- Quinn -- symmetry and determine the cosmological constraints on this mass .	In particular , we derive a simple criterion to identify models with an LSP -- axino which has a mass of $ O ( m_ { 3/2 } ^2/f_ { PQ } ) =O ( $ keV ) and can serve as a candidate for ( warm ) dark matter .	Generically , we find an axino mass of order $ m_ { 3/2 } $ .	Such masses are constrained by the requirement of an axino decay which occurs before the decoupling of the ordinary LSP .
+1	These setups contain at least one black hole sonic horizon from which the analog of Hawking radiation should be generated and emitted against the flow in the subsonic region .	We study double-barrier interfaces separating regions of asymptotically subsonic and supersonic flow of Bose condensed atoms .	Multiple coherent scattering by the double-barrier structure strongly modulates the transmission probability of phonons , rendering it very sensitive to their frequency .	As a result , resonant tunneling occurs with high probability within a few narrow frequency intervals .	This gives rise to highly non-thermal spectra with sharp peaks .
+0	Audio fingerprinting , also named as audio hashing , has been well-known as a powerful technique to perform audio identification and synchronization .	It basically involves two major steps : fingerprint ( voice pattern ) design and matching search .	While the first step concerns the derivation of a robust and compact audio signature , the second step usually requires knowledge about database and quick-search algorithms .	Though this technique offers a wide range of real-world applications , to the best of the authors ' knowledge , a comprehensive survey of existing algorithms appeared more than eight years ago .	Thus , in this paper , we present a more up-to-date review and , for emphasizing on the audio signal processing aspect , we focus our state-of-the-art survey on the fingerprint design step for which various audio features and their tractable statistical models are discussed .
+2	The NaCl-type phononic crystal consists of two kinds of non-overlapping elastic spheres with different mass densities , $ L\acute { a } me $ coefficients and radius following the same periodicity of the ions in the real NaCl crystal .	Based on the formalism developed by Psarobas et al [ Phys.Rev .	B 62 , 278 ( 2000 ) ] , which using the multiple scattering theory to calculate properties of simple phononic crystals , we propose a very simple method to study the NaCl-type phononic crystal .	We focus on the ( 001 ) surface , and view the crystal as a sequence of planes of spheres , each plane of spheres has identical 2D periodicity .	We obtained the complex band structure of the infinite crystal associated with this plane , and also calculated the transmission , reflection and absorption coefficients for an elastic wave ( longitudinal or transverse ) incident , at any angle , on a slab of the crystal of finite thickness .
+0	Working in the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory , we study chirality-flipping couplings of the top quark to Higgs and gauge bosons .	We discuss in detail the renormalization group evolution to lower energies and investigate direct and indirect contributions to high- and low-energy CP-conserving and CP-violating observables .	Our analysis includes constraints from collider observables , precision electroweak tests , flavor physics , and electric dipole moments .	We find that indirect probes are competitive or dominant for both CP-even and CP-odd observables , even after accounting for uncertainties associated with hadronic and nuclear matrix elements , illustrating the importance of including operator mixing in constraining the Standard Model Effective Field Theory .	We also study scenarios where multiple anomalous top couplings are generated at the high scale , showing that while the bounds on individual couplings relax , strong correlations among couplings survive .
+0	Two-dimensional lattice models subjected to an external effective magnetic field can form nontrivial band topologies characterized by nonzero integer band Chern numbers .	In this Letter , we investigate such a lattice model originating from the Hofstadter model and demonstrate that the band topology transitions can be realized by simply introducing tunable longer-range hopping .	The rich phase diagram of band Chern numbers is obtained for the simple rational flux density and a classification of phases is presented .	In the presence of interactions , the existence of fractional quantum Hall states in both |C|=1 and |C| & gt ; 1 bands is confirmed , which can reflect the band topologies in different phases .	In contrast , when our model reduces to a one-dimensional lattice , the ground states are crucially different from fractional quantum Hall states .
+0	A superconducting RF accelerator test facility is currently under construction at Fermilab .	The accelerator will consist of an electron gun , 40 MeV injector , beam acceleration section consisting of 3 TTF-type or ILC-type cryomodules , and multiple downstream beam lines for testing diagnostics and performing beam experiments .	With 3 cryomodules installed this facility will initially be capable of generating an 810 MeV electron beam with ILC beam intensity .	The facility can accommodate up to 6 cryomodules for a total beam energy of 1.5 GeV .	This facility will be used to test SRF cryomodules under high intensity beam conditions , RF power equipment , instrumentation , and LLRF and controls systems for future SRF accelerators such as the ILC and Project-X .
+0	The `` pushing gate '' proposed by Cirac and Zoller in 2000 for quantum logic in ion traps is discussed , in which a force is used to give a controlled push to a pair of trapped ions and thus realize a phase gate .	The original proposal had a weakness in that it involved a hidden extreme sensitivity to the size of the force .	Also , the physical origin of this force was not fully addressed .	Here , we discuss the sensitivity and present a way to avoid it by choosing the spatial form of the pushing force in an optimal way .	We also analyse the effect of imperfections in a pair of pi pulses which are used to implement a `` spin-echo '' to cancel correlated errors .
+4	The wind properties largely depend on 1 ) the magnetic field strength at the wind base , characterized by the poloidal Alfv\'en speed $ v_ { Ap } $ , 2 ) the sound speed $ c_s $ near the wind base , and 3 ) how rapidly poloidal field lines diverge ( achieve $ R^ { -2 } $ scaling ) .	Global evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary disks ( PPDs ) is governed by disk angular momentum transport and mass-loss processes .	Recent numerical studies suggest that angular momentum transport in the inner region of PPDs is largely driven by magnetized disk wind , yet the wind mass-loss rate remains unconstrained .	On the other hand , disk mass loss has conventionally been attributed to photoevaporation , where external heating on the disk surface drives a thermal wind .	We unify the two scenarios by developing a 1D model of magnetized disk winds with a simple treatment of thermodynamics as a proxy for external heating .
+3	More precisely , our aggregation procedure will provide a sequence of state space partitions such that on an appropriate aggregation level certain properties ( see Properties 1 -- 4 of the Introduction ) are fulfilled .	Glass-forming systems , which are characterized by a highly disordered energy landscape , have been studied in physics by a simulation-based state space aggregation .	The purpose of this article is to develop a path-independent approach within the framework of aperiodic , reversible Markov chains with exponentially small transition probabilities which depend on some energy function .	This will lead to the definition of certain metastates , also called metabasins in physics .	Roughly speaking , this will be the case for the finest aggregation such that transitions back to an already visited ( meta- ) state are very unlikely within a moderate time frame .
+3	One result is a new way to distinguish quantum devices from their classical ( stochastic ) counterparts .	The behavior of a quantum system depends on how it is measured .	How much of what is observed comes from the structure of the quantum system itself and how much from the observer 's choice of measurement ?	We explore these questions by analyzing the \emph { language diversity } of quantum finite-state generators .	While the diversity of languages generated by these two computational classes is the same in the case of periodic processes , quantum systems generally generate a wider range of languages than classical systems .
+0	A model for a chiral material in which both the permittivity and permeability are equal to zero is discussed .	Such a material is referred by us as a `` chiral nihility '' .	It is shown that this exotic material can be realized as a mixture of small helical inclusions .	Wave solutions and energy in such a medium are analyzed .	It is shown that an extraordinary wave in chiral nihility is a backward wave .
+1	The radial velocity distributions of the stars in our fields are well described by three Gaussian components , corresponding to a candidate halo component with an uncorrected radial velocity dispersion of sigma ~ 50km/s , a candidate disk component with a dispersion sigma ~ 16km/s , and a third component offset from the disk by ~ 50km/s , but for which the dispersion is not well constrained .	We present first results from a Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopic survey of red giant branch ( RGB ) stars in M33 .	By comparing our data to a model of M33 based upon its HI rotation curve , we find that the stellar disk is offset in velocity by ~ 25km/s from the HI disk , consistent with the warping which exists between these components .	The spectroscopic metallicity of the halo component is [ Fe/H ] ~ -1.5 , significantly more metal-poor than the implied metallicity of the disk population ( [ Fe/H ] ~ -0.9 ) , which also has a broader colour dispersion than the halo population .	These data represent the first detections of individual stars in the halo of M33 and , despite being ~ 10 times less massive than M31 or the Milky Way , all three of these disk galaxies have stellar halo components with a similar metallicity .
+1	Combinatorial and model-theoretical principles related to regularity of ultrafilters and compactness of topological spaces , I ; 2 .	Contents : 1 .	Frechet-Urysohn fans in free topological groups ; 3 .	Packing index of subsets in Polish groups ; 4 .	Symmetric monochromatic subsets in colorings of the Lobachevsky plane ; 5 .
+1	We first derive a differential equation for the normal of immersions with prescribed weighted mean curvature , generalising a result of Clarenz and von der Mosel .	Utilizing a weight matrix we study surfaces of prescribed weighted mean curvature which yield a natural generalisation to critical points of anisotropic surface energies .	Next we study graphs of prescribed weighted mean curvature , for which a quasilinear elliptic equation is proved .	Using this equation , we can show height and boundary gradient estimates .	Finally , we solve the Dirichlet problem for graphs of prescribed weighted mean curvature .
+3	We find that the ensuing rainbow gravity theory is such that gravity switches off at high energy ( or at least leads to a universal conformal coupling ) .	We re-examine a recently proposed scenario where the deformed dispersion relations associated with a flow of the spectral dimension to a UV value of 2 leads to a scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological fluctuations , without the need for inflation .	In that scenario Einstein gravity was assumed .	The theory displays a wavelength-dependent speed of light but by transforming to a suitable `` rainbow frame '' this feature can be removed , at the expense of modifying gravity .	This explains why the fluctuations are scale-invariant on all scales : there is no horizon scale as such .
+2	The complex conductivity in high-temperature superconducting films is highly sensitive to external perturbations , which provides new opportunities in achieving tunable metamaterials resulting directly from the resonant elements .	Through the integration of semiconductors or complex oxides into metal resonators , tunable metamaterials have been achieved by a change of environment using an external stimulus .	Metals provide high conductivity to realize a strong resonant response in metamaterials ; however , they contribute very little to the tunability .	Here we demonstrate ultrafast dynamical tuning of resonance in the terahertz ( THz ) frequency range in YBa_2Cu_3O_7-\delta ( YBCO ) split-ring resonator arrays excited by near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses .	The photoexcitation breaks the superconducting Cooper pairs to create the quasiparticle state .
+0	In this paper we present the results of a wide-field imaging study of the globular cluster ( GC ) system of the field S0 galaxy NGC 7457 .	To derive the global properties of the GC system , we obtained deep BVR images with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope and Minimosaic Imager and studied the GC population of NGC 7457 to a projected radius of approximately 30 kpc .	Our ground-based data were combined with archival and published Hubble Space Telescope data to probe the properties of the GC system close to the galaxy center and reduce contamination in the GC candidate sample from foreground stars and background galaxies .	We performed surface photometry of NGC 7457 and compared the galaxy 's surface brightness profile with the surface density profile of the GC system .	The profiles have similar shapes in the inner 1 arcminute ( 3.9 kpc ) , but the GC system profile appears to flatten relative to the galaxy light at larger radii .
+4	For each class we obtain analytically the universal function Delta ( u ) , the corrections to the critical force , and the joint probability distribution of avalanche sizes s and waiting times w. We find P ( s ) =P ( w ) for all three cases .	We review how the renormalized force correlator Delta ( u ) , the function computed in the functional RG field theory , can be measured directly in numerics and experiments on the dynamics of elastic manifolds in presence of pinning disorder .	We show how this function can be computed analytically for a particle dragged through a 1-dimensional random-force landscape .	The limit of small velocity allows to access the critical behavior at the depinning transition .	For uncorrelated forces one finds three universality classes , corresponding to the three extreme value statistics , Gumbel , Weibull , and Frechet .
+3	We also give accurate error estimates when the various series involved are replaced by their partial sums , which is paramount for an actual numerical scheme .	We derive in a straightforward way the null controllability of a 1-D heat equation with boundary control .	We use the so-called { \em flatness approach } , which consists in parameterizing the solution and the control by the derivatives of a `` flat output '' .	This provides an explicit control law achieving the exact steering to zero .	Numerical experiments demonstrate the relevance of the approach .
+1	For sufficiently small objects , this usually results in a phase distortion and has no impact on the measured intensity .	When used with coherent light , optical imaging systems , even diffraction-limited , are inherently unable to reproduce both the amplitude and the phase of a two-dimensional field distribution because their impulse response function varies slowly from point to point ( a property known as non-isoplanatism ) .	Here , we show that the intensity distribution can also be dramatically distorted when objects of large extension or of special shapes are imaged .	We illustrate the problem using two simple examples : the pinhole camera and the aberration-free thin lens .	The effects predicted by our theorical analysis are also confirmed by experimental observations .
+3	The calculated damage is 7 dpa .	The radiation damage of the positron source target for the International Linear Collider ( ILC ) has been studied .	The displacement damage in target material due to multi-MeV photons has been calculated by combining FLUKA simulations for secondary particle production , SPECTER data for neutron displacement cross-sections and the Lindhard model for estimations of displacement damage by ions .	The radiation damage of a stationary Ti6Al4V target in units of displacements per atom ( dpa ) has been estimated for photons from an undulator with strength 0.92 and period 1.15 cm .	Approximately 12.5 % of displacement damage result from neutrons .
+0	The low-temperature behavior of the Casimir-Polder free energy and entropy for an atom near a dielectric plate are found on the basis of the Lifshitz theory .	The obtained results are shown to be thermodynamically consistent if the dc conductivity of the plate material is disregarded .	With inclusion of dc conductivity , both the standard Lifshitz theory ( for all dielectrics ) and its generalization taking into account screening effects ( for a wide range of dielectrics ) violate the Nernst heat theorem .	The inclusion of the screening effects is also shown to be inconsistent with experimental data of Casimir force measurements .	The physical reasons for this inconsistency are elucidated .
+2	The former was emitted by the burning WD at highly super-Eddington rate , while the latter represented a fraction of its radiation reprocessed by the thermal nebula .	I modelled the 14 \AA - 37 $ \mu $ m SED of the recurrent symbiotic nova RS Oph during its supersoft source ( SSS ) phase and the following quiescent phase .	During the SSS phase , the model SEDs revealed the presence of a strong stellar and nebular component of radiation in the spectrum .	During the transition phase , both the components were decreasing and during quiescence the SED satisfied radiation produced by a large , optically thick disk ( R ( disk ) & gt ; 10 R ( Sun ) ) .	The mass of the emitting material was ( 1.6 +/- 0.5 ) x 1E-4 ( d/1.6 kpc ) ** ( 5/2 ) M ( Sun ) .
+1	Laser-cooled caesium atoms are transported into the cavity using an optical dipole trap .	We experimentally investigate the interaction between one and two atoms and the field of a high-finesse optical resonator .	We monitor the interaction dynamics of a single atom strongly coupled to the resonator mode for several hundred milliseconds by observing the cavity transmission .	Moreover , we investigate the position-dependent coupling of one and two atoms by shuttling them through the cavity mode .	We demonstrate an alternative method , which suppresses heating effects , to analyze the atom-field interaction by retrieving the atom from the cavity and by measuring its final state .
+0	We have performed powder neutron diffraction on $ ^7 $ Li-enriched sample of LiMn $ _2 $ O $ _4 $ at 300 K. The crystal structure determined by Rietveld analysis is a cubic spinel with space group of $ Fd\bar { 3 } m $ in which all Mn atoms are crystallograghically equivalent , consistent with many preceding studies .	However , the atomic pair distrubution function ( PDF ) of this compound can not be fitted by the cubic structure with space group of $ Fd\bar { 3 } m $ satisfactorily , and it can be reproduced by the orthorhombic structure with $ Fddd $ .	It corresponds with the structure of charge ordered phase below about 260 K , indicating a short range charge ordering .	In the local structure determined by PDF analysis , two types of MnO $ _6 $ octahedra with long and short atomic distances between Mn and O atoms exist and their Mn-O distances are almost consistent with the distances in the charge ordered phase .	From these results , valence electrons are localized at Mn sites like a glass even in the cubic phase , resulting in the non-metallic electrical conductivity .
+2	The model considered in this work has the same universality class of critical behavior of the XX chain with central charge c=1 .	In this work , we investigate an exactly solvable two-leg spin ladder with three-spin interactions .	We obtain analytically the finite-size corrections of the low-lying energies and determine the central charge as well as the scaling dimensions .	By using the correlation matrix method , we also study the finite-size corrections of the Renyi entropy of the ground state and of the excited states .	Our results are in agreement with the predictions of the conformal field theory .
+0	Usually , probabilistic automata and probabilistic grammars have crisp symbols as inputs , which can be viewed as the formal models of computing with values .	In this paper , we first introduce probabilistic automata and probabilistic grammars for computing with ( some special ) words in a probabilistic framework , where the words are interpreted as probabilistic distributions or possibility distributions over a set of crisp symbols .	By probabilistic conditioning , we then establish a retraction principle from computing with words to computing with values for handling crisp inputs and a generalized extension principle from computing with words to computing with all words for handling arbitrary inputs .	These principles show that computing with values and computing with all words can be respectively implemented by computing with some special words .	To compare the transition probabilities of two near inputs , we also examine some analytical properties of the transition probability functions of generalized extensions .
+3	We prove that $ \zeta ( t_1 , \ldots , t_r ) $ determines the topological type of the link $ L $ .	Let $ \ { C_i : i=1 , \ldots , r\ } $ be a set of irreducible plane curve singularities .	For an action of a finite group $ G $ , let $ \Delta^ { L } ( \ { t_ { a i } \ } ) $ be the Alexander polynomial in $ r\vert G\vert $ variables of the algebraic link $ ( \bigcup\limits_ { i=1 } ^ { r } \bigcup\limits_ { a\in G } a C_i ) \cap S^3_ { \varepsilon } $ and let $ \zeta ( t_1 , \ldots , t_r ) = \Delta^ { L } ( t_1 , \ldots , t_1 , t_2 , \ldots , t_2 , \ldots , t_r , \ldots , t_r ) $ with $ \vert G\vert $ identical variables in each group .	( If $ r=1 $ , $ \zeta ( t ) $ is the monodromy zeta function of the function germ $ \prod\limits_ { a\in G } a^*f $ , where $ f=0 $ is an equation defining the curve $ C_1 $ . )	We prove an analogous statement for plane divisorial valuations formulated in terms of the Poincar\'e series of a set of valuations .
+2	The approach is demonstrated on ice bicrystals .	The structure and evolution of grain boundaries underlies the nature of polycrystalline materials .	Here we describe an experimental apparatus and light reflection technique for measuring disorder at grain boundaries in optically clear material , in thermodynamic equilibrium .	Crystallographic orientation is measured for each ice sample .	The type and concentration of impurity in the liquid can be controlled and the temperature can be continuously recorded and controlled over a range near the melting point .
+0	Let $ ( \Sigma_1 , g_1 ) $ and $ ( \Sigma_2 , g_2 ) $ be connected , complete and orientable Riemannian two manifolds .	Consider the two canonical K\ '' ahler structures $ ( G^ { \epsilon } , J , \Omega^ { \epsilon } ) $ on the product 4-manifold $ \Sigma_1\times\Sigma_2 $ given by $ G^ { \epsilon } =g_1\oplus \epsilon g_2 $ , $ \epsilon=\pm 1 $ and $ J $ is the canonical product complex structure .	Thus for $ \epsilon=1 $ the K\ '' ahler metric $ G^+ $ is Riemannian while for $ \epsilon=-1 $ , $ G^- $ is of neutral signature .	We show that the metric $ G^ { \epsilon } $ is locally conformally flat iff the Gauss curvatures $ \kappa ( g_1 ) $ and $ \kappa ( g_2 ) $ are both constants satisfying $ \kappa ( g_1 ) =-\epsilon\kappa ( g_2 ) $ .	We also give conditions on the Gauss curvatures for which every $ G^ { \epsilon } $ -minimal Lagrangian surface is the product $ \gamma_1\times\gamma_2\subset\Sigma_1\times\Sigma_2 $ , where $ \gamma_1 $ and $ \gamma_2 $ are geodesics of $ ( \Sigma_1 , g_1 ) $ and $ ( \Sigma_2 , g_2 ) $ , respectively .
+3	The proposed forecasting scheme has two tiers : long-term demand/generation forecaster which is based on Maximum-Likelihood Estimator ( MLE ) and real-time demand/generation forecaster which is based on Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving-Average ( ARIMA ) model .	There has been an increasing trend in the electric power system from a centralized generation-driven grid to a more reliable , environmental friendly , and customer-driven grid .	One of the most important issues which the designers of smart grids need to deal with is to forecast the fluctuations of power demand and generation in order to make the power system facilities more flexible to the variable nature of renewable power resources and demand-side .	This paper proposes a novel two-tier scheme for forecasting the power demand and generation in a general residential electrical gird which uses the distributed renewable resources as the primary energy resource .	The paper also shows that how bulk generation improves the adequacy of proposed residential system by canceling-out the forecasters estimation errors which are in the form of Gaussian White noises .
+4	ME surfaces undergo a `` weakly rough '' to `` algebraically rough '' transition in 3-d , suggesting a similar behavior in fracture .	We compare the roughness of minimal energy ( ME ) surfaces and scalar `` quasi-static '' fracture surfaces ( SQF ) .	Two dimensional ME and SQF surfaces have the same roughness scaling , w sim L^zeta ( L is system size ) with zeta = 2/3 .	The 3-d ME and SQF results at strong disorder are consistent with the random-bond Ising exponent zeta ( d & gt ; = 3 ) approx 0.21 ( 5-d ) ( d is bulk dimension ) .	However 3-d SQF surfaces are rougher than ME ones due to a larger prefactor .
+4	The system transitions from whole film flow to surface localized flow over a narrow temperature region near the bulk $ T_ { \textrm { g } } $ .	Thin polymer films have striking dynamical properties that differ from their bulk counterparts .	With the simple geometry of a stepped polymer film on a substrate , we probe mobility above and below the glass transition temperature $ T_ { \textrm { g } } $ .	Above $ T_ { \textrm { g } } $ the entire film flows , while below $ T_ { \textrm { g } } $ only the near surface region responds to the excess interfacial energy .	An analytical thin film model for flow limited to the free surface region shows excellent agreement with sub- $ T_ { \textrm { g } } $ data .
+3	For rotation powered MSPs , the size of the outer gap and the properties of the high-energy emission are controlled by either the photon-photon pair-creation process or magnetic pair-creation process near the surface .	The $ Fermi $ -LAT has revealed that rotation powered millisecond pulsars ( MSPs ) are a major contributor to the Galactic $ \gamma $ -ray source population .	Such pulsars may also be important in modeling the quiescent state of several low mass X-ray binaries ( LMXBs ) , where optical observations of the companion star suggest the possible existence of rotation powered MSPs .	To understand the observational properties of the different evolutionary stages of MSPs , the X-ray and $ \gamma $ -ray emission associated with the outer gap model is investigated .	For these pulsars , we find that the outer gap model controlled by the magnetic pair-creation process is preferable in explaining the possible correlations between the $ \gamma $ -ray luminosity or non-thermal X-ray luminosity versus the spin down power .
+4	In the case of the particle with spin 1/2 , our new rule implies that an oscillation appears in the time evolution of the operator $ \tau $ .	When we quantize a system consisting of a single particle , the proper time $ \tau $ and the rest mass $ m $ are usually dealt with as parameters .	In the present article , however , we introduce a new quantization rule by which these quantities are regarded as operators in addition to the position and the momentum .	Applying this new rule to a scalar particle and to a particle with spin $ 1/2 $ , we analyze the time evolution of the operator $ \tau $ .	In the former case , the evolution of the proper time perfectly matches several well-established classical formulae .
+0	There is an approximately 9 % discrepancy , corresponding to 2.4sigma , between two independent constraints on the expansion rate of the universe : one indirectly arising from the cosmic microwave background and baryon acoustic oscillations , and one more directly obtained from local measurements of the relation between redshifts and distances to sources .	We argue that by taking into account the local gravitational potential at the position of the observer this tension - strengthened by the recent Planck results - is partially relieved and the concordance of the standard model of cosmology increased .	We estimate that measurements of the local Hubble constant are subject to a cosmic variance of about 2.4 % ( limiting the local sample to redshifts z & gt ; 0.010 ) or 1.3 % ( limiting it to z & gt ; 0.023 ) , a more significant correction than that taken into account already .	Nonetheless , we show that one would need a very rare fluctuation to fully explain the offset in the Hubble rates .	If this tension is further strengthened , a cosmology beyond the standard model may prove necessary .
+2	The tunability of the electronic structure of nanocrystals underlies their great potential for application in many areas .	A brief review is given of recent positron studies of metal and semiconductor nanocrystals .	The prospects offered by positron annihilation as a sensitive method to access nanocrystal ( NC ) properties are described and compared with other experimental methods .	Owing to their large surface-to-volume ratio , the surfaces and interfaces of NCs play a crucial role in determining their properties .	Here we focus on positron 2D angular correlation of annihilation radiation ( 2D-ACAR ) and ( two-detector ) Doppler studies for investigating surfaces and electronic properties of CdSe NCs .
+4	In ideal HG model these quantities show substantial energy dependence .	Intensive investigations of freeze-out criteria in a hot and dense fireball provide important information regarding particle emission from the fireball .	A systematic comparison of these proposals is presented here in the framework of a thermodynamically consistent excluded volume model which has been found to describe the properties of hadron gas ( HG ) quite well .	We find that the impact of excluded volume correction is considerably large and the average energy per hadron is 0.9 GeV , $ n_b+n_ { \bar b } $ stays nearly constant at 0.12/fm $ ^3 $ and the normalized entropy density $ s/T^3\approx 6 $ in this model .	Moreover , these values are independent of the beam or center-of-mass energy and also of the target and beam nuclei .
+2	They include computing matrix elements and form factors for strong and non-leptonic weak processes with at most six external states .	Ampcalculator is a Mathematica based program that was made publicly available some time ago by Unterdorfer and Ecker .	It enables the user to compute several processes at one-loop ( upto $ O ( p^4 ) $ ) in SU ( 3 ) chiral perturbation theory .	It was used to compute some novel processes and was tested against well-known results by the original authors .	Here we present the results of several thorough checks of the package .
+3	Using sophisticated radiative transfer models , we analyzed the observed SEDs of the five detected objects with a hybrid fitting strategy that combines the model grids and the simulated annealing algorithm and evaluated the constraints on the disk properties via the Bayesian inference method .	We conducted Herschel/PACS observations of five very low-mass stars or brown dwarfs located in the TW Hya association with the goal of characterizing the properties of disks in the low stellar mass regime .	We detected all five targets at $ 70\ , \mu { \rm { m } } $ and $ 100\ , \mu { \rm { m } } $ and three targets at $ 160\ , \mu { \rm { m } } $ .	Our observations , combined with previous photometry from 2MASS , WISE , and SCUBA-2 , enabled us to construct SEDs with extended wavelength coverage .	The modelling suggests that disks around low-mass stars and brown dwarfs are generally flatter than their higher mass counterparts , but the range of disk mass extends to well below the value found in T Tauri stars , and the disk scale heights are comparable in both groups .
+1	The existence of this binary with the orbital period of P = 0.2178 d strengthens the argument that the cut-off of the period distribution for contact binaries - until now defined by CC Comae - is very sharp .	Photometric and spectroscopic results for the contact binary GSC 01387-00475 ( ASAS 083128+1953.1 ) are presented .	The only case of a still shorter period is known in a globular cluster where more compact contact configurations are in fact expected .	While the spectroscopic orbit of GSC 01387-00475 is well defined , the low orbital inclination of the binary and the presence of a spectroscopic companion contributing about 1/3 of the total light conspire to reduce the photometric variability to ~0.09 mag .	The photometric data are currently inadequate to identify the source of the small amplitude ( 0.02 - 0.03 mag ) intrinsic variability of the system .
+1	Whereas different models can predict a wide range of neutron star radii , it is not possible for most models to predict radii that are smaller than about 10 km , thus if such small radii are established in the future they will be very difficult to reconcile with model estimates .	At present , neutron star radii from both observations and model predictions remain very uncertain .	By invoking a new term in the equation of state that enhances the energy density , but leaves the pressure unchanged we simulate the current uncertainty in the neutron star radii .	This new term can be possibly due to the exchange of the weakly interacting light U-boson with appropriate in-medium parameters , which does not compromise the success of the conventional nuclear models .	The validity of this new scheme will be tested eventually by more precise measurements of neutron star radii .
+3	We then consider the { \L } ukasiewicz modal { \mu } -calculus , which is obtained by adding box and diamond modalities to { \L } { \mu } .	The paper explores properties of the { \L } ukasiewicz { \mu } -calculus , or { \L } { \mu } for short , an extension of { \L } ukasiewicz logic with scalar multiplication and least and greatest fixed-point operators ( for monotone formulas ) .	We observe that { \L } { \mu } terms , with $ n $ variables , define monotone piecewise linear functions from $ [ 0 , 1 ] ^n $ to $ [ 0 , 1 ] $ .	Two effective procedures for calculating the output of { \L } { \mu } terms on rational inputs are presented .	Alternatively , it can be viewed as a generalization of Kozen 's modal { \mu } -calculus adapted to probabilistic nondeterministic transition systems ( PNTS 's ) .
+1	I find the rest-frame V-band luminosity density is a factor of ~2-3 below the ultraviolet luminosity density at z~6 .	I provide estimates of the ultraviolet and visible light luminosity density at z~6 after accounting for the contribution from faint galaxies below the detection limit of deep Hubble and Spitzer surveys .	This implies that the maximal age of the stellar population at z~6 , for a Salpeter initial mass function , and a single , passively evolving burst , must be & lt ; 100 Myr .	If the stars in z~6 galaxies are remnants of the star-formation that was responsible for ionizing the intergalactic medium , reionization must have been a brief process that was completed at z & lt ; 7 .	This assumes the most current estimates of the clumping factor and escape fraction and a Salpeter slope extending up to 200 M_ { \sun } for the stellar initial mass function ( IMF ; dN/dM \propto M^ { \alpha } , \alpha=-2.3 ) .
+0	We show that the mean field equations for the SIR epidemic can be exactly solved for a network with arbitrary degree distribution .	Our exact solution consists of reducing the dynamics to a lone first order differential equation , which has a solution in terms of an integral over functions dependent on the degree distribution of the network , and reconstructing all mean field functions of interest from this integral .	Irreversibility of the SIR epidemic is crucial for the solution .	We also find exact solutions to the sexually transmitted disease SI epidemic on bipartite graphs , to a simplified rumor spreading model , and to a new model for recommendation spreading , via similar techniques .	Numerical simulations of these processes on scale free networks demonstrate the qualitative validity of mean field theory in most regimes .
+1	We present a series of evidence in support of such a scenario based on the calculated magnetic properties including uniform spin susceptibility , spin-lattice and spin-echo relaxation rates , which consistently show that strong spin correlations start to develop upon entering the UPP , being enhanced around the momentum ( \pi , \pi ) while suppressed around ( 0 , 0 ) .	It is proposed that the upper pseudogap phase ( UPP ) observed in the high-Tc cuprates correspond to the formation of spin singlet pairing under the bosonic resonating-valence-bond ( RVB ) description .	The phase diagram in the parameter space of doping concentration , temperature , and external magnetic field , is obtained based on the the bosonic RVB theory .	In particular , the competition between the Zeeman splitting and singlet pairing determines a simple relation between the `` critical '' magnetic field , H_ { PG } , and characteristic temperature scale , T0 , of the UPP .	We also discuss the magnetic behavior in the lower pseudogap phase at a temperature Tv lower than T0 , which is characterized by the formation of Cooper pair amplitude where the low-lying spin fluctuations get suppressed at both ( 0 , 0 ) and ( \pi , \pi ) .
+2	The instantaneous fading state between every transmit-receive pair in this network is assumed to be known at all transmitters and receivers .	The problem of resource allocation is studied for two-sender two-receiver fading Gaussian interference channels ( IFCs ) and compound multiaccess channels ( C-MACs ) .	The senders in an IFC communicate with their own receiver ( unicast ) while those in a C-MAC communicate with both receivers ( multicast ) .	Under an average power constraint at each source , the sum-capacity of the C-MAC and the power policy that achieves this capacity is developed .	The conditions defining the classes of strong and very strong ergodic IFCs are presented and the multicast sum-capacity is shown to be tight for both classes .
+1	means Synchronous Asynchronous Tele education Platform is a software application for educational purposes , with a lot of parametrizing features written entirely from scratch .	S.A.T.E.P .	It aims at the training and examination of computer skills , a platform that can be adjusted to the needs of each lesson .	In the application the trainer and the administrator can define the number of the lectures and upload files for each one of them .	Furthermore , he can insert , modify and delete questions which are used for evaluation tests but also for the trainees examinations .
+0	We use the first data release of the 2-degree Field Quasar survey to investigate the effect of gravitational magnification by foreground absorbing systems on background quasars .	We select two populations of quasars from this sample : one with strong MgII/FeII absorbers and one without .	The selection is done in such a way that the two populations have the same redshift distribution and the absorber detection procedure discards possible biases with quasar magnitude .	We then compare their magnitude distributions and find a relative excess of bright quasars with absorbers .	This effect is detected at the 2.4 , 3.7 and 4.4 sigma levels in u- , b- and r-bands .
+3	We discuss the role of quasiglobal coordinate r that is emphasized by the conditions of regularity .	We consider generic , or `` dirty '' ( surrounded by matter ) , stationary rotating black holes with axial symmetry .	The restrictions are found on the asymptotic form of metric in the vicinity of non-extremal , extremal and ultra-extremal horizons , imposed by the conditions of regularity of increasing strength : boundedness on the horizon of the Ricci scalar , of scalar quadratic curvature invariants , and of the components of the curvature tensor in the tetrad attached to a falling observer .	We show , in particular , that boundedness of the Ricci scalar implies the `` rigidity '' of the horizon 's rotation in all cases , while the finiteness of quadratic invariants leads to the constancy of the surface gravity .	Further restrictions on the metric are formulated in terms of subsequent coefficients of expansion of metric functions by r. The boundedness of the tetrad components of curvature tensor for an observer crossing the horizon is shown to lead in the horizon limit to diagonalization of Einstein tensor in the frame of zero angular momentum observer on a circular orbit ( ZAMO frame ) for horizons of all degrees of extremality .
+0	The microscopic mechanisms for universality of Casimir forces between macroscopic conductors are displayed in a model of classical charged fluids .	The model consists of two slabs in empty space at distance $ d $ containing classical charged particles in thermal equilibrium ( plasma , electrolyte ) .	A direct computation of the average force per unit surface yields , at large distance , the usual form of the Casimir force in the classical limit ( up to a factor 2 due to the fact that the model does not incorporate the magnetic part of the force ) .	Universality originates from perfect screening sum rules obeyed by the microscopic charge correlations in conductors .	If one of the slabs is replaced by a macroscopic dielectric medium , the result of Lifshitz theory for the force is retrieved .
+1	We present results for a relevant range of values of the Fermi wavevector mismatch ( FWM ) , the spin polarization , and the interfacial scattering strength .	We evaluate the tunneling conductance of clean Ferromomagnet/Superconductor junctions via a fully self-consistent numerical solution of the microscopic Bogoliubov-DeGennes equations .	For nonzero spin polarization , the conductance curves vary nonmonotonically with FWM .	The FWM dependence of the self-consistent results is stronger than that previously found in non-self-consistent calculations , since , in the self-consistent case , the effective scattering potential near the interface depends on the FWM .	The dependence on interfacial scattering is monotonic .
+2	Further , for glass transitions induced by randomly freezing a subset of particles in the liquid phase , simulations support the predictions of RFOT , whereas the DF theory remains unexplored .	Despite decades of research , it remains to be established whether the transformation of a liquid into a glass is fundamentally thermodynamic or dynamic in origin .	While observations of growing length scales are consistent with thermodynamic perspectives like the Random First-Order Transition theory ( RFOT ) , the purely dynamic approach of the Dynamical Facilitation ( DF ) theory lacks experimental validation .	Here , using video microscopy and holographic optical tweezers , we show that dynamical facilitation in a colloidal glass-forming liquid unambiguously grows with density as well as the fraction of pinned particles .	In addition , we show that heterogeneous dynamics in the form of string-like cooperative motion , which is believed to be consistent with RFOT , emerges naturally within the framework of facilitation .
+4	We argue that a very low space requirement is essential .	A ( 1 + eps ) -approximate distance oracle for a graph is a data structure that supports approximate point-to-point shortest-path-distance queries .	The most relevant measures for a distance-oracle construction are : space , query time , and preprocessing time .	There are strong distance-oracle constructions known for planar graphs ( Thorup , JACM'04 ) and , subsequently , minor-excluded graphs ( Abraham and Gavoille , PODC'06 ) .	However , these require Omega ( eps^ { -1 } n lg n ) space for n-node graphs .
+2	We thoroughly explore the effect of the unknown temperature structure along the line of sight to accurately evaluate the systematic uncertainties on the ICM redshift .	We propose a strategy to search for bulk motions in the intracluster medium ( ICM ) of merging clusters based on { \sl Chandra } CCD data .	Our goal is to derive robust measurements of the average redshift of projected ICM regions obtained from the centroid of the $ K_\alpha $ line emission .	We apply our method to the `` Bullet cluster '' ( 1E~0657-56 ) .	We directly identify 23 independent regions on the basis of the surface brightness contours , and measure the redshift of the ICM averaged along the line of sight in each .
+4	Our finding opens the possibility of studying the electronic properties of the cuprates as a function of doping across the phase diagram on the same piece of sample ( i.e.with the same impurities and defects ) .	We study the variation of the electronic properties at the surface of a high temperature superconductor as a function of vacuum conditions in angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( ARPES ) experiments .	Normally , under less than ideal vacuum conditions the carrier concentration of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O { 8+x } ( Bi2212 ) increases with time due to the absorption of oxygen from CO2 and CO molecules that are prime contaminants present in ultra high vacuum ( UHV ) systems .	We find that in a high quality vacuum environment at low temperatures , the surface of Bi2212 is quite stable ( the carrier concentration remains constant ) , however at elevated temperatures the carrier concentration decreases due to the loss of oxygen atoms from the Bi-O layer .	These two effects can be used to control the carrier concentration in-situ .
+1	In this approach new mathematical objects like non-commuting operators evolving with the Planck constant promoted as a running variable are introduced .	A general method to derive the diagonal representation for a generic matrix valued quantum Hamiltonian is proposed .	This method leads to a formal compact expression for the diagonal Hamiltonian which can be expanded in a power series of the Planck constant .	In particular , we provide an explicit expression for the diagonal representation of a generic Hamiltonian to the second order in the Planck constant .	This last result is applied , as a physical illustration , to Dirac electrons and neutrinos in external fields .
+4	It results in the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a generalized ( mild ) solution to the given nonlocal problem .	This work is devoted to the study of a nonlocal-in-time evolutional problem for the first order differential equation in Banach space .	Our primary approach , although stems from the convenient technique based on the reduction of a nonlocal problem to its classical initial value analogue , uses more advanced analysis .	That is a validation of the correctness in definition of the general solution representation via the Dunford-Cauchy formula .	Such approach allows us to reduce the given existence problem to the problem of locating zeros of a certain entire function .
+2	In multivariate time series we expect to see temporal dependence , long term and seasonal trends and cross-correlations .	Temporal data is information measured in the context of time .	This contextual structure provides components that need to be explored to understand the data and that can form the basis of interactions applied to the plots .	In longitudinal data we also expect within and between subject dependence .	Time series and longitudinal data , although analyzed differently , are often plotted using similar displays .
+0	Collisionless geodesic acoustic modes in tokamaks being supersonic for large `` safety factor '' q , the CGL ( G. Chew , M. Goldberger , F. Low , 1956 ) 1 double-adiabatic fluid closure is applied to formulate a theory for these modes .	The basic linear normal mode is obtained .	External means to drive these modes at resonance , as has been proposed earlier , are explored .	The external drivers considered include external magnetic forces to effect flux surface displacements , as well as non-axisymmetric ion heating .	Finally , the damping of these modes from collisional magnetic pumping is investigated using a model set of CGL collision-corrected equations .
+0	Caching popular content at base stations is a powerful supplement to existing limited backhaul links for accommodating the exponentially increasing mobile data traffic .	Given the limited cache budget , we investigate the cache size allocation problem in cellular networks to maximize the user success probability ( USP ) , taking wireless channel statistics , backhaul capacities and file popularity distributions into consideration .	The USP is defined as the probability that one user can successfully download its requested file either from the local cache or via the backhaul link .	We first consider a single-cell scenario and derive a closed-form expression for the USP , which helps reveal the impacts of various parameters , such as the file popularity distribution .	More specifically , for a highly concentrated file popularity distribution , the required cache size is independent of the total number of files , while for a less concentrated file popularity distribution , the required cache size is in linear relation to the total number of files .
+2	An analytical model based on macrospin approximation is necessary for these designs since it allows implementation in hardware description languages .	Magnetic tunnel junction ( MTJ ) spin torque oscillators ( STO ) have shown the potential to be used in a wide range of microwave and sensing applications .	To evaluate potential uses of MTJ STO technology in various applications , an analytical model that can capture MTJ STO 's characteristics , while enabling system- and circuit-level designs , is of great importance .	This paper presents a new macrospin-based , comprehensive and compact MTJ STO model , which can be used for various MTJ STOs to estimate the performance of MTJ STOs together with their application-specific integrated circuits .	To adequately present the complete model , this paper is divided into two parts .
+1	Using Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) images obtained in 2012 October , we determine that the passage close to a mag 20 star will occur in 2014 October ( impact parameter 1.6 '' ) , and to a mag 19.5 star in 2016 February ( impact parameter 0.5 '' ) .	We have found that Proxima Centauri , the star closest to our Sun , will pass close to a pair of faint background stars in the next few years .	As Proxima passes in front of these stars , the relativistic deflection of light will cause shifts in the positions of the background stars by ~0.5 and 1.5 mas , respectively , readily detectable by HST imaging , and possibly by Gaia and ground-based facilities such as VLT .	Measurement of these astrometric shifts offers a unique and direct method to measure the mass of Proxima .	Moreover , if Proxima has a planetary system , the planets may be detectable through their additional microlensing signals , although the probability of such detections is small .
+0	We consider manipulation problems when the manipulator only has partial information about the votes of the nonmanipulators .	Such partial information is described by an information set , which is the set of profiles of the nonmanipulators that are indistinguishable to the manipulator .	Given such an information set , a dominating manipulation is a non-truthful vote that the manipulator can cast which makes the winner at least as preferable ( and sometimes more preferable ) as the winner when the manipulator votes truthfully .	When the manipulator has full information , computing whether or not there exists a dominating manipulation is in P for many common voting rules ( by known results ) .	We show that when the manipulator has no information , there is no dominating manipulation for many common voting rules .
+2	A careful investigation near optimal doping shows that T'c is higher than the pseudogap temperature T* , which is an unambiguous evidence that the pseudogap can not be assigned to preformed pairs .	Large pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 Tesla are used to suppress the contribution of superconducting fluctuations ( SCF ) to the ab-plane conductivity above Tc in a series of YBa2Cu3O ( 6+x ) .	These experiments allow us to determine the field H'c ( T ) and the temperature T'c above which the SCFs are fully suppressed .	Accurate determinations of the SCF contribution to the conductivity versus temperature and magnetic field have been achieved .	They can be accounted for by thermal fluctuations following the Ginzburg-Landau scheme for nearly optimally doped samples .
+4	We find that for accretion rates greater than \sim 10^ { -3 } of the Eddington accretion rate , the electrons have a thermal distribution throughout the accretion flow .	We investigate the form of the momentum distribution function for protons and electrons in an advection-dominated accretion flow ( ADAF ) .	We show that for all accretion rates , Coulomb collisions are too inefficient to thermalize the protons .	The proton distribution function is therefore determined by the viscous heating mechanism , which is unknown .	The electrons , however , can exchange energy quite efficiently through Coulomb collisions and the emission and absorption of synchrotron photons .
+3	Another Approach is to use the probabilistic time which was recently introduced by Castagnino .	One of the basic peoblems of quantum cosmology is the problem of time .	Various solutions have been proposed for this problem .	One approach is to use the Bohmian time .	We consider both of these definitions as generalizations of a semi-classical time and compare them for a mini-super space .
+1	That relativity , however , has only been expressed with the help of { \it one single } type of mathematical entities , namely , the scalars given by the usual continuum of the field $ \mathbb { R } $ of real numbers , or by the usual mathematical structures built upon $ \mathbb { R } $ , such as the scalars given by the complex numbers $ \mathbb { C } $ , or the vectors in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces $ \mathbb { R } ^n $ , infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces , etc .	The Principle of Relativity has so far been understood as the { \it covariance } of laws of Physics with respect to a general class of reference frame transformations .	This paper argues for { \it progressing deeper and wider } in furthering the Principle of Relativity , not by mere covariance with respect to reference frames , but by studying the possible covariance with respect to a { \it large variety } of algebras of scalars which extend significantly $ \mathbb { R } $ or $ \mathbb { C } $ , variety of scalars in terms of which various theories of Physics can equally well be formulated .	First directions in this regard can be found naturally in the simple Mathematics of Special Relativity , the Bell Inequalities in Quantum Mechanics , or in the considerable amount of elementary Mathematics in finite dimensional vector spaces which occurs in Quantum Computation .	The large classes of algebras of scalars suggested , which contain $ \mathbb { R } $ and $ \mathbb { C } $ as particular cases , have the important feature of typically { \it no longer } being Archimedean , see Appendix , a feature which can prove to be valuable when dealing with the so called `` infinities '' in Physics .
+4	Our results for the random field case are consistent with the existence of a Bragg glass phase of the type discussed by Emig , Bogner and Nattermann .	Monte Carlo simulations have been used to study a vortex-free XY ferromagnet with a random field or a random anisotropy on simple cubic lattices .	In the random field case , which can be related to a charge-density wave pinned by random point defects , it is found that long-range order is destroyed even for weak randomness .	In the random anisotropy case , which can be related to a randomly pinned spin-density wave , the long-range order is not destroyed and the correlation length is finite .	In both cases there are many local minima of the free energy separated by high entropy barriers .
+4	We confirm that the b-value is very different in mid-ocean ridges compared to other zones ( b=1.50=B10.09 versus b=1.00=B10.05 corresponding to a power law exponent close to 1 versus 2/3 ) with a very high statistical confidence .	Based on recent results in extreme value theory , we use a new technique for the statistical estimation of distribution tails .	Specifically , we use the Gnedenko-Pickands-Balkema-de Haan theorem , which gives a natural limit law for peak-over-threshold values in the form of the Generalized Pareto Distribution ( GPD ) .	Useful in finance , insurance , hydrology , we investigate here the earthquake energy distribution described by the Gutenberg-Richter seismic moment-frequency law and analyze shallow earthquakes ( depth h & lt ; 70 km ) in the Harvard catalog over the period 1977-2000 in 18 seismic zones .	The whole GPD is found to approximate the tails of the seismic moment distributions quite well above moment-magnitudes larger than mW=5.3 and no statistically significant regional difference is found for subduction and transform seismic zones .
+4	From this , we inferred a GRN by meta-analyses of a Gaussian graphical model and a random forest algorithm and studied the genetic differentiation among populations ( FST ) at nodes .	Gene regulatory networks ( GRN ) govern phenotypic adaptations and reflect the trade-offs between physiological responses and evolutionary adaptation that act at different time scales .	To identify patterns of molecular function and genetic diversity in GRNs , we studied the drought response of the common sunflower , Helianthus annuus , and how the underlying GRN is related to its evolution .	We examined the responses of 32,423 expressed sequences to drought and to abscisic acid and selected 145 co-expressed transcripts .	We characterized their regulatory relationships in nine kinetic studies based on different hormones .
+4	The analysis of situation with the quark mixing parameters in these schemes is fulfilled .	Three schemes of quark mixings ( oscillations ) together with their mixing matrices ( analogous to Kabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices ) are considered .	In these schemes quark transitions are virtual since quark masses are different .	Two of them belong to the so called mass mixing schemes ( mixing parameters are expressed by elements of mass matrices ) and the third scheme belongs to the charge mixings one ( mixing parameters are expressed through charges ) .	For these schemes the expressions for transition probabilities between $ d , s , b $ quarks are obtained .
+4	In these scenarios one seeks to optimise power consumption -- which is predominantly due to communication and , in free space , is proportional to the square of transmission distance -- in the network by introducing additional relays .	We introduce a flow-dependent version of the quadratic Steiner tree problem in the plane .	An instance of the problem on a set of embedded sources and a sink asks for a directed tree $ T $ spanning these nodes and a bounded number of Steiner points , such that $ \displaystyle\sum_ { e \in E ( T ) } f ( e ) |e|^2 $ is a minimum , where $ f ( e ) $ is the flow on edge $ e $ .	The edges are uncapacitated and the flows are determined additively , i.e. , the flow on an edge leaving a node $ u $ will be the sum of the flows on all edges entering $ u $ .	Our motivation for studying this problem is its utility as a model for relay augmentation of wireless sensor networks .
+2	The system is to be installed in the Superconducting Cyclotron section of VECC .	The aim of the project was to develop a HMI ( Human-Machine Interface ) with the help of which a person could remotely control and monitor the Vacuum measurement system .	The Vacuum measurement system was constructed using a DAQ ( Data Acquisition & amp ; Control ) implementation instead of a PLC based implementation because of the cost involvement and complexity involved in deployment when only one basic parameter i.e.vacuum is required to be measured .	The need for remote monitoring arises as during the operation of the K500 Superconducting Cyclotron , people are not allowed to enter within a certain specified range due to effective ion radiation .	Using the designed software i.e.HMI the following objective of remote monitoring could be achieved effortlessly from any area which is in the safe zone .
+2	C 78 ( 2008 ) 044327 ] .	A partial conservation of the seniority quantum number in $ j=9/2 $ shells has been found recently in a numerical application .	In this paper a complete analytic proof for this problem is derived as an extension of the work by Zamick and P. Van Isacker [ Phys.Rev .	We analyze the properties of the non-diagonal matrix elements with the help of the one-particle and two-particle coefficients of fractional parentage ( cfp 's ) .	It is found that all non-diagonal ( and the relevant diagonal ) matrix elements can be re-expressed in simple ways and are proportional to certain one-particle cfp 's .
+3	We take account of processes that ( 1 ) the lattice distortion directly modulates the $ 5d $ states and ( 2 ) the charge anisotropy of the quadrupole ordering $ 4f $ states modulates the $ 5d $ states through the $ 5d $ - $ 4f $ Coulomb interaction .	We study the resonant x-ray scattering ( RXS ) spectra at the Dy $ L_ { \rm III } $ absorption edge in the quadrupole ordering phase of DyB $ _2 $ C $ _2 $ .	Analyzing the buckling of sheets of B and C atoms , we construct an effective model that the crystal field is acting on the $ 5d $ and $ 4f $ states with the principal axes different for different sublattices .	Treating the $ 5d $ states as a band and the $ 4f $ states as localized states , we calculate the spectra within the dipole transition .	Both processes give rise to the RXS intensities on $ ( 00\frac { \ell } { 2 } ) $ and $ ( h0\frac { \ell } { 2 } ) $ spots .
+3	We prove that $ \lambda ( G ) $ is bounded in terms of the maximum $ 2 $ -length of soluble subgroups of $ G $ , and that $ \lambda ( G ) $ is bounded by the maximum Fitting height of soluble subgroups .	Every finite group $ G $ has a normal series each of whose factors either is soluble or is a direct product of nonabelian simple groups .	We define the nonsoluble length $ \lambda ( G ) $ as the minimum number of nonsoluble factors in a series of this kind .	Upper bounds for $ \lambda ( G ) $ appear in the study of various problems on finite , residually finite , and profinite groups .	For an odd prime $ p $ , the non- $ p $ -soluble length $ \lambda _p ( G ) $ is introduced , and it is proved that $ \lambda _p ( G ) $ does not exceed the maximum $ p $ -length of $ p $ -soluble subgroups .
+0	The nature of the tenuous disks around A stars has raised considerable controversy in the literature during the past decade .	The debate whether or not the disk around beta Pictoris contains gaseous molecular hydrogen is only the most recent example .	Since CO is in general a poor tracer for the gas content of these low mass disks , we discuss here detailed emission line calculations for alternative tracers like C and C+ , based on recent optically thin disk models by Kamp & amp ; van Zadelhoff ( 2001 ) .	The [ CII ] 157.7 mum line was searched toward Vega and beta Pictoris -- the most prominent A stars with disks -- using ISO LWS data , and a tentative detection is reported toward the latter object .	From a comparison with emission line observations as well as absorption line studies of both stars , the gas-to-dust ratio is constrained to lie between 0.5 and 9 for beta Pictoris .
+3	As an example , we consider a single-level quantum dot , focusing on the Coulomb-blockade regime .	We derive general expressions for the current and shot noise , taking into account non-Markovian memory effects .	In generalization of previous approaches our theory is valid for arbitrary Coulomb interaction and coupling strength and is applicable to quantum dots and more complex systems like molecules .	A diagrammatic expansion up to second-order in the coupling strength , taking into account co-tunneling processes , allows for a study of transport in a regime relevant to many experiments .	We find super-Poissonian shot noise due to spin-flip co-tunneling processes at an energy scale different from the one expected from first-order calculations , with a sensitive dependence on the coupling strength .
+4	We propose a modified tolerance method for estimating parton distribution function uncertainties in cross sections .	We present the fully differential production and decay of a W ' boson , with arbitrary vector and axial-vector couplings , to any final state at next-to-leading order in QCD .	We demonstrate a complete factorization of couplings at next-to-leading order in both the partial width of the W ' boson , and in the full two-to-two cross section .	We provide numerical predictions for the contribution of a W ' boson to single-top-quark production , and separate results based on whether the mass of the right-handed neutrino ( nu_R ) is light enough for the leptonic decay channel to be open .	The single-top-quark analysis will allow for an improved direct W ' mass limit of 525-550 GeV using data from run I of the Fermilab Tevatron .
+0	Recently , it has been reported that the low-temperature high-magnetic field phase in CeCoIn5 ( Q-phase ) , has spin-density wave ( SDW ) order that only exists within this phase .	This indicates that the SDW order is the result of the development of pair density wave ( PDW ) order in the superconducting phase that coexists with d-wave superconductivity .	Here we develop a phenomenological theory for these coexisting orders .	This provides selection rules for the PDW order and further shows that the detailed structure of this order is highly constrained .	We then apply our theory to the the vortex phase .
+4	The $ L^1 $ dissipation for the velocity is obtained , and the $ L^2 $ dissipations for the density and the magnetic field are also achieved .	The existence of global-in-time classical solutions to the Cauchy problem of compressible magnetohydrodynamic flows with zero magnetic diffusivity is considered in two dimensions .	The linear structure is a degenerated hyperbolic-parabolic system .	The solution is constructed as a small perturbation of a constant background in critical spaces .	The deformation gradient is introduced to decouple the subtle coupling between the flow and the magnetic field .
+4	In the time-like gauge with the ordinary M-theory spatial compactification , it reduces to a non-Abelian Born-Infeld-like theory .	We reformulate the Matrix theory of D-particles in a manifestly Lorentz-covariant fashion in the sense of 11 dimesnional flat Minkowski space-time , from the viewpoint of the so-called DLCQ interpretation of the light-front Matrix theory .	The theory is characterized by various symmetry properties including higher gauge symmetries , which contain the usual SU ( $ N $ ) symmetry as a special case and are extended from the structure naturally appearing in association with a discretized version of Nambu 's 3-bracket .	The theory is scale invariant , and the emergence of the 11 dimensional gravitational length , or M-theory scale , is interpreted as a consequence of a breaking of the scaling symmetry through a super-selection rule .	In the light-front gauge with the DLCQ compactification of 11 dimensions , the theory reduces to the usual light-front formulation .
+3	In the first of these ranges , we validate previous work , which resulted in a simple mass-compensation design for the monopole scatterer , while in the second and third ranges , a combination of the use of an appropriate coating and the appropriate choice of the amplitudes of the active cloaking sources is necessary .	The dynamic response of a coated inclusion is considered in the context of active cloaking .	The active cloak is achieved for a coated inclusion in the presence of membrane and flexural waves .	In this paper , we investigate the design of an active cloak for a coated inclusion in three frequency regimes : the very low frequency ( monopole dominated ) range , the intermediate range , and the higher frequency range in which scattering resonances occur .	We show that such cloaking can indeed be effective in the region of strong scattering resonances .
+2	For the tensor modes that reenter the horizon in the radiation era after neutrino decoupling we calculate the neutrino suppression factor as 1-5rho_nu/9rho+O [ ( rho_nu/rho ) ^2 ] .	We describe analytically the cosmological evolution of primordial gravity waves ( tensor perturbations ) taking into account their coupling to relic neutrinos .	We prove that as a consequence of causality the neutrino-induced phase shift of subhorizon tensor oscillations tends on small scales to zero .	This result is consistent with the value obtained for three neutrino flavors by Weinberg and is in agreement with numerical Boltzmann evolution .	A minimal formula with the correct asymptotic form on small and large scales reproduces to about ten percent the evolution on all scales probed by the CMB .
+1	We present a detailed model which illustrates some of the implications of such operators for the generation of quark and lepton masses .	Four-fermion operators may have large anomalous scaling and become relevant operators in some strongly interacting gauge theories .	Such operators would originate at high scales where quarks and leptons experience a new strong interaction , but no unbroken technicolor interaction is required .	The breakdown of both the new gauge symmetry and electroweak gauge symmetry is associated with a dynamical TeV mass for fourth family quarks .	Among the new physics signatures are anomalous ( chromo ) magnetic moments and their flavor-changing counterparts .
+2	The effects of the polarization force , strong dust couplings , and dust charge fluctuations on the DAW spectrum are examined .	We examine linear dust acoustic waves ( DAWs ) in a dusty plasma with strongly correlated dust grains , and discuss possibility of a twisted DA vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum ( OAM ) .	For our purposes , we use the Boltzmann distributed electron and ion density perturbations , the dust continuity and generalized viscoelastic dust momentum equations , and Poisson 's equation to obtain a dispersion relation for the modified DAWs .	Furthermore , we demonstrate that the DAW can propagate as a twisted vortex beam carrying OAM .	A twisted DA vortex structure can trap and transport dust particles in dusty plasmas .
+4	Ultimately , the problem boils down to an estimate of the largest zero of the expected characteristic polynomial of the sum of independent random variables taking values in rank 1 positive matrices in the algebra of n-by-n matrices .	In 1959 , R.V .	Kadison and I.M .	Singer asked whether each pure state of the algebra of bounded diagonal operators on $ \ell^2 $ , admits a unique state extension to $ B ( \ell^2 ) $ .	The positive answer was given in June 2013 by A. Marcus , D. Spielman and N. Srivastava , who took advantage of a series of translations of the original question , due to C. Akemann , J. Anderson , N. Weaver , ...
+2	Conventional graph based resource allocation methods typically consider the interference between two user equipments ( UEs ) , but they can not model the interference from multiple UEs to completely characterize the interference .	Device-to-Device ( D2D ) communication has been recognized as a promising technique to offload the traffic for the evolved Node B ( eNB ) .	However , the D2D transmission as an underlay causes severe interference to both the cellular and other D2D links , which imposes a great technical challenge to radio resource allocation .	In this paper , we study channel allocation using hypergraph theory to coordinate the interference between D2D pairs and cellular UEs , where an arbitrary number of D2D pairs are allowed to share the uplink channels with the cellular UEs .	Hypergraph coloring is used to model the cumulative interference from multiple D2D pairs , and thus , eliminate the mutual interference .
+1	A localized spin behaves as a probe whose precession angle monitors the net electron current by the magnetic-moment interaction .	We show a microscopic derivation of a quantum master equation with counting terms which describes the electron statistics .	The probe Hamiltonian is proportional to the current , and is determined self-consistently for a model of a quantum dot .	Then it turns out that the quantum master equation for the spin-precession contains the counting terms .	As an application , we show the fluctuation theorem for the electron current .
+3	However , if the complexity of light-activated devices increases , structural disorder unavoidably occurs and , correspondingly , light scattering , diffusion and localization .	Using light to control the movement of nano-structured objects is a great challenge .	This challenge involves fields like optical tweezing , Casimir forces , integrated optics , bio-physics , and many others .	Photonic `` robots '' could have uncountable applications .	Are optically-driven mechanical forces affected by disorder-induced effects ?
+2	The fractional part is the dark part ( we call is dark variable ) with a continuous distribution , which is , of course , not observed in the experiments .	It is shown that the energy of a mode of a classical chaotic field , following the continuous exponential distribution as a classical random variable , can be uniquely decomposed into a sum of its fractional part and of its integer part .	The integer part is a discrete random variable ( we call it Planck variable ) whose distribution is just the Bose distribution yielding the Planck law of black-body radiation .	It is proved that the Bose distribution is infinitely divisible , and the irreducible decomposition of it is given .	The Planck variable can be decomposed into an infinite sum of independent binary random variables representing the binary photons ( more accurately photo-molecules or photo-multiplets ) of energies 2^s*h*nu with s=0,1,2 ... .
+1	Each of these states is connected to the initial state $ \state { i } $ with a coupling proportional to the pump pulse and to the final state $ \state { f } $ with a coupling proportional to the Stokes pulse , thus forming a parallel multi- $ \Lambda $ system .	This paper discusses a generalization of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage ( STIRAP ) in which the single intermediate state is replaced by $ N $ intermediate states .	It is shown that the dark ( trapped ) state exists only when the ratio between each pump coupling and the respective Stokes coupling is the same for all intermediate states .	We derive the conditions for existence of a more general adiabatic-transfer state which includes transient contributions from the intermediate states but still transfers the population from state $ \state { i } $ to state $ \state { f } $ in the adiabatic limit .	We present various numerical examples for success and failure of multi- $ \Lambda $ STIRAP which illustrate the analytic predictions .
+1	Here we present a detailed description of a new numerical code for treating the time and energy dependent neutrino transport in hydrodynamical simulations of such events .	Neutrino transport and neutrino interactions in dense matter play a crucial role in stellar core collapse , supernova explosions and neutron star formation .	The code is based on a variable Eddington factor method to deal with the integro-differential character of the Boltzmann equation .	The moments of the neutrino distribution function and the energy and lepton number exchange with the stellar medium are determined by iteratively solving the zeroth and first order moment equations in combination with a model Boltzmann equation .	The latter is discretized on a grid of tangent rays .
+4	For coupling constants below this critical value , mass and radius of a color-superconducting quark star change at most by ca .	We compare quark stars made of color-superconducting quark matter to normal-conducting quark stars .	We focus on the most simple color-superconducting system , a two-flavor color superconductor , and employ the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio ( NJL ) model to compute the gap parameter and the equation of state .	By varying the strength of the four-fermion coupling of the NJL model , we study the mass and the radius of the quark star as a function of the value of the gap parameter .	If the coupling constant exceeds a critical value , the gap parameter does not vanish even at zero density .
+0	Superconductivity was recently observed in the iron-arsenic-based compounds with a superconducting transition temperature ( Tc ) as high as 56K [ 1-7 ] , naturally raising comparisons with the high Tc copper oxides .	The copper oxides have layered crystal structures with quasi-two-dimensional electronic properties , which led to speculations that reduced dimensionality ( that is , extreme anisotropy ) is a necessary prerequisite for superconductivity at temperatures above 40 K [ 8,9 ] .	Early work on the iron-arsenic compounds seemed to support this view [ 7,10 ] .	Here we report measurements of the electrical resistivity in single crystals of ( Ba , K ) Fe2As2 in a magnetic field up to 60 T. We find that the superconducting properties are in fact quite isotropic , being rather independent of the direction of the applied magnetic fields at low temperature .	Such behaviour is strikingly different from all previously-known layered superconductors [ 9,11 ] , and indicates that reduced dimensionality in these compounds is not a prerequisite for high-temperature superconductivity .
+4	To combine the TENIS with the Spitzer IRAC data for obtaining better spectral energy distributions of high-redshift objects , we developed a novel deconvolution technique ( IRACLEAN ) to accurately estimate the IRAC fluxes .	We present ultra-deep J and Ks imaging observations covering a 30 ' * 30 ' area of the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South ( ECDFS ) carried out by our Taiwan ECDFS Near-Infrared Survey ( TENIS ) .	The median 5-sigma limiting magnitudes for all detected objects in the ECDFS reach 24.5 and 23.9 mag ( AB ) for J and Ks , respectively .	In the inner 400 arcmin^2 region where the sensitivity is more uniform , objects as faint as 25.6 and 25.0 mag are detected at 5-sigma .	So this is by far the deepest J and Ks datasets available for the ECDFS .
+4	The remaining bosonic and fermionic corrections are at the level of a few per cent .	We have calculated the complete electroweak O ( alpha ) radiative corrections to the single Higgs-boson production processes e+ e- -- & gt ; nu_l anti-nu_l H ( l=e , mu , tau ) in the electroweak Standard Model .	Initial-state radiation beyond O ( alpha ) is included in the structure-function approach .	The calculation of the corrections is briefly described , and numerical results are presented for the total cross section .	In the G_mu scheme , the bulk of the corrections is due to initial-state radiation , which affects the cross section at the level of -7 % at high energies and even more in the ZH threshold region .
+3	We find the virial mass of the cluster to be at least 4.5 x 10^ { 14 } h^ { -1 } M_ { \odot } and the existence of this cluster constrains Omega_m to be less than one .	We observed MS 1054-0321 , the highest redshift cluster of galaxies in the Einstein Medium Sensitivity Survey ( EMSS ) , with the Chandra ACIS-S detector .	We find the X-ray temperature of the cluster to be 10.4^ { +1.7 } _ { -1.5 } keV , slightly lower than that inferred previously and in agreement with the observed velocity dispersion and that found from weak lensing .	We confirm significant substructure in the form of two distinct clumps in the X-ray distribution .	If Omega_m = 1 and assuming Gaussian initial perturbations , we find the probability of observing MS 1054 in the EMSS is ~ 7 x 10^ { -4 } .
+0	We introduce a Monte Carlo model of nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration allowing for the generation of large-amplitude magnetic turbulence .	The model is the first to include strong wave generation , efficient particle acceleration to relativistic energies in nonrelativistic shocks , and thermal particle injection in an internally self-consistent manner .	We find that the upstream magnetic field can be amplified by large factors and show that this amplification depends strongly on the ambient Alfven Mach number .	We also show that in the nonlinear model large increases in the magnetic field do not necessarily translate into a large increase in the maximum particle momentum a particular shock can produce , a consequence of high momentum particles diffusing in the shock precursor where the large amplified field converges to the low ambient value .	To deal with the field growth rate in the regime of strong fluctuations , we extend to strong turbulence a parameterization that is consistent with the resonant quasi-linear growth rate in the weak turbulence limit .
+1	The indicators were extracted from over 500 subsamples of the Virgo Hubble Volume simulation cluster catalog .	Nine of the most important estimators known for the two-point correlation function are compared using a predetermined , rigorous criterion .	The `` real '' correlation function was determined from the full survey in a 3000Mpc/h periodic cube .	The estimators were ranked by the cumulative probability of returning a value within a certain tolerance of the real correlation function .	This criterion takes into account bias and variance , and it is independent of the possibly non-Gaussian nature of the error statistics .
+3	The approach to degeneracy can be reproduced from a nonsingular discretised half-line quantum theory by tuning a boundary condition parameter .	We investigate the robustness of singularity avoidance mechanisms in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics on the discretised real line when lattice points are allowed to approach a singularity of the classical potential .	We consider the attractive Coulomb potential and the attractive scale invariant potential , on an equispaced parity-noninvariant lattice and on a non-equispaced parity-invariant lattice , and we examine the energy eigenvalues by a combination of analytic and numerical techniques .	While the lowest one or two eigenvalues descend to negative infinity in the singular limit , we find that the higher eigenvalues remain finite and form degenerate pairs , close to the eigenvalues of a theory in which a lattice point at the singularity is regularised either by Thiemann 's loop quantum gravity singularity avoidance prescription or by a restriction to the odd parity sector .	The results show that Thiemann 's singularity avoidance prescription and the discretised half-line boundary condition reproduce quantitatively correct features of the singular limit spectrum apart from the lowest few eigenvalues .
+0	The underlying mathematics of the wavelet formalism is a representation of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group or the affine group .	Within the framework of wavelets , it is possible to define the `` window '' which allows us to introduce a Lorentz-covariant cut-off procedure .	The window plays the central role in tackling the problem of photon localization .	It is possible to make a transition from light waves to photons through the window .	On the other hand , the windowed wave function loses analyticity .
+2	Whenever p & gt ; p_L , the height of the lowest Lipschitz surface above the origin has an exponentially decaying tail .	We prove several facts concerning Lipschitz percolation , including the following .	The critical probability p_L for the existence of an open Lipschitz surface in site percolation on Z^d with d\ge 2 satisfies the improved bound p_L \le 1-1/ [ 8 ( d-1 ) ] .	The lowest surface is dominated stochastically by the boundary of a union of certain independent , identically distributed random subsets of Z^d .	As a consequence , for p sufficiently close to 1 , the connected regions of Z^ { d-1 } above which the surface has height 2 or more exhibit stretched-exponential tail behaviour .
+0	We perform hydrodynamical simulations of the accretion of pebbles and rocks onto protoplanets of a few hundred kilometres in radius , including two-way drag force coupling between particles and the protoplanetary disc gas .	Particle streams interacting with the gas far out within the Hill sphere of the protoplanet spiral into a prograde circumplanetary disc .	Material is accreted onto the protoplanet due to stirring by the turbulent surroundings .	We speculate that the trend for prograde rotation among the largest asteroids is primordial and that protoplanets accreted 10 % -50 % of their mass from pebbles and rocks during the gaseous solar nebula phase .	Our model also offers a possible explanation for the narrow range of spin periods observed among the largest bodies in the asteroid and trans-Neptunian belts , and predicts that 1000 km-scale Kuiper belt objects that have not experienced giant impacts should preferentially spin in the prograde direction .
+3	The two intriguing phenomena are well explained by determining the dominant transition channels in the dielectric function and through understanding the electron behavior under the multiple interactions ( intrinsic and external ) .	Electronic Coulomb excitations in monolayer silicene are investigated by using the Lindhard dielectric function and a newly developed generalized tight-binding model ( G-TBM ) .	G-TBM simultaneously contains the atomic interactions , the spin-orbit coupling , the Coulomb interactions , and the various external fields at an arbitrary chemical potential .	We exhibit the calculation results of the electrically tunable magnetoplasmons and the strong magnetic field modulation of plasmon behaviors .	A further tunability of the plasmon features is demonstrated with the momentum transfer and the Fermi energy .
+0	In this paper we have investigated some old issues concerning four color map problem .	We have given a general method for constructing counter-examples to Kempe 's proof of the four color theorem and then show that all counterexamples can be rule out by re-constructing special 2-colored two paths decomposition in the form of a double-spiral chain of the maximal planar graph .	In the second part of the paper we have given an algorithmic proof of the four color theorem which is based only on the coloring faces ( regions ) of a cubic planar maps .	Our algorithmic proof has been given in three steps .	The first two steps are the maximal mono-chromatic and then maximal dichromatic coloring of the faces in such a way that the resulting uncolored ( white ) regions of the incomplete two-colored map induce no odd-cycles so that in the ( final ) third step four coloring of the map has been obtained almost trivially .
+3	We argue here that , as the UK higher education system moves towards a more commercial environment , the widespread availability of the M.Sc .	Postgraduate taught degrees in financial mathematics have been booming in popularity in the UK for the last 20 years .	The fees for these courses are considerably higher than other comparable masters-level courses.Why ?	Vendors stipulate that they offer high-demand , high-level vocational training for future employees of the financial services industry , delivered by academics with an internationally recognised research reputation at world-class universities .	in financial mathematics exemplifies a practice of following market demand for the sake of income , without due consideration for the broader consequences .
+2	Our mobile mashup automatically adds context information the content presented by QR-codes .	This paper describes a new model for presenting local information based on the network proximity .	We present a novelty mobile mashup which combines Wi-Fi proximity measurements with QR-codes .	It simplifies the deployment schemes and allows to use unified presentation for all data points , for example .	This paper describes how to combine QR-codes and network proximity information .
+3	Using our earlier measurements of the [ CII ] 158 micron line strength , we derive an upper limit for the [ NII ] / [ CII ] line luminosity ratio of ~1/10 in J1148+5251 .	We present a sensitive search for the ^3P_1- & gt ; ^3P_0 ground state fine structure line at 205 microns of ionized nitrogen ( [ NII ] ) in one of the highest redshift quasars ( J1148+5251 at z=6.42 ) using the IRAM 30m telescope .	The line is not detected at a ( 3 sigma ) depth of 0.47 Jy km s^-1 , corresponding to a [ NII ] luminosity limit of L_ [ NII ] & lt ; 4.0x10^8 L_sun and a L_ [ NII ] /L $ _FIR ratio of & lt ; 2x10^-5 .	In parallel , we have observed the CO ( J=6-5 ) line in J1148+5251 , which is detected at a flux level consistent with earlier interferometric observations .	Our upper limit for the [ CII ] / [ NII ] ratio is similar to the value found for our Galaxy and M82 ( the only extragalactic system where the [ NII ] line has been detected to date ) .
+4	The metric potentials are Schwarzschild-like , but there are two additional Yukawa terms linked to derivatives of $ f $ with respect to two curvature invariants .	For a general class of analytic $ f ( R , R_ { \alpha\beta } R^ { \alpha\beta } , R_ { \alpha\beta\gamma\delta } R^ { \alpha\beta\gamma\delta } ) $ we discuss the gravitational lensing in the Newtonian Limit of theory .	From the properties of Gauss Bonnet invariant it is successful to consider only two curvature invariants between the Ricci and Riemann tensor .	Then we analyze the dynamics of photon embedded in a gravitational field of a generic $ f ( R , R_ { \alpha\beta } R^ { \alpha\beta } ) $ -Gravity .	The metric is time independent and spherically symmetric .
+4	In addition , the flow affects the elongation and triangularity of the magnetic surfaces .	Axisymmetric equilibria with incompressible flows of arbitrary direction are studied in the framework of magnetohydrodynamics under a variety of physically relevant side conditions .	To this end a set of pertinent non-linear ODEs are transformed to quasilinear ones and the respective initial value problem is solved numerically with appropriately determined initial values near the magnetic axis .	Several equilibria are then constructed surface by surface .	The non field aligned flow results in novel configurations with a single magnetic axis , toroidal shell configurations in which the plasma is confined within a couple of magnetic surfaces and double shell-like configurations .
+1	For the cooling protocol , we prepared equilibrated liquids above the liquidus temperature $ T_l $ and cooled each sample to zero temperature at rate $ R_c $ .	We perform molecular dynamics ( MD ) simulations of the crystallization process in binary Lennard-Jones systems during heating and cooling to investigate atomic-scale crystallization kinetics in glass-forming materials .	For the heating protocol , we first cooled equilibrated liquids to zero temperature at rate $ R_p $ and then heated the samples to temperature $ T & gt ; T_l $ at rate $ R_h $ .	We measured the critical heating and cooling rates $ R_h^* $ and $ R_c^* $ , below which the systems begin to form a substantial fraction of crystalline clusters during the heating and cooling protocols .	We show that $ R_h^* & gt ; R_c^* $ , and that the asymmetry ratio $ R_h^*/R_c^* $ includes an intrinsic contribution that increases with the glass-forming ability ( GFA ) of the system and a preparation-rate dependent contribution that increases strongly as $ R_p \rightarrow R_c^* $ from above .
+1	E 80 , 051405 ( 2009 ) ] to calculate the free energy associated with the adsorption of anisotropic colloidal particles at a flat interface .	We apply the recently developed triangular tessellation technique as presented in [ J. de Graaf et al. , Phys.Rev .	From the free-energy landscape , we analyze the adsorption process , using a simplified version of Langevin dynamics .	The present result is a first step to understand the time-dependent behavior of colloids near interfaces .	This study shows a wide range of adsorption trajectories , where the emphasis lies on a strong dependence of the dynamics on the orientation of the colloid at initial contact with the interface .
+0	Geometric approaches to network analysis combine simply defined models with great descriptive power .	In this work we provide a method for embedding directed acyclic graphs into Minkowski spacetime using Multidimensional scaling ( MDS ) .	First we generalise the classical MDS algorithm , defined only for metrics with a Euclidean signature , to manifolds of any metric signature .	We then use this general method to develop an algorithm to be used on networks which have causal structure allowing them to be embedded in Lorentzian manifolds .	The method is demonstrated by calculating embeddings for both causal sets and citation networks in Minkowski spacetime .
+1	Equations of motion are derived from the symmetry argument for three kinds of variables .	We investigate the dynamics of a single deformable self-propelled particle which undergoes a spinning motion in a two-dimensional space .	One is a vector which represents the velocity of the centre of mass .	The second is a traceless symmetric tensor representing deformation .	The third is an antisymmetric tensor for spinning degree of freedom .
+4	Also the influence of this constraint on some static properties of baryons is discussed .	A regularization for the baryon number consistent with the energy in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is introduced .	The soliton solution is constructed with the regularized baryon number constrained to unity .	It is furthermore demonstrated that this constraint prevents the soliton from collapsing when scalar fields are allowed to be space dependent .	In this scheme the scalar fields actually vanish at the origin reflecting a partial restoration of chiral symmetry .
+1	The Cartesian square $ \K_n $ of $ \Cant_n $ consists of $ 4^n $ squares of side-length $ 4^ { -n } $ .	Let $ \Cant_n $ be the $ n $ -th generation in the construction of the middle-half Cantor set .	The chance that a long needle thrown at random in the unit square will meet $ \K_n $ is essentially the average length of the projections of $ \K_n $ , also known as the Favard length of $ \K_n $ .	A result due to Bateman and Volberg \cite { BV } shows that a lower estimate for this Favard length is $ c \frac { \log n } { n } $ .	We may bend the needle at each stage , giving us what we will call a noodle , and ask whether the uniform lower estimate $ c \frac { \log n } { n } $ still holds for these so-called Buffon noodle probabilities .
+4	This work promotes the use of the local basis set approach of controllable accuracy in first-principles nanoplasmonics simulations and beyond .	We present an approach for generating local numerical basis sets of improving accuracy for first-principles nanoplasmonics simulations within time-dependent density functional theory .	The method is demonstrated for copper , silver , and gold nanoparticles that are of experimental interest but computationally demanding due to the semi-core d-electrons that affect their plasmonic response .	The basis sets are constructed by augmenting numerical atomic orbital basis sets by truncated Gaussian-type orbitals generated by the completeness-optimization scheme , which is applied to the photoabsorption spectra of homoatomic metal atom dimers .	We obtain basis sets of improving accuracy up to the complete basis set limit and demonstrate that the performance of the basis sets transfers to simulations of larger nanoparticles and nanoalloys as well as to calculations with various exchange-correlation functionals .
+1	We present recent frequency measurements of the 688 THz transition in the $ ^ { 171 } $ Yb $ ^+ $ ion .	Precision comparisons of different atomic frequency standards over a period of a few years can be used for a sensitive search for temporal variations of fundamental constants .	For this transition frequency a record over six years is now available , showing that a possible frequency drift relative to a cesium clock can be constrained to $ ( -0.54\pm0.97 ) $ Hz/yr , i.e.at the level of $ 2\cdot10^ { -15 } $ per year .	Combined with precision frequency measurements of an optical frequency in $ ^ { 199 } $ Hg $ ^+ $ and of the hyperfine ground state splitting in $ ^ { 87 } $ Rb a stringent limit on temporal variations of the fine structure constant $ \alpha $ : $ d\ln\alpha /dt= ( -0.26\pm0.39 ) \cdot 10^ { -15 } { \rm yr } ^ { -1 } $ and a model-dependent limit for variations of the proton-to-electron mass ratio $ \mu $ in the present epoch can be derived : $ d \ln \mu/dt = ( -1.2 \pm 2.2 ) \cdot 10^ { -15 } { \rm yr } ^ { -1 } $ .	We discuss these results in the context of astrophysical observations that apparently indicate changes in both of these constants over the last 5 -- 10 billion years .
+4	For the foreground cloud , we explored several physical conditions ( density , cosmic ionization rate , C/O ratio ) .	IRAS 16293-2422 is a well studied low-mass protostar characterized by a strong level of deuterium fractionation .	In the line of sight of the protostellar envelope , an additional absorption layer , rich in singly and doubly deuterated water has been discovered by a detailed multiline analysis of HDO .	To model the chemistry in this source , the gas-grain chemical code Nautilus has been used with an extended deuterium network .	For the protostellar envelope , we solve the chemical reaction network in infalling fluid parcels in a protostellar core model .
+0	We study the radial structure of the stellar mass surface density ( $ \mu $ ) and stellar population age as a function of the total stellar mass and morphology for a sample of 107 galaxies from the CALIFA survey .	We use the fossil record to recover the star formation history ( SFH ) in spheroidal and disk dominated galaxies with masses from 10 $ ^9 $ to 10 $ ^ { 12 } $ M $ _\odot $ .	We derive the half mass radius , and we find that galaxies are on average 15 % more compact in mass than in light .	HMR/HLR decreases with increasing mass for disk galaxies , but is almost constant in spheroidal galaxies .	We find that the galaxy-averaged stellar population age , stellar extinction , and $ \mu $ are well represented by their values at 1 HLR .
+0	The past four years has witnessed the renaissance of the hadron spectroscopy .	Many interesting new hadron states were discovered experimentally , some of which do not fit into the quark model easily .	I will give a concise overview of these states and their possible interpretations .	Topics covered in this review are : ( 1 ) candidates of new light hadrons including $ p { \bar p } $ threshold enhancement , X ( 1835 ) , X ( 1576 ) , $ f_0 ( 1810 ) $ , recent candidates of the $ 1^ { -+ } $ exotic mesons , Y ( 2175 ) , $ p\bar\Lambda $ threshold enhancement etc ; ( 2 ) charmed mesons including p-wave non-strange charmed mesons , $ D_ { sj } ( 2317 ) $ and $ D_ { sj } ( 2460 ) $ , recent candidates of higher excited charmed mesons , $ D_ { sj } ( 2632 ) $ etc ; ( 3 ) charmonium and charmonium-like states such as X ( 3872 ) , Y ( 4260 ) , X ( 3940 ) , Y ( 3940 ) , Z ( 3930 ) etc .	The effect from the nearby S-wave open channels on the quark model spectrum above or near strong decay threshold is emphasized .
+4	In particular , the decay of the 125 GeV Higgs into light scalars and/or pseudoscalars and the decay of the heavy Higgs into charginos and neutralinos , provide distinctive signatures of the model .	The new minimal supersymmetric standard model ( nMSSM ) , a variant of the general next to minimal supersymmetric standard model ( NMSSM ) without $ Z_3 $ symmetry , features a naturally light singlino with a mass below 75 GeV .	In light of the new constraints from LHC Run-1 on the Higgs couplings , sparticles searches and flavour observables , we define the parameter space of the model which is compatible with both collider and dark matter ( DM ) properties .	Among the regions compatible with these constraints , implemented through NMSSMTools , SModelS and MadAnalysis 5 , only one with a singlino lightest supersymmetric particle ( LSP ) with a mass around 5 GeV can explain all the DM abundance of the universe , while heavier mixed singlinos can only form one of the DM components .	Typical collider signatures for each region of the parameter space are investigated .
+1	We jointly take into account the hydrodynamics of an evaporating sessile drop , effects of the thermal conduction in the drop and the diffusion of vapor in air .	Several dynamical stages of the Marangoni convection of an evaporating sessile drop are obtained .	The stages are characterized by different number of vortices in the drop and the spatial location of vortices .	During the early stage the array of vortices arises near a surface of the drop and induces a non-monotonic spatial distribution of the temperature over the drop surface .	The number of near-surface vortices in the drop is controlled by the Marangoni cell size , which is calculated similar to that given by Pearson for flat fluid layers .
+1	This looks surprising since the energy of the electrostatic field surrounding a charged body , must contribute positively , as an additional , `` electromagnetic mass '' , to the gravitational field produced by the body .	One can get the impression from the Reissner-Nordstrom solution of Einstein 's equations that the charge of a body reduces its gravitational field .	We resolve this puzzle by showing that the mass M in the Reissner-Nordstrom solution is not the `` bare mass '' of the body , but its `` renormalized mass '' .	I. e. M , in addition to the bare mass , includes the total electromagnetic mass of the body .	But at finite distances from the body only a part of the electromagnetic mass contributes to the gravitational field .
+3	The OS CUT method gives linear differential equations for the diagonalization procedure .	In the present time we observe a growing number of publications where the , so-called , flow equations are successfully used to diagonalize Hamiltonians by means of an appropriate unitary transformation .	Here we discuss and compare the flow equations ( FE ) method ( proposed in 1994 ) with the method of one step continuous unitary transformations ( OS CUT ) ( proposed in 1982 ) .	It is shown that the FE method can be considered as a generalization of the OS CUT approach to the case of parameter dependent generator .	In the FE method the system of differential equations is nonlinear .
+0	Topological crystalline insulators represent a novel topological phase of matter in which the surface states are protected by discrete point group-symmetries of the underlying lattice .	Rock-salt lead-tin-selenide alloy is one possible realization of this phase which undergoes a topological phase transition upon changing the lead content .	We used scanning tunneling microscopy ( STM ) and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( ARPES ) to probe the surface states on ( 001 ) Pb $ _ { 1-x } $ Sn $ _ { x } $ Se in the topologically non-trivial ( x=0.23 ) and topologically trivial ( x=0 ) phases .	We observed quasiparticle interference with STM on the surface of the topological crystalline insulator and demonstrated that the measured interference can be understood from ARPES studies and a simple band structure model .	Furthermore , our findings support the fact that Pb $ _ { 0.77 } $ Sn $ _ { 0.23 } $ Se and PbSe have different topological nature .
+0	We apply the method of unitary transformations to a model two-nucleon potential and construct from it an effective potential in a subspace of momenta below a given cut-off $ \Lambda $ .	The S-matrices in the full space and in the subspace are shown to be identical .	We solve numerically the Schr\ '' odinger equation in the small momentum space and recover exactly the bound and scattering states of the full theory .	We then expand the heavy repulsive meson exchange of the effective potential in a series of local contact terms and discuss the question of naturalness of the corresponding coupling constants .	Using our exact effective theory we address further issues related to the chiral perturbation theory approach of the two-nucleon system .
+3	This study utilizes transmission electron microscopy to provide a thorough ultrastructural characterization of the L-SR junctions in PASMCs .	We demonstrate how nanojunctions between lysosomes and sarcoplasmic reticulum ( L-SR junctions ) serve to couple lysosomal activation to regenerative , ryanodine receptor-mediated cellular calcium ( Ca2+ ) waves .	In pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells ( PASMCs ) nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NAADP ) may trigger increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ via L-SR junctions , in a manner that requires initial Ca2+ release from lysosomes and subsequent Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release ( CICR ) via ryanodine receptor ( RyR ) subtype 3 on the SR membrane proximal to lysosomes .	L-SR junction membrane separation has been estimated to be & lt ; 400 nm and thus beyond the resolution of light microscopy .	These junctions are prominent features in these cells and we estimate that the membrane separation and extension are about 15 nm and 300 nm , respectively .
+3	Concurrently , an additional CME presumably erupted close to the bifurcation region .	Our analysis in Papers I and II ( Grechnev et al. , 2014 , Solar Phys .	289 , 289 and 1279 ) of the 18 November 2003 solar event responsible for the 20 November geomagnetic superstorm has revealed a complex chain of eruptions .	In particular , the eruptive filament encountered a topological discontinuity located near the solar disk center at a height of about 100 Mm , bifurcated , and transformed into a large cloud , which did not leave the Sun .	The conjectures about the responsibility of this compact CME for the superstorm and its disconnection from the Sun are confirmed in Paper IV ( Grechnev et al. , Solar Phys. , submitted ) , which concludes about its probable spheromak-like structure .
+3	We find that the main sources of error are noise , aberrations and mis-calibration ( i.e.model mis-match ) .	Fourier ptychography is a new computational microscopy technique that provides gigapixel-scale intensity and phase images with both wide field-of-view and high resolution .	By capturing a stack of low-resolution images under different illumination angles , a nonlinear inverse algorithm can be used to computationally reconstruct the high-resolution complex field .	Here , we compare and classify multiple proposed inverse algorithms in terms of experimental robustness .	Using simulations and experiments , we demonstrate that the choice of cost function plays a critical role , with amplitude-based cost functions performing better than intensity-based ones .
+0	Helium is a pivotal element in understanding multiple main sequences and extended horizontal branches observed in some globular clusters .	Here we present a spectroscopic study of helium in the nearby globular cluster M4 .	We have obtained spectra of the chromospheric He I 10830 A line in 16 red horizontal branch , red giant branch , and asymptotic giant branch stars .	Clear He I absorption or emission is present in most of the stars .	Effective temperature is the principal parameter that correlates with 10830 A line strength .
+4	The thinness of that shell ( much broader in the radio domain ) implies that the high energy electrons cool down very fast behind the shock .	X-ray synchrotron emission tells us of the highest energy reached by accelerated electrons .	In a few supernova remnants ( SN 1006 , G347.3-0.5 ) this is the dominant form of X-ray radiation , but in most it is superposed to the dominant thermal emission .	Thanks to the spectro-imaging capability of Chandra and XMM-Newton , X-ray synchrotron emission has now been unambiguously detected in most young supernova remnants ( Cas A , Tycho , Kepler ) .	It arises in a very thin shell ( a few arcsecs ) at the blast wave .
+1	It uses very little of the machinery that previously appeared to be necessary for a such an algorithm .	In this paper , we present a simple combinatorial algorithm that solves symmetric diagonally dominant ( SDD ) linear systems in nearly-linear time .	It does not require recursive preconditioning , spectral sparsification , or even the Chebyshev Method or Conjugate Gradient .	After constructing a `` nice '' spanning tree of a graph associated with the linear system , the entire algorithm consists of the repeated application of a simple ( non-recursive ) update rule , which it implements using a lightweight data structure .	The algorithm is numerically stable and can be implemented without the increased bit-precision required by previous solvers .
+4	The classification and binary discovery method is based on the correlation function analysis .	Although primarily aimed at the galactic archeology and evolution , automated all-sky spectroscopic surveys ( RAVE , SDSS ) are also a valuable source for the binary star research community .	Identification of double-lined spectra is easy and it is not limited by the rare occurrences of eclipses .	When the spectrum is properly classified , its atmospheric parameters can be calculated by comparing the spectrum with the best fit atmosphere model .	We present the analysis of the binary stars from the sample of roughly 250.000 RAVE survey spectra .
+1	A key requirement is concentrating magnetic energy in a desired volume of space in order to either extract the energy to produce work or store it .	Controlling electromagnetic energy is essential for an efficient and sustainable society .	Metamaterials have opened new possibilities for controlling electromagnetic energy .	Recently , a superconductor-ferromagnetic metamaterial that allows unprecedented concentration and amplification of magnetic energy , and also its transmission at distance through free space , has been devised theoretically .	Here we design and build an actual version of the superconductor-ferromagnetic metamaterial and experimentally confirm these properties .
+1	We consider the truncated system consisting of component fields of level zero and two , which are expanded in terms of cosh n x^0 modes .	We study time dependent solutions in cubic open string field theory which are expected to describe the configuration of the rolling tachyon .	For studying the large time behavior of the solution we need to know the coefficients of all and , in particular , large n modes .	We examine numerically the coefficients of the n-th mode , and find that it has the leading n-dependence of the form ( -\beta ) ^n \lambda^ { -n^2 } multiplied by a peculiar subleading part with peaks at n=2^m=4,8,16,32,64,128 , ... .	This behavior is also reproduced analytically by solving simplified equations of motion of the tachyon system .
+0	Ionization injection in a plasma wakefield accelerator was investigated experimentally using two lithium plasma sources of different lengths .	The ionization of the helium gas , used to confine the lithium , injects electrons in the wake .	After acceleration , these injected electrons were observed as a distinct group from the drive beam on the energy spectrometer .	They typically have a charge of tens of pC , an energy spread of a few GeV , and a maximum energy of up to 30 GeV .	The emittance of this group of electrons can be many times smaller than the initial emittance of the drive beam .
+0	We consider several integrable systems from a standpoint of the SL ( 2 , R ) invariant gauge theory .	In the Drinfeld-Sokorov gauge , we get a one parameter family of nonlinear equations from zero curvature conditions .	For each value of the parameter the equation is described by weak Lax equations .	It is transformed to a set of coupled equations which pass the Painlev\ ' { e } test and are integrable for any integer values of the parameter .	Performing successive gauge transformations ( the Miura transformations ) on the system of equations we obtain a series of nonlinear equations .
+1	It is demonstrated how this class of Dirac operators allow to relate various geometrical functionals like , for example , the Yang-Mills action and the functional of non-linear $ \sigma- $ models ( i.e.of ( Dirac ) harmonic maps ) .	The geometrical underpinnings of a specific class of Dirac operators is discussed .	These functionals are shown to be similar to the Einstein-Hilbert action with cosmological constant ( EHC ) .	The EHC may thus be regarded as a `` generic functional '' .	As a byproduct , the geometrical setup presented also allows to avoid the issue of `` fermion doubling '' as usually encountered , for instance , in the geometrical discussion of the Standard Model in terms of Dirac operators .
+3	A statistical analysis of variations of the tilt angle of bipolar magnetic regions during the emergence shows that the systematic tilt with respect to the equator ( the Joy 's law ) is most likely established below the surface .	Magnetic fields emerging from the Sun 's interior carry information about physical processes of magnetic field generation and transport in the convection zone .	Soon after appearance on the solar surface the magnetic flux gets concentrated in sunspot regions and causes numerous active phenomena on the Sun .	This paper discusses some properties of the emerging magnetic flux observed on the solar surface and in the interior .	However , no evidence of the dependence of the tilt angle on the amount of emerging magnetic flux , predicted by the rising magnetic flux rope theories , is found .
+0	Exact solutions are derived for the problem of a two-dimensional , infinitely anisotropic , linear-elastic medium containing a periodic lattice of voids .	The matrix material possesses either one infinitely soft , or one infinitely hard loading direction , which induces localized ( singular ) field configurations .	The effective elastic moduli are computed as functions of the porosity in each case .	Their dilute expansions feature half-integer powers of the porosity , which can be correlated to the localized field patterns .	Statistical characterizations of the fields , such as their first moments and their histograms are provided , with particular emphasis on the singularities of the latter .
+4	Then , we establish concavity inequalities for quermassintegrals and for other general hyperbolic functionals , which generalize the celebrated Pr\'ekopa-Leindler and Brascamp-Lieb inequalities .	We extend to a functional setting the concept of quermassintegrals , well-known within the Minkowski theory of convex bodies .	We work in the class of quasi-concave functions defined on the Euclidean space , and with the hierarchy of their subclasses given by $ \alpha $ -concave functions .	In this setting , we investigate the most relevant features of functional quermassintegrals , and we show they inherit the basic properties of their classical geometric counterpart .	As a first main result , we prove a Steiner-type formula which holds true by choosing a suitable functional equivalent of the unit ball .
+1	( 2015 ) ) and in our paper \cite { Yazadjiev2014 } ( Yazadjiev et al . ( 2014 ) ) .	In the present comment we discuss the qualitative and the quantitative differences between the neutron stars models in $ f ( R ) $ gravity presented in the recent paper \cite { Capozziello2015 } ( Capozziello et al .	The authors of \cite { Capozziello2015 } claim that these differences come from the fact that they are using the physical Jordan frame while we are working in the Einstein frame .	The results in \cite { Yazadjiev2014 } are very well tested by two numerical codes using different formulations of the field equations that give us the confidence that they are correct .	Thus we decided to perform an additional test .
+3	We discuss the Hamiltonian structure of these theories and find that mass , momentum , and energy are conserved .	We study a class of generalized fifth order Korteweg-de Vries ( KdV ) equations which are derivable from a Lagrangian L ( p , m , n , l ) which has variable powers of the first and second derivatives of the field with powers given by the parameters p , m , n , l .	The resulting field equation has solitary wave solutions of both the usual ( non-compact ) and compact variety ( `` compactons '' ) .	For the particular case that p=m=n+l , the solitary wave solutions have compact support and the feature that their width is independent of the amplitude .	We find in general that these are not completely integrable systems .
+1	This result is well known when , instead of the Pucci operator , the Laplacian or a divergence form operator is considered .	In this paper we deal with existence and uniqueness of solution to super-linear problems for the Pucci operator : $ $ -\M^+ ( D^2u ) +|u|^ { s-1 } u=f ( x ) \quad { in } \RR^n , $ $ where $ s & gt ; 1 $ and $ f $ satisfies only local integrability conditions .	Our existence results use the Alexandroff-Bakelman-Pucci inequality since we can not use any variational formulation .	For radially symmetric $ f $ we can prove our results under less local integrability assumptions , taking advantage of an appropriate variational formulation .	We also obtain an existence result with boundary explosion in smooth domains .
+1	The superconducting properties of melt quenched Bi-2212 ( Bi2212-MQ ) sample are compared with non-melted Bi2212-NM and Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 ( Bi-2223 ) .	We scrutinize the enhanced superconducting performance of melt quench Bismuth based Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 ( Bi-2212 ) superconductor .	Crystal structure and morphology of the samples are studied using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM ) techniques .	The high field ( 14T ) magneto-transport and DC/AC magnetic susceptibility techniques are extensively used to study the superconducting properties of the investigated samples .	The superconducting critical temperature ( Tc ) and upper critical field ( Hc2 ) as well as thermally activated flux flow ( TAFF ) activation energy are estimated from the magneto-resistive [ R ( T ) H ] measurements .
+1	It contains the results of 159 light curve solutions .	A catalogue of light curve solutions of contact binary stars has been compiled .	Properties of contact binary stars were studied by using the catalogue data .	As it is well known since Lucy 's ( 1968a , b ) and Mochnacki 's ( 1981 ) works , primary components transfer their own energy to the secondary star via the common envelope around the two stars .	This transfer was parameterized by a transfer parameter ( ratio of the observed and intrinsic luminosities of the primary star ) .
+2	The result was subsequently interpreted on the basis of suppression of the filamentation instability in an inhomogeneous plasma [ Phys .	A recent experimental observation has shown efficient transport of Mega Ampere of electron currents through aligned carbon nanotube arrays [ Phys.Rev Letts .	108 , 235005 ( 2012 ) ] .	Plasmas 21 , 012108 ( 2014 ) ] .	This inhomogeneity forms as a result of the ionization of the carbon nanotubes .
+0	A poset is said to be ( 2+2 ) -free if it does not contain an induced subposet that is isomorphic to 2+2 , the union of two disjoint 2-element chains .	Two elements in a poset are indistinguishable if they have the same strict up-set and the same strict down-set .	Being indistinguishable defines an equivalence relation on the elements of the poset .	We introduce the statistic maxindist , the maximum size of a set of indistinguishable elements .	We show that , under a bijection of Bousquet-Melou et al. , indistinguishable elements correspond to letters that belong to the same run in the so-called ascent sequence corresponding to the poset .
+0	We report long-slit spectroscopic observations of the Herbig Ae/Be star Elias 1 in the 3.2-3.6 mum region covering the C-H stretch emission features of hydrogen-terminated diamonds and PAHs .	The data were recorded at UKIRT using UIST and yield information on the profiles and intensities of the bands as a function of offset along the N-S and E-W axes centred on the close binary .	The diamond and nearby IR continuum emission arises from a symmetrical inner core region ( & lt ; 0.34 arcsec or 48 AU ) .	The 3.3 mum PAH emission is extended along the E-W axis up to ~ 100 AU each side of the star .	This result supports a suggestion of Haas , Leinert & amp ; Richichi ( 1997 ) of an E-W oriented bipolar nebula in Elias 1 .
+4	In particular , at low temperature limit and in weak interaction regime , we obtain an analytic expression for the entropy , which agrees qualitatively with our numerical result .	Based on the semi-classical theory , we investigate the thermodynamic properties of a dipolar Fermi gas .	Through a self-consistent procedure , we numerically obtain the phase space distribution function at finite temperature .	We show that the deformations in both momentum and real space becomes smaller and smaller as one increases the temperature .	For homogeneous case , we also calculate pressure , entropy , and heat capacity .
+4	We extend the analysis to include CP phases taking into account the mixing of the CP-even and CP-odd Higgs boson states which play an important role in determining the relic density .	An analysis of the sensitivity of supersymmetric dark matter to variations in the b quark mass is given .	Specifically we study the effects on the neutralino relic abundance from supersymmetric loop corrections to the mass of the b quark .	It is known that these loop corrections can become significant for large $ \tan\beta $ .	The analysis is carried out in the framework of mSUGRA and we focus on the region where the relic density constraints are satisfied by resonant annihilation through the s-channel Higgs poles .
+1	The biased ensembles are characterised by non-zero currents and lack the time-reversal symmetry of the equilibrium state , but we show that they retain a generalised time-reversal symmetry , involving a spatial transformation that inverts the current .	We consider biased ensembles of trajectories associated with large deviations of currents in equilibrium systems .	This means that these ensembles lack dissipation .	Hence , they differ significantly from non-equilibrium steady states where currents are induced by external forces .	One consequence of this result is that maximum entropy assumptions ( MaxEnt/MaxCal ) , widely used for modelling thermal systems away from equilibrium , have quite unexpected implications , including apparent superfluid behaviour in a classical model of shear flow .
+3	Our trajectories visualize strong transient confinements within domains as small as 20 nm , and the statistical analysis of the data reveals multiple mobilities and deviations from normal diffusion .	Supported lipid bilayers have been studied intensively over the past two decades .	In this work , we study the diffusion of single gold nanoparticles ( GNPs ) with diameter of 20 nm attached to GM1 ganglioside or DOPE lipids at different concentrations in supported DOPC bilayers .	The indefinite photostability of GNPs combined with the high sensitivity of interferometric scattering microscopy ( iSCAT ) allows us to achieve 1.9 nm spatial precision at 1 ms temporal resolution , while maintaining long recording times .	We present a detailed analysis of our findings and provide interpretations regarding the effect of the supporting substrate and GM1 clustering .
+1	For large $ U $ , we have antiferromagnetic order phase .	In this paper we generalized the slave-particle technique to study the phase diagram of the Hubbard model on honeycomb lattice which may contain charge fluctuations .	As we decrease $ U $ below $ U_ { c2 } \simeq 3t $ , the system undergoes a first order phase transition into a gapped spin rotation invariant phase .	Under a semiclassical approximation of the slave-particle approach , we find that such phase breaks the translation symmetry , the parity and the lattice rotation symmetry .	However , beyond the semiclassical approximation , a $ Z_2 $ spin liquid that does not break any lattice symmetry is also possible .
+4	The bulk of the report is then devoted to several different simplified models and their signatures , including s-channel and t-channel processes .	The study of collision events with missing energy as searches for the dark matter ( DM ) component of the Universe are an essential part of the extensive program looking for new physics at the LHC .	Given the unknown nature of DM , the interpretation of such searches should be made broad and inclusive .	This report reviews the usage of simplified models in the interpretation of missing energy searches .	We begin with a brief discussion of the utility and limitation of the effective field theory approach to this problem .
+3	Our results indicate a value for the strange quark mass ( in the MS-bar scheme at a scale of 2 GeV ) in the range 100 - 130 MeV .	Using the O ( a ) Symanzik improved action an estimate is given for the strange quark mass for unquenched ( n_f=2 ) QCD .	The determination is via the axial Ward identity ( AWI ) and includes a non-perturbative evaluation of the renormalisation constant .	Numerical results have been obtained at several lattice spacings , enabling the continuum limit to be taken .	A comparison is also made with other recent lattice determinations of the strange quark mass using dynamical sea quarks .
+1	In this algorithm , an SU ( N ) operator is diagonalized at each site , followed by gauge fixing the diagonal ( Cartan ) part of the links to Coulomb gauge using the residual abelian freedom .	A progress report on experiences with a gauge fixing method proposed in LATTICE 94 is presented .	The Cartan sector of the link field is separated into the physical gauge field $ \alpha^ { ( f ) } _\mu $ responsible for producing $ f^ { \rm Cartan } _ { \mu\nu } $ , the pure gauge part , lattice artifacts , and zero modes .	The gauge transformation to the physical gauge field $ \alpha^ { ( f ) } _\mu $ is then constructed and performed .	Compactness of the lattice fields entails issues related to monopoles and zero modes which are addressed .
+2	By contrast , in the nonlinear regime recent experiments and supporting simulations are now providing evidence that the efficiency of heat transport remains strongly influenced by Ekman pumping in the rapidly rotating limit .	It is a well established result of linear theory that the influence of differing mechanical boundary conditions , i.e. , stress-free or no-slip , on the primary instability in rotating convection becomes asymptotically small in the limit of rapid rotation .	This is accounted for by the diminishing impact of the viscous stresses exerted within Ekman boundary layers and the associated vertical momentum transport by Ekman pumping .	In this paper , a reduced model is developed for the case of low Rossby number convection in a plane layer geometry with no-slip upper and lower boundaries held at fixed temperatures .	A complete description of the dynamics requires the existence of three distinct regions within the fluid layer : a geostrophically balanced interior where fluid motions are predominately aligned with the axis of rotation , Ekman boundary layers immediately adjacent to the bounding plates , and thermal wind layers driven by Ekman pumping in between .
+2	In order to relate the phenomenology in plane Poiseuille flow to our previous studies of plane Couette flow ( Kreilos & amp ; Eckhardt , 2012 ) , we study a symmetric subspace of plane Poiseuille flow in which the bifurcation cascade stands out clearly .	Plane Poiseuille flow shows turbulence at a Reynolds number that is lower than the critical one for the onset of Tollmien-Schlichting waves .	The transition to turbulence follows the same route as the by-pass transition in boundary layers , i.e.finite amplitude perturbations are required and the flow is dominated by downstream vortices and streaks in the transitional regime .	By tracing the edge state , which in this system is a travelling wave , and its bifurcations , we can trace the formation of a chaotic attractor , the interior crisis that increase the phase space volume affected by the flow , and the ultimate transition into a chaotic saddle in a crisis bifurcation .	After the boundary crisis we can observe transient chaos with exponentially distributed lifetimes .
+0	We propose a mechanism for solving the horizon and entropy problems of standard cosmology which does not make use of cosmological inflation .	Crucial ingredients of our scenario are brane gases , extra dimensions , and a confining potential due to string gas effects which becomes dominant at string-scale brane separations .	The initial conditions are taken to be a statistically homogeneous and isotropic hot brane gas in a space in which all spatial dimensions are of string scale .	The extra dimensions which end up as the internal ones are orbifolded .	The hot brane gas leads to an initial phase ( Phase 1 ) of isotropic expansion .
+1	Recently , SN 2008D shows several novel features : ( i ) weak XRF , ( ii ) an early , narrow optical peak , ( iii ) disappearance of the broad lines typical of SNIc HNe , ( iv ) development of He lines as in SNeIb .	The only supernovae ( SNe ) to have shown early gamma-ray or X-ray emission thus far are overenergetic , broad-lined Type Ic SNe ( Hypernovae - HNe ) .	Detailed analysis shows that SN 2008D was not a normal SN : its explosion energy ( KE ~ 6*10^ { 51 } erg ) and ejected mass ( ~7 Msun ) are intermediate between normal SNeIbc and HNe .	We derive that SN 2008D was originally a ~30Msun star .	When it collapsed a black hole formed and a weak , mildly relativistic jet was produced , which caused the XRF .
+0	We study bound object formation in a background universe accelerated by cosmological constant and by quintessence .	If the acceleration lasts forever , due to the existence of event horizon , one would have naively expected the universe to approach a state of cold death .	However , we find that many local regions in the universe can in fact be protected by their own gravity to form mini-universes , provided that their present matter densities exceed some critical value .	In the case with cosmological constant ( $ \Lambda $ CDM cosmology ) the condition of forming mini-universe is that the ratio of present density parameters $ \Omega_ { i } ^0/\Omega_\Lambda $ ought to be larger than a critical value 3.63 .	Such mini-universes typically weigh less than $ 2\times 10^ { 14 } $ solar masses , with the lighter ones having tight and compact configurations .
+1	It also construct in a very elementary way a $ C^ { 1,1 } $ realization of this metric .	This article presents a proof of Pogorelov 's result that there exists a $ C^ { 2,1 } $ metric with no local $ C^2 $ realization in $ \mathbb { R } ^3 $ .	Pogorelov 's result is somewhat controversial among the community of researchers that study isometric immersions .	This in part owes to the lack of details in Pogorelov 's original paper .	The chief aim of the paper is therefore to provide the missing details .
+2	These measurements showed a significant excess of power between 0.5 and 1.5 mHz , with ~ 1 m/s peak amplitude .	The F5 IV-V star Procyon A ( aCMi ) was observed in January 2001 by means of the high resolution spectrograph SARG operating with the TNG 3.5m Italian telescope ( Telescopio Nazionale Galileo ) at Canary Islands , exploiting the iodine cell technique .	The time-series of about 950 spectra carried out during 6 observation nights and a preliminary data analysis were presented in Claudi et al.2005 .	Here we present a more detailed analysis of the time-series , based on both radial velocity and line equivalent width analyses .	From the power spectrum we found a typical p-mode frequency comb-like structure , identified with a good margin of certainty 11 frequencies in the interval 0.5-1400 mHz of modes with l=0,1,2 and 7 & lt ; n & lt ; 22 , and determined large and small frequency separations , Dn = 55.90 \pm 0.08 muHz and dnu_02=7.1 \pm 1.3 muHz , respectively .
+4	Our best metallic structure is metastable and slightly higher in energy , and retains equivalent PA ions and a higher P21 symmetry -- the same generally claimed for metallic PAHs .	Several examples of metallic electron doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) molecular crystals have recently been experimentally proposed .	Some of them have superconducting components , but most other details are still unknown beginning with structure and the nature of metallicity .	We carried out ab-initio density functional calculations for La-Phenanthrene ( La-PA ) , here meant to represent a generic case of three-electron doping , to investigate structure and properties of a conceptually simple case .	To our surprise we found first of all that the lowest energy state is not metallic but band insulating , with a disproportionation of two inequivalent PA molecular ions and a low P1 symmetry , questioning the common assumption that three electrons will automatically metallize a PAH crystal .
+4	An equation-of-motion approach is chosen to obtain the one-particle Green 's function .	The Kondo-lattice model is well established as a method to describe an exchange coupling between single conduction electrons and localized magnetic moments .	As a nontrivial exact result the zero-bandwidth limit ( atomic limit ) can be used to test approximations for this model .	As soon as the translational symmetry is broken ( for instance by sublattice structures ) it is necessary to consider more than one lattice site .	Therefore , we study as a starting point for generalizations the situation of a two-site cluster .
+3	Unlike a large local void , the model respects the cosmological principle , further offering an explanation for the late onset of the perceived acceleration as a consequence of the forming nonlinear structures .	Motivated by the observed cosmic matter distribution , we present the following conjecture : due to the formation of voids and opaque structures , the average matter density on the path of the light from the well-observed objects changes from Omega_M ~ 1 in the homogeneous early universe to Omega_M ~ 0 in the clumpy late universe , so that the average expansion rate increases along our line of sight from EdS expansion Ht ~ 2/3 at high redshifts to free expansion Ht ~ 1 at low redshifts .	To calculate the modified observable distance-redshift relations , we introduce a generalized Dyer-Roeder method that allows for two crucial physical properties of the universe : inhomogeneities in the expansion rate and the growth of the nonlinear structures .	By treating the transition redshift to the void-dominated era as a free parameter , we find a phenomenological fit to the observations from the CMB anisotropy , the position of the baryon oscillation peak , the magnitude-redshift relations of type Ia supernovae , the local Hubble flow and the nucleosynthesis , resulting in a concordant model of the universe with 90 % dark matter , 10 % baryons , no dark energy , 15 Gyr as the age of the universe and a natural value for the transition redshift z_0=0.35 .	Additional tests , such as quantitative predictions for angular deviations due to an anisotropic void distribution and a theoretical derivation of the model , can vindicate or falsify the interpretation that light propagation in voids is responsible for the perceived acceleration .
+3	We investigate , and conjecture about , the limit typical shape of the measure , in analogy with work of [ Vershik-Kerov '77 ] , [ Logan-Shepp '77 ] and others on the `` longest increasing subsequence problem '' for permutations .	We define and study the Plancherel-Hecke probability measure on Young diagrams ; the Hecke algorithm of [ Buch-Kresch-Shimozono-Tamvakis-Yong '06 ] is interpreted as a polynomial-time exact sampling algorithm for this measure .	Using the results of [ Thomas-Yong '07 ] on jeu de taquin for increasing tableaux , a symmetry property of the Hecke algorithm is proved , in terms of longest strictly increasing/decreasing subsequences of words .	This parallels classical theorems of [ Schensted '61 ] and of [ Knuth '70 ] , respectively , on the Schensted and Robinson-Schensted-Knuth algorithms .	We also include a related extension of [ Aldous-Diaconis '99 ] on patience sorting .
+3	This result holds as well for functions that depend on the shift vector , the lapse function , and the Lagrange multipliers of the Yang-Mills and gravitational Gauss constraints , provided that the Wick rotation is implemented by means of an analytic continuation of the lapse .	The generalised Wick transform discovered by Thiemann provides a well-established relation between the Euclidean and Lorentzian theories of general relativity .	We extend this Thiemann transform to the Ashtekar formulation for gravity coupled with spin-1/2 fermions , a non-Abelian Yang-Mills field , and a scalar field .	It is proved that , on functions of the gravitational and matter phase space variables , the Thiemann transform is equivalent to the composition of an inverse Wick rotation and a constant complex scale transformation of all fields .	In this way , the Thiemann transform is furnished with a geometric interpretation .
+3	Since the characteristic equation for waves has in general three roots , two cases are examined .	The single-wave model equations are transformed to an exact hydrodynamic closure by using a class of solutions to the Vlasov equation corresponding to the waterbag model .	The warm fluid dynamic equations are then manipulated by means of the renormalization group method .	As a result , amplitude equations for the slowly varying wave amplitudes are derived .	If all three roots of the characteristic equation are real , the amplitude equations for the eigenmodes represent a system of three coupled nonlinear equations .
+1	D 89 , 064023 ( 2014 ) . ]	The vulnerability to single-detector instrumental artifacts in standard detection methods for long-duration quasimonochromatic gravitational waves from nonaxisymmetric rotating neutron stars [ continuous waves ( CWs ) ] was addressed in past work [ D. Keitel et al. , Phys.Rev .	by a Bayesian approach .	An explicit model of persistent single-detector disturbances led to a generalized detection statistic with improved robustness against such artifacts .	Since many strong outliers in semicoherent searches of LIGO data are caused by transient disturbances that last only a few hours , we extend the noise model to cover such limited-duration disturbances , and demonstrate increased robustness in realistic simulated data .
+2	Various off-shell supermultiplets in AdS^ { 5|8 } x S^2 are defined , and supersymmetric actions are constructed both in harmonic and projective superspace approaches .	As a step towards formulating projective superspace techniques for supergravity theories with eight supercharges , this work is devoted to field theory in five-dimensional N = 1 anti-de Sitter superspace AdS^ { 5|8 } = SU ( 2,2|1 ) /SO ( 4,1 ) x U ( 1 ) which is a maximally symmetric curved background .	We develop the differential geometry of AdS^ { 5|8 } and describe its isometries in terms of Killing supervectors .	Several families of supersymmetric theories are presented including nonlinear sigma-models , Chern-Simons theories and vector-tensor dynamical systems .	Using a suitable coset representative , we make use of the coset construction to develop an explicit realization for one half of the superspace AdS^ { 5|8 } as a trivial fiber bundle with fibers isomorophic to four-dimensional Minkowski superspace .
+0	In principle the Zeno effect controlled-sign gate of Franson et al 's ( PRA 70 , 062302 , 2004 ) is a deterministic two-qubit optical gate .	However , when realistic values of photon loss are considered its fidelity is significantly reduced .	Here we consider the use of measurement based quantum processing techniques to enhance the operation of the Zeno gate .	With the help of quantum teleportation , we show that it is possible to achieve a Zeno CNOT gate ( GC-Zeno gate ) that gives ( near ) unit fidelity and moderate probability of success of 0.76 with a one-photon to two-photon transmission ratio $ \kappa=10^4 $ .	We include some mode-mismatch effects and estimate the bounds on the mode overlap and $ \kappa $ for which fault tolerant operation would be possible .
+2	In contrast , fixed boundary conditions induce boundary layers and necessitate the use of non-uniform grids , usually generated by orthogonal polynomials .	Both theoretical and numerical studies of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation have mostly considered periodic boundary conditions .	In this setting , the Fourier decomposition of the solution is central to theoretical ideas , such as renormalization group arguments , as well as to numerical solution , allowing for the construction of accurate and efficient time-steppers using standard pseudo-spectral methods .	On such bases , numerical differentiation is ill-conditioned and can potentially lead to a catastrophic blow-up of round-off error .	In this paper , we use ideas recently explored by Viswanath ( J. Comput.Phys.251 ( 2013 ) , pp .
+1	In six out of seven cases we find an X-ray absorber associated with the GRB host galaxy with column density ( assuming solar abundances ) ranging from ( 0.8 - 7.7 ) x10^ { 21 } cm^ { -2 } .	Using a sample of gamma-ray burst ( GRB ) afterglows detected by both the X-Ray and the UV/Optical Telescopes ( XRT and UVOT ) on Swift , we modelled the spectral energy distributions ( SEDs ) to determine gas column densities and dust extinction in the GRB local environment .	We determine the rest-frame visual extinction A_V using the SMC , LMC and Galactic extinction curves to model the dust in the GRB host galaxy , and this ranges from A_V = 0.12\pm 0.04 to A_V = 0.65^ { +0.08 } _ { -0.07 } .	The afterglow SEDs were typically best fit by a model with an SMC extinction curve .	In only one case was the GRB afterglow better modelled by a Galactic extinction curve , which has a prominent absorption feature at 2175angstrom .
+4	We show how to use the permutation actions to construct divided difference operators and to give formulas for some localizations of certain equivariant classes .	This survey paper describes two geometric representations of the permutation group using the tools of toric topology .	These actions are extremely useful for computational problems in Schubert calculus .	The ( torus ) equivariant cohomology of the flag variety is constructed using the combinatorial description of Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson , discussed in detail .	Two permutation representations on equivariant and ordinary cohomology are identified in terms of irreducible representations of the permutation group .
+1	Of paramount importance are the transport gap - the difference between ionization potential and electron affinity - and the exciton binding energy - inferred from the difference between the transport and optical absorption gaps .	The broad use of organic semiconductors for optoelectronic applications relies on quantitative understanding and control of their spectroscopic properties .	Transport gaps are commonly established via photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy ( PES/IPES ) .	However , PES and IPES are surface-sensitive , average over a dynamic lattice , and are subject to extrinsic effects , leading to significant uncertainty in gaps .	Here , we use density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory to calculate the spectroscopic properties of two prototypical organic semiconductors , pentacene and 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride ( PTCDA ) , quantitatively comparing with measured PES , IPES , and optical absorption spectra .
+4	We also discuss continuous-space , discrete-time random walks for which in the case of a heavy tailed step-size distribution it is known that the large deviation may be achieved in a single step of the walk .	We study stochastic processes in which the trajectories are constrained so that the process realises a large deviation of the unconstrained process .	In particular we consider stochastic bridges and the question of inequivalence of path ensembles between the microcanonical ensemble , in which the end points of the trajectory are constrained , and the canonical or s ensemble in which a bias or tilt is introduced into the process .	We show how ensemble inequivalence can be manifested by the phenomenon of temporal condensation in which the large deviation is realised in a vanishing fraction of the duration ( for long durations ) .	For diffusion processes we find that condensation happens whenever the process is subject to a confining potential , such as for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process , but not in the borderline case of dry friction in which there is partial ensemble equivalence .
+4	In contrast , masses and couplings are allowed for the physical radion eigenstate that make it unobservable at the LHC .	We derive the Lagrangian and Feynman rules up to bilinear scalar fields for the mixed Higgs-radion eigenstates interacting with Standard Model particles confined to a 3-brane in Randall-Sundrum warped geometry .	We use the results to compute precision electroweak observables and compare theory predictions with experiment .	We characterize the interesting regions of parameter space that simultaneously enable a very heavy Higgs mass and a very heavy radion mass , both masses being well above the putative Higgs boson mass limit in the Standard Model derived from the constraints of precision electroweak observables .	For parameters consistent with the precision constraints the Higgs boson physical eigenstate is typically detectable , but its properties may be difficult to study at the Large Hadron Collider .
+2	It consists of a tenuous inner wind bubble , a dense shell of swept-up red supergiant wind material , and a subsequent red supergiant wind region .	The nonlinear kinetic model of cosmic ray ( CR ) acceleration in supernova remnants ( SNRs ) is used to describe the relevant properties of Cassiopeia A ( Cas A ) .	In order to reproduce the SNR 's observed size , expansion rate and thermal X-ray emission we employ a piecewise homogeneous model for the progenitor 's circumstellar medium developed by Borkowski et al . ( 1996 ) .	A quite large SNR interior magnetic field B_d approx 1 mG is required to give a good fit for the radio and X-ray synchrotron emission .	The steep radio spectrum is consistent with efficient proton acceleration which produces a significant shock modification and leads to a steep electron spectrum at energies E_e & lt ; 1 GeV .
+3	The approach presented in this monograph makes use of A Mathematics of Arrays ( MoA , Mullin 1988 ) and an indexing calculus ( i.e.the psi-calculus ) to enable the programmer to develop algorithms using high-level compiler-like optimizations through the ability to algebraically compose and reduce sequences of array operations .	We present a systematic , algebraically based , design methodology for efficient implementation of computer programs optimized over multiple levels of the processor/memory and network hierarchy .	Using a common formalism to describe the problem and the partitioning of data over processors and memory levels allows one to mathematically prove the efficiency and correctness of a given algorithm as measured in terms of a set of metrics ( such as processor/network speeds , etc . ) .	The approach allows the average programmer to achieve high-level optimizations similar to those used by compiler writers ( e.g.the notion of `` tiling '' ) .	Extensive discussion and benchmark results are presented for the Fast Fourier Transform and other important algorithms .
+1	The isomers studied are the rings , the convex and the quasiplanar structures , the tubes and , the closed structures .	We investigate the equilibrium geometries and the systematics of bonding in various isomers of a 24-atom boron cluster using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics within the framework of density functional theory .	A staggered double-ring is found to be the most stable structure amongst the isomers studied .	Our calculations reveal that a 24-atom boron cluster does form closed 3-d structures .	All isomers show staggered arrangement of nearest neighbor atoms .
+3	This approach differs from previous works and through the quantum - classical mapping between quantum field theory in spatial dimension $ d $ and classical statistical mechanics in dimension $ d+1 , $ provides a new example of Feynman 's generalization of the Least Action Principle to problems that do not have a standard Lagrangian or Hamiltonian .	A family of spin-lattice models are derived as convergent finite dimensional approximations to the rest frame kinetic energy of a barotropic fluid coupled to a massive rotating sphere .	In not fixing the angular momentum of the fluid component , there is no Hamiltonian equations of motion of the fluid component of the coupled system .	This family is used to formulate a statistical equilibrium model for the energy - relative enstrophy theory of the coupled barotropic fluid - rotating sphere system , known as the spherical model , which because of its microcanonical constraint on relative enstrophy , does not have the low temperature defect of the classical energy - enstrophy theory .	A simple mean field theory for this statistical equlibrium model is formulated and solved , providing precise conditions on the planetary spin and relative enstrophy in order for phase transitions to occur at positive and negative critical temperatures , $ T_ { + } $ and $ T_ { - } . $
+4	We prove that any support point $ \mathbf { x } _ { * } $ of a $ D $ -optimum design on $ \mathcal { X } $ must satisfy the inequality $ d ( \xi , \mathbf { x } _ { * } ) \geq m ( 1+\epsilon/2-\sqrt { \epsilon ( 4+\epsilon-4/m ) } /2 ) $ .	We improve the inequality used in Pronzato [ 2003 .	Removing non-optimal support points in D-optimum design algorithms.Statist.Probab.Lett .	63 , 223-228 ] to remove points from the design space during the search for a $ D $ -optimum design .	Let $ \xi $ be any design on a compact space $ \mathcal { X } \subset \mathbb { R } ^m $ with a nonsingular information matrix , and let $ m+\epsilon $ be the maximum of the variance function $ d ( \xi , \mathbf { x } ) $ over all $ \mathbf { x } \in \mathcal { X } $ .
+1	There exists a family of stationary solutions with vorticity given by $ \Omega^*=\alpha\cos ( \mathbf { p } \cdot \mathbf { x } ) +\beta \sin ( \mathbf { p } \cdot \mathbf { x } ) $ .	We consider the hydrodynamics of an incompressible fluid on a 2D periodic domain .	This situation can be approximated as a structure preserving finite dimensional Hamiltonian system by a truncation introduced by Zeitlin ( 1990,2005 ) or by the more standard Galerkin style finite element method .	We use these two truncations to analyse the linear stability of these solutions and analytical and numerical results are compared .	Following the methods used by Li ( 2000 ) the problem is divided into subsystems and we prove that most subsystems are linearly stable .
+2	We prove the following variational inequality in the case where T is power bounded from above and below : for any increasing sequence ( t_k ) _ { k in N } of natural numbers we have sum_k || A_ { t_ { k+1 } } x - A_ { t_k } x ||^p & lt ; = C || x ||^p , where the constant C depends only on p and the modulus of uniform convexity .	Let B be a p-uniformly convex Banach space , with p & gt ; = 2 .	Let T be a linear operator on B , and let A_n x denote the ergodic average ( 1 / n ) sum_ { i & lt ; n } T^n x .	For T a nonexpansive operator , we obtain a weaker bound on the number of epsilon-fluctuations in the sequence .	We clarify the relationship between bounds on the number of epsilon-fluctuations in a sequence and bounds on the rate of metastability , and provide lower bounds on the rate of metastability that show that our main result is sharp .
+2	In particular , the spatial inhomogeneity of the zero-point oscillations of multipole field is shown .	We discuss the spatial properties of quantum radiation emitted by a multipole transition in a single atom .	The qualitative difference between the representations of plane and spherical waves of photons is examined .	We show that the vacuum noise of polarization is concentrated in a certain vicinity of atoms where it strongly exceeds the level predicted by the representation of the plane waves .	A new general polarization matrix is proposed .
+0	Mixed pixels are presented in hyperspectral images due to low spatial resolution of hyperspectral sensors .	Spectral unmixing decomposes mixed pixels spectra into endmembers spectra and abundance fractions .	In this paper using of robust statistics-based nonnegative matrix factorization ( RNMF ) for spectral unmixing of hyperspectral data is investigated .	RNMF uses a robust cost function and iterative updating procedure , so is not sensitive to outliers .	This method has been applied to simulated data using USGS spectral library , AVIRIS and ROSIS datasets .
+1	The critical points are points $ \nabla_ { h^n } s_n=0 $ where $ \nabla_ { h^n } $ is the smooth Chern connection with respect to the Hermitian metric $ h^n $ on line bundle $ L^n $ .	We study the two-point correlation $ K^m_n ( z , w ) $ between zeros and critical points of Gaussian random holomorphic sections $ s_n $ over K\ '' ahler manifolds .	The main result is that the rescaling limit of $ K^m_n ( z_0+\frac u { \sqrt n } , z_0+\frac v { \sqrt n } ) $ for any $ z_0\in M $ is universal as $ n $ tends to infinity .	In fact , the universal rescaling limit is the two-point correlation between zeros and critical points of Gaussian analytic functions for the Bargmann-Fock space of level $ 1 $ .	Furthermore , there is a 'repulsion ' between zeros and critical points for the short range ; and a 'neutrality ' for the long range .
+2	The method is based on the use of multi-parameter spectral differential equations constructable from generators of finite-dimensional representations of simple Lie algebras and from generators of the associated W-algebras .	The relationship between the quasi-exactly solvable problems and W-algebras is revealed .	This relationship enabled one to formulate a new general method for building multi-dimensional and multi-channel exactly and quasi-exactly solvable models with hermitian hamiltonians .	It is shown that algebras B ( n ) , C ( n+1 ) , D ( 2n+2 ) with n & gt ; 1 and also algebras A ( 1 ) , G ( 2 ) , F ( 4 ) , E ( 7 ) and E ( 8 ) always lead to models with hermitian hamiltonians .	The situation with the remaining algebras A ( n ) , D ( 2n+3 ) with n & gt ; 1 and E ( 6 ) is still unclear .
+1	The absolute calibration is determined to 0.7 % with drifts smaller than 0.2 % per year .	The Differential Microwave Radiometers ( DMR ) instrument aboard the Cosmic Background Explorer ( COBE ) has mapped the full microwave sky to mean sensitivity 26 uK per 7 deg field of view .	We have analyzed both the raw differential data and the pixelized sky maps for evidence of contaminating sources such as solar system foregrounds , instrumental susceptibilities , and artifacts from data recovery and processing .	Most systematic effects couple only weakly to the sky maps .	The largest uncertainties in the maps result from the instrument susceptibility to the Earth 's magnetic field , microwave emission from the Earth , and upper limits to potential effects at the spacecraft spin period .
+1	The model is based on the assumption : during the fireball evolution , two-particle elastic and inelastic collisions give rise to the randomization of the nucleon-momentum transfer which is driven by a proper distribution .	We propose a model for isotropization and corresponding thermalization in a nucleon system created in the collision of two nuclei .	As a first approximation , we assume a homogeneous distribution where the values of the momentum transfer is bounded from above .	These features have been shown to result in a smearing of the particle momenta about their initial values and , as a consequence , in their partial isotropization and thermalization .	The nonequilibrium single-particle distribution function and single-particle spectrum which carry a memory about initial state of nuclei have been obtained .
+1	Recently the localization calculations in supersymmetric gauge theories produced new families of matrix models and we have very limited knowledge about these matrix models .	The Virasoro constraints play the important role in the study of matrix models and in understanding of the relation between matrix models and CFTs .	We concentrate on elliptic generalization of hermitian matrix model which corresponds to calculation of partition function on $ S^3 \times S^1 $ for vector multiplet .	We derive the $ q $ -Virasoro constraints for this matrix model .	We also observe some interesting algebraic properties of the $ q $ -Virasoro algebra .
+0	The secrecy capacity of a discrete memoryless Gaussian Wire-Tap Channel when the input is from a finite complex constellation is studied .	It is shown that the secrecy capacity curves of a finite constellation plotted against the SNR , for a fixed noise variance of the eavesdropper 's channel has a global maximum at an internal point .	This is in contrast to what is known in the case of Gaussian codebook input where the secrecy capacity curve is a bounded , monotonically increasing function of SNR .	Secrecy capacity curves for some well known constellations like BPSK , 4-QAM , 16-QAM and 8-PSK are plotted and the SNR at which the maximum occurs is found through simulation .	It is conjectured that the secrecy capacity curves for finite constellations have a single maximum .
+4	Within the framework of the thermodynamic formalism offered they are always associated with a suitable choice of a physical potential governing the system .	Matter agglomeration mesoscopic phenomena of irreversible type are well described by nonequilibrium thermodynamics formalism .	The description assumes that the thermodynamic ( internal ) state variables are in local equilibrium , and uses the well known flux-force relations , with the Onsager coefficients involved , ending eventually up at a local conservation law of Fokker-Planck type .	One of central problems arising when applying it to the matter agglomeration phenomena , quite generally termed nucleation-and-growth process , appears to be some physically accepted identification of entropic barriers , or factors impeding growth .	In this paper , we wish to propose certain geometric-kinetic obstacles as serious candidates for the so-called entropic barriers .
+1	Specifically , the stress response due to the application of a localised force perturbation - the Green function technique - is obtained in granular packings generated over several orders of magnitude in both the particle friction coefficient and the applied forcing .	The mechanical response of static , unconfined , overcompressed face centred cubic , granular arrays is studied using large-scale , discrete element method simulations .	We observe crossover behaviour in the mechanical state of the system characterised by the changing nature of the resulting stress response .	The transition between anisotropic and isotropic stress response exhibits critical-like features through the identification of a diverging length scale that distinguishes the spatial extent of anisotropic regions from those that display isotropic behaviour .	A multidimensional phase diagram is constructed that parameterises the response of the system due to changing friction and force perturbations .
+1	Avoiding biases in cosmological parameters due to the resulting inevitable contamination from non-Ia supernovae can be achieved with the BEAMS formalism , allowing for fully photometric supernova cosmology studies .	New supernova surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey , Pan-STARRS and the LSST will produce an unprecedented number of photometric supernova candidates , most with no spectroscopic data .	Here we extend BEAMS to deal with the case in which the supernovae are correlated by systematic uncertainties .	The analytical form of the full BEAMS posterior requires evaluating 2^N terms , where N is the number of supernova candidates .	This `exponential catastrophe ' is computationally unfeasible even for N of order 100 .
+4	Here , we show that extreme light scattering in porous materials can be used to realise miniature gas cells .	Spectroscopic gas sensing is both a commercial success and a rapidly advancing scientific field .	Throughout the years , massive efforts have been directed towards improving detection limits by achieving long interaction pathlengths .	Prominent examples include the use of conventional multipass gas cells , sophisticated high-finesse cavities , gas-filled holey fibers , integrating spheres , and diffusive reflectors .	Despite this rich flora of approaches , there is a continuous struggle to reduce size , gas volume , cost and alignment complexity .
+2	We also build an N=1 supergravity in 11+2 dimensions , coupled to supermembrane .	We construct supergravity theories in twelve and thirteen dimensions with the respective signatures ( 10,2 ) and ( 11,2 ) with some technical details .	Starting with N=1 supergravity in 10+2 dimensions coupled to Green-Schwarz superstring , we give N=2 chiral supergravity in 10+2 dimensions with its couplings to super ( 2+2 ) -brane .	All of these formulations utilize scalar ( super ) fields intact under supersymmetry , replacing the null-vectors introduced in their original formulations .	This method makes all the equations SO ( 10,2 ) or SO ( 11,2 ) Lorentz covariant , up to modified Lorentz generators .
+3	Only two schemes with two pairs of close masses separated by a gap of the order of 1 eV can accommodate the results of all experiments .	The mixing of three and four massive neutrinos is considered .	It is shown that the neutrino oscillation data are not compatible with a hierarchy of couplings in the three-neutrino case .	In the case of four neutrinos , a hierarchy of masses is not favored by the data .	If the existing indications in favor of neutrino oscillations will be confirmed , it will mean that the general features of neutrino mixing are quite different from those of quark mixing .
+1	We aim to associate various 24 $ \mu $ m selected galaxy populations with present day galaxies and to investigate the impact of their environment on the direction of their subsequent evolution .	We present a method of selection of 24~ $ \mu $ m galaxies from the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole ( NEP ) Deep Field down to $ 150 \mbox { } \mu $ Jy and measurements of their two-point correlation function .	We discuss using of Support Vector Machines ( SVM ) algorithm applied to infrared photometric data to perform star-galaxy separation , in which we achieve an accuracy higher than 80\ % .	The photometric redshift information , obtained through the CIGALE code , is used to explore the redshift dependence of the correlation function parameter ( $ r_ { 0 } $ ) as well as the linear bias evolution .	This parameter relates galaxy distribution to the one of the underlying dark matter .
+1	D\to\mu\nu_\mu leptonic width data compared with theoretical determinations of f_D , leads to the value of the CKM mixing angle : |V_cd|= 0.230 ( 10 ) _exp ( 9 ) _th .	We confront the recent improved measurements of the D_ { ( s ) } ( semi ) leptonic decays with lattice QCD ( LQCD ) with n_f=3 flavours and QCD spectral sum rules ( QSSR ) predictions .	Measured ratio of the D semi-leptonic widths combined with LQCD and QSSR predictions leads to the average |V_cd|/|V_cs|= 0.2175 ( 88 ) , and then to |V_cs|= 1.068 ( 47 ) .	We consider the previous determinations as improvements of the existing estimates .	Using the average data of the D_s\to \mu\nu_\mu ( resp .
+2	In fluid dynamics , the approach is based on general theory of integral invariants ( due to Poincare and Cartan ) .	In this mostly pedagogical tutorial article a brief introduction to modern geometrical treatment of fluid dynamics and electrodynamics is provided .	The main technical tool is standard theory of differential forms .	Since this stuff is still not considered common knowledge , the first chapter is devoted to an introductory and self-contained exposition of both Poincare version as well as Cartan 's extension of the theory .	The main emphasis in fluid dynamics part of the text is on explaining basic classical results on vorticity phenomenon ( vortex lines , vortex filaments etc . )
+3	We have developed a web-based interface for specifying the queries to interact with the retrieval system .	In this paper , we describe a framework for similarity based retrieval and clustering from a 3D human database .	Our technique is based on both body and head shape representation and the retrieval is based on similarity of both of them .	The 3D human database used in our study is the CAESAR anthropometric database which contains approximately 5000 bodies .	Our approach performs the similarity based retrieval in a reasonable amount of time and is a practical approach .
+2	These objects have been the subject of considerable studies at present primarily because of the spectacular eruption of V838 Mon - another member of this class - recently in 2002 .	We present optical observations of the enigmatic nova-like variable V4332 Sgr .	The importance of this object should not be understated since it is considered to be the possible prototype of a new class of eruptive variables .	The cause of the outburst in such objects is not well understood .	Our recent work has shown striking changes in the near-IR spectrum of V4332 Sgr since its 1994 outburst .
+1	We study some properties of this matter .	It has recently been suggested that at a reasonably large chemical potential a confining quarkyonic matter is formed that consists of the quark Fermi sea and confined hadrons on top of this Fermi sea .	It is demonstrated that below the chiral restoration point there are gapless excitations of this matter through excitations of the Goldstone bosons .	Above the chiral restoration point the single quarks are still removed from the spectrum of excitations and the only possible excitations are confined color-singlet hadrons with finite mass .	Hence there appears a gap in the excitation spectrum of the quarkyonic matter that should be crucially important for its properties above the chiral restoration point .
+1	We consider simulations with 2+1 staggered sea quarks and staggered or chiral valence quarks .	We provide the analytic predictions for the flavor non-singlet scalar correlator , which will enable determination of the scalar meson mass from the lattice scalar correlator .	At small u/d masses the correlator is dominated by the bubble contribution , which is the intermediate state with two pseudoscalar mesons .	We determine the bubble contribution within Staggered and Mixed Chiral Perturbation Theory .	Its effective mass is smaller than the mass M_pi+M_eta , which is the lightest intermediate state in proper 2+1 QCD .
+2	At charge neutrality , the zero-temperature limit of the dc conductivity is not universal and also depends on the residual scattering model employed .	Within a Kubo formalism , we study dc transport and ac optical properties of 3D Dirac and Weyl semimetals .	Emphasis is placed on the approach to charge neutrality and on the differences between Dirac and Weyl materials .	However , the Lorenz number L retains its usual value L_0 .	With increasing temperature , the Wiedemann-Franz law is violated .
+0	We study the effect of H I ionizing photons escaping from high-redshift ( high-z ) galaxies have on the He II ionizing ultraviolet background ( UVB ) radiation .	While these photons do not directly interact with He II ions , we show that they play an important role , through radiative transport , in modifying the shape of He II ionizing part of UVB spectrum .	Within the observed range of UV escape from galaxies , we show that the rapid increase in He II Lyman alpha effective optical depth at z~2.7 can naturally be explained by radiative transport effects .	Therefore , the relationship between a well measured He II Lyman alpha effective optical depth and the redshift in the post-He II reionization era can be used to place additional constraints on the redshift evolution of UV escape from high-z galaxies .	Our study also suggests that the escape fraction of H I ionizing photons from galaxies has an important role in the fluctuations of the He II ionizing UVB .
+1	The search has an estimated sensitivity for long period , low dispersion measure , low zenith angle , and high Galactic latitude pulsars of ~1 mJy , comparable to previous Arecibo searches .	We report the discovery of pulsars J0030+0451 , J0711+0931 , and J1313+0931 that were found in a search of 470 square degrees at 430 MHz using the 305m Arecibo telescope .	Spin and astrometric parameters for the three pulsars are presented along with polarimetry at 430 MHz .	PSR J0030+0451 , a nearby pulsar with a period of 4.8 ms , belongs to the less common category of isolated millisecond pulsars .	We have measured significant polarization in PSR J0030+0451 over more than 50 % of the period , and use these data for a detailed discussion of its magnetospheric geometry .
+1	Of the several possibilities for this bispectrum , the most commmon is the local-model bispectrum , which can be described as a spatial modulation of the small-scale ( large-wavenumber ) power spectrum by long-wavelength density fluctuations .	Many inflation models predict that primordial density perturbations have a nonzero three-point correlation function , or bispectrum in Fourier space .	While the local model predicts this spatial modulation to be scale-independent , many variants have some scale-dependence .	Here we note that this scale dependence can be probed with measurements of frequency-spectrum distortions in the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) , in particular highlighting Compton- $ y $ distortions .	Dissipation of primordial perturbations with wavenumbers $ 50\ , { \rm Mpc } ^ { -1 } \lesssim k \lesssim 10^4\ , { \rm Mpc } ^ { -1 } $ give rise to chemical-potential ( $ \mu $ ) distortions , while those with wavenumbers $ 1\ , { \rm Mpc } ^ { -1 } \lesssim k \lesssim 50\ , { \rm Mpc } ^ { -1 } $ give rise to Compton- $ y $ distortions .
+4	Our approach makes use of essentially two ingredients : the stability of the null solution of the viscoelastic fluids flow and the damping effect , on the difference between the extra-stress tensor and the tensor of rate of deformation , induced by the constitutive law of the fluid .	This paper is concerned with regular flows of incompressible weakly viscoelastic fluids which obey a differential constitutive law of Oldroyd type .	We study the newtonian limit for weakly viscoelastic fluid flows in $ \R^N $ or $ \T^N $ for $ N=2 , 3 $ , when the Weissenberg number ( relaxation time measuring the elasticity effect in the fluid ) tends to zero .	More precisely , we prove that the velocity field and the extra-stress tensor converge in their existence spaces ( we examine the Sobolev- $ H^s $ theory and the Besov- $ B^ { s,1 } _2 $ theory to reach the critical case $ s= N/2 $ ) to the corresponding newtonian quantities .	These convergence results are established in the case of `` ill-prepared '' ' data.We deduce , in the two-dimensional case , a new result concerning the global existence of weakly viscoelastic fluids flow .
+1	In this work , we investigate 14-195 keV spectra from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope ( BAT ) all-sky survey for evidence of non-thermal excess emission above the exponentially decreasing tail of thermal emission in the flux-limited HIFLUGCS sample .	The search for diffuse non-thermal , inverse Compton ( IC ) emission from galaxy clusters at hard X-ray energies has been underway for many years , with most detections being either of low significance or controversial .	To account for the thermal contribution at BAT energies , XMM-Newton EPIC spectra are extracted from coincident spatial regions so that both thermal and non-thermal spectral components can be determined simultaneously .	We find marginally significant IC components in six clusters , though after closer inspection and consideration of systematic errors we are unable to claim a clear detection in any of them .	The spectra of all clusters are also summed to enhance a cumulative non-thermal signal not quite detectable in individual clusters .
+2	In this connection the inverted neutrino mass ordering is slightly disfavored .	We find that the lepton flavor mixing matrix $ U $ should possess a partial $ \mu $ - $ \tau $ permutation symmetry $ |U^ { } _ { \mu 1 } | = |U^ { } _ { \tau 1 } | $ , and the latter predicts a novel correlation between the Dirac CP-violating phase $ \delta $ and three flavor mixing angles $ \theta^ { } _ { 12 } $ , $ \theta^ { } _ { 13 } $ and $ \theta^ { } _ { 23 } $ in the standard parametrization .	Inputting the best-fit values of these angles reported by Capozzi { \it et al } , we obtain the prediction $ \delta \simeq 255^\circ $ in the normal neutrino mass ordering , which is in good agreement with the best-fit result $ \delta \simeq 250^\circ $ .	If this partial $ \mu $ - $ \tau $ symmetry is specified to be $ |U^ { } _ { \mu 1 } | = |U^ { } _ { \tau 1 } | =1/\sqrt { 6 } ~ $ , one can reproduce the phenomenologically-favored relation $ \sin^2\theta^ { } _ { 12 } = \left ( 1 - 2\tan^2\theta^ { } _ { 13 } \right ) /3 $ and a viable two-parameter description of $ U $ which were first uncovered in 2006 .	Moreover , we point out that the octant of $ \theta^ { } _ { 23 } $ and the quadrant of $ \delta $ can be resolved thanks to the slight violation of $ |U^ { } _ { \mu 2 } | = |U^ { } _ { \tau 2 } | $ and $ |U^ { } _ { \mu 3 } | = |U^ { } _ { \tau 3 } | $ either at the tree level or from radiative corrections .
+0	The Landau -- Zener ( LZ ) type classical-trajectory surface-hopping algorithm is applied to the nonadiabatic nuclear dynamics of the ammonia cation after photoionization of the ground-state neutral molecule to the excited states of the cation .	The algorithm employs the recently proposed formula for nonadiabatic LZ transition probabilities derived from the adiabatic potential energy surfaces .	The evolution of the populations of the ground state and the two lowest excited adiabatic states is calculated up to 200 fs .	The results agree well with quantum simulations available for the first 100 fs based on the same potential energy surfaces .	Four different time scales are detected for the nuclear dynamics : Ultrafast Jahn -- Teller dynamics between the excited states on a 5 fs time scale ; fast transitions between the excited state and the ground state within a time scale of 20 fs ; relatively slow partial conversion of a first-excited-state population to the ground state within a time scale of 100 fs ; and nearly constant populations after roughly 120 fs due to a dynamical equilibrium between all three states .
+0	Zermelo 's Axiom of Separation is : Exist x : Forall y : ( y in x & lt ; == & gt ; y in a & amp ; E ( y ) ) with definite ( E ) and parameter a. Thoralf Skolem suggested to characterize the terminus `` definite '' by `` the property E should be representable by a FOL formula '' .	But that is trivial .	`` definite '' must mean more .	The author claims that `` definite '' means `` in accordance with the theory of definitions of logic '' .	In this case the theorem of Cantor is no longer a theorem , but a undecidable sentence , and has to be established explicitly as axiom .
+4	This paper presents a component-by-component view of Gemini , providing detailed relevant measurements of size , efficiency , and performance .	Gemini is a natural language understanding system developed for spoken language applications .	The paper describes the architecture of Gemini , paying particular attention to resolving the tension between robustness and overgeneration .	Gemini features a broad-coverage unification-based grammar of English , fully interleaved syntactic and semantic processing in an all-paths , bottom-up parser , and an utterance-level parser to find interpretations of sentences that might not be analyzable as complete sentences .	Gemini also includes novel components for recognizing and correcting grammatical disfluencies , and for doing parse preferences .
+1	In this article , we propose a covariance regression model that parameterizes the covariance matrix of a multivariate response vector as a parsimonious quadratic function of explanatory variables .	Classical regression analysis relates the expectation of a response variable to a linear combination of explanatory variables .	The approach is analogous to the mean regression model , and is similar to a factor analysis model in which the factor loadings depend on the explanatory variables .	Using a random-effects representation , parameter estimation for the model is straightforward using either an EM-algorithm or an MCMC approximation via Gibbs sampling .	The proposed methodology provides a simple but flexible representation of heteroscedasticity across the levels of an explanatory variable , improves estimation of the mean function and gives better calibrated prediction regions when compared to a homoscedastic model .
+0	We report the measurement of Lamda and Anti-Lamda yields and inverse slope parameters in d + Au collisions at sqrt ( s_NN ) = 200 GeV at forward and backward rapidities ( y = +- 2.75 ) , using data from the STAR forward time projection chambers .	The contributions of different processes to baryon transport and particle production are probed exploiting the inherent asymmetry of the d + Au system .	Comparisons to model calculations show that the baryon transport on the deuteron side is consistent with multiple collisions of the deuteron nucleons with gold participants .	On the gold side HIJING based models do not describe the measured particle yields while models with initial state nuclear effects and/or hadronic rescattering do .	The multichain model can provide a good description of the net baryon density in d + Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider , and the derived parameters of the model agree with those from nuclear collisions at lower energies .
+1	To any O_X-module M - not necessarily quasi-coherent - we assign the complex Hom^ { cont } _X ( C ( X ) , M ) of continuous Hochschild cochains with values in M. Our first main result is that when X is smooth over K there is a functorial isomorphism between the complex of continuous Hochschild cochains and RHom_ { X2 } ( O_X , M ) , in the derived category D ( Mod ( O_ { X2 } ) ) .	Let X be a separated finite type scheme over a noetherian base ring K. There is a complex C ( X ) of topological O_X-modules on X , called the complete Hochschild chain complex of X .	The second main result is that if X is smooth of relative dimension n and n !	is invertible in K , then the standard map from Hochschild chains to differential forms induces a decomposition of Hom^ { cont } _X ( C ( X ) , M ) in derived category D ( Mod ( O_X ) ) .	When M = O_X this is the precisely the quasi-isomorphism underlying the Kontsevich Formality Theorem .
+0	Exponential random graphs are used extensively in the sociology literature .	This model seeks to incorporate in random graphs the notion of reciprocity , that is , the larger than expected number of triangles and other small subgraphs .	Sampling from these distributions is crucial for parameter estimation hypothesis testing , and more generally for understanding basic features of the network model itself .	In practice sampling is typically carried out using Markov chain Monte Carlo , in particular either the Glauber dynamics or the Metropolis-Hasting procedure .	In this paper we characterize the high and low temperature regimes of the exponential random graph model .
+0	We include in statistical model calculations the facts that in the nuclear multifragmentation process the fragments are produced within a given volume and have a finite size .	The corrections associated with these constraints affect the partition modes and , as a consequence , other observables in the process .	In particular , we find that the favored fragmenting modes strongly suppress the collective flow energy , leading to much lower values compared to what is obtained from unconstrained calculations .	This leads , for a given total excitation energy , to a nontrivial correlation between the breakup temperature and the collective expansion velocity .	In particular we find that , under some conditions , the temperature of the fragmenting system may increase as a function of this expansion velocity , contrary to what it might be expected .
+1	Far less is known on correlation effects in two-dimensional $ \pi $ -conjugated systems .	Strong electron correlation effects in the photophysics of quasi-one-dimensional $ \pi $ -conjugated organic systems such as polyenes , polyacetylenes , polydiacetylenes , etc. , have been extensively studied .	Here we present theoretical and experimental evidence for moderate repulsive electron-electron interactions in a number of finite polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules with $ D_ { 6h } $ symmetry .	We show that the excited state orderings in these molecules are reversed relative to that expected within one-electron and mean-field theories .	Our results reflect similarities as well as differences in the role and magnitude of electron correlation effects in these two-dimensional molecules compared to those in polyenes .
+1	In this paper , we consider co-channel spectrum sharing between cellular systems and radars .	Future wireless communication systems are envisioned to share radio frequency ( RF ) spectrum , with other services such as radars , in order to meet the growing spectrum demands .	We address the problem of target detection by radars that are subject to shape its waveform in a way that it does not cause interference to cellular systems .	We consider a multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO ) radar and a MIMO cellular communication system with $ \mc K $ base stations ( BS ) .	We propose a spectrum sharing algorithm which steers radar nulls , by projecting radar waveform onto the null space of interference channel , towards a `selected ' BS , thus , protecting it from radar interference .
+0	We consider a scalar thick brane configuration arising in a 5D theory of gravity coupled to a self-interacting scalar field in a Riemannian manifold .	We start from known classical solutions of the corresponding field equations and elaborate on the physics of the transverse traceless modes of linear fluctuations of the classical background , which obey a Schroedinger-like equation .	We further consider two special cases in which this equation can be solved analytically for any massive mode with m^2 & gt ; 0 , in contrast with numerical approaches , allowing us to study in closed form the massive spectrum of Kaluza-Klein ( KK ) excitations and to compute the corrections to Newton 's law in the thin brane limit .	In the first case we consider a solution with a mass gap in the spectrum of KK fluctuations with two bound states - the massless 4D graviton free of tachyonic instabilities and a massive KK excitation - as well as a tower of continuous massive KK modes which obey a Legendre equation .	The mass gap is defined by the inverse of the brane thickness , allowing us to get rid of the potentially dangerous multiplicity of arbitrarily light KK modes .
+0	The existence of a worldwide indoor floorplans database can lead to significant growth in location-based applications , especially for indoor environments .	In this paper , we present CrowdInside : a crowdsourcing-based system for the automatic construction of buildings floorplans .	CrowdInside leverages the smart phones sensors that are ubiquitously available with humans who use a building to automatically and transparently construct accurate motion traces .	These accurate traces are generated based on a novel technique for reducing the errors in the inertial motion traces by using the points of interest in the indoor environment , such as elevators and stairs , for error resetting .	The collected traces are then processed to detect the overall floorplan shape as well as higher level semantics such as detecting rooms and corridors shapes along with a variety of points of interest in the environment .
+2	We show that the eavesdropper can make use of this property to obtain a remarkable part of the secret key by replacing some of the DI nonlocal boxes with local ones .	Recently there were many proposals on device-independent ( DI ) quantum key distribution protocol whose security is based on the violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality .	However , as a statistical law , a certain extent of fluctuation has to be allowed .	On the contrary , the same cheating strategy does not apply to the device-dependent ( DD ) version of the protocol .	Thus such kind of DI protocol is less secure than its DD counterpart .
+1	This helps them to identify promising students and also provides them an opportunity to pay attention to and improve those who would probably get lower grades .	An educational institution needs to have an approximate prior knowledge of enrolled students to predict their performance in future academics .	As a solution , we have developed a system which can predict the performance of students from their previous performances using concepts of data mining techniques under Classification .	We have analyzed the data set containing information about students , such as gender , marks scored in the board examinations of classes X and XII , marks and rank in entrance examinations and results in first year of the previous batch of students .	By applying the ID3 ( Iterative Dichotomiser 3 ) and C4.5 classification algorithms on this data , we have predicted the general and individual performance of freshly admitted students in future examinations .
+2	The study spreads throughout variable aspects including the effect of the structure parameters on the CP luminescence and radiation pattern and more specifically the influence of the absorption and emission properties of the active layer .	We present a theoretical study on the impact of an active optical layer on the emission properties of an ultrathin luminescent film .	While the study can be generalized to any material , we focus here on a simple layered medium composed of a conjugated polymers ( CPs ) thin film , a zinc oxide layer ( ZnO ) and a sapphire substrate .	Comparing between the passive and active layer cases , the obtained results show that an enhancement of the CP luminescence of more than 20 times can be obtained by using an optically active underlying layer .	The results can be explained in terms of photon recycling where the optically active layer acts as a photon reservoir and a secondary light source for the ultra thin film .
+2	As the in-plane magnetic field increases for a fixed number of junctions , dynamical phase transitions seem to occur between the $ \pi $ -phase-kink state , various incommensurate phase-kink states , and in-phase state .	In THz wave emission from intrinsic Josephson junctions in in-plane magnetic fields , emission intensity strongly depends on the surface impedance $ Z $ similarly to the case without external magnetic fields .	Cavity resonance modes are stabilized for $ Z \ge 3 $ , and the fundamental mode gives the strongest emission .	As $ Z $ varies , a crossover of the field profile of maximum intensity takes place for $ Z \approx 50 $ between characteristic peaks for smaller $ Z $ ( typically $ Z \approx 30 $ ) and monotonic decrease for larger $ Z $ ( typically $ Z \approx 70 $ ) .	The double-peak structure reported in experiments can be explained for Z=30 by finite-size analysis with respect to number of junctions .
+1	The anomalous negative magnetoresistance previously observed in insulating films disappears when Mn impurities are introduced to the films , restoring a rather clean Efros-Shklovskii type hopping behavior .	Electron transport and tunneling across the superconductor-insulator ( SI ) transition have been measured simultaneously for quench-condensed ultrathin amorphous beryllium films .	The combination of transport and tunneling data allows us to determine , independently and up to a constant on the order of unity , the localization length , \xi_ { L } , and the dielectric constant , \kappa , for the films .	As the normal-state sheet resistance of the films at 20 K is reduced with increasing film thickness , \xi_ { L } increases exponentially .	The SI transition occurs when \xi_ { L } crosses the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length , \xi_ { S } .
+0	In this work we demonstrate explicit analytical expressions for both charge and spin currents which constitute the 2x2 spinor in magnetic tunnel junctions with noncollinear magnetizations under applied voltage .	The calculations have been performed within the free electron model in the framework of the Keldysh formalism and WKB approximation .	We demonstrate that spin/charge currents and spin transfer torques are all explicitly expressed through only three irreducible quantities , without further approximations .	The conditions and mechanisms of deviation from the conventional sine angular dependence of both spin currents and torques are shown and discussed .	It is shown in the thick barrier approximation that all tunneling transport quantities can be expressed in an extremely simplified form via Slonczewski spin polarizations and our effective spin averaged interfacial transmission probabilities and effective out-of-plane polarizations at both interfaces .
+0	We show that a simple evolutionary scheme , when applied to the minority game ( MG ) , changes the phase structure of the game .	In this scheme each agent evolves individually whenever his wealth reaches the specified bankruptcy level , in contrast to the evolutionary schemes used in the previous works .	We show that evolution greatly suppresses herding behavior , and it leads to better overall performance of the agents .	Similar to the standard non-evolutionary MG , the dependence of the standard deviation $ \sigma $ on the number of agents $ N $ and the memory length $ m $ can be characterized by a universal curve .	We suggest a Crowd-Anticrowd theory for understanding the effect of evolution in the MG .
+4	The consequences are most severe for radiative feedback operating on large scales , dense clumps of gas , and media consisting of multiple chemical species .	The recent implementation of radiative transfer algorithms in numerous hydrodynamics codes has led to a dramatic improvement in studies of feedback in various astrophysical environments .	However , because of methodological limitations and computational expense , the spectra of radiation sources are generally sampled at only a few evenly-spaced discrete emission frequencies .	Using one-dimensional radiative transfer calculations , we investigate the discrepancies in gas properties surrounding model stars and accreting black holes that arise solely due to spectral discretization .	We find that even in the idealized case of a static and uniform density field , commonly used discretization schemes induce errors in the neutral fraction and temperature by factors of two to three on average , and by over an order of magnitude in certain column density regimes .
+4	TopicViz combines traditional search and citation-graph functionality with a range of novel interactive visualizations , centered around a force-directed layout that links documents to the latent themes discovered by the topic model .	When people explore and manage information , they think in terms of topics and themes .	However , the software that supports information exploration sees text at only the surface level .	In this paper we show how topic modeling -- a technique for identifying latent themes across large collections of documents -- can support semantic exploration .	We present TopicViz , an interactive environment for information exploration .
+3	The algorithm is evaluated using the quantitative measures of accuracy and precision of previous authors , using simulated images at variable signal-to-noise ratios .	We present a new particle tracking software algorithm designed to accurately track the motion of low-contrast particles against a background with large variations in light levels .	The method is based on a polynomial fit of the intensity around each feature point , weighted by a Gaussian function of the distance from the centre , and is especially suitable for tracking endogeneous particles in the cell , imaged with bright field , phase contrast or fluorescence optical microscopy .	Furthermore , the method can simultaneously track particles of all different sizes , and allows significant freedom in their shape .	To these we add a new test of the error due to a non-uniform background .
+0	We present the detection of the progenitor of the Type II SN 2011dh in archival pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope images .	Using post-explosion Adaptive Optics imaging with Gemini NIRI+ALTAIR , the position of the SN in the pre-explosion images was determined to within 23mas .	The progenitor object was found to be consistent with a F8 supergiant star ( log L/L_ { \odot } =4.92+/-0.20 and T_ { eff } =6000+/-280K ) .	Through comparison with stellar evolution tracks , this corresponds to a single star at the end of core C-burning with an initial mass of M_ { ZAMS } =13+/-3M_ { \odot } .	The possibility of the progenitor source being a cluster is rejected , on the basis of : 1 ) the source is not spatially extended ; 2 ) the absence of excess H\alpha\ , emission ; and 3 ) the poor fit to synthetic cluster SEDs .
+3	Here we present generalized thin flux tube equations for the dynamics of reconnected flux tubes , including pressure-driven parallel dynamics as well as temperature dependent , anisotropic viscosity and thermal conductivity .	We present a model for plasma heating produced by time-dependent , spatially localized reconnection within a flare current sheet separating skewed magnetic fields .	The reconnection creates flux tubes of new connectivity which subsequently retract at Alfv\'enic speeds from the reconnection site .	Heating occurs in gas-dynamic shocks which develop inside these tubes .	The evolution of tubes embedded in a uniform , skewed magnetic field , following reconnection in a patch , is studied through numerical solutions of these equations , for solar coronal conditions .
+0	Suppose that $ X $ is a simple random walk on $ \Z_n^d $ for $ d \geq 3 $ and , for each $ t $ , we let $ \U ( t ) $ consist of those $ x \in \Z_n^d $ which have not been visited by $ X $ by time $ t $ .	Let $ \tcov $ be the expected amount of time that it takes for $ X $ to visit every site of $ \Z_n^d $ .	We show that there exists $ 0 & lt ; \alpha_0 ( d ) \leq \alpha_1 ( d ) & lt ; 1 $ and a time $ t_* = \tcov ( 1+o ( 1 ) ) $ as $ n \to \infty $ such that the following is true .	For $ \alpha & gt ; \alpha_1 ( d ) $ ( resp.\ $ \alpha & lt ; \alpha_0 ( d ) $ ) , the total variation distance between the law of $ \U ( \alpha t_* ) $ and the law of i.i.d.\ Bernoulli random variables indexed by $ \Z_n^d $ with success probability~ $ n^ { -\alpha d } $ tends to~ $ 0 $ ( resp.\ $ 1 $ ) as $ n \to \infty $ .	Let $ \tau_\alpha $ be the first time $ t $ that $ |\U ( t ) | = n^ { d-\alpha d } $ .
+1	There is a growing consensus that these events likely stem from periastron passage of an ( as yet ) unseen companion in a highly eccentric ( $ \epsilon \sim 0.9 $ ) orbit .	The very massive star system $ \eta $ Carinae exhibits regular 5.54-year ( 2024-day ) period disruptive events in wavebands ranging from the radio to X-ray .	This paper presents three-dimensional ( 3-D ) Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics ( SPH ) simulations of the orbital variation of the binary wind-wind collision , and applies these to modeling the X-ray light curve observed by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) .	By providing a global 3-D model of the phase variation of the density of the interacting winds , the simulations allow computation of the associated variation in X-ray absorption , presumed here to originate from near the apex of the wind-wind interaction cone .	We find that the observed RXTE light curve can be readily fit if the observer 's line of sight is within this cone along the general direction of apastron .
+3	The viscous friction shows a similar drop after a slow initial decrease proportional to $ \Phi_s $ .	We have fabricated and characterized a novel superhydrophobic system , a mesh-like porous superhydrophobic membrane with solid area fraction $ \Phi_s $ , which can maintain intimate contact with outside air and water reservoirs simultaneously .	Oscillatory hydrodynamic measurements on porous superhydrophobic membranes as a function of $ \Phi_s $ reveal surprising effects .	The hydrodynamic mass oscillating in-phase with the membranes stays constant for $ 0.9\le\Phi_s\le1 $ , but drops precipitously for $ \Phi_s & lt ; 0.9 $ .	We attribute these effects to the percolation of a stable Knudsen layer of air at the interface .
+3	Second , we are interested in the corresponding Verdier quotient functors V_F , in particular we want do know under what conditions V_F is full .	An ( additive ) functor F from an additive category A to an additive category B is said to be objective , provided any morphism f in A with F ( f ) = 0 factors through an object K with F ( K ) = 0 .	In this paper we concentrate on triangle functors between triangulated categories .	The first aim of this paper is to characterize objective triangle functors F in several ways .	The third question to be considered concerns the possibility to factorize a given triangle functor F = F_2F_1 with F_1 a full and dense triangle functor and F_2 a faithful triangle functor .
+2	For Markov processes , the associated global persistence exponent theta_g = ( 2 lambda_C -d ) / ( 2z ) is related to the autocorrelation exponent lambda_C .	The persistence probability P_g ( t ) of the global order-parameter of a simple ferromagnet undergoing phase-ordering kinetics after a quench from a fully disordered state to below the critical temperature , T & lt ; T_c , is analysed .	It is argued that the persistence probability decays algebraically with time in the entire low-temperature phase .	This relationship is confirmed for phase-ordering in the exactly solved 1D Ising model and the d-dimensional spherical model .	For the 2D Glauber-Ising model , theta_g=0.063 ( 2 ) is found which indicates that the dynamics of the global order-parameter is described by a non-markovian process .
+1	We observe the decays of B^+- & gt ; eta pi^+ and B^+- & gt ; eta K^+ ; the measured branching fractions are Br ( B^+- & gt ; eta pi^+ ) = ( 4.8^ { +0.8 } _ { -0.7 } ( stat ) +- 0.3 ( sys ) ) * 10^-6 and Br ( B^+- & gt ; eta K^+ ) = ( 2.1 +- 0.6 ( stat ) +- 0.2 ( sys ) ) * 10^-6 .	We report measurements of $ B $ to pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar decays with at least one eta meson in the final state using 140 fb^ { -1 } of data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB e^+ e^- collider .	Their corresponding CP violating asymmetries are measured to be 0.07 +- 0.15 +- 0.03 for eta pi^+- and -0.49 +- 0.31 +- 0.07 for eta K^+- .	No significant signals are found for neutral B meson decays .	We report the following upper limits on branching fractions at the 90 % confidence level : Br ( B^0 - & gt ; eta K^0 ) & lt ; 2.0 * 10^-6 , Br ( B^0- & gt ; eta pi^0 ) & lt ; 2.5 * 10^-6 and Br ( B^0 - & gt ; eta eta ) & lt ; 2.0 * 10^-6 .
+0	We present an alternative Eulerian hydrodynamic model for the electromagnetic field in which the discrete vector indices in Maxwell\s equations are replaced by continuous angular freedoms , and develop the corresponding Lagrangian picture in which the fluid particles have rotational and translational freedoms .	This enables us to extend to the electromagnetic field the exact method of state construction proposed previously for spin 0 systems , in which the time-dependent wavefunction is computed from a single-valued continuum of deterministic trajectories where two spacetime points are linked by at most a single orbit .	The deduction of Maxwell\s equations from continuum mechanics is achieved by generalizing the spin 0 theory to a general Riemannian manifold from which the electromagnetic construction is extracted as a special case .	In particular , the flat-space Maxwell equations are represented as a curved-space Schr\ '' odinger equation for a massive system .	The Lorentz covariance of the Eulerian field theory is obtained from the non-covariant Lagrangian-coordinate model as a kind of collective effect .
+0	We analyze the security of the authentication code against pollution attacks in network coding given by Oggier and Fathi and show one way to remove one very strong condition they required .	Actually , we find a way to attack their authentication scheme .	In their scheme , they considered that if some malicious nodes in the network collude to make pollution in the network flow or make substitution attacks to other nodes , they thought these malicious nodes must solve a system of linear equations to recover the secret parameters .	Then they concluded that their scheme is an unconditional secure scheme .	Actually , note that the authentication tag in the scheme of Oggier and Fathi is nearly linear on the messages , so it is very easy for any malicious node to make pollution attack in the network flow , replacing the vector of any incoming edge by linear combination of his incoming vectors whose coefficients have sum 1 .
+3	We use modular forms to prove for a number of small degrees that the Kodaira dimension of the moduli space of numerically polarized Enriques surfaces is negative .	In this paper we consider moduli spaces of polarized and numerically polarized Enriques surfaces .	The moduli spaces of numerically polarized Enriques surfaces can be described as open subsets of orthogonal modular varieties of dimension 10 .	One of the consequences of our description is that there are only finitely many isomorphism classes of moduli spaces of polarized and numerically polarized Enriques surfaces .	Finally we prove that there are infinitely many polarizatons for which the moduli space of numerically polarized Enriques surfaces is birational to the moduli space of unpolarized Enriques surfaces with a level 2 structure .
+1	This method makes it possible to generate wavelet matrix coefficients and also to specify them by their first row .	Factorization of compact wavelet matrices into primitive ones has been known for more than 20 years .	Recently , a new parametrization of compact wavelet matrices of the same order and degree has been introduced by the last author .	This method also enables us to fulfill the above mentioned tasks of matrix constructions .	In the present paper , we briefly describe the corresponding algorithms based on two different methods , and numerically compare their performance
+1	Fix a Hermitian metric in L whose curvature defines a K\ '' ahler metric on X .	Let L be an ample bundle over a compact complex manifold X .	The Hessian of Mabuchi energy is a fourth-order elliptic operator D on functions which arises in the study of scalar curvature .	We quantise D by the Hessian E ( k ) of balancing energy , a function appearing in the study of balanced embeddings .	E ( k ) is defined on the space of Hermitian endomorphisms of H^0 ( X , L^k ) , endowed with the L^2-innerproduct .
+3	We find here , in complete generality , a proper mean entropy proportional to log\mu_A with a first order correction defined by means of the relative entropy associated with canonical states .	We consider an intrinsic entropy associated with a local conformal net A by the coefficients in the expansion of the logarithm of the trace of the `` heat kernel '' semigroup .	In analogy with Weyl theorem on the asymptotic density distribution of the Laplacian eigenvalues , passing to a quantum system with infinitely many degrees of freedom , we regard these coefficients as noncommutative geometric invariants .	Under a natural modularity assumption , the leading term of the entropy ( noncommutative area ) is proportional to the central charge c , the first order correction ( noncommutative Euler characteristic ) is proportional to log\mu_A , where \mu_A is the global index of A , and the second spectral invariant is again proportional to c. We give a further general method to define a mean entropy by considering conformal symmetries that preserve a discretization of S^1 and we get the same value proportional to c. We then make the corresponding analysis with the proper Hamiltonian associated to an interval .	By considering a class of black holes with an associated conformal quantum field theory on the horizon , and relying on arguments in the literature , we indicate a possible way to link the noncommutative area with the Bekenstein-Hawking classical area description of entropy .
+2	It is illustrated by a model example of a solid with vacancies , for which there is a complete statistical ground .	Alternative approach for description of the non-equilibrium phenomena arising in solids at a severe external loading is analyzed .	The approach is based on the new form of kinetic equations in terms of the internal and modified free energy .	The approach is applied to the description of important practical problem - the formation of fine-grained structure of metals during their treatment by methods of severe plastic deformation .	In the framework of two-level two-mode effective internal energy potential model the strengthening curves unified for the whole of deformation range and containing the Hall-Petch and linear strengthening sections are calculated .
+0	We show that the star-forming regions in high-redshift luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies ( LIRGs and ULIRGs ) and submillimeter galaxies ( SMGs ) have similar physical scales to those in local normal star-forming galaxies .	To first order , their higher infrared ( IR ) luminosities result from higher luminosity surface density .	We also find a good correlation between the IR luminosity and IR luminosity surface density in starburst galaxies across over five orders of magnitude of IR luminosity from local normal galaxies to z ~ 2 SMGs .	The intensely star-forming regions of local ULIRGs are significantly smaller than those in their high-redshift counterparts and hence diverge significantly from this correlation , indicating that the ULIRGs found locally are a different population from the high-redshift ULIRGs and SMGs .	Based on this relationship , we suggest that luminosity surface density should serve as a more accurate indicator for the IR emitting environment , and hence the observable properties , of star-forming galaxies than their IR luminosity .
+1	The synthesized material has been hot isostatically pressed under pressure of 0.45 GPa of 5N purity argon with the use of the high gas pressure trap system ( HGPTS ) .	The FeSe samples in the form of polycrystals , single crystals and thin films have been prepared and characterized .	Thin films have been fabricated by the mixed procedures with the use of DC sputtering from various types of targets and processed employing the HGPTS .	The used HGPTS assures a full separation of the active volume for synthesis or crystal growth of material and the inert gas medium .	The obtained FeSe0.88 samples have Tc between 8 and 12 K. The samples have been characterized by SEM , EDX , XRD , magnetic susceptibility and resistivity measurements .
+0	We investigate the linear stability properties of the plane interface separating two relativistic magnetized flows in relative motion .	The two flows are governed by the ( special ) relativistic equations for a magnetized perfect gas in the infinite conductivity approximation .	By adopting the vortex-sheet approximation , the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics equations are linearized around the equilibrium state and the corresponding dispersion relation is derived and discussed .	The behavior of the configuration and the regimes of instability are investigated following the effects of four physical parameters , namely : the flow velocity , the relativistic and Alfv\'enic Mach numbers and the inclination of the wave vector on the plane of the interface .	From the numerical solution of the dispersion relation , we find in general two separate regions of instability , associated respectively with the slow and fast magnetosonic modes .
+0	A list assignment of a graph $ G $ is a function $ L $ that assigns a list $ L ( v ) $ of colors to each vertex $ v\in V ( G ) $ .	An $ ( L , d ) ^* $ -coloring is a mapping $ \pi $ that assigns a color $ \pi ( v ) \in L ( v ) $ to each vertex $ v\in V ( G ) $ so that at most $ d $ neighbors of $ v $ receive color $ \pi ( v ) $ .	A graph $ G $ is said to be $ ( k , d ) ^* $ -choosable if it admits an $ ( L , d ) ^* $ -coloring for every list assignment $ L $ with $ |L ( v ) |\ge k $ for all $ v\in V ( G ) $ .	In 2001 , Lih et al .	\cite { LSWZ-01 } proved that planar graphs without 4- and $ l $ -cycles are $ ( 3,1 ) ^* $ -choosable , where $ l\in \ { 5,6,7\ } $ .
+0	Interlayer coupling in rotationally faulted graphene multilayers breaks the local sublattice-symmetry of the individual layers .	Earlier we have presented a theory of this mechanism , which reduces to an effective Dirac model with space-dependent mass in an important limit .	It thus makes a wealth of existing knowledge available for the study of rotationally faulted graphene multilayers .	Agreement of this theory with a recent experiment in a strong magnetic field was demonstrated .	Here we explore some of the predictions of this theory for the system in zero magnetic field at large interlayer bias , when it becomes local in space .
+2	Finite-size scaling shows that the peak value grows with electron number and diverges in the thermodynamic limit , which suggests an instability toward a charge density wave .	We report on numerical study of the Dirac fermions in partially filled N=3 Landau level ( LL ) in graphene .	At half-filling , the equal-time density-density correlation function displays sharp peaks at nonzero wavevectors $ \pm { \bf q^ { * } } $ .	A symmetry broken stripe phase is formed at large system size limit , which is robust against purturbation from disorder scattering .	Such a quantum phase is experimentally observable through transport measurements .
+2	We perform extensive computations of adiabatic g-mode pulsation periods on PG1159 evolutionary models with stellar masses ranging from 0.530 to 0.741 Msun .	We present an asteroseismological study on PG 0122+200 , the coolest known pulsating PG1159 ( GW Vir ) star .	Our results are based on an augmented set of the full PG1159 evolutionary models recently presented by Miller Bertolami & amp ; Althaus ( 2006 ) .	We derive a stellar mass of 0.626 Msun from a comparison between the observed period spacing and the computed asymptotic period spacing , and a stellar mass of 0.567 Msun by comparing the observed period spacing with the average of the computed period spacing .	We also find , on the basis of a period-fit procedure , an asteroseismological model representative of PG 0122+200 which is able to reproduce the observed period pattern with an average of the period differences of 0.88 s. The model has an effective temperature of 81500 K , a stellar mass of 0.556 Msun , a surface gravity log g= 7.65 , a stellar luminosity and radius of log ( L/Lsun ) = 1.14 and log ( R/Rsun ) = -1.73 , respectively , and a He-rich envelope thickness of Menv= 0.019 Msun .
+2	The present analysis of the pseudoscalar meson commensurates with the previous analysis of the vector meson two-point function and fortifies our observation that the light-front quark model with effective degrees of freedom represented by the constituent quark and antiquark may provide the view of effective zero-mode cloud around the quark and antiquark inside the meson .	We discuss the link between the chiral symmetry of QCD and the numerical results of the light-front quark model ( LFQM ) , analyzing both the two-point and three-point functions of a pseudoscalar meson from the perspective of the vacuum fluctuation consistent with the chiral symmetry of QCD .	The two-point and three-point functions are exemplified in this work by the twist-2 and twist-3 distribution amplitudes of a pseudoscalar meson and the pion elastic form factor , respectively .	Consequently , the constituents dressed by the zero-mode cloud may be expected to satisfy the chiral symmetry of QCD .	Our results appear consistent with this expectation and effectively indicate that the constituent quark and antiquark in the LFQM may be considered as the dressed constituents including the zero-mode quantum fluctuations from the vacuum .
+0	The acquisition of a single Silicon Photomultiplier require multiple and expensive electronics modules as : preamplifier , discriminator , bias voltage power supply , temperature monitor , Scalers , Analog to Digital Converter and Time to Digital Converter .	The developed ArduSiPM is a compact cost effective and easily replicable Hardware software module for SiPM detector readout .	The ArduSiPM uses an Arduino DUE ( an open Software/Hardware board based on an ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller ) as processor board and a piggyback custom designed board ( Shield ) , these are controlled by custom developed software and interface .	The Shield contains different electronics features both to monitor , to set and to acquire the SiPM signals using the microcontroller board .	The shield embed a controlled bias voltage power supply , a fast voltage preamplifier , a programmable fast discriminator to generate over threshold digital pulse , a peak hold to measure the pulse height , a temperature monitor system , a scaler to monitor over threshold rate and arrival time of the pulses .
+0	The separated radial part of a sourceless massive complex scalar field equation on the Kerr-Newman black hole background is shown to be a generalized spin-weighted spheroidal wave equation of imaginary number order .	While the separated angular part is an ordinary spheroidal wave equation .	General exact solutions in integral forms and in power series expansion as well as several special solutions with physical interest are given for the radial equation in the non-extreme case .	In the extreme case , power series solution to the radial equation is briefly studied .	Recurrence relations between coefficients in power series expansion of general solutions and connection between the radial equation are discussed in both cases .
+0	The main objective of this paper is to design electric vehicle ( EV ) charging policies which minimize the impact of charging on the electricity distribution network ( DN ) .	More precisely , the considered cost function results from a linear combination of two parts : a cost with memory and a memoryless cost .	In this paper , the first component is identified to be the transformer ageing while the second one corresponds to distribution Joule losses .	First , we formulate the problem as a non-trivial discrete-time optimal control problem with finite time horizon .	It is non-trivial because of the presence of saturation constraints and a non-quadratic cost .
+0	Now a days Many car manufacturers are planning to install wireless connectivity equipment in their vehicles to enable communications with `` roadside base station '' and also between vehicles , for the purposes of safety , driving assistance , and entertainment .	One distinct feature is that vehicles are highly mobile , with speed up to 30 m/s , though their mobility patterns are more predictable than those of nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks ( MANET ) due to the constraints imposed by road , speed limits , and commuting habits .	Therefore , these networks require specific solutions and identify a novel research area , i.e. , Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks ( VANET ) .	In this paper , we focus on a particular VSN architecture , where the ad hoc network is operated by a telecommunication/service provider to combine non-valuable individual sensed data and extract from them effective feedbacks about the situation of the road in a geographical area .	In operated VSNs , providers tend to reduce the traffic load on their network , using the free-frequency communication medium ( IEEE 802.11p , for example ) .
+1	We also show that , just like the case of topologically massive gauge theories , translational groups act as generators of gauge transformations in gauge theories obtained by extending massive gauge noninvariant theories by a Stuckelberg mechanism .	We examine the gauge generating nature of the translational subgroup of Wigner 's little group for the case of massless tensor gauge theories and show that the gauge transformations generated by the translational group is only a subset of the complete set of gauge transformations .	The representations of the translational groups that generate gauge transformations in such Stuckelberg extended theories can be obtained by the method of dimensional descent .	We illustrate these with the examples of Stuckelberg extended first class versions of Proca , Einstein-Pauli-Fierz and massive Kalb-Ramond theories in 3+1 dimensions .	A detailed analysis of the partial gauge generation in massive and massless 2nd rank symmetric gauge theories is provided .
+1	The main conceptual development builds firmly on the notion of a private state [ Horodecki et al. , PRL 94 , 160502 ( 2005 ) ] , which is a powerful , uniquely quantum method for simplifying the tripartite picture of privacy involving local operations and public classical communication to a bipartite picture of quantum privacy involving local operations and classical communication .	This paper establishes several converse bounds on the private transmission capabilities of a quantum channel .	This approach has previously led to some of the strongest upper bounds on secret key rates , including the squashed entanglement and the relative entropy of entanglement .	Here we use this approach along with a `` privacy test '' to establish a general meta-converse bound for private communication , which has a number of applications .	The meta-converse allows for proving that any quantum channel 's relative entropy of entanglement is a strong converse rate for private communication .
+3	The other method uses a neural network based on global event shape parameters .	We have measured the probability , n ( g- & gt ; cc~ ) , of a gluon splitting into a charm-quark pair using 1.7 million hadronic Z decays collected by the L3 detector .	Two independent methods have been applied to events with a three-jet topology .	One method relies on tagging charmed hadrons by identifying a lepton in the lowest energy jet .	Combining both methods , we measure n ( g- & gt ; cc~ ) = [ 2.45 +/- 0.29 +/- 0.53 ] % .
+1	Considering a new source function $ \nu ( r ) $ we find out a set of solutions which is physically well behaved and represent compact stellar models .	In the present paper we develop an algorithm for all spherically symmetric anisotropic charged fluid distribution .	A detailed study specifically shows that the models actually correspond to strange stars in terms of their mass and radius .	In this connection we investigate about several physical properties like energy conditions , stability , mass-radius ratio , electric charge content , anisotropic nature and surface redshift through graphical plots and mathematical calculations .	All the features from these studies are in excellent agreement with the already available evidences in theory as well as observations .
+1	In this work we report on the use of the scintillation light emitted by the avalanches in GEM channels for checking defects in the foils .	Non destructive quality control of microstructures at the manufacturing stage is an important issue in the foreseen use of huge numbers of such gaseous detectors in the future high luminosity colliders .	The test system is described and data on the relative efficiency of several gaseous mixtures are presented .	The foil images obtained with a low-noise CCD system are analysed and compared with the optical images obtained with an industrial inspection system of high magnification .	The validity of this test method is established and possible extensions of its use are discussed .
+4	This implies that a proper framework for the theories in question is given by gravity on a non-commutative spacetime with a q-deformation of field oscillators .	The exclusion principle of Maldacena and Strominger is seen to follow from deformed Heisenberg algebras associated with the chiral rings of S_N orbifold CFTs .	These deformed algebras are related to quantum groups at roots of unity , and are interpreted as algebras of space-time field creation and annihilation operators .	We also propose , as space-time origin of the stringy exclusion principle , that the $ ADS_3 \times S^3 $ space-time of the associated six-dimensional supergravity theory acquires , when quantum effects are taken into account , a non-commutative structure given by $ SU_q ( 1,1 ) \times SU_q ( 2 ) $ .	Both remarks imply that finite N effects are captured by quantum groups $ SL_q ( 2 ) $ with $ q= e^ { { i \pi \over { N + 1 } } } $ .
+2	By using the Gaussian free-energy functional and assuming the preferential attraction to be sufficiently weak , the present author recently pointed out theoretically that the ambient near-criticality tends to suppress the mean square amplitude ; the generated restoring force has the wavenumber-squared dependence and becomes larger with the correlation length far from the membrane .	The shape fluctuation of an almost planar fluid membrane immersed in a near-critical binary fluid mixture is considered within the linear approximation with respect to its amplitude .	It is usual that one component is preferably attracted by the membrane , which generates the additional stress including the osmotic pressure .	In this paper , we first calculate this equal-time correlation in the Gaussian model beyond the regime of the weak preferential attraction .	The result shows that the suppression effect continues although the numerical factor of the restoring force is effectively reduced to about half .
+4	Optical and NIR color-magnitude diagrams indicate that the brightness decline is caused by growing extinction .	We monitored the recent FUor 2MASS J06593158-0405277 ( V960 Mon ) since November 2009 at various observatories and multiple wavelengths .	After the outburst by nearly 2.9 mag in $ r $ around September 2014 the brightness gently fades until April 2015 by nearly 1 mag in $ U $ and 0.5 mag in $ z $ .	Thereafter the brightness at $ \lambda & gt ; 5000 \AA $ was constant until June 2015 while the shortest wavelengths ( $ U , B $ ) indicate a new rise , similar to that seen for the FUor V2493 Cyg ( HBC722 ) .	Our near-infrared ( NIR ) monitoring between December 2014 and April 2015 shows a smaller outburst amplitude ( $ \sim $ 2 mag ) and a smaller ( 0.2 $ - $ 0.3 mag ) post-outburst brightness decline .
+3	In this paper , the analysis of the trade-offs between rate , distortion and cost associated with the control actions is extended from the previously studied point-to-point set-up to two basic multiterminal models .	Source coding with a side information `` vending machine '' is a recently proposed framework in which the statistical relationship between the side information and the source , instead of being given and fixed as in the classical Wyner-Ziv problem , can be controlled by the decoder .	This control action is selected by the decoder based on the message encoded by the source node .	Unlike conventional settings , the message can thus carry not only information about the source to be reproduced at the decoder , but also control information aimed at improving the quality of the side information .	First , a distributed source coding model is studied , in which two encoders communicate over rate-limited links to a decoder , whose side information can be controlled .
+2	For freezing one requires Nf & lt ; 9 .	We consider a Borel sum definition of all-orders perturbation theory for Minkowskian QCD observables such as the R ( e+e- ) ratio , and show that both this perturbative component and the additional non-perturbative Operator Product Expansion ( OPE ) component can remain separately well-defined for all values of energy sqrt ( s ) , with the perturbative component dominating as s -- & gt ; infinity , and with both components contributing as s -- & gt ; 0 .	In the infrared s -- & gt ; 0 limit the perturbative correction to the parton model result for R ( e+e- ) has an all-orders perturbation theory component which smoothly freezes to the value R ( 0 ) =2/b , where b= ( 33-2Nf ) /6 is the first QCD beta-function coefficient with Nf flavours of massless quarks .	The freezing behaviour is manifested by the `` contour-improved '' or `` Analytic Perturbation Theory '' ( APT ) , in which an infinite subset of analytical continuation terms are resummed to all-orders .	We show that for the Euclidean Adler-D function , D ( Q^2 ) , the perturbative component remains defined into the infrared provided that ALL the renormalon singularities care taken into account , but no analogue of the APT reorganisation of perturbation theory is possible .
+1	Q-balls and boson stars carry a non-vanishing Noether charge and arise as solutions of complex scalar field models in a flat space-time background and coupled minimally to gravity , respectively .	We study angularly excited as well as interacting non-topological solitons , so-called Q-balls and their gravitating counterparts , so-called boson stars in 3+1 dimensions .	We present examples of interacting Q-balls that arise due to angular excitations , which are closely related to the spherical harmonics .	We also construct explicit examples of rotating boson stars that interact with non-rotating boson stars .	We observe that rotating boson stars tend to absorb the non-rotating ones for increasing , but reasonably small gravitational coupling .
+1	Among the most outstanding is that of the young , active planet host star CoRoT-2A .	The CoRoT space telescope observed nearly 160 000 light curves .	In addition to deep planetary transits , the light curve of CoRoT-2A shows strong rotational variability and a superimposed beating pattern .	To study the stars that produce such an intriguing pattern of photometric variability , we identified a sample of eight stars with rotation periods between 0.8 and 11 days and photometric variability amplitudes of up to 7.5 % , showing a similar CoRoT light curve .	We also obtained high-resolution follow-up spectroscopy with TNG/SARG and carried out a spectral analysis with SME and MOOG .
+3	The quark loop integrals for the neutron ( n ) - proton ( p ) mass difference receive contributions from : i ) the strong SU ( 2 ) effect arising from the d-u mass difference ( 4 MeV ) ; ii ) the e.m. effect of the respective quark charges .	A qqq BSE formalism based on DB { \chi } S of an input 4-fermion Lagrangian of `current ' u , d quarks interacting pairwise via gluon-exchange-propagator in its { \it non-perturbative } regime , is employed for the calculation of baryon self-energy via quark-loop integrals .	To that end the baryon-qqq vertex function is derived under Covariant Instantaneity Ansatz ( CIA ) , using Green 's function techniques .	This is a 3-body extension of an earlier q { \bar q } ( 2-body ) result on the exact 3D-4D interconnection for the respective BS wave functions under 3D kernel support , precalibrated to both q { \bar q } and qqq spectra plus other observables .	The resultant n-p difference comes dominantly from d-u effect ( +1.71 Mev ) , which is mildly offset by e.m.effect ( -0.44 ) , subject to gauge corrections .
+4	In all cases the hierarchies also contain variants of vector sine-Gordon equations arising from the kernel of the respective recursion operators .	Moving frames of various kinds are used to derive bi-Hamiltonian operators and associated hierarchies of multi-component soliton equations from group-invariant flows of non-stretching curves in constant curvature manifolds and Lie group manifolds .	The hierarchy in the constant-curvature case consists of a vector mKdV equation coming from a parallel frame , a vector potential mKdV equation coming from a covariantly-constant frame , and higher order counterparts generated by an underlying vector mKdV recursion operator .	In the Lie-group case the hierarchy comprises a group-invariant analog of the vector NLS equation coming from a left-invariant frame , along with higher order counterparts generated by a recursion operator that is like a square-root of the mKdV one .	The corresponding respective curve flows are found to be given by geometric nonlinear PDEs , specifically mKdV and group-invariant analogs of Schrodinger maps .
+1	The interaction between the alpha particle and the daughter nucleus has been formed in the double folding approach using a density dependent NN interaction .	Lifetime values for alpha decay in even-even nuclei with $ Z=84-98 $ and $ N=128-152 $ have been calculated in the superasymmetric fission model .	The densities have been obtained using the Relativistic Mean Field formalism .	The spectroscopic factors for the decays have been deduced and are shown to vary smoothly as a function of effective numbers of valence nucleons , $ N_p $ and $ N_n $ chosen with a suitable core .	The implication of such a smooth behaviour has been discussed .
+1	With this , we calculate explicitly the interaction amplitude between two such non-threshold bound states with a separation $ Y $ when each of the states is characterized by a pair of integers ( $ m_i , n_i $ ) with $ i = 1 , 2 $ .	A general non-threshold BPS ( F , D $ _p $ ) ( or ( D $ _ { p - 2 } $ , D $ _p $ ) ) bound state can be described by a boundary state with a quantized world-volume electric ( or magnetic ) flux and is characterized by a pair of integers $ ( m , n ) $ .	With this result , one can show that the non-degenerate ( i.e. , $ m_i n_i \neq 0 $ ) interaction is in general attractive for the case of ( D $ _ { p - 2 } $ , D $ _p $ ) but this is true and for certain only at large separation for the case of ( F , D $ _p $ ) .	In either case , this interaction vanishes only if $ m_1/ n_1 = m_2/ n_2 $ and $ n_1 n_2 & gt ; 0 $ .	We also study the analytic structure of the corresponding amplitude and calculate in particular the rate of pair production of open strings in the case of ( F , D $ _p $ ) .
+1	A GPU-accelerated direct boundary integral equation ( DBIE ) method is implemented .	A 3-D coronal magnetic field is reconstructed for NOAA 11158 on Feb 14 , 2011 .	This is about 1000 times faster than the original DBIE used on solar NLFFF modeling .	Using the SDO/HMI vector magnetogram as the bottom boundary condition , the reconstructed magnetic field lines are compared with the projected EUV loop structures from different views three-dimensionally by SDO/AIA and STEREO A/B spacecraft simultaneously for the first time .	They show very good agreement so that the topological configurations of the magnetic fields can be analyzed , thus its role in the flare process of the active region can be better understood .
+2	In logistic regression algorithm , it is assumed that samples are independent and each sample is assigned a probability .	This paper describes how to convert a machine learning problem into a series of map-reduce tasks .	We study logistic regression algorithm .	Parameters are obtained by maxmizing the product of all sample probabilities .	Rapid expansion of training samples brings challenges to machine learning method .
+0	The dynamics of quantum systems usually strongly depends on the local structure of the Hamiltonian .	For short-range interacting systems , the well-known Lieb-Robinson bound defines the effective light cone with an exponentially small error with respect to the spatial distance , whereas we can obtain only polynomial bound for long-range interacting systems .	In this letter , we derive a qualitatively new bound for quantum dynamics by considering a number of spin which can couple with each other after time evolution .	Our bound is exponentially strong with respect to the number of coupling and valid for large class of Hamiltonians including long-range interacting systems .	To demonstrate the potential of our approach in quantum many-body systems , we apply our bound to prove several fundamental properties which can not be derived from the Lieb-Robinson bound .
+1	tachyon condensate ) as matter .	Cosmology in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity is investigated using a scalar Born-Infeld field ( eg .	In this way , both in the gravity and matter sectors we have Born-Infeld-like structures characterised by their actions and via two separate constants , $ \kappa $ and $ \alpha_T^2 $ respectively .	With a particular choice of the form of $ \dot { \phi } $ ( time derivative of the Born-Infeld scalar ) , analytical cosmological solutions are found .	Thereafter , we explore some of the unique features of the corresponding cosmological spacetimes .
+4	Phong shading , flattering out the dull surfaces of the image The features are extracted using color , texture & amp ; edge density methods .	The digital image data is rapidly expanding in quantity and heterogeneity .	The traditional information retrieval techniques does not meet the user 's demand , so there is need to develop an efficient system for content based image retrieval .	Content based image retrieval means retrieval of images from database on the basis of visual features of image like as color , texture etc .	In our proposed method feature are extracted after applying Phong shading on input image .
+2	We found that most of the economic , trade , energy consumption , communication related properties have significant super-linear ( the exponent is larger than 1 ) or nearly linear allometric scaling relations with GDP .	As huge complex systems consisting of geographic regions , natural resources , people and economic entities , countries follow the allometric scaling law which is ubiquitous in ecological , urban systems .	We systematically investigated the allometric scaling relationships between a large number of macroscopic properties and geographic ( area ) , demographic ( population ) and economic ( GDP , gross domestic production ) sizes of countries respectively .	Meanwhile , the geographic ( arable area , natural resources , etc .	) , demographic ( labor force , military age population , etc . )
+4	Furthermore we use our approach to show that symmetric and modular structures are favoured in biological self-assembly , for example of protein complexes .	We present a quantitative measure of physical complexity , based on the amount of information required to build a given physical structure through self-assembly .	Our procedure can be adapted to any given geometry , and thus to any given type of physical system .	We illustrate our approach using self-assembling polyominoes , and demonstrate the breadth of its potential applications by quantifying the physical complexity of molecules and protein complexes .	This measure is particularly well suited for the detection of symmetry and modularity in the underlying structure , and allows for a quantitative definition of structural modularity .
+1	Internal dissipation below a photosphere can create a radiation-dominated thermal fireball .	We propose an emission mechanism of prompt gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) that can reproduce the observed non-thermal spectra with high radiative efficiencies , & gt ; 50 % .	If electron-positron pairs outnumber protons , radiative acceleration of pairs drives the two-stream instabilities between pairs and protons , leading to the `` proton sedimentation '' in the accelerating pair frame .	Pairs are continuously shock heated by proton clumps , scattering the thermal photons into the broken power-law shape , with the non-thermal energy that is comparable to the proton kinetic energy , consistent with observations .	Pair photospheres become unstable around the radius of the progenitor star where strong thermalization occurs , if parameters satisfy the observed spectral ( Yonetoku ) relation .
+2	We have developed a highly optimized algorithm for performing the O ( N^2 ) force calculations that constitute the major part of stellar and molecular dynamics simulations .	Commercial graphics processors ( GPUs ) have high compute capacity at very low cost , which makes them attractive for general purpose scientific computing .	In this paper we show how graphics processors can be used for N-body simulations to obtain improvements in performance over current generation CPUs .	In some of the calculations , we achieve sustained performance of nearly 100 GFlops on an ATI X1900XTX .	The performance on GPUs is comparable to specialized processors such as GRAPE-6A and MDGRAPE-3 , but at a fraction of the cost .
+4	We also analyze the intrinsic energy correlation for the GRBs with measured redshifts and well defined peak energies .	We perform a statistical analysis of the temporal and spectral properties of the latest Fermi gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) to revisit the classification of GRBs .	We find that the bimodalities of duration and the energy ratio ( $ E_ { \mathrm { peak } } $ /Fluence ) and the anti-correlation between spectral hardness ( hardness ratio ( $ HR $ ) , peak energy and spectral index ) and duration ( $ T_ { 90 } $ ) support the long/soft $ - $ short/hard classification scheme for Fermi GRBs .	The $ HR - T_ { 90 } $ anti-correlation strongly depends upon the spectral shape of GRBs and energy bands , and the bursts with the curved spectra in the typical BATSE energy bands show a tighter anti-correlation than those with the power-law spectra in the typical BAT energy bands .	This might explain why the $ HR - T_ { 90 } $ correlation is not evident for those GRB samples detected by instruments like { \it Swift } with a narrower/softer energy bandpass .
+1	Here we provide evidence that certain of these spinning excitations are spectrally stable .	A large class of multidimensional nonlinear Schroedinger equations admit localized nonradial standing wave solutions that carry nonzero intrinsic angular momentum .	We find such waves for equations in two space dimensions with focusing-defocusing nonlinearities , such as cubic-quintic .	Spectrally stable waves resemble a vortex ( non-localized solution with asymptotically constant amplitude ) cut off at large radius by a kink layer that exponentially localizes the solution .	For the evolution equations linearized about a localized spinning wave , we prove that unstable eigenvalues are zeros of Evans functions for a finite set of ordinary differential equations .
+1	The function $ f $ is said to be of generalised regular variation if there exist functions $ h \not\equiv 0 $ and $ g & gt ; 0 $ such that $ f ( xt ) - f ( t ) = h ( x ) g ( t ) + o ( g ( t ) ) $ as $ t \to \infty $ for all $ x \in ( 0 , \infty ) $ .	Let $ f $ be a measurable , real function defined in a neighbourhood of infinity .	Zooming in on the remainder term $ o ( g ( t ) ) $ leads eventually to a relation of the form $ f ( xt ) - f ( t ) = h_1 ( x ) g_1 ( t ) + ... + h_n ( x ) g_n ( t ) + o ( g_n ( t ) ) $ , each $ g_i $ being of smaller order than its predecessor $ g_ { i-1 } $ .	The function $ f $ is said to be generalised regularly varying of order $ n $ with rate vector $ \g = ( g_1 , & gt ; ... , g_n ) ' $ .	Under general assumptions , $ \g $ itself must be regularly varying in the sense that $ \g ( xt ) = x^ { \B } \g ( t ) + o ( g_n ( t ) ) $ for some upper triangular matrix $ \B \in \RR^ { n \times n } $ , and the vector of limit functions $ \h = ( h_1 , & gt ; ... , h_n ) $ is of the form $ \h ( x ) = \c \int_1^x u^\B u^ { -1 } \du $ for some row vector $ \c \in \RR^ { 1 \times n } $ .
+4	This observation combined with the general understanding of the spectroscopic strength suggests that a renewed study of nuclear matter , emphasizing the self-consistent determination of the spectral strength due to short-range and tensor correlations , may shed light on the perennial nuclear saturation problem .	A brief review is given concerning the status of the theoretical work on nucleon spectral functions .	A recent concern about the validity of the concept of spectroscopic factors as deduced from ( e , e'p ) reactions at higher Q^2 , is discussed in some detail .	The consequences of the observed spectral strength are then considered in the context of nuclear saturation .	It is argued that short-range correlations are mainly responsible for the actual value of the observed charge density in 208Pb and by extension for the empirical value of the saturation density of nuclear matter .
+4	Various formulations of the second law are found to be invalid at low $ T $ .	The Brownian motion of a quantum particle in a harmonic confining potential and coupled to a harmonic quantum thermal bath is exactly solvable .	It is shown that at low enough temperatures the stationary state is non-Gibbsian due to an entanglement with the bath .	In physical terms , this happens when the cloud of bath modes around the particle starts to play a non-trivial role .	Indeed , equilibrium thermodynamics of the total system , particle plus bath , does not imply standard equilibrium thermodynamics for the particle itself at low $ T $ .
+2	The centres of all the mapping class groups are calculated .	This paper is a study of the subgroups of the mapping class groups of Riemann surfaces , called `` geometric '' subgroups , corresponding to the inclusion of subsurfaces .	Our analysis includes surfaces with boundary and with punctures .	We determine the kernel of inclusion-induced maps of the mapping class group of a subsurface , and give necessary and sufficient conditions for injectivity .	In the injective case , we show that the commensurability class of a geometric subgroup completely determines up to isotopy the defining subsurface , and we characterize centralizers , normalizers , and commensurators of geometric subgroups .
+2	We added the condition that the input metallicity of the model atmosphere should be similar to the output metallicity derived with equivalent widths .	We implemented a fortran code that determine fundamental parameters of solar type stars from a list of Fe line equivalent widths .	The solution should verify 3 conditions in the standard method : ionization equilibrium , excitation equilibrium and independence between metallicity and equivalent widths .	Solar-scaled Kurucz model atmospheres with NEWODF opacities are calculated with an independent program .	Parameter files control different details , such as the mixing-length parameter , the overshooting , the damping of the lines and the weight factors in the definition of the chi2 function .
+1	Spiral arms are among the structures predicted decades ago by numerical simulations of disk-planet interaction and thus it is tempting to suspect that planetary perturbers are responsible for the observed signatures .	Recent high-resolution , near-infrared images of protoplanetary disks have shown that these disks often present spiral features .	However , such interpretation is not free of problems .	The spirals are found to have large pitch angles , and in at least one case ( HD 100546 ) the spiral feature appears effectively unpolarized , which implies thermal emission of the order of 1000K ( 465 $ \pm $ 40K at closer inspection ) .	We have recently shown in two-dimensional models that shock dissipation in the supersonic wake of high-mass planets can lead to significant heating if the disk is sufficiently adiabatic .
+2	Recently these conservation laws were used for evaluation of the three-body recombination rate for interacting gas of quantum bosons .	Quantum non-linear SCHROEDINGER equation is equivalent to Lieb-Liniger model .	It has non-trivial conservation laws .	These conservations laws were known already in 1989 .	Submitted text is retyping of the preprint of Centre for Mathematical Analysis of Australian National University CMA-R33-89 .
+3	Consequently , the potential obtains a step-like profile at some critical scale .	We propose a new framework of axion monodromy inflation in which axion monodromy arises from torsional cycles in a type IIB compactification .	A class of monomial potentials is obtained with specific values for the power index .	Moreover , the inflaton mass changes profile due to the couplings between various fields after compactification .	We study the cosmological implications of one concrete realization of this model .
+4	Pseudodiagrams were first introduced by Ryo Hanaki in 2010 .	Classical knots in $ \mathbb { R } ^3 $ can be represented by diagrams in the plane .	These diagrams are formed by curves with a finite number of transverse crossings , where each crossing is decorated to indicate which strand of the knot passes over at that point .	A pseudodiagram is a knot diagram that may be missing crossing information at some of its crossings .	At these crossings , it is undetermined which strand passes over .
+4	In contrast , weak PL decrease of less than 20 % is observed for InSe nm films after exposure of 100 hours .	Layered III-chalcogenide compounds belong to a variety of layered crystals that can be implemented in van der Waals heterostructures .	Here we report an optical study of the stability of two of these compounds : indium selenide ( InSe ) and gallium selenide ( GaSe ) .	Micro-photoluminescence ( PL ) and Raman spectroscopy are used to determine how the properties of thin films of these materials change when they are exposed to air at room temperature .	We find that in GaSe films , PL signal decreases on average below 50 % over 24 ( 72 ) hours of exposure for films with thicknesses 10-25 ( 48-75 ) nm .
+3	We derive general expressions and consider in detail specific regions of parameters which allow simple asymptotic expansion .	Effects of vacuum polarization modify the energy levels in atoms with an orbiting particle heavier than an electron .	The dominant effect is due to the Uehling potential .	In this paper we consider the relativistic corrections to the energy levels caused by the Uehling potential and in particular the fine structure in muonic and antiprotonic atoms .	We take into account the recoil effects and anomalous magnetic moment in the case of an antiproton as the orbiting particle .
+3	In the limit of vanishing $ \Omega $ -deformation , the localization formula greatly simplifies the computation of $ A $ -twisted correlation functions , and leads to new results for non-abelian theories .	We study two-dimensional $ \mathcal { N } = ( 2,2 ) $ supersymmetric gauged linear sigma models ( GLSM ) on the $ \Omega $ -deformed sphere , $ S^2_\Omega $ , which is a one-parameter deformation of the $ A $ -twisted sphere .	We provide an exact formula for the $ S^2_\Omega $ supersymmetric correlation functions using supersymmetric localization .	The contribution of each instanton sector is given in terms of a Jeffrey-Kirwan residue on the Coulomb branch .	We discuss a number of examples and comment on the $ \epsilon_\Omega $ -deformation of the quantum cohomology relations .
+0	This paper is concerned with developing and analyzing convergent semi-Lagrangian methods for the fully nonlinear elliptic Monge-Amp\`ere equation on general triangular grids .	This is done by establishing an equivalent ( in the viscosity sense ) Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman formulation of the Monge-Amp\`ere equation .	A significant benefit of the reformulation is the removal of the convexity constraint from the admissible space as convexity becomes a built-in property of the new formulation .	Moreover , this new approach allows one to tap the wealthy numerical methods , such as semi-Lagrangian schemes , for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations to solve Monge-Amp\`ere type equations .	It is proved that the considered numerical methods are monotone , pointwise consistent and uniformly stable .
+1	Utilizing these sources as background light sources , the excellent energy resolution of ASTRO-H/SXS allows us to detect emission and absorption features from heavy elements in the circumstellar material in the host galaxies , from the intergalactic medium ( IGM ) and in the ejecta of GRB explosions .	In this paper , we demonstrate ASTRO-H 's capability to measure the chemical evolution in the high-z ( z & lt ; ~ 3 ) universe by observing X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) and distant Blazars .	In particular , we can constrain the existence of the warm-hot intergalactic material ( WHIM ) , thought to contain most of the baryons at redshift of z & lt ; ~3 , with a typical exposure of one day for a follow-up observation of a GRB afterglow or 300 ks exposure for several distant Blazars .	In addition to the chemical evolution study , the combination of the SGD , HXI , SXI and SXS will measure , for the first time , the temporal behavior of the spectral continuum of GRB afterglows and Blazars over a broad energy range and short time scales allowing detailed modeling of jets .	The ability to obtain these data from GRB afterglows will depend critically on the availability of GRB triggers and the capability of ASTRO-H to respond rapidly to targets of opportunity .
+3	Studies have shown that microwave sensors could be used to scan the surface soil moisture .	The surface soil moisture is a key variable to describe the exchange of water and energy between the land and the atmosphere .	In hydrology , and meteorology , the amount of water in the upper soil layers permits ( 0-5 cm from the surface ) the evaluation of the relationship between the real evaporation and the potential evaporation of the bare soil .	It is also possible to determine the distribution of rainfall or other variables such as hydraulic conductivity .	The solution choose by the team associated with the SMOS mission ( Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity ) is to use a radiometer ( 1.4 GHz ) to identify soil microwave emissions .
+4	Hitchon , 2012 ] a new methodology was introduced for reducing numerical diffusion , based on a modified equation analysis : the remapping error was compensated by applying small corrections to the final position of the moving cells prior to remapping .	The Convected Scheme ( CS ) is a `forward-trajectory ' semi-Lagrangian method for solution of transport equations , which has been most often applied to the kinetic description of plasmas and rarefied neutral gases .	In its simplest form , the CS propagates the solution by advecting the `moving cells ' along their characteristic trajectories , and by remapping them on the mesh at the end of the time step .	The CS is conservative , positivity preserving , simple to implement , and not subject to time step restriction to maintain stability .	Recently [ Y. G\ '' u\c { c } l\ '' u and W.N.G .
+0	We have developed a full quantum microscopic theory to analyze the time evolution of transversal and longitudinal components of an exciton-single photon system coupled to bulk acoustic phonons .	These components are subjected to two decay processes .	One is radiative relaxation and the other is pure-dephasing due to exciton-phonon interaction .	The former results in a decay with an exponent linear to time , while the latter causes a faster initial decay than the radiative decay .	We analyzed the dependence of the components on the duration of the input one-photon pulse , temperature , and radiative relaxation rates .
+4	We derive an expression for the change in modulation length with temperature for a general system near the ground state with a ferromagnetic interaction and an opposing long range interaction .	We examine correlation functions in the presence of competing long and short ranged interactions to find multiple correlation and modulation lengths .	We calculate the ground state stripe width of an Ising ferromagnet , frustrated by an arbitrary long range interaction .	In large $ n $ systems , we demonstrate that for a short range system frustrated by a general competing long range interaction , the crossover temperature $ T^* $ veers towards the critical temperature of the unfrustrated short range system ( i.e. , that in which the frustrating long range interaction is removed ) .	We also show that apart from certain special crossover points , the total number of correlation and modulation lengths remains conserved .
+1	Three events consistent with W\to e\nu decay are found , giving a cross section of 0.9 +1.0 -0.7 \pm 0.2 pb , in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction .	A search for the leptonic decays of W bosons produced in the reaction e^+ p\to e^+ W^\pm X at a centre-of-mass energy of 300 GeV has been performed with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 47.7 pb^-1 .	The corresponding 95 % C.L .	upper limit on the cross section is 3.3 pb .	A search for the decay W\to \mu\nu has a smaller selection efficiency and yields no candidate events .
+3	These excited states display an energy spectrum similar to the Calogero-Sutherland model in one dimension .	We construct a new many-body Hamiltonian with two- and three-body interactions in two space dimensions and obtain its exact many-body ground state for an arbitrary number of particles .	This ground state has a novel pairwise correlation .	A class of exact solutions for the excited states is also found .	The model reduces to an analog of the well-known trigonometric Sutherland model when projected on to a circular ring .
+4	In particular , we discuss charmed ( D and D* ) and charm-strange ( Ds and DsJ ) mesons with spin-parity JP= 0+/- and 1+/- .	We present RBC heavy-light meson spectroscopy with quenched DBW2 gauge configurations at lattice cutoff of about 3 GeV .	Both heavy and light quarks are described by domain-wall fermions ( DWF ) .	The heavy quark mass ranges between 0.1 and 0.4 lattice units , covering charm .	The light quark mass ranges between 0.008 and 0.04 , covering strange .
+1	The calcination temperature was 950 C and varied the sintering temperature to be 950 C and 980 C. The resistivity measurement by four-point-probe technique showed that the Tconset of Y123 , Y134 , Y145 , Y156 were at 97 K , 93 K , 91K , 85 K , respectively .	We synthesized the YBamCu1+mOy superconductors ; m = 2,3,4,5 that were Y123 ( YBa2Cu3O7-x ) , Y134 ( YBa3Cu4O9-x ) , Y145 ( YBa4Cu5O11-x ) , Y156 ( YBa5Cu6O13-x ) , by solid state reaction with the Y2O3 , BaCO3 and CuO as the beginning materials .	The XRD and Rietveld full-profile analysis method were used and found that the crystal structure was in the orthorhombic with Pmmm space group with the ratio c/a were 3.0 , 4.0 , 5.0 and 6.0 for Y123 , Y134 , Y145 and Y156 , respectively .	The oxygen content was characterized by Iodometric titration .	The ( Cu3+/Cu2+and Oxygen content ) were ( 0.28 , 6.83 ) , ( 0.19 , 8.81 ) , ( 0.13 , 10.79 ) , ( 0.16 , 12.92 ) of Y123 , Y134 , Y145 , Y156 respectively .
+3	The initial state , operations , and measurements in the model all point to a natural bipartite split between the control qubit and the mixed ones .	We use quantum discord to characterize the correlations present in the quantum computational model DQC1 , introduced by Knill and Laflamme [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	81 , 5672 ( 1998 ) ] .	The model involves a collection of qubits in the completely mixed state coupled to a single control qubit that has nonzero purity .	Although there is no entanglement between these two parts , we show that the quantum discord across this split is nonzero for typical instances of the DQC1 ciruit .
+1	But , I find that this does `` not '' seem to be true in the recently discovered black holes which include the exotic black holes and the black holes in the three-dimensional higher curvature gravities .	It has been widely believed that the Hawking temperature for a black hole is $ uniquely $ determined by its metric and $ positive $ .	I show that the Hawking temperatures , which are measured by the quantum fields in thermal equilibrium with the black holes , are $ not $ the usual Hawking temperature but the $ new $ temperatures that have been proposed recently and can be $ negative $ .	The associated new entropy formulae , which are defined by the first law of thermodynamics , versus the black hole masses show some genuine effects of the black holes which do not occur in the spin systems .	Some cosmological implications and physical origin of the discrepancy with the standard analysis are noted also .
+3	In contrast , we show that over a cyclic group the automorphism group of any Schur ring is abelian .	In 1993 , Muzychuk \cite { muzychuk } showed that the rational Schur rings over a cyclic group $ Z_n $ are in one-to-one correspondence with sublattices of the divisor lattice of $ n $ , or equivalently , with sublattices of the lattice of subgroups of $ Z_n $ .	This can easily be extended to show that for any finite group $ G $ , sublattices of the lattice of characteristic subgroups of $ G $ give rise to rational Schur rings over $ G $ in a natural way .	Our main result is that any finite group may be represented as the ( algebraic ) automorphism group of such a rational Schur ring over an abelian $ p $ -group , for any odd prime $ p $ .	We also prove a converse to the well-known result of Muzychuk \cite { muzychuk2 } that two Schur rings over a cyclic group are isomorphic if and only if they coincide ; namely , we show that over a group which is not cyclic , there always exist distinct isomorphic Schur rings .
+1	Namely , we describe the sub-Riemannian geometry of $ S^3 $ arising through its right Lie group action over itself , the one inherited from the natural complex structure of the open unit ball in $ \comp^2 $ and the geometry that appears when considering the Hopf map as a principal bundle .	The first aim of the present paper is to compare various sub-Riemannian structures over the three dimensional sphere $ S^3 $ originating from different constructions .	The main result of this comparison is that in fact those three structures coincide .	In the second place , we present two bracket generating distributions for the seven dimensional sphere $ S^7 $ of step 2 with ranks 6 and 4 .	These yield to sub-Riemannian structures for $ S^7 $ that are not present in the literature until now .
+4	We offer a method to transform current methods in the literature from their traditional form by changing the norm by which cost is assessed .	Optimal control models have been successful in describing many aspects of human movement .	The interpretation of such models regarding neuronal implementation of the human motor system is not clear .	An important aspects of optimal control policies is the notion of cost .	Optimal control seeks to minimize a notion of cost , while meeting certain goals .
+1	However the concept of domain is complex and not bound to clear criteria .	Speech recognition systems are often highly domain dependent , a fact widely reported in the literature .	Hence it is often not evident if data should be considered to be out-of-domain .	While both acoustic and language models can be domain specific , work in this paper concentrates on acoustic modelling .	We present a novel method to perform unsupervised discovery of domains using Latent Dirichlet Allocation ( LDA ) modelling .
+2	He also made seminal contributions in analytic geometry , complex analysis and the theory of annuities .	November 27 , 2004 , marked the 250th anniversary of the death of Abraham De Moivre , best known in statistical circles for his famous large-sample approximation to the binomial distribution , whose generalization is now referred to as the Central Limit Theorem .	De Moivre was one of the great pioneers of classical probability theory .	The first biography of De Moivre , on which almost all subsequent ones have since relied , was written in French by Matthew Maty .	It was published in 1755 in the Journal britannique .
+0	We study the role of the noise in the dynamics of two competing species .	We consider generalized Lotka-Volterra equations in the presence of a multiplicative noise , which models the interaction between the species and the environment .	The interaction parameter between the species is a random process which obeys a stochastic differential equation with a generalized bistable potential in the presence of a periodic driving term , which accounts for the environment temperature variation .	We find noise-induced periodic oscillations of the species concentrations and stochastic resonance phenomenon .	We find also a nonmonotonic behavior of the mean extinction time of one of the two competing species as a function of the additive noise intensity .
+2	The equations are written on a bounded interval with Dirichlet boundary conditions and require special attention to the boundary .	We study a strongly coupled system consisting of a parabolic equation and a singular Hamilton-Jacobi equation in one space dimension .	This system describes the dynamics of dislocation densities in a material submitted to an exterior applied stress .	We prove a result of global existence of a solution .	The method of the proof consists in considering first a parabolic regularization of the full system , and then passing to the limit .
+4	In conserved particles model ( Model A ) , drivers continue their travelling even if they reached their destinations .	We extended the Biham-Middleton-Levine model to incorporate the origin and destination effect of drivers trips on the traffic in cities .	The destination sites are randomly chosen from some origin-destination distances probability distribution `` ODDPD '' .	We use three different distributions : exponential , uniform and power-law .	We consider two variants of the model .
+1	Spin analysis is obtained through polarimetry based on low-energy exchange scattering from a ferromagnetic thin-film target .	We describe a spin-resolved electron spectrometer capable of uniquely efficient and high energy resolution measurements .	This approach can achieve a similar analyzing power ( Sherman function ) as state-of-the-art Mott scattering polarimeters , but with as much as 100 times improved efficiency due to increased reflectivity .	Performance is further enhanced by integrating the polarimeter into a time-of-flight ( TOF ) based energy analysis scheme with a precise and flexible electrostatic lens system .	The parallel acquisition of a range of electron kinetic energies afforded by the TOF approach results in an order of magnitude ( or more ) increase in efficiency compared to hemispherical analyzers .
+1	The approach is based on the use of the instant form of relativistic Hamiltonian dynamics .	A new approach to the electroweak properties of two -- particle composite systems is developed .	The main novel feature of this approach is the new method of construction of the matrix element of the electroweak current operator .	The electroweak current matrix element satisfies the relativistic covariance conditions and in the case of the electromagnetic current also the conservation law automatically .	The properties of the system as well as the approximations are formulated in terms of form factors .
+0	For this exceptional 25th anniversary of the QCD-Montpellier series of conferences initiated in 85 with the name `` Non-perturbative methods '' , we take the opportunuity to celebrate the 30 + 1 years of the discovery of the SVZ ( also called ITEP , QCD or QCD spectral ) sum rules by M.A.Shifman , A.I .	Vainshtein and V.I .	Zakahrov in 79 [ 1 ] .	In this talk , I have the duty to present the status of the method .	I shall ( can ) not enumerate the vast area of successful applications of sum rules in hadron physics but I shall focus on the historical evolution of field and its new developments .
+1	We begin by recounting how the debate over whether quantum gravity must be background independent is a continuation of a long-standing argument in the history of physics and philosophy over whether space and time are relational or absolute .	The aim of this paper is to explain carefully the arguments behind the assertion that the correct quantum theory of gravity must be background independent .	This leads to a careful statement of what physicists mean when we speak of background independence .	Given this we can characterize the precise sense in which general relativity is a background independent theory .	The leading background independent approaches to quantum gravity are then discussed , including causal set models , loop quantum gravity and dynamical triangulations and their main achievements are summarized along with the problems that remain open .
+4	The results show that the LDOS in inverse opals strongly depends on the crystal lattice parameter as well as on the position and orientation of emitting dipoles .	We have investigated the local density of optical states ( LDOS ) in titania and silicon inverse opals -- three-dimensional photonic crystals that have been realized experimentally .	We used the H-field plane-wave expansion method to calculate the density of states and the projected local optical density of states , which are directly relevant for spontaneous emission dynamics and strong coupling .	We present the first quantitative analysis of the frequency resolution and of the accuracy of the calculated local density of states .	We have calculated the projected LDOS for many different emitter positions in inverse opals in order to supply a theoretical interpretation for recent emission experiments and as reference results for future experiments and theory by other workers .
+4	For both of these functions $ \phi $ , we show that the $ \phi $ -cover can be computed in $ O ( n\log^2n ) $ time , where $ n $ is the total number of vertices of the trees in $ T $ .	Let $ \phi $ be a function that maps any non-empty subset $ A $ of $ \mathbb { R } ^2 $ to a non-empty subset $ \phi ( A ) $ of $ \mathbb { R } ^2 $ .	A $ \phi $ -cover of a set $ T=\ { T_1 , T_2 , \dots , T_m\ } $ of pairwise non-crossing trees in the plane is a set of pairwise disjoint connected regions such that each tree $ T_i $ is contained in some region of the cover , and each region of the cover is either ( 1 ) $ \phi ( T_i ) $ for some $ i $ , or ( 2 ) $ \phi ( A \cup B ) $ , where $ A $ and $ B $ are constructed by either ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) , and $ A \cap B \neq \emptyset $ .	We present two properties for the function $ \phi $ that make the $ \phi $ -cover well-defined .	Examples for such functions $ \phi $ are the convex hull and the axis-aligned bounding box .
+4	The CMBR observations in our double difference channel correlate well with the earlier observations , but the single difference channel shows some discrepancies .	The second flight of the Medium Scale Anisotropy Measurement ( MSAM1-94 ) observed the same field as the first flight ( MSAM1-92 ) to confirm our earlier measurement of cosmic microwave background radiation ( CMBR ) anisotropy .	This instrument chops a 30\arcmin\ beam in a 3 position pattern with a throw of $ \pm40\arcmin $ , and simultaneously measures single and double differenced sky signals .	We observe in four spectral channels centered at 5.6 , 9.0 , 16.5 , and 22.5~\icm , providing sensitivity to the peak of the CMBR and to thermal emission from interstellar dust .	The dust component correlates well with the \IRAS\ 100~\micron\ map .
+4	The event rates in these experiments correspond to a GeV-Matter abundance of 0.2-1 % of the halo mass density .	TeV-mass dark matter charged under a new GeV-scale gauge force can explain electronic cosmic-ray anomalies .	We propose that the CoGeNT and DAMA direct detection experiments are observing scattering of light stable states -- `` GeV-Matter '' -- that are charged under this force and constitute a small fraction of the dark matter halo .	Dark higgsinos in a supersymmetric dark sector are natural candidates for GeV-Matter that scatter off protons with a universal cross-section of 5 x 10^ { -38 } cm^2 and can naturally be split by 10-30 keV so that their dominant interaction with protons is down-scattering .	As an example , down-scattering of an O ( 5 ) GeV dark higgsino can simultaneously explain the spectra observed by both CoGeNT and DAMA .
+3	The state vector is a superposition of states representing `` instants . ''	A simple quantum model describing the onset of time is presented .	This is combined with a simple quantum model of the onset of space .	A major purpose is to explore the interpretational issues which arise .	The sample space and probability measure are discussed .
+1	In an L2 halo orbit above the lunar farside , the astronauts aboard the Orion Crew Vehicle would travel 15 % farther from Earth than did the Apollo astronauts and spend almost three times longer in deep space .	A novel concept is presented in this paper for a human mission to the lunar L2 ( Lagrange ) point that would be a proving ground for future exploration missions to deep space while also overseeing scientifically important investigations .	Such a mission would serve as a first step beyond low Earth orbit and prove out operational spaceflight capabilities such as life support , communication , high speed re-entry , and radiation protection prior to more difficult human exploration missions .	On this proposed mission , the crew would teleoperate landers and rovers on the unexplored lunar farside , which would obtain samples from the geologically interesting farside and deploy a low radio frequency telescope .	Sampling the South Pole-Aitken basin , one of the oldest impact basins in the solar system , is a key science objective of the 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey .
+0	Aims .	To determine the credentials of nine candidate intermediate polars in order to confirm whether or not they are magnetic cataclysmic variables.Methods .	Frequency analysis of RXTE and XMM data was used to search for temporal variations which could be associated with the spin period of the magnetic white dwarf .	X-ray spectral analysis was carried out to characterise the emission and absorption properties of each target.Results .	The hard X-ray light curve of V2069 Cyg shows a pulse period of 743.2 s , and its spectrum is fit by an absorbed bremsstrahlung model with an iron line , confirming this to be a genuine intermediate polar .
+3	We quantitatively and qualitatively compare our results with previously published work on cellular automata and show that randomly interconnected automata are computationally more efficient in solving these two global tasks .	It has been shown that uniform as well as non-uniform cellular automata ( CA ) can be evolved to perform certain computational tasks .	Random Boolean networks are a generalization of two-state cellular automata , where the interconnection topology and the cell 's rules are specified at random .	Here we present a novel analytical approach to find the local rules of random Boolean networks ( RBNs ) to solve the global density classification and the synchronization task from any initial configuration .	Our approach also provides convergence and quality estimates and allows the networks to be randomly rewired during operation , without affecting the global performance .
+0	We investigate the procedures of loading and detecting three-dimensional fermionic quantum gases in a one-dimensional optical superlattice potential subjected to a trapping potential .	Additionally , we consider the relaxation dynamics after a sudden change of the superlattice potential .	We numerically simulate the time-dependent evolution of the continuous system using exact diagonalization of non-interacting fermions .	During the loading procedure we analyze the occupation of the instantaneous energy levels and compare the situation in a homogeneous system with the trapped one .	Strong differences are found in particular in the evolution of excitations which we trace back to the distinct global density distribution .
+0	Clustering has been widely applied to Information Retrieval ( IR ) on the grounds of its potential improved effectiveness over inverted file search .	Clustering is a mostly unsupervised procedure and the majority of the clustering algorithms depend on certain assumptions in order to define the subgroups present in a data set .A clustering quality measure is a function that , given a data set and its partition into clusters , returns a non-negative real number representing the quality of that clustering .	Moreover , they may behave in a different way depending on the features of the data set and their input parameters values .	Therefore , in most applications the resulting clustering scheme requires some sort of evaluation as regards its validity .	The quality of clustering can be enhanced by using a Cellular Automata Classifier for information retrieval .
+2	We show that the factor rotation can be obtained by calculation of canonical correlations between appropriate spaces which make the methodology computationally efficient .	We present a new approach to factor rotation for functional data .	This is achieved by rotating the functional principal components toward a predefined space of periodic functions designed to decompose the total variation into components that are nearly-periodic and nearly-aperiodic with a predefined period .	Moreover , we demonstrate that our proposed rotations provide stable and interpretable results in the presence of highly complex covariance .	This work is motivated by the goal of finding interpretable sources of variability in gridded time series of vegetation index measurements obtained from remote sensing , and we demonstrate our methodology through an application of factor rotation of this data .
+1	This maps onto the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth equation in time $ t $ , with flat initial conditions .	We study the directed polymer ( DP ) of length $ t $ in a random potential in dimension 1+1 in the continuum limit , with one end fixed and one end free .	We use the Bethe Ansatz solution for the replicated problem which is an attractive bosonic model .	The problem is more difficult than the previous solution of the fixed endpoint problem as it requires regularization of the spatial integrals over the Bethe eigenfunctions .	We use either a large fixed system length or a small finite slope KPZ initial conditions ( wedge ) .
+1	We investigate the behaviour of the local flow close to the interface between the single-phase and porous regions ( governed by the incompressible Navier -- Stokes and Darcy flow equations , respectively ) .	The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to study the canonical problem of steady laminar flow through a narrow two-dimensional channel blocked by a tight-fitting finite-length highly permeable porous obstacle .	We solve for the local flow in the limits of low and high Reynolds number , facilitating an understanding of the nature of the transition from Poiseuille to plug to Poiseuille flow in each of these limits .	Significant analytic progress is made in the high-Reynolds-number limit , as we are able to explore in detail the rich boundary layer structure that occurs .	We derive general results for the interfacial stress and for the conditions that couple the flow in the regions away from the interface .
+3	The stellar population comprise of an exponential disc ( 27 % of the light ) and a diffuse spheroidal component ( 73 % of the light ) that can not be represented by a simple de Vaucouleurs profile at any radius .	In this work we build a detailed dynamic model for a S0 galaxy possibly hosting a central massive dark object ( MDO ) .	We show that the photometric profiles and the kinematics along the major and minor axes , including the h3 and h4 profiles , imply the presence of a central MDO of mass M = 1.5 - 9.7 10^8 solar masses , i.e.0.3-2.8 % of the mass derived for the stellar spheroidal component .	Models without MDO are unable to reproduce the kinematic properties of the inner stars and of the rapidly rotating nuclear gas .	The M/L ratios we found for the stellar components ( respectively 3.3 and 6.6 ) are typical of those of disc and elliptical galaxies .
+4	No HI line emission is detected in ESO 243-49 with a 5 $ \sigma $ upper limit on the HI gas mass of a few $ 10^8 M_ { \odot } $ .	The lenticular galaxy ESO 243-49 hosts the ultraluminous X-ray source HLX-1 , the best candidate intermediate mass black hole ( IMBH ) currently known .	The environments of IMBHs remain unknown , however the proposed candidates include the nuclei of dwarf galaxies or globular clusters .	Evidence at optical wavelengths points at HLX-1 being the remnant of an accreted dwarf galaxy .	Here we report the Australia Telescope Compact Array radio observations of HI emission in and around ESO 243-49 searching for signatures of a recent merger event .
+2	Particular examples of espaliers include ( i ) complete Boolean algebras , ( ii ) direct summand lattices of nonsingular injective modules , ( iii ) complete , meet-continuous , complemented , modular lattices , and ( iv ) projection lattices in AW*-algebras .	We develop dimension theory for a large class of structures called espaliers , consisting of a set $ L $ equipped with a partial order $ \leq $ , an orthogonality relation $ \perp $ , and an equivalence relation $ \sim $ , subject to certain axioms .	The dimension range of $ L $ is the universal $ \sim $ -invariant homomorphism from $ ( L , \oplus,0 ) $ to a partial commutative monoid $ S $ , where $ \oplus $ denotes orthogonal sum in $ L $ .	We prove that the dimension range of any espalier is a lower interval of a commutative monoid of continuous functions of the form $ C ( \Omega_ { I } , Z_\gamma ) \times C ( \Omega_ { II } , R_\gamma ) \times C ( \Omega_ { III } ,2_\gamma ) $ , where $ \gamma $ is an ordinal and the $ \Omega_ { * } $ are complete Boolean spaces , and where $ Z_\gamma $ , $ R_\gamma $ , $ 2_\gamma $ , respectively , denote the unions of the interval $ \ { \aleph_\xi \mid 0\le \xi\le \gamma\ } $ with the sets of nonnegative integers , nonnegative real numbers , and 0 , respectively .	Conversely , we prove that every lower interval of a monoid of the above form can be represented as the dimension range of an espalier arising from each of the contexts ( i ) -- ( iv ) above .
+1	Understanding the physical origin of the Gilbert damping is highly relevant to developing future fast switching spintronics devices such as magnetic sensors and magnetic random access memory .	The Gilbert damping of ferromagnetic materials is arguably the most important but least understood phenomenological parameter that dictates real-time magnetization dynamics .	Here , we report an experimental study of temperature-dependent Gilbert damping in permalloy ( Py ) thin films of varying thicknesses by ferromagnetic resonance .	From the thickness dependence , two independent contributions to the Gilbert damping are identified , namely bulk damping and surface damping .	Of particular interest , bulk damping decreases monotonically as the temperature decreases , while surface damping shows an enhancement peak at the temperature of ~50 K. These results provide an important insight to the physical origin of the Gilbert damping in ultrathin magnetic films .
+3	By phase-folding and averaging our data we make the first significant detection of the white dwarf ingress in this system and find the phase width of the white dwarf eclipse to be 0.0935 +/- 0.0003 , significantly higher than the previous best value of between 0.0863 and 0.0918 .	We present high speed photometric observations of the eclipsing dwarf nova IP Peg taken with the triple-beam camera ULTRACAM mounted on the William Herschel Telescope .	The primary eclipse in this system was observed twice in 2004 , and then a further sixteen times over a three week period in 2005 .	Our observations were simultaneous in the Sloan u ' , g ' and r ' bands .	The mass ratio is found to be q = M2 /M1 = 0.48 +/- 0.01 , consistent with previous measurements , but we find the inclination to be 83.8 +/- 0.5 deg , significantly higher than previously reported .
+2	We found that these two Coulomb energies are different .	One approximation is made to describe a M+1 electron many-body wavefunction by a M electron many-body wavefunction and a single electron wavefunction .	Under this approximation , we have derived the Coulomb energy which relates the exciton energy $ E_ { exc } $ in a quantum dot with the quasiparticle band gap ( defined as the difference between the ionization energy and the electron affinity ) , and the Coulomb energy which relates $ E_ { exc } $ with the single particle eigen values .	We have compared our results with the formulae used in different groups , which are proposed either { \it ad hov } , or from the classical electrostatic point of view .	We found important difference between our results and the classical formula .
+2	Current inverse problem literature often approaches the problem by considering suitable point estimators for the task .	A demanding challenge in Bayesian inversion is to efficiently characterize the posterior distribution .	This task is problematic especially in high-dimensional non-Gaussian problems , where the structure of the posterior can be very chaotic and difficult to analyse .	Typically the choice is made between the maximum a posteriori ( MAP ) or the conditional mean ( CM ) estimate .	The benefits of either choice are not well-understood from the perspective of infinite-dimensional theory .
+4	We propose Predict as an efficient method to estimate probabilistic values and illustrate its use in conjunction with two known algorithms for probabilistic inference .	We present an algorithm , called Predict , for updating beliefs in causal networks quantified with order-of-magnitude probabilities .	The algorithm takes advantage of both the structure and the quantification of the network and presents a polynomial asymptotic complexity .	Predict exhibits a conservative behavior in that it is always sound but not always complete .	We provide sufficient conditions for completeness and present algorithms for testing these conditions and for computing a complete set of plausible values .
+3	The data include the number counts , mean distance modulus ( $ \mu $ ) , dispersion in $ \mu $ and full error matrix , from which we fit the data with several tri-axial parametric models .	We present a study of the luminosity density distribution of the Galactic bar using number counts of red clump giants ( RCGs ) from the OGLE-III survey .	The data were recently published by Nataf et al .	( 2013 ) for 9019 fields towards the bulge and have $ 2.94\times 10^6 $ RC stars over a viewing area of $ 90.25 \ , \textrm { deg } ^2 $ .	We use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo ( MCMC ) method to explore the parameter space and find that the best-fit model is the $ E_3 $ model , with the distance to the GC is 8.13 kpc , the ratio of semi-major and semi-minor bar axis scale lengths in the Galactic plane $ x_ { 0 } , y_ { 0 } $ , and vertical bar scale length $ z_0 $ , is $ x_0 : y_0 : z_0 \approx 1.00:0.43:0.40 $ ( close to being prolate ) .
+1	The idea is to transform a nondeterministic-polynomial-hard ground state simulation with infinite degrees of freedom into a single optimization problem of a local function with finite number of physical and ancillary degrees of freedom .	In this work , a simple and fundamental numeric scheme dubbed as ab-initio optimization principle ( AOP ) is proposed for the ground states of translational invariant strongly-correlated quantum lattice models .	This work contributes mainly in the following aspects : 1 ) AOP provides a simple and efficient scheme to simulate the ground state by solving a local optimization problem .	Its solution contains two kinds of boundary states , one of which play the role of the entanglement bath that mimic the interactions between a supercell and the infinite environment , and the other give the ground state in a tensor network ( TN ) form .	2 ) In the sense of TN , a novel decomposition named as tensor ring decomposition ( TRD ) is proposed to implement AOP .
+4	Our results indicate that tight-binding models with non-Hermitian PT-symmetric hopping have a robust PT-symmetric phase and rich dynamics which may be explored in coupled waveguides .	We study the properties of a parity- and time-reversal- ( PT ) symmetric tight-binding chain of size N with position-dependent hopping amplitude .	In contrast to the fragile PT-symmetric phase of a chain with constant hopping and imaginary impurity potentials , we show that , under very general conditions , our model is { \it always } in the PT-symmetric phase .	We numerically obtain the energy spectrum and the density of states of such a chain , and show that they are widely tunable .	By studying the size-dependence of inverse participation ratios , we show that although the chain is not translationally invariant , most of its eigenstates are extended .
+2	We argue that fuzziness ( plasticity ) of conformational barcodes may be increased by disordered protein structures , by integrative plasticity of multi-phosphorylation events , by increased intracellular water content ( decreased molecular crowding ) and by increased action of molecular chaperones .	Conformational barcodes tag functional sites of proteins , and are decoded by interacting molecules transmitting the incoming signal .	Conformational barcodes are modified by all co-occurring allosteric events induced by post-translational modifications , pathogen , drug binding , etc .	This leads to increased plasticity of signaling and cellular networks .	Increased plasticity is both substantiated by and inducing an increased noise level .
+1	Using this , we compute Fukaya-Oh-Ohta-Ono 's ( FOOO 's ) obstruction ( co ) chains and the Floer cohomology of Lagrangian torus fibers of Fano toric manifolds .	In this paper , we first provide an explicit description of { \it all } holomorphic discs ( `` disc instantons '' ) attached to Lagrangian torus fibers of arbitrary compact toric manifolds , and prove their Fredholm regularity .	In particular specializing to the formal parameter $ T^ { 2\pi } = e^ { -1 } $ , our computation verifies the folklore that FOOO 's obstruction ( co ) chains correspond to the Landau-Ginzburg superpotentials under the mirror symmetry correspondence , and also proves the prediction made by K. Hori about the Floer cohomology of Lagrangian torus fibers of Fano toric manifolds .	The latter states that the Floer cohomology ( for the parameter value $ T^ { 2\pi } = e^ { -1 } $ ) of all the fibers vanish except at a finite number , the Euler characteristic of the toric manifold , of base points in the momentum polytope that are critical points of the superpotential of the Landau-Ginzburg mirror to the toric manifold .	In the latter cases , we also prove that the Floer cohomology of the corresponding fiber is isomorphic to its singular cohomology .
+2	We measure ~flat mass-to-light ( M/L ) profiles within an optical half-light radius ( Reff ) , rising by an order of magnitude at ~10Reff , which confirms the presence of dark matter ( DM ) .	We present a Chandra study of mass profiles in 7 elliptical galaxies , of which 3 have galaxy-scale and 4 group-scale halos demarcated at 1E13Msun .	These represent the best available data for nearby objects with comparable X-ray luminosities .	The data indicate hydrostatic equilibrium , which is also supported by agreement with studies of stellar kinematics in elliptical galaxies .	The data are well-fitted by a model comprising an NFW DM profile and a baryonic component following the optical light .
+0	Bulk metallic glasses ( BMGs ) are amorphous alloys with desirable mechanical properties and processing capabilities .	To date , the design of new BMGs has largely employed empirical rules and trial-and-error experimental approaches .	Ab initio computational methods are currently prohibitively slow to be practically used in searching the vast space of possible atomic combinations for bulk glass formers .	Here , we perform molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained , anisotropic potential , which mimics interatomic covalent bonding , to measure the critical cooling rates for metal-metalloid alloys as a function of the atomic size ratio $ \sigma_S/\sigma_L $ and number fraction $ x_S $ of the metalloid species .	We show that the regime in the space of $ \sigma_S/\sigma_L $ and $ x_S $ where well-mixed , optimal glass formers occur for patchy and LJ particle mixtures coincides with that for experimentally observed metal-metalloid glass formers .
+1	Graph-theoretic approaches have been widely used to solve these problems , but are subject to several limitations .	Modeling power transmission networks is an important area of research with applications such as vulnerability analysis , study of cascading failures , and location of measurement devices .	One of the limitations is the ability to model a heterogeneous system in a consistent manner using the standard graph-theoretic formulation .	In this paper , we propose a { \em network-of-networks } approach for modeling power transmission networks in order to explicitly incorporate heterogeneity in the model .	This model distinguishes between different components of the network that operate at different voltage ratings , and also captures the intra and inter-network connectivity patterns .
+4	Level identification is discussed .	Progress in computing the spectrum of excited baryons and mesons in lattice QCD is described .	Our first results in the zero-momentum bosonic I=1 , S=0 , T1u+ symmetry sector of QCD using a correlation matrix of 56 operators are presented .	In addition to a dozen spatially-extended meson operators , 44 two-meson operators are used , involving a wide variety of light isovector , isoscalar , and strange meson operators of varying relative momenta .	All needed Wick contractions are efficiently evaluated using a stochastic method of treating the low-lying modes of quark propagation that exploits Laplacian Heaviside quark-field smearing .
+3	Our modeling accounts for the general relativistic effects of gravitational redshift and light bending near the stellar surface , and allows for local anisotropic emission .	The return to the quiescent state of the Anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810-197 following its 2003 outburst represents a unique opportunity to probe the surface emission properties of a magnetar .	The quiescent emission of XTE J1810-197 is composed of two thermal components , one arising from the whole star surface , and the other from a small warm spot on it .	By modeling the magnitude and shape of the pulse profile in narrow spectral bands , we have been able to constrain the physical characteristics and geometrical parameters of the system : the two angles that the line of sight and the spin axis make with respect to the warm spot axis ( \psi\ and \xi\ respectively ) , the angular size of the spot , and the overall surface temperature distribution .	We found that the surface temperature distribution on the neutron star is consistent with the expectations of a dipole magnetic field configuration ; the local radiation requires a pencil-beamed emission pattern , suggesting the presence of a magnetized atmosphere .
+1	First , we characterize one-sided submodules of $ M_ { m \times n } ( D ) $ in terms of left row reduced echelon or right column reduced echelon matrices with entries from $ D $ .	Let $ m , n \in \mathbb { N } $ , $ D $ be a division ring , and $ M_ { m \times n } ( D ) $ denote the bimodule of all $ m \times n $ matrices with entries from $ D $ .	Next , we introduce the notion of a nest module of matrices with entries from $ D $ .	We then characterize submodules of nest modules of matrices over $ D $ in terms of certain finite sequences of left row reduced echelon or right column reduced echelon matrices with entries from $ D $ .	We use this result to characterize principal submodules of nest modules .
+1	These structured features are well explained by a combination of crystalline forsterite , crystalline enstatite , silica and glassy olivine grains .	We have carried out mid-infrared N-band spectroscopic observations of the T Tauri star Hen 3-600A in the TW Hydra association with the COMICS on the 8.2m Subaru Telescope and found structured features in its spectrum .	Among intermediate-mass young stellar objects ( YSOs ) , crystalline silicates have already been detected , but no firm detection has been reported so far for low-mass YSOs such as T Tauri stars .	This is the first clear detection of crystalline silicates in low-mass YSOs and shows that the crystallization event occurs even in the protoplanetary disk of low-mass YSOs in the T Tauri phase .	The physical processes leading to the inferred dust composition in the Hen3-600A system may be analogous to those occured in the early epoch of the Solar system .
+4	In this paper we will review this development , point out the main contributions and speculate about the next lines of research in this area .	High-order finite difference methods are efficient , easy to program , scales well in multiple dimensions and can be modified locally for various reasons ( such as shock treatment for example ) .	The main drawback have been the complicated and sometimes even mysterious stability treatment at boundaries and interfaces required for a stable scheme .	The research on summation-by-parts operators and weak boundary conditions during the last 20 years have removed this drawback and now reached a mature state .	It is now possible to construct stable and high order accurate multi-block finite difference schemes in a systematic building-block-like manner .
+3	The CI lines , observed with SPIRE , have been used to measure the densities in the neutral gas , while the OI lines provide a measure of the gas temperature , at densities below 10000 cm-3 .	We present spectroscopic observations of FIR fine-structure lines of 26 Seyfert galaxies obtained with the Herschel-PACS spectrometer .	These observations are complemented by spectroscopy with Spitzer-IRS and Herschel-SPIRE .	The ratios of the OIII , NII , SIII and NeV lines have been used to determine electron densities in the ionised gas regions .	Using the OI145/63um and SIII33/18um line ratios we find an anti-correlation of the temperature with the gas density .
+3	For untwisted non-simply laced models , two kinds of root type Lax pairs ( based on long roots and short roots ) are derived which contain independent coupling constants for the long and short roots .	Universal Lax pairs ( the root type and the minimal type ) are presented for Calogero-Moser models based on simply laced root systems , including E_8 .	They exist with and without spectral parameter and they work for all of the four choices of potentials : the rational , trigonometric , hyperbolic and elliptic .	For the elliptic potential , the discrete symmetries of the simply laced models , originating from the automorphism of the extended Dynkin diagrams , are combined with the periodicity of the potential to derive a class of Calogero-Moser models known as the `twisted non-simply laced models ' .	The BC_n model contains three independent couplings , for the long , middle and short roots .
+0	We perform a theoretical study of nonlinear optical isolator devices based on coupled microcavities with gain and loss .	Using coupled-mode theory , we derive a correspondence between the boundary of asymptotic stability in the nonlinear regime , where gain saturation is present , and the PT-breaking transition in the underlying linear system .	For zero detuning and weak input intensity , the onset of optical isolation can be rigorously derived , and corresponds precisely to the PT transition point .	When the couplings to the external ports are unequal , the isolation ratio exhibits an abrupt jump at the transition point , determined by the ratio of the couplings .	This could be exploited to realize an actively controlled nonlinear optical isolator , in which strong optical isolation can be switched on or off using tiny variations in the inter-resonator separation .
+1	When the delay exceeds a critical value , a limit cycle emerges via a supercritical Hopf bifurcation .	We consider a model system of two coupled Hopfield neurons , which is described by delay differential equations taking into account the finite signal propagation and processing times .	First , we calculate its frequency and trajectory perturbatively by applying the Poincar\'e-Lindstedt method .	Then , the perturbation series are resummed by means of the Shohat expansion in good agreement with numerical values .	However , with increasing delay , the accuracy of the results from the Shohat expansion worsens .
+2	In particular , we offer a framework for comparing deep and shallow models that belong to the family of piecewise linear functions based on computational geometry .	This paper explores the complexity of deep feedforward networks with linear pre-synaptic couplings and rectified linear activations .	This is a contribution to the growing body of work contrasting the representational power of deep and shallow network architectures .	We look at a deep rectifier multi-layer perceptron ( MLP ) with linear outputs units and compare it with a single layer version of the model .	In the asymptotic regime , when the number of inputs stays constant , if the shallow model has $ kn $ hidden units and $ n_0 $ inputs , then the number of linear regions is $ O ( k^ { n_0 } n^ { n_0 } ) $ .
+2	These probes blink when they rotate in response to rotating external magnetic fields .	Magnetically modulated optical nanoprobes ( MagMOONs ) were used to detect and distinguish probe fluorescence from autofluorescent backgrounds in turbid media .	MagMOONs are micro/nano-sized particles with magnetically controlled orientation and orientation-dependent fluorescence .	This blinking signal can be separated from backgrounds enabling spectrochemical sensing in media with strong autofluorescence .	We explore the effect of scattering on MagMOON fluorescence .
+1	After some time , on the basis of his performance in the organization , he is given promotion and he becomes eligible to exercise to some higher authorities .	When a person joins in an organization , he becomes authorize to take some decisions on behalf of that organization ; means he is given some authority to exercise .	And further , he may get some higher promotion or he may leave the organization .	So , during his stay in the organization , the authority of that person varies from the time he joins the organization until he/she leaves the organization .	This paper presents the variation in authorities of a person in the organization .
+1	The Electoral process expressed serious concerns regarding the independence of the Election Commission of Pakistan , the restrictions on political parties and their candidates , the misuse of state resources , some unbalanced coverage in the state media , deficiencies in the compilation of the voting register and significant problems relating to the provision of ID cards .	The proposed election system lies in ensuring that it is transparent and impartial.Thus while the electoral system may vary from country to country , It has to take into account the peculiarities of every society while at the same time incorporating remedies to problems prevailing in the system .	The holding of a general election does not in itself guarantee the restoration of democracy .	The unjustified interference with electoral arrangements , as detailed above , irrespective of the alleged motivation , resulted in serious flaws being inflicted on the electoral process .	Additionally , questions remain as to whether or not there will be a full transfer of power from a military to civilian administration .
+3	Our main conclusion is that the chiral limit of compact QED can be efficiently located using different techniques .	We study the phase structure and chiral limit of $ 4d $ compact lattice QED with Wilson fermions ( both dynamical and quenched ) .	We use the standard Wilson action ( WA ) and also the modified action ( MA ) with some lattice artifacts suppressed .	We show that lattice artifacts influence the distributions of eigenvalues $ ~\lambda_i~ $ of the fermionic matrix especially for small values of $ ~\lambda_i~ $ .	Sorry , figures are not included and can be sent by ordinary mail or Fax .
+0	In this paper , we study the problem of stability analysis and controller synthesis of continuous-time linear network systems in the presence of stochastic uncertainty .	Stochastic uncertainty is assumed to enter multiplicatively in system dynamics through input and output channels of the plant .	We used the mean square notion for stochastic stability to address the analysis and controller synthesis problems of linear network systems .	These results generalize existing results on stability analysis and controller synthesis from discrete-time linear systems to continuous-time linear systems with multiplicative uncertainty .	Necessary , sufficient conditions for mean square stability are expressed in terms of the input-output property of deterministic or nominal system dynamics captured by the mean square system norm and variance of channel uncertainty .
+3	We show that the non-local encoding does not provide a significantly longer coherence time than the local encoding .	In order to increase the coherence time of topological quantum memories in systems with Majorana zero modes , it has recently been proposed to encode the logical qubit states in non-local Majorana operators which are immune to localized excitations involving the unpaired Majorana modes .	In this encoding , a logical error only happens when the quasi-particles , subsequent to their excitation , travel a distance of the order of the spacing between the Majorana modes .	Here , we study the decay time of a quantum memory encoded in a clean topological nanowire interacting with an environment with a particular emphasis on the propagation of the quasi-particles above the gap .	In particular , the characteristic speed of propagation is of the order of the Fermi velocity of the nanowire and not given by the much slower group velocity of quasi-particles which are excited just above the gap .
+0	In this paper we numerically study the behavior of the density power spectrum in turbulent thermally bistable flows .	We analyze a set of five three-dimensional simulations where turbulence is randomly driven in Fourier space at a fixed wave-number and with different Mach numbers M ( with respect to the warm medium ) ranging from 0.2 to 4.5 .	The density power spectrum becomes shallower as M increases and the same is true for the column density power spectrum .	This trend is interpreted as a consequence of the simultaneous turbulent compressions , thermal instability generated density fluctuations , and the weakening of thermal pressure force in diffuse gas .	This behavior is consistent with the fact that observationally determined spectra exhibit different slopes in different regions .
+4	A 95 % confidence level combined lower limit is set on the mass of a first generation scalar leptoquark at 340 GeV for beta=0.5 , where beta is the branching fraction of the leptoquark to an electron and a quark .	A search for pair-production of first generation scalar leptoquarks is performed in the final state containing an electron , a neutrino , and at least two jets using proton-proton collision data at sqrt ( s ) =7 TeV .	The data were collected by the CMS detector at the LHC , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns .	The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions for standard model processes .	Prior CMS results in the dielectron channel are combined with this electron+neutrino search .
+0	A geometrical model of electric charge is proposed .	This model has `` naked '' charge screened with a `` fur - coat '' consisting of virtual wormholes .	The 5D wormhole solution in the Kaluza - Klein theory is the `` naked '' charge .	The splitting off of the 5D dimension happens on the two spheres ( null surfaces ) bounding this 5D wormhole .	This allows one to sew two Reissner - Nordstr\ '' om black holes onto it on both sides .
+2	Let L^ & lt ; denote the first order language with predicates equality ( x=y ) , adjacency ( x~y ) and less than ( x & lt ; y ) .	Let G_ & lt ; ( n , p ) denote the usual random graph G ( n , p ) on a totally ordered set of n vertices .	We will fix p=1/2 for definiteness .	For any sentence A in L^ & lt ; let f_A ( n ) denote the probability that the random G_ & lt ; ( n , p ) has property A .	It is known Compton , Henson and Shelah [ CHSh:245 ] that there are A for which f_A ( n ) does not converge .
+4	The small difference between the simultaneous fit and the one for HERA data alone suggests that the AGBS model describes very well both kind of processes and thus emerges as a good tool to investigate the inclusive hadron production data .	We show how the AGBS model , originally developed for deep inelastic scattering applied to HERA data on the proton structure function , can also describe the RHIC data on single inclusive hadron yield for $ d+Au $ and $ p+p $ collisions through a new simultaneous fit .	The single inclusive hadron production is modeled through the color glass condensate , which uses the quark ( and gluon ) -- condensate amplitudes in momentum space .	The AGBS model is also a momentum space model based on the asymptotic solutions of the BK equation , although a different definition of the Fourier transform is used .	This aspect is overcome and a description entirely in transverse momentum of both processes arises for the first time .
+1	We study the neutrino-nucleon cross section in these models .	If there are large extra dimensions and the fundamental Planck scale is at the TeV scale , then the question arises of whether ultra-high energy cosmic rays might probe them .	The elastic forward scattering is analyzed in some detail , hoping to clarify earlier discussions .	We also estimate the black hole production rate .	We study energy loss from graviton mediated interactions and conclude that they can not explain the cosmic ray events above the GZK energy limit .
+4	It allows to define topological ( strongly coupled ) Liouville string theories ( without transverse degree of freedom ) which are completely solvable , and are natural extensions of the standard matrix models .	The strong coupling physics of two dimensional gravity at $ C=7 $ , $ 13 $ , $ 19 $ is summarized .	It is based on a new set of local fields which do not preserve chirality .	Thus this quantum number becomes `` deconfined '' in the strongly coupled regime .	This new set leads to a novel definition of the area elements , and hence to a modified expression for the string suceptibility , which the real part of the KPZ formula .
+0	We consider a family of Leray- $ \alpha $ models with periodic boundary conditions in three space dimensions .	Such models are a regularization , with respect to a parameter $ \theta $ , of the Navier-Stokes equations .	In particular , they share with the original equation ( NS ) the property of existence of global weak solutions .	We establish an upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension of the time singular set of those weak solutions when $ \theta $ is subcritical .	The result is an interpolation between the bound proved by Scheffer for the Navier-Stokes equations and the regularity result proved in \cite { A01 } .
+4	The second mode does not diverge , but has a jump at Tc , defined uniquely by the strength of interband interaction .	In a two-band superconductor , two qualitatively different fluctuation modes related to the gap modules contribute to free energy and heat capacity , in addition to the phase fluctuations .	The first mode has divergent temperature behaviour since it accounts for the critical fluctuations around the phase transition point , Tc , along with pseudo-critical ones associated with former instability of the weaker-superconductivity component .	The involvement of these two factors , competing under interband interaction , results in the Ginzburg number which increases with Tc non-monotonically , allowing the reduction up to 75 % .	This makes fluctuations effective for revealing additional superconducting component in the system .
+1	The depression of Tc with increasing SiC doping level remained rather small due to the counterbalanced effect of Si and C co-doping .	The nano-SiC doped MgB2/Fe wires were fabricated using a powder-in-tube method and an in-situ reaction process .	The high level SiC co-doping allowed creation of the intra-grain defects and nano-inclusions , which act as effective pinning centers , resulting in a substantial enhancement in the Jc ( H ) performance .	The transport Jc for all the wires is comparable to the magnetic Jc at higher fields despite the low density of the samples and percolative nature of current .	The transport Ic for the 10wt % SiC doped MgB2/Fe reached 660A at 5K and 4.5T ( Jc = 133,000A/cm2 ) and 540A at 20K and 2T ( Jc = 108,000A/cm2 ) .
+0	We reply to a recent comment by Diehl and Shpot ( cond-mat/0305131 ) criticizing a new approach to the Lifshitz critical behavior just presented ( M. M. Leite Phys.Rev .	B 67 , 104415 ( 2003 ) ) .	We show that this approach is free of inconsistencies in the ultraviolet regime .	We recall that the orthogonal approximation employed to solve arbitrary loop diagrams worked out at the criticized paper even at three-loop level is consistent with homogeneity for arbitrary loop momenta .	We show that the criticism is incorrect .
+3	For uncorrelated electrons , the present finding coincides with the so-called `` single-point Berry phase '' formula , which can hardly be regarded as the approximation of a continuum integral , and is computationally very useful for disordered systems .	The position operator ( defined within Schroedinger representation as usual ) becomes meaningless when the usual Born-von Karman periodic boundary conditions are adopted : this fact is at the root of the polarization problem .	I show how to define the position expectation value by means of rather peculiar many-body ( multiplicative ) operator acting on the wavefunction of the extended system .	This definition can be regarded as the generalization of a precursor work , apparently unrelated to the polarization problem .	Simulations which are based on this concept are being performed by several groups .
+2	It is seen that pure states represented by a wave functional are time symmetric .	This paper studies the time-symmetry problem in quantum gravity .	The issue depends critically on the choice of the quantum state and has been considered in this paper by restricting to the case of quantum wormholes .	However , a maximal analytic extension of the wormhole manifold is found that corresponds to a mixed state describable by a nondegenerate density-matrix functional that involves an extra quantum uncertainty for the three-metric , and is free from the divergences encountered so far in statistical states formulated in quantum gravity .	It is then argued that , relative to one asymptotic region , the statistical quantum state of single Euclidean wormholes in semiclassical approximation is time-asymmetric and gives rise to a { \it topological } arrow of time which will reflect in the set of all quantum fields at low energies of the asymptotic flat region ( To appear in Int.J . Mod.Phys.D )
+3	In contrast , Sly showed that for all $ \Delta\geq 3 $ , there exists $ \epsilon_\Delta & gt ; 0 $ such that ( unless RP=NP ) there is no FPRAS for approximating the partition function on graphs of maximum degree $ \Delta $ for activities $ \lambda $ satisfying $ \lambda_c ( T_\Delta ) & lt ; \lambda & lt ; \lambda_c ( T_\Delta ) +\epsilon_\Delta $ .	Recent inapproximability results of Sly ( 2010 ) , together with an approximation algorithm presented by Weitz ( 2006 ) establish a beautiful picture for the computational complexity of approximating the partition function of the hard-core model .	Let $ \lambda_c ( T_\Delta ) $ denote the critical activity for the hard-model on the infinite $ \Delta $ -regular tree .	Weitz presented an FPTAS for the partition function when $ \lambda & lt ; \lambda_c ( T_\Delta ) $ for graphs with constant maximum degree $ \Delta $ .	We prove that a similar phenomenon holds for the antiferromagnetic Ising model .
+0	In this paper we present in detail the methodology and the first results of a ground-based program to determine the absolute proper motion of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy .	The proper motion was determined using bona-fide Fornax star members measured with respect to a fiducial at-rest background spectroscopically confirmed Quasar , \qso .	Our homogeneous measurements , based on this one Quasar gives a value of ( \mua , \mud ) $ = ( 0.64 \pm 0.08 , -0.01 \pm 0.11 ) $ \masy .	There are only two other ( astrometric ) determinations for the transverse motion of Fornax : one based on a combination of plates and HST data , and another ( of higher internal precision ) based on HST data .	We show that our proper motion errors are similar to those derived from HST measurements on individual QSOs .
+1	We then invoke the self-consistency principle to define our wavelet estimators in the presence of incomplete data .	Inspired by the key principle behind the EM algorithm , we propose a general methodology for conducting wavelet estimation with irregularly-spaced data by viewing the data as the observed portion of an augmented regularly-spaced data set .	Major advantages of this approach include : ( i ) it can be coupled with almost any wavelet shrinkage methods , ( ii ) it can deal with non -- Gaussian or correlated noise , and ( iii ) it can automatically handle other kinds of missing or incomplete observations .	We also develop a multiple-imputation algorithm and fast EM-type algorithms for computing or approximating such estimates .	Results from numerical experiments suggest that our algorithms produce favorite results when comparing to several common methods , and therefore we hope these empirical findings would motivate subsequent theoretical investigations .
+2	We observe that very quickly the mode amplitudes settle into quasi-stationary states .	The nonlinear saturation of the r-mode instability and its effects on the spin evolution of Low Mass X-ray Binaries ( LMXBs ) are modeled using the triplet of modes at the lowest parametric instability threshold .	We solve numerically the coupled equations for the three mode amplitudes in conjunction with the spin and temperature evolution equations .	Once these states are reached , the mode amplitudes can be found algebraically and the system of equations is reduced from eight to two equations : spin and temperature evolution .	Eventually , the system may reach thermal equilibrium and either ( 1 ) undergo a cyclic evolution with a frequency change of at most 10 % , ( 2 ) evolve toward a full equilibrium state in which the accretion torque balances the gravitational radiation emission , or ( 3 ) enter a thermogravitational runaway on a very long timescale of about $ 10^6 $ years .
+3	We propose a more flexible model , namely the Weighted Schatten $ p $ -Norm Minimization ( WSNM ) , to generalize the NNM to the Schatten $ p $ -norm minimization with weights assigned to different singular values .	Low rank matrix approximation ( LRMA ) , which aims to recover the underlying low rank matrix from its degraded observation , has a wide range of applications in computer vision .	The latest LRMA methods resort to using the nuclear norm minimization ( NNM ) as a convex relaxation of the nonconvex rank minimization .	However , NNM tends to over-shrink the rank components and treats the different rank components equally , limiting its flexibility in practical applications .	The proposed WSNM not only gives better approximation to the original low-rank assumption , but also considers the importance of different rank components .
+1	Using the kinetic equation with constant relaxation time , an analytical expression for the current density is obtained .	We report on theoretical analysis of large amplitude current dynamics due to Bragg reflections in carbon nanotubes exposed to an external electric field .	Our results suggest that Bloch gain exists up to frequencies on the order of the Bloch frequency .	We noted that due to the high density of states of conduction electrons in metallic carbon nanotubes and the specific dispersion law inherent in hexagonal crystalline structure result in a uniquely high frequency gain than the corresponding values for semiconducting ones .	We suggest that this phenomenon can be used for domainless multiplication of the frequency of an electromagnetic signal at room temperature
+4	The nature of the 51 Oph system is still a mystery to be solved .	We present interferometric observations of the Be star 51 Ophiuchi .	These observations were obtained during the science demonstration phase of the MIDI instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer ( VLTI ) .	Using MIDI , a Michelson 2 beam combiner that operates at the N band ( 8 to 13 microns ) , we obtained for the first time observations of 51 Oph in the mid-infrared at high-angular resolution .	It is currently known that this object presents a circumstellar dust and gas disk that shows a very different composition from other Herbig Ae disks .
+3	We develop a subgrid-scale ( SGS ) model for DDTs in thermonuclear supernova simulations that is consistent with the currently known constraints .	A promising model for normal Type Ia supernova ( SN Ia ) explosions are delayed detonations of Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs , in which the burning starts out as a subsonic deflagration and turns at a later phase of the explosion into a supersonic detonation .	The mechanism of the underlying deflagration-to-detonation transition ( DDT ) is unknown in detail , but necessary conditions have been determined recently .	The region of detonation initiation can not be spatially resolved in multi-dimensional full-star simulations of the explosion .	The probability for a DDT to occur is calculated from the distribution of turbulent velocities measured on the grid scale in the vicinity of the flame and the fractal flame surface area that satisfies further physical constraints , such as fuel fraction and fuel density .
+0	We report on the work presented in Phys.Lett .	B712 ( 2012 ) 97 , where a new one-parameter family of Landau gauges has been proposed for Yang-Mills theories , inspired by an analogy with disordered systems in condensed matter physics .	This is based on a particular average over Gribov copies which avoids the Neuberger zero problem of the standard Fadeev-Popov construction .	The proposed gauge fixing can be formulated as a local renormalizable field theory in four dimensions and is well-suited for analytical calculations .	A remarkable feature is that , for what concerns the calculation of ghost and gauge field correlators , the gauged-fixed action is perturbatively equivalent to a simple massive extension of the Faddeev-Popov action .
+1	\pm 0.103 ( \mathrm { sys .	Using 2.92~fb $ ^ { -1 } $ of electron-positron annihilation data collected at $ \sqrt { s } = 3.773 $ ~GeV with the BESIII detector , we obtain the first measurements of the absolute branching fraction $ \mathcal { B } ( D^+ \to K^0_L e^+ \nu_e ) = ( 4.481 \pm 0.027 ( \mathrm { stat . } )	} ) ) \ % $ and the $ CP $ asymmetry $ A_ { CP } ^ { D^+ \to K^0_L e^+ \nu_e } = ( -0.59 \pm 0.60 ( \mathrm { stat . } )	\pm 1.48 ( \mathrm { sys . } ) ) \ % $ .	From the $ D^+ \to K^0_L e^+ \nu_e $ differential decay rate distribution , the product of the hadronic form factor and the magnitude of the CKM matrix element , $ f_ { + } ^ { K } ( 0 ) |V_ { cs } | $ , is determined to be $ 0.728 \pm 0.006 ( \mathrm { stat . } )
+0	We present a computational investigation on the slow dynamics of a mixture of large and small soft spheres .	By varying the size disparity at a moderate fixed composition different relaxation scenarios are observed for the small particles .	For small disparity density-density correlators exhibit moderate stretching .	Only small quantitative differences are observed between dynamic features for large and small particles .	On the contrary , large disparity induces a clear time scale separation between the large and the small particles .
+2	The conductivity is treated as a tensor and assumed constant with height .	We present a linear analysis of the vertical structure and growth of the magnetorotational instability in stratified , weakly ionised accretion discs , such as protostellar and quiescent dwarf novae systems .	The method includes the effects of the magnetic coupling , the conductivity regime of the fluid and the strength of the magnetic field , which is initially vertical .	We obtained solutions for the structure and growth rate of global unstable modes for different conductivity regimes , strengths of the initial magnetic field and coupling between ionised and neutral components of the fluid .	The envelopes of short-wavelenght perturbations are determined by the action of competing local growth rates at different heights , driven by the vertical stratification of the disc .
+4	We compute the time evolution of spin variables in various conditions .	The Rabi model considers a two-level system ( or spin-1/2 ) coupled to a quantized harmonic oscillator and describes the simplest interaction between matter and light .	The recent experimental progress in solid-state circuit quantum electrodynamics has engendered theoretical efforts to quantitatively describe the mathematical and physical aspects of the light-matter interaction beyond the rotating wave approximation .	We develop a stochastic Schr\ '' { o } dinger equation approach which enables us to access the strong-coupling limit of the Rabi model and study the effects of dissipation , and AC drive in an exact manner .	We include the effect of ohmic noise on the non-Markovian spin dynamics resulting in Kondo-type correlations , as well as cavity losses .
+1	These properties make it ideal for efficient photon number state detection .	The Visible Light Photon Counter ( VLPC ) features high quantum efficiency and low pulse height dispersion .	The ability to perform efficient photon number state detection is important in many quantum information processing applications , including recent proposals for performing quantum computation with linear optical elements .	In this paper we investigate the unique capabilities of the VLPC .	The efficiency of the detector and cryogenic system is measured at 543nm wavelengths to be 85 % .
+0	We derive conservation and balance laws for the translational gauge theory of dislocations by applying Noether 's theorem .	We present an improved translational gauge theory of dislocations including the dislocation density tensor and the dislocation current tensor .	The invariance of the variational principle under the continuous group of transformations is studied .	Through Lie's-infinitesimal invariance criterion we obtain conserved translational and rotational currents for the total Lagrangian made up of an elastic and dislocation part .	We calculate the broken scaling current .
+2	Here the modular category framework does not apply and we use the `` universal construction '' .	We construct and study a new family of TQFTs based on nilpotent highest weight representations of quantum sl ( 2 ) at a root of unity indexed by generic complex numbers .	This extends to cobordisms the non-semi-simple invariants defined in ( arXiv:1202.3553 ) including the Kashaev invariant of links .	Our TQFT provides a monoidal functor from a category of surfaces and their cobordisms into the category of graded finite dimensional vector spaces and their degree 0-morphisms and depends on the choice of a root of unity of order 2r .	The functor is always symmetric monoidal but for even values of r the braiding on GrVect has to be the super-symmetric one , thus our TQFT may be considered as a super-TQFT .
+4	Besides , we determine the type of the von Neumann factors generated by GNS representation associated with translation invariant or periodic quantum Markov states .	We clarify the meaning of diagonalizability of quantum Markov states .	Then , we prove that each non homogeneous quantum Markov state is diagonalizable .	Namely , for each Markov state $ \phi $ on the spin algebra $ A : = { \bar { \otimes_ { j\in Z } M_ { d_ { j } } } ^ { C^ { * } } } $ there exists a suitable maximal Abelian subalgebra $ D\subset A $ , a Umegaki conditional expectation $ E : A\mapsto D $ and a Markov measure $ \mu $ on $ spec ( D ) $ such that $ \phi=\phi_ { \mu } \circ E $ , the Markov state $ \phi_ { \mu } $ , being the state on $ D $ arising from the measure $ \mu $ .	An analogous result is true for non homogeneous quantum processes based on the forward or the backward chain .
+4	Remarkably , only the question related to quantum discord can be answered without resorting to full state tomography .	Entanglement is at the heart of most quantum information tasks , and therefore considerable effort has been made to find methods of deciding the entanglement content of a given bipartite quantum state .	Here , we prove a fundamental limitation to deciding if an unknown state is entangled or not : we show that any quantum measurement which can answer this question necessarily gives enough information to identify the state completely .	Therefore , only prior information regarding the state can make entanglement detection less expensive than full state tomography in terms of the demanded quantum resources .	We also extend our treatment to other classes of correlated states by considering the problem of deciding if a state is NPT , discordant , or fully classically correlated .
+3	Results demonstrate that steps of longest-path attacks increase with network density linearly for random networks , while exponentially increasing for scale-free networks .	We investigate the longest-path attacks on complex networks .	Specifically , we remove approximately the longest simple path from a network iteratively until there are no paths left in the network .	We propose two algorithms , the random augmenting approach ( RPA ) and the Hamilton-path based approach ( HPA ) , for finding the approximately longest simple path in a network .	The more homogeneous the degree distribution is , the more fragile the network , which is totally different from the previous results of node or edge attacks .
+1	We find 56 new clusters , and compile a total sample of 103 velocities combined with previous data .	We present preliminary results of 2dF spectroscopy of globular clusters in The Sombrero ( M104 ) .	Our 2dF data extend out to 20 arcmin radius ( ~50 kpc ) , much further than previous studies .	In the combined sample , we tentatively find a steep drop in the velocity dispersion with radius , which might possibly indicate a truncated halo .	There is no obvious solid-body rotation over all radii , but separate fits for those clusters inside and outside 25 kpc radius show tantalizing evidence for counter-rotation .
+4	Furthermore , the interplay of the Aharonov-Bohm phases and of the non-Abelian phases introduced by spin-orbit coupling , is discussed in a number of cases .	We present a formalism to study quantum networks made up by single-channel quantum wires in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field .	In particular , linear transport through one-dimensional and two-dimensional finite-size networks is studied by means of the scattering formalism .	In some particular quantum networks , the action of the magnetic field or of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling induces localization of the electron wave function .	This phenomenon , which relies on both the quantum-mechanical interference and the geometry of the network , is manifested through the suppression of the conductance for specific values of the spin-orbit-coupling strength or of the magnetic field .
+3	\cite { Fisher } is obtained and the results , in remarkable quantitative correspondence with the results available for larger systems , discussed .	Properties of bosonic atoms in small systems with a periodic quasi one-dimensional circular toroidal lattice potential subjected to rotation are examined by performing exact diagonalization in a truncated many body space .	The expansion of the many-body Hamiltonian is considered in terms of the first band Bloch functions , and no assumption regarding restriction to nearest-neighbor hopping ( tight-binding approximation ) is involved .	A finite size version of the zero temperature phase diagrams of Fisher et al .	Ground state properties relating to superfluidity are examined in the context of two-fluid phenomenology .
+3	At the same time we give a classification of all Hamiltonian covers of a given symplectic group action .	For symplectic group actions which are not Hamiltonian there are two ways to define reduction .	Firstly using the cylinder-valued momentum map and secondly lifting the action to any Hamiltonian cover ( such as the universal cover ) , and then performing symplectic reduction in the usual way .	We show that provided the action is free and proper , and the Hamiltonian holonomy associated to the action is closed , the natural projection from the latter to the former is a symplectic cover .	The main properties of the lifting of a group action to a cover are studied .
+3	However , the Kadowaki-Woods ratio of CsNi $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 2 } $ was estimated to be about 0.041 $ \times $ 10 $ ^ { -5 } $ $ \mu\Omega $ $ \cdot $ cm ( mol $ \cdot $ K/mJ ) $ ^ { 2 } $ , indicating the absence of strong electron-electron correlations in this compound .	The physical properties of CsNi $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 2 } $ were characterized by electrical resistivity , magnetization and specific heat measurements .	We found that the stoichiometric CsNi $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 2 } $ compound is a superconductor with a transition temperature \textit { T $ _ { c } $ } =2.7K .	A large Sommerfeld coefficient $ \gamma $ $ _ { n } $ ( $ \sim $ 77.90 mJ/mol $ \cdot $ K $ ^ { -2 } $ ) , was obtained from the normal state electronic specific heat .	In the superconducting state , we found that the zero-field electronic specific heat data , $ C_ { es } ( T ) $ ( 0.5K $ \leq $ T $ & lt ; $ 2.6K ) , can be well fitted with a two-gap BCS model .
+3	These results are corroborated by numerical simulations and optical refraction experiments on a double-periodic Ag/TiO2 multilayer metamaterial prism in the 380-600 nm spectral range , which show that positive refraction associated with right-handed harmonics dominates .	We study the propagation of light in a three-dimensional double-periodic Ag/TiO2 multilayer metamaterial composed of coupled plasmonic waveguides operating in the visible and UV spectral range .	For these frequencies , light propagation in the plane of the waveguides is described by a negative phase velocity , while for the orthogonal direction light propagation is described by a Bloch wave composed of a large number of harmonics .	As a result , the material can not generally be described by a single phase index : decomposing the Bloch wave into different harmonics we show that for the wavelength range of interest the positive index m=1 harmonic dominates the propagation of light in the orthogonal direction .	Studying the isofrequency contours we find that despite the occurrence of multiple harmonics the double-periodic structure can act as a flat lens : for a slab consisting of an integer number of unit cells all harmonics are degenerate and constructively interfere at the image plane .
+3	Two different strategies are proposed to build the prior - an intrinsic GMRF , with a stationary relationship between pixels and a heterogeneous intrinsic GMRF , with a differently weighted relationship between pixels classified as molecules and background .	Single molecule fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technique for uncovering detailed information about biological systems , both in vitro and in vivo .	In such experiments , the inherently low signal to noise ratios mean that accurate algorithms to separate true signal and background noise are essential to generate meaningful results .	To this end , we have developed a new and robust method to reduce noise in single molecule fluorescence images by using a Gaussian Markov Random Field ( GMRF ) prior in a Bayesian framework .	Testing with synthetic and real experimental fluorescence images demonstrates that the heterogeneous intrinsic GMRF is superior to other conventional de-noising approaches .
+2	109 , 225002 ( 2012 ) ] .	The interaction of two lasers with a difference frequency near that of the ambient plasma frequency produces beat waves that can resonantly accelerate thermal electrons .	These beat waves can be used to drive electron current and thereby embed magnetic fields into the plasma [ D. R. Welch et al. , Phys.Rev.Lett .	In this paper , we present two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of the beat-wave current-drive process over a wide range of angles between the injected lasers , laser intensities , and plasma densities .	We discuss the application of this technique to the magnetization of dense plasmas , motivated in particular by the problem of forming high-beta plasma targets in a standoff manner for magneto-inertial fusion .
+2	Plasma effects for all bosons are also included .	We study the spontaneous CP breaking at finite temperature in the Higgs sector in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with a gauge singlet .	We consider the contribution of the standard model particles and that of stops , charginos , neutralinos , charged and neutral Higgs boson to the one-loop effective potential .	Assuming CP conservation at zero temperature , so that experimental constraints coming from , { \it e.g . } , the electric dipole moment of the neutron are avoided , and the electroweak phase transition to be of the first order and proceeding via bubble nucleation , we show that spontaneous CP breaking can not occur inside the bubble mainly due to large effects coming from the Higgs sector .	However , spontaneous CP breaking can be present in the region of interest for the generation of the baryon asymmetry , namely inside the bubble wall .
+3	The first ones are two representative P2P overlays ( CAN and Pas- try ) and the others are specific implementations of \Omega ( the leader oracle ) and one-shot query abstractions for dynamic settings .	This paper aims at providing a rigorous definition of self- organization , one of the most desired properties for dynamic systems ( e.g. , peer-to-peer systems , sensor networks , cooperative robotics , or ad-hoc networks ) .	We characterize different classes of self-organization through liveness and safety properties that both capture information re- garding the system entropy .	We illustrate these classes through study cases .	Our study aims at understanding the limits and respective power of existing self-organized protocols and lays the basis of designing robust algorithm for dynamic systems .
+3	Based on this model , we aim to propose a distributed protocol that improves the spectrum efficiency of the system , which is measured in terms of the weighted proportional fairness among the throughputs of clients , and reduces the cost of energy .	This paper studies the problem of self-organizing heterogeneous LTE systems .	We propose a model that jointly considers several important characteristics of heterogeneous LTE system , including the usage of orthogonal frequency division multiple access ( OFDMA ) , the frequency-selective fading for each link , the interference among different links , and the different transmission capabilities of different types of base stations .	We also consider the cost of energy by taking into account the power consumption , including that for wireless transmission and that for operation , of base stations and the price of energy .	We identify that there are several important components involved in this problem .
+0	In this talk , I shall address two key issues related to electroweak symmetry breaking .	First , how fine-tuned different models are that trigger this phenomenon ?	Second , even if a light Higgs boson exists , does it have to be necessarily elementary ?	After a brief introduction , I shall first review the fine-tuning aspects of the MSSM , NMSSM , generalized NMSSM and GMSB scenarios .	I shall then compare and contrast the little Higgs , composite Higgs and the Higgsless models .
+4	It therefore always has the same value as for a single massive field .	We carry out numerical investigations of the dynamics and perturbations in the Nflation model of Dimopoulos et al . ( 2005 ) .	This model features large numbers of scalar fields with different masses , which can cooperate to drive inflation according to the assisted inflation mechanism .	We extend previous work to include random initial conditions for the scalar fields , and explore the predictions for density perturbations and the tensor-to-scalar ratio .	The tensor-to-scalar ratio depends only on the number of e-foldings and is independent of the number of fields , their masses , and their initial conditions .
+3	Here we present a personal summary of the main results and presentations .	The workshop `` The Helicity Structure of the Nucleon '' ( BNL June 5 , 2006 ) was organized as part of the 2006 RHIC & amp ; AGS Users ' Meeting to review the status of the spin problem and future directions .	The presentations can be found at http : //www.phenix.bnl.gov/WWW/publish/caidala/UsersHelicityWorkshop2006/ .	Recent data suggests small polarized glue and strangeness in the proton .	What is new and exciting in the data , and what might this tell us about the structure of the proton ?
+1	Variation in a planet 's mineralogy subsequently affects planetary mantle dynamics as well as any deep water or carbon cycle .	The proportions of oxygen , carbon and major rock-forming elements ( e.g.Mg , Fe , Si ) determine a planet 's dominant mineralogy .	Through thermodynamic models and high pressure diamond anvil cell experiments , we demonstrate the oxidation potential of C is above that of Fe at all pressures and temperatures indicative of 0.1 - 2 Earth-mass planets .	This means that for a planet with ( Mg+2Si+Fe+2C ) /O & gt ; 1 , excess C in the mantle will be in the form of diamond .	We model the general dynamic state of planets as a function of interior temperature , carbon composition , and size , showing that above a critical threshold of $ \sim $ 3 atom % C , limited to no mantle convection will be present assuming an Earth-like geotherm .
+3	These rational Shi tableaux encode dominant $ p $ -stable elements in the affine symmetric group .	We define two refinements of the skew length statistic on simultaneous core partitions .	The first one relies on hook lengths and is used to prove a refined version of the theorem stating that the skew length is invariant under conjugation of the core .	The second one is equivalent to a generalisation of Shi tableaux to the rational level of Catalan combinatorics .	We prove that the rational Shi tableau is injective , that is , each dominant $ p $ -stable affine permutation is determined uniquely by its Shi tableau .
+0	Tumors are defined by their intense proliferation , but sometimes cancer cells turn senescent and stop replicating .	In the stochastic cancer model in which all cells are tumorigenic , senescence is seen as the result of random mutations , suggesting that it could represent a barrier to tumor growth .	In the hierarchical cancer model a subset of the cells , the cancer stem cells , divide indefinitely while other cells eventually turn senescent .	Here we formulate cancer growth in mathematical terms and obtain predictions for the evolution of senescence .	We perform experiments in human melanoma cells which are compatible with the hierarchical model and show that senescence is a reversible process controlled by survivin .
+4	The specific limiting value is located within a tighter range , due to the sharper discrimination between stability and instability by the MHD description .	The structure of the coronal magnetic field prior to eruptive processes and the conditions for the onset of eruption are important issues that can be addressed through studying the magnetohydrodynamic stability and evolution of nonlinear force-free field ( NLFFF ) models .	This paper uses data-constrained NLFFF models of a solar active region that erupted on 2010 April 8 as initial condition in MHD simulations .	These models , constructed with the techniques of flux rope insertion and magnetofrictional relaxation , include a stable , an approximately marginally stable , and an unstable configuration .	The simulations confirm previous related results of magnetofrictional relaxation runs , in particular that stable flux rope equilibria represent key features of the observed pre-eruption coronal structure very well and that there is a limiting value of the axial flux in the rope for the existence of stable NLFFF equilibria .
+4	As an illustration we present an example of oscillating dark energy .	We consider Friedmann-Lema\^ { \i } tre-Robertson-Walker flat cosmological models in the framework of general Jordan frame scalar-tensor theories of gravity with arbitrary coupling function and potential .	For the era when the cosmological energy density of the scalar potential dominates over the energy density of ordinary matter , we use a nonlinear approximation of the decoupled scalar field equation for the regime close to the so-called limit of general relativity where the local weak field constraints are satisfied .	We give the solutions in cosmological time with a particular attention to the classes of models asymptotically approaching general relativity .	The latter can be subsumed under two types : ( i ) exponential convergence , and ( ii ) damped oscillations around general relativity .
+1	We adopt in our simulations a heating parameter described by gamma , which is responsible for the thermal acceleration of the wind .	By means of self-consistent 3D MHD numerical simulations , we analyze magnetized solar-like stellar winds and their dependence on the plasma-beta parameter .	We analyze winds with polar magnetic field intensities ranging from 1 to 20G .	We show that the wind structure presents characteristics that are similar to the solar coronal wind .	The steady-state magnetic field topology for all cases is similar , presenting a configuration of helmet streamer-type , with zones of closed field lines and open field lines coexisting .
+0	Bloom filter ( BF ) based forwarding is an effective approach to implement scalable multicasting in distributed systems .	The forwarding BF carried by each packet can encode either multicast tree or destination IP addresses , which are termed as tree oriented approach ( TOA ) and destination oriented approach ( DOA ) , respectively .	Recent studies have indicated that TOA based protocols have serious vulnerabilities under some distributed denial-of-service ( DDoS ) attacks , and raised doubt about deployability of BF based multicasting .	However , security analysis for DOA based protocols is still unavailable .	In this paper , we present a systematic analysis of security performance of BF based multicasting .
+2	The Ney-Allen nebula surrounding the OB star theta 1 Ori d exhibits a ring or toroidal structure at the longest wavelengths .	We describe multi-wavelength ( 8 -- 20 micron ) , diffraction-limited , mid-infrared images of the OMC-1 cloud core in Orion , covering an approximately two arcminute area around the Trapezium and BN/KL regions .	We have detected mid-infrared emission at the locations of a subset of the previously identified proplyds in the Orion Nebula along with two new infrared sources .	The BN/KL complex appears as an extended , butterfly-shaped structure with significant bipolar symmetry which is bifurcated by a dust lane at the longer wavelengths .	The infrared sources IRc3 , 4 , and 5 give the appearance of a ring-like structure with a possible jet-like protrusion from its center along a line from IRc2 .
+0	We propose a full-wave pseudo-analytical numerical electromagnetic ( EM ) algorithm to model subsurface induction sensors , traversing planar-layered geological formations of arbitrary EM material anisotropy and loss , which are used , for example , in the exploration of hydrocarbon reserves .	Unlike past pseudo-analytical planar-layered modeling algorithms that impose parallelism between the formation 's bed junctions however , our method involves judicious employment of Transformation Optics techniques to address challenges related to modeling relative slope ( i.e. , tilting ) between said junctions ( including arbitrary azimuth orientation of each junction ) .	The algorithm exhibits this flexibility , both with respect to loss and anisotropy in the formation layers as well as junction tilting , via employing special planar slabs that coat each `` flattened '' ( i.e. , originally tilted ) planar interface , locally redirecting the incident wave within the coating slabs to cause wave fronts to interact with the flattened interfaces as if they were still tilted with a specific , user-defined orientation .	Moreover , since the coating layers are homogeneous rather than exhibiting continuous material variation , a minimal number of these layers must be inserted and hence reduces added simulation time and computational expense .	As said coating layers are not reflectionless however , they do induce artificial field scattering that corrupts legitimate field signatures due to the ( effective ) interface tilting .
+4	The liquid phase is formed by the repulsive interaction between the dipolar excitons , and exhibits a short range order , which is manifested in the photoluminescence lineshape .	Excitons in semiconductors may form correlated phases at low temperatures .	We report the observation of an exciton liquid in GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells .	Above a critical density and below a critical temperature the photogenerated electrons and holes separate into two phases , an electron-hole plasma and an exciton liquid , with a clear sharp boundary between them .	The two phases are characterized by distinct photoluminescence spectra and by different electrical conductance .
+2	A proposal due to Peres of how such difficulties could be removed is reformulated and extended .	The paper describes a solution to the problem of quantum measurement that has been proposed recently .	The literal understanding of the basic rule of quantum mechanics on identical particles violates the cluster separation principle and so leads to difficulties .	Cluster separability leads to a locality requirement on observables and to the key notion of separation status .	Separation status of a microsystem is shown to change in preparation and registration processes .
+4	In particular , we have used archival spectroscopic data , to derive the metallicity in the ring : we found a very low , sub-solar average value of Z = 0.3 Zsun , comparable with other polar ring/disk galaxies , but lower than those measured for ordinary spirals of similar luminosity .	VGS31b is a highly-inclined ring galaxy found along a filament in a void ( Kreckel et al.2012 ) .	Detailed photometry , by using u , g , r , i , z SDSS images , has shown that the overall morphology of VGS31b is very tricky , due to ( i ) the presence of a highly inclined ( 72 deg ) ring-like structure , which reaches the galaxy center tracing a `` spiral-like '' pattern , ( ii ) a one sided tail towards North-East and ( iii ) a bar in the central regions ( Beygu et al.2013 ) .	Such structure is reasonably the result of a `` second event '' in the evolution history of this galaxy , which could be a gravitational interaction with a companion galaxy or with the environment .	The main aim of the present work is to address the most reliable formation scenario for this object , by comparing the observed properties , i.e.structure , baryonic mass , kinematics and chemical abundances , with the theoretical predictions .
+0	Longitudinal and transverse behavior of magnetic field of relativistic nonlinear three-dimensional plasma wave is investigated .	It is shown that the magnetic field of the wave is different from zero and performs higher frequency oscillations compared to the plasma electron frequency .	An increase in the nonlinearity leads to strengthening of magnetic field .	The oscillations of magnetic field in transverse direction arise , that caused by the phase front curving of nonlinear plasma wave .	The numerical results well conform with predictions of the analytical consideration of weakly-nonlinear case .
+3	Two types of the host-guest structures have been found so far : with the host cells containing 8 atoms and 16 atoms ; in these both types the guest cells contain 2 atoms .	Discovery of the incommensurate structure in the element Ba under pressure 15 years ago was followed by findings of a series of similar structures in other compressed elements .	Incommensurately modulated structures of the host-guest type consist of a tetragonal host structure and a guest structure .	The guest structure forms chains of atoms embedded in the channels of host atoms so that the axial ratio of these subcells along the c axis is not rational .	These crystal structures contain a non-integer number of atom in their unit cell : tI11* in Bi , Sb , As , Ba , Sr , Sc and tI19* in Na , K , Rb .
+2	By using the dominant-reaction pathway scheme we collected about 30 successful folding trajectories for the 82-amino acid long trefoil-knotted protein .	We report on atomistic simulation of the folding of a natively-knotted protein , MJ0366 , based on a realistic force field .	To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported effort where a realistic force field is used to investigate the folding pathways of a protein with complex native topology .	Despite the dissimilarity of their initial unfolded configuration , these trajectories reach the natively-knotted state through a remarkably similar succession of steps .	In particular it is found that knotting occurs essentially through a threading mechanism , involving the passage of the C-terminal through an open region created by the formation of the native beta-sheet at an earlier stage .
+4	We identified no optical counterparts associated with gamma-ray bursts amongst these events at the m $ _V $ $ \sim $ 7.0 to 8.5 sensitivity level .	The Gamma-Ray Optical Counterpart Search Experiment ( GROCSE ) presents new experimental upper limits on the optical flux from gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) .	Our experiment consisted of a fully-automated very wide-field opto-electronic detection system that imaged locations of GRBs within a few seconds of receiving trigger signals provided by BATSE 's real-time burst coordinate distribution network ( BACODINE ) .	The experiment acquired ~3800 observing hours , recording 22 gamma-ray burst triggers within $ \sim $ 30 s of the start of the burst event .	Some of these bursts were imaged while gamma-ray radiation was being detected by BATSE .
+1	We demonstrate this by identifying a local order parameter , which is odd under both space inversion and time reversal .	We show that a simple quantum-mechanical model , put forward by Stone sometime ago , affords description of site magnetoelectricity , a phenomenon which takes place in crystals ( and molecular systems ) when space inversion is locally broken and coexistence of electric and magnetic moments is permitted by the site point group .	This order parameter ( a magnetic quadrupole ) characterises Stone 's ground state .	Our results indicate that the model , extended to a lattice of sites , could be relevant to the study of electronic properties of transition-metal oxides .	A generalisation of Stone 's hamiltonian to cover cases of different symmetry is also discussed .
+0	Large wavelength shifts of infrared triplet lines of Ca II have been observed in the spectra of HgMn and magnetic Ap stars .	They have been attributed to the heavy calcium isotopes , including Ca-48 .	One member of the triplet , $ \lambda $ 8542 , had been either unavailable , or of poor quality in earlier spectra .	The present material shows conclusively that the stellar $ \lambda $ 8542 shifts are consistent with an interpretation in terms of Ca-48 .	We find no relation between isotopic shifts of the Ca II triplet lines , and those of Hg II $ \lambda $ 3984 .
+4	In comparing computed to measured quasiparticle dispersions , we however find good agreement in the alpha-band alone .	Using a phenomenological Hamiltonian , we investigate the quasiparticle lifetimes and dispersions in the three low energy bands , gamma , beta , and alpha of Sr2RuO4 .	Couplings in the Hamiltonian are fixed so as to produce the mass renormalization as measured in magneto-oscillation experiments .	We thus find reasonable agreement in all bands between our computed lifetimes and those measured in ARPES experiments by Kidd et al .	[ 1 ] and Ingle et al . [ 2 ] .
+1	We show that to completely characterize phases exhibited by such bent-core molecules a third-rank tensor $ T^ { ijk } $ order parameter is necessary in addition to the vector and the nematic ( second-rank ) tensor order parameters .	We study phases and phase transitions that can take place in the newly discovered banana ( bow-shaped or bent-core ) liquid crystal molecules .	We present an exhaustive list of possible liquid phases , characterizing them by their space-symmetry group and order parameters , and catalog the universality classes of the corresponding phase transitions that we expect to take place in such bent-core molecular liquid crystals .	In addition to the conventional liquid-crystal phases such as the nematic phase , we predict the existence of novel liquid phases , including the spontaneously chiral nematic $ ( N_T + 2 ) ^* $ and chiral polar $ ( V_T + 2 ) ^* $ phases , the orientationally-ordered but optically isotropic tetrahedratic $ T $ phase , and a novel nematic $ N_T $ phase with $ D_ { 2d } $ symmetry that is neither uniaxial nor biaxial .	Interestingly , the Isotropic-Tetrahedratic transition is { \em continuous } in mean-field theory , but is likely driven first-order by thermal fluctuations .
+1	The direct Coulomb $ 2s\to 1s $ deexcitation is proved to be the dominant quenching mechanism of the $ 2s $ state at kinetic energy below $ 2p $ threshold and explain the lifetime of the metastable $ 2s $ state and high-energy 0.9 keV component of $ ( \mu p ) _ { 1S } $ observed at low densities .	Ab initio study of the density-dependent population and lifetime of the long-lived $ ( \mu p ) _ { 2s } $ and the yield of $ ( \mu p ) _ { 1s } $ atoms with kinetic energy 0.9 keV have been performed for the first time .	The cross sections of the elastic , Stark and Coulomb deexcitation processes have been calculated in the close-coupling approach taking into account for the first time both the closed channels and the threshold effects due to vacuum polarization shifts of the $ ns $ states .	The cross sections are used as the input data in the detailed study of the atomic cascade kinetics .	The theoretical predictions are compared with the known experimental data at low densities .
+0	Consumers of short videos on Internet can have a bad Quality of Experience QoE due to the long distance between the consumers and the servers that hosting the videos .	We propose an optimization of the file allocation in telecommunication operators content sharing servers to improve the QoE through files duplication , thus bringing the files closer to the consumers .	This optimization allows the network operator to set the level of QoE and to have control over the users access cost by setting a number of parameters .	Two optimization methods are given and are followed by a comparison of their efficiency .	Also , the hosting costs versus the gain of optimization are analytically discussed .
+1	In such approximations , the self-energy is obtained as the solution of a self-consistent equation which effectively resums infinite subsets of diagrams of perturbation theory .	We discuss the renormalization of \Phi-derivable approximations for scalar field theories .	We show that a consistent renormalization can be carried out , and we provide an explicit construction of the counterterms needed to eliminate the subdivergences .	The counterterms are calculated from the solution of an auxiliary gap equation which determines the leading asymptotic part of the self-energy .	This auxiliary gap equation may be chosen as the gap equation of the massless theory at zero temperature .
+1	The tumor is viewed as a mixture consisting of proliferating , quiescent and dead cells as well as a nutrient in the presence of a drug .	We investigate the dynamics of a nonlinear system modeling tumor growth with drug application .	The system is given by a multi-phase flow model : the densities of the different cells are governed by a set of transport equations , the density of the nutrient and the density of the drug are governed by rather general diffusion equations , while the velocity of the tumor is given by Brinkman 's equation .	The domain occupied by the tumor in this setting is a growing continuum $ \Omega $ with boundary $ \partial \Omega $ both of which evolve in time .	Global-in-time weak solutions are obtained using an approach based on penalization of the boundary behavior , diffusion and viscosity in the weak formulation .
+0	We present the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey ( CFHTLenS ) that accurately determines a weak gravitational lensing signal from the full 154 square degrees of deep multi-colour data obtained by the CFHT Legacy Survey .	Weak gravitational lensing by large-scale structure is widely recognised as one of the most powerful but technically challenging probes of cosmology .	We outline the CFHTLenS analysis pipeline , describing how and why every step of the chain from the raw pixel data to the lensing shear and photometric redshift measurement has been revised and improved compared to previous analyses of a subset of the same data .	We present a novel method to identify data which contributes a non-negligible contamination to our sample and quantify the required level of calibration for the survey .	Through a series of cosmology-insensitive tests we demonstrate the robustness of the resulting cosmic shear signal , presenting a science-ready shear and photometric redshift catalogue for future exploitation .
+4	We show that the Average Linkage Minimum Spanning Tree recognizes economic sectors and sub-sectors as communities in the network slightly better than the Minimum Spanning Tree does .	We introduce a new technique to associate a spanning tree to the average linkage cluster analysis .	We term this tree as the Average Linkage Minimum Spanning Tree .	We also introduce a technique to associate a value of reliability to links of correlation based graphs by using bootstrap replicas of data .	Both techniques are applied to the portfolio of the 300 most capitalized stocks traded at New York Stock Exchange during the time period 2001-2003 .
+2	As an immediate consequence , we can conclude that a solvable group $ G $ of length $ c $ with nontrivial solvable multiplier , $ { \cal S } _nM ( G ) $ , has no $ { \cal S } _n $ -covering group for all $ n & gt ; c $ , where $ { \cal S } _n $ is the variety of solvable groups of length at most $ n $ .	Let $ { \cal N } _ { c_1 , ... , c_t } $ be the variety of polynilpotent groups of class row $ ( c_1 , ... , c_t ) $ .	In this paper , first , we show that a polynilpotent group $ G $ of class row $ ( c_1 , ... , c_t ) $ has no any $ { \cal N } _ { c_1 , ... , c_t , c_ { t+1 } } $ -covering group if its Baer-invariant with respect to the variety $ { \cal N } _ { c_1 , ... , c_t , c_ { t+1 } } $ is nontrivial .	Second , we prove that if $ G $ is a polynilpotent group of class row $ ( c_1 , ... , c_t , c_ { t+1 } ) $ such that $ { \cal N } _ { c'_1 , ... , c'_t , c'_ { t+1 } } M ( G ) \neq 1 $ , where $ c'_i\geq c_i $ for all $ 1\leq i\leq t $ and $ c'_ { t+1 } & gt ; c_ { t+1 } $ , then $ G $ has no any $ { \cal N } _ { c'_1 , ... , c'_t , c'_ { t+1 } } $ -covering group .	This is a vast generalization of the first author 's result on nilpotent covering groups ( Indian\ J.\ Pure\ Appl.\ Math.\ 29 ( 7 ) \ 711-713 , \ 1998 ) .
+2	In this paper , we propose an efficient framework , namely Quantized CNN , to simultaneously speed-up the computation and reduce the storage and memory overhead of CNN models .	Recently , convolutional neural networks ( CNN ) have demonstrated impressive performance in various computer vision tasks .	However , high performance hardware is typically indispensable for the application of CNN models due to the high computation complexity , which prohibits their further extensions .	Both filter kernels in convolutional layers and weighting matrices in fully-connected layers are quantized , aiming at minimizing the estimation error of each layer 's response .	Extensive experiments on the ILSVRC-12 benchmark demonstrate 4~6x speed-up and 15~20x compression with merely one percentage loss of classification accuracy .
+1	The boundary-value problem is solved and the dispersion relation inside the PML is derived .	Maxwell equations are solved in a layer comprising a finite number of homogeneous isotropic dielectric regions ended by anisotropic perfectly matched layers ( PMLs ) .	The general expression of the eigenvalues equation for an arbitrary number of regions in each layer is obtained , and both polarization modes are considered .	The modal functions of a single layer ended by PMLs are found , and their orthogonality relation is derived .	The present method is useful to simulate scattering problems from dielectric objects as well as propagation in planar slab waveguides .
+4	In the present work , we calculate the speed of sound as a function of temperature for different $ q $ -values for a hadron resonance gas .	The speed of sound ( $ c_s $ ) is studied to understand the hydrodynamical evolution of the matter created in heavy-ion collisions .	The quark gluon plasma ( QGP ) formed in heavy-ion collisions evolves from an initial QGP to the hadronic phase via a possible mixed phase .	Due to the system expansion in a first order phase transition scenario , the speed of sound reduces to zero as the specific heat diverges .	We study the speed of sound for systems , which deviate from a thermalized Boltzmann distribution using non-extensive Tsallis statistics .
+2	There are derived the closed system of equations for the temporal behavior of the correlation functions .	In the present communication we consider the one-dimensional ( 1D ) isotopically disordered lattice with the harmonic potential .	Our analytical method is adequate for any 1D lattice where potential energy can be presented as the quadratic form $ U=\frac12 \sum_ { i , j } q ( i ) U_ { ij } q ( j ) $ , where $ q ( i ) $ -- coordinate or velocity of $ i $ -th particle .	The final expressions allow to calculate the kinetics and dynamics of the system -- energy , temperature profile , thermal conduction and others .	There is developed the method for the calculation of the evolution of the eigenvalues ( frequencies ) and eigenvectors ( relaxation times ) to their stationary values .
+2	These vortices have a long-range force because one of the U ( 1 ) s remains unbroken in the infrared , which is guarded by the Coleman-Hill theorem .	We report on a new topological vortex solution in U ( 1 ) $ \times $ U ( 1 ) Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory .	The existence of the vortex is envisaged by analytical means , and a numerical solution is obtained by integrating the equations of motion .	The sum of the winding numbers of an ensemble of vortices has to vanish ; otherwise the system would have a logarithmically divergent energy .	In turn , these vortices exhibit classical confinement .
+3	for bulk local operators in the three dimensional AdS .	We formulate a minimum requirement for CFT operators to be localized in the dual AdS .	In any spacetime dimensions , we show that a general solution to the requirement is a linear superposition of operators creating spherical boundaries in CFT , with the dilatation by the imaginary unit from their centers .	This generalizes the recent proposal by Miyaji et al .	We show that Ishibashi states for the global conformal symmetry in any dimensions and with the imaginary dilatation obey free field equations in AdS and that incorporating bulk interactions require their superpositions .
+0	We consider the Schatten spaces S^p in the framework of operator space theory and for any $ 1\leq p\not=2 & lt ; \infty $ , we characterize the completely 1-complemented subspaces of S^p .	They turn out to be the direct sums of spaces of the form S^p ( H , K ) , where H , K are Hilbert spaces .	This result is related to some previous work of Arazy-Friedman giving a description of all 1-complemented subspaces of S^p in terms of the Cartan factors of types 1-4 .	We use operator space structures on these Cartan factors regarded as subspaces of appropriate noncommutative L^p-spaces .	Also we show that for any $ n\geq 2 $ , there is a triple isomorphism on some Cartan factor of type 4 and of dimension 2n which is not completely isometric , and we investigate L^p-versions of such isomorphisms .
+1	We prove that the free energy of an arbitrary closed 3-manifold is uniformly Gevrey-1 .	The free energy of a closed 3-manifold is a 2-parameter formal power series which encodes the perturbative Chern-Simons invariant ( also known as the LMO invariant ) of a closed 3-manifold with gauge group U ( N ) for arbitrary $ N $ .	As a corollary , it follows that the genus $ g $ part of the free energy is convergent in a neighborhood of zero , independent of the genus .	Our results follow from an estimate of the LMO invariant , in a particular gauge , and from recent results of Bender-Gao-Richmond on the asymptotics of the number of rooted maps for arbitrary genus .	We illustrate our results with an explicit formula for the free energy of a Lens space .
+2	The planetary nebulae and existing kinematics are used to explore the rotation of this merger remnant and constrain dynamical models.Methods .	Aims .	We present positions and velocities for 796 planetary nebulae ( PNe ) in the Fornax Brightest Cluster Galaxy NGC 1316 ( Fornax A ) .	Using FORS2 on the VLT , the PN velocities were measured using a counter-dispersed slitless-spectroscopy technique that produced the largest-to-date sample outside of the Local Group .	Spherical , non-rotating , constant-anisotropy Jeans models were con- strained by observations of the planetary nebulae and existing integrated light spectra.Results .
+0	We consider the Jaynes-Cummings model of a single quantum spin $ s $ coupled to a harmonic oscillator in a parameter regime where the underlying classical dynamics exhibits an unstable equilibrium point .	This state of the model is relevant to the physics of cold atom systems , in non-equilibrium situations obtained by fast sweeping through a Feshbach resonance .	We show that in this integrable system with two degrees of freedom , for any initial condition close to the unstable point , the classical dynamics is controlled by a singularity of the focus-focus type .	In particular , it displays the expected monodromy , which forbids the existence of global action-angle coordinates .	Explicit calculations of the joint spectrum of conserved quantities reveal the monodromy at the quantum level , as a dislocation in the lattice of eigenvalues .
+2	Both CeRhAl $ _ { 4 } $ Si $ _ { 2 } $ and CeIrAl $ _ { 4 } $ Si $ _ { 2 } $ order antiferromagnetically below $ T_ { N1 } $ =14 and 16 K , respectively , and undergo a second antiferromagnetic transitition at lower temperature ( $ T_ { N2 } $ =9 and 14 K , respectively ) .	The synthesis , crystal structure , and physical properties studied by means of x-ray diffraction , magnetic , thermal and transport measurements of CeMAl $ _ { 4 } $ Si $ _ { 2 } $ ( M = Rh , Ir , Pt ) are reported , along with the electronic structure calculations for LaMAl $ _ { 4 } $ Si $ _ { 2 } $ ( M = Rh , Ir , Pt ) .	These materials adopt a tetragonal crystal structure ( space group P4/mmm ) comprised of BaAl $ _4 $ blocks , separated by MAl $ _2 $ units , stacked along the $ c $ -axis .	CePtAl $ _ { 4 } $ Si $ _ { 2 } $ orders ferromagnetically below $ T_C $ =3 K with an ordered moment of $ \mu_ { sat } $ =0.8 $ \mu_ { B } $ for a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the $ c $ -axis .	Electronic structure calculations reveal quasi-2D character of the Fermi surface .
+3	The $ \epsilon_ { K } $ parameter is accounted for by supersymmetric contributions .	Supersymmetric models with an approximate CP , $ 10^ { -3 } \lsim \phi_ { CP } \ll 1 $ , are a viable framework for the description of nature .	The full high energy theory has exact CP and horizontal symmetries that are spontaneously broken with a naturally induced hierarchy of scales , $ \Lambda_ { CP } \ll \Lambda_ { H } $ .	Consequently , the effective low energy theory , that is the supersymmetric Standard Model , has CP broken explicitly but by a small parameter .	The predictions for other CP violating observables are very different from the Standard Model .
+2	To avoid the light cone singularity at p^ { + } =0 , one world sheet coordinate had to be discretized , introducing a cutoff into the model.In the earlier work , this cutoff could not be removed , making the model unreliable .	Following earlier work on the same topic , we consider once more scalar field theories on the world sheet parametrized by the light cone coordinates .	For most of the way , we use the same approach as in the previous work , but there is an important new development .	In the present article , we show that , by a careful choice of the mass counter term , both the infrared singularity at p^ { + } =0 and the ultraviolet mass divergences can be simultaneously eliminated .	We therefore finally have a cutoff independent model on a continuously parametrized world sheet .
+3	We show an explicit construction of those models in the supersymmetric brane world based on the Type IIB supergravity in ten dimensions .	The doublet -- triplet mass splitting problem is one of the most serious problems in supersymmetric grand unified theories ( GUTs ) .	A class of models based on a product gauge group , such as the SU ( 5 ) _ { GUT } times U ( 3 ) _H or the SU ( 5 ) _ { GUT } times U ( 2 ) _H , realize naturally the desired mass splitting that is protected by an unbroken R symmetry .	It has been pointed out that various features in the models suggest that these product-group unification models are embedded in a supersymmetric brane world .	We consider T^6/ ( Z_ { 12 } times Z_2 ) orientifold for the compactified six extra dimensions .
+4	A cross check for top-down theoretical consistency is provided by application of the `` Super No-Scale '' condition , which dynamically selects a pair of undetermined model parameters in a manner that is virtually identical to the corresponding phenomenological ( driven primarily by the relic density ) selection .	We revisit the construction of the viable parameter space of No-Scale F-SU ( 5 ) , a model built on the F-lipped SU ( 5 ) xU ( 1 ) _X gauge group , supplemented by a pair of F-theory derived vector-like multiplets at the TeV scale , and the dynamically established boundary conditions of No-Scale Supergravity .	Employing an updated numerical algorithm and a substantially upgraded computational engine , we significantly enhance the scope , detail and accuracy of our prior study .	We sequentially apply a set of `` bare-minimal '' phenomenological constraints , consisting of i ) the dynamically established boundary conditions of No-Scale Supergravity , ii ) consistent radiative electroweak symmetry breaking , iii ) precision LEP constraints on the light supersymmetric mass content , iv ) the world average top-quark mass , and v ) a light neutralino satisfying the 7-year WMAP cold dark matter relic density measurement .	The overlap of the viable parameter space with key rare-process limits on the branching ratio for b to s gamma and the muon anomalous magnetic moment is identified as the `` golden strip '' of F-SU ( 5 ) .
+4	Eigenchannel spinor as well as bispinor harmonics are expressed throughout the eigenchannel vectors .	An application of the new formulation of the eigenchannel method [ R. Szmytkowski , Ann.Phys .	( N.Y. ) { \bf 311 } , 503 ( 2004 ) ] to quantum scattering of Dirac particles from non-local separable potentials is presented .	Eigenchannel vectors , related directly to eigenchannels , are defined as eigenvectors of a certain weighted eigenvalue problem .	Moreover , negative cotangents of eigenphase-shifts are introduced as eigenvalues of that spectral problem .
+4	The enhancement that the new effect brings about could facilitate the first direct detection of gravitational waves while representing a local measurement of \Lambda .	We have considered the propagation of gravitational waves ( GW ) in de Sitter space time and how a non-zero value of the cosmological constant might affect their detection in pulsar timing arrays ( PTA ) .	If { \Lambda } is different from zero waves are non-linear in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker coordinates and although the amount of non-linearity is very small it gives noticeable effects for GW originating in extragalactic sources such as spiraling black hole binaries .	The results indicate that the timing residuals induced by gravitational waves from such sources in PTA would show a peculiar angular dependence with a marked enhancement around a particular value of the angle subtended by the source and the pulsars , depending mainly on the actual value of the cosmological constant and the distance to the source .	The position of the peak could represent a gauge of the value of \Lambda .
+0	We investigate a question of Cooper adjacent to the Virtual Haken Conjecture .	Assuming certain conjectures in number theory , we show that there exist hyperbolic rational homology 3-spheres with arbitrarily large injectivity radius .	These examples come from a tower of abelian covers of an explicit arithmetic 3-manifold .	The conjectures we must assume are the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis and a mild strengthening of results of Taylor et al on part of the Langlands Program for GL_2 of an imaginary quadratic field .	The proof of this theorem involves ruling out the existence of an irreducible two dimensional Galois representation ( rho ) of Gal ( Qbar/Q ( sqrt ( -2 ) ) ) satisfying certain prescribed conditions .
+3	As soon as the data are public , any astronomer can access the data via the internet .	The INTEGRAL Science Data Centre ( ISDC ) processes , archives and distributes data from the INTEGRAL mission .	At the ISDC incoming data from the satellite are processed and searched for transient sources and Gamma-Ray bursts .	The data are archived and distributed to the guest observers .	ISDC also provides the tools which are necessary for the data analysis and offers user support concerning questions related to the INTEGRAL data .
+3	Encoding mass , charge , angular momentum or radiation requires at minimum four bits .	Information $ I $ in holographic imaging of massive particles by star-like screens is shown to represent the probability of detection based on their propagator .	Results are derived for screens in the shape of a plane , cube and sphere from unitarity in the exponentially small transition probability for a detection outside .	We derive $ I=2\pi \Delta\varphi $ in $ \log2 $ bits for the imaging of a particle by a spherical screen at a relative de Broglie phase $ \Delta\varphi $ .	Minimal screens at maximal information density hereby recover Reissner-Nordstr\ '' om and extremal Kerr black holes .
+1	The network contains 58 countries and 37 activity sectors for years 1995 and 2008 .	Using the new data from the OECD-WTO world network of economic activities we construct the Google matrix $ G $ of this directed network and perform its detailed analysis .	The construction of $ G $ , based on Markov chain transitions , treats all countries on equal democratic grounds while the contribution of activity sectors is proportional to their exchange monetary volume .	The Google matrix analysis allows to obtain reliable ranking of countries and activity sectors and to determine the sensitivity of CheiRank-PageRank commercial balance of countries in respect to price variations and labor cost in various countries .	We demonstrate that the developed approach takes into account multiplicity of network links with economy interactions between countries and activity sectors thus being more efficient compared to the usual export-import analysis .
+0	In this paper we propose a possible explanation of the active neutrino Majorana masses with the TeV scale new physics which also provide a dark matter candidate .	We extend the Standard Model ( SM ) with a local U ( 1 ) ' symmetry and introduce a seesaw relation for the vacuum expectation values ( VEVs ) of the exotic scalar singlets , which break the U ( 1 ) ' spontaneously .	The larger VEV is responsible for generating the Dirac mass term of the heavy neutrinos , while the smaller for the Majorana mass term .	As a result active neutrino masses are generated via the modified inverse seesaw mechanism .	The lightest of the new fermion singlets , which are introduced to cancel the U ( 1 ) ' anomalies , can be a stable particle with ultra flavor symmetry and thus a plausible dark matter candidate .
+2	The measures of the initial fractal behavior vary in time following the mean field motion .	We investigate the classical evolution of a $ \phi^4 $ scalar field theory , using in the initial state random field configurations possessing a fractal measure expressed by a non-integer mass dimension .	These configurations resemble the equilibrium state of a critical scalar condensate .	We show that the remnants of the original fractal geometry survive and leave an imprint in the system time averaged observables , even for large times compared to the approximate oscillation period of the mean field , determined by the model parameters .	This behavior becomes more transparent in the evolution of a deterministic Cantor-like scalar field configuration .
+2	Two classes of neutrosophic norm ( n-norm ) and neutrosophic conorm ( n-conorm ) are defined .	In this paper we present a short history of logics : from particular cases of 2-symbol or numerical valued logic to the general case of n-symbol or numerical valued logic .	We show generalizations of 2-valued Boolean logic to fuzzy logic , also from the Kleene and Lukasiewicz 3-symbol valued logics or Belnap 4-symbol valued logic to the most general n-symbol or numerical valued refined neutrosophic logic .	Examples of applications of neutrosophic logic to physics are listed in the last section .	Similar generalizations can be done for n-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Set , and respectively n- Valued Refined Neutrosopjhic Probability .
+2	Our first main result is that the relation between the excitonic couplings and the spectral shift in a two-dimensional structure is different ( larger shift for the same nearest neighbour coupling ) from that in a one-dimensional structure , which leads to an estimation of dipolar coupling in two-dimensional lattices .	We study the excitonic coupling and homogeneous spectral line width of brick layer J-aggregate films .	We begin by analysing the structural information revealed by the two-exciton states probed in two-dimensional spectra .	We next investigate the mechanisms of homogeneous broadening - population relaxation and pure dephasing - and evaluate their relative importance in linear and two-dimensional aggregates .	Our second main result is that pure dephasing dominates the line width in two-dimensional systems up to a crossover temperature , which explains the linear temperature dependence of the homogeneous line width .
+0	We present a new method to propagate rotating Bose-Einstein condensates subject to explicitly time-dependent trapping potentials .	Using algebraic techniques , we combine Magnus expansions and splitting methods to yield any order methods for the multivariate and nonautonomous quadratic part of the Hamiltonian that can be computed using only Fourier transforms at the cost of solving a small system of polynomial equations .	The resulting scheme solves the challenging component of the ( nonlinear ) Hamiltonian and can be combined with optimized splitting methods to yield efficient algorithms for rotating Bose-Einstein condensates .	The method is particularly efficient for potentials that can be regarded as perturbed rotating and trapped condensates , e.g. , for small nonlinearities , since it retains the near-integrable structure of the problem .	For large nonlinearities , the method remains highly efficient if higher order p & gt ; 2 is sought .
+1	We show how abstract notions , such as the Swedish socio-economical model ( in a political dataset ) or the companies fiscal optimization ( in an economical dataset ) can be inferred from low-level descriptive features .	We propose ClusPath , a novel algorithm for detecting general evolution tendencies in a population of entities .	Such high-level regularities in the evolution of entities are detected by combining spatial and temporal features into a spatio-temporal dissimilarity measure and using semi-supervised clustering techniques .	The relations between the evolution phases are modeled using a graph structure , inferred simultaneously with the partition , by using a `` slow changing world '' assumption .	The idea is to ensure a smooth passage for entities along their evolution paths , which catches the long-term trends in the dataset .
+0	We consider folded spinning strings in AdS_5xS^5 ( with one spin component S in AdS_5 and J in S^5 ) corresponding to the Tr ( D^S Z^J ) operators in the sl ( 2 ) sector of the N=4 SYM theory in the special scaling limit in which both the string mass M ~ \sqrt \lambda \ln S and J are sent to infinity with their ratio fixed .	Expanding in the parameter \el= J/M we compute the 2-loop string sigma model correction to the string energy and show that it agrees with the expression proposed by Alday and Maldacena in arxiv:0708.0672 .	We suggest that a resummation of the logarithmic \el^2 \ln^n \el terms is necessary in order to establish an interpolation to the weakly coupled gauge theory results .	In the process , we set up a general framework for the calculation of higher loop corrections to the energy of multi-spin string configurations .	In particular , we find that in addition to the direct 2-loop term in the string energy there is a contribution from lower loop order due to a finite `` renormalization '' of the relation between the parameters of the classical solution and the fixed spins , i.e.the charges of the SO ( 2,4 ) x SO ( 6 ) symmetry .
+1	This problem is alleviated if one can observe samples from multiple realizations of the nonzero values for the same sparsity pattern .	A major challenge in sparsity pattern estimation is that small modes are difficult to detect in the presence of noise .	We will refer to this as `` diversity '' .	Diversity comes at a price , however , since each new realization adds new unknown nonzero values , thus increasing uncertainty .	In this paper , upper and lower bounds on joint sparsity pattern estimation are derived .
+4	Under suitable assumptions $ \widetilde { \Cal M } ^n \Cal { A } = \Cal A + \ { T^ { ( n ) } : T \in \Cal A\ } $ , and similarly for $ \Cal { M } ^n \Cal A $ .	For $ \Cal A\subset L^1_ { loc } ( \Bbb J , X ) $ let $ \Cal M\Cal A $ consist of all $ f\in L^1_ { loc } $ with $ M_h f ( \cdot ) : =\frac { 1 } { h } \int_ { 0 } ^ { h } f ( \cdot +s ) \ , ds \in \Cal A $ for all $ h & gt ; 0 $ .	Here $ X $ is a Banach space , $ \Bbb J= ( \alpha , \infty ) , [ \alpha , \infty ) $ or $ \Bbb R $ .	Usually $ \Cal A\subset\Cal M\Cal A\subset \Cal M^2\Cal A\subset ... $ .	The map $ \Cal A \to \Cal { D } '_ { \Cal A } $ is iteration complete , that is $ \Cal { D } '_ { \Cal { D } '_ { \Cal A } } = \Cal { D } '_ { \Cal A } $ .
+0	Because the majority of massive stars are born as members of close binary systems , populations of massive main-sequence stars contain stellar mergers and products of binary mass transfer .	We simulate populations of massive stars accounting for all major binary evolution effects based on the most recent binary parameter statistics and extensively evaluate the effect of model uncertainties .	Assuming constant star formation , we find that $ 8^ { +9 } _ { -4 } \ , \ % $ of a sample of early type stars to be the product of a merger resulting from a close binary system .	In total we find that $ 30^ { +10 } _ { -15 } \ , \ % $ of massive main-sequence stars are the product of binary interaction .	We show that the commonly adapted approach to minimize the effects of binaries on an observed sample by excluding systems detected as binaries through radial velocity campaigns can be counterproductive .
+2	We provide a thorough analysis of the non-equilibrium thermodynamical properties of the climate system and explore , using a a flexible climate model , how such properties depend on the energy input of the parent star , on the infrared atmospheric opacity , and on the rotation rate .	We explore the potential multistability of the climate for a planet around the habitable zone .	We focus on conditions reminiscent to those of the Earth system , but our investigation aims at presenting a general methodology for dealing with exoplanets .	It is possible to reproduce the multi-stability properties reminiscent of the paleoclimatologically relevant snowball ( SB ) - warm ( W ) conditions .	We then study the thermodynamics of the W and SB states , clarifying the role of the hydrological cycle in shaping the irreversibility and the efficiency of the W states , and emphasizing the extreme diversity of the SB states , where dry conditions are realized .
+2	Early Chandra observations have shown that the most massive star system in the Orion Trapezium Cluster , theta2 Ori A , shows rapid variability on time scales of hours .	Massive stars rarely show intrinsic X-ray variability .	The only O-stars credited to be intrinsically variable are theta1 Ori C due to effects from magnetic confinement of its wind , and theta2 Ori A suspected of similar activity .	We determine X-ray fluxes and find that the star shows very strong variability over the last 5 years .	We observed a second large X-ray outburst in November 2004 with the high resolution transmission grating spectrometer on-board Chandra .
+0	Dynamical instabilities in protoneutron stars may produce gravitational waves whose observation could shed light on the physics of core-collapse supernovae .	When born with sufficient differential rotation , these stars are susceptible to a shear instability ( the `` low-T/|W| instability '' ) , but such rotation can also amplify magnetic fields to strengths where they have a considerable impact on the dynamics of the stellar matter .	Using a new magnetohydrodynamics module for the Spectral Einstein Code , we have simulated a differentially-rotating neutron star in full 3D to study the effects of magnetic fields on this instability .	Though strong toroidal fields were predicted to suppress the low-T/|W| instability , we find that they do so only in a small range of field strengths .	Below 4e13 G , poloidal seed fields do not wind up fast enough to have an effect before the instability saturates , while above 5e14 G , magnetic instabilities can actually amplify a global quadrupole mode ( this threshold may be even lower in reality , as small-scale magnetic instabilities remain difficult to resolve numerically ) .
+3	Comparison with non frustrated antiferromagnets is shown to highlight the frustration effect .	In this paper we study the spin transport in frustrated antiferromagnetic FCC films by Monte Carlo simulation .	In the case of Ising spin model , we show that the spin resistivity versus temperature exhibits a discontinuity at the phase transition temperature : an upward jump or a downward fall , depending on how many parallel and antiparallel localized spins interacting with a given itinerant spin .	The surface effects as well as the difference of two degenerate states on the resistivity are analyzed .	We also show and discuss the results of the Heisenberg spin model on the same lattice .
+3	We address a number of questions of a topological nature : what is the relationship between the cohomology of X and the cohomology of the dual fibration ?	In 1996 , Strominger , Yau and Zaslow made a conjecture about the geometric relationship between two mirror Calabi-Yau manifolds .	Roughly put , if X and Y are a mirror pair of such manifolds , then X should possess a special Lagrangian torus fibration $ f : X\to B $ such that Y is obtained by dualizing the fibration f. This leaves a huge amount to be done to verify such conjectures .	This paper takes a speculative point of view , in that it assumes that a special Lagrangian torus fibration exists on X .	what kind of information does the Leray spectral sequence for f contain ?
+0	The equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter has been investigated within Brueckner approach adopting the charge-dependent Argonne $ V_ { 18 } $ two-body force plus a microscopic three-body force based on a meson-exchange model .	The effects on the equation of state of the individual processes giving rise to the three-body force are explored up to high baryonic density .	It is found that the major role is played by the competition between the strongly repulsive $ ( \sigma , \omega ) $ exchange term with virtual nucleon-antinucleon excitation and the large attractive contribution due to $ ( \sigma , \omega ) $ exchange with $ N^* ( 1440 ) $ resonance excitation .	The net result is a repulsive term which shifts the saturation density corresponding to the only two-body force much closer to the empirical value , while keeping constant the saturation energy per particle .	The contribution from $ ( \pi , \rho ) $ exchange 3BF is shown to be attractive and rather small .
+2	The dilatons are the consequence of a spontaneous breaking of a scale symmetry .	We develop the model of the critical phenomena of strongly interacting matter at high temperatures and baryon densities .	The dual Yang-Mills theory with scalar degrees of freedom ( the dilatons ) is used .	The phase transitions are considered in systems where the field conjugate to the order parameter has the critical end mode .	The critical end point ( CEP ) is a distinct singular feature existence of which is dictated by the chiral dynamics .
+4	An additional advantage is that , like other blazars , they are likely superluminal radio sources , in which case the source plane is mapped out over a period of years , providing strong additional constraints on the lensing mass distribution .	We present HST observations of seven unusual objects from the HST `` snapshot survey '' of BL Lac objects , of which four are gravitational lens candidates .	In three cases a double point sources is observed : 0033+595 , with 1.58 arcsec separation , and 0502+675 and 1440+122 , each with $ \sim 0.3 $ arcsec separation .	The last two also show one or more galaxies , which could be either host or lensing galaxies .	If any are confirmed as lenses , these BL Lac objects are excellent candidates for measuring H $ _0 $ via gravitational time delay because of their characteristic rapid , high amplitude variability .
+3	In addition , we propose an improvement in the basic structure of the classic bat algorithm .	Bat algorithm is a population metaheuristic proposed in 2010 which is based on the echolocation or bio-sonar characteristics of microbats .	Since its first implementation , the bat algorithm has been used in a wide range of fields .	In this paper , we present a discrete version of the bat algorithm to solve the well-known symmetric and asymmetric traveling salesman problems .	To prove that our proposal is a promising approximation method , we have compared its performance in 37 instances with the results obtained by five different techniques : evolutionary simulated annealing , genetic algorithm , an island based distributed genetic algorithm , a discrete firefly algorithm and an imperialist competitive algorithm .
+0	We have performed NMR experiments on the quasi one-dimensional frustrated spin-1/2 system LiCuVO $ _4 $ in magnetic fields $ H $ applied along the c-axis up to field values near the saturation field $ H_ { \rm sat } $ .	For the field range $ H_ { \rm c2 } & lt ; H & lt ; H_ { \rm c3 } $ ( $ \mu_0H_ { \rm c2 } \approx 7.5 $ T and $ \mu_0H_ { \rm c3 } = [ 40.5 \pm 0.2 ] $ T ) the $ ^ { 51 } $ V NMR spectra at $ T $ = 380mK exhibit a characteristic double-horn pattern , as expected for a spin-modulated phase in which the magnetic moments of Cu $ ^ { 2+ } $ ions are aligned parallel to the applied field $ H $ and their magnitudes change sinusoidally along the magnetic chains .	For higher fields , the $ ^ { 51 } $ V NMR spectral shape changes from the double-horn pattern into a single Lorentzian line .	For this Lorentzian line , the internal field at the $ ^ { 51 } $ V nuclei stays constant for $ \mu_0 H & gt ; 41.4 $ T , indicating that the majority of magnetic moments in LiCuVO $ _4 $ are already saturated in this field range .	This result is inconsistent with the previously observed linear field dependence of the magnetization $ M ( H ) $ for $ H_ { \rm c3 } & lt ; H & lt ; H_ { \rm sat } $ with $ \mu_0H_ { \rm sat } =45 $ T [ L. E. Svistov { \it et al } . , JETP Letters { \bf 93 } , 21 ( 2011 ) ] .
+1	We consider this question both in the context of a simple binary classifier , which seeks to predict the direction of the next mid-price movement , and a probabilistic classifier , which seeks to predict the probability that the next mid-price movement will be upwards .	We investigate whether the bid/ask queue imbalance in a limit order book ( LOB ) provides significant predictive power for the direction of the next mid-price movement .	To implement these classifiers , we fit logistic regressions between the queue imbalance and the direction of the subsequent mid-price movement for each of 10 liquid stocks on Nasdaq .	In each case , we find a strongly statistically significant relationship between these variables .	Compared to a simple null model , which assumes that the direction of mid-price changes is uncorrelated with the queue imbalance , we find that our logistic regression fits provide a considerable improvement in binary and probabilistic classification for large-tick stocks , and provide a moderate improvement in binary and probabilistic classification for small-tick stocks .
+2	We discuss the notion of the locally perturbed knot .	Let $ E_f $ be the energy of some knot $ \tau $ for any $ f $ from certain class of functions .	The problem is to find knots with extremal values of energy .	The knot circle minimizes some energies $ E_f $ and maximizes some others .	So , is there any energy such that the circle neither maximizes nor minimizes this energy ?
+4	The most obvious of these agents include winds from galaxies undergoing intense episodes of starbursts , active galaxies and cosmic inflows , such as accretion and cluster mergers .	We review the possible roles of large scale shocks as particle accelerators in clusters of galaxies .	Recent observational and theoretical work has suggested that high energy charged particles may constitute a substantial pressure component in clusters .	If true that would alter the expected dynamical evolution of clusters and increase the dynamical masses consistent with hydrostatic equilibrium .	Moderately strong shocks are probably common in clusters , through the actions of several agents .
+4	In order to improve robustness characteristics of the sampled data with respect to outliers , density based subsampling algorithms are employed .	In this paper , we exploit minimal sensing information gathered from biologically inspired sensor networks to perform exploration and mapping in an unknown environment .	A probabilistic motion model of mobile sensing nodes , inspired by motion characteristics of cockroaches , is utilized to extract weak encounter information in order to build a topological representation of the environment .	Neighbor to neighbor interactions among the nodes are exploited to build point clouds representing spatial features of the manifold characterizing the environment based on the sampled data .	To extract dominant features from sampled data , topological data analysis is used to produce persistence intervals for features , to be used for topological mapping .
+2	It is one of our targets in the EXOTIME program to search for planetary companions around extreme horizontal branch objects .	Pulsating subdwarf B ( sdB ) stars oscillate in short-period p-modes or long-period g-modes .	HS0702+6043 ( DW Lyn ) is one of a few objects to show characteristics of both types and is hence classified as hybrid pulsator .	In addition to the standard exercise in asteroseismology to probe the instantaneous inner structure of a star , measured changes in the pulsation frequencies as derived from an O-C diagram can be compared to theoretical evolutionary timescales .	Based on the photometric data available so far , we are able to derive a high-resolution frequency spectrum and to report on our efforts to construct a multi-season O-C diagram .
+4	We measure nearly identical spin- and charge diffusion coefficients indicating that electron-electron interactions are relatively weak and transport is limited by impurity potential scattering .	Spin transport in graphene carries the potential of a long spin diffusion length at room temperature .	However , extrinsic relaxation processes limit the current experimental values to 1-2 um .	We present Hanle spin precession measurements in gated lateral spin valve devices in the low to high ( up to 10^13 cm^-2 ) carrier density range of graphene .	A linear scaling between the spin diffusion length and the diffusion coefficient is observed .
+4	The analytic solution reveals an upper limit on the strength of large-scale vertical fields attainable in steady states .	Large-scale magnetic fields are key ingredients of magnetically driven disk accretion .	We study how large-scale poloidal fields evolve in accretion disks , with the primary aim of quantifying the viability of magnetic accretion mechanisms in protoplanetary disks .	We employ a kinematic mean-field model for poloidal field transport and focus on steady states where inward advection of a field balances with outward diffusion due to effective resistivities .	We analytically derive the steady-state radial distribution of poloidal fields in highly conducting accretion disks .
+1	The changes in the hadronic spectral function induced by temperature are discussed within the ambit of the Walecka type model , gauged linear and non-linear sigma models , hidden local symmetry approach and QCD sum rule approach .	The formulation of the real and virtual photon production rate from strongly interacting matter is presented in the framework of finite temperature field theory .	Possibility of observing the direct thermal photon and lepton pair from quark gluon plasma has been contrasted with those from hot hadronic matter with and without medium effects for various mass variation scenarios .	At SPS energies , in-medium effects of different magnitude on the hadronic properties for the Walecka model , Brown-Rho scaling and Nambu scaling scenarios are conspicuously visible through the low invariant mass distribution of dilepton and transverse momentum spectra of photon .	However , at RHIC energies the thermal photon ( dilepton ) spectra originating from Quark Gluon Plasma overshines those from hadronic matter for large transverse momentum ( invariant mass ) irrespective of the models used for evaluating the finite temperature effects on the hadronic properties .
+3	We address this problem by proposing three partitioning algorithms , which either run more quickly or achieve better load balance than current partitioning algorithms .	Topic modeling is a very powerful technique in data analysis and data mining but it is generally slow .	Many parallelization approaches have been proposed to speed up the learning process .	However , they are usually not very efficient because of the many kinds of overhead , especially the load-balancing problem .	These algorithms can easily be extended to improve parallelization efficiency on other topic models similar to LDA , e.g. , Bag of Timestamps , which is an extension of LDA with time information .
+3	The sign of the effect is opposite to that in nonmagnetic 2-d materials .	We present a quasi-particle model that allows for a simple description of the electronic properties of metallic helimagnets .	For weak quenched disorder , we find a leading linear temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity for 3-d materials .	This is reminiscent of the behavior of nonmagnetic 2-d systems , and reflects a general tendency of certain properties of bulk helimagnets to appear effectively 2-d .	These surprising predictions should be observable in weak helimagnets .
+4	The renormalized linear dispersion of these renormalized waves is obtained and shown to be in excellent agreement with numerical experiments .	The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam ( FPU ) chains of particles in \textit { thermal equilibrium } are studied from both wave-interaction and particle-interaction points of view .	It is shown that , even in a strongly nonlinear regime , the chain in thermal equilibrium can be effectively described by a system of weakly interacting \textit { renormalized } nonlinear waves .	These waves possess ( i ) the Rayleigh-Jeans distribution and ( ii ) zero correlations between waves , just as noninteracting free waves would .	This renormalization is achieved through a set of canonical transformations .
+1	The key ingredient of the model is the gap region ( i.e.the region where particle acceleration is taking place and high-energy photons originate ) which satisfies the following assumptions : i ) the gap region extends from each polar cap to the light cylinder ; ii ) the gap is thin and confined to the surface of last open magnetic-field lines ; iii ) photon emissivity is uniform within the gap region .	We present a new model of high-energy lightcurves from rotation powered pulsars .	The model lightcurves are dominated by strong peaks ( either double or single ) of caustic origin .	Unlike in other pulsar models with caustic effects , the double peaks arise due to crossing two caustics , each of which is associated with a different magnetic pole .	The generic features of the lightcurves are consistent with the observed characteristics of pulsar lightcurves : 1 ) the most natural ( in terms of probability ) shape consists of two peaks ( separated by 0.4 to 0.5 in phase for large viewing angles ) ; 2 ) the peaks posess well developed wings ; 3 ) there is a bridge ( inter-peak ) emission component ; 4 ) there is a non-vanishing off-pulse emission level ; 5 ) the radio pulse occurs before the leading high-energy peak .
+1	Users may want to access a simple unit of information without having to understand detail of the underlying schema or they may want to access the same information from several different sources .	Within research institutions like CERN ( European Organization for Nuclear Research ) there are often disparate databases ( different in format , type and structure ) that users need to access in a domain-specific manner .	It is neither desirable nor feasible to require users to have knowledge of these schemas .	Instead it would be advantageous if a user could query these sources using his or her own domain models and abstractions of the data .	This paper describes the basis of an XML ( eXtended Markup Language ) framework that provides this functionality and is currently being developed at CERN .
+4	Here we present the results of two simulations ; Run 1 ( nb/n0 = 0.0057 , vb/ { \Delta } vb = vb/Ve = 16 ) and Run 2 ( nb/n0 = 0.05 , vb/ { \Delta } vb = vb/Ve = 8 ) , which we find to permit and prohibit plasma emission respectively .	Aims .	The simulation of three-wave interaction based plasma emission , thought to be the underlying mechanism for Type III solar radio bursts , is a challenging task requiring fully-kinetic , multi-dimensional models .	This paper aims to resolve a contradiction in past attempts , whereby some studies indicate that no such processes occur.Methods .	We self-consistently simulate three-waved based plasma emission through all stages by using 2D , fully kinetic , electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations of relaxing electron beams using the EPOCH2D code.Results .
+1	We imaged the localized edge and bulk states of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in this strip , with single lattice-site resolution along the narrow direction .	We engineered a two-dimensional magnetic lattice in an elongated strip geometry , with effective per-plaquette flux ~4/3 times the flux quanta .	Further , we observed both the skipping orbits of excited atoms traveling down our system 's edges , analogues to edge magnetoplasmons in 2-D electron systems , and a dynamical Hall effect for bulk excitations .	Our lattice 's long direction consisted of the sites of an optical lattice and its narrow direction consisted of the internal atomic spin states .	Our technique has minimal heating , a feature that will be important for spectroscopic measurements of the Hofstadter butterfly and realizations of Laughlin 's charge pump .
+4	We argue that QCD does not exhibit a deconfining transition .	A sufficient condition for the confinement of quarks is presented .	Quarks are shown to be unobservable .	Colour singlets are however , observables .	The results of deep inelastic scattering are discussed .
+1	The first -- - the Shi arrangement -- - was introduced by Jian-Yi Shi to describe the Kazhdan-Lusztig cells in the affine Weyl group of type $ A $ .	This paper is about two arrangements of hyperplanes .	The second -- - the Ish arrangement -- - was recently defined by the first author who used the two arrangements together to give a new interpretation of the $ q , t $ -Catalan numbers of Garsia and Haiman .	In the present paper we will define a mysterious `` combinatorial symmetry '' between the two arrangements and show that this symmetry preserves a great deal of information .	For example , the Shi and Ish arrangements share the same characteristic polynomial , the same numbers of regions , bounded regions , dominant regions , regions with $ c $ `` ceilings '' and $ d $ `` degrees of freedom '' , etc .
+0	The model of cylindrical gravitational waves is employed to work out and check a recent proposal in Ref .	[ 11 ] how a diffeomorphism-invariant Hamiltonian dynamics is to be constructed .	The starting point is the action by Ashtekar and Pierri because it contains the boundary term that makes it differentiable for non-trivial variations at infinity .	With the help of parametrization at infinity , the notion of gauge transformation is clearly separated from that of asymptotic symmetry .	The symplectic geometry of asymptotic symmetries and asymptotic time is described and the role of the asymptotic structures in defining a zero-motion frame for the Hamiltonian dynamics of Dirac observables is explained .
+3	Twenty-one sources in the sample show signatures of binarity/multiplicity , with separations ranging from 50 to 5000 AU .	We present high angular resolution 1.3 mm and 850 um dust continuum data obtained with the Submillimeter Array toward 33 Class 0 protostars in nearby clouds ( distance & lt ; 500 pc ) , which represents so far the largest survey toward protostellar binary/multiple systems .	The median angular resolution in the survey is 2.5 arcsec , while the median linear resolution is approximately 600 AU .	Compact dust continuum emission is observed from all sources in the sample .	The numbers of singles , binaries , triples , and quadruples in the sample are 12 , 14 , 5 , and 2 , respectively .
+1	We detected a dim X-ray source in the SIS data at the position consistent to SAX J1808.4-3658 .	The accretion-powered millisecond X-ray pulsar , SAX J1808.4-3658 , was observed in quiescence with ASCA in September 1999 .	The source count rate was ( 1.1+-0.4 ) x10E-3 cts/s ( 0.5-5 keV ) for a single SIS , which corresponds to ( 3+-1 ) x10E-14 ergs/s/cmE2 if a power law energy spectrum of photon index 2 with low-energy absorption corresponding to a hydrogen column density of 1.3x10E21 cmE-2 is assumed .	The statistical quality of the data was insufficient to constrain the energy spectrum or to detect the 401 Hz coherent pulsation .	We compare the data with the BeppoSAX observation also made during the quiescent state , and find that the X-ray flux measured by ASCA is at least a factor of 4 smaller than that measured by BeppoSAX .
+4	These methods lead to accurate and efficient numerical approximations to the scattering equations .	Wavelets are a useful basis for constructing solutions of the integral and differential equations of scattering theory .	Wavelet bases efficiently represent functions with smooth structures on different scales , and the matrix representation of operators in a wavelet basis are well-approximated by sparse matrices .	The basis functions are related to solutions of a linear renormalization group equation , and the basis functions have structure on all scales .	Numerical methods based on this renormalization group equation are discussed .
+2	A more refined method , named call subsumption , considers that a subgoal A will consume from a subgoal B if A is subsumed by ( an instance of ) B , thus allowing greater answer reuse .	Tabled evaluation is an implementation technique that solves some problems of traditional Prolog systems in dealing with recursion and redundant computations .	Most tabling engines determine if a tabled subgoal will produce or consume answers by using variant checks .	We recently developed an extension , called Retroactive Call Subsumption , that improves upon call subsumption by supporting bidirectional sharing of answers between subsumed/subsuming subgoals .	In this paper , we present both an algorithm and an extension to the table space data structures to efficiently implement instance retrieval of subgoals for subsumptive tabled evaluation of logic programs .
+0	The problem of integrability of the mixmaster model as a dynamical system with finite degrees of freedom is investigated .	The model belongs to the class of pseudo-Euclidean generalized Toda chains .	It is presented as a quasi-homogeneous system after transformations of phase variables .	An application of the method of getting of Kovalevskaya exponents to the model leads to the generalized Adler -- van Moerbeke formula on root vectors .	A generalized Cartan matrix is constructed with use of simple root vectors in Minkowski space .
+1	Candidate systems were selected from a catalogue of WD+MS binaries , based on the surface gravities and effective temperatures of the WDs .	We present the first results of a dedicated search for pulsating white dwarfs ( WDs ) in detached white dwarf plus main-sequence binaries .	We observed a total of 26 systems using ULTRACAM mounted on ESO 's 3.5m New Technology Telescope ( NTT ) at La Silla .	Our photometric observations reveal pulsations in seven WDs of our sample , including the first pulsating white dwarf with a main-sequence companion in a post common envelope binary , SDSSJ1136+0409 .	Asteroseismology of these new pulsating systems will provide crucial insight into how binary interactions , particularly the common envelope phase , affect the internal structure and evolution of WDs .
+2	Given an arbitrary compactly generated locally compact Hausdorff topological group $ G $ , we consider the canonical action of $ G $ on the closed unit ball of $ L^ { 1 } ( G ) ' \cong L^ { \infty } ( G ) $ endowed with the corresponding weak- $ ^ { \ast } $ topology .	We introduce a notion of topological entropy for continuous actions of compactly generated topological groups on compact Hausdorff spaces .	It is shown that any continuous action of a compactly generated topological group on a compact Hausdorff space with vanishing topological entropy is amenable .	We prove that this action has vanishing topological entropy if and only if $ G $ is compact .	Furthermore , we show that the considered action has infinite topological entropy if $ G $ is almost connected and non-compact .
+1	The approach is based on Description and Logic Mismatch Probability of a BPEL Process that will be reused within potential contexts .	This work proposes a quantitative metric to analyze potential reusability of a BPEL ( Business Process Execution Language ) Process .	The mismatch probabilities have been consolidated to a metric formula for quantifying the probability of potential reuse of BPEL processes .	An initial empirical evaluation suggests that the proposed metric properly predict potential reusability of BPEL processes .	According to the experiment , there exists a significant statistical correlation between results of the metric and the experts judgements .
+0	We present a multi-wavelength study of the radio-loud narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy ( NLSy1 ) , 1H 0323+342 , detected by Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope .	Multi-band light curves show many orphan X-ray and optical flares having no corresponding { \gamma } -ray counterparts .	Such anomalous variability behavior can be due to different locations of the emission region from the central source .	During a large flare , { \gamma } -ray flux doubling time scale as small as $ \sim $ 3 hours is noticed .	We built spectral energy distribution ( SED ) during different activity states and modeled them using an one-zone leptonic model .
+3	In this paper we will present an alternative approach , involving blow-ups rather than asymptotics .	In \cite { HO1 } , it was shown that there is a topology on $ \C^2\sqcup S^3 $ homeomorphic to a 4-ball such that the H\'enon mapping extends continuously .	That paper used a delicate analysis of some asymptotic expansions , for instance , to understand the structure of forward images of lines near infinity .	The computations were quite difficult , and it is not clear how to generalize them to other rational maps .	We apply it here only to H\'enon mappings and their compositions , but the method should work quite generally , and help to understand the dynamics of rational maps $ f : \Proj^2\ratto\Proj^2 $ with points of indeterminacy .
+2	Expression for the effective brane cosmological constant in such model has been derived .	Hubble expansion in warped braneworld model is addressed in presence of more than one warped extra dimensions .	It is shown that while the expansion depends on all the moduli , an exponential nature of the expansion of the scale factor emerges as a generic feature which is independent of the number of extra dimensions .	It is shown that similar to the 5-dimensional Randall-Sundrum model a fine tuning between the bulk cosmological constant and brane tension is required to obtain the desired cosmological constant on the brane .	The length of the extra dimensions are determined in such scenario .
+0	A fixing set $ \mathcal { F } $ of a graph $ G $ is a set of those vertices of the graph $ G $ which when assigned distinct labels removes all the automorphisms from the graph except the trivial one .	The fixing number of a graph $ G $ , denoted by $ fix ( G ) $ , is the smallest cardinality of a fixing set of $ G $ .	In this paper , we study the fixing number of composition product , $ G_1 [ G_2 ] $ and corona product , $ G_1 \odot G_2 $ of two graphs $ G_1 $ and $ G_2 $ with orders $ m $ and $ n $ respectively .	We show that for a connected graph $ G_1 $ and an arbitrary graph $ G_2 $ having $ l\geq 1 $ components $ G_2^1 $ , $ G_2^2 $ , ... $ G_2^l , $ $ mn-1\geq fix ( G_1 [ G_2 ] ) \geq m\left ( \sum \limits_ { i=1 } ^ { l } fix ( G_2^i ) \right ) $ .	For a connected graph $ G_1 $ and an arbitrary graph $ G_2 $ , which are not asymmetric , we prove that $ fix ( G_1\odot G_2 ) =m fix ( G_2 ) $ .
+3	Here , we discuss a special family of non-locally AdS3 solutions to chiral gravity .	Chiral gravity admits asymptotically AdS3 solutions that are not locally equivalent to AdS3 ; meaning that solutions do exist which , while obeying the strong boundary conditions usually imposed in General Relativity , happen not to be Einstein spaces .	In Topologically Massive Gravity ( TMG ) , the existence of non-Einstein solutions is particularly connected to the question about the role played by complex saddle points in the Euclidean path integral .	Consequently , studying ( the existence of ) non-locally AdS3 solutions to chiral gravity is relevant to understand the quantum theory .	In particular , we show that such solutions persist when one deforms the theory by adding the higher-curvature terms of the so-called New Massive Gravity ( NMG ) .
+1	In [ 2 ] we defined BG-rank ( \pi ) as an alternating sum of parities of parts .	Let \pi be a partition .	This statistic was employed to generalize and refine the famous Ramanujan modulo 5 partition congruence .	Let p_j ( n ) ( a_ { t , j } ( n ) ) denote a number of partitions ( t-cores ) of n with BG-rank=j .	Here , we provide an elegant combinatorial proof that 5|p_j ( 5n+4 ) by showing that the residue of the 5-core crank mod 5 divides the partitions enumerated by p_j ( 5n+4 ) into five equal classes .
+4	Qualitative agreement is reached with some recent experiments .	The adsorption of highly \textit { oppositely } charged flexible polyelectrolytes ( PEs ) on a charged planar substrate is investigated by means of Monte Carlo ( MC ) simulations .	We study in detail the equilibrium structure of the first few PE layers .	The influence of the chain length and of a ( extra ) non-electrostatic short range attraction between the polycations and the negatively charged substrate is considered .	We show that the stability as well as the microstructure of the PE layers are especially sensitive to the strength of this latter interaction .
+0	We review the mechanisms via which an external magnetic field can affect the ground state of cold and dense quark matter .	In the absence of a magnetic field , at asymptotically high densities , cold quark matter is in the Color-Flavor-Locked ( CFL ) phase of color superconductivity characterized by three scales : the superconducting gap , the gluon Meissner mass , and the baryonic chemical potential .	When an applied magnetic field becomes comparable with each of these scales , new phases and/or condensates may emerge .	They include the magnetic CFL ( MCFL ) phase that becomes relevant for fields of the order of the gap scale ; the paramagnetic CFL , important when the field is of the order of the Meissner mass , and a spin-one condensate associated to the magnetic moment of the Cooper pairs , significant at fields of the order of the chemical potential .	We discuss the equation of state ( EoS ) of MCFL matter for a large range of field values and consider possible applications of the magnetic effects on dense quark matter to the astrophysics of compact stars .
+2	High precision measurements of the mass composition of primary cosmic rays at knee energy will be very useful to disentangle the problem .	This paper briefly summarizes the status of the cosmic ray observations by EAS ( Extended Air Shower ) experiments with energy below 10**16eV and the related studies of the hadronic interaction models .	Based on the observed sharp knee structure and the irregularities of the cosmic ray spectrum around knee energy , plus the newly discovered electron and positron excess , the origin of the galactic cosmic rays and the single source model interpretation are discussed , but convincing evidence is not yet available .	To reach this goal , a better understanding of the hadronic interaction models is crucial .	It is good to see that more dedicated accelerator and cosmic ray experiments will be conducted soon .
+4	We distinguish two types of mapping that pertain to the steady-state and dynamical operation respectively and elucidate their limitations .	We explore similarities between the quantum wells and quantum dots used as optical gain media in semiconductor lasers .	We formulate a mapping procedure which allows a simpler , often analytical , description of quantum well lasers to study more complex lasers based on quantum dots .	The key observation in relating the two classes of laser is that the influence of a finite capture time on the operation of quantum dot lasers can be approximated well by a suitable choice of the gain compression factor in quantum well lasers .	Our findings are applied to the rate equations for both conventional ( spin-unpolarized ) and spin lasers in which spin-polarized carriers are injected optically or electrically .
+3	With the help of a mean-field approximation , we present a broad qualitative picture of the various phase diagrams that can be found in these systems .	We present a comprehensive study of phase transitions in single-field systems that relax to a non-equilibrium global steady state .	The mechanism we focus on is not the so-called Stratonovich drift combined with collective effects , but is instead similar to the one associated with noise-induced transitions a la Horsthemke-Lefever in zero-dimensional systems .	As a consequence , the noise interpretation ( e.g. , Ito vs Stratonvich ) merely shifts the phase boundaries .	To complement the theoretical analysis we present numerical simulations that confirm the findings of the mean-field theory .
+1	The result holds irrespective of the parametric form of the mixture components and under assumptions on the prior distribution weaker than those routinely made in the literature on Bayesian analysis of finite mixtures .	The posterior distribution of the number of components k in a finite mixture satisfies a set of inequality constraints .	The inequality constraints can be used to perform an `` internal '' consistency check of MCMC estimates of the posterior distribution of k and to provide improved estimates which are required to satisfy the constraints .	Bounds on the posterior probability of k components are derived using the constraints .	Implications on prior distribution specification and on the adequacy of the posterior distribution of k as a tool for selecting an adequate number of components in the mixture are also explored .
+2	Spatially resolved , longslit profiles of the Halpha+ [ N II ] lines have been observed across several of these features with the MES combined with the SPM 2.1m telescope ; these are compared with the [ N II ] 6584 , [ O III ] 5007 , HeII 6560 and Halpha profiles obtained over the nebular core .	A deep , continuum-subtracted , image of NGC 7293 has been obtained in the light of the Halpha+ [ N II ] emission lines .	New images of two filamentary halo stuctures have been obtained and the possible detection of a collimated outflow made .	The central HeII emission is originating in a ~0.34pc diameter spherical volume expanding at & lt ; =12km/s which is surrounded , and partially coincident with an [ O III ] emitting inner shell expanding at 12km/s .	The bright helical structure surrounding this inner region is modelled as a bi-polar nebula with lobe expansions of 25km/s whose axis is tilted at 37deg to the sight line but with a toroidal waist itself expanding at 14 km/s .
+0	Three-scale homogenization procedure is proposed in this paper to provide estimates of the effective thermal conductivities of porous carbon-carbon textile composites .	On each scale - the level of fiber tow ( micro-scale ) , the level of yarns ( meso-scale ) and the level of laminate ( macro-scale ) - a two step homogenization procedure based on the Mori-Tanaka averaging scheme is adopted .	This involves evaluation of the effective properties first in the absence of pores .	In the next step , an ellipsoidal pore is introduced into a new , generally orthotropic , matrix to make provision for the presence of crimp voids and transverse and delamination cracks resulting from the thermal transformation of a polymeric precursor into the carbon matrix .	Other sources of imperfections also attributed to the manufacturing processes , including non-uniform texture of the reinforcements , are taken into consideration through the histograms of inclination angles measured along the fiber tow path together with a particular shape of the equivalent ellipsoidal inclusion .
+1	They provide a setting appropriate for the analysis of many variational problems .	Roughly speaking , holonomic measures are parametric varifolds without boundary .	In this paper , we characterize the space of variations for these objects , and we use the characterization to formulate stability conditions that are strictly more general than the Euler-Lagrange equations .	We also use this characterization to deduce higher-dimensional analogues of energy conservation and weak KAM .	Along the way , we characterize the distributions that arise as derivatives of families of Borel probability measures on smooth manifolds .
+0	Although starburst galaxies have relatively flat spectral energy distributions , their strong optical emission lines and near-UV continua make it very feasible to estimate their redshifts photometrically .	In this work , I describe a photometric technique that simultaneously ( 1 ) identifies galaxies by star formation rate and ( 2 ) measures their redshifts with an accuracy of sigma_z = 0.05 for objects at z & lt ; 1 .	( An extension of the technique is potentially feasible , with the use of near-infrared colors , to 1.6 & lt ; z & lt ; 2.5 . )	Applying this technique to a deep multicolor field survey reveals a large excess population of strongly star-forming galaxies at z & gt ; 0.3 compared with z & lt ; 0.3 .	Followup with spectroscopy and near-infrared photometry confirms their presence , and suggests that some of them may be in the midst of their initial burst of star formation .
+1	The base solver is a total variation diminishing Lax-Friedrichs scheme in a finite volume setting and is combined with a diffusive approach for controlling magnetic monopole errors .	A robust second order , shock-capturing numerical scheme for multi-dimensional special relativistic magnetohydrodynamics on computational domains with adaptive mesh refinement is presented .	The consistency between the primitive and conservative variables is ensured at all limited reconstructions and the spatial part of the four velocity is used as a primitive variable .	Demonstrative relativistic examples are shown to validate the implementation .	We recover known exact solutions to relativistic MHD Riemann problems , and simulate the shock-dominated long term evolution of Lorentz factor 7 vortical flows distorting magnetic island chains .
+4	In the extreme case of a perfectly localized edge mode , the entanglement spectrum is gapless even if the smaller partition consists of a single edge row .	We study the entanglement spectrum of a Chern insulator on a cylinder geometry , with the cut separating the two partitions taken parallel to the cylinder edge , at varying distances from the edge .	In contrast to similar studies on a torus , there is only one cut , and hence only one virtual edge mode in the entanglement spectrum .	The entanglement spectrum has a gap when the cut is close enough to the physical edge of the cylinder such that the edge mode spatially extends over the cut .	This effect is suppressed for parameter choices where the edge mode is sharply localized at the edge .
+2	Two simple examples are worked out with certain detail , the ADE graph $ A_ { 3 } $ and the affine graph $ A_ { [ 2 ] } $ .	Given any simple biorientable graph it is shown that there exists a weak { * } -Hopf algebra constructed on the vector space of graded endomorphisms of essential paths on the graph .	This construction is based on a direct sum decomposition of the space of paths into orthogonal subspaces one of which is the space of essential paths .	For the first example the weak { * } -Hopf algebra coincides with the so called double triangle algebra .	No use is made of Ocneanu 's cell calculus .
+2	However , these non-local corrections can be effectively treated as local corrections by using the theory of harmonic extensions of functions .	In this paper we will demonstrate that like the existence of a minimum measurable length , the existence of a maximum measurable momentum , also influence all quantum mechanical systems .	Beyond the simple one dimensional case , the existence of a maximum momentum will induce non-local corrections to the first quantized Hamiltonian .	We will also analyses the second quantization of this deformed first quantized theory .	Finally , we will analyses the gauge symmetry corresponding to this deformed theory .
+1	The simulations are unique because we model feedback-regulated galaxy formation , using time-dependent , spatially-inhomogeneous radiative transfer coupled to hydrodynamics .	In two previous papers , we presented simulations of the first galaxies in a representative volume of the Universe .	Here , we study the properties of simulated primordial dwarf galaxies with masses & lt ; 2x10^8 Msolar and investigate their impact on the intergalactic medium .	While many primordial galaxies are dark , about 100 -- 500 per comoving Mpc^3 are luminous but relatively faint .	They form preferentially in chain structures , and have low surface brightness stellar spheroids extending to 20 % of the virial radius .
+1	Firstly , the distribution was obtained using archival data from all major X-ray observatories and corrected for the selection effect that phase zero ( superior conjunction of the black hole ) has been preferentially observed .	We present results of a comprehensive study of the distribution of absorption dips with orbital phase in Cygnus X-1 .	Dip occurrence was seen to vary strongly with orbital phase \phi , with a peak at \phi ~ 0.95 , i.e.was not symmetric about phase zero .	Secondly , the RXTE ASM has provided continuous coverage of the Low State of Cygnus X-1 since Sept. 1996 , and we have selected dip data based on increases in hardness ratio .	The distribution , with much increased numbers of dip events , confirms that the peak is at \phi ~ 0.95 , and we report the discovery of a second peak at \phi ~ 0.6 .
+3	on the production cross sections are derived and bounds on the parameters of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model are set .	The data recorded by the ALEPH detector at centre-of-mass energies of 161 , 170 , and 172 GeV are analysed for signals of chargino and neutralino production .	No evidence of a signal is found , although candidate events consistent with the expectations from Standard Model processes are observed .	Limits at 95 % C.L .	The lower limit on the mass of the lightest chargino is 85.5 GeV/c^2 for gaugino-like charginos ( mu = -500 GeV/c^2 ) , and 85.0 GeV/c^2 for Higgsino-like charginos ( M_2 = 500 GeV/c^2 ) , for heavy sneutrinos ( M ( snu ) & gt ; 200 GeV/c^2 ) and tanb = sqrt ( 2 ) .
+3	With the overall binding still rather weak the relative stability of the two isomers is thereby reduced at Ag ( 111 ) and Au ( 111 ) .	We present a density-functional theory trend study addressing the binding of the trans-cis conformational switch azobenzene ( C6H5-N=N-C6H5 ) at three coinage metal surfaces .	From the reported detailed energetic , geometric , and electronic structure data we conclude that the governing factor for the molecule-surface interaction is a competition between covalent bonding of the central azo ( -N=N- ) bridge on the one hand and the surface interaction of the two closed-shell phenyl ( -C6H5 ) rings on the other .	With respect to this factor the cis conformer exhibits a more favorable gas-phase geometric structure and is thus more stabilized at the studied surfaces .	This is significantly different at Cu ( 111 ) , where the cis bonding is strong enough to even reverse the gas-phase energetic order at the level of the employed semi-local electronic exchange and correlation ( xc ) functional .
+4	We show ( a ) that the spontaneous formation of SFs depends on the junction length , ( b ) that the ground state without SFs can be converted to a state with SFs by applying a bias current , ( c ) that the SF configuration can be rearranged by the bias current .	We investigate numerically a long Josephson junction with several phase pi-discontinuity points .	Such junctions are usually fabricated as a ramp between an anisotropic cuprate superconductor like YBCO and an isotropic metal superconductor like Nb .	From the top , they look like zigzags with pi-jumps of the Josephson phase at the corners .	These pi-jumps , at certain conditions , lead to the formation of half-integer flux quanta , which we call semifluxons ( SF ) , pinned at the corners .
+3	The equatorial ring is highly disrupted and many radial features ( filamentary wisps and cometary knots ) also evidence strong dynamical effects .	The planetary nebula ( PN ) NGC 6778 harbors a binary central star with a short orbital period and displays two systems of fast collimated outflows .	In order to assess the influence of the evolution through a common-envelope phase of the binary system of NGC 6778 on its formation and shaping , we have used narrow-band images and high-dispersion long-slit spectra of the nebula to investigate its detailed morphology and kinematics .	We find that the overall structure of NGC 6778 can be described as a bipolar PN .	There are clear connections between the bipolar lobes and the fast collimated outflows : the collimated outflows seem to arise from bright knots at the tips of the bipolar lobes , whereas the kinematics of the bipolar lobes is distorted .
+1	Every new type system feature requires extending the metatheory and implementation , which are often complicated and fragile .	Designing and implementing typed programming languages is hard .	To ease this process , we would like to provide general mechanisms that subsume many different features .	In modern type systems , parametric polymorphism is fundamental , but intersection polymorphism has gained little traction in programming languages .	Most practical intersection type systems have supported only refinement intersections , which increase the expressiveness of types ( more precise properties can be checked ) without altering the expressiveness of terms ; refinement intersections can simply be erased during compilation .
+1	The RGF-distribution is completely determined by the a priori values of the total number of words in the text ( M ) , the number of distinct words ( N ) and the number of repetitions of the most common word ( k_max ) .	The word-frequency distribution of a text written by an author is well accounted for by a maximum entropy distribution , the RGF ( random group formation ) -prediction .	It is here shown that this maximum entropy prediction also describes a text written in Chinese characters .	In particular it is shown that although the same Chinese text written in words and Chinese characters have quite differently shaped distributions , they are nevertheless both well predicted by their respective three a priori characteristic values .	It is pointed out that this is analogous to the change in the shape of the distribution when translating a given text to another language .
+4	These properties show that it is possible to move the fluoride family toward functional applications with unique responses .	In this study we show from first principles calculations the possibility to induce multiferroic and magnetoelectric functional properties in the Pnma NaMnF3 fluoroperovskite by means of epitaxial strain engineering .	Surprisingly , we found a very strong non-linear polarization-strain coupling that drives an atypical amplification of the ferroelectric polarization for either compression or expansion of the cell .	This property is associated with a non-collinear antiferromagnetic ordering , which induces a weak ferromagnetism and thus , making the strained NaMnF3 fluoroperovskite multiferroic .	We also calculate the magnetoelectric response and we found it to be composed by linear and non-linear components with amplitudes similar to the ones of Cr2O3 .
+0	The inherent coupling of optical and mechanical modes in high finesse optical microresonators provide a natural , highly sensitive transduction mechanism for micromechanical vibrations .	Using homodyne and polarization spectroscopy techniques , we achieve shot-noise limited displacement sensitivities of 10^ ( -19 ) m Hz^ ( -1/2 ) .	In an unprecedented manner , this enables the detection and study of a variety of mechanical modes , which are identified as radial breathing , flexural and torsional modes using 3-dimensional finite element modelling .	Furthermore , a broadband equivalent displacement noise is measured and found to agree well with models for thermorefractive noise in silica dielectric cavities .	Implications for ground-state cooling , displacement sensing and Kerr squeezing are discussed .
+2	However due to ac-Stark associated quantum noise the signal-to-noise ratio of EIT-based magnetometers attains a maximum value at a certain laser intensity .	We analyze systematic ( classical ) and fundamental ( quantum ) limitations of the sensitivity of optical magnetometers resulting from ac-Stark shifts .	We show that in contrast to absorption-based techniques , the signal reduction associated with classical broadening can be compensated in magnetometers based on phase measurements using electromagnetically induced transparency ( EIT ) .	This value is independent on the quantum statistics of the light and defines a standard quantum limit of sensitivity .	We demonstrate that an EIT-based optical magnetometer in Faraday configuration is the best candidate to achieve the highest sensitivity of magnetic field detection and give a detailed analysis of such a device .
+1	In an inertial confinement fusion ( ICF ) capsule , such transport causes fuel ion separation even with a target initially prepared to have equal number densities for the two fuel ion species .	Electric field is a thermodynamic force that can drive collisional inter-ion-species transport in a multicomponent plasma .	Unlike the baro-diffusion driven by ion pressure gradient and the thermo-diffusion driven by ion and electron temperature gradients , electro-diffusion has a critical dependence on the charge-to-mass ratio of the ion species .	Specifically , it is shown here that electro-diffusion vanishes if the ion species have the same charge-to-mass ratio .	An explicit expression for the electro-diffusion ratio is obtained and used to investigate the relative importance of electro- and baro-diffusion mechanisms .
+2	It leads to a boundary state associated with a lower dimensional moving D-brane or a stationary instantonic D-brane .	We compute the boundary state associated with a moving D $ p $ -brane in the presence of the open string tachyon field as a background field .	The effect of the tachyon condensation on the boundary state will be discussed .	The former originates from condensation along the spatial directions and the latter comes from the temporal direction of the D-brane 's worldvolume .	Using the boundary state we also study the interaction amplitude between two arbitrary D $ p_1 $ and D $ p_2 $ -branes .
+3	The report is based on Phys.Rev .	The equation of motion for a point particle in the background field of double field theory is considered .	We find that the motion is described by a geodesic flow in the doubled geometry .	Inspired by analysis on the particle motion , we propose a modified model of quantum string cosmology , which includes two scale factors .	D84 ( 2011 ) 124049 [ arXiv:1108.5795 ] .
+0	Influence maximization is the problem of selecting top $ k $ seed nodes in a social network to maximize their influence coverage under certain influence diffusion models .	In this paper , we propose a novel algorithm IRIE that integrates a new message passing based influence ranking ( IR ) , and influence estimation ( IE ) methods for influence maximization in both the independent cascade ( IC ) model and its extension IC-N that incorporates negative opinion propagations .	Through extensive experiments , we demonstrate that IRIE matches the influence coverage of other algorithms while scales much better than all other algorithms .	Moreover IRIE is more robust and stable than other algorithms both in running time and memory usage for various density of networks and cascade size .	It runs up to two orders of magnitude faster than other state-of-the-art algorithms such as PMIA for large networks with tens of millions of nodes and edges , while using only a fraction of memory comparing with PMIA .
+1	To this end , we propose a setup composed of two elements : an X-ray mirrors pair for X-ray beam deflection , and a 4 m-long magnetic chicane , which creates an offset for mirrors pair installation in the middle of the baseline undulator .	The LCLS beam is meant for a single user , but the baseline undulator is long enough to serve two users simultaneously .	The insertable mirrors pair can separate spatially the X-ray beams generated in the first and in the second half of the baseline undulator .	Rapid switching of the FEL amplification process allows deactivating one half and activating another half of the undulator .	As proposed elsewhere , using a kicker installed upstream of the LCLS baseline undulator and an already existing corrector in the first half of the undulator , it is possible to rapidly switch the X-ray beam from one user to another .
+1	Our results are based on a suite of updated measurements of physical properties of the high-redshift intergalactic medium ( IGM ) , including gas temperatures and the opacity of the IGM to Ly-alpha and ionizing photons .	We present new measurements of the intensity of the ionizing ultraviolet background and the global emissivity of ionizing photons over 2 & lt ; z & lt ; 5 .	Consistent with previous works , we find a relatively flat hydrogen photoionization rate over 2 & lt ; z & lt ; 5 , although our measurements are roughly a factor of two higher than the 2008 values of Faucher-Giguere et al. , due primarily to our lower gas temperatures .	The ionizing emissivity we derive is also generally higher than other recent estimates due to a combination of lower gas temperatures , higher ionizing opacity , and an accounting of cosmological radiative transfer effects .	We find evidence that the emissivity increases from z~3 to 5 , reaching ~5 ionizing photons per atom per gigayear at z=4.75 for realistic galaxy spectra .
+0	Hot accretion tori around a compact object are known to be susceptible to a global hydrodynamical instability , the so-called Papaloizou-Pringle ( PP ) instability , arising from the interaction of non-axisymmetric waves across the corotation radius , where the wave pattern speed matches the fluid rotation rate .	However , accretion tori produced in various astrophysical situations ( e.g. , collapsars and neutron star binary mergers ) are likely to be highly magnetized .	We study the effect of magnetic fields on the PP instability in incompressible tori with various magnetic strengths and structures .	In general , toroidal magnetic fields have significant effects on the PP instability : For thin tori ( with the fractional width relative to the outer torus radius much less than unity ) , the instability is suppressed at large field strengths with the corresponding toroidal Alfven speed $ v_ { A\phi } \go 0.2r\Omega $ ( where $ \Omega $ is the flow rotation rate ) .	For thicker tori ( with the fractional width of order 0.4 or larger ) , which are hydrodynamically stable , the instability sets in for sufficiently strong magnetic fields ( with $ v_ { A\phi } \go 0.2 r\Omega $ ) .
+3	There are applications to automatic continuity of linear forms on $ L^2 $ .	The ranges of a certain type of second order differential operator , on a Sobolev subspace of the Lebesgue space $ L^2 $ of the circle group , can be characterised by the vanishing of the Fourier coefficients at ( generally ) two integers that are the zeros of the multiplier of the operator .	It is proved here that the range of any such operator may be alternatively described as comprising those functions in $ L^2 $ that are the sum of five generalised second order differences , each such difference involving the zeros of the multiplier .	In fact , higher order operators and differences are considered .	This work is related to earlier work of G. Meisters and W. Schmidt who derived , in effect , a description of the range of the ordinary differentiation operator D ( whose multiplier vanishes at 0 ) in terms of first order differences .
+0	The thermal resistivity and its scaling function in quasi-2D $ ^4 $ He systems are studied by Monte Carlo and spin-dynamics simulation .	We use the classical 3D XY model on $ L\times L\times H $ lattices with $ L\gg H $ , applying open boundary condition along the $ H $ direction and periodic boundary conditions along the $ L $ directions .	A hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm is adopted to efficiently deal with the critical slowing down and to produce initial states for time integration .	Fourth-order Suzuki-Trotter decomposition method of exponential operators is used to solve numerically the coupled equations of motion for each spin .	The thermal conductivity is calculated by a dynamic current-current correlation function .
+4	Fixing any 3 points on a pair of surfaces , there is a 1-1 correspondence between the set of surface diffeomorphisms between them and the set of BCs .	In shape analysis , finding an optimal 1-1 correspondence between surfaces within a large class of admissible bijective mappings is of great importance .	Such process is called surface registration .	The difficulty lies in the fact that the space of all surface diffeomorphisms is a complicated functional space , making exhaustive search for the best mapping challenging .	To tackle this problem , we propose a simple representation of bijective surface maps using Beltrami coefficients ( BCs ) , which are complex-valued functions defined on surfaces with supreme norm less than 1 .
+1	We analytically derive a microscopic generalization of the Bloch law for the Heisenberg spin model which takes into account the effects of size , shape and various surface boundary conditions .	The temperature dependence of magnetization in ferromagnetic nanostructures ( e.g. , nanoparticles or nanoclusters ) is usually analyzed by means of an empirical extension of the Bloch law sufficiently flexible for a good fitting to the observed data and indicates a strong softening of magnetic coupling compared to the bulk material .	The result establishes explicit connection to the microscopic parameters and differs significantly from the existing description .	In particular , we show with a specific example that the latter may be misleading and grossly overestimates magnetic softening in nanoparticles .	It becomes clear why the usual $ T^ { 3/2 } $ dependence appears to be valid in some nanostructures , while large deviations are a general rule .
+2	For Green 's function an equation of the Larkin type is derived and solved in a one-loop approximation for the case of two dimensions and nearest-neighbor hopping .	The diagram technique for the one-band Hubbard model is formulated for the case of moderate to strong Hubbard repulsion .	The expansion in powers of the hopping constant is expressed in terms of site cumulants of electron creation and annihilation operators .	With decreasing the electron concentration in addition to the four bands observed at half-filling a narrow band arises near the Fermi level .	The dispersion of the new band , its bandwidth and the variation with filling are close to those of the spin-polaron band in the t-J model .
+4	Instead , they may result from acoustic instabilities that amplify at small galactic radii .	Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope reveal an irregular network of dust spiral arms in the nuclear region of the interacting disk galaxy NGC 2207 .	The spirals extend from ~50 pc to ~300 pc in galactocentric radius , with a projected width of ~20 pc .	Radiative transfer calculations determine the gas properties of the spirals and the inner disk , and imply a factor of ~4 local gas compression in the spirals .	The gas is not strongly self-gravitating , nor is there a nuclear bar , so the spirals could not have formed by the usual mechanisms applied to main galaxy disks .
+3	We study differentiability in the variational or Malliavin sense and derive equations that are satisfied by the Malliavin gradient processes .	We investigate solutions of backward stochastic differential equations ( BSDE ) with time delayed generators driven by Brownian motions and Poisson random measures , that constitute the two components of a Levy process .	In this new type of equations , the generator can depend on the past values of a solution , by feeding them back into the dynamics with a time lag .	For such time delayed BSDE , we prove existence and uniqueness of solutions provided we restrict on a sufficiently small time horizon or the generator possesses a sufficiently small Lipschitz constant .	On the chosen stochastic basis this addresses smoothness both with respect to the continuous part of our Levy process in terms of the classical Malliavin derivative for Hilbert space valued random variables , as well as with respect to the pure jump component for which it takes the form of an increment quotient operator related to the Picard difference operator .
+3	Like \tl n , the dilute \dtl n depends on a parameter \beta\in\mathbb C , often given as \beta=q+q^ { -1 } for some q\in\mathbb C^\times .	The Temperley-Lieb algebra \tln ( \beta ) can be defined as the set of rectangular diagrams with n points on each of their vertical sides , with all points joined pairwise by non-intersecting strings .	The multiplication is then the concatenation of diagrams .	The dilute Temperley-Lieb algebra \dtl n ( \beta ) has a similar diagrammatic definition where , now , points on the sides may remain free of strings .	In statistical physics , the algebra plays a central role in the study of dilute loop models .
+1	The paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition in both the compounds while cooling is accompanied by an abrupt increase of the spontaneous volume thermal expansion ( $ \Delta $ V/V = 0.07 % for x = 0.85 and 0.25 % for x = 0.2 ) .	We studied the correlation between magnetic , electrical , structural , and magnetostriction properties of the electron doped manganites Ca $ _x $ Sm $ _ { 1-x } $ MnO $ _3 $ ( x = 0.85 , 0.8 ) .	The x = 0.15 exhibits multiple phase separation at 5 K : G-type , and C-type antiferromagnetic phases in orthorhombic ( \QTR { it } { Pnma } ) and monoclinic ( \QTR { it } { P2 } $ _1 $ \QTR { it } { /m } ) structures respectively .	Magnetic study on x = 0.85 also suggest ferromagnetic regions possibly in $ Pnma $ structure coexist with the antiferromagnetic phases .	The magnetization ( M = 1.2 $ \mu_B $ ) of x = 0.85 does not reach the value expected for the complete alignment of Mn spins even at 12 T and at 12 K. Metamagnetic transitions ( C-type to Ferromagnetic ) in both compounds are accompanied by contraction of volumes under high magnetic fields .
+0	Recent measurement of time dependent asymmetries in $ B \to \phi K $ are indicative of a new source of CP violation .	We examine squark mixing in SUSY as this new source , and using QCD improved factorization method to describe $ B \to \phi K $ decay , find the allowed range of parameter space for $ \rho $ and $ \psi $ , the magnitude and phase of the down type LR ( RL ) squark mixing parameter $ \delta^ { bs } _ { LR ( RL ) } $ .	We then study $ B \to \phi K^ { * } $ and calculate the expected CP asymmetries in the same range of parameter space .	We find that this asymmetry is in the range 15 % to $ 20 % $ for acceptable value of $ B \to phi K^ { * } $ branching ratio .	We also predict the helicity dependent CP asymmetries in the same parameter space .
+3	The implied star formation rates are SFR ~ 3 to 30 solar mass per year .	We have used the first matched set of GALEX and SDSS data to investigate the properties of a sample of 74 nearby galaxies with far-ultraviolet luminosities chosen to overlap the luminosity range of typical high-z Lyman Break Galaxies ( LBGs ) .	GALEX deep surveys have shown that ultraviolet-luminous galaxies ( UVLGs ) similar to these are the fastest evolving component of the UV galaxy population .	Model fits to the combined GALEX and SDSS photometry yield typical FUV extinctions similar to LBGs .	This overlaps the range of SFRs for LBGs .
+2	This failure is traced to an enforcement of the exact resonance condition , whereas mathematically the resonance should be broadened due to the energy transfer happening on large but finite time scales .	The foundations of weak turbulence theory is explored through its application to the ( alpha ) Fermi-Pasta-Ulam ( FPU ) model , a simple weakly nonlinear dispersive system .	A direct application of the standard kinetic equations would miss interesting dynamics of the energy transfer process starting from a large-scale excitation .	By allowing for the broadened resonance , a modified three-wave kinetic equation is derived for the FPU model .	This kinetic equation produces some correct scaling predictions about the statistical dynamics of the FPU model , but does not model accurately the detailed evolution of the energy spectrum .
+3	We show that $ \log ( CAY_d ( n ) ) \in\Theta ( d ( \log n ) ^2 ) $ , as $ n\to\infty $ .	Let $ G $ be a group and let $ S $ be an inverse-closed and identity-free generating set of $ G $ .	The \emph { Cayley graph } $ \Cay ( G , S ) $ has vertex-set $ G $ and two vertices $ u $ and $ v $ are adjacent if and only if $ uv^ { -1 } \in S $ .	Let $ CAY_d ( n ) $ be the number of isomorphism classes of $ d $ -valent Cayley graphs of order at most $ n $ .	We also obtain some stronger results in the case $ d=3 $ .
+3	Thermal annealing is employed as the experimental handle to tune the disorder .	( abridged ) We present results of the disorder-induced metal-insulator-transition ( MIT ) in three-dimensional amorphous indium-oxide films .	The amorphous version studied here differs from the one reported earlier [ PRB 46 , 10917 ( 1992 ) ] in that it has a much lower carrier concentration .	As a measure of the static disorder we use the dimensionless parameter kFl .	On the metallic side of the transition , the low temperature transport exhibits weak-localization and electron-electron correlation effects characteristic of disordered electronic systems .
+2	Elementary flare bursts have been interpreted as instabilities or oscillations of the reconnection process leading to an unsteady release of magnetic energy .	RHESSI observations of a solar flare showing continuous motions of double hard X-ray sources interpreted as footpoints of magnetic loops are presented .	The temporal evolution shows many distinct emission peaks of duration of some tens of seconds ( 'elementary flare bursts ' ) .	These interpretations based on two-dimensional concepts can not explain these observations , showing that the flare elements are displaced in a third dimension along the arcade .	Therefore , the observed flare elements are not a modulation of the reconnection process , but originate as this process progresses along an arcade of magnetic loops .
+1	Our goal is to understand , in geometric terms , spaces of sections for such fibrations .	We consider quadric surface fibrations over curves , defined over algebraically closed and finite fields .	We analyze varieties of maximal isotropic subspaces in the fibers as P^1-bundles over the discriminant double cover .	When the P^1-bundle is suitably stable , we deduce effective estimates for the heights of sections over finite fields satisfying various approximation conditions .	We also discuss the behavior of the spaces of sections as the base of the fibration acquires singularities .
+1	( 2010 ; arXiv:1008.4242v1 , arXiv:1008.4242v2 ; hereafter H10 ) .	We discuss two mistreatments of damped Lya ( DLA ) kinematic analysis that were first performed by Haehnelt , Steinmetz , & amp ; Rauch ( 1998 ; hereafter HSR98 ) and have recently been repeated by Hong et al .	Each mistreatment led to the improper excising of simulated absorption profiles .	Specifically , their analyses are strictly biased against DLA sightlines that have low HI column density log NHI & lt ; 20.5 , very high NHI values , and ( for all NHI ) sightlines with low velocity width Dv ( & lt ; 30 km/s for HSR98 ; & lt ; [ 20-30 ] km/s for H10 ) .	None of these biases exist in the observational analysis .
+1	Knotted in different ways , the device mechanically acquires a uniquely determined ( up to isometry ) normal form at least when the original knot diagram has a small number of crossings , thus outperforming the famous M\ '' obius energy due to Jun O'Hara and studied by Michael Freedman et al .	A new type of knot energy is presented via real life experiments involving a thin resilient metallic tube .	Various properties of the device are described ( under certain conditions it does the Reidemeister and Markov moves , it beautifully performs the Whitney trick by uniformizing its own local curvature ) .	If the device is constrained between two parallel planes ( e.g.glass panes ) , it yields a real life model of a flat knot ( class of knot diagrams equivalent under Reidemeister $ \Omega_2 $ and $ \Omega_3 $ moves ) also leading to uniquely determined `` flat normal forms '' ( for a small number of crossing points of the given flat knot diagram ) .	The paper concludes with two mathematical theorems , one reducing the knot recognition problem to the flat knot recognition problem , the other ( due to S.V.Matveev ) giving an easily computable complete system of invariants for the flat unknot knot equivalence problem .
+2	By using the recent result of the first two authors on mean values of multiplicative functions in short intervals , we strengthen Hildebrand 's result by proving that each of these eight sign patterns occur with positive lower natural density .	Let $ \lambda $ and $ \mu $ denote the Liouville and M\ '' obius functions respectively .	Hildebrand showed that all eight possible sign patterns for $ ( \lambda ( n ) , \lambda ( n+1 ) , \lambda ( n+2 ) ) $ occur infinitely often .	We also obtain an analogous result for the nine possible sign patterns for $ ( \mu ( n ) , \mu ( n+1 ) ) $ .	A new feature in the latter argument is the need to demonstrate that a certain random graph is almost surely connected .
+2	The main conclusions are as follows .	Today it is widely believed that $ s $ -channel excitation of an on-shell~ $ W $ boson , commonly known as the Glashow resonance , can be initiated in matter only by the electron antineutrino in the process $ \bar\nu_ee^-\rightarrow W^- $ at the laboratory energy around~6.3~PeV .	In this paper we argue that the Glashow resonance within the Standard Model also occurs in neutrino -- nucleus collisions .	1 ) ~The Glashow resonance can be excited by both~neutrinos and~antineutrinos of all the three flavors scattering in the Coulomb field of a nucleus .	2 ) ~The Glashow resonance in a neutrino -- nucleus reaction does not manifest itself as a Breit -- Wigner-like peak in the cross section but the latter exhibits instead a slow logarithmic-law growth with the neutrino energy .
+4	PAC bounds characterize worst-case learning performance of a family of classifiers whose complexity is captured by the Vapnik-Chervonenkis ( VC ) dimension .	An information-theoretic framework is presented for estimating the number of labeled samples needed to train a classifier in a parametric Bayesian setting .	Ideas from rate-distortion theory are used to derive bounds on the average $ L_1 $ or $ L_\infty $ distance between the learned classifier and the true maximum a posteriori classifier -- -which are well-established surrogates for the excess classification error due to imperfect learning -- -in terms of the differential entropy of the posterior distribution , the Fisher information of the parametric family , and the number of training samples available .	The maximum { \em a posteriori } classifier is viewed as a random source , labeled training data are viewed as a finite-rate encoding of the source , and the $ L_1 $ or $ L_\infty $ Bayes risk is viewed as the average distortion .	The result is a complementary framework to the well-known probably approximately correct ( PAC ) framework .
+0	Presently there are several classes of detected gamma-ray extragalatic sources .	They are mostly associated to active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) and ( at soft gamma rays ) to gamma-ray bursts ( GRB ) , but not only .	Active galactic nuclei consist of accreting supermassive black holes hosted by a galaxy that present in some cases powerful relativistic jet activity .	These sources , which have been studied in gamma rays for several decades , are probably the most energetic astrophysical objects , and their appearance depends much on whether their jets point to us .	Gamma-ray bursts , thought to be associated to collapsing or merging stellar-mass objects at cosmological distances , are also accreting highly relativistic jet sources that shine strongly at high energies .
+3	Coupling between dot states which peak in different regions can be achieved with the electric and magnetic fields .	We examine a graphene quantum dot formed by combining an electric and a uniform magnetic field .	The electric field creates a smooth quantum well potential while the magnetic field induces an exponential tail to the dot states .	The states peak in the well and the electrostatic barrier region as a result of the Klein tunneling effect .	The tunability of this dot with moderate external fields could be used for designing quantum devices in monolayer graphene .
+1	Our aim is to analyse statistically the wave periods , power and phase relations as a function of the magnetic field strength and inclination .	We study the properties of waves in a facular region of moderate strength in the photosphere and chromosphere .	Our work is based on observations obtained at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope ( Observatorio del Teide , Tenerife ) using two different instruments : the Triple Etalon SOlar Spectrometer ( TESOS ) , in the BaII 4554 A line to measure velocity and intensity variations through the photosphere ; and , simultaneously , the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter ( TIP-II ) , in the FeI 1.56 mm lines to the measure the Stokes parameters and magnetic field strength in the lower photosphere .	Additionally , we use the simultaneous broad-band filtergrams in the CaIIH line to obtain information about intensity oscillations in the chromosphere .	We find several clear trends in the oscillation behaviour : ( i ) the period of oscillation increases by 15-20 % with the magnetic field increasing from 500 to 1500 G ; ( ii ) the temperature-velocity phase shifts show a strikingly different distribution in the facular region compared to the quiet region , a significant number of cases in the range from -180 to 180 degrees is detected in the facula .
+0	In this paper we show that in some important cases 4-dimensional data can be extracted from superstring theory such that a ) the data are 4 Euclidean geometries embedded in standard $ \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 } $ , b ) these data depend on NS and D brane charges of some string backgrounds , c ) it is of potential relevance to 4-dimensional physics , d ) the compactification and stabilization techniques are not in use , but rather are replaced .	We analyze certain configurations of NS and D-branes in the context of $ SU ( 2 ) $ WZW model and find the correlations with different exotic smoothings of $ \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 } $ .	First , the dynamics of D-branes in $ SU ( 2 ) $ WZW model at finite $ k $ , i.e.the charges of the branes , refers to the exoticness of ambient $ \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 } $ .	Next , the correspondence between exotic smoothness on 4-space , transversal to the world volume of NS5 branes in IIA type , and the number of these NS5 branes follows .	Finally , the translation of 10 dimensional string backgrounds to 4 Euclidean spaces embedded as open subsets in the standard $ \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 } $ is achieved .
+0	We use a very simple version of the optimized ( linear ) $ \delta $ - expansion by scaling the free part of the Lagrangian with a variational parameter .	This method is well suited to calculate the renormalized coupling constant in terms of the free one and the cutoff .	One never has to calculate any new Feynman graphs but simply can modify existing results from the literature .	We find that $ \Phi _4^4 $ -theory as well as QED are free in the limit where the cutoff goes to infinity .	In contrast to this , the structure of Yang-Mills theories enforces a special choice of the Lagrangian of the $ \delta $ - expansion .
+1	This paper introduces a new pupil design that produces a very dark null along its symmetry axis .	The challenge for optical detection of terrestial planet is the 25 magnitude brightness contrast between the planet and its host star .	By changing the shape of the pupil , we can control the depth and location of this null .	This null can be further enhanced by combining this pupil with a rooftop nuller or cateye nuller and an aperture stop .	The performance of the optical system will be limited by imperfections in the mirror surface .
+1	Similarly , intertemporal choice research has shown that decision-makers undervalue future outcomes relative to immediate ones .	There is a remarkable consensus that human and non-human subjects experience temporal distortions in many stages of their perceptual and decision-making systems .	Here we combine techniques from information theory and artificial intelligence to show how both temporal distortions and intertemporal choice preferences can be explained as a consequence of the coding efficiency of sensorimotor representation .	In particular , the model implies that interactions that constrain future behavior are perceived as being both longer in duration and more valuable .	Furthermore , using simulations of artificial agents , we investigate how memory constraints enforce a renormalization of the perceived timescales .
+0	The SU ( 2 ) xU ( 1 ) Chern-Simons spin-charge gauge approach developed earlier to describe the transport properties of the cuprate superconductors in the `` pseudogap '' regime , in particular , the metal-insulator crossover of the in-plane resistivity , is generalized to the `` strange metal '' phase at higher temperature/doping .	The short-range antiferromagnetic order and the gauge field fluctuations , which were the key ingredients in the theory for the pseudogap phase , also play an important role in the present case .	The main difference between these two phases is caused by the existence of an underlying statistical $ \pi $ -flux lattice for charge carriers in the former case , whereas the background flux is absent in the latter case .	The Fermi surface then changes from small `` arcs '' in the pseudogap to a rather large closed line in the strange metal phase .	As a consequence the celebrated linear in T dependence of the in-plane and out-of-plane resistivity is shown explicitly to recover .
+3	However , we derive an absolutely minimal bound $ \Delta\phi/M_ { \rm Pl } & gt ; \sqrt { r/2 } $ on the inflaton excursion for single-field inflationary models , which can be applied to non-slow-roll inflationary models as well .	To reconcile the BICEP2 measurement on the tensor-to-scalar ratio $ r $ with Planck constraint , a large negative running of scalar spectral index $ n_s $ is needed .	So the inflationary observable such as $ n_s $ should be expanded at least to the second-order slow-roll parameters for single-field inflationary models .	The large value of $ r $ and the Lyth bound indicate that it is impossible to obtain the sub-Planckian excursion for the inflaton .	This bound excludes the possibility of the small-field inflation with $ \Delta\phi & lt ; 0.1 M_ { \rm Pl } $ if the BICEP2 result on $ r $ stands and it opens the window of sub-Planckian excursion with $ \Delta\phi & lt ; M_ { \rm Pl } $ even if $ r $ is as large as $ 0.1 $ .
+1	We investigate astrophysical contexts where a third process ( A* ) may dominate , namely the photo-disintegration of highly boosted nuclei followed by daughter de-excitation .	It is commonly assumed that high-energy gamma-rays are made via either purely electromagnetic processes or the hadronic process of pion production , followed by decay .	Starbust regions such as Cygnus OB2 appear to be promising sites for TeV gamma-ray emission via this mechanism .	A unique feature of the A* process is a sharp energy minimum ~ 10 TeV/ ( T/eV ) for gamma-ray emission from a thermal region of temperature T. We also check that a diffuse gamma-ray component resulting from the interaction of a possible extreme-energy cosmic-ray nuclei with background radiation is well below the observed EGRET data .	The A* mechanism described herein offers an important contribution to gamma-ray astronomy in the era of intense observational activity .
+2	However , the performance of all techniques is ultimately limited by the initial phase-space distribution of the molecules being analyzed .	Mass spectrometry is used in a wide range of scientific disciplines including proteomics , pharmaceutics , forensics , and fundamental physics and chemistry .	Given this ubiquity , there is a worldwide effort to improve the efficiency and resolution of mass spectrometers .	Here , we dramatically reduce the width of this initial phase-space distribution by sympathetically cooling the input molecules with laser-cooled , co-trapped atomic ions , improving both the mass resolution and detection efficiency of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer by over an order of magnitude .	Detailed molecular dynamics simulations verify the technique and aid with evaluating its effectiveness .
+3	The invariant mass and polarization distributions for the K^-K^ { *0 } and K^-K^0_S subsystems have been studied .	The B - & gt ; D^ { ( * ) } K^- K^ { ( * ) 0 } decays have been observed for the first time .	The branching fractions of the B - & gt ; D^ { ( * ) } K^- K^ { ( * ) 0 } decay modes are measured .	Significant signals are found for the B - & gt ; D^ { ( * ) } K^- K^ { *0 } and B^- - & gt ; D^0 K^- K^0_S decay modes .	For the K^-K^ { *0 } sybsystem these distributions agree well with those expected for two-body B - & gt ; D^ { ( * ) } a_1^- ( 1260 ) decays , with a_1^- ( 1260 ) - & gt ; K^- K^ { *0 } .
+0	Diffusional interactions within the Ostwald Ripening process are analyzed in the present paper .	An { \it off-centre diffusion approach \/ } is performed to point out the direct correlation between the size of clusters .	Herein the diffusion solution is derived as a function of both the growing and shrinking cluster sizes .	Also , it is shown that the frequency transfer of particles between the shrinking cluster and the growing one may acquire high values due to the medium polarization .	As a result , the temporal power law of the cluster growth derived in this theoretical model differs from that predicted by the { \it LSW \/ } theory .
+4	We find that both secular and dynamical instabilities can develop before a Roche limit or contact is reached along a sequence of models with decreasing binary separation .	We present a new analytic study of the equilibrium and stability properties of close binary systems containing polytropic components .	Our method is based on the use of ellipsoidal trial functions in an energy variational principle .	We consider both synchronized and nonsynchronized systems , constructing the compressible generalizations of the classical Darwin and Darwin-Riemann configurations .	Our method can be applied to a wide variety of binary models where the stellar masses , radii , spins , entropies , and polytropic indices are all allowed to vary over wide ranges and independently for each component .
+1	The sample includes 43223 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the range 0.005 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.3 and with 14.5 & lt ; u & lt ; 20.5 .	We construct and analyze a u-band selected galaxy sample from the SDSS Southern Survey , which covers 275 sq.deg .	The S/N in the u-band Petrosian aperture is improved by coadding multiple epochs of imaging data and by including sky-subtraction corrections .	Luminosity functions for the near-UV ^ { 0.1 } u band ( 322+-26 nm ) are determined in redshift slices of width 0.02 , which show a highly significant evolution in M^ { star } of -0.8+-0.1 mag between z=0 and 0.3 ; with M^ { star } = -18.84+-0.05 ( AB mag ) , log phi^ { star } = -2.06+-0.03 ( Mpc^ { -3 } ) and log rho_L = 19.11+-0.02 ( W Hz^ { -1 } Mpc^ { -3 } ) at z=0.1 .	The faint-end slope determined for z & lt ; 0.06 is given by alpha=-1.05+-0.08 .
+2	These objects range in peak brightness from about 4th magnitude to 10th magnitude in R and have periods between about 170 days and 490 days .	Observations from the Heliospheric Imagers ( HI-1 ) on both the STEREO spacecraft have been analysed to search for very long period large amplitude stellar variability , finding 6 new candidates .	A total of 85 objects , mostly previously known Mira variables , were found to show convincing variability on time scales of over a hundred days .	There is a period gap between 200 and 300 days where no objects were found and this is discussed .	15 of the Miras in the sample are previously recorded as having variable periods and the possibility for these and 2 other stars to have undergone a period change or to be irregular is discussed .
+4	Along with model selection consistency , we also investigate the performance of the proposed prior when the true model does not belong to the model space considered .	We consider variable selection problem in linear regression using mixture of $ g $ -priors .	A number of mixtures are proposed in the literature which work well , especially when the number of regressors $ p $ is fixed .	In this paper , we propose a mixture of $ g $ -priors suitable for the case when $ p $ grows with the sample size $ n $ .	We study the performance of the method based on the proposed prior when $ p=O ( n^b ) , ~0 & lt ; b & lt ; 1 $ .
+4	The UV-plane constructed from these data for the stars with precise parallaxes reveals a rich small-scale structure , with several clumps corresponding to the Hercules stream , the Sirius moving group , and the Hyades and Pleiades superclusters .	The availability of the Hipparcos Catalogue triggered many kinematic and dynamical studies of the solar neighbourhood .	Nevertheless , those studies generally lacked the third component of the space velocities , i.e. , the radial velocities .	This work presents the kinematic analysis of 5952 K and 739 M giants in the solar neighbourhood which includes for the first time radial velocity data from a large survey performed with the CORAVEL spectrovelocimeter .	It also uses proper motions from the Tycho-2 catalogue , which are expected to be more accurate than the Hipparcos ones .
+1	In particular , the source shape can be studied by measuring femtoscopic radii as a function of the pion emission angle relative to the collision symmetry planes .	Femtoscopy of non-central heavy ion collisions provides access to information on the geometry of the effective pion-emitting source .	We present the results of azimuthally differential femtoscopy of Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt { s_ { NN } } =2.76 $ TeV at the LHC relative to the second harmonic event plane .	We observe a clear oscillation of the extracted radii as a function of the emission angle .	We find that $ R_ { side } $ and $ R_ { out } $ oscillate out of phase for all centralities and pion transverse momenta .
+3	We find that two-component models approach a steady critical state belonging to a different universality class from that of one-component models .	Two-component sandpile models are investigated numerically and theoretically .	Monte Calro simulations are performed to show that probability distribution functions of avalanche size and lifetime obey power laws whose exponents are approximately equal to 1.5 and 2.0 and the system exhibits SOC .	A mean-field theory is developed to discuss the essence of the processes .	Conservation of two kinds of sands at local toppling causes an infinite number of stable states which substitute for artificial boundary dissipation .
+4	We also find that while chemical reactivity is greatly enhanced by vibrational excitation the resonances get mostly washed out in the reaction of vibrationally excited HF with Li atoms .	Quantum mechanical calculations are reported for the Li+HF ( v=0,1 , j=0 ) -- & gt ; H+LiF ( v ' , j ' ) bimolecular scattering process at low and ultralow temperatures .	Calculations have been performed for zero total angular momentum using a recent high accuracy potential energy surface for the X 2A ' electronic ground state .	For Li+HF ( v=0 , j=0 ) , the reaction is dominated by resonances due to the decay of metastable states of the Li ... F-H van der Waals complex .	Assignment of these resonances has been carried out by calculating the eigenenergies of the quasibound states .
+0	We discuss an application of the method of the angular quantization to reconstruction of form-factors of local fields in massive integrable models .	The general formalism is illustrated with examples of the Klein-Gordon , sinh-Gordon and Bullough-Dodd models .	For the latter two models the angular quantization approach makes it possible to obtain free field representations for form-factors of exponential operators .	We discuss an intriguing relation between the free field representations and deformations of the Virasoro algebra .	The deformation associated with the Bullough-Dodd models appears to be different from the known deformed Virasoro algebra .
+0	Thermoreversible sol-gel transitions in solutions of rod-like associating polymers are analyzed by computer simulations and by mean field models .	The sol-gel transition is determined by the divergence of the cluster weight average .	The analytically determined sol-gel transition is in good agreement with the simulation results .	At low temperatures we observe a peak in the heat capacity , which maximum is associated with the precipitation transition .	The gelation transition is sensitive to the number of associating groups per rod but nearly insensitive to the spatial distribution of associating groups around the rod .
+3	Our convergence results hold with no semismoothness assumption , which is illustrated by examples .	This paper concerns developing a numerical method of the Newton type to solve systems of nonlinear equations described by nonsmooth continuous functions .	We propose and justify a new generalized Newton algorithm based on graphical derivatives , which have never been used to derive a Newton-type method for solving nonsmooth equations .	Based on advanced techniques of variational analysis and generalized differentiation , we establish the well-posedness of the algorithm , its local superlinear convergence , and its global convergence of the Kantorovich type .	The algorithm and main results obtained in the paper are compared with well-recognized semismooth and $ B $ -differentiable versions of Newton 's method for nonsmooth Lipschitzian equations .
+4	Calculated binding energies reproduce experimental values within 0.1-0.2 % .	To support efforts on cooling and trapping of alkaline-earth atoms and designs of atomic clocks , we performed ab initio relativistic many-body calculations of electric-dipole transition amplitudes between low-lying states of Mg , Ca , and Sr .	In particular , we report amplitudes for ^1P_1 -- & gt ; ^1S_0 , ^3S_1 , ^1D_2 $ , for ^3P_1 -- & gt ; ^1S_0 , ^1D_2 , and for ^3P_2 -- & gt ; ^1D_2 transitions .	For Ca , the reduced matrix element & lt ; 4s4p , ^1P_1 ||D|| 4s^2 , ^1S_0 & gt ; is in a good agreement with a high-precision experimental value deduced from photoassociation spectroscopy [ Zinner et al. , Phys.Rev.Lett. , v.85 , 2292 ( 2000 ) ] .	An estimated uncertainty of the calculated lifetime of the ( 3s3p ^1P_1 ) state of Mg is a factor of three smaller than that of the most accurate experiment .
+1	I show how wind accretion in a binary system is different from the usually assumed Bondi-Hoyle approximation , first as far as the flow 's structure is concerned , but most importantly , also for the mass accretion and specific angular momentum loss .	I review the process of mass transfer in a binary system through a stellar wind , with an emphasis on systems containing a red giant .	This has important implications on the evolution of the orbital parameters .	I also discuss the impact of wind accretion , on the chemical pollution and change in spin of the accreting star .	The last section deals with observations and covers systems that most likely went through wind mass transfer : barium and related stars , symbiotic stars and central stars of planetary nebulae ( CSPN ) .
+2	The lifetimes were measured using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence .	We present experimental atomic lifetimes for 12 levels in Sb I , out of which seven are reported for the first time .	The levels belong to the 5p $ ^2 $ ( $ ^3 $ P ) 6s $ ^ { 2 } $ P , $ ^ { 4 } $ P and 5p $ ^2 $ ( $ ^3 $ P ) 5d $ ^ { 4 } $ P , $ ^ { 4 } $ F and $ ^ { 2 } $ F terms .	In addition , we report new calculations of transition probabilities in Sb I using a Multiconfigurational Dirac-Hartree-Fock method .	The physical model being tested through comparisons between theoretical and experimental lifetimes for 5d and 6s levels .
+4	The prediction of many-body localization ( MBL ) , in which disordered quantum systems can fail to thermalize in spite of strong interactions and high excitation energy , was therefore surprising and has attracted considerable theoretical attention .	When a system thermalizes it loses all local memory of its initial conditions .	This is a general feature of open systems and is well described by equilibrium statistical mechanics .	Even within a closed ( or reversible ) quantum system , where unitary time evolution retains all information about its initial state , subsystems can still thermalize using the rest of the system as an effective heat bath .	Exceptions to quantum thermalization have been predicted and observed , but typically require inherent symmetries or noninteracting particles in the presence of static disorder .
+0	We have analysed archival ROSAT PSPC and Einstein HRI data for the x-ray point source in the bar of NGC 6822 .	The source decreased in x-ray flux by at least half an order of magnitude in the 13 years between the HRI and PSPC observations .	It has a PSPC flux of f_X = 8 x 10E-14 erg/cm^2/s , giving L_X = 2.4 x 10E36 erg/s for a distance of 500 kpc .	The source appears to be related to the optical emission-line object Ho 12 .	It is unclear if Ho 12 is an HII region or a supernova remnant , although the latter interpretation is better supported by the available optical data .
+1	This makes it possible to investigate three systematic effects that plague lattice computations : quenching , finite-volume effects , and the fact that lattice computations have been done at unphysical values of the quark masses and pion external momenta ( only this latter effect shows up at tree level ) .	In this paper we use one-loop chiral perturbation theory in order to compare lattice computations of the K+ to pi+ pi0 decay amplitude with the experimental value .	We apply our results to the most recent lattice computation , and find that all three effects are substantial .	We conclude that one-loop corrections in chiral perturbation theory help in explaining the discrepancy between lattice results and the real-world value .	We also revisit B_K , which is closely related to the K+ to pi+ pi0 decay amplitude by chiral symmetry .
+4	This effect may be strong if the superconducting gap is large enough .	We analyze the effect of color superconductivity in the transition from hot hadron matter to quark matter in the presence of a gas of trapped electron neutrinos .	To describe strongly interacting matter we adopt a two-phase picture in which the hadronic phase is described by means of a non-linear Walecka model and just deconfined matter through the MIT bag model including color superconductivity .	We impose flavor conservation during the transition in such a way that just deconfined quark matter is transitorily out of equilibrium with respect to weak interactions .	Our results show that color superconductivity facilitates the transition for temperatures below $ T_c $ .
+0	The Be/X-ray transients V0332+53 and 4U 0115+63 exhibited giant , type-II outbursts in 2015 .	Here we present Swift/XRT follow-up observations at the end of those outbursts .	Surprisingly , the sources did not decay back to their known quiescent levels but stalled at a ( slowly decaying ) meta-stable state with luminosities ~10 times that observed in quiescence .	The spectra in these states are considerably softer than the outburst spectra and appear to soften in time when the luminosity decreases .	The physical mechanism behind these meta-stable states is unclear and they could be due to low-level accretion ( either directly onto the neutron stars or onto their magnetospheres ) or due to cooling of the accretion-heated neutron star crusts .
+1	Unlike previous instance selection based MIL methods , we do not restrict the prototypes to a discrete set of training instances but allow them to take arbitrary values in the instance feature space .	In this paper , we present a new multiple instance learning ( MIL ) method , called MIS-Boost , which learns discriminative instance prototypes by explicit instance selection in a boosting framework .	We also do not restrict the total number of prototypes and the number of selected-instances per bag ; these quantities are completely data-driven .	We show that MIS-Boost outperforms state-of-the-art MIL methods on a number of benchmark datasets .	We also apply MIS-Boost to large-scale image classification , where we show that the automatically selected prototypes map to visually meaningful image regions .
+2	This leads to new distinct features of the Kerr -- string system such as modified ISCO or shifted ergosphere , though these effects are most likely outside the range of observational precision .	A rotating black hole threaded by an infinitely long cosmic string is studied in the framework of the Abelian Higgs model .	We show that contrary to a common belief in the presence of rotation the backreaction of the string does not induce a simple conical deficit .	For an extremal rotating black hole , the system exhibits a first-order phase transition for the gravitational Meissner effect : small black holes exhibit a flux-expelled solution , with the gauge and scalar field remaining identically in their false vacuum state on the event horizon , whereas the horizon of large black holes is pierced by the vortex .	A brief review prepared for the MG14 Proceedings .
+1	Power can be generated by either voltage or temperature biases .	We analyze the heat current flowing across interacting quantum dots within the Coulomb blockade regime .	In the former case , we find nonlinear contributions to the Peltier effect that are dominated by conventional Joule heating for sufficiently high voltages .	In the latter case , the differential thermal conductance shows maxima or minima depending on the energy level position .	Furthermore , we discuss departures from the Kelvin-Onsager reciprocity relation beyond linear response .
+0	A new Stokes inversion technique that greatly reduces the effect of the spatial point spread function of the telescope is used to constrain the physical properties of umbral dots ( UDs ) .	The depth-dependent inversion of the Stokes parameters from a sunspot umbra recorded with Hinode SOT/SP revealed significant temperature enhancements and magnetic field weakenings in the core of the UDs in deep photospheric layers .	Additionally , we found upflows of around 960 m/s in peripheral UDs ( i.e. , UDs close to the penumbra ) and $ \approx $ 600 m/s in central UDs .	For the first time , we also detected systematic downflows for distances larger than 200 km from the UD center that balance the upflowing mass flux .	In the upper photosphere , we found almost no difference between the UDs and their diffuse umbral background .
+1	In a one-dimensional mission space , we adopt an optimal control framework and show that the solution is reduced to a simpler parametric optimization problem : determining a sequence of locations where each agent may dwell for a finite amount of time and then switch direction .	We consider the problem of controlling the movement of multiple cooperating agents so as to minimize an uncertainty metric associated with a finite number of targets .	This amounts to a hybrid system which we analyze using Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis ( IPA ) to obtain a complete on-line solution through an event-driven gradient-based algorithm which is also robust with respect to the uncertainty model used .	The resulting controller depends on observing the events required to excite the gradient-based algorithm , which can not be guaranteed .	We solve this problem by proposing a new metric for the objective function which creates a potential field guaranteeing that gradient values are non-zero .
+1	Most of the experimental studies done so far have focused mainly on fitting statistical models to data in order to test for movement patterns described by power-laws .	Animal movements have been related to optimal foraging strategies where self-similar trajectories are central .	Here we show by analyzing over half a million movement displacements that isolated termite workers actually exhibit a range of very interesting dynamical properties -- including L\'evy flights -- in their exploratory behaviour .	Going beyond the current trend of statistical model fitting alone , our study analyses anomalous diffusion and structure functions to estimate values of the scaling exponents describing displacement statistics .	We evince the fractal nature of the movement patterns and show how the scaling exponents describing termite space exploration intriguingly comply with mathematical relations found in the physics of transport phenomena .
+0	Elliptic flow and two-particle azimuthal correlations of charged hadrons and high- $ p_T $ pions ( $ p_T & gt ; $ 1 GeV/ $ c $ ) have been measured close to mid-rapidity in 158A GeV/ $ c $ Pb+Au collisions by the CERES experiment .	Elliptic flow ( $ v_2 $ ) rises linearly with $ p_T $ to a value of about 10 % at 2 GeV/ $ c $ .	Beyond $ p_T\approx $ 1.5 GeV/ $ c $ , the slope decreases considerably , possibly indicating a saturation of $ v_2 $ at high $ p_T $ .	Two-pion azimuthal anisotropies for $ p_T & gt ; $ 1.2 GeV/ $ c $ exceed the elliptic flow values by about 60 % in mid-central collisions .	These non-flow contributions are attributed to near-side and back-to-back jet-like correlations , the latter exhibiting centrality dependent broadening .
+3	We discuss the effects of traps , population imbalance , final state interactions over the entire range of temperatures and compare theory and experiment .	In this paper we present an overview of radio frequency ( RF ) spectroscopy in the atomic Fermi superfluids .	An ultimate goal is to suggest new directions in the cold gas research agenda from the condensed matter perspective.Our focus is on the experimental and theoretical literature of cold gases and photoemission spectroscopy of the cuprates particularly as it pertains to areas of overlap .	This paper contains a systematic overview of the theory of RF spectroscopy , both momentum integrated and momentum resolved .	We show that this broad range of phenomena can be accomodated within the BCS-Leggett description of BCS-BEC crossover and that this scheme also captures some of the central observations in photoemission experiments in the cuprates .
+1	This paper focuses on the prominent gamma-ray source , LS5039 , which consists of a massive O6.5V star in a 3.9-day-period , mildly elliptical ( e = 0.24 ) orbit with its companion , assumed here to be a black-hole or unmagnetized neutron star .	Perhaps the most extreme examples of `` Active OB stars '' are the subset of high-mass X-ray binaries -- consisting of an OB star plus compact companion -- that have recently been observed by Fermi and ground-based Cerenkov telescopes like HESS to be sources of very high energy ( VHE ; up to 30 TeV ) gamma-rays .	Using 3-D SPH simulations of the Bondi-Hoyle accretion of the O-star wind onto the companion , we find that the orbital phase variation of the accretion follows very closely the simple Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton ( BHL ) rate for the local radius and wind speed .	Moreover , a simple model , wherein intrinsic emission of gamma-rays is assumed to track this accretion rate , reproduces quite well Fermi observations of the phase variation of gamma-rays in the energy range 0.1-10 GeV .	However for the VHE ( 0.1-30 TeV ) radiation observed by the HESS Cerenkov telescope , it is important to account also for photon-photon interactions between the gamma-rays and the stellar optical/UV radiation , which effectively attenuates much of the strong emission near periastron .
+4	Additionally we construct a spectral sequence , analogous to the one from \cite { EverittTurner } , converging to the equivariant Khovanov homology and we utilize this spectral sequence to compute the equivariant Khovanov homology of torus links $ T ( n,2 ) $ with respect to the symmetry of order $ 2 $ .	In this paper we study Khovanov homology of periodic links .	We construct a variant of the Khovanov homology -- the equivariant Khovanov homology -- which is adapted to the equivariant setting .	In the construction of the equivariant Khovanov homology we utilize the action of a finite cyclic group $ \z { n } $ on the Khovanov complex of a periodic link .	Further we prove the invariance with respect to the equivariant Reidemeister moves , show that it is isomorphic to the Khovanov homology modulo $ n $ -torsion and express values of this homology theory on $ p^ { n } $ -periodic trivial links in terms of the group cohomology of $ \z { p^ { n } } $ , if $ p $ is a prime .
+1	The Bump located along the differential luminosity function of cluster RGB stars is a key observable to constrain the H-profile inside these structures .	We suggest to use the shape of the Red Giant Branch ( RGB ) Bump in metal-rich globular clusters as a diagnostic of partial mixing processes between the base of the convective envelope and the H-burning shell .	In fact , standard evolutionary models that account for complete mixing in the convective unstable layers and radiative equilibrium in the innermost regions do predict that the first dredge-up lefts over a very sharp H-discontinuity at the bottom of the convective region .	Interestingly enough we found that both atomic diffusion and a moderate convective overshooting at the base of the convective region marginally affects the shape of the RGB Bump in the differential Luminosity Function ( LF ) .	As a consequence , we performed several numerical experiments to estimate whether plausible assumptions concerning the smoothing of the H-discontinuity , due to the possible occurrence of extra-mixing below the convective boundary , affects the shape of the RGB Bump .
+2	Atmospheric flows exhibit selfsimilar fractal fluctuations that are ubiquitous to all dynamical systems in nature , such as physical , chemical , social , etc and are characterized by inverse power law form for power ( eddy energy ) spectrum signifying long-range space-time correlations .	A cumulus cloud model which can explain the observed characteristics of warm rain formation in monsoon clouds is presented .	The model is based on classical statistical physical concepts and satisfies the principle of maximum entropy production .	A general systems theory model for atmospheric flows developed by the author is based on the concept that the large eddy energy is the integrated mean of enclosed turbulent ( small scale ) eddies .	This model gives scale-free universal governing equations for cloud growth processes .
+3	In this paper we explore the feasibility of applying this approach to the Magneto-Optical Trap ; incorporating the vacuum system , atom source and optical geometry into a permanently sealed micro- litre system capable of maintaining $ 10^ { -10 } $ mbar for more than 1000 days of operation with passive pumping alone .	Experiments using laser cooled atoms and ions show real promise for practical applications in quantum- enhanced metrology , timing , navigation , and sensing as well as exotic roles in quantum computing , networking and simulation .	The heart of many of these experiments has been translated to microfabricated platforms known as atom chips whose construction readily lend themselves to integration with larger systems and future mass production .	To truly make the jump from laboratory demonstrations to practical , rugged devices , the complex surrounding infrastructure ( including vacuum systems , optics , and lasers ) also needs to be miniatur- ized and integrated .	We demonstrate such an engineering challenge is achievable using recent advances in semiconductor microfabrication techniques and materials
+2	We present two very different proofs of this result : a geometric proof and a dynamical proof .	This paper is devoted to rigidity of smooth bundles which are equipped with fiberwise geometric or dynamical structure .	We show that the fiberwise associated sphere bundle to a bundle whose leaves are equipped with ( continuously varying ) metrics of negative curvature is a topologically trivial bundle when either the base space is simply connected or , more generally , when the bundle is fiber homotopically trivial .	We also establish a number of rigidity results for bundles which are equipped with fiberwise Anosov dynamical systems .	Finally , we present a number of examples which show that our results are sharp in certain ways or illustrate necessity of various assumptions .
+4	Overall , these results suggest that previously quoted measurement errors may underestimate the true error in SBF distance moduli by at least a factor of 2-3 .	We have used archive HST WFPC2 data for three elliptical galaxies ( NGC 3379 in the Leo I group , and NGC 4472 and NGC 4406 in the Virgo cluster ) to determine their distances using the Surface Brightness Fluctuation ( SBF ) method as described by Tonry and Schneider ( 1988 ) .	A comparison of the HST results with the SBF distance moduli of Ciardullo et al ( 1993 ) shows significant disagreement and suggests that the r.m.s .	error on these ground-based distance moduli is actually as large as +-0.25 mag .	The agreement is only slightly improved when we compare our results with the HST and ground-based SBF distances from Ajhar et al ( 1997 ) and Tonry et al ( 1997 ) ; the comparison suggests that a lower limit on the error of the HST SBF distance moduli is +-0.17 mag .
+4	We estimate signal and background rates for TeV photons from SGR giant flares in AMANDA , and we provide an estimate of the gamma shower events that Milagro could detect .	During the last 35 years three giant flares were observed from so-called Soft Gamma Repeaters ( SGR 's ) .	They are assumed to be associated with star-quakes of pulsars accelerating electrons and , possibly , protons to high energy in the huge magnetic fields as inferred from the observations .	Because of this and the observation of non-thermal emission it has been speculated that they may be cosmic ray accelerators producing gamma-rays up to TeV energies .	Neutrino telescopes , such as AMANDA and the ANTARES now under construction , could be used as TeV-gamma detectors for very short emissions by measuring underground muons produced in $ \gamma $ showers .
+4	We also provide several numerical applications and results which are discussed for a set of volatility values .	The Polynomial Chaos Expansion ( PCE ) technique recovers a finite second order random variable exploiting suitable linear combinations of orthogonal polynomials which are functions of a given stochas- tic quantity { \xi } , hence acting as a kind of random basis .	The PCE methodology has been developed as a mathematically rigorous Uncertainty Quantification ( UQ ) method which aims at providing reliable numerical estimates for some uncertain physical quantities de ? ning the dynamic of certain engineering models and their related simulations .	In the present paper we exploit the PCE approach to analyze some equity and interest rate models considering , without loss of generality , the one dimensional case .	In particular we will take into account those models which are based on the Geometric Brownian Motion ( gBm ) , e.g.the Vasicek model , the CIR model , etc .
+1	Due to finite interchain interactions long-range antiferromagnetic order develops below $ T_ { \rm N } \simeq 5.5 $ K , which is accompanied by a structural distortion in order to lift magnetic frustration effects .	BaCo $ _2 $ V $ _2 $ O $ _8 $ is a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain system with pronounced Ising anisotropy of the magnetic exchange .	The corresponding temperature $ vs .	$ magnetic-field phase diagram is highly anisotropic with respect to the magnetic-field direction and various details are still under vivid discussion .	Here , we report the influence of several substitutions on the magnetic properties and the phase diagrams of BaCo $ _2 $ V $ _2 $ O $ _8 $ .
+0	Conformal relativity theory which is also known as Hoyle-Narlikar theory has recently been given some new interest .	It is an extended relativity theory which is invariant with respect to conformal transformations of the metric .	In this paper we show how conformal relativity is related to the Brans-Dicke theory and to the low-energy-effective superstring theory .	We show that conformal relativity action is equaivalent to a transformed Brans-Dicke action for Brans-Dicke parameter $ \omega = -3/2 $ in contrast to a reduced ( graviton-dilaton ) low-energy-effective superstring action which corresponds to a Brans-Dicke action with Brans-Dicke parameter $ \omega = -1 $ .	In fact , Brans-Dicke parameter $ \omega =-3/2 $ gives a border between a standard scalar field evolution and a ghost .
+4	Finally , we find that the separation into multiple coexisting solid phases at high colloid volume fractions predicted by equilibrium statistical mechanics is kinetically suppressed before the system reaches dynamical arrest .	We study phase separation and transient gelation in a mixture consisting of polydisperse colloids and non-adsorbing polymers , where the ratio of the average size of the polymer to that of the colloid is approximately 0.063 .	Unlike what has been reported previously for mixtures with somewhat lower colloid polydispersity , the addition of polymers does not expand the fluid-solid coexistence region .	Instead , we find a region of fluid-solid coexistence which has an approximately constant width but an unexpected re-entrant shape .	We detect the presence of a metastable gas-liquid binodal , which gives rise to two-stepped crystallization kinetics that can be rationalized as the effect of fractionation .
+1	In this paper , we propose a model to emphasize the essential difference between information spreading and epidemic spreading , where the memory effects , the social reinforcement and the non-redundancy of contacts are taken into account .	Spreading dynamics of information and diseases are usually analyzed by using a unified framework and analogous models .	Under certain conditions , the information spreads faster and broader in regular networks than in random networks , which to some extent supports the recent experimental observation of spreading in online society [ D. Centola , Science { \bf 329 } , 1194 ( 2010 ) ] .	At the same time , simulation result indicates that the random networks tend to be favorable for effective spreading when the network size increases .	This challenges the validity of the above-mentioned experiment for large-scale systems .
+2	Suppose we are given collection $ \mathcal P $ of semi-labeled trees over various subsets of a set of taxa .	Semi-labeled trees are phylogenies whose internal nodes may be labeled by higher-order taxa .	Thus , a leaf labeled Mus musculus could nest within a subtree whose root node is labeled Rodentia , which itself could nest within a subtree whose root is labeled Mammalia .	The ancestral compatibility problem asks whether there is a semi-labeled tree $ \mathcal T $ that respects the clusterings and the ancestor/descendant relationships implied by the trees in $ \mathcal P $ .	We give a $ \tilde { O } ( M_ { \mathcal { P } } ) $ algorithm for the ancestral compatibility problem , where $ M_ { \mathcal { P } } $ is the total number of nodes and edges in the trees in $ \mathcal P $ .
+4	This is in principle , infinite and in practice , extremely large .	A particularly successful role for Inductive Logic Programming ( ILP ) is as a tool for discovering useful relational features for subsequent use in a predictive model .	Conceptually , the case for using ILP to construct relational features rests on treating these features as functions , the automated discovery of which necessarily requires some form of first-order learning .	Practically , there are now several reports in the literature that suggest that augmenting any existing features with ILP-discovered relational features can substantially improve the predictive power of a model .	While the approach is straightforward enough , much still needs to be done to scale it up to explore more fully the space of possible features that can be constructed by an ILP system .
+1	We study geo-neutrino production for different models of matter circulation and composition in the mantle .	In preparation to the experimental results which will be available in the future , we consider geo-neutrino production in greater detail than in [ F. Mantovani et al. , arXiv : hep-ph/0309013 ] , putting the basis for a more refined model .	By using global mass balance for the Bulk Silicate Earth , the predicted flux contribution from distant sources in the crust and in the mantle is fixed within +-15 % ( full range ) .	A detailed geological and geochemical investigation of the region near the detector has to be performed , for reducing the flux uncertainty from fluctuations of the local abundances to the level of the global geochemical error .	A five-kton detector operating over four years at a site relatively far from nuclear power plants can measure the geo-neutrino signal with 5 % accuracy ( 1 sigma ) .
+4	This observed in-flow is a signature of a quantum gravity effect in the new physics .	A new information-theoretic modelling of reality has given rise to a quantum- foam description of space , relative to which absolute motion is meaningful .	In a previous paper ( Cahill and Kitto ) it was shown that in this new physics Michelson interferometers show absolute motion effects when operated in dielectric mode , as indeed all such experiments had indicated , and re-analysis of the experimental data showed that the measured speeds were all in agreement with the COBE CBR dipole-fit speed of 365 +/- 18 km/s .	Here the new physics is applied , using a different type of analysis , to the extensive data from dielectric-mode interferometer observations by Miller ( 1933 ) .	Here the speed of in-flow of the quantum foam towards the Sun is determined from Miller 's data to be 47 +/- 6km/s , compared to the theoretical value of 42 km/s .
+0	We consider devices with two inputs and two outputs , Alice and Bob each having access to one input and one output .	To such a device we associate time-reverses by exchanging the roles of the inputs and the outputs .	We find that there are devices which admit a local hidden variable representation , but for which time-reverses enable perfect signaling between Alice and Bob .	That is , a `perfect channel in one time direction ' becomes a `non-channel in the other direction ' .	Also , for PR boxes time-reverses enable signaling between Alice and Bob , but never as a perfect channel .
+0	We prove the existence and uniqueness of solution of the obstacle problem for quasilinear Stochastic PDEs with non-homogeneous second order operator .	Our method is based on analytical technics coming from the parabolic potential theory .	The solution is expressed as a pair $ ( u , \nu ) $ where $ u $ is a predictable continuous process which takes values in a proper Sobolev space and $ \nu $ is a random regular measure satisfying minimal Skohorod condition .	Moreover , we establish a maximum principle for local solutions of such class of stochastic PDEs .	The proofs are based on a version of It\^o 's formula and estimates for the positive part of a local solution which is non-positive on the lateral boundary .
+0	We investigate brane inflation driven by two stacks of mobile branes in a throat .	The stack closest to the bottom of the throat annihilates first with antibranes , resulting in particle production and a change of the equation of state parameter w. We calculate analytically some observable signatures of the collision ; related decays are common in multi-field inflation , providing the motivation for this case study .	The discontinuity in w enters the matching conditions relating perturbations in the remaining degree of freedom before and after the collision , affecting the power-spectrum of curvature perturbations .	We find an oscillatory modulation of the power-spectrum for scales within the horizon at the time of the collision , and a slightly redder spectrum on super-horizon scales .	We comment on implications for staggered inflation .
+3	We analyze the well-posedness of the resulting Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman ( CHB ) system for $ ( \phi , \mathbf { u } ) $ .	We consider a diffuse interface model for phase separation of an isothermal incompressible binary fluid in a Brinkman porous medium .	The coupled system consists of a convective Cahn-Hilliard equation for the phase field $ \phi $ , i.e. , the difference of the ( relative ) concentrations of the two phases , coupled with a modified Darcy equation proposed by H.C. Brinkman in 1947 for the fluid velocity $ \mathbf { u } $ .	This equation incorporates a diffuse interface surface force proportional to $ \phi \nabla \mu $ , where $ \mu $ is the so-called chemical potential .	Then we establish the existence of a global attractor and the convergence of a given ( weak ) solution to a single equilibrium via { \L } ojasiewicz-Simon inequality .
+2	In the case that $ K & lt ; 0 $ , ordinary Q-ball solutions exist ; there is an upper bound of the charge due to gravity .	We investigate how gravity affects `` Q-balls '' with the Affleck-Dine potential $ V_ { AD } ( \phi ) : =\frac { m^2 } { 2 } \phi^2 [ 1+K\ln ( \frac { \phi } { M } ) ^2 ] $ .	Contrary to the flat case , in which equilibrium solutions exist only if $ K & lt ; 0 $ , we find three types of gravitating solutions as follows .	In the case that K=0 , equilibrium solutions called ( mini- ) boson stars appear due to gravity ; there is an upper bound of the charge , too .	In the case that $ K & gt ; 0 $ , equilibrium solutions appear , too .
+2	Furthermore , assuming that the component densities follow a skew-t distribution allows robust clustering of skewed data .	A mixture of common skew-t factor analyzers model is introduced for model-based clustering of high-dimensional data .	By assuming common component factor loadings , this model allows clustering to be performed in the presence of a large number of mixture components or when the number of dimensions is too large to be well-modelled by the mixtures of factor analyzers model or a variant thereof .	The alternating expectation-conditional maximization algorithm is employed for parameter estimation .	We demonstrate excellent clustering performance when our model is applied to real and simulated data.This paper marks the first time that skewed common factors have been used .
+2	Without the spin-orbit coupling , the phase shift increases linearly with time and is equivalent to a normal Doppler shift in optical measurements .	We provide a microscopic theory for the Doppler velocimetry of spin propagation in the presence of spatial inhomogeneity , driving electric field and the spin orbit coupling in semiconductor quantum wells in a wide range of temperature regime based on the kinetic spin Bloch equation .	It is analytically shown that under an applied electric field , the spin density wave gains a time-dependent phase shift $ \phi ( t ) $ .	Due to the joint effect of spin-orbit coupling and the applied electric field , the phase shift behaviors differently at the early and the later stages .	At the early stage , the phase shifts are the same with or without the spin-orbit coupling .
+4	Rather , the accretion of mass starts at large scales where we see large infall velocities $ |u_r ( r ) | \approx ( 1/3 ) v_ { ff } \sim ( 1/3 ) \sqrt { GM ( r ) /r } \gtrsim c_s $ out to $ r \sim 1 \ , \rm { pc } $ hundreds of thousands of years before a star forms .	We perform simulations of star formation in self-gravitating turbulently driven gas .	We find that star formation is not a self-similar process ; two length scales enter , the radius of the rotationally supported disk $ r_d $ , and the radius $ r_* $ of the sphere of influence of the nascent star , where the enclosed gas mass exceeds the stellar mass .	The character of the flow changes at these two scales .	We do not see any examples of inside-out collapse .
+3	An analysis of the orbital content of the models shows that about two thirds of their orbits are chaotic yet the models are very stable over intervals of the order of one Hubble time .	We built two self-consistent models of triaxial , cuspy , rotating stellar systems adding rotation to non-rotating models presented in previous papers of this series .	The final angular velocity of the material is not constant and varies with the distance to the center and with the height over the equator of the systems , but the figure rotation is very uniform in both cases .	Even though the addition of rotation to the models modifies their original semiaxes ratios , the final rotating models are considerably flattened and triaxial .	The bulk of regular orbits are short axis tubes , while long axis tubes are replaced by tubes whose axes lie on the short-long axes plane , but do not coincide with the major axis .
+4	Chord is a P2P algorithm , which can efficiently provide the IP address of the called MN by using its key-value mapping .	To conceive the full potential of wireless IP services , Mobile Nodes ( MNs ) must be able to roam seamlessly across different networks .	Mobile Stream Control Transmission Protocol ( mSCTP ) is a transport layer solution , which unlike Mobile IP ( MIP ) , provides seamless mobility with minimum delay and negligible packet loss .	However , mSCTP fails to locate the current IP address of the mobile node when Correspondent Node ( CN ) wants to initiate a session .	In this paper , we propose DHT Chord to provide the required location management .
+0	The use of type Ic Super Luminous Supernovae ( SLSN Ic ) to examine the cosmological expansion introduces a new standard ruler with which to test theoretical models .	The sample suitable for this kind of work now includes 11 SLSNe Ic , which have thus far been used solely in tests involving $ \Lambda $ CDM .	In this paper , we broaden the base of support for this new , important cosmic probe by using these observations to carry out a one-on-one comparison between the $ R_ { \rm h } =ct $ and $ \Lambda $ CDM cosmologies .	We individually optimize the parameters in each cosmological model by minimizing the $ \chi^ { 2 } $ statistic .	We also carry out Monte Carlo simulations based on these current SLSN Ic measurements to estimate how large the sample would have to be in order to rule out either model at a $ \sim 99.7\ % $ confidence level .
+1	We show that stimulated emission at the horizon provides a correlation between incoming and outgoing radiations consisting of bosons .	In the framework of communication theory , we analyse the gedanken experiment in which beams of quanta bearing information are flashed towards a black hole .	For fermions , the mechanism responsible for the correlation is the Fermi exclusion principle .	Each one of these mechanisms is responsible for the a partial transfer of the information originally coded in the incoming beam to the black -- hole radiation .	We show that this process is very efficient whenever stimulated emission overpowers spontaneous emission ( bosons ) .
+0	Lenstra 's integer factorization algorithm is asymptotically one of the fastest known algorithms , and is ideally suited for parallel computation .	We suggest a way in which the algorithm can be speeded up by the addition of a second phase .	Under some plausible assumptions , the speedup is of order log ( p ) , where p is the factor which is found .	In practice the speedup is significant .	We mention some refinements which give greater speedup , an alternative way of implementing a second phase , and the connection with Pollard 's `` p-1 '' factorization algorithm .
+4	We observe a factor of 40-600 increase in ME voltage coefficient at EMR compared to low frequency values .	Magnetoelectric interactions in bilayers of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases are mediated by mechanical deformation .	Here we discuss the theory and companion data for magnetoelectric ( ME ) coupling at electromechanical resonance ( EMR ) in a ferrite-lead zirconate titanate ( PZT ) bilayer .	Estimated ME voltage coefficient versus frequency profiles for nickel , cobalt , or lithium ferrite and PZT reveal a giant ME effect at EMR with the highest coupling expected for cobalt ferrite-PZT .	Measurements of resonance ME coupling have been carried out on layered and bulk composites of nickel ferrite-PZT .
+4	Applying this framework to a compendium of yeast perturbation-response data , we have successfully recovered many well-known signal transduction pathways ; in addition , our analysis have led to many hypotheses regarding the yeast signal transduction system ; finally , our analysis automatically organized perturbed genes as a graph reflecting the architect of the yeast signaling system .	Genetic and pharmacological perturbation experiments , such as deleting a gene and monitoring gene expression responses , are powerful tools for studying cellular signal transduction pathways .	However , it remains a challenge to automatically derive knowledge of a cellular signaling system at a conceptual level from systematic perturbation-response data .	In this study , we explored a framework that unifies knowledge mining and data mining approaches towards the goal .	The framework consists of the following automated processes : 1 ) applying an ontology-driven knowledge mining approach to identify functional modules among the genes responding to a perturbation in order to reveal potential signals affected by the perturbation ; 2 ) applying a graph-based data mining approach to search for perturbations that affect a common signal with respect to a functional module , and 3 ) revealing the architecture of a signaling system organize signaling units into a hierarchy based on their relationships .
+2	We have determined kinematic distances and resolved the distance ambiguity for all BGPS sources detected in NH3 .	We present the results of a GBT survey of NH3 ( 1,1 ) , ( 2,2 ) , ( 3,3 ) lines towards 631 Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey ( BGPS ) sources at a range of Galactic longitudes in the inner Galaxy .	We have detected the NH3 ( 1,1 ) line towards 72 % of our targets ( 456 ) , demonstrating that the high column density features identified in the BGPS and other continuum surveys accurately predict the presence of dense gas .	The BGPS sources trace the locations of the Scutum and Sagittarius spiral arms , with the number of sources peaking between Galactocentric radii of 4-5 kpc .	We measure the physical properties of each source and find that depending on the distance , BGPS sources are primarily clumps , with some cores and clouds .
+0	We present a theoretical study of the spectrum of electrons confined in triple concentric rings .	An unusual ordering and rich variety of angular momentum transitions are found that depend on the coupling between the rings and the confinement potential of the rings .	Using the Configuration Interaction ( CI ) method , we calculated the two electron energy spectrum .	Spin singlet to spin triplet transitions of the electron ground state are predicted and a fractional Aharonov-Bohm effect is found .	We show that both the period and amplitude of the spin singlet - triplet energy gap depend strongly on the confinement potential and the external magnetic field .
+0	We show that in the presence of external fields for which either $ \dot { \vb { B } } ^ { \mathrm { ext } } \neq 0 $ or $ \nabla\times\vb { E } ^ { \mathrm { ext } } \neq 0 $ it is not possible to derive the classical Maxwell equations from an action with only one gauge field .	We suggest that one possible solution is to consider a second physical pseudo-vector gauge field $ C $ .	The action for this theory is originally motivated by the inclusion of magnetic monopoles .	These particles play no role in this work and our argument is only based in , that the violation of the Bianchi identities , can not be accounted at the action level with only the standard gauge field .	We give a particular example for a periodic rotating external magnetic field .
+0	Quantum dimer models typically arise in various low energy theories like those of frustrated antiferromagnets .	We introduce a quantum dimer model on the kagome lattice which stabilizes an alternative $ \mathbb { Z } _2 $ topological order , namely the so-called `` double semion '' order .	For a particular set of parameters , the model is exactly solvable , allowing us to access the ground state as well as the excited states .	We show that the double semion phase is stable over a wide range of parameters using numerical exact diagonalization .	Furthermore , we propose a simple microscopic spin Hamiltonian for which the low-energy physics is described by the derived quantum dimer model .
+3	We also show that in the thermodynamic limit the zeros of both Blume-Capel models on the static ( connected ring ) and on the dynamical ( Feynman diagrams ) lattice tend to overlap .	We carry out a numerical and analytic analysis of the Yang-Lee zeros of the 1D Blume-Capel model with periodic boundary conditions and its generalization on Feynman diagrams for which we include sums over all connected and non-connected rings for a given number of spins .	In both cases , for a specific range of the parameters , the zeros originally on the unit circle are shown to departure from it as we increase the temperature beyond some limit .	The curve of zeros can bifurcate and become two disjoint arcs as in the 2D case .	In the special case of the 1D Ising model on Feynman diagrams we can prove for arbitrary number of spins that the Yang-Lee zeros must be on the unit circle .
+1	For eight lowest PAW modes , the dispersion curves for wavenumber k ( f ) are calculated by the equations of motion and electrodynamics , by the Finite Element Method , and then measured experimentally .	Plate acoustic waves ( PAW ) propagating along X-axis in the Z-cut wafer of a single crystal of lithium niobate are considered theoretically and experimentally .	The spectra k ( f ) obtained by the numerical solution and FEM-simulation are in good agreement , and experimental measurements agree with theoretical predictions .	The PAW modes are identified by the components of their total acoustic displacements and cutoff frequencies .	Analysis of the longitudinal and normal acoustical displacements permits to find PAW mode capable for usage in ultrasonic actuators .
+1	The design of wireless networking is challenging due to the highly dynamic environmental condition that makes parameter optimization a complex task .	In recent times , wireless access technology is becoming increasingly commonplace due to the ease of operation and installation of untethered wireless media .	Due to the dynamic , and often unknown , operating conditions , modern wireless networking standards increasingly rely on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms .	Genetic algorithms ( GAs ) provide a well-established framework for implementing artificial intelligence tasks such as classification , learning , and optimization .	GAs are well-known for their remarkable generality and versatility , and have been applied in a wide variety of settings in wireless networks .
+3	The spectral and temporal evolution of GRBs are also studied through the evolution of spectral forms , color-color diagrams and hysteresis loops .	Gamma ray burst ( GRB ) time series is a non-stationary time series with all its statistical properties varying with time .	Considering that each GRB is a different manifestation of the same stochastic process we studied the time dependent as well as time averaged probability density function ( \emph { pdf } ) characterizing the underlying stochastic process .	The \emph { pdf } s are fitted with Gaussian distribution function and it has been argued that the Gaussian \emph { pdf } s possibly indicate the turbulence origin of GRB .	The results do not contradict the turbulence interpretation of GRB .
+1	These are shown to be due to a general instability of the convective cell , requiring only a localized source of heating or cooling .	Three-dimensional ( 3D ) hydrodynamic simulations of shell oxygen burning ( Meakin and Arnett , 2007b ) exhibit bursty , recurrent fluctuations in turbulent kinetic energy .	Such fluctuations are shown to be suppressed in simulations of stellar evolution which use mixing-length theory ( MLT ) .	Quantitatively similar behavior occurs in the model of a convective roll ( cell ) of Lorenz ( 1963 ) , which is known to have a strange attractor that gives rise to chaotic fluctuations in time of velocity and , as we show , luminosity .	Study of simulations suggests that the behavior of a Lorenz convective roll may resemble that of a cell in convective flow .
+3	We propose using Random Linear Network Coding to overcome the unreliability of individual communication links in such millimeter-wave systems .	The millimeter-wave bands have been attracting significant interest as a means to achieve major improvements in data rates and network efficiencies .	One significant limitation for use of the millimeter-wave bands for cellular communication is that the communication suffers from much higher path-loss compared to the microwave bands .	Millimeter-wave links have also been shown to change rapidly , causing links between devices and access points to switch among line-of-sight , non-line-of-sight and outage states .	Our system consists of devices transmitting and receiving network-coded packets through several access points .
+1	We study the possibility that these PeV neutrinos are produced by gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) , paying special attention to the contribution by untriggered GRBs that elude detection due to their low photon flux .	The IceCube collaboration recently reported the potential detection of two cascade neutrino events in the energy range 1-10 PeV .	Based on the luminosity function , rate distribution with redshift and spectral properties of GRBs , we generate , using Monte-Carlo simulation , a GRB sample that reproduce the observed fluence distribution of Fermi/GBM GRBs and an accompanying sample of untriggered GRBs simultaneously .	The neutrino flux of every individual GRBs is calculated in the standard internal shock scenario , so that the accumulative flux of the whole samples can be obtained .	We find that the neutrino flux in PeV energies produced by untriggered GRBs is about 2 times higher than that produced by the triggered ones .
+2	This new notion arises in the limit of colliding holes in a Riemann surface , in which geodesics that originally passed through the `` chewing gum '' ( a domain between colliding holes ) become geodesic arcs between two bordered cusps decorated by horocycles .	We introduce the notion of bordered cusped Teichm\ '' uller space , as the Teichm\ '' uller space of Riemann surfaces with at least one hole and at least one bordered cusp on the boundary .	We propose a combinatorial graph description of this bordered cusped Teichm\ '' uller space and endow it with a Poisson structure .	The lengths of these arcs are lambda-lengths in Thurston -- Penner terminology , or cluster variables by Fomin and Zelevinsky .	We introduce an extended set of shear coordinates ( $ Y $ -variables in cluster terminology ) on these Riemann surfaces .
+0	The efficiency of MapReduce is closely related to its load balance .	Existing works on MapReduce load balance focus on coarse-grained scheduling .	This study concerns fine-grained scheduling on MapReduce operations , with each operation representing one invocation of the Map or Reduce function .	By default , MapReduce adopts the hash-based method to schedule Reduce operations , which often leads to poor load balance .	In addition , the copy phase of Reduce tasks overlaps with Map tasks , which significantly hinders the progress of Map tasks due to I/O contention .
+2	On the other hand , in a compact Riemannian manifold , it implies a same-time Wasserstein contraction property for this semigroup .	The curvature-dimension condition is a generalization of the Bochner inequality to weighted Riemannian manifolds and general metric measure spaces .	It is now known to be equivalent to evolution variational inequalities for the heat semigroup , and quadratic Wasserstein distance contraction properties at different times .	In this work we generalize the latter result to metric measure spaces and more importantly prove the converse : contraction inequalities are equivalent to curvature-dimension conditions .	Links with functional inequalities are also investigated .
+1	Recent results classify exceptional domains as belonging to either a certain one-parameter family of simply periodic domains or one of its scaling limits .	Exceptional domains are domains on which there exists a positive harmonic function , zero on the boundary and such that the normal derivative on the boundary is constant .	We introduce quasi-exceptional domains by allowing the boundary values to be different constants on each boundary component .	This relaxed definition retains the interesting property of being an \emph { arclength quadrature domain } , and also preserves the connection to the hollow vortex problem in fluid dynamics .	We give a partial classification of such domains in terms of certain Abelian differentials .
+4	We found the upper limit to the fraction of GFs among short GRBs with fluence above ~5x10^-7 erg cm^-2 to be & lt ; 8 % ( 95 % confidence level ) .	The knowledge of the rate of soft gamma-ray repeater ( SGR ) giant flares is important for understanding the giant flare mechanism and the SGR energy budget in the framework of the magnetar model .	We estimate the upper limit to the rate using the results of an extensive search for extragalactic soft gamma-repeater giant flares ( GFs ) among 140 short gamma-ray bursts detected between 1994 and 2010 by Konus-Wind using InterPlanetary Network ( IPN ) localizations and temporal parameters .	We show that Konus-Wind and the IPN are capable of detecting GFs with energies of 2.3x10^46 erg ( which is the energy of the GF from SGR 1806-20 assuming a distance of 15 kpc ) at distances of up to about 30 Mpc and GFs with energies of & lt ; 10^45 erg ( which is the energy of the GF from SGR 0526-66 ) at distances of up to about 6 Mpc .	Using a sample of 1896 nearby galaxies we found that only two bursts , GRB 051103 and GRB 070201 , have a low chance coincidence probability between an IPN localization and a nearby galaxy .
+3	It has not been clear how dropping tolerances affect the quality and effectiveness of a preconditioner $ M $ .	Dropping tolerance criteria play a central role in Sparse Approximate Inverse preconditioning .	Such criteria have received , however , little attention and have been treated heuristically in the following manner : If the size of an entry is below some empirically small positive quantity , then it is set to zero .	The meaning of `` small '' is vague and has not been considered rigorously .	In this paper , we focus on the adaptive Power Sparse Approximate Inverse algorithm and establish a mathematical theory on robust selection criteria for dropping tolerances .
+2	In some , there are no Nash quantum pure equilibria .	Several quantum versions of the battle of the sexes game are analyzed .	Some of them are shown to reproduce the classical game .	In some others , the payoffs are always equal to each other .	In others still , all equilibria favor Alice or Bob depending on a phase shift of the initial state of the system .
+4	By instantiating it by specific forms of constraint management policies we obtain several sound evaluation policies of first-order formulas .	We provide a denotational semantics for first-order logic that captures the two-level view of the computation process typical for constraint programming .	At one level we have the usual program execution .	At the other level an automatic maintenance of the constraint store takes place .	We prove that the resulting semantics is sound with respect to the truth definition .
+3	Our main result is a new algorithm that , for every fixed number $ k $ , computes in polynomial time the highest $ k+1 $ coefficients of the quasi-polynomial $ E ( \mathbf { \alpha } ) ( t ) $ as step polynomials of $ t $ ( a simpler and more explicit representation ) .	For a given sequence $ \mathbf { \alpha } = [ \alpha_1 , \alpha_2 , \dots , \alpha_ { N+1 } ] $ of $ N+1 $ positive integers , we consider the combinatorial function $ E ( \mathbf { \alpha } ) ( t ) $ that counts the nonnegative integer solutions of the equation $ \alpha_1x_1+\alpha_2 x_2+\cdots+\alpha_ { N } x_ { N } +\alpha_ { N+1 } x_ { N+1 } =t $ , where the right-hand side $ t $ is a varying nonnegative integer .	It is well-known that $ E ( \mathbf { \alpha } ) ( t ) $ is a quasi-polynomial function in the variable $ t $ of degree $ N $ .	In combinatorial number theory this function is known as Sylvester 's denumerant .	Our algorithm is a consequence of a nice poset structure on the poles of the associated rational generating function for $ E ( \mathbf { \alpha } ) ( t ) $ and the geometric reinterpretation of some rational generating functions in terms of lattice points in polyhedral cones .
+4	We show that the class of Gaussian networks for which this interface property holds includes relay networks with a single source-destination pair , interference networks , multicast networks , and the counterparts of these networks with multiple transmit and receive antennas .	For every Gaussian network , there exists a corresponding deterministic network called the discrete superposition network .	We show that this discrete superposition network provides a near-optimal digital interface for operating a class consisting of many Gaussian networks in the sense that any code for the discrete superposition network can be naturally lifted to a corresponding code for the Gaussian network , while achieving a rate that is no more than a constant number of bits lesser than the rate it achieves for the discrete superposition network .	This constant depends only on the number of nodes in the network and not on the channel gains or SNR .	Moreover the capacities of the two networks are within a constant of each other , again independent of channel gains and SNR .
+3	In response to these drawbacks , a new theoretical framework based on thermodynamics , where energy and temperature are introduced , was developed .	The issue of discrete probability estimation for samples of small size is addressed in this study .	The maximum likelihood method often suffers over-fitting when insufficient data is available .	Although the Bayesian approach can avoid over-fitting by using prior distributions , it still has problems with objective analysis .	Entropy and likelihood are placed at the center of this method .
+2	For the case in which the received signal is improper , a widely-linear reception structure , processing separately the data and their complex conjugates , is considered .	The issue of non-cooperative transceiver optimization in the uplink of a multiuser wireless code division multiple access data network with widely-linear detection at the receiver is considered .	While previous work in this area has focused on a simple real signal model , in this paper a baseband complex representation of the data is used , so as to properly take into account the I and Q components of the received signal .	Several non-cooperative resource allocation games are considered for this new scenario , and the performance gains granted by the use of widely-linear detection are assessed through theoretical analysis .	Numerical results confirm the validity of the theoretical findings , and show that exploiting the improper nature of the data in non-cooperative resource allocation brings remarkable performance improvements in multiuser wireless systems .
+4	With this model we derive the star formation history of Population III stars , their contribution to the re-ionization of the Universe and the time of the transition from Population III star formation in minihalos to that in more massive halos where atomic hydrogen cooling is also possible .	[ abridged ] The First Stars in the Universe form out of pristine primordial gas clouds that have been radiatively cooled to a few hundreds of degrees Kelvin either via molecular or atomic ( Lyman-Alpha ) hydrogen lines .	This primordial mode of star formation is eventually quenched once radiative and/or chemical ( metal enrichment ) feedbacks mark the transition to Population II stars .	In this paper we present a model for the formation rate of Population III stars based on Press-Schechter modeling coupled with analytical recipes for gas cooling and radiative feedback .	Our model also includes a novel treatment for metal pollution based on self-enrichment due to a previous episode of Population III star formation in progenitor halos .
+4	To model the data we assume that the data generating process is driven by some latent spatio-temporal process , which itself is evolving with time in some unknown way .	Recently , there has been an upsurge of the number of articles on spatio-temporal modeling in statistical journals .	Many of them focus on building good nonstationary spatio-temporal models .	In this article , we introduce a state space based nonparametric nonstationary model for the analysis of spatio-temporal data .	We consider that there are some fixed spatial locations ( generally called the monitoring sites ) and that the data have been observed at those locations over a period of time .
+2	Recursion relations in the particle number for any $ l $ -point density correlation function will be derived .	We determine the $ N $ -particle stationary states of a staggered stochastic hopping model with reflective boundaries .	It is shown that the stationary states are in fact so-called optimum ground states .	Furthermore , the connection between reflective boundaries and the occurrence of optimum ground states is examined .	An explicit counterexample shows that reflective boundaries do not enforce the stationary state to be an optimum ground state .
+2	In some iron based pnictide superconductors the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity has been clearly demonstrated .	Ferromagnetism and superconductivity are antagonistic phenomena .	Their coexistence implies either a modulated ferromagnetic order parameter on a lengthscale shorter than the superconducting coherence length or a weak exchange coupling between the itinerant superconducting electrons and the localized ordered spins .	The nature of the coexistence , however , remains elusive since no clear understanding of the spin structure in the superconducting state has been reached and the reports on the coupling strength are controversial .	We show , by a direct optical pump-probe experiment , that the coupling is weak , since the transfer of the excess energy from the itinerant electrons to ordered localized spins is much slower than the electron-phonon relaxation , implying the coexistence without the short-lengthscale ferromagnetic order parameter modulation .
+0	Using SU ( 3 ) lattice QCD , we perform the first systematic study for the ground-state three-quark ( 3Q ) potential $ V_ { \rm 3Q } ^ { \rm g.s .	} $ and the 1st excited-state 3Q potential $ V_ { \rm 3Q } ^ { \rm e.s . } $ , { \it i.e . } , the energies of the ground state and the 1st excited state of the gluon field in the presence of the static three quarks .	From the accurate and thorough calculation for more than 300 different patterns of 3Q systems , the static ground-state 3Q potential $ V_ { \rm 3Q } ^ { \rm g.s .	} $ is found to be well described by the Coulomb plus Y-type linear potential , { \it i.e . } , Y-Ansatz , within 1 % -level deviation .	As a clear evidence for Y-Ansatz , Y-type flux-tube formation is actually observed on the lattice in maximally-Abelian projected QCD .
+4	Therefore , our scheme is ideal to excite the desired level of oscillatory motion under conditions where the secular frequency is evolving in time .	We have developed a novel all-optical broadband scheme for exciting , amplifying and measuring the secular motion of ions in a radio frequency trap .	Oscillation induced by optical excitation has been coherently amplified to precisely control and measure the ion 's secular motion .	Requiring only laser line-of-sight , we have shown that the ion 's oscillation amplitude can be precisely controlled .	Our excitation scheme can generate coherent motion which is robust against variations in the secular frequency .
+4	This result is particularly important for Circinus , where previous observations had failed at detecting larger widths for high-ionization lines .	VLT and NTT spectra are used to examine the nuclear and extended coronal line emission in a sample of well-known Seyfert 1 and 2 galaxies .	The excellent spatial resolution obtained with VLT allowed us to map [ SiVI ] 1.963 $ \mu $ m and [ SiVII ] 2.48 $ \mu $ m on scales of up to 20 pc .	Coronal line emission , extended to distances of $ \sim $ 100 pc , is detected in some of the lines analyzed , particularly in [ FeX ] 6374\AA , [ FeXI ] 7891\AA , and [ SiVII ] 2.48 $ \mu $ m .	Most coronal lines are strongly asymmetric towards the blue and broader than low-ionization lines .
+1	The model is based on the previously developed Life-Space Foam ( LSF ) framework to motivational and cognitive dynamics .	We have proposed a novel model of general quantum , stochastic and chaotic psychodynamics .	The present model extends the LSF-approach by incorporating chaotic and topological non-equilibrium phase transitions .	Such extended LSF-model is applied for rigorous description of multi-agent joint action .	The present model is related to Haken-Kelso-Bunz model of self-organization in the human motor system ( including : multi-stability , phase transitions and hysteresis effects , presenting a contrary view to the purely feedback driven neural systems ) , as well as the entropy-approach to adaptation in human goal-directed motor control .
+2	We argue that a good choice of basis for ( multi- ) loop integrals can lead to significant simplifications of the differential equations , and propose criteria for finding an optimal basis .	Scattering amplitudes at loop level can be expressed in terms of Feynman integrals .	The latter satisfy partial differential equations in the kinematical variables .	This builds on experience obtained in supersymmetric field theories that can be applied successfully to generic quantum field theory integrals .	It involves studying leading singularities and explicit integral representations .
+0	The distribution of Gaussian entanglement can be used to generate a mathematically-proven secure key for quantum cryptography .	The distributed secret key rate is limited by the bandwidth of the nonlinear resonators used for entanglement generation , which is less than 100 MHz for current state-of-the-art setups .	The development of an entanglement source with a higher bandwidth promises an increased measurement speed and a linear boost in the secure data rate .	Here , we present the experimental realization of a continuous-variable entanglement source with a bandwidth of more than 1.25 GHz .	The measured entanglement spectrum was quantified via the inseparability criterion introduced by Duan and coworkers with a critical value of 4 below which entanglement is certified .
+1	We explore iterative methods that avoid direct inversion of the Fisher information matrix , which can be computationally expensive when the dimension of $ \vth $ is large .	We revisit the problem of computing submatrices of the Cram\'er-Rao bound ( CRB ) , which lower bounds the variance of any unbiased estimator of a vector parameter $ \vth $ .	The computation of the bound is related to the quadratic matrix program , where there are highly efficient methods for solving it .	We present several methods , and show that algorithms in prior work are special instances of existing optimization algorithms .	Some of these methods converge to the bound monotonically , but in particular , algorithms converging non-monotonically are much faster .
+1	It has been suggested that part of its emission arises from the interaction between a LBG and two EROs at z~2.9 that are multiply-imaged .	SMM J04542-0301 is an extended ( ~1 arcmin ) sub-mm source located near the core of the cluster MS0451.6-0305 .	However , the dramatic resolution difference between the sub-mm map and the optical/NIR images make it difficult to confirm this hypothesis .	In this paper , we present a deep ( ~ 10 microJy/beam ) , high resolution ( ~2 arcsec ) 1.4 GHz radio map of the cluster core , in which we have identified 6 sources located within SMM J04542-0301 .	The strong lensing effect in the radio data has been quantified by constructing a new lens model of the cluster .
+0	When the relationship between a response variable $ Y $ and covariates $ \vec { \mathbf { X } } $ is non-linear with possibly heteroskedastic noise , and where the covariates $ \vec { \mathbf { X } } $ are themselves random , the empirical coverage probability of traditional confidence interval ( `CI ' ) methods decreases considerably .	We propose a double bootstrap-based calibrated percentile method , perc-cal , as a general-purpose CI method which performs very well relative to alternative methods in challenging situations such as these .	For the first time , we prove that under relatively mild regularity conditions , the rate of coverage error of perc-cal for a two-sided confidence interval of the best linear approximation between $ Y $ and a $ p $ -dimensional $ \vec { \mathbf { X } } $ is $ \mathcal { O } ( n^ { -2 } ) $ .	We then show that perc-cal performs very well in practice , demonstrating its performance in a thorough , full-factorial design synthetic data study as well as a real data example involving the length of criminal sentences .	We have provided an R package , available through CRAN and coded primarily in C++ , to make it easier for practitioners to use perc-cal .
+4	This shell model may be regarded as a rare example of high-dimensional chaotic systems for which an analytic expression is known for the Lyapunov spectrum .	We study the scaling behavior of the Lyapunov spectra of a chaotic shell model for 3D turbulence .	First , we quantify localization of the Lyapunov vectors in the wavenumber space by using the numerical results .	Using dimensional arguments of Kolmogorov-type , we then deduce explicitly the asymptotic scaling behavior of the Lyapunov spectra .	This in turn is confirmed by numerical results .
+2	Superstring theory on the Penrose limit of AdS_3 x S^3 ( x M^4 ) ( M^4 = T^4 or K3 ) with NSNS-flux can be described by a generalization of Nappi-Witten model .	We investigate the correspondence between superstring theory on pp-wave background with NSNS-flux and superconformal field theory on a symmetric orbifold .	This correspondence can be regarded as the `` Penrose limit '' of AdS_3/CFT_2 correspondence .	We quantize this system in the covariant gauge and obtain the spectrum of superstring theory .	In the dual CFT point of view , the Penrose limit means concentrating on the subsector of almost BPS states with large R-charges .
+0	For $ p\in [ 1 , \infty ) $ we study representations of a locally compact group $ G $ on $ L^p $ -spaces and $ QSL^p $ -spaces .	The universal completions $ F^p ( G ) $ and $ F^p_ { \mathrm { QS } } ( G ) $ of $ L^1 ( G ) $ with respect to these classes of representations ( which were first considered by Phillips and Runde , respectively ) , can be regarded as analogs of the full group \ca { } of $ G $ ( which is the case $ p=2 $ ) .	We study these completions of $ L^1 ( G ) $ in relation to the algebra $ F^p_\lambda ( G ) $ of $ p $ -pseudofunctions .	We prove a characterization of group amenability in terms of certain canonical maps between these universal Banach algebras .	In particular , $ G $ is amenable if and only if $ F^p_ { \mathrm { QS } } ( G ) =F^p ( G ) =F^p_\lambda ( G ) $ .
+3	Our implementation of MCMC is based on the object-oriented approach outlined by Graves .	Retrieval of orbital parameters of extrasolar planets poses considerable statistical challenges.Due to sparse sampling , measurement errors , parameters degeneracy and modelling limitations , there are no unique values of basic parameters , such as period and eccentricity .	Here , we estimate the orbital parameters from radial velocity data in a Bayesian framework by utilizing Markov Chain Monte Carlo ( MCMC ) simulations with the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm .	We follow a methodology recently proposed by Gregory and Ford .	We make our resulting code , ExoFit , publicly available with this paper .
+0	The Restricted Boltzmann Machines ( RBM ) can be used either as classifiers or as generative models .	The quality of the generative RBM is measured through the average log-likelihood on test data .	Due to the high computational complexity of evaluating the partition function , exact calculation of test log-likelihood is very difficult .	In recent years some estimation methods are suggested for approximate computation of test log-likelihood .	In this paper we present an empirical comparison of the main estimation methods , namely , the AIS algorithm for estimating the partition function , the CSL method for directly estimating the log-likelihood , and the RAISE algorithm that combines these two ideas .
+4	Elongation rate variation offers an accounting for a major component of extrinsic noise , and the analysis provided here highlights a probability distribution that is a natural extension of the Poisson and has broad applicability to many types of multiplicative noise processes .	Recent experiments have shown that stochastic effects exerted at the level of translation contribute a substantial portion of the variation in abundance of proteins expressed at moderate to high levels .	This study analyzes translational noise arising from fluctuations in residue-specific elongation rates .	The resulting variation has multiplicative components that lead individual protein abundances in a population to exhibit approximately log-normal behavior .	The high variability inherent in the process leads to parameter variation that has the features of a type of noise in biological systems that has been characterized as extrinsic .
+2	Jet shapes and subjet multiplicities are measured as functions of a resolution parameter .	The internal jet structure in dijet production in deep-inelastic scattering is measured with the H1 detector at HERA .	Jets with transverse energies E ( T , breit ) & gt ; 5 GeV are selected in the Breit frame employing kt and cone jet algorithms in the kinematic region of squared momentum transfers of 10 & lt ; Q^2 & lt ; 120 GeV^2 and x-Bjorken values of 0.0002 & lt ; x & lt ; 0.008 .	The corrected data are well described by QCD models .	It is observed that jets are more collimated with increasing transverse jet energies and decreasing pseudo-rapidities , i.e.towards the photon direction .
+3	Additionally , we experimentally show a detector-scrambling approach where the random selection of the detector used for each measurement - equivalent to an active spatial mode randomization - hashes out the side-channel open by the detection efficiency mismatch-based attacks .	We propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme to render the detection apparatus of a Quantum Key Distribution system immune to the main classes of hacking attacks in which the eavesdropper explores the back-door opened by the single-photon detectors .	The countermeasure is based on the creation of modes that are not deterministically accessible to the eavesdropper .	We experimentally show that the use of beamsplitters and extra single-photon detectors at the receiver station passively creates randomized spatial modes that erase any knowledge the eavesdropper might have gained when using bright-light faked states .	The proposed combined countermeasure represents a practical and readily implementable solution against the main classes of quantum hacking attacks aimed on the single-photon detector so far , without intervening on the inner working of the devices .
+2	One of our main results is the explicit construction of a general family of pointed Hopf algebras from Dynkin diagrams .	Since the discovery of quantum groups ( Drinfeld , Jimbo ) and finite dimensional variations thereof ( Lusztig , Manin ) , these objects were studied from different points of view and had many applications .	The present paper is part of a series where we intend to show that important classes of Hopf algebras are quantum groups and therefore belong to Lie theory .	All the Frobenius-Lusztig kernels and their parabolic subalgebras belong to this family , but in addition we get many new examples .	We show that any finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebra with group of prime exponent ( greater than 17 ) is indeed in this family .
+0	We study the relationship between the UV continuum slope and infrared excess ( IRX $ \equiv L_ { \rm IR } /L_ { \rm FUV } $ ) predicted by performing dust radiative transfer on a suite of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxies .	Our suite includes both isolated disk galaxies and mergers intended to be representative of galaxies at both $ z \sim 0 $ and $ z \sim 2-3 $ .	Our low-redshift isolated disks and mergers often populate a region around the the locally calibrated \citet [ ] [ M99 ] { M99 } relation but move well above the relation during merger-induced starbursts .	Our high-redshift simulated galaxies are blue and IR-luminous , which makes them lie above the M99 relation .	The value of UV continuum slope strongly depends on the dust type used in the radiative transfer calculations : Milky Way-type dust leads to significantly more negative ( bluer ) slopes compared with Small Magellanic Cloud-type dust .
+1	By varying the gate potential along such a line junction , it should be possible to tune through the 1d localization transition , predicted for an attractively interacting electron gas .	A long skinny gate across a fractional quantum Hall fluid at filling $ \nu=1/m $ with odd integer $ m $ , creates a novel one-dimensional ( 1d ) system which is isomorphic to a disordered 1d electron gas with { \it attractive } interactions .	The key signature of this 1d metal-insulator transition is the temperature dependence of the conductivity , which diverges as a power of temperature in the metallic phase , and vanishes rapidly in the insulator .	We show that the 1d conductivity can be extracted from a standard Hall transport measurement , in the regime where the Hall conductance is close to its quantized value .	A line junction in a $ \nu=2/3 $ quantized Hall fluid is predicted to exhibit a similar localization transition .
+0	Making use of the octonion operator , the electromagnetic field generates an adjoint field theoretically .	The source of adjoint field includes the adjoint charge and the adjoint current .	The adjoint charge has an impact on the gravitational mass and the mass distribution in the electromagnetic field with its adjoint field , and causes further the predictions to departure slightly from the conservation of mass .	The inferences can explain why the adjoint charge will influence the mass distribution in the gravitational field and electromagnetic field of celestial bodies .	And then the adjoint charge can be considered as one kind of candidate for the dark matter .
+2	This can explain many of the observed features of solar flares .	Stochastic acceleration of electrons and protons by waves propagating parallel to the large scale magnetic fields of magnetized plasmas is studied with emphasis on the feasibility of accelerating particles from a thermal background to relativistic energies and with the aim of determining the relative acceleration of the two species in one source .	In general , the stochastic acceleration by these waves results in two distinct components in the particle distributions , a quasi-thermal and a hard nonthermal , with the nonthermal one being more prominent in hotter plasmas and/or with higher level turbulence .	Regarding the proton to electron ratio , we include the effects of $ ^4 $ He in the dispersion relation and the damping of the turbulent waves by the thermal background plasma .	The relative acceleration of protons and electrons is very sensitive to the ratio of the electron plasma frequency to its gyro-frequency .
+4	It is further shown that classical log gravity -- the theory with logarithmically relaxed boundary conditions -- has finite asymptotic symmetry generators but is not chiral and hence may be dual at the quantum level to a logarithmic CFT .	We show that the linearization of all exact solutions of classical chiral gravity around the AdS3 vacuum have positive energy .	Non-chiral and negative-energy solutions of the linearized equations are infrared divergent at second order , and so are removed from the spectrum .	In other words , chirality is confined and the equations of motion have linearization instabilities .	We prove that the only stationary , axially symmetric solutions of chiral gravity are BTZ black holes , which have positive energy .
+2	In order to solve this puzzle in the most economical way , we evoke an additional Z_3 discrete symmetry , without including this sextet in the scalar spectrum , and propose a truly minimal 3-3-1 model capable of generating the correct masses and mixing of all fermions .	In the original version of the minimal SU ( 3 ) _C x SU ( 3 ) _L x U ( 1 ) _N model the masses of all quarks are correctly obtained by introducing three scalar triplets into the model , meanwhile the lepton mass generation requires the introduction of at least one scalar sextet .	In this work we show that this scalar sextet is unable to yield the correct neutrino masses and mixing .	Moreover , we show that our proposal leads to naturally light neutrinos with masses in the eV range , obtained with three scalar triplets only .	Finally , the so called minimal 3-3-1 model is also in danger due to the presence of undesirable effective operators that lead to proton decay unless they are suppressed by extremely small couplings or , as we choose to employ in this work , are eliminated by some discrete symmetry .
+2	We construct new types of regular ( resp .	We study the classical solutions of the Einstein-Yang-Mills model in five dimensions in the presence of a cosmological constant $ \Lambda $ .	Using a spherically symmetric ansatz and assuming that the fields do not depend on the extra dimension , we transform the equations into a set of differential equations that we solve numerically .	black holes ) solutions which , close to the origin ( resp .	the event horizon ) resemble the 4-dimensional gravitating monopole ( resp .
+0	The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope has been used to obtain submillimeter and millimeter continuum photometry of a sample of 30 IRAS sources previously studied in molecular lines and centimeter radio continuum .	All the sources have IRAS colours typical of very young stellar objects ( YSOs ) and are associated with dense gas .	In spite of their high luminosities ( L & gt ; 10000 solar units ) , only ten of these sources are also associated with a radio counterpart .	In 17 cases we could identify a clear peak of millimeter emission associated with the IRAS source , while in 9 sources the millimeter emission was extended or faint and a clear peak could not be identified ; upper limits were found in 4 cases only .	Using simple greybody fitting model to the observed SED , we derive global properties of the circumstellar dust .
+3	We show that the domains depend explicitely on the history and relax only at extremely large time scales towards the ordered state .	For studying the interplay of dipolar interaction and anisotropy energy in systems of ultrafine magnetic particles we consider simple cubic systems of magnetic dipoles with anisotropy axes pointing into the $ z $ -direction .	Using Monte Carlo simulations we study the magnetic relaxation from several initial states .	We show explicitely that , due to the combined influence of anisotropy energy and dipole interaction , magnetic chains are formed along the $ z $ -direction that organize themselves in frozen metastable domains of columnar antiferromagnetic order .	We consider this as an indication for the appearence of frozen metastable states also in real sytems , where the dipoles are located in a liquid-like fashion and the anisotropy axes point into random directions .
+2	In particular , when Kriging is used to interpolate past evaluations , the uncertainty associated with the lack of information on the function can be expressed and used to compute a number of criteria accounting for the interest of an additional evaluation at any given point .	In many global optimization problems motivated by engineering applications , the number of function evaluations is severely limited by time or cost .	To ensure that each evaluation contributes to the localization of good candidates for the role of global minimizer , a sequential choice of evaluation points is usually carried out .	This paper introduces minimizer entropy as a new Kriging-based criterion for the sequential choice of points at which the function should be evaluated .	Based on \emph { stepwise uncertainty reduction } , it accounts for the informational gain on the minimizer expected from a new evaluation .
+0	We introduce a fluid dynamics algorithm that performs with nearly spectral accuracy , but uses finite-differences instead of FFTs to compute gradients and thus executes 10 times faster .	The finite differencing is not based on a high-order polynomial fit .	The polynomial scheme has supurb accuracy for low-wavenumber gradients but fails at high wavenumbers .	We instead use a scheme tuned to enhance high-wavenumber accuracy at the expense of low wavenumbers , although the loss of low-wavenumber accuracy is negligibly slight .	A tuned gradient is capable of capturing all wavenumbers up to 80 percent of the Nyquist limit with an error of no worse than 1 percent .
+2	Here we show that using a dark spinor field it is possible to have an equation of state that crosses the phantom divide , becoming a dark phantom spinor which evolves into dark energy .	Ever since the first observations that we are living in an accelerating universe , it has been asked what dark energy is .	There are various explanations all of which with have various draw backs or inconsistencies .	This type of equation of state has been mildly favored by experimental data , however , in the past there were hardly any candidate theories that satisfied this crossing without creating ghosts or causing a singularity which results in the universe essentially ripping .	The dark spinor model converges to dark energy in a reasonable time frame avoiding the big rip and without attaining negative kinetic energy as it crosses the phantom divide .
+1	This is an NP-hard problem and most approaches consider local search techniques .	We consider the problem of learning the structure of undirected graphical models with bounded treewidth , within the maximum likelihood framework .	In this paper , we pose it as a combinatorial optimization problem , which is then relaxed to a convex optimization problem that involves searching over the forest and hyperforest polytopes with special structures , independently .	A supergradient method is used to solve the dual problem , with a run-time complexity of $ O ( k^3 n^ { k+2 } \log n ) $ for each iteration , where $ n $ is the number of variables and $ k $ is a bound on the treewidth .	We compare our approach to state-of-the-art methods on synthetic datasets and classical benchmarks , showing the gains of the novel convex approach .
+2	This consequently leads to a definition of residual entanglement , which is referred to as three- $ \pi $ in order to distinguish from three-tangle .	We propose a new entanglement measure to quantify three qubits entanglement in terms of negativity .	A monogamy inequality analogous to Coffman-Kundu-Wootters ( CKW ) inequality is established .	The three- $ \pi $ is proved to be a natural entanglement measure .	By contrast to the three-tangle , it is shown that the three- $ \pi $ always gives greater than zero values for $ W $ and GHZ classes , implying there always exists three-way entanglement for them , and three-tangle generally underestimates three-way entanglement of a given system .
+2	Trials were run on 1/30th scale models of three-bladed marine current turbine prototypes in a flume tank .	The understanding of interaction effects between marine energy converters represents the next step in the research process that should eventually lead to the deployment of such devices .	Although some a priori considerations have been suggested recently , very few real condition studies have been carried out concerning this issue .	The present work focuses on the case where a turbine is placed at different locations in the wake of a first one .	The interaction effects in terms of performance and wake of the second turbine are examined and compared to the results obtained on the case of one single turbine .
+1	We present the analysis techniques and the signal extraction performance studies of this system .	Recently the readout of the MAGIC telescopes has been upgraded to a new system based on the Domino Ring Sampler version 4 chip .	We study the behaviour of the baseline , the noise , the cross-talk , the linearity and the time resolution .	We investigate also the optimal signal extraction .	In addition we show some of the analysis techniques specific to the readout based on the Domino Ring Sampler version 2 chip , previously used in the MAGIC II telescope .
+4	These contributions are evaluated from an effective interaction that includes the same set of diagrams as those that give the leading logarithmic terms in the renormalization group approach .	The temperature-dependent uniform magnetic susceptibility of interacting electrons in one dimension is calculated using several methods .	At low temperature , the renormalization group reaveals that the Luttinger liquid spin susceptibility $ \chi ( T ) $ approaches zero temperature with an infinite slope in striking contrast with the Fermi liquid result and with the behavior of the compressibility in the absence of umklapp scattering .	This effect comes from the leading marginally irrelevant operator , in analogy with the Heisenberg spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic chain .	Comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations at higher temperature reveal that non-logarithmic terms are important in that regime .
+2	We derive expressions for the effective Gilbert damping and the critical currents for the onset of magnetization dynamics including the effects of spin pumping that can be tested by ferromagnetic resonance experiments .	We study the dynamics of spin valves consisting of two layers of magnetic insulators separated by a normal metal in the macrospin model .	A current through the spacer generates a spin Hall current that can actuate the magnetization via the spin-transfer torque .	The current generates an amplitude asymmetry between the in-phase and out-of-phase modes .	We briefly discuss superlattices of metals and magnetic insulators .
+3	Both elastic anisotropy and anisotropic line-tension can result in domains with indentations .	A numerical algorithm based on the finite element methods has been developed to accurately determine the shape of the boundary of a domain containing `` boojum '' textures .	Within the context of the simple model we adopt , the effects of both bulk elastic anisotropy and line-tension anisotropy on the domain boundary can be examined .	It is found that line-tension anisotropy must be present in order to account for domains with protruding features .	The numerical algorithm has been extended to investigate the problem of a bubble in extended region ordered phase .
+1	We perform calculations for three structures .	The magnetic properties of NaVO2 are investigated using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method .	For the rhombohedral structure at 100 K , the t2g orbitals of V ions are split into upper a1g and lower e'g orbitals by a trigonal distortion of compression .	For the monoclinic structure at 91.5 K , the system behaves like a frustrated spin lattice with spatially anisotropic exchange interactions .	For another monoclinic structure at 20 K , the magnetic frustration is relieved by a lattice distortion which is driven by a certain orbital ordering , and the long-range magnetic ordering is thus formed .
+1	We compute the convective phase up to the time of ignition using our low Mach number code , MAESTRO , and the subsequent explosion phase using our compressible code , CASTRO .	We present our end-to-end capability for computing the convective phase through the explosion phase of Type Ia supernovae .	Both codes share the same BoxLib software framework and use finite-volume , block-structured adaptive mesh refinement ( AMR ) to enable high-resolution , three-dimensional full-star simulations that scale to 100,000+ cores .	We present preliminary results from the first-ever simulations of convection preceding ignition using MAESTRO with AMR .	We also demonstrate our ability to initialize a compressible simulation of the explosion phase in CASTRO using data obtained directly from MAESTRO just before ignition .
+0	Standard big bang nucleosynthesis ( BBNS ) promises accurate predictions of the primordial abundances of deuterium , helium-3 , helium-4 and lithium-7 as a function of a single parameter .	Previous measurements have nearly always been interpreted as confirmation of the model ( Copi , Schramm & amp ; Turner 1995 ) .	Here we present a measurement of the deuterium to hydrogen ratio ( D/H ) in a newly discovered high redshift metal-poor gas cloud at redshift $ z=2.504 $ .	This confirms our earlier measurement of D/H ( Tytler , Fan & amp ; Burles 1996 ) , and together they give the first accurate measurement of the primordial D abundance , and a ten fold improvement in the accuracy of the cosmological density of ordinary matter.This is a high density , with most ordinary matter unaccounted or dark , which is too high to agree with measurements of the primordial abundances of helium-4 and lithium-7 .	Since the D/H measurement is apparently simple , direct , accurate and highly sensitive , we propose that helium requires a systematic correction , and that population II stars have less than the primordial abundance of $ ^7 $ Li .
+4	Algorithms and computational procedures used in this paper are also included .	In this paper , we propose an equivariant degree based method to study bifurcation of periodic solutions ( of constant period ) in symmetric networks of reversible FDEs .	Such a bifurcation occurs when eigenvalues of linearization move along the imaginary axis ( without change of stability of the trivial solution and possibly without $ 1 : k $ resonance ) .	Physical examples motivating considered settings are related to stationary solutions to PDEs with non-local interaction : reversible mixed delay differential equations ( MDDEs ) and integro-differential equations ( IDEs ) .	In the case of $ S_4 $ -symmetric networks of MDDEs and IDEs , we present exact computations of full equivariant bifurcation invariants .
+1	Establishing level alignment experimentally is complicated by the uncertain chemical identity of the surface species .	Photocatalytic and photovoltaic activity depends on the optimal alignment of electronic levels at the molecule/semiconductor interface .	We address the assignment of the occupied and empty electronic levels for the prototypical photocatalytic system of methanol on a rutile TiO2 ( 110 ) surface .	Using many-body quasiparticle ( QP ) techniques we show that the frontier levels measured in ultraviolet photoelectron and two photon photoemission spectroscopy experiments can be assigned with confidence to the molecularly chemisorbed methanol , rather than its decomposition product , the methoxy species .	We find the highest occupied molecular orbital ( HOMO ) of the methoxy species is much closer to the valence band maximum , suggesting why it is more photocatalytically active than the methanol molecule .
+2	In this paper we outline how taking into account the low rank structure assumption implicit in these dimension reduction approaches provides both computational and statistical advantages .	Scalability of statistical estimators is of increasing importance in modern applications and dimension reduction is often used to extract relevant information from data .	A variety of popular dimension reduction approaches can be framed as symmetric generalized eigendecomposition problems .	We adapt recent randomized low-rank approximation algorithms to provide efficient solutions to three dimension reduction methods : Principal Component Analysis ( PCA ) , Sliced Inverse Regression ( SIR ) , and Localized Sliced Inverse Regression ( LSIR ) .	A key observation in this paper is that randomization serves a dual role , improving both computational and statistical performance .
+1	The oscillations in this metal-based system are due to the occurrence of a Coulomb energy gap in the nanocrystals which is tunable via the nanocrystal size .	We demonstrate that by means of a local top-gate current oscillations can be observed in extended , monolayered films assembled from monodisperse metal nanocrystals -- realizing transistor function .	The nanocrystal assembly by the Langmuir-Blodgett method yields homogeneous monolayered films over vast areas .	The dielectric oxide layer protects the metal nanocrystal field-effect transistors from oxidation and leads to stable function for months .	The transistor function can be reached due to the high monodispersity of the nanocrystals and the high super-crystallinity of the assembled films .
+2	Solutions for the non-averaged and averaged equations are compared .	The harmonic lasing free-electron laser amplifier , in which two wigglers is employed in order for the fundamental resonance of the second wiggler to coincide with the third harmonic of the first wiggler to generate ultraviolet radiation , is studied .	A set of coupled nonlinear first-order differential equations describing the nonlinear evolution of the system , for a long electron bunch , is solved numerically by CYRUS code .	Remarkable agreement is found between the averaged and non-averaged simulation for the evolution of the third harmonic .	Thermal effects in the form of longitudinal velocity spread are also investigated .
+0	We address a discrete tomography problem that arises in the study of the atomic structure of crystal lattices .	A polyatomic structure T can be defined as an integer lattice in dimension D & gt ; =2 , whose points may be occupied by $ c $ distinct types of atoms .	To `` analyze '' T , we conduct ell measurements that we call_discrete X-rays_ .	A discrete X-ray in direction xi determines the number of atoms of each type on each line parallel to xi .	Given ell such non-parallel X-rays , we wish to reconstruct T. The complexity of the problem for c=1 ( one atom type ) has been completely determined by Gardner , Gritzmann and Prangenberg , who proved that the problem is NP-complete for any dimension D & gt ; =2 and ell & gt ; =3 non-parallel X-rays , and that it can be solved in polynomial time otherwise .
+4	Variation in genome size and architecture is a fundamental cellular adaptation that remains poorly understood ( 5 ) .	Darwin introduced the concept of the `` living fossil '' to describe species belonging to lineages that have experienced little evolutionary change , and suggested that species in more slowly evolving lineages are more prone to extinction ( 1 ) .	Recent studies revealed that some living fossils such as the lungfish are indeed evolving more slowly than other vertebrates ( 2 , 3 ) .	The reason for the slower rate of evolution in these lineages remains unclear , but the same observations suggest a possible genome size effect on rates of evolution .	Genome size ( C-value ) in vertebrates varies over 200 fold ranging from pufferfish ( 0.4 pg ) to lungfish ( 132.8 pg ) ( 4 ) .
+2	Simultaneous fitting to the photometric and radial velocity data with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure leads to a planet in the mass regime of Saturn .	We report the discovery of WASP-21b , a new transiting exoplanet discovered by the Wide Angle Search for Planets ( WASP ) Consortium and established and characterized with the FIES , SOPHIE , CORALIE and HARPS fiber-fed echelle spectrographs .	A 4.3-d period , 1.1 % transit depth and 3.4-h duration are derived for WASP-21b using SuperWASP-North and high precision photometric observations at the Liverpool Telescope .	With a radius of 1.07 R_Jup and mass of 0.30 M_Jup , WASP-21b has a density close to 0.24 rho_Jup corresponding to the distribution peak at low density of transiting gaseous giant planets .	With a host star metallicity [ Fe/H ] of -0.46 , WASP-21b strengthens the correlation between planetary density and host star metallicity for the five known Saturn-like transiting planets .
+4	The proposed method allowed to relate the dose with the red channel transmittance using only T0 , T_inf , and a dose scaling factor .	Purpose : To relate the physical transmittance parameters of the water equivalent Gafchromic EBT 2 Film with the delivered dose in a transparent absolute calibration protocol .	The protocol should be easy to understand , easy to perform , and should be able to predict the residual dose error .	Conclussions : The gafchromic EBT2 Films are properly calibrated with an accessible robust calibration protocol .	The protocol largely deals with the uniformity problems of the Film .
+0	Causality is typically treated an all-or-nothing concept ; either A is a cause of B or it is not .	We extend the definition of causality introduced by Halpern and Pearl [ 2001 ] to take into account the degree of responsibility of A for B .	For example , if someone wins an election 11 -- 0 , then each person who votes for him is less responsible for the victory than if he had won 6 -- 5 .	We then define a notion of degree of blame , which takes into account an agent 's epistemic state .	Roughly speaking , the degree of blame of A for B is the expected degree of responsibility of A for B , taken over the epistemic state of an agent .
+0	We study renormalization group flows among N=1 SCFTs realized on the worldvolume of D3-branes probing toric Calabi-Yau singularities , thus admitting a brane tiling description .	The flows are triggered by masses for adjoint or vector-like pairs of bifundamentals and are generalizations of the Klebanov-Witten construction of the N=1 theory for the conifold starting from the N=2 theory for the C^2/Z_2 orbifold .	In order to preserve the toric condition pairs of masses with opposite signs have to be switched on .	We offer a geometric interpretation of the flows as complex deformations of the Calabi-Yau singularity preserving the toric condition .	For orbifolds , we support this interpretation by an explicit string amplitude computation of the gauge invariant mass terms generated by imaginary self-dual 3-form fluxes in the twisted sector .
+4	The n state-variables describe the ribosomal density profile along the mRNA molecule , whereas the transition rates from each site to the next are controlled by n+1 positive constants .	The ribosomal density along the coding region of the mRNA molecule affect various fundamental intracellular phenomena including : protein production rates , organismal fitness , ribosomal drop off , and co-translational protein folding .	Thus , regulating translation in order to obtain a desired ribosomal profile along the mRNA molecule is an important biological problem .	We study this problem using a model for mRNA translation , called the ribosome flow model ( RFM ) .	In the RFM , the mRNA molecule is modeled as chain of n sites .
+4	The DOMIM enables joint collaboration between radiologists and physicians while they are at distant geographical locations .	Digital medical informatics and images are commonly used in hospitals today , .	Because of the interrelatedness of the radiology department and other departments , especially the intensive care unit and emergency department , the transmission and sharing of medical images has become a critical issue .	Our research group has developed a Java-based Distributed Object Medical Imaging Model ( DOMIM ) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of medical imaging applications in a distributed environment that can be shared and used by related departments and mobile physiciansDOMIM is a unique suite of multimedia telemedicine applications developed for the use by medical related organizations .	The applications support realtime patients ' data , image files , audio and video diagnosis annotation exchanges .
+0	In recent single-particle tracking ( SPT ) measurements on { \it Listeria monocytogenes } motility { \em in vitro } , the actin-based stochastic dynamics of the bacterium movement is analyzed statistically ( Kuo and McGrath , 2000 ) .	The mean-square displacement ( MSD ) of the detrended trajectory exhibit a linear behavior ; it has been suggested that a corresponding analysis for the Brownian ratchet model ( Peskin , Odell , & amp ; Oster , 1993 ) leads to a non-monotonic MSD .	A simplified version of the Brownian ratchet , when its motion is limited by the bacterium movement , is proposed and analyzed stochastically .	Analytical results for the simple model are obtained and statistical data analysis is investigated .	The MSD of the stochastic bacterium movement is a quadratic function while the MSD for the detrended trajectory is shown to be linear .
+3	We then investigate for a fixed A , the existence of such B_1 , B_2 giving sufficient and necessary conditions , involving consistency results .	We address a number of problems on Boolean Algebras .	For example , we construct , in ZFC , for any BA B , and cardinal kappa BAs B_1 , B_2 extending B such that the depth of the free product of B_1 , B_2 over B is strictly larger than the depths of B_1 and of B_2 than kappa .	We give a condition ( for lambda , mu and theta ) which implies that for some BA A_theta there are B_1=B^1_ { lambda , mu , theta } and B_2B^2_ { lambda , mu , theta } such that Depth ( B_t ) & lt ; = mu and Depth ( B_1 oplus_ { A_theta } B_1 ) & gt ; = lambda .	Further we prove that e.g.if B is a BA of cardinality lambda , lambda & gt ; = mu and lambda , mu are strong limit singular of the same cofinality , then B has a homomorphic image of cardinality mu ( and with mu ultrafilters ) .
+4	Bar strength was found to be sensitive to the Hubble-type dependent scale height of the disk , which has been ignored in the previous studies .	Non-axisymmetric forces are presented for 107 spiral galaxies using the 2 Micron All Sky Survey ( 2MASS ) images .	We apply both Cartesian integration and a polar grid integration utilizing a limited number of azimuthal Fourier components of density .	We found that bar strength is independent of the method used to evaluate the gravitational potential .	However , the polar method is more suitable for weak and noisy images .
+3	Here , we solve the dynamics of a specific , yet representative , class of glass models in the presence of nonthermal driving forces and energy dissipation , and show that a dynamic arrest can take place in these nonequilibrium conditions .	The glass transition , extensively studied in dense fluids , polymers , or colloids , corresponds to a dramatic evolution of equilibrium transport coefficients upon a modest change of control parameter , like temperature or pressure .	A similar phenomenology is found in many systems evolving far from equilibrium , such as driven granular media , active and living matter .	While many theories compete to describe the glass transition at thermal equilibrium , very little is understood far from equilibrium .	While the location of the transition depends on the specifics of the driving mechanisms , important features of the glassy dynamics are insensitive to details , suggesting that an `effective ' thermal dynamics generically emerges at long time scales in nonequilibrium systems close to dynamic arrest .
+3	The electron vortex beams with tilted vortex lead to spin Hall effect in free space .	We investigate the propagation of electron vortex beams in a magnetic field .	It is pointed out that when electron vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum propagate in a magnetic field , the Berry curvature associated with the scalar electron moving in a cyclic path around the vortex line is modified from that in free space .	This alters the spin-orbit interaction , which affects the propagation of nonparaxial beams .	In presence of a magnetic field in time space we have spin filtering such that either positive or negative spin states emerge in spin Hall currents with clustering of spin $ \frac { 1 } { 2 } $ states .
+1	However , achieving robust template coexistence turned out to be such a difficult demand that only a class of models , the so-called package models , seems to have met it so far .	The coexistence of distinct templates is a common feature of the diverse proposals advanced to resolve the information crisis of prebiotic evolution .	Here we apply Wright 's Island formulation of group selection to study the conditions for the coexistence of two distinct template types confined in packages ( vesicles ) of finite capacity .	In particular , we show how selection acting at the level of the vesicles can neutralize the pressures towards the fixation of any one of the template types ( random drift ) and of the type with higher replication rate ( deterministic competition ) .	We give emphasis to the role of the distinct generation times of templates and vesicles as yet another obstacle to coexistence .
+3	The bulk AEP construction requires two simple DFT calculations of slightly deformed elongated cells .	We derive an analytic connection between the screened self-consistent effective potential from density functional theory ( DFT ) and atomic effective pseudopotentials ( AEPs ) .	The motivation to derive AEPs is to address structures with thousands to hundred thousand atoms , as given in most nanostructures .	The use of AEPs allows to bypass a self-consistent procedure and to address eigenstates around a certain region of the spectrum ( e.g. , around the band gap ) .	The ensuing AEPs are given on a fine reciprocal space grid , including the small reciprocal vector components , are free of parameters , and involve no fitting procedure .
+0	We obtain the higher spin tractor equations of motion conjectured by Gover et al .	from a BRST approach and use those methods to prove that they describe massive , partially massless and massless higher spins in conformally flat backgrounds .	The tractor description makes invariance under local choices of unit system manifest .	In this approach , physical systems are described by conformal , rather than ( pseudo- ) Riemannian geometry .	In particular masses become geometric quantities , namely the weights of tractor fields .
+4	We construct two types of PB pulses : $ \mathcal { N } ( \mathcal { B } ) $ in which a broadband pulse is nested into a narrowband pulse , and $ \mathcal { B } ( \mathcal { N } ) $ in which a narrowband pulse is nested into a broadband pulse ; the latter sequences deliver narrower profiles .	We introduce flexible high-fidelity passband ( PB ) composite pulse sequences constructed by concatenation of recently derived arbitrarily large and arbitrarily accurate broadband $ \mathcal { B } $ and narrowband $ \mathcal { N } $ composite sequences .	Our PB sequences allow to produce flexible and tunable nearly rectangular two-state inversion profiles as a function of the individual pulse area because the width and the rectangularity of these profiles can be adjusted at will .	Moreover , these PB sequences suppress excitation around pulse area $ 0 $ and $ 2\pi $ , and suppress deviations from complete population inversion around pulse area $ \pi $ to arbitrarily high orders .	These features makes them a valuable tool for high-fidelity qubit operations in the presence of relatively strong amplitude noise .
+2	We rigorously establish two independent error bounds for the two MTIs at $ O ( \tau^2/\varepsilon^2 ) $ and $ O ( \varepsilon^2 ) $ for $ \varepsilon\in ( 0,1 ] $ with $ \tau & gt ; 0 $ as step size , which imply that the two MTIs converge uniformly with linear convergence rate at $ O ( \tau ) $ for $ \varepsilon\in ( 0,1 ] $ and optimally with quadratic convergence rate at $ O ( \tau^2 ) $ in the regimes when either $ \varepsilon=O ( 1 ) $ or $ 0 & lt ; \varepsilon\le \tau $ .	In this paper , two multiscale time integrators ( MTIs ) , motivated from two types of multiscale decomposition by either frequency or frequency and amplitude , are proposed and analyzed for solving highly oscillatory second order differential equations with a dimensionless parameter $ 0 & lt ; \varepsilon\le1 $ .	In fact , the solution to this equation propagates waves with wavelength at $ O ( \varepsilon^2 ) $ when $ 0 & lt ; \varepsilon\ll 1 $ , which brings significantly numerical burdens in practical computation .	Thus the meshing strategy requirement ( or $ \varepsilon $ -scalability ) of the two MTIs is $ \tau=O ( 1 ) $ for $ 0 & lt ; \varepsilon\ll 1 $ , which is significantly improved from $ \tau=O ( \varepsilon^3 ) $ and $ \tau=O ( \varepsilon^2 ) $ requested by finite difference methods and exponential wave integrators to the equation , respectively .	Extensive numerical tests and comparisons with those classical numerical integrators are reported , which gear towards better understanding on the convergence and resolution properties of the two MTIs .
+3	In particular , we show that the embeddings between them are strongly convex ( or , said otherwise , totally geodesic ) .	We explore several families of flip-graphs , all related to polygons or punctured polygons .	In particular , we consider the topological flip-graphs of once-punctured polygons which , in turn , contain all possible geometric flip-graphs of polygons with a marked point as embedded sub-graphs .	Our main focus is on the geometric properties of these graphs and how they relate to one another .	We also find bounds on the diameters of these graphs , sometimes using the strongly convex embeddings .
+3	Our analysis yields a total decay rate $ \Gamma ( B\to X_u e\bar\nu ) = ( 6.8\pm 2.0 ) 10^ { 13 } |V_ { ub } |^2 { s } ^ { -1 } $ .	We calculate the electron spectrum of semileptonic decays of B-mesons into non-charmed hadrons .	The shape of the spectrum obtained from QCD sum rules is in general agreement with quark model calculations .	At high electron energies the decrease of the spectrum is less steep than predicted by Altarelli et al .	For the spectrum integrated over electron energies in the interval $ 2.4 { GeV } \leq E_e \leq 2.6\mbox { \ GeV } $ in the laboratory frame we obtain $ \Gamma ( B\to X_u e \bar\nu ) = ( 5.0\pm 1.6 ) 10^ { 12 } |V_ { ub } |^2 { s } ^ { -1 } $ .
+3	Cyberinsurance policies have become more comprehensive as insurers better understand the risk landscape and specific business needs .	Cyberinsurance is a powerful tool to align market incentives toward improving Internet security .	We trace the evolution of cyberinsurance from traditional insurance policies to early cyber-risk insurance policies to current comprehensive cyberinsurance products .	We find that increasing Internet security risk in combination with the need for compliance with recent corporate legislation has contributed significantly to the demand for cyberinsurance .	More specifically , cyberinsurers are addressing what used to be considered insurmountable problems ( e.g. , adverse selection/asymmetric information , moral hazard , etc . )
+2	Considering a reduction of singularities , we detect the possible existence of `` nodal components '' , which are a higher dimensional version of the nodal separators in dimension two .	This paper is devoted to studying the structure of codimension one singular holomorphic foliations on $ ( { \mathbb C } ^3,0 ) $ without invariant germs of analytic surface .	We focus on the so-called CH-foliations , that is , foliations without saddle nodes in two dimensional sections .	If the foliation is without nodal components , we prove that all the leaves in a neighborhood of the origin contain at least one germ of analytic curve at the origin .	We also study the structure of nodal components for the case of `` Relatively Isolated CH-foliations '' and we show that they cut the dicritical components or they exit the origin through a non compact invariant curve .
+0	This paper discusses bit-level soft decoding of triple-parity Reed-Solomon ( RS ) codes through automorphism permutation .	A new method for identifying the automorphism groups of RS binary images is first developed .	The new algorithm runs effectively , and can handle more RS codes and capture more automorphism groups than the existing ones .	Utilizing the automorphism results , a new bit-level soft-decision decoding algorithm is subsequently developed for general $ ( n , n-3,4 ) $ RS codes .	Simulation on $ ( 31,28,4 ) $ RS codes demonstrates an impressive gain of more than 1 dB at the bit error rate of $ 10^ { -5 } $ over the existing algorithms .
+0	A dynamical scalar field represents the simplest generalization of a pure Cosmological Constant as a candidate to explain the recent evidence in favour of the accelerated cosmic expansion .	We review the dynamical properties of such a component , and argue that , even if the background expectation value of this field is fixed and the equation of state is the same as a Cosmological Constant , scalar field fluctuations can still be used to distinguish the two components .	We compare predicted spectra of Cosmic Microvave Background ( CMB ) anisotropies in tracking scalar field cosmologies with the present CMB data , in order to get constraints on the amount and equation of state of dark energy .	High precision experiments like SNAP , { \sc Planck } and { \sc SNfactory } , together with the data on Large Scale Structure , are needed to probe this issue with the necessary accuracy .	Here we show the intriguing result that , with a strong prior on the value of the Hubble constant today , the assumption of a flat universe , and consistency relations between amplitude and spectral index of primordial gravitational waves , the present CMB data at $ 1\sigma $ give indication of a dark energy equation of state larger than -1 , while the ordinary Cosmological Constant is recovered at $ 2\sigma $ .
+0	The one-dimensional Schrodinger equation for the potential $ x^6+\alpha x^2 +l ( l+1 ) /x^2 $ has many interesting properties .	For certain values of the parameters l and alpha the equation is in turn supersymmetric ( Witten ) , quasi-exactly solvable ( Turbiner ) , and it also appears in Lipatov 's approach to high energy QCD .	In this paper we signal some further curious features of these theories , namely novel spectral equivalences with particular second- and third-order differential equations .	These relationships are obtained via a recently-observed connection between the theories of ordinary differential equations and integrable models .	Generalised supersymmetry transformations acting at the quasi-exactly solvable points are also pointed out , and an efficient numerical procedure for the study of these and related problems is described .
+1	Compared to previous formulations , there are three main improvements : ( i ) the topography is taken into account , ( ii ) the exact three-dimensional advection terms are considered and ( iii ) the vertical flux is separated from the energy transfer between different spherical harmonics .	A new formulation of the spectral energy budget of kinetic and available potential energies of the atmosphere is derived , with spherical harmonics as base functions .	Using this formulation , results from two different high resolution GCMs are analyzed : the AFES T639L24 and the ECMWF IFS T1279L91 .	The spectral fluxes show that the AFES , which reproduces realistic horizontal spectra with a k^ { -5/3 } inertial range at the mesoscales , simulates a strong downscale energy cascade .	In contrast , neither the k^ { -5/3 } vertically integrated spectra nor the downscale energy cascade are produced by the ECMWF IFS .
+2	For the Pisot numbers which satisfy $ x^m=x^ { m-1 } +x^ { m-2 } + ... +x+1 $ ( with $ m\ge2 $ ) Garsia 's entropy has been evaluated with high precision by Alexander and Zagier and later improved by Grabner , Kirschenhofer and Tichy , and it proves to be close to 1 .	Let $ \beta\in ( 1,2 ) $ be a Pisot number and let $ H_\beta $ denote Garsia 's entropy for the Bernoulli convolution associated with $ \beta $ .	Garsia , in 1963 showed that $ H_\beta & lt ; 1 $ for any Pisot $ \beta $ .	No other numerical values for $ H_\beta $ are known .	In the present paper we show that $ H_\beta & gt ; 0.81 $ for all Pisot $ \beta $ , and improve this lower bound for certain ranges of $ \beta $ .
+0	The role of sound in the dynamics of mesoscale systems is typically neglected , since frequently the associated time scales are much smaller than all the other time scales of interest .	However , for sufficiently small objects embedded in a solvent with a sufficiently small sound velocity , sound can play a crucial role .	In particular , behavior resembling viscoelasticity has been theoretically predicted for non-viscoelastic fluids .	This effect is due to the interference of the propagation of sound waves caused by the solute particle 's motion and hydrodynamic vortex formation .	We demonstrate this effect , known as backtracking , in computer simulations employing the method of multiparticle collision dynamics .
+4	These results represent a factor of two improvement compared to previous examinations of the low-mass mass-radius relationship .	We examine the agreement between the observed and theoretical low-mass ( & lt ; 0.8 solar masses ) stellar main sequence mass-radius relationship by comparing detached eclipsing binary ( DEB ) data with a new , large grid of stellar evolution models .	The new grid allows for a realistic variation in the age and metallicity of the DEB population , characteristic of the local galactic neighborhood .	Overall , our models do a reasonable job of reproducing the observational data .	A large majority of the models match the observed stellar radii to within 4 % , with a mean absolute error of 2.3 % .
+1	In face of this growth , security threats also rise , compromising the Confidentiality , Integrity and Availability of the services provided .	Today , Cloud Computing is rising strongly , presenting itself to the market by its main service models , known as IaaS , PaaS and SaaS , that offer advantages in operational investments by means of on-demand costs , where consumers pay by resources used .	Our work is a Systematic Mapping where we hope to present metrics about publications available in literature that deal with some of the seven security threats in Cloud Computing , based in the guide entitled `` Top Threats to Cloud Computing '' from the Cloud Security Alliance ( CSA ) .	In our research we identified the more explored threats , distributed the results between fifteen Security Domains and identified the types of solutions proposed for the threats .	In face of those results , we highlight the publications that are concerned to fulfill some standard of compliance .
+3	In particular , the PROP action gives an action on the homology of a loop space of a compact simply -- connected manifold .	This is the second of two papers in which we prove that a cell model of the moduli space of curves with marked points and tangent vectors at the marked points acts on the Hochschild co -- chains of a Frobenius algebra .	We also prove that a there is dg -- PROP action of a version of Sullivan Chord diagrams which acts on the normalized Hochschild co-chains of a Frobenius algebra .	These actions lift to operadic correlation functions on the co -- cycles .	In this second part , we discretize the operadic and PROPic structures of the first part .
+1	Efficient numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation requires adaptive mesh refinements .	Stochastic models of chemical systems are often analysed by solving the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation which is a drift-diffusion partial differential equation for the probability distribution function .	In this paper , we present a mesh refinement approach which makes use of a stochastic simulation of the underlying chemical system .	By observing the stochastic trajectory for a relatively short amount of time , the areas of the state space with non-negligible probability density are identified .	By refining the finite element mesh in these areas , and coarsening elsewhere , a suitable mesh is constructed and used for the computation of the probability density .
+3	This was set to be the culmination of a lifetime devoted to scanning the night sky , but unfortunately no one was able to confirm it .	Dr. Thomas David Anderson ( 1853-1932 ) was a Scottish amateur astronomer famed for his discovery of two bright novae : Nova Aurigae 1891 and Nova Persei 1901 .	He also discovered more than 50 variable stars as well as making independent discoveries of Nova Aquilae 1918 and comet 17P/Holmes in 1892 .	At the age of seventy , in 1923 , he reported his discovery of a further nova , this time in Cygnus .	This paper discusses Anderson 's life leading up to the discovery and considers whether it was real or illusory .
+0	We introduce a new state discrimination problem in which we are given additional information about the state after the measurement , or more generally , after a quantum memory bound applies .	In particular , the following special case plays an important role in quantum cryptographic protocols in the bounded storage model : Given a string x encoded in an unknown basis chosen from a set of mutually unbiased bases , you may perform any measurement , but then store at most q qubits of quantum information .	Later on , you learn which basis was used .	How well can you compute a function f ( x ) of x , given the initial measurement outcome , the q qubits and the additional basis information ?	We first show a lower bound on the success probability for any balanced function , and any number of mutually unbiased bases , beating the naive strategy of simply guessing the basis .
+3	It is shown that there exists only a single mode even for the hierarchical states , and the mode is not localized exponentially near the edges .	An effective Chern-Simons theory for the quantum Hall states with edges is studied by treating the edge and bulk properties in a unified fashion .	An exact steady-state solution is obtained for a half-plane geometry using the Wiener-Hopf method .	For a Hall bar with finite width , it is proved that the charge and current distributions do not have a diverging singularity .	Thus this result differs from the edge picture in which electrons are treated as strictly one dimensional chiral Luttinger liquids .
+4	Therefore , in practical scenarios where the arriving signals from geographically separated users have different AoAs , the EM-lens enabled system provides two new benefits , namely energy focusing and spatial interference rejection .	Massive multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO ) techniques have been recently advanced to tremendously improve the performance of wireless communication networks .	However , the use of very large antenna arrays at the base stations ( BSs ) brings new issues , such as the significantly increased hardware and signal processing costs .	In order to reap the enormous gain of massive MIMO and yet reduce its cost to an affordable level , this paper proposes a novel system design by integrating an electromagnetic ( EM ) lens with the large antenna array , termed the EM-lens enabled MIMO .	The EM lens has the capability of focusing the power of an incident wave to a small area of the antenna array , while the location of the focal area varies with the angle of arrival ( AoA ) of the wave .
+2	A mixed action approach ignoring disconnected contributions is used to calculate correlator matrices consisting of mesonic molecule , diquark-antidiquark and two-meson interpolating operators with quantum numbers of the scalar mesons a0 ( 980 ) ( 1 ( 0^++ ) ) and kappa ( 1/2 ( 0+ ) ) .	It is a long discussed issue whether light scalar mesons have sizeable four-quark components .	We present an exploratory study of this question using N_f=2+1+1 twisted mass lattice QCD .	The correlation matrices are analyzed by solving the generalized eigenvalue problem .	The theoretically expected free two-particle scattering states are identified , while no additional low lying states are observed .
+1	In the formulation we allow both pairwise and higher order interactions .	In this paper we propose a prior distribution for the clique set and dependence structure of binary Markov random fields ( MRFs ) .	We construct the prior by first defining a prior for the neighbourhood system of the MRF , and conditioned on this we define a prior for the appearance of higher order interactions .	Finally , for the parameter values we adopt a prior that allows for parameter values to equal , and in this way we reduce the effective number of free parameters .	To sample from a resulting posterior distribution conditioned on an observed scene we construct a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo ( RJMCMC ) algorithm .
+1	Thin films containing the nanoparticles were produced using RF magnetron sputtering followed by ex situ heat treatment .	The optical properties of metallic tin nanoparticles embedded in silicon-based host materials were studied .	Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the nanoparticle shape and size distribution ; spherical , metallic tin nanoparticles were always found .	The presence of a localized surface plasmon resonance in the nanoparticles was observed when SiO2 and amorphous silicon were the host materials .	Optical spectroscopy revealed that the localized surface plasmon resonance is at approximately 5.5 eV for tin nanoparticles in SiO2 , and at approximately 2.5 eV in amorphous silicon .
+1	We construct Gosset polytopes ( r-4 ) _ { 21 } in Pic S_ { r } ; Q whose vertices are lines , and we identify divisor classes in Pic S_ { r } corresponding to ( a-1 ) -simplexes , ( r-1 ) -simplexes and ( r-1 ) -crosspolytopes of the polytope ( r-4 ) _ { 21 } .	In this article , we research on the correspondences between the geometry of del Pezzo surfaces S_ { r } and the geometry of Gosset polytopes ( r-4 ) _ { 21 } .	Then we explain these classes correspond to skew a-lines , exceptional systems and rulings , respectively .	As an application , we work on the monoidal transform for lines to study the local geometry of the polytope ( r-4 ) _ { 21 } .	And we show Gieser transformation and Bertini transformation induce a symmetry of polytopes 3_ { 21 } and 4_ { 21 } , respectively .
+0	Most limits on the fourth generation heavy top quark ( the t ' ) are based on the assumed dominance of t ' - & gt ; Wb , which is expected to be case in the minimal fourth generation framework with a single Higgs ( the so called SM4 ) .	Here we show , within a variant of a Two Higgs Doublet Model with four generations of fermions , that , in general , a different t ' detection strategy is required if the physics that underlies the new heavy fermionic degrees of freedom goes beyond the `` naive '' SM4 .	We find that the recent CMS lower bounds : m_ { t ' } & lt ; 450 GeV in the semi-leptonic channel pp - & gt ; t't ' - & gt ; l\nu qqbb and m_ { t ' } & lt ; 557 GeV in the dilepton channel pp - & gt ; t't ' - & gt ; ll\nu \nu bb , that were obtained using the customary ( SM4-driven ) detection strategies , do not apply .	In particular , we demonstrate that if the decay t ' - & gt ; ht dominates , then applying the `` standard '' CMS search tools leads to a considerably relaxed lower bound : m_ { t ' } & gt ; ~350 GeV .	We , therefore , suggest an alternative search strategy that is more sensitive to beyond SM4 dynamics of the fourth generation fermions .
+4	In this contribution we present measurements of the spectra of charged pions and the $ \rho^0 $ production in pion-carbon interactions , which are essential for modeling of air showers .	The interpretation of extensive air shower measurements , produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays , relies on the correct modeling of the hadron-air interactions that occur during the shower development .	The majority of hadronic particles are produced at equivalent beam energies below the TeV range .	NA61/SHINE is a fixed target experiment using secondary beams produced at CERN at the SPS .	Hadron-hadron interactions have been recorded at beam momenta between 13 and 350 GeV/c with a wide-acceptance spectrometer .
+1	Until now , the development of data-analysis techniques to detect GWs from these sources has been focused mostly on nonspinning BHs .	Black-hole ( BH ) binaries with single-BH masses m=5 -- 20 Msun , moving on quasicircular orbits , are among the most promising sources for first-generation ground-based gravitational-wave ( GW ) detectors .	The data-analysis problem for the spinning case is complicated by the necessity to model the precession-induced modulations of the GW signal , and by the large number of parameters needed to characterize the system , including the initial directions of the spins , and the position and orientation of the binary with respect to the GW detector .	In this paper we consider binaries of maximally spinning BHs , and we work in the adiabatic-inspiral regime to build families of modulated detection templates that ( i ) are functions of very few physical and phenomenological parameters , ( ii ) model remarkably well the dynamical and precessional effects on the GW signal , with fitting factors on average & gt ; ~ 0.97 , but ( iii ) might require increasing the detection thresholds , offsetting at least partially the gains in the fitting factors .	Our detection-template families are quite promising also for the case of neutron-star -- black-hole binaries , with fitting factors on average ~ 0.93 .
+2	This method was de vel - oped to in crease the or der of ap pli ca tion of the Born ap prox i ma tion ( in the case of weakly-con trasted me dia ) to higher or ders .	This study focuses on the application of ultra sonic diffrac tion tomography to noncircular 2D-cylindri - cal ob jects im mersed in an in fi nite fluid .	The dis torted Born it er a tive method used to solve the in verse scat ter ing prob lem be longs to the class of al ge braic re con struc tion al go rithms .	This yields quan ti ta tive in for ma tion about the scat terer , such as the speed of sound and the at ten u a tion .	Quan ti ta tive ul tra sonic im ag ing tech niques of this kind are of great po ten tial value in fields such as med i cine , un der wa ter acous tics and non de struc tive test ing .
+1	We analyze the second-order dipole allowed process that the strong perturbation works through the intermediate state in which the spin degree of freedom is lost at the core-hole site .	We study the magnetic excitation spectra in L-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering ( RIXS ) from undoped cuprates .	Within the approximation neglecting the perturbation on the neighboring sites , we derive the spin-flip final state in the scattering channel with changing the polarization , which leads to the RIXS spectra expressed as the dynamical structure factor of the transverse spin components .	We assume a spherical form of the spin-conserving final state in the channel without changing the polarization , which leads to the RIXS spectra expressed as the 'exchange'-type multi-spin correlation function .	Evaluating numerically the transition amplitudes to these final states on a finite-size cluster , we obtain a sizable amount of the transition amplitude to the spin-conserving final state in comparison with that to the spin-flip final state .
+3	Now , a dedicated Gd test facility is operating in the Kamioka Mine .	The proposed introduction of a soluble gadolinium ( Gd ) compound into water Cherenkov detectors can result in a high efficiency for the detection of free neutrons capturing on the Gd .	The delayed 8 MeV gamma cascades produced by these captures , in coincidence with a prompt positron signal , serve to uniquely identify electron antineutrinos interacting via inverse beta decay .	Such coincidence detection can reduce backgrounds , allowing a large Gd-enhanced water Cherenkov detector to make the first observation of supernova relic neutrinos and high precision measurements of Japan 's reactor antineutrino flux , while still allowing for all current physics studies to be continued .	This new facility houses everything needed to successfully operate a Gd doped water Cherenkov detector .
+4	The non-observation of de-excitation gammas from the 0+ at 1888.5keV results in a lower half-life limit on the 0 neutrino double electron capture decay of 112Sn of T_half & gt ; 0.8e19 yrs ( 90 % CL ) , despite a possible resonant enhancement of the decay rate due to degenerated states .	A search for the various double beta decay modes of 124Sn and 112Sn has been performed on 75 kg.days of data .	New half-life limits for excited states in 124Sn have been obtained including a lower limit for the decay into the first excited 2+ state of 124Te of T_half & gt ; 0.87e20 yrs ( 90 % CL ) and into the first excited 0+ state of T_half & gt ; 1.08e20 yrs ( 90 % CL ) .	Ground state and excited state transitions of 112Sn have also been experimentally explored .	A limit for the 2 neutrino double electron capture of T_half & gt ; 1.8e19 yrs ( 90 % CL ) is obtained .
+2	This data suggests that global center symmetry is not essential to the vortex confinement mechanism .	We further investigate center vortex percolation and Coulomb gauge remnant symmetry breaking in the SU ( 2 ) gauge-Higgs model .	We show that string breaking is visible in Polyakov line correlators on the center projected lattice , that our usual numerical tests successfully relate P-vortices to center vortices , and that vortex removal removes the linear potential , as in the pure gauge theory .	But we also find that the line of vortex percolation-depercolation transitions , and the line of remnant symmetry breaking transitions , do not coincide in the SU ( 2 ) -Higgs phase diagram .	This non-uniqueness of transition lines associated with non-local order parameters favors a straightforward interpretation of the Fradkin-Shenker theorem , namely : there is no unambiguous distinction , in the SU ( 2 ) gauge-Higgs models , between a `` confining '' phase and a Higgs phase .
+3	It induces the formation of a steep density cusp around the MBH and strong mass segregation , as more massive stars lose energy to lighter ones and drift to the central regions .	The study of how stars distribute themselves around a massive black hole ( MBH ) in the center of a galaxy is an important prerequisite for the understanding of many galactic-center processes .	These include the observed overabundance of point X-ray sources at the Galactic center , the prediction of rates and characteristics of tidal disruptions of extended stars by the MBH and of inspirals of compact stars into the MBH , the latter being events of high importance for the future space borne gravitational wave interferometer LISA .	In relatively small galactic nuclei , hosting MBHs with masses in the range 10^5-10^7 Msun , the single most important dynamical process is 2-body relaxation .	Using a spherical stellar dynamical Monte-Carlo code , we simulate the long-term relaxational evolution of galactic nucleus models with a spectrum of stellar masses .
+2	Many solutions attempting to improve this process have been proposed but only a few use geo-location systems in the management of the handover .	Handoff has become an essential criterion in mobile communication system , specially in urban areas , owing to the limited coverage area of Access Points ( AP ) .	Handover of calls between two Base Stations ( BSs ) is encountered frequently and it is essentially required to minimize the delay of the process .	Here we propose to minimize the handoff latency by minimizing the number of APs scanned by the Mobile Node ( MN ) during each handoff procedure .	We consider the whole topographical area as a two dimensional plane .
+2	The greatest fraction of a planet 's initial volatile budget is degassed into the atmosphere during the end of magma ocean solidification , leaving only a small fraction of the original volatiles to be released into the atmosphere through later volcanism .	Terrestrial planets , with silicate mantles and metallic cores , are likely to obtain water and carbon compounds during accretion .	Here I examine the conditions that allow early formation of a surface water ocean ( simultaneous with cooling to clement surface conditions ) , and the timeline of degassing the planetary interior into the atmosphere .	Rocky planets that accrete with water in their bulk mantle have two mechanisms for producing an early water ocean : First , if they accrete with at least 1 to 3 mass % of water in their bulk composition , liquid water may be extruded onto the planetary surface at the end of magma ocean solidification .	Second , at initial water contents as low as 0.01 mass % or lower , during solidification a massive supercritical fluid and steam atmosphere is produced that collapses into a water ocean upon cooling .
+0	We consider clean cylindrical nanostructures with an applied longitudinal static magnetic field .	Without Coulomb interaction , the field induces , for particular values , points of degeneracy where a change of ground state takes place due to Aharonov-Bohm effect .	The Coulomb potential introduces interaction between the electronic configurations .	As a consequence , when there is degeneracy , the ground state of the system becomes a many body state - unable to be described by a mean-field theory - and a gap is opened .	To study this problem , we propose a variational multireference wave function which goes beyond the Hartree-Fock approximation .
+0	We consider dissipative one-dimensional systems subject to a periodic force and study numerically how a time-varying friction affects the dynamics .	As a model system , particularly suited for numerical analysis , we investigate the driven cubic oscillator in the presence of friction .	We find that , if the damping coefficient increases in time up to a final constant value , then the basins of attraction of the leading resonances are larger than they would have been if the coefficient had been fixed at that value since the beginning .	From a quantitative point of view , the scenario depends both on the final value and the growth rate of the damping coefficient .	The relevance of the results for the spin-orbit model are discussed in some detail .
+0	Despite the many efforts , our theoretical understanding of the ultimate nature of the dark energy component of the universe still lags well behind the astounding experimental evidence achieved from the increasingly sophisticated observational tools at our disposal .	While the canonical possibility is a strict cosmological constant , or rigid vacuum energy density $ \rho_ { \Lambda } = $ const. , the exceeding simplicity of this possibility lies also at the root of its unconvincing theoretical status , as there is no explanation for the existence of such constant for the entire cosmic history .	Herein we explore general models of the vacuum energy density slowly evolving with the Hubble function $ H $ and/or its time derivative , $ \rho_ { \Lambda } ( H , \dot { H } ) $ .	Some of these models are actually well-motivated from the theoretical point of view and may provide a rich phenomenology that could be explored in future observations , whereas some others have more limitations .	In this work , we put them to the test and elucidate which ones are still compatible with the present observations and which ones are already ruled out .
+0	We initiate a study of cosmology within the framework of Maldacena 's AdS/CFT correspondence .	We present a comprehensive analysis of the classical motion of a charged domain wall that separates an external Reissner-Nordstrom region of spacetime ( with small or vanishing cosmological constant ) from an internal de-Sitter region .	The possible associated spacetime diagrams are drawn , although in the classical case , an unambiguous prediction of what occurs at late times in the interior region is not possible , since singularities and Cauchy horizons form .	We argue that , when the asymptotic region is anti-de Sitter , the AdS/CFT correspondence gives a prescription for resolving the curvature singularities and evolving solutions across the expected Cauchy horizon .	Some of our solutions contain inflating interiors , and we provide evidence these can be patched onto solutions with smooth initial data , circumventing an obstacle found by Farhi and Guth to creating an inflating universe in the laboratory .
+4	The study found overall good agreement between forecasted and observed fire spread and smoke transport for the Witch-Guejito fire .	In this study , we describe how WRF-Sfire is coupled with WRF-Chem to construct WRFSC , an integrated forecast system for wildfire and smoke prediction .	The integrated forecast system has the advantage of not requiring a simple plume-rise model and assumptions about the size and heat release from the fire in order to determine fire emissions into the atmosphere .	With WRF-Sfire , wildfire spread , plume and plume-top heights are predicted directly , at every WRF timestep , providing comprehensive meteorology and fire emissions to the chemical transport model WRF-Chem .	Evaluation of WRFSC was based on comparisons between available observations to the results of two WRFSC simulations .
+4	These new relations are verified by comparing to the already known three-loops renormalization factors .	In the present letter , a particular form of Slavnov-Taylor identities for the Curci-Ferrari model is deduced .	This model consist of Yang-Mills theory in a particular non-linear covariant gauge , supplemented with mass terms for gluons and ghosts .	It can be used as a regularization for the Yang-Mills theory preserving simple Slavnov-Taylor identities .	Employing these identities two non-renormalization theorems are proved that reduce the number of independent renormalization factors from five to three .
+4	The observed intensity ratio of 7320\AA/7330\AA from these measurements agrees with the theoretical value calculated under conditions of thermally populated 2Po levels .	The wavelengths of the individual [ O II ] 2s22p3 2Do ( 5/2 ) - 2s22p3 2Po ( 1/2,3/2 ) 7320\AA and [ O II ] 2s22p3 2Do ( 3/2 ) - 2s22p3 2Po ( 1/2,3/2 ) 7330\AA auroral doublet component lines have been measured directly in the nightglow for the first time , from high resolution spectra obtained with the HIRES spectrograph on the Keck I telescope at the W.M .	Keck Observatory .	Specifically , we find 7320\AA and 7330\AA doublet splittings of 1.077 $ \pm $ 0.003\AA and 1.080 $ \pm $ 0.003\AA respectively , with the former significantly larger than the often quoted and utilized value of 0.8\AA from Moore ( 1949 , Atomic Energy Levels , Vol 1 ) , and in line with NIST ( 1.07\AA ) as well as more recent astrophysical observations of the lines in planetary nebulae including 1.07\AA from DeRobertis , Osterbrock , & amp ; McKee ( 1985 , ApJ,293,459 ) and 1.09\AA from Barnett & amp ; McKeith ( 1988 , MNRAS,234,241 ) .	Our results suggest , however , that adjustments of +0.124\AA and +0.131\AA should be made to current NIST wavelengths for the blue and red components of the 7320\AA doublet respectively , while the wavelengths of the 7330\AA doublet components are little changed from current NIST values .
+0	Models for which the likelihood function can be evaluated only up to a parameter-dependent unknown normalising constant , such as Markov random field models , are used widely in computer science , statistical physics , spatial statistics , and network analysis .	However , Bayesian analysis of these models using standard Monte Carlo methods is not possible due to the intractability of their likelihood functions .	Several methods that permit exact , or close to exact , simulation from the posterior distribution have recently been developed .	However , estimating the evidence and Bayes ' factors ( BFs ) for these models remains challenging in general .	This paper describes new random weight importance sampling and sequential Monte Carlo methods for estimating BFs that use simulation to circumvent the evaluation of the intractable likelihood , and compares them to existing methods .
+1	However , the reliability , usability and responsiveness of the Mobile Hosts depend on various factors including the characteristics of available network , computational resources , and better means of searching the services provided by them .	It is now feasible to host Web Services on a mobile device due to the advances in cellular devices and mobile communication technologies .	P2P enhances the adoption of Mobile Host in commercial environments .	Mobile Hosts in P2P can collaboratively share the resources of individual peers .	P2P also enhances the service discovery of huge number of Web Services possible with Mobile Hosts .
+2	The ellipses are anchored around the circular impurities in the homeotropic or planar directions .	We study glass transitions in mixtures of elliptic and circular particles in two dimensions using an orientation-dependent Lennard-Jones potential .	Changing anisotropic parameters of the potential , the size ratio , and the concentration , we realize double glass , where both the particle positions and orientations are disordered but still hold mesoscopic order .	We examine slowing-down of rotational and translational time-correlation functions .	Turnover motions of the ellipses are activated more frequently than the configuration changes , where the latter cause the structural relaxation .
+2	Two examples are constructed , answering the questions posed by Moothathu [ Colloq.Math .	The article addresses some open questions about the relations between the topological weak mixing property and the transitivity of the map $ f\times f^2 \times ... \times f^m $ , where $ f\colon X\ra X $ is a topological dynamical system on a compact metric space .	The theorem stating that a weakly mixing and strongly transitive system is $ \Delta $ -transitive is extended to a non-invertible case with a simple proof .	120 ( 2010 ) , no.1 , 127 -- 138 ] .	The first one is a multi-transitive non weakly mixing system , and the second one is a weakly mixing non multi-transitive system .
+2	In this work , an adaptive PTM scheme based on feedback from multiple users is presented and evaluated .	This paper investigates point-to-multipoint ( PTM ) transmission supporting adaptive modulation and coding ( AMC ) as well as retransmissions based on incremental redundancy .	In contrast to the classical PTM transmission which was introduced by the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service ( MBMS ) , the adaptiveness requires user individual feedback channels that allow the receivers to report their radio conditions and send positive or negative acknowledgments ( ACK/NACK ) for a Layer 1 transport block to the eNodeB .	Furthermore , a simple NACK-oriented feedback mechanism is introduced to relieve the feedback channel that is used in the uplink .	Finally , the performance of different single-cell MBMS transmission modes is evaluated by dynamic radio network simulations .
+0	A growing body of evidence suggests that part of , if not all , scattering regions of active galactic nuclei ( AGNs ) are clumpy.Hence .	in this paper , we run radiative transfer models in the optical/UV for a variety of AGN reprocessing regions with different distributions of clumpy scattering media .	We use the latest version of the Monte Carlo code STOKES presented in the first two papers of this series to model AGN reprocessing regions of increasing morphological complexity .	We replace previously uniform-density media with up to thousands of constant-density clumps .	We couple a continuum source to fragmented equatorial scattering regions , polar outflows , and toroidal , obscuring dust regions and investigate a wide range of geometries .
+2	We introduce niche maps as an efficient means to find the right place to allocate a chunk of a given size whilst maintaining good packing and avoiding fragmentation .	In this report we discuss the concepts of geometric memory align- ment , geometric memory allocation and geometric memory mapping .	We introduce block trees as an efficient data structure for representing geo- metrically aligned block allocation states .	We intro- duce ledging as a process to deal with chunk sizes that are not a power of two .	We discuss using block trees for memory mapping in the context of virtual memory management .
+1	1700 stars towards the Galactic globular cluster Palomar 12 , covering a field of 10.7 ' x 10.7 ' .	We present broadband V , I CCD photometry for ca .	From these data , a color-magnitude diagram from the red giant branch tip to ca .	2 mag below the cluster 's turn-off is obtained .	From a comparison with the color magnitude diagrams of 47 Tuc and M5 , and using different theoretical models , we confirm that Pal 12 is younger , finding an age 68 % +/- 10 % that of both template clusters .
+2	With these new spectra , we contribute investigating the occurrence of active galactic nuclei ( AGNs ) .	We obtained long-slit optical spectra of the nuclear regions of 376 galaxies in the local Universe using the 1.5m Cassini telescope of Bologna Observatory .	Of these spectra , 164 were either never taken before by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) , or given by the Nasa Extragalactic Database ( NED ) .	Nevertheless , we stress that the present sample is by no means complete , thus , it can not be used to perform any demographic study .	Following the method presented in Gavazzi et al .
+1	However , such photon number resolving detectors are urgently needed for applications in quantum computing,2-4 communications5 and interferometry,6 as well as for extending the applicability of quantum detection generally .	Avalanche photodiodes are widely used as practical detectors of single photons.1 Although conventional devices respond to one or more photons , they can not resolve the number in the incident pulse or short time interval .	Here we show that , contrary to current belief,3,4 avalanche photodiodes are capable of detecting photon number , using a technique to measure very weak avalanches at the early stage of their development .	Under such conditions the output signal from the avalanche photodiode is proportional to the number of photons in the incident pulse .	As a compact , mass-manufactured device , operating without cryogens and at telecom wavelengths , it offers a practical solution for photon number detection .
+4	Interestingly we find that these mass functions do not evolve significantly with redshift .	( Abridged ) Accurately predicting how the cosmic abundance of neutral hydrogen evolves with redshift is a challenging problem facing modellers of galaxy formation .	We investigate the predictions of four currently favoured semi-analytical galaxy formation models applied to the Millennium simulation for the mass function of cold neutral gas ( atomic and molecular ) in galaxies as a function of redshift , and we use these predictions to construct number counts for the next generation of all-sky neutral atomic hydrogen ( HI ) surveys .	Despite the different implementations of the physical ingredients of galaxy formation , we find that the model predictions are broadly consistent with one another ; the key differences reflect how the models treat AGN feedback and how the timescale for star formation evolves with redshift .	The models produce mass functions of cold gas in galaxies that are generally in good agreement with HI surveys at $ z $ =0 .
+2	A recent experimental manifestation of this situation was achieved using a voltage-biased superconducting charge qubit .	We consider a system composed of a single artificial atom coupled to a cavity mode .	The artificial atom is biased such that the most dominant relaxation process in the system takes the atom from its ground state to its excited state , thus ensuring population inversion .	Even under the condition of `inverted relaxation ' , lasing action can be suppressed if the `relaxation ' rate is larger than a certain threshold value .	Using simple transition-rate arguments and a semiclassical calculation , we derive analytic expressions for the lasing suppression condition and the state of the cavity in both the lasing and suppressed-lasing regimes .
+4	We discuss some use cases of the combination of IR systems and interactive graphics .	Interactive visualizations for exploring and retrieval have not yet become an integral part of digital libraries and information retrieval systems .	We have integrated a set of interactive graphics in a real world social science digital library .	These visualizations support the exploration of search queries , results and authors , can filter search results , show trends in the database and can support the creation of new search queries .	The use of weighted brushing supports the identification of related metadata for search facets .
+4	The signal extraction is based on a binned maximum-likelihood fit of the output classifier distribution .	This Letter presents a search at the LHC for s-channel single top-quark production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV .	The analyzed data set was recorded by the ATLAS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb $ ^ { -1 } $ .	Selected events contain one charged lepton , large missing transverse momentum and exactly two b-tagged jets .	A multivariate event classifier based on boosted decision trees is developed to discriminate s-channel single top-quark events from the main background contributions .
+1	In a first part , we limit the study to small deformation .	Using a thermodynamical approach , we calculate the deformation of a spherical elastic particle placed on a rigid substrate , under zero external load , and including an ingredient of importance in soft matter : the interfacial tension of the cap .	In contrast with previous works , we obtain an expression for the energy that precisely contains the JKR and Young-Dupr\'e asymptotic regimes , and which establishes a continuous bridge between them .	In a second part , we consider the large deformation case , which is relevant for future comparison with numerical simulations and experiments on very soft materials .	Using a fruitful analogy with fracture mechanics , we derive the exact energy of the problem and thus obtain the equilibrium state for any given choice of physical parameters .
+2	From the analyses we conclude that EPR measurements performed at a single frequency with the magnetic field H at a magic angle { \alpha } _M , where 62deg & lt ; { \alpha } _M & lt ; 63deg , with respect to the axial crystal field of the d3 spin system , yields an almost exact solution in third-order perturbation theory .	Numerical and analytical methods are used to investigate the calculation of the zero field splitting |2D| and g ( perp ) parameters in EPR for octahedrally surrounded d3 spin systems ( S = 3/2 ) in strong and moderate axial crystal fields ( |D| & gt ; =h { \nu } ) .	Exact numerical computer calculations are compared with analytical results obtained from third-order perturbation theory .	For dual frequency experiments , i.e.X-K , X-Q and K-Q band experiments , performed with the magnetic field H at an angle of { \alpha } = 90deg with respect to the axial crystal field , the ratio h\u { psion } /|2D| has to be smaller than 0.25 in order to use third order perturbation calculations within an error limit of 0.020 % in the g ( perp ) values .	For values of h\u { psion } /|2D| & gt ; = 0.25 one has to proceed with exact numerical computer calculations .
+4	For two NLS1 in the C-sample multi-epoch measurements of alpha_ox are available and suggest that alpha_ox approaches more normal values as the complexity between 2.5-10 keV diminishes .	( abridged ) With the commissioning of XMM came the discovery of 2.5-10 keV spectral complexity in some narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies ( NLS1 ) .	In this work , we define two samples of NLS1 : a complex sample whose members exhibit high-energy complexity ( C-sample ) , and a general sample of NLS1 whose 2.5-10 keV spectra do not strongly deviate from a simple power law ( S-sample ) .	Considering historical light curves of each object we find that the C-sample is representative of NLS1 in a low X-ray flux state , whereas the members of the S-sample appear to be in a typical flux state .	Moreover , from measurements of alpha_ox with contemporaneous UV/X-ray data , we find that the C-sample of NLS1 appear X-ray weaker at the time of the observation .
+3	By tuning the conductivity , we have obtained for the first time the crossover between the moderately dirty and the superclean scaling regimes of the spin Hall effect , equivalent to that obtained for the anomalous Hall effect .	We systematically measure and analyze the spin diffusion length and the spin Hall effect in Pt with a wide range of conductivities using the spin absorption method in lateral spin valve devices .	We observe a linear relation between spin diffusion length and conductivity , evidencing that spin relaxation in Pt is governed by the Elliott-Yafet mechanism .	We find a single intrinsic spin Hall conductivity ( $ \sigma_ { SH } ^ { int } =1540\pm100\ : \Omega^ { -1 } cm^ { -1 } $ ) for Pt in the full range studied which is in good agreement with theory .	Our results explain the dispersion of spin Hall angle values in the literature and find a route to maximize this important parameter .
+1	In asymmetric nuclear matter such as heavy nuclei , isospin-symmetry breaking is large and it is expected that the mixing property of the mesons changes significantly and the above-mentioned decay width of the \eta created in such a medium may be enhanced .	It is known that the decay process \eta\rightarrow\pi^0\pi^+\pi^- in free space is possible due to the isospin-symmetry breaking in Quantum Chromodynamics ( QCD ) , i.e. , the small mass difference between u and d quarks : The small width is intimately related with the mixing property between \eta and \pi^0 mesons for which the chiral anomaly play a role .	This is an intriguing possibility to revealing a medium effect on a hadron in nuclei .	We apply the in-medium chiral perturbation theory to estimate the modification of the \eta -\pi^0 mixing angle and the partial width of \eta\pi^0\pi^+\pi^- in asymmetric nuclear matter as a function of the isospin asymmetry .	We find that these quantities can be greatly enhanced in neutron-rich matter , which should be deteactable in experiment .
+2	We performed aperture photometry for this star on the STEREO archival data and thereby confirm the transit signature .	HD 213597 is an eclipsing binary system which was detected by the STEREO spacecraft and was speculated to host a low-mass stellar companion .	We used high-resolution spectroscopy with the 10-m Hobby-Eberly Telescope and the 1.2-m telescope in Mt Abu for radial velocity ( RV ) measurements of this source .	We also did follow-up ground-based photometry with a 10-inch telescope from Mt Abu .	The spectroscopic RV semi-amplitude of the primary ( 33.39 km s^-1 ) indicates that the secondary is an M dwarf making the system a short period F+M eclipsing binary .
+1	( Our strategy is a variant of the method used by Candelas , de la Ossa , Green , and Parkes in the case of quintic hypersurfaces . )	We describe a strategy for computing Yukawa couplings and the mirror map , based on the Picard-Fuchs equation .	We then explain a technique of Griffiths which can be used to compute the Picard-Fuchs equations of hypersurfaces .	Finally , we carry out the computation for four specific examples ( including quintic hypersurfaces , previously done by Candelas et al . ) .	This yields predictions for the number of rational curves of various degrees on certain hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces .
+0	Prompted by the recent MAXIMA-1 and BOOMERANG-98 measurements of the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) anisotropy power spectrum , and motivated by the results from the observation of high-redshift Type Ia supernovae , we investigate CMB anisotropies in quintessence models in order to characterize the nature of the dark energy today .	We perform a Bayesian likelihood analysis , using the MAXIMA-1 and BOOMERANG-98 published bandpowers , in combination with COBE/DMR , to explore the space of quintessence parameters : the quintessence energy density \Omega_\phi and equation of state w_\phi .	We restrict our analysis to flat , scale-invariant , inflationary adiabatic models .	We find that this simple class of inflationary models , with a quintessence component \Omega_\phi & lt ; ~0.7 , -1 & lt ; = w_\phi & lt ; ~-0.5 , is in good agreement with the data .	Within the assumptions of our analysis , pure quintessence models seem to be slightly favored , although the simple cosmological constant scenario is consistent with the data .
+3	We also say that P is maj-balanced if exactly half the linear extensions of P have even major index .	Let P be a poset with elements 1,2 , ... , n. We say that P is sign-balanced if exactly half the linear extensions of P ( regarded as permutations of 1,2 , ... , n ) are even permutations , i.e. , have an even number of inversions .	This concept first arose in the work of Frank Ruskey , who was interested in the efficient generation of all linear extensions of P. We survey a number of techniques for showing that posets are sign-balanced , and more generally , computing their `` imbalance . ''	There are close connections with domino tilings and , for certain posets , a `` domino generalization '' of Schur functions due to Carre and Leclerc .	We discuss some similarities and some differences between sign-balanced and maj-balanced posets .
+0	We consider the classification of near-horizon geometries in a general two-derivative theory of gravity coupled to abelian gauge fields and uncharged scalars in four and five dimensions , with one and two commuting rotational symmetries respectively .	Assuming that the theory of gravity reduces to a 3d non-linear sigma model ( as is typically the case for ungauged supergravities ) , we show that the functional form of any such near-horizon geometry may be determined .	As an example we apply this to five dimensional minimal supergravity .	We also construct an example of a five parameter near-horizon geometry solution to this theory with S^1 X S^2 horizon topology .	We discuss its relation to the near-horizon geometries of the yet to be constructed extremal black rings with both electric and dipole charges .
+0	We presented the results of an analysis of four XMM-Newton observations of the starburst galaxy IC342 taken over a four-year span from 2001 to 2005 , with an emphasis on investigating the long-term flux and spectral variability of the X-ray point sources .	We detected a total of 61 X-ray sources within 35 ' $ \times $ 30 ' of the galaxy down to a luminosity of ( 1-2 ) $ \times $ 1037 erg s-1 depending on the local background .	We found that 39 of the 61 detected sources showed long-term variability , in which 26 of them were classified as X-ray transients .	We also found 19 sources exhibiting variations in hardness ratios or undergoing spectral transitions among observations , and were identified as spectral variables .	In particular , 8 of the identified X-ray transients showed spectral variability in addition to flux variability .
+4	On the large scale , we detect many prominent HI shells .	We present preliminary results from the Southern Galactic Plane Survey ( SGPS ) Test Region and Parkes data .	As part of the pilot project for the Southern Galactic Plane Survey , observations of a Test Region ( 325.5 deg & lt ; l & lt ; 333.5 deg ; -0.5 deg & lt ; b & lt ; 3.5 deg ) were completed in December 1998 .	Single dish observations of the full survey region ( 253 deg & lt ; l & lt ; 358 deg ; |b| & lt ; 1 deg ) with the Parkes Radio Telescope were completed in March 2000 .	We present a sample of SGPS HI data with particular attention to the smallest and largest scale structures seen in absorption and emission , respectively .
+2	For t_ { Cr } & lt ; 250 \AA the SDW propagates out-of-plane with the spins in the film plane .	Proximity effects of 20 \AA thin Fe layers on the spin density waves ( SDWs ) in epitaxial Cr ( 001 ) films are revealed by neutron scattering .	Unlike in bulk Cr we observe a SDW with its wave vector Q pointing along only one { 100 } direction which depends dramatically on the film thickness t_ { Cr } .	For t_ { Cr } & gt ; 1000 \AA the SDW propagates in the film plane with the spins out-of-plane perpendicular to the in-plane Fe moments .	This reorientation transition is explained by frustration effects in the antiferromagnetic interaction between Fe and Cr across the Fe/Cr interface due to steps at the interface .
+0	Vortices are screw phase dislocations associated with helicoidal wave-fronts .	In nonlinear optics , vortices arise as singular solutions to the phase-intensity equations of geometric optics .	They exist for a general class of nonlinear response functions .	In this sense , vortices possess a universal character .	Analysis of geometric optics equations on the hodograph plane leads to deformed vortex type solutions that are sensitive to the form of the nonlinearity .
+2	Samples are represented by spatial ( planar ) graphs , i.e.valued graphs defined by metric rather than topologic distance and where street intersections are turned into nodes and streets into edges .	Recent theoretical and empirical studies have focused on the structural properties of complex relational networks in social , biological and technological systems .	Here we study the basic properties of twenty 1-square-mile samples of street patterns of different world cities .	We study the distribution of nodes in the 2-dimensional plane .	We then evaluate the local properties of the graphs by measuring the meshedness coefficient and counting short cycles ( of three , four and five edges ) , and the global properties by measuring global efficiency and cost .
+4	The main result applies to general distributions with at least four moments .	Covariance estimation becomes challenging in the regime where the number p of variables outstrips the number n of samples available to construct the estimate .	One way to circumvent this problem is to assume that the covariance matrix is nearly sparse and to focus on estimating only the significant entries .	To analyze this approach , Levina and Vershynin ( 2011 ) introduce a formalism called masked covariance estimation , where each entry of the sample covariance estimator is reweighted to reflect an a priori assessment of its importance .	This paper provides a short analysis of the masked sample covariance estimator by means of a matrix concentration inequality .
+2	We study this problem in the Bayesian setting .	In this paper we initiate the study of optimization of bandit type problems in scenarios where the feedback of a play is not immediately known .	This arises naturally in allocation problems which have been studied extensively in the literature , albeit in the absence of delays in the feedback .	In presence of delays , no solution with provable guarantees is known to exist with sub-exponential running time .	We show that bandit problems with delayed feedback that arise in allocation settings can be forced to have significant structure , with a slight loss in optimality .
+1	This work yields analytical expressions for the D and D $ ^ { \prime } $ integrated Raman intensities that explicitly show the dependencies on laser energy , defect concentration , and electronic lifetime .	An analytical study is presented of the double resonant Raman scattering process in graphene , responsible for the D and D $ ^ { \prime } $ features in the Raman spectra .	Good agreement is obtained between the analytical results and experimental measurements on samples with increasing defect concentrations and at various laser excitation energies .	The use of Raman spectroscopy to identify the nature of defects is discussed .	Comparison between the models for the edge-induced and the disorder-induced D band intensity suggests that edges or grain boundaries can be distinguished from disorder by the different dependence of their Raman intensity on laser excitation energy .
+4	This is accompanied by a critical boson component .	The mechanism of delocalization of two-dimensional Dirac fermions with random mass is investigated , using a superfield representation .	Although localization effects are very strong , one fermion component can delocalize due to the spontaneous breaking of a special supersymmetry of the model .	The delocalized fermion has a non-singular density of states and is decribed by a diffusion propagator .	Supersymmetry is restored if the mean of the random mass is sufficiently large .
+2	$ \Sigma_ { \rm C } $ is evaluated exactly in the sequential tunneling limit , and the correction due to finite tunneling width is evaluated self-consistently using a conserving approximation based on diagrammatic perturbation theory on the Keldysh contour .	A many-body theory of molecular junction transport based on nonequilibrium Green 's functions is developed , which treats coherent quantum effects and Coulomb interactions on an equal footing .	The central quantity of the many-body theory is the Coulomb self-energy matrix $ \Sigma_ { \rm C } $ of the junction .	Our approach reproduces the key features of both the Coulomb blockade and coherent transport regimes simultaneously in a single unified transport theory .	As a first application of our theory , we have calculated the thermoelectric power and differential conductance spectrum of a benzenedithiol-gold junction using a semi-empirical $ \pi $ -electron Hamiltonian that accurately describes the full spectrum of electronic excitations of the molecule up to 8 -- 10eV .
+3	Its solutions exhibit two different confinement mechanisms - dependent on the sign of the coupling $ \lambda $ to the nonstandard gravitational fields .	The gauge model of nonrelativistic particles on a line interacting with nonstandard gravitational fields [ 5 ] is supplemented by the addition of a ( non ) -Abelian gauge interaction .	Solving for the gauge fields we obtain equations , in closed form , for a classical two particle system .	The corresponding Schr\ '' { o } dinger equation , obtained by the Moyal quantization procedure , is solved analytically .	For $ \lambda & gt ; 0 $ confinement is due to a rising potential whereas for $ \lambda & lt ; 0 $ it is due to to the dynamical ( geometric ) bag formation .
+3	Several features of the spiral galaxies at different redshifts are predicted , and the main factors which influence on these features are found .	We study the evolution of disk galaxies within the frame of the cold dark matter ( CDM ) cosmologies .	The hydrodynamics of a centrifugally supported gaseous disk and the growth of a stellar disk are calculated in detail taking into account the energy balance of the ISM and the gravitational instabilities that concern gas and stars .	The halo density profile is derived from the primordial cosmological conditions and its gravitational contraction produced by the disk is included .	A strong evidence is provided that the Tully-Fisher relation is an imprint of the primordial cosmological conditions .
+3	Our model implies a tendency towards segregation , with a possibly positive influence on growth , if team effects operate .	Endogenous , ideas-led , growth theory and agent based modelling with neighbourhood effects literature are crossed .	In an economic overlapping generations framework , it is shown how social interactions and neighbourhood effects are of vital importance in the endogenous determination of the long run number of skilled workers and therefore of the growth prospects of an economy .	Neighbourhood effects interact with the initial distribution of educated agents across space and play a key role in the long run stabilisation of the number of educated individuals .	The long run growth rate is also shown to depend on the rate of time preference .
+0	This paper explores the utility of instantaneous and continuous observations in the optimal control of quantum dynamics .	Simulations of the processes are performed on several multilevel quantum systems with the goal of population transfer .	Optimal control fields are shown to be capable of cooperating or fighting with observations to achieve a good yield , and the nature of the observations may be optimized to more effectively control the quantum dynamics .	Quantum observations also can break dynamical symmetries to increase the controllability of a quantum system .	The quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects induced by observations are the key operating principles in these processes .
+4	Even when estimation error is quantifiable at individual locations , the overall estimation error of the estimated exceedance region is still unknown .	An exceedance region is the set of locations in a spatial domain where a process exceeds some threshold .	Examples of exceedance regions include areas where ozone concentrations exceed safety standards , there is high risk for tornadoes or floods , or heavy-metal levels are dangerously high .	Identifying these regions in a spatial or spatio-temporal setting is an important responsibility in environmental monitoring .	Exceedance regions are often estimated by finding the areas where predictions from a statistical model exceed some threshold .
+2	Let I be the input size , i.e. , the total number of vertices and edges in G and the families C_i , counting multiplicity .	Given a planar graph G and a sequence C_1 , ... , C_q , where each C_i is a family of vertex subsets of G , we wish to find a plane embedding of G , if any exists , such that for each i in { 1 , ... , q } , there is a face F_i in the embedding whose boundary contains at least one vertex from each set in C_i .	This problem has applications to the recovery of topological information from geographical data and the design of constrained layouts in VLSI .	We show that this problem is NP-complete in general .	We also show that it is solvable in O ( I log I ) time for the special case where for each input family C_i , each set in C_i induces a connected subgraph of the input graph G. Note that the classical problem of simply finding a planar embedding is a further special case of this case with q=0 .
+4	We comment on the vacuum structure and on renormalization in the presence of these symmetries .	We consider the impact of imposing generalized CP symmetries on the Higgs sector of the two-Higgs-doublet model , and identify three classes of symmetries .	Two of these classes constrain the scalar potential parameters to an exceptional region of parameter space which respects either a Z_2 discrete flavor symmetry or a U ( 1 ) symmetry .	We exhibit a basis-invariant quantity that distinguishes between these two possible symmetries .	We also show that the consequences of imposing these two classes of CP symmetry can be achieved by combining Higgs Family symmetries , and that this is not possible for the usual CP symmetry .
+2	We also present proofs that do not use the Classification theorem .	We prove that there exists a constant $ k $ with the property : if $ \calC $ is a conjugacy class of a finite group $ G $ such that every $ k $ elements of $ \calC $ \ generate a solvable subgroup then $ \calC $ generates a solvable subgroup .	In particular , using the Classification of Finite Simple Groups , we show that we can take $ k=4 $ .	The most direct proof gives a value of $ k=10 $ .	By lengthening one of our arguments slightly , we obtain a value of $ k=7 $ .
+4	We also show that these findings hold true across cultures by analyzing tweets related to Major League Baseball games in 2015 .	The advent of social media expands our ability to transmit information and connect with others instantly , which enables us to behave as `` social sensors . ''	Here , we studied concurrent bursty behavior of Twitter users during major sporting events to determine their function as social sensors .	We show that the degree of concurrent bursts in tweets ( posts ) and retweets ( re-posts ) works as a strong indicator of winning or losing a game .	More specifically , our simple tweet analysis of Japanese professional baseball games in 2013 revealed that social sensors can immediately react to positive and negative events through bursts of tweets , but that positive events are more likely to induce a subsequent burst of retweets .
+3	We also consider realistic finite atom-field interaction times and provide for a simple analytical expression for the photon `` tunneling '' probability including all these effects .	We propose an experiment with two coupled microwave cavities and a `` tunneling '' photon observed by the passage of Rydberg atoms .	We model the coupled cavities as in Ref .	\cite { art1 } and include dissipative effects as well as limited detection efficiency .	We show that for sufficiently small dissipation constants the effect can be observed with current experimental facilities .
+2	The effects of fusion and braiding of Wilson lines can be also straightforwardly studied within our framework .	We develop an approach based on edge theories to calculate the entanglement entropy and related quantities in ( 2+1 ) -dimensional topologically ordered phases .	Our approach is complementary to , e.g. , the existing methods using replica trick and Witten 's method of surgery , and applies to a generic spatial manifold of genus $ g $ , which can be bipartitioned in an arbitrary way .	By considering a generic superposition of states with different Wilson line configurations , through an interference effect , we can detect , by the entanglement entropy , the topological data of Chern-Simons theories , e.g. , the $ R $ -symbols , monodromy and topological spins of quasiparticles .	Furthermore , by using our method , we calculate other entanglement measures such as the mutual information and the entanglement negativity .
+3	This dynamical spacing distribution is consistent with that of adjacent planets in the Solar System .	We used a sample of Kepler candidate planets with orbital periods less than 200 days and radii between 1.5 and 30 Earth radii to determine the typical dynamical spacing of neighboring planets .	To derive the intrinsic ( i.e. , free of observational bias ) dynamical spacing of neighboring planets , we generated populations of planetary systems following various dynamical spacing distributions , subjected them to synthetic observations by the Kepler spacecraft , and compared the properties of observed planets in our simulations with actual Kepler detections .	We found that , on average , neighboring planets are spaced 21.7 mutual Hill radii apart with a standard deviation of 9.5 .	To test the packed planetary systems hypothesis , the idea that all planetary systems are dynamically packed or filled to capacity , we determined the fraction of systems that are dynamically packed by performing long-term ( 10^8 years ) numerical simulations .
+0	{ \it ProtoEXIST1 } is a pathfinder for the { \it EXIST-HET } , a coded aperture hard X-ray telescope with a 4.5 m $ ^2 $ CZT detector plane a 90 $ \times $ 70 degree field of view to be flown as the primary instrument on the { \it EXIST } mission and is intended to monitor the full sky every 3 h in an effort to locate GRBs and other high energy transients .	{ \it ProtoEXIST1 } consists of a 256 cm $ ^2 $ tiled CZT detector plane containing 4096 pixels composed of an 8 $ \times $ 8 array of individual 1.95 cm $ \times $ 1.95 cm $ \times $ 0.5 cm CZT detector modules each with a 8 $ \times $ 8 pixilated anode configured as a coded aperture telescope with a fully coded $ 10^\circ\times10^\circ $ field of view employing passive side shielding and an active CsI anti-coincidence rear shield , recently completed its maiden flight out of Ft. Sumner , NM on the 9th of October 2009 .	During the duration of its 6 hour flight on-board calibration of the detector plane was carried out utilizing a single tagged 198.8 nCi Am-241 source along with the simultaneous measurement of the background spectrum and an observation of Cygnus X-1 .	Here we recount the events of the flight and report on the detector performance in a near space environment .	We also briefly discuss { \it ProtoEXIST2 } : the next stage of detector development which employs the { \it NuSTAR } ASIC enabling finer ( 32 $ \times $ 32 ) anode pixilation .
+3	Specifically , we explicitly derive the power of the linear-time Maximum Mean Discrepancy statistic using the Gaussian kernel , where the dimension and sample size can both tend to infinity at any rate , and the two distributions differ in their means .	Nonparametric two sample testing deals with the question of consistently deciding if two distributions are different , given samples from both , without making any parametric assumptions about the form of the distributions .	The current literature is split into two kinds of tests - those which are consistent without any assumptions about how the distributions may differ ( \textit { general } alternatives ) , and those which are designed to specifically test easier alternatives , like a difference in means ( \textit { mean-shift } alternatives ) .	The main contribution of this paper is to explicitly characterize the power of a popular nonparametric two sample test , designed for general alternatives , under a mean-shift alternative in the high-dimensional setting .	As a corollary , we find that if the signal-to-noise ratio is held constant , then the test 's power goes to one if the number of samples increases faster than the dimension increases .
+0	Commercially available business process management systems ( BPMS ) still suffer to support organizations to enact their business processes in an effective and efficient way .	Current BPMS , in general , are based on BPMN 2.0 and/or BPEL .	It is well known , that these approaches have some restrictions according modeling and immediate transfer of the model into executable code .	Recently , a method for modeling and execution of business processes , named subject-oriented business process management ( S-BPM ) , gained attention .	This methodology facilitates modeling of any business process using only five symbols and allows direct execution based on such models .
+0	We investigate the nonlinear rheological behavior of colloidal suspensions of Laponite , a synthetic clay , driven by a steady and homogeneous shear strain .	We show that the external drive leads to a drastic slowing down of the aging dynamics or even , in some cases , in the rejuvenation of the system .	Under shear , after a surprisingly long time , the spontaneous aging process observed at rest is suppressed .	The system then reaches a non-equilibrium stationary state , characterised by a complex viscosity depending on the applied shear rate .	In addition , the glass exhibits a non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior .
+1	As an application , we give a classification of $ \mathbb { A } ^1 $ -curves on wonderful compactifications with appropriate assumptions that fits in our framework .	In this paper , we study $ \mathbb { A } ^1 $ -connected varieties from logarithmic geometry point of view , and develop a technique for producing very free $ \mathbb { A } ^1 $ -curves on quasi-projective varieties .	These include many interesting cases such as wonderful compactifications of semisimple groups .	Such classification naturally implies their $ \mathbb { A } ^1 $ -connectedness .	Finally , a logarithmic version of Hartshorne 's conjecture characterizing projective spaces and affine spaces is proved using deformation of $ \mathbb { A } ^1 $ -curves .
+2	Our algorithm is a simple branch-and-search algorithm .	The paper presents an O^* ( 1.2312^n ) -time and polynomial-space algorithm for the traveling salesman problem in an n-vertex graph with maximum degree 3 .	This improves the previous time bounds of O^* ( 1.251^n ) by Iwama and Nakashima and O^* ( 1.260^n ) by Eppstein .	The only branch rule is designed on a cut-circuit structure of a graph induced by unprocessed edges .	To improve a time bound by a simple analysis on measure and conquer , we introduce an amortization scheme over the cut-circuit structure by defining the measure of an instance to be the sum of not only weights of vertices but also weights of connected components of the induced graph .
+2	For the Drell-Yan process , we perform our analysis within both the Feynman and axial-type ( contour ) gauges for gluons .	We discuss the role of gluon poles and the gauge invariance for the hadron tensors of Drell-Yan and direct photon production processes with the transversely polarized hadron .	These hadron tensors are needed to construct the corresponding single spin asymmetries .	In both the Feynman and contour gauges , we demonstrate that the gauge invariance leads to the need of the new ( non-standard ) diagrams .	Moreover , in the Feynman gauge , we argue the absence of gluon poles in the correlators $ \langle\bar\psi\gamma_\perp A^+\psi\rangle $ related traditionally to $ dT ( x , x ) /dx $ .
+4	Such a rate dependence on Galactic position could provide critical supporting evidence for an extragalactic origin for FRBs .	We report the detection of a dispersed Fast Radio Burst ( FRB ) in archival intermediate-latitude Parkes Radio Telescope data .	The burst appears to be of the same physical origin as the four purported extragalactic FRBs reported by Thornton et al . ( 2013 ) .	This burst 's arrival time precedes the Thornton et al.~bursts by ten years .	We consider that this survey , and many other archival low-latitude ( |gb| & lt ; 30deg ) pulsar surveys , have been searched for FRBs but produced fewer detections than the comparatively brief Thornton et al.~search .
+1	The orbital periods range from 2.7 hr to 16 days , and close binaries constitute ~10 % of all central stars .	I list the 16 planetary nebulae ( PNe ) known to contain close-binary nuclei , and show that the nebulae generally have axisymmetric structures , including elliptical , bipolar , or ring morphologies .	Since the known binaries were found mainly from photometric variability , which depends on heating effects at very small stellar separations , radial-velocity surveys will be necessary to find the large predicted population of binary nuclei with periods of about 10-100 days .	Other PN phenomena that may arise from binary-star interactions include jets and point-symmetry , the periodically spaced arcs revealed by HST in the faint halos around several PNe and proto-PNe , and the existence of PNe in globular clusters .	There is thus considerable circumstantial evidence that binary-star processes play a major role in the formation and shaping of many or even most PNe .
+4	In the traditional movement strategy , monad constructs are not used but we still need them to explain how the three strategies are related and what can be expected of them wrt handling scopal ambiguities in simple sentences .	In this paper , we will discuss three semantically distinct scope assignment strategies : traditional movement strategy , polyadic approach , and continuation-based approach .	As a generalized quantifier on a set X is an element of C ( X ) , the value of continuation monad C on X , in all three approaches QPs are interpreted as C-computations .	The main goal of this paper is to relate the three strategies to the computational machinery connected to the monad C ( strength and derived operations ) .	As will be shown , both the polyadic approach and the continuation-based approach make heavy use of monad constructs .
+3	The equality cases are also studied and completely characterized ; in particular , the latter gives a new link with free boundary minimal submanifolds in a Euclidean ball .	The Euclidean mixed isoperimetric-isodiametric inequality states that the round ball maximizes the volume under constraint on the product between boundary area and radius .	The goal of the paper is to investigate such mixed isoperimetric-isodiametric inequalities in Riemannian manifolds .	We first prove that the same inequality , with the sharp Euclidean constants , holds on Cartan-Hadamard spaces as well as on minimal submanifolds of $ \mathbb { R } ^n $ .	We also consider the case of manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature and prove a new comparison result stating that metric balls in the manifold have product of boundary area and radius bounded by the Euclidean counterpart and equality holds if and only if the ball is actually Euclidean .
+4	The approach allows to determine the resonance structure , energy , width , channel mixing and hybridization even for narrow resonances .	We derive a universal model for atom pairs interacting with non-resonant light via the polarizability anisotropy , based on the long range properties of the scattering .	The corresponding dynamics can be obtained using a nodal line technique to solve the asymptotic Schr\ '' odinger equation .	It consists in imposing physical boundary conditions at long range and vanishing of the wavefunction at a position separating inner zone and asymptotic region .	We show that nodal lines which depend on the intensity of the non-resonant light can satisfactorily account for the effect of the polarizability at short range .
+4	Experiments with synthetic and real-life sequences have shown that the enhanced videos , generated in real time , exhibit substantially better resolution and complete stabilization for stationary objects while retaining real motion .	Image and video quality in Long Range Observation Systems ( LOROS ) suffer from atmospheric turbulence that causes small neighbourhoods in image frames to chaotically move in different directions and substantially hampers visual analysis of such image and video sequences .	The paper presents a real-time algorithm for perfecting turbulence degraded videos by means of stabilization and resolution enhancement .	The latter is achieved by exploiting the turbulent motion .	The algorithm involves generation of a reference frame and estimation , for each incoming video frame , of a local image displacement map with respect to the reference frame ; segmentation of the displacement map into two classes : stationary and moving objects and resolution enhancement of stationary objects , while preserving real motion .
+4	Especially , for $ r=0 , $ the following identity is valid : $ $ \E { |X_k-Y_k|^a } =\frac { a !	Consider the event distance between two i.i.d .	Poisson processes with arrival rate $ \lambda $ and respective arrival times $ X_1 , X_2 , \dots $ and $ Y_1 , Y_2 , \dots $ on a line .	We give a closed analytical formula for the moment distance $ \E { |X_ { k+r } -Y_k|^a } , $ for any integer $ k\ge 1 , r\ge 0 , $ when $ a $ is natural number .	The moment distance we represent as the combination of the Pochhammer polynomials .
+1	This new tool is aimed to prepare WSO-UV/ISSIS proposals to observe multicomponent targets and dense fields .	We are developing a web-based interactive software to simulate crowded-field imaging with the Imaging and Slitless Spectrograph Instrument for Surveys ( ISSIS ) on board the future World Space Observatory - Ultraviolet ( WSO-UV ) .	For a given combination of UV channel , filters and exposure time , the user creates a set of point-like and extended sources ( source model ) .	This source model produces a final image , which takes into account a pixelated field of view , a realistic conversion between physical flux and counts per second , the convolution with the expected point spread function , a sky background and noise fluctuations .	The current version of the simulator is available at the Gravitational LENses and DArk MAtter ( Glendama ) website , and it allows users to specify all relevant parameters of each point-like or extended source , drag-and-drop sources by using a mouse or a fingertip/stylus on a touchscreen , change the frame size or the brightness scale , etc .
+2	We test several possibilities for the AGN population , considering obscuration and dependence with luminosity , and investigate the role of the Eddington ratio and radiative accretion efficiency on the shape of the evolved mass function .	The cosmological evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) is important for understanding the mechanism of accretion onto supermassive black holes , and the related evolution of the host galaxy .	In this work , we include objects with very low Eddington ratio ( 10^ { -3 } - 10^ { -2 } ) in an evolution scenario , and compare the results with the observed local distribution of black holes .	We find that three distinct populations of AGN can evolve with a wider parameter range than is usually considered , and still be consistent with the local mass function .	In general , the black holes in our solutions are spinning rapidly .
+1	The successive `pulses ' of these GRBs end with a fast decline and a fast spectral softening , until they are overtaken by another pulse , or the last pulse 's decline is overtaken by a less rapidly-varying `afterglow ' .	Many gamma ray bursts ( GRBs ) have been observed with the Burst-Alert and X-Ray telescopes of the Swift satellite .	The fast decline-phase has been attributed , in the currently-explored standard fireball model of GRBs , to `high-latitude ' synchrotron emission from a collision of two conical shells .	This high latitude emission does not explain the observed spectral softening .	In contrast , the temporal behaviour and the spectral evolution during the fast-decline phase agree with the predictions of the cannonball model of GRBs .
+1	In particular , we find analytically { \it all } spherically symmetric distribution functions where the mass density and gravitational potential are strict power laws in $ r $ , the distance from the symmetry point .	We study systematically stationary solutions to the coupled Vlasov and Poisson equations which have `self-similar ' or scaling symmetry in phase space .	We treat as special cases , systems built from purely radial orbits and systems that are isotropic in velocity space .	We then discuss systems with arbitrary velocity space anisotropy finding a new and very general class of distribution functions .	These distributions may prove useful in modelling galaxies .
+3	In particular , we find this system to be capable of robust and high-fidelity generation of indistinguishable photons with unprecedented rates .	The rapid generation of indistinguishable photons is of paramount importance for exploring the peculiar properties of quantum optics and utilising them in applications such as secure communication or generation of NOON-states for quantum lithography and metrology .	While strongly coupled quantum dot-photonic crystal resonator systems have great potential as non-classical light sources , the generation of indistinguishable photons has been obscured due to the strongly dissipative nature of such systems .	Here , we circumvent this quandary through a recently discovered self-homodyne suppression technique in solid-state strongly coupled systems .	Surprisingly , we show that our approach can overcome the intrinsic thermal limitations of bulk quantum dots , while benefiting from all advantages of resonant excitation .
+0	Inhomogeneous temporal processes , like those appearing in human communications , neuron spike trains , and seismic signals , consist of high-activity bursty intervals alternating with long low-activity periods .	In recent studies such bursty behavior has been characterized by a fat-tailed inter-event time distribution , while temporal correlations were measured by the autocorrelation function .	However , these characteristic functions are not capable to fully characterize temporally correlated heterogenous behavior .	Here we show that the distribution of the number of events in a bursty period serves as a good indicator of the dependencies , leading to the universal observation of power-law distribution in a broad class of phenomena .	We find that the correlations in these quite different systems can be commonly interpreted by memory effects and described by a simple phenomenological model , which displays temporal behavior qualitatively similar to that in real systems .
+2	In particular , the multiple access channel , the compound multiple access channel , the interference channel and the two-way channel with correlated sources and correlated receiver side information are considered , and the optimality of separation is shown to hold for certain source and side information structures .	Source and channel coding over multiuser channels in which receivers have access to correlated source side information is considered .	For several multiuser channel models necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal separation of the source and channel codes are obtained .	Interestingly , the optimal separate source and channel codes identified for these models are not necessarily the optimal codes for the underlying source coding or the channel coding problems .	In other words , while separation of the source and channel codes is optimal , the nature of these optimal codes is impacted by the joint design criterion .
+2	Eight disc-candidates were detected ; one is estimated to have mass of about 9 Jupiter masses in dust plus gas , while the others host only 2-4 Jupiter masses of circumstellar material .	NGC1333 is a 1-2 Myr old cluster of stars in the Perseus molecular cloud .	We used 850mu data from the Gould Belt Survey with SCUBA-2 on the JCMT to measure or place limits on disc masses for 82 Class II sources in this cluster .	None of these discs exceeds the threshold for the 'Minimum Mass Solar Nebula ' ( MMSN ) .	This reinforces previous claims that only a small fraction of Class II sources at an age of 1-2 Myr has discs exceeding the MMSN threshold and thus can form a planetary system like our own .
+3	We find phase lags of between 0.03 and 0.2 radians in all these sources , with a variation in frequency much less than expected for a lag constant in time .	Using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer we have measured lags of the 9 to 33 keV photons relative to the 2 to 9 keV photons in the timing noise between 0.01 and 100 Hz in the accreting neutron stars 4U 0614+091 and 4U 1705-44 .	We performed similar measurements on the accreting black hole candidates Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4 as a comparison .	During the observations these sources were all in low ( hard ) states .	We also measure a coherence consistent with unity in all sources .
+1	We formulate the underlying problem as the conditional random field that embeds local feature extraction , clique potential construction , and guided filtering within the same framework , and provide an efficient coarse-to-fine solver .	This paper describes a fast and accurate semantic image segmentation approach that encodes not only the discriminative features from deep neural networks , but also the high-order context compatibility among adjacent objects as well as low level image features .	At the coarse level , we combine local feature representation and context interaction using a deep convolutional network , and directly learn the interaction from high order cliques with a message passing routine , avoiding time-consuming explicit graph inference for joint probability distribution .	At the fine level , we introduce a guided filtering interpretation for the mean field algorithm , and achieve accurate object boundaries with 100+ faster than classic learning methods .	The two parts are connected and jointly trained in an end-to-end fashion .
+3	The energy gain of the most energetic ions results from their reflection from the ends of contracting magnetic islands , a first order Fermi process .	The recent observations of the anomalous cosmic ray ( ACR ) energy spectrum as Voyagers 1 and 2 crossed the heliospheric termination shock have called into question the conventional shock source of these energetic particles .	We suggest that the sectored heliospheric magnetic field , which results from the flapping of the heliospheric current sheet , piles up as it approaches the heliopause , narrowing the current sheets that separate the sectors and triggering the onset of collisionless magnetic reconnection .	Particle-in-cell simulations reveal that most of the magnetic energy is released and most of this energy goes into energetic ions with significant but smaller amounts of energy going into electrons .	The energy gain of the ions in contracting islands increases their parallel ( to the magnetic field $ { \bf B } $ ) pressure $ p_\parallel $ until the marginal firehose condition is reached , causing magnetic reconnection and associated particle acceleration to shut down .
+3	We use a virtual machine to represent and eventually to render any data whatsoever .	How can an author store digital information so that it will be reliably useful , even years later when he is no longer available to answer questions ?	Methods that might work are not good enough ; what is preserved today should be reliably useful whenever someone wants it .	Prior proposals fail because they confound saved data with irrelevant details of today 's information technology -- details that are difficult to define , extract , and save completely and accurately .	We focus on a case of intermediate difficulty -- an executable procedure -- and identify a variant for every other data type .
+4	The two most abundant orbit classes are the minor axis tubes and the box orbits .	We present a detailed investigation of the relation between the orbital content of merger remnants and observable properties of elliptical and S0 galaxies .	Our analysis is based on the statistical sample of collisionless mergers of disk galaxies with different mass ratios and orbital parameters , published by Naab & amp ; Burkert .	We use the spectral method by Carpintero & amp ; Aguilar to determine the orbital content of every remnant and correlate it with its intrinsic shape , and its projected kinematic and photometric properties .	We discuss the influence of the bulge component and varying pericenter distances .
+1	Quantifying the amount of irreversible entropy produced is a goal of paramount importance : it is a key quantity for the characterisation of non-equilibrium processes , and its minimisation improves the efficiency of thermal machines .	Every finite-time transformation results in some production of entropy , which signals the occurrence of irreversibility .	So far , nanoscale systems have been used for the experimental study of classical out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics .	However , irreversible entropy production arising from quantum dynamics in mesoscopic quantum systems has not been experimentally investigated yet .	In this work we measure the rate of entropy produced by an open quantum system in a non-equilibrium steady state for two different experimental setups : a micro-mechanical resonator and a Bose-Einstein condensate .
+0	The Hubbard model on a two-leg ladder structure has been studied by a combination of series expansions at T=0 and the density-matrix renormalization group .	We report results for the ground state energy $ E_0 $ and spin-gap $ \Delta_s $ at half-filling , as well as dispersion curves for one and two-hole excitations .	For small $ U $ both $ E_0 $ and $ \Delta_s $ show a dramatic drop near $ t/t_ { \perp } \sim 0.5 $ , which becomes more gradual for larger $ U $ .	This represents a crossover from a `` band insulator '' phase to a strongly correlated spin liquid .	The lowest-lying two-hole state rapidly becomes strongly bound as $ t/t_ { \perp } $ increases , indicating the possibility that phase separation may occur .
+3	In all cases the study of the models with different equations of state can be reduced to the integration of a highly nonlinear second order ordinary differential equation for the energy density .	We consider the dynamics of a barotropic cosmological fluid in an anisotropic , Bianchi type I space-time in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld ( EiBI ) gravity .	By assuming an isotropic pressure distribution , we obtain the general solution of the field equations in an exact parametric form .	The behavior of the geometric and thermodynamic parameters of the Bianchi type I Universe is studied , by using both analytical and numerical methods , for some classes of high density matter , described by the stiff causal , radiation , and pressureless fluid equations of state .	The time evolution of the anisotropic Bianchi type I Universe strongly depends on the initial values of the energy density and of the Hubble function .
+0	We present results for the renormalization constants of bilinear quark operators obtained by using the tree-level Symanzik improved gauge action and the Nf=2 twisted mass fermion action at maximal twist , which guarantees automatic O ( a ) -improvement .	Our results are also relevant for the corresponding standard ( un-twisted ) Wilson fermionic action since the two actions only differ , in the massless limit , by a chiral rotation of the quark fields .	The scale-independent renormalization constants ZV , ZA and the ratio ZP/ZS have been computed using the RI-MOM approach , as well as other alternative methods .	For ZA and ZP/ZS , the latter are based on both standard twisted mass and Osterwalder-Seiler fermions , while for ZV a Ward Identity has been used .	The quark field renormalization constant Zq and the scale dependent renormalization constants ZS , ZP and ZT are determined in the RI-MOM scheme .
+2	We provide time optimal pulse sequences for producing an important class of effective Hamiltonians in three spin networks .	Many coherence transfer experiments in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , involving network of coupled spins , use temporary spin-decoupling to produce desired effective Hamiltonians .	In this paper , we show that significant time can be saved in producing an effective Hamiltonian , if spin-decoupling is avoided .	These effective Hamiltonians are useful for coherence transfer experiments and implementation of quantum logic gates in NMR quantum computing .	It is demonstrated that computing these time optimal pulse sequences can be reduced to geometric problems that involve computing sub-Riemannian geodesics on Homogeneous spaces .
+4	Magnus force makes the vortex line parabolic on global scale .	The rotating neutron superfluid in the inner crust of a neutron star is threaded by quantized vortex lines .	The pinning force from lattice nuclei and the Magnus force from neutron superfluid act onto a vortex line that has a finite tension .	The configuration of a vortex line in equilibrium comprises a number of pinned straight lengths separated by unpinned kinks when the rotation axis is slightly inclined to the major axis of a crystal lattice and the Magnus force is not so strong .	Energy of $ \sim 4 { MeV } $ is required to form a kink at densities of $ \sim 3.4 \times 10^ { 13 } { g cm } ^ { -3 } $ .
+0	We prove that a Hopf algebra with a finite coradical filtration is co-Frobenius , i. e. there is a non-zero integral on it .	As a consequence , we show that algebras of functions on quantum groups at roots of one are co-Frobenius .	We also characterize co-Frobenius Hopf algebras with coradical a Hopf subalgebra .	This characterization is in the framework of the lifting method due to H.-J .	Schneider and the first-named author .
+4	We also discuss observational complications , in particular the contribution from Hubble flow , and show how our model can incorporate these complications .	The comparison between dynamical mass and lensing mass provides a targeted test for a wide range of modified gravity models .	In our previous paper we showed , through numerical simulations , that the measurement of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion around stacked massive clusters whose lensing masses are known allows for stringent constraints on modified gravity on scales of 2 - 15 Mpc/h .	In this work we develop a semi-analytical approach based on the halo model to describe the phase-space distribution and the line-of-sight velocity dispersion for different tracers .	The model distinguishes contributions from the halo pairwise velocity and the virial velocity within halos .
+2	This quantum refrigerator provides significant cooling power ( ~1 nW at a few K for realistic parameters ) and offers a unique flexibility thanks to its tunability via the magnetic-field intensity .	An electron-cooling principle based on Landau quantization is proposed for nanoscale conductor systems .	Operation relies on energy-selective electron tunneling into a two-dimensional electron gas in quantizing magnetic fields .	The available performance is only marginally affected by nonidealities such as disorder or imperfections in the semiconductor .	Methods for the implementation of this system and its characterization are discussed .
+0	On the basis of the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey ( GOSSS ) , a detailed systematic investigation of the O Vz stars is presented .	The currently used spectral classification criteria are rediscussed , and the Vz phenomenon is recalibrated through the addition of a quantitative criterion based on the equivalent widths of the He I 4471 , He II 4542 , and He II 4686 spectral lines .	The GOSSS O Vz and O V populations resulting from the newly adopted spectral classification criteria are comparatively analyzed .	The locations of the O Vz stars are probed , showing a concentration of the most extreme cases toward the youngest star forming regions .	The occurrence of the Vz spectral peculiarity in a solar-metallicity environment , as predicted by the fastwind code , is also investigated , confirming the importance of taking into account several processes for the correct interpretation of the phenomenon .
+0	The object of this study is an integral operator $ \mathcal { S } $ which averages functions in the Euclidean upper half-space $ \mathbb { R } _ { + } ^ { n } $ over the half-spheres centered on the topological boundary $ \partial \mathbb { R } _ { + } ^ { n } $ .	By generalizing Norton 's approach to the inversion of arc means in the upper half-plane , we intertwine $ \mathcal { S } $ with a convolution operator $ \mathcal { P } $ .	The latter integrates functions in $ \mathbb { R } ^ { n } $ over the translates of a paraboloid of revolution .	Our main result is a set of inversion formulas for $ \mathcal { P } $ and $ \mathcal { S } $ derived using a combination of Fourier analysis and classical Radon theory .	These formulas appear to be new and are suitable for practical reconstructions .
+2	We use these topological computations to prove algebraic results like computing the number of conjugacy classes of G which split in a central extension .	Let G be a finite group acting on a finite dimensional real vector space V. We denote by P ( V ) the projective space associated to V. In this paper we compute in a very explicit way the rank of the equivariant complex K-theory of V and P ( V ) , using previous results by Atiyah and the author .	The interest of this computation comes from explicit formulas given by the Baum-Connes-Slominska Chern character and the basic fact that the equivariant K-theory of V is free .	Our main example is the case where V = R^n and G = the symmetric group of n letters acting on V by permutation of the coordinates .	This example is related to the famous pentagonal identity of Euler and ( ironically ) the Euler-Poincare characteristic of the equivariant K-theory of V .
+0	Theoretical results for the extension of a polymer confined to a channel are usually derived in the limit of infinite contour length .	But experimental studies and simulations of DNA molecules confined to nanochannels are not necessarily in this asymptotic limit .	We calculate the statistics of the span and the end-to-end distance of a semiflexible polymer of finite length in the extended de Gennes regime , exploiting the fact that the problem can be mapped to a one-dimensional weakly self-avoiding random walk .	The results thus obtained compare favourably with pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method ( PERM ) simulations of a three-dimensional discrete wormlike chain model of DNA confined in a nanochannel .	We discuss the implications for experimental studies of linear $ \lambda $ -DNA confined to nanochannels at the high ionic strengths used in many experiments .
+3	The recent observation of narrow , prominent exotic baryons has stirred up new interest in hadron spectroscopy .	The first evidence for Quantum Chromodynamics ( QCD ) , the theory of the strong interactions , came from the systematics of baryon and meson spectroscopy .	An important early observation was the apparent absence of exotics , baryons requiring more than three quarks or mesons requiring more than quark-antiquark .	Years later , QCD is well established , hadron spectroscopy has been relatively inactive , but the absence of exotics remains poorly understood .	At present the experimental situation is confused ; so is theory .
+4	We try to obtain an equilibrium point at where both the profits of members and the level of CSR taken by supply chains are maximized .	In this paper , we establish a dynamic game to allocate CSR ( Corporate Social Responsibility ) to the members of a supply chain .	We propose a model of three-tier supply chain in decentralized state that is including supplier , manufacturer and retailer .	For analyzing supply chain performance in decentralized state and the relationships between the members of supply chain , we use Stackelberg game and we consider in this paper a hierarchical equilibrium solution for a two-level game .	Specially , we formulate a model that crosses through multi-periods by a dynamic discreet Stackelberg game .
+3	The accuracy of our description of the nucleon-nucleon ( NN ) data is good , and similar to that of other relativistic OBEP models .	A relativistic light front formulation of nuclear dynamics is developed and applied to treating infinite nuclear matter in a method which includes the correlations of pairs of nucleons : this is light front Brueckner theory .	We start with a hadronic meson-baryon Lagrangian that is consistent with chiral symmetry .	This is used to obtain a light front version of a one-boson-exchange nucleon-nucleon potential ( OBEP ) .	We derive , within the light front formalism , the Hartree-Fock and Brueckner Hartree-Fock equations .
+0	Skew Hadamard difference sets are an interesting topic of study for over seventy years .	For a long time , it had been conjectured the classical Paley difference sets ( the set of nonzero quadratic residues in $ \mathbb { F } _q $ where $ q \equiv 3 \bmod { 4 } $ ) were the only example in abelian groups .	In 2006 , the first author and Yuan disproved this conjecture by showing that the image set of $ \mathcal { D } _5 ( x^2 , u ) $ is a new skew Hadamard difference set in $ ( \mathbb { F } _ { 3^m } , + ) $ with $ m $ odd , where $ \mathcal { D } _n ( x , u ) $ denotes the first kind of Dickson polynomials of order $ n $ and $ u \in \mathbb { F } _q^* $ .	The key observation in the proof is that $ \mathcal { D } _5 ( x^2 , u ) $ is a planar function from $ \mathbb { F } _ { 3^m } $ to $ \mathbb { F } _ { 3^m } $ for $ m $ odd .	Since then a few families of new skew Hadamard difference sets have been discovered .
+2	On the other hand , the leads have a strong effect on the anisotropy of the charged states of the molecule , which are probed in Coulomb blockade transport .	Using first-principles methods we study theoretically the properties of an individual $ \ { Fe_4\ } $ single-molecule magnet ( SMM ) attached to metallic leads in a single-electron transistor geometry .	We show that the conductive leads do not affect the spin ordering and magnetic anisotropy of the neutral SMM .	Furthermore , we demonstrate that an external electric potential , modeling a gate electrode , can be used to manipulate the magnetic properties of the system .	For a charged molecule , by localizing the extra charge with the gate voltage closer to the magnetic core , the anisotropy magnitude and spin ordering converges to the values found for the isolated $ \ { Fe_4\ } $ SMM .
+1	In these systems , each gateway serves a set of beams ( cluster ) so that the overall data traffic is generated at different geographical areas .	This paper considers a multigateway multibeam satellite system with multiple feeds per beam .	Full frequency reuse among beams is considered so that interference mitigation techniques are mandatory .	Precisely , this paper aims at designing the precoding scheme which , in contrast to single gateway schemes , entails two main challenges .	First , the precoding matrix shall be separated into feed groups assigned to each gateway .
+2	The distribution of the lower energy transition 6 $ _ { 1,5 } - 6_ { 0,6 } $ , EE ( E $ \rm_ { u } $ = 21 K ) mapped in this study is in excellent agreement with the published dimethyl ether emission maps imaged with a lower resolution .	We report the first sub-arc second ( 0.65 $ \arcsec $ $ \times $ 0.51 $ \arcsec $ ) image of the dimethyl ether molecule , ( CH $ _ { 3 } $ ) $ _ { 2 } $ O , toward the Orion Kleinmann-Low nebula ( Orion -- KL ) .	The observations were carried at 43.4 GHz with the Expanded Very Large Array ( EVLA ) .	The main emission peaks are observed toward the Compact Ridge and Hot Core southwest components , at the northern parts of the Compact Ridge and in an intermediate position between the Compact Ridge and the Hot Core .	A notable result is that the distribution of dimethyl ether is very similar to that of another important larger O-bearing species , the methyl formate ( HCOOCH $ _ { 3 } $ ) , imaged at lower resolution .
+4	The spacetime in all the cases is found to be reflection symmetric with respect to the wall .	Three families of exact solutions of Einstein field equations are found .	Each family contains three parameters .	Two of these families represent thick domain walls in a five dimensional Kaluza-Klein spacetime .	The dynamical behaviour of our models is briefly discussed .
+1	The scientific goal of the project is to study the variability of active galatic nuclei ( AGN ) at TeV energies .	The First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope ( FACT ) was built on the Canary Island of La Palma in October 2011 as a proof of principle for silicon based photosensors in Cherenkov Astronomy .	Observing a small sample of TeV blazars whenever possible , an unbiased data sample is collected .	This allows to study the variability of the selected objects on timescales from hours to years .	Results from the first three years of monitoring will be presented .
+4	Finally , numerical experiments illustrate the convergence of the method and show its effectiveness to avoid spurious pressure oscillations when mass lumping for the Raviart-Thomas-Nedelec elements is used .	A stable finite element scheme that avoids pressure oscillations for a three-field Biot 's model in poroelasticity is considered .	The involved variables are the displacements , fluid flux ( Darcy velocity ) , and the pore pressure , and they are discretized by using the lowest possible approximation order : Crouzeix-Raviart finite elements for the displacements , lowest order Raviart-Thomas-Nedelec elements for the Darcy velocity , and piecewise constant approximation for the pressure .	Mass lumping technique is introduced for the Raviart-Thomas-Nedelec elements in order to eliminate the Darcy velocity and , therefore , reduce the computational cost .	We show convergence of the discrete scheme which is implicit in time and use these types of elements in space with and without mass lumping .
+0	We present the radial velocity curve of a single-lined spectroscopic binary in the faint Hercules dwarf spheroidal ( dSph ) galaxy , based on 34 individual spectra covering more than two years of observations .	This is the first time that orbital elements could be derived for a binary in a dSph .	The system consists of a metal-poor red giant and a low-mass companion , possibly a white dwarf , with a 135-days period in a moderately eccentric ( $ e=0.18 $ ) orbit .	Its period and eccentricity are fully consistent with metal-poor binaries in the Galactic halo , while the projected semimajor axis is small , at $ a_p $ sin $ i $ = 38 R $ _ { sun } $ .	In fact , a very close orbit could inhibit the production of heavier elements through $ s $ -process nucleosynthesis , leading to the very low abundances of neutron-capture elements that are found in this star .
+1	According to this principle all systems are characterized by a magnitude called action which variation is equal to zero for the real evolution of the systems .	The analytic physics , when it is development from aprioristic form , constructs all the laws from the Hamilton principle , also called action principle .	At first , do not exist restrictions for the mathematical form of the action function , nonetheless , as in the a posteriori developer of the analytic physics , the traditional equations of the physics lead up to a scalar action , it is always sure that the action may be a scalar function .	In this article we propose the existence of a tensorial function like origin of the traditional scalar action .	First because it permits , without other argumens , to justify the own action principle and second because it permits connect the complementary principle of the Quantum physics with the analytic expressions of the nonquantum physics , including the General Relativity .
+2	In this paper , we study the extremal point process of critical points - that is , the point process associated to all critical values in the vicinity of the ground-state .	Recently , sharp results concerning the critical points of the Hamiltonian of the $ p $ -spin spherical spin glass model have been obtained by means of moments computations .	In particular , these moments computations allow for the evaluation of the leading term of the ground-state , i.e. , of the global minimum .	We show that the latter converges in distribution to a Poisson point process of exponential intensity .	In particular , we identify the correct centering of the ground-state and prove the convergence in distribution of the centered minimum to a ( minus ) Gumbel variable .
+1	We examine separately the influence of hydrogen partial pressure during film deposition , and the effect of post-deposition thermal annealings on the main optical characteristics of the layers such as refraction index , optical gap and Urbach energy .	The present work is essentially focused on the study of optical and structural properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films ( a-Si : H ) prepared by radio-frequency cathodic sputtering .	Using the grazing X-rays reflectometry technique , thin film structural properties are examined immediately after films deposition as well as after surface oxidation or annealing .	We show that low hydrogen pressures allow a saturation of dangling bonds in the layers , while high doses lead to the creation of new defects .	We show also that thermal annealing under moderate temperatures improves the structural quality of the deposited layers .
+2	The luminosity functions are fitted by a single Schechter function with M^*=-19.8 , -20.9 , -21.9 , -22.0 , -21.7 and -22.3 i B , g , V.r , i , z respectively and alpha=-1.3 for all bands .	We summarize the results from analyzing six clusters of galaxies at 0.14 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.40 observed with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys .	We derive deep composite luminosity functions in B , g , V , r , i and z down to an absolute magnitude of -14 +5 log h mag .	The data suggest that the red sequence dominates the luminosity function down to more than 6 mag .	below L* , the dwarf spheroidal regime .
+2	Although , in two dimensions , this system does not show an ordering transition to a ferromagnetic state , in the presence of a uniform external field spin domains percolate beyond a critical field strength .	The concept of Schramm-Loewner evolution provides a unified description of domain boundaries of many lattice spin systems in two dimensions , possibly even including systems with quenched disorder .	Here , we study domain walls in the random-field Ising model .	Using exact ground state calculations for very large systems , we examine ground state domain walls near this percolation transition finding strong evidence that they are conformally invariant and satisfy the domain Markov property , implying compatibility with Schramm-Loewner evolution ( SLE $ _ { \kappa } $ ) with parameter $ \kappa = 6 $ .	These results might pave the way for new field-theoretic treatments of systems with quenched disorder .
+0	The relation between Einstein equivalence principle and a continuous quantum measurement is analyzed in the context of the recently proposed flavor-oscillation clocks , an idea pioneered by Ahluwalia and Burgard ( Gen. Rel Grav .	Errata 29 , 681 ( 1997 ) ) .	We will calculate the measurement outputs if a flavor-oscillation clock , which is immersed in a gravitational field , is subject to a continuous quantum measurement .	Afterwards , resorting to the weak equivalence principle , we obtain the corresponding quantities in a freely falling reference frame .	Finally , comparing this last result with the measurement outputs that would appear in a Minkowskian spacetime it will be found that they do not coincide , in other words , we have a violation of Einstein equivalence principle .
+4	Our model reproduces very well the recurrence time and the characteristics of the light curve in outburst .	We present a model for the dwarf nova WZ Sge which does not require assuming unusually and unexplained low values of the viscosity alpha-parameter during exceptionally long quiescent states of this system .	We propose that the inner parts of the accretion disc are disrupted by either a magnetic field or evaporation , so that the disc is stable ( or very close to being stable ) in quiescence , as the mass transfer rate is very low and the disc can sit on the cool , lower branch of the thermal equilibrium curve .	Outbursts are triggered by an enhanced mass transfer , which brings the disc into the unstable regime of the standard dwarf nova disc instability model .	The resulting eruptions are strongly affected by the irradiation of the secondary star .
+2	For each prime number p , we now show how the value Phi_ { K/k } ( 0 ) combines with a p-adic regulator of semilocal units to define a natural Z_pG-submodule of Q_pG which we denote { frak S } _ { K/k } .	Let K be an abelian extension of a totally real number field k , K^+ its maximal real subfield and G=Gal ( K/k ) .	We have previously used twisted zeta-functions to define a meromorphic CG-valued function Phi_ { K/k } ( s ) in a way similar to the use of partial zeta-functions to define the better-known function Theta_ { K/k } ( s ) .	If p is odd and splits in k , our main theorem states that { frak S } _ { K/k } is ( at least ) contained in Z_pG .	Thanks to a precise relation between Phi_ { K/k } ( 1-s ) and Theta_ { K/k } ( s ) , this theorem can be reformulated in terms of ( the minus part of ) Theta_ { K/k } ( s ) at s=1 , making it an analogue of Deligne-Ribet and Cassou-Nogues ' well-known integrality result concerning Theta_ { K/k } ( 0 ) .
+0	We determine the onset point of secular instability for the nonaxisymmetric bar mode in rigidly rotating equilibrium configurations in the Post-Newtonian approximation , in order to apply it to neutron stars .	The treatment is based on a precedent Newtonian analytic energy variational method which we have extended to the Post-Newtonian case .	This method , based upon Landau 's theory of second-order phase transitions , provides the critical value of the ellipsoid polar eccentricity e at the onset of viscosity-driven instability and it is valid for any equation of state .	The extension of this method to Post-Newtonian fluid configurations has been accomplished by combining two earlier orthogonal works , specialized respectively to slow rotating configurations but with arbitrary density profile and to constant mass density but arbitrarily fast rotating ellipsoids .	We also determine the explicit expressions for the density functionals which allow the generalization of the physical quantities involved in our treatment from the constant mass density to an arbitrary density profile form .
+3	We follow our earlier models of extended rigid and affinely-rigid bodies moving in a flat space .	Presented is description of kinematics and dynamics of material points with internal degrees of freedom moving in a Riemannian manifold .	The models of internal degrees of freedom we concentrate on are based on the orthogonal and affine groups .	Roughly speaking , we consider infinitesimal gyroscopes and homogeneously deformable gyroscopes ( affienly-rigid bodies ) in curved manifolds .	It is well known that in curved spaces in general there is no well-defined concept of extended rigid or affinely-rigid body .
+2	Designing high-rate maximum-distance separable ( MDS ) codes that achieve the optimum repair communication has been a well-known open problem .	In distributed storage systems that employ erasure coding , the issue of minimizing the total { \it communication } required to exactly rebuild a storage node after a failure arises .	This repair bandwidth depends on the structure of the storage code and the repair strategies used to restore the lost data .	In this work , we use Hadamard matrices to construct the first explicit 2-parity MDS storage code with optimal repair properties for all single node failures , including the parities .	Our construction relies on a novel method of achieving perfect interference alignment over finite fields with a finite file size , or number of extensions .
+4	A phenomenological consequence of this scenario results in a specific mass spectrum of scalar bosons , which can be tested at the LHC , the International Linear Collider and the Compact Linear Collider .	We investigate a simple model to explain inflation , neutrino masses and dark matter simultaneously .	This is based on the so-called radiative seesaw model proposed by Ma in order to explain neutrino masses and dark matter by introducing a $ Z_2 $ -odd isospin doublet scalar field and $ Z_2 $ -odd right-handed neutrinos .	We study the possibility that the Higgs boson as well as neutral components of the $ Z_2 $ -odd scalar doublet field can satisfy conditions from slow-roll inflation and vacuum stability up to the inflation scale .	We find that a part of parameter regions where these scalar fields can play a role of an inflaton is compatible with the current data from neutrino experiments and those of the dark matter abundance as well as the direct search results .
+0	New types of relationships between Feynman integrals are presented .	It is shown that Feynman integrals satisfy functional equations connecting integrals with different values of scalar invariants and masses .	A method is proposed for obtaining such relations .	The derivation of functional equations for one-loop propagator- and vertex - type integrals is given .	It is shown that a propagator - type integral can be written as a sum of two integrals with modified scalar invariants and one propagator massless .
+2	The field cooled ( FC ) curves show a weak ferromagnetic character with x=0 and a ferromagnetic transition at 30 K and an antiferromagnetic transition at 23 K in the presence of Cu .	X-ray absorption spectroscopy ( XAS ) Ru L-edge and O K-edge measurements on single crystals of Sr2YRu1-xCuxO6 ( x=0.01-0.05 ) solid solutions show that Cu replaces Ru in the lattice which results in a lattice distortion and itinerant holes that increase with increasing x. Powder X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) measurements confirm the lattice distortion through changes in the lattice parameters .	Magnetic measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic transition at 32 K in the crystals with x=0 and a diamagnetic transition at 32 K for x \geq 0.01indicative of superconductivity in the zero field cooled ( ZFC ) curves .	The peak at 30 K in the ac susceptibility measurements indicates a spin-glass behavior .	The low field part of the M-H curve for x=0.05 crystal indicates weak superconductivity .
+1	The evolution of the resulting continuous system is governed by a differential equation , which describes a diffusion process on a circle with a nonzero drifting velocity .	We study the continuous limit of a multibox Erhenfest urn model proposed before by the authors .	The short time behavior of this diffusion process is obtained directly by solving the equation , while the long time behavior is derived using the Poisson summation formula .	They reproduce the previous results in the large $ M $ ( number of boxes ) limit .	We also discuss the connection between this diffusion equation and the Schr $ \ddot { \rm o } $ dinger equation of some quantum mechanical problems .
+4	Elements of a group known as Thompson 's group \ ( F\ ) are equivalence classes of pairs of binary trees with the same number of leaves .	Hassler Whitney 's theorem of 1931 reduces the task of finding proper , vertex 4-colorings of triangulations of the 2-sphere to finding such colorings for the class \ ( \mathfrak H\ ) of triangulations of the 2-sphere that have a Hamiltonian circuit .	This has been used by Whitney and others from 1936 to the present to find equivalent reformulations of the 4 Color Theorem ( 4CT ) .	Recently there has been activity to try to use some of these reformuations to find a shorter proof of the 4CT .	Every triangulation in \ ( \mathfrak H\ ) has a dual graph that is a union of two binary trees with the same number of leaves .
+0	In the paper we investigate the behavior of trajectory of rational $ p $ -adic dynamical system in complex $ p $ -adic filed $ \C_p $ .	It is studied Siegel disks and attractors of such dynamical systems .	We show that Siegel disks may either coincide or disjoin for different fixed points of the dynamical system .	Besides , we find the basin of the attractor of the system .	It is proved that such kind of dynamical system is not ergodic on a unit sphere with respect to the Haar measure .
+4	In this dissertation we will give a general outline of the positive scalar curvature problem , and sketch proofs of some of the known positive and negative results .	The Gromov-Lawson-Rosenberg conjecture for a group G states that a compact spin manifold with fundamental group G admits a metric of positive scalar curvature if and only if a certain topological obstruction vanishes .	It is known to be true for G=1 , if G has periodic cohomology , and if G is a free group , free abelian group , or the fundamental group of an orientable surface .	It is also known to be false for a large class of infinite groups .	However , there are no known counterexamples for finite groups .
+4	We applied our criteria to 4 dIrr galaxies : Pegasus , Phoenix , Sextans A , and WLM , selecting 79 point sources , which we observed with the VLT/FORS2 spectrograph in multi-object spectroscopy mode .	Increasing the statistics of spectroscopically confirmed evolved massive stars in the Local Group enables the investigation of the mass loss phenomena that occur in these stars in the late stages of their evolution .	We aim to complete the census of luminous mid-IR sources in star-forming dwarf irregular ( dIrr ) galaxies of the Local Group .	To achieve this we employed mid-IR photometric selection criteria to identify evolved massive stars , such as red supergiants ( RSGs ) and luminous blue variables ( LBVs ) , by using the fact that these types of stars have infrared excess due to dust .	The method is based on 3.6 $ \mu $ m and 4.5 $ \mu $ m photometry from archival $ { \it Spitzer } $ Space Telescope images of nearby galaxies .
+3	Cell culture studies in conjunction with microscopy and viability assays were employed to examine the influence of arsenic-based superconductor PrOxFeAs ( x=0.75 ) material in vitro .	The recent discovery of arsenic-based high temperature superconductors has reignited interest in the study of superconductor : biological interfaces .	However , the new superconductor materials involve the chemistry of arsenic , their toxicity remain unclear [ Nature , 2008 , 452 ( 24 ) :922 ] .	In this study the possible adverse effects of this new family of superconductors on cells have been examined .	Imaging data revealed that cells were well adhered and spread on the surface of the superconductor .
+2	The aim of the present work is to determine the nature of the observed LPV in the spectrum of the primary component of HD 152219.During a 4-night FEROS monitoring campaign , we collected a new set of 134 high signal-to-noise spectra .	HD 152219 is a massive binary system with O9.5 III + B1-2 V/III components and a short orbital period of 4.2 d. Its primary component further displays clear line profile variability ( LPV ) .	The primary component being located within the pulsational instability domain predicted for high-luminosity stars , we previously suggested that the observed LPV could be associated with non-radial pulsations .	These new observations were then used to re-investigate the variability of different line profiles in the spectrum of HD 152219 .	Based on the present analysis , we discard the non-radial pulsations and point out the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect as the cause of the LPV in HD 152219 .
+0	The Great Nebula in Carina provides an exceptional view into the violent massive star formation and feedback that typifies giant HII regions and starburst galaxies .	We have mapped the Carina star-forming complex in X-rays , using archival Chandra data and a mosaic of 20 new 60ks pointings using the Chandra X-ray Observatory 's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer , as a testbed for understanding recent and ongoing star formation and to probe Carina 's regions of bright diffuse X-ray emission .	This study has yielded a catalog of properties of & gt ; 14,000 X-ray point sources ; & gt ; 9800 of them have multiwavelength counterparts .	Using Chandra 's unsurpassed X-ray spatial resolution , we have separated these point sources from the extensive , spatially-complex diffuse emission that pervades the region ; X-ray properties of this diffuse emission suggest that it traces feedback from Carina 's massive stars .	In this introductory paper , we motivate the survey design , describe the Chandra observations , and present some simple results , providing a foundation for the 15 papers that follow in this Special Issue and that present detailed catalogs , methods , and science results .
+1	Motivated by this result we are interested in constructions of Diophantine equations of Ramanujan-Nagell type $ x^2=Ak^ { n } +B $ with many solutions .	Stiller proved that the Diophantine equation $ x^2+119=15\cdot 2^ { n } $ has exactly six solutions in positive integers .	Here , $ A , B\in\Z $ ( thus $ A , B $ are not necessarily positive ) and $ k\in\Z_ { \geq 2 } $ are given integers .	In particular , we prove that for each $ k $ there exists an infinite set $ \cal { S } $ containing pairs of integers $ ( A , B ) $ such that for each $ ( A , B ) \in \cal { S } $ we have $ \gcd ( A , B ) $ is square-free and the Diophantine equation $ x^2=Ak^n+B $ has at least four solutions in positive integers .	Moreover , we construct several Diophantine equations of the form $ x^2=Ak^n+B $ with $ k & gt ; 2 $ , each containing five solutions in non-negative integers .
+1	Generically , there are global dilaton tadpoles at the disk level when the transverse space is compact .	We analyse some physical consequences when supersymmetry is broken by a set of D-branes and/or orientifold planes in Type II string theories .	By taking the toy model of a set of electric charges in a compact space , we discuss two different effects appearing when global tadpoles are not cancelled .	On the compact directions a constant term appears that allows to solve the equations of motion .	On the non-compact directions Poincar\'e invariance is broken .
+2	For the read-out of the interferometer we utilize state-dependent collisions , which selectively remove atoms of one kind from the detected signal .	Multiple adiabatic/diabatic passages through avoided crossings in the Stark map of cesium Rydberg atoms are employed as beam splitters and recombiners in an atom-interferometric measurement of energy-level splittings .	We subject cold cesium atoms to laser-excitation , electric-field and detection sequences that constitute an ( internal-state ) atom interferometer .	We investigate the dependence of the interferometric signal on timing and field parameters , and find good agreement with time-dependent quantum simulations of the interferometer .	Fourier analysis of the interferometric signals yield coherence frequencies that agree with corresponding energy-level differences in calculated Stark maps .
+1	Given a 2D shape , we extract its contour and which is represented by set of points .	We present a new approach to the matching of 2D shapes using XML language and dynamic programming .	The contour is divided into curves using corner detection .	After , each curve is described by local and global features ; these features are coded in a string of symbols and stored in a XML file .	Finally , using the dynamic programming , we find the optimal alignment between sequences of symbols .
+4	The application of this approach , in combination with the knowledge of fundamental dislocation-obstacle interactions , has successfully been demonstrated for dislocation pinning at nanovoids in neutron irradiated type 316-stainless steel in regard to both conservative and non-conservative motions of dislocations .	Pinning of dislocations at nanosized obstacles like precipitates , voids and bubbles , is a crucial mechanism in the context of phenomena like hardening and creep .	The interaction between such an obstacle and a dislocation is often explored at fundamental level by means of analytical tools , atomistic simulations and finite element methods .	Nevertheless , the information extracted from such studies has not been utilized to its maximum extent on account of insufficient information about the underlying statistics of this process comprising a large number of dislocations and obstacles in a system .	Here we propose a new statistical approach , where the statistics of pinning of dislocations by idealized spherical obstacles is explored by taking into account the generalized size-distribution of the obstacles along with the dislocation density within a three-dimensional framework .
+2	From a Gaussian decomposition of the spectra we show that the CO line ratios , and therefore the underlying physical conditions of the gas , are similar for the blue and the redshifted component .	Using the IRAM 30m telescope , we report the detection of the CO ( 3 -- 2 ) , CO ( 4 -- 3 ) , CO ( 5 -- 4 ) and CO ( 6 -- 5 ) lines in the gravitational lensed submm galaxy SMM J16359+6612 at z=2.5 .	The CO lines have a double peak profile in all transitions .	The CO line Spectral Energy Distribution ( SED ; i.e.flux density vs. rotational quantum number ) turns over already at the CO ( 5 -- 4 ) transition which shows that the molecular gas is less excited than in nearby starburst galaxies and high -- z QSOs .	This difference mainly arises from a lower average H2 density , which indicates that the gas is less centrally concentrated than in nuclear starburst regions in local galaxies .
+3	All share the same transition , starting immediately after 2k = m , from moments arising from a semi-circular level density to gaussian moments .	We present a new method which uses Feynman-like diagrams to calculate the statistical quantities of embedded many-body random matrix problems .	The method provides a promising alternative to existing techniques and offers many important simplifications .	We use it here to find the fourth , sixth and eighth moments of the level density for k fermions or bosons interacting through a random hermitian potential in the limit where the number of possible single-particle states is taken to infinity .	The results also reveal a striking feature ; the domain of the 2n'th moment is naturally divided into n subdomains specified by the points 2k = m , 3k = m , ... , nk = m .
+2	The problem of computing an MIS on a network is a fundamental problem in distributed algorithms and the fastest algorithm for this problem is the $ O ( \log n ) $ -round algorithm due to Luby ( SICOMP 1986 ) and Alon et al .	A $ t $ -ruling set of a graph $ G = ( V , E ) $ is a vertex-subset $ S \subseteq V $ that is independent and satisfies the property that every vertex $ v \in V $ is at a distance of at most $ t $ from some vertex in $ S $ .	A \textit { maximal independent set ( MIS ) } is a 1-ruling set .	( J. Algorithms 1986 ) from more than 25 years ago .	Since then the problem has resisted all efforts to yield to a sub-logarithmic algorithm .
+2	Our previous investigations [ M. M. Mola et al. , Phys.Rev .	A microwave cavity perturbation technique is used to probe the interlayer electrodynamics within the vortex state of the organic superconductor kappa- ( BEDT-TTF ) 2Cu ( NCS ) 2 .	A Josephson plasma mode is observed which is extremely sensitive to correlations in the locations of vortices in adjacent layers and may , therefore , be used to gauge collective effects between vortices and crystal pinning sites in the title compound .	B 62 ( 2000 ) 5965 ] revealed a transformation from a correlated quasi-two-dimensional pinned vortex phase , to either a depinned or liquid state .	In this study , we carry out a detailed analysis of the magnetic field dependence of the Josephson plasma frequency within the two phases .
+3	The prominent jet structure allows us to identify individual components whose apparent displacement can be detected over the time span of 7.33 yr .	The extremely high redshift ( z=5.3 ) radio source SDSS J102623.61+254259.5 ( J1026+2542 ) is among the most distant and most luminous radio-loud active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) known to date .	Its one-sided radio jet structure on milli-arcsecond ( mas ) and ~10-mas scales typical for blazars was first imaged at 5 GHz with very long baseline interferometry ( VLBI ) in 2006 .	Here we report on our dual-frequency ( 1.7 and 5 GHz ) imaging observations performed with the European VLBI Network ( EVN ) in 2013 .	This is the first time when jet proper motions are directly derived in a blazar at z & gt ; 5 .
+0	Serious Games ( SGs ) have experienced a tremendous outburst these last years .	Video game companies have been producing fun , user-friendly SGs , but their educational value has yet to be proven .	Meanwhile , cognition research scientist have been developing SGs in such a way as to guarantee an educational gain , but the fun and attractive characteristics featured often would not meet the public 's expectations .	The ideal SG must combine these two aspects while still being economically viable .	In this article , we propose a production chain model to efficiently conceive and produce SGs that are certified for their educational gain and fun qualities .
+2	contains edge disjoint copies of $ C_1 , \ldots , C_t $ , provided $ p=\omega ( \log ^3 n/n ) $ .	We prove packing and counting theorems for arbitrarily oriented Hamilton cycles in $ { \cal D } ( n , p ) $ for nearly optimal $ p $ ( up to a $ \log ^cn $ factor ) .	In particular , we show that given $ t = ( 1-o ( 1 ) ) np $ Hamilton cycles $ C_1 , \ldots , C_ { t } $ , each of which is oriented arbitrarily , a digraph $ D \sim { \cal D } ( n , p ) $ w.h.p .	We also show that given an arbitrarily oriented $ n $ -vertex cycle $ C $ , a random digraph $ D \sim { \cal D } ( n , p ) $ w.h.p .	contains $ ( 1\pm o ( 1 ) ) n ! p^n $ copies of $ C $ , provided $ p \geq \log ^ { 1 + o ( 1 ) } n/n $ .
+4	Over the last several decades quantum information science has emerged to seek answers to the question : can we gain some advantage by storing , transmitting and processing information encoded in systems that exhibit these unique quantum properties ?	Quantum mechanics -- -the theory describing the fundamental workings of nature -- -is famously counterintuitive : it predicts that a particle can be in two places at the same time , and that two remote particles can be inextricably and instantaneously linked .	These predictions have been the topic of intense metaphysical debate ever since the theory 's inception early last century .	However , supreme predictive power combined with direct experimental observation of some of these unusual phenomena leave little doubt as to its fundamental correctness .	In fact , without quantum mechanics we could not explain the workings of a laser , nor indeed how a fridge magnet operates .
+2	This collaborative framework distributes analysis and multi-objective off-line and on-line auto-tuning of computer systems among many participants while utilizing any available smart phone , tablet , laptop , cluster or data center , and continuously observing , classifying and modeling their realistic behavior .	Software and hardware co-design and optimization of HPC systems has become intolerably complex , ad-hoc , time consuming and error prone due to enormous number of available design and optimization choices , complex interactions between all software and hardware components , and multiple strict requirements placed on performance , power consumption , size , reliability and cost .	We present our novel long-term holistic and practical solution to this problem based on customizable , plugin-based , schema-free , heterogeneous , open-source Collective Mind repository and infrastructure with unified web interfaces and on-line advise system .	Any unexpected behavior is analyzed using shared data mining and predictive modeling plugins or exposed to the community at cTuning.org for collaborative explanation , top-down complexity reduction , incremental problem decomposition and detection of correlating program , architecture or run-time properties ( features ) .	Gradually increasing optimization knowledge helps to continuously improve optimization heuristics of any compiler , predict optimizations for new programs or suggest efficient run-time ( online ) tuning and adaptation strategies depending on end-user requirements .
+1	We have selected Halpha emitters in a 7sq.arcmin field and compared the measured number density with that of a field sample at similar redshift .	We present results from a narrow-band survey of the field around the high redshift radio galaxy MRC 2104-242 .	We find that MRC 2104-242 lies in an overdensity of galaxies that is 8.0 +/- 0.8 times the average density of a blank field , suggesting it resides in a large-scale structure that may eventually collapse to form a massive cluster .	We find that there is more dust obscured star formation in the protocluster galaxies than in similarly selected control field galaxies and there is tentative evidence of a higher fraction of starbursting galaxies in the denser environment .	However , on average we do not find a difference between the star formation rate ( SFR ) -mass relations of the protocluster and field galaxies and so conclude that the SFR of these galaxies at z~2.5 is governed predominantly by galaxy mass and not the host environment .
+2	We survey existing experimental bounds on this scale , which arise mostly from tau and B decays .	Motivated by the strong experimental evidence of large nu_mu - nu_tau neutrino oscillations , we study existing constraints for related mu - tau flavor violation .	Using a general bottom-up approach , we construct dimension-6 effective fermionic operators whose coefficients encode the scale of new physics associated with mu - tau flavor violation , which is a piece in the puzzle of the origin of neutrino oscillations .	In many cases the new physics scale is constrained to be above a few TeV .	We also discuss the operators which are either weakly constrained or , at present , subject to no experimental bounds .
+3	We quantitatively characterize the strain coupling to the orbital states of the NV center , and with mechanical driving , we observe NV-strain couplings exceeding 10 GHz .	The recent maturation of hybrid quantum devices has led to significant enhancements in the functionality of a wide variety of quantum systems .	In particular , harnessing mechanical resonators for manipulation and control has expanded the use of two-level systems in quantum information science and quantum sensing .	In this letter , we report on a monolithic hybrid quantum device in which strain fields associated with resonant vibrations of a diamond cantilever dynamically control the optical transitions of a single nitrogen-vacancy ( NV ) defect center in diamond .	Furthermore , we use this strain-mediated coupling to match the frequency and polarization dependence of the zero-phonon lines of two spatially separated and initially distinguishable NV centers .
+4	The data indicate that the emitting region is much broader than the point spread function of our telescope .	We report the results of TeV gamma-ray observations of the shell type SNR RXJ1713.7-3946 ( G347.3-0.5 ) .	The discovery of strong non-thermal X-ray emission from the northwest part of the remnant strongly suggests the existence of electrons with energies up to 100 TeV in the remnant , making the SNR a good candidate TeV gamma-ray source .	We observed RXJ1713.7-3946 from May to August 1998 with the CANGAROO 3.8m atmospheric imaging Cerenkov telescope and obtained evidence for TeV gamma-ray emission from the NW rim of the remnant with the significance of 5.6 sigma .	The observed TeV gamma-ray flux from the NW rim region was estimated to be ( 5.3 +/- 0.9 [ statistical ] +/- 1.6 [ systematic ] ) * 10^ { -12 } photons cm^ { -2 } s^ { -1 } at energies & gt ; = 1.8 +/- 0.9 TeV .
+0	In near-infrared NaCo observations of the young brown dwarf 2MASS J0041353-562112 , we discovered a companion a little less than a magnitude fainter than the primary .	The binary candidate has a separation of 143 mas , the spectral types are M6.5 and M9.0 for the two components .	Colors and flux ratios are consistent with the components being located at the same distance minimizing the probability of the secondary being a background object .	The brown dwarf is known to show Li absorption constraining the age to less than ~200 Myr , and it was suspected to show ongoing accretion , indicating an age as low as ~10 Myr .	We estimate distance and orbital parameters of the binary as a function of age .
+2	The Bregman 's alternating method is employed in our algorithm to achieve the distance by iteratively projecting onto the hyper-plane and the intersection .	In this paper , we proposed an alternating projection based algorithm to solve a class of distributed MIN-MAX convex optimization problems .	We firstly transform this MINMAX problem into the problem of searching for the minimum distance between some hyper-plane and the intersection of the epigraphs of convex functions .	The projection onto the intersection is obtained by cyclic Dykstra 's projection method .	We further apply our algorithm to the minimum time multi-agent consensus problem .
+0	Many works have studied the Internet topology , but few have investigated the question of how it evolves over time .	This paper focuses on the Internet routing IP-level topology and proposes a first step towards realistic modeling of its dynamics .	We study periodic measurements of routing trees from a single monitor to a fixed destination set and identify invariant properties of its dynamics .	We then propose a simple model for the underlying mechanisms of the topology dynamics .	Simulations show that it effectively captures the observed behaviors , thus providing key insights of relevant mechanisms governing the Internet routing dynamics .
+0	Heat and charge transport were used to probe the magnetic field-tuned quantum critical point in the heavy-fermion metal CeCoIn $ _5 $ .	A comparison of electrical and thermal resistivities reveals three characteristic energy scales .	A Fermi-liquid regime is observed below $ T_ { FL } $ , with both transport coefficients diverging in parallel and $ T_ { FL } \to 0 $ as $ H\to H_c $ , the critical field .	The characteristic temperature of antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations , $ T_ { SF } $ , is tuned to a minimum but { \it finite } value at $ H_c $ , which coincides with the end of the $ T $ -linear regime in the electrical resistivity .	A third temperature scale , $ T_ { QP } $ , signals the formation of quasiparticles , as fermions of charge $ e $ obeying the Wiedemann-Franz law .
+4	I briefly discuss the assumption of constant density and end with outlining future prospects .	The circumgalactic region of the Milky Way contains a large amount of gaseous mass in the warm-hot phase .	The presence of this warm-hot halo observed through $ z=0 $ X-ray absorption lines is generally agreed upon , but its density , path-length , and mass is a matter of debate .	Here I discuss in detail why different investigations led to different results .	The presence of an extended ( over 100 kpc ) and massive ( over ten billion solar masses ) warm-hot gaseous halo is supported by observations of other galaxies as well .
+0	We provide a number of new construction techniques for cubical complexes and cubical polytopes , and thus for cubifications ( hexahedral mesh generation ) .	As an application we obtain an instance of a cubical 4-polytope that has a non-orientable dual manifold ( a Klein bottle ) .	This confirms an existence conjecture of Hetyei ( 1995 ) .	More systematically , we prove that every normal crossing codimension one immersion of a compact 2-manifold into R^3 PL-equivalent to a dual manifold immersion of a cubical 4-polytope .	As an instance we obtain a cubical 4-polytope with a cubation of Boy 's surface as a dual manifold immersion , and with an odd number of facets .
+3	We can construct solutions near time periodic linearized solutions around the equilibrium .	We construct spherically symmetric solutions to the Einstein-Euler equations , which contains a positive cosmological constant , say , the Einstein-Euler-de Sitter equations .	We assume a realistic barotropic equation of state .	Equilibria of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Euler-de Sitter equations are given by the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff-de Sitter equation .	The Cauchy problem around the equilibrium can be solved .
+4	For a mass of 10 GeV and lifetime of 4x10^-11 s , we exclude values greater than 0.14 pb ( 95 % C.L . ) .	We present a search for a neutral particle , pair-produced in p-pbar collisions at sqrt ( s ) =1.96 TeV , which decays into two muons and lives long enough to travel at least 5 cm before decaying .	The analysis uses ~380 pb^-1 of data recorded with the D0 detector .	The background is estimated to be about one event .	No candidates are observed , and limits are set on the pair production cross section times branching fraction into dimuons + X for such particles .
+2	We also define two strata of normal forms : the first one consists of regular ( or stable ) normal forms , and second stratum is formed by singular ( or unstable ) normal forms .	Let $ G=\mathop { A\ast B } \limits_C $ be an amalgamated product of finite rank free groups $ A $ , $ B $ and $ C $ .	We introduce atomic measures and corresponding asymptotic densities on a set of normal forms of elements in $ G $ .	In a series of previous work about classical algorithmic problems , it was shown that standard algorithms work fast on elements of the first stratum and nothing is known about their work on the second stratum .	In main theorems A and B of this paper we give probabilistic and asymptotic estimates of these strata .
+4	This work presents a garbage collector integrated with our strict , parallel functional language implementation , Manticore , and shows that it scales effectively on both a 48-core AMD Opteron machine and a 32-core Intel Xeon machine .	Modern high-end machines feature multiple processor packages , each of which contains multiple independent cores and integrated memory controllers connected directly to dedicated physical RAM .	These packages are connected via a shared bus , creating a system with a heterogeneous memory hierarchy .	Since this shared bus has less bandwidth than the sum of the links to memory , aggregate memory bandwidth is higher when parallel threads all access memory local to their processor package than when they access memory attached to a remote package .	This bandwidth limitation has traditionally limited the scalability of modern functional language implementations , which seldom scale well past 8 cores , even on small benchmarks .
+3	In comparison , our spectrum of MWC 480 appears mostly featureless .	We present high resolution ( R=25,000-35,000 ) K-band spectroscopy of two young stars , MWC 480 and V1331 Cyg .	Earlier spectrally dispersed ( R=230 ) interferometric observations of MWC 480 indicated the presence of an excess continuum emission interior to the dust sublimation radius , with a spectral shape that was interpreted as evidence for hot water emission from the inner disk of MWC 480 .	Our spectrum of V1331 Cyg reveals strong emission from CO and hot water vapor , likely arising in a circumstellar disk .	We discuss possible ways in which strong water emission from MWC 480 might go undetected in our data .
+2	We propose a scenario to explain the GeV gamma-ray emission in Cygnus X-3 .	Cygnus X-3 is an accreting high-mass X-ray binary composed of a Wolf-Rayet star and an unknown compact object , possibly a black hole .	The gamma-ray space telescope Fermi found definitive evidence that high-energy emission is produced in this system .	In this model , energetic electron-positron pairs are accelerated at a specific location in the relativistic jet , possibly related to a recollimation shock , and upscatter the stellar photons to high energies .	The comparison with Fermi observations shows that the jet should be inclined close to the line of sight and pairs should not be located within the system .
+4	We call these fragments quantum drops .	We discuss the dynamics of finite systems within molecular dynamics models .	Signatures of a critical behavior are analyzed and compared to experimental data both in nucleus-nucleus and metallic cluster collisions .	We suggest the possibility to explore the instability region via tunneling .	In this way we can obtain fragments at very low temperatures and densities .
+3	This requires a different strategy , since in the infinite variance case there is no longer a relationship to the local time of Brownian resp .	Drmota and Gittenberger ( 1997 ) proved a conjecture due to Aldous ( 1991 ) on the height profile of a Galton-Watson tree with an offspring distribution of finite variance , conditioned on a total size of $ n $ individuals .	The conjecture states that in distribution its shape , more precisely its scaled height profile coincides asymptotically with the local time process of a Brownian excursion of duration 1 .	We give a proof of the result , which extends to the case of an infinite variance offspring distribution .	L\ ' { e } vy excursions .
+3	A full analysis of the chemical enrichment history described by these observations will be presented in a future paper .	This paper presents chemical abundance measurements for 37 damped Lya systems at z & gt ; 2.5 observed with the Echellette Spectrograph and Imager on the KeckII telescope .	We measure the HI column densities of these damped systems through Voigt profile fits to their Lya profiles and we implement the apparent optical depth method to determine ionic column densities .	Figures and tables of all relevant data are presented .	This dataset is also valuable for efficiently planning future echelle observations and for rough abundance pattern analyses .
+4	Above this threshold , particle capture is only partially successful and depends on the particle 's entry position .	High gradient magnetic separation ( HGMS ) is an efficient way to remove magnetic and paramagnetic particles , such as heavy metals , from waste water .	As the suspension flows through a magnetized filter mesh , high magnetic gradients around the wires attract and capture the particles , removing them from the fluid .	We model such a system by considering the motion of a paramagnetic tracer particle through a periodic array of magnetized cylinders .	We show that there is a critical Mason number ( ratio of viscous to magnetic forces ) below which the particle is captured irrespective of its initial position in the array .
+2	This is important because recently , supervised dictionary learning algorithms have been proposed , which suggest to include the category information into the learning of dictionary to improve its discriminative power .	In this paper , it is proved that dictionary learning and sparse representation is invariant to a linear transformation .	It subsumes the special case of transforming/projecting the data into a discriminative space .	Among them , there are some approaches that propose to learn the dictionary in a discriminative projected space .	To this end , two approaches have been proposed : first , assigning the discriminative basis as the dictionary and second , perform dictionary learning in the projected space .
+1	Unregularized Wilson loops are too singular to give densely defined operators .	As a warmup for studying dynamics and gravitons in loop quantum gravity , Varadajan showed that Wilson loops give operators on the Fock space for electromagnetism in Minkowski spacetime - but only after regularizing the loops by smearing them with a Gaussian .	Here we present a rigorous treatment of unsmeared Wilson loops for vacuum electromagnetism on an arbitrary globally hyperbolic static spacetime .	Our Wilson loops are not operators , but `` quasioperators '' : sesquilinear forms on the dense subspace of Fock space spanned by coherent states corresponding to smooth classical solutions .	To obtain this result we begin by carefully treating electromagnetism on globally hyperbolic static spacetimes , addressing various issues that are usually ignored , such as the definition of Aharonov-Bohm modes when space is noncompact .
+3	We observed a weak anomaly at the CDW transition for the first time in the specific heat of VSe2 .	The results of low temperature thermoelectric power and the specific heat of 1T-VSe2 ( Vanadium diselenide ) have been reported along with the electrical resistivity , and Hall coefficient of the compound .	The Charge Density Wave ( CDW ) transition is observed near 110K temperature in all these properties .	The Thermoelectric power has been measured from 15K to 300K spanning the incommensurate and commensurate CDW regions .	The linear temperature dependence of resistivity and thermoelectric power at higher temperatures suggests a normal metallic behavior and electron-phonon scattering above the CDW transition .
+1	This leads to a strong charge fluctuation between the Zhang-Rice singlet and the upper Hubbard bands .	Based on the analysis of the measurement data of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( ARPES ) and optics , we show that the charge transfer gap is significantly smaller than the optical one and is reduced by doping in electron doped cuprate superconductors .	The basic model for describing this system is a hybridized two-band $ t $ - $ J $ model .	In the symmetric limit where the corresponding intra- and inter-band hopping integrals are equal to each other , this two-band model is equivalent to the Hubbard model with an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction ( i.e.the $ t $ - $ U $ - $ J $ model ) .	The mean-field result of the $ t $ - $ U $ - $ J $ model gives a good account for the doping evolution of the Fermi surface and the staggered magnetization .
+0	In this paper we study the inherent trade-off between time and communication complexity for the distributed consensus problem .	In our model , communication complexity is measured as the maximum data throughput ( in bits per second ) sent through the network at a given instant .	Such a notion of communication complexity , referred to as bandwidth complexity , is related to the frequency bandwidth a designer should collectively allocate to the agents if they were to communicate via a wireless channel , which represents an important constraint for dense robotic networks .	We prove a lower bound on the bandwidth complexity of the consensus problem and provide a consensus algorithm that is bandwidth-optimal for a wide class of consensus functions .	We then propose a distributed algorithm that can trade communication complexity versus time complexity as a function of a tunable parameter , which can be adjusted by a system designer as a function of the properties of the wireless communication channel .
+4	We finally study the Andreev-bound-state spectrum in superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junctions and find that in multi-band nanowires the distinction between topologically trivial and non-trivial systems based on the number of zero-energy crossings is preserved .	We study by means of the recursive Green 's function technique the local density-of-states of ( finite and semi-infinite ) multi-band spin-orbit coupled semiconducting nanowires in proximity to an s-wave superconductor and attached to normal-metal electrodes .	When the nanowire is coupled to a normal electrode , the zero-energy peak , corresponding to the Majorana state in the topological phase , broadens with increasing transmission between the wire and the leads , eventually disappearing for ideal interfaces .	Interestingly , for a finite transmission a peak is present also in the normal electrode , even though it has a smaller amplitude and broadens more rapidly with the strength of the coupling .	Unpaired Majorana states can survive close to a topological phase transition even when the number of open channels ( defined in the absence of superconductivity ) is even .
+2	The model-checking problem for PRSs and action-based linear temporal logic ( ALTL ) is undecidable .	We consider the model checking problem for Process Rewrite Systems ( PRSs ) , an infinite-state formalism ( non Turing-powerful ) which subsumes many common models such as Pushdown Processes and Petri Nets .	PRSs can be adopted as formal models for programs with dynamic creation and synchronization of concurrent processes , and with recursive procedures .	However , decidability for some interesting fragment of ALTL remains an open question .	In this paper we state decidability results concerning generalized acceptance properties about infinite derivations ( infinite term rewriting ) in PRSs .
+1	The transverse energy distribution was analysed in the geometric model of AA collisions .	We have analyzed the latest NA50 data on transverse energy distributions and $ J/\psi $ suppression in Pb+Pb collisions .	In the geometric model , fluctuations in the number of NN collisions at fixed impact parameter are taken into account .	Analysis suggests that in Pb+Pb collisions , individual NN collisions produces less $ & lt ; E_T & gt ; $ , than in other AA collisions .	The nucleons are more transparent in Pb+Pb collisions .
+3	The use of curved gratings allows perpendicular incidence of x-rays on the gratings , and gives higher visibility over a larger field of view than a conventional interferometer with flat gratings .	Grating interferometer is a state of art x-ray imaging approach , which can simultaneously acquire information of x-ray attenuation , phase shift , and small angle scattering .	This approach is very sensitive to micro-structural variation and offers superior contrast resolution for biological soft tissues .	The present grating interferometer often uses flat gratings , with serious limitations in the field of view and the flux of photons .	In the study , we present a rigorous theoretical analysis of the self-imaging of curved transmission gratings based on Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction .
+0	We propose a class of models with gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking , inspired by simple brane constructions , where R-symmetry is very weakly broken .	The gauge sector has an extended N=2 supersymmetry and the two electroweak Higgses form an N=2 hypermultiplet , while quarks and leptons remain in N=1 chiral multiplets .	Supersymmetry is broken via the D-term expectation value of a secluded U ( 1 ) and it is transmitted to the Standard Model via gauge interactions of messengers in N=2 hypermultiplets : gauginos thus receive Dirac masses .	The model has several distinct experimental signatures with respect to ordinary models of gauge or gravity mediation realizations of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( MSSM ) .	First , it predicts extra states as a third chargino that can be observed at collider experiments .
+0	We have examined the relationship between supermassive black hole mass ( M $ _ { BH } $ ) and the stellar mass of the host spheroid ( M $ _ { sph , * } $ ) for a sample of 75 nearby galaxies .	To derive the spheroid stellar masses we used improved 2MASS K $ _s $ -band photometry from the ARCHANGEL photometry pipeline .	Dividing our sample into core-S\'ersic and S\'ersic galaxies , we find that they are described by very different M $ _ { BH } $ -M $ _ { sph , * } $ relations .	For core-S\'ersic galaxies - which are typically massive and luminous , with M $ _ { BH } \gtrsim 2x10^8 M_\odot $ - we find M $ _ { BH } \propto M_ { sph , * } ^ { ( 0.97 \pm 0.14 ) } $ , consistent with other literature relations .	However , for the S\'ersic galaxies - with typically lower masses , M $ _ { sph , * } \lesssim 3x10^10 M_\odot $ - we find M $ _BH \propto M_ { sph , * } ^ { ( 2.22 \pm 0.58 ) } $ , a dramatically steeper slope that differs by more than 2 standard deviations .
+3	The second solution is special in the sense that it does not have a finite classical limit c- & gt ; infinity and generic null fields appear .	We explicitly construct the extension of the N=2 super Virasoro algebra by two super primary fields of dimension two and three with vanishing u ( 1 ) -charge .	Using a super covariant formalism we obtain two different solutions both consistent for generic values of the central charge c. The first one can be identified with the super W_4-algebra - the symmetry algebra of the CP ( 3 ) Kazama-Suzuki model .	With the help of unitarity arguments we predict the self-coupling constant of the field of dimension two for all super W_n-algebras .	In the spirit of recent results in the N=0 case it can be understood as a unifying N=2 super W-algebra for all CP ( n ) coset models .
+1	The gauge connection is constructed from the frame-field and ( not necessarily compatible ) spin connection components .	We consider the Yang-Mills flow on hyperbolic 3-space .	The fixed points of this flow include zero Yang-Mills curvature configurations , for which the spin connection has zero torsion and the associated Riemannian geometry is one of constant curvature .	Perturbations to the fixed point corresponding to hyperbolic 3-space can be expressed as a linear superposition of distinct modes , some of which are exponentially growing along the flow .	The growing modes imply the divergence of the ( gauge invariant ) perturbative torsion for a wide class of initial data , indicating an instability of the background geometry that we confirm with numeric simulations in the partially compactified case .
+0	Computational RFID ( CRFID ) devices are emerging platforms that can enable perennial computation and sensing by eliminating the need for batteries .	Although much research has been devoted to improving upstream ( CRFID to RFID reader ) communication rates , the opposite direction has so far been neglected , presumably due to the difficulty of guaranteeing fast and error-free transfer amidst frequent power interruptions of CRFID .	With growing interest in the market where CRFIDs are forever-embedded in many structures , it is necessary for this void to be filled .	Therefore , we propose Wisent-a robust downstream communication protocol for CRFIDs that operates on top of the legacy UHF RFID communication protocol : EPC C1G2 .	The novelty of Wisent is its ability to adaptively change the frame length sent by the reader , based on the length throttling mechanism , to minimize the transfer times at varying channel conditions .
+0	We present the results of an experiment to search for trapped antihydrogen atoms with the ALPHA antihydrogen trap at the CERN Antiproton Decelerator .	Sensitive diagnostics of the temperatures , sizes , and densities of the trapped antiproton and positron plasmas have been developed , which in turn permitted development of techniques to precisely and reproducibly control the initial experimental parameters .	The use of a position-sensitive annihilation vertex detector , together with the capability of controllably quenching the superconducting magnetic minimum trap , enabled us to carry out a high-sensitivity and low-background search for trapped synthesised antihydrogen atoms .	We aim to identify the annihilations of antihydrogen atoms held for at least 130 ms in the trap before being released over ~30 ms. After a three-week experimental run in 2009 involving mixing of 10^7 antiprotons with 1.3 10^9 positrons to produce 6 10^5 antihydrogen atoms , we have identified six antiproton annihilation events that are consistent with the release of trapped antihydrogen .	The cosmic ray background , estimated to contribute 0.14 counts , is incompatible with this observation at a significance of 5.6 sigma .
+3	What is the connection between these processes ?	The International X-ray Observatory ( IXO ) is a joint ESA-JAXA-NASA effort to address fundamental and timely questions in astrophysics : What happens close to a black hole ?	How did supermassive black holes grow ?	How does large scale structure form ?	To address these questions IXO will employ optics with 3 sq m collecting area and 5 arc sec angular resolution - 20 times more collecting area at 1 keV than any previous X-ray observatory .
+3	A substantial discrepancy was found between the measured and the calculated values of the relative time delay .	We investigate theoretically the relative time delay of photoelectrons originating from different atomic subshells of noble gases .	This quantity was measured via attosecond streaking and studied theoretically by Schultze et al .	[ Science 328 , 1658 ( 2010 ) ] for neon .	Several theoretical studies were put forward to resolve this issue , e.g. , by including correlation effects .
+2	We find that neutron-star surface emission can not account for the observations and that the emission must be magnetospheric in origin .	A number of Anomalous X-ray Pulsars ( AXPs ) have recently been detected in the optical/IR wavelengths .	We use their inferred brightness to place general constraints on any model for this emission within the magnetar framework .	We propose a model for the optical/IR emission in which a distribution of energetic electrons in the neutron-star magnetosphere emits synchrotron radiation .	This model can naturally reproduce the observed brightness and the rising spectra of AXPs as well as the observed pulsations at the stellar spin frequency and the correlation of the IR flux with their bursting activity .
+1	In this paper , we present , discuss and analyse a technique called Evolutionary Squeaky Wheel Optimisation and apply it to two different personnel scheduling problems .	The quest for robust heuristics that are able to solve more than one problem is ongoing .	Evolutionary Squeaky Wheel Optimisation improves the original Squeaky Wheel Optimisation 's effectiveness and execution speed by incorporating two extra steps ( Selection and Mutation ) for added evolution .	In the Evolutionary Squeaky Wheel Optimisation , a cycle of Analysis-Selection-Mutation-Prioritization-Construction continues until stopping conditions are reached .	The aim of the Analysis step is to identify below average solution components by calculating a fitness value for all components .
+1	We analyzed a set of 38 Cepheids using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method that had been recently studied with a linear-bisector method .	We have compared the results of Bayesian statistical calculations and linear-bisector calculations for obtaining Cepheid distances and radii by the infrared surface brightness method .	The distances obtained by the two techniques agree to 1.5 \pm 0.6 % with the Bayesian distances being larger .	The radii agree to 1.1 % \pm 0.7 % with the Bayesian determinations again being larger .	We interpret this result as demonstrating that the two methods yield the same distances and radii .
+1	We find that a moderate mass loss rate for massive stars of solar metallicity produces an excellent fit to the observed C/H and C/O gradients of the Galactic disk .	We present chemical evolution models of the Galactic disk with different Z-dependent yields .	The best model also fits : the H , He , C , and O abundances derived from recombination lines of M17 , the protosolar abundances , and the C/O-O/H , C/Fe-Fe/H , and O/Fe-Fe/H relations derived from solar vicinity stars .	The agreement of the model with the protosolar abundances implies that the Sun originated at a galactocentric distance similar to the one it has .	Our model for $ r=3 $ kpc implies that a fraction of the stars in the direction of the bulge formed in the inner disc .
+3	With further increasing $ x $ ( $ x & gt ; 0.03 $ ) , the disorder-induced scattering increases , and the system enters into the possible Anderson localization ( AL ) state .	A series of $ 1T $ -Fe $ _x $ Ta $ _ { 1-x } $ SSe ( 0 $ \leq x \leq $ 0.1 ) single crystals was fabricated via the chemical-vapor-transport ( CVT ) method and investigated by structure , transport , and magnetic measurements along with the density-functional-theory ( DFT ) calculations .	The superconductivity ( SC ) in parent $ 1T $ -TaSSe can be gradually suppressed by Fe-substitution ( $ x\leq0.03 $ ) , accompanied by the disappearance of charge-density-wave ( CDW ) .	DFT calculations show that the Fe-substitution effectively inhibits the CDW superstructure and thereby the CDW domains are destroyed .	Our results prove the SC develops in the CDW phase and coexists with the CDW domain in $ 1T $ -TaSSe system .
+0	Recently , we had numerically shown that , for a non-minimal coupling that is a simple power of the scale factor , scale invariant magnetic fields arise in a class of bouncing universes .	In this work , we { \it analytically } \/ evaluate the spectrum of magnetic and electric fields generated in a sub-class of such models .	We illustrate that , for cosmological scales which have wavenumbers much smaller than the wavenumber associated with the bounce , the shape of the spectrum is preserved across the bounce .	Using the analytic solutions obtained , we also illustrate that the problem of backreaction is severe at the bounce .	Finally , we show that the power spectrum of the magnetic field remains invariant under a two parameter family of transformations of the non-minimal coupling function .
+3	First , the shear-free case is considered \cite { 3 } .	We review a recently proposed framework for studying axially symmetric dissipative fluids \cite { Ref1 } .	Some general results are discussed at the most general level .	We then proceed to analyze some particular cases .	We shall next discuss the perfect fluid case under the geodesic condition , without impossing ab initio the shear -- free condition \cite { 2 } .
+1	The motivation of this study comes from many situations that involve repeatedly making choices subject to arbitrary constraints in an uncertain environment : for instance , regularly deciding which advertisements to display online in order to gain high click-through-rate without knowing user preferences , or what route to drive home each day under uncertain weather and traffic conditions .	In this paper we study a generalized version of classical multi-armed bandits ( MABs ) problem by allowing for arbitrary constraints on constituent bandits at each decision point .	Assume that there are $ K $ unknown random variables ( RVs ) , i.e. , arms , each evolving as an \emph { i.i.d } stochastic process over time .	At each decision epoch , we select a strategy , i.e. , a subset of RVs , subject to arbitrary constraints on constituent RVs .	We then gain a reward that is a linear combination of observations on selected RVs .
+1	The driving force of the glass transition at Tg is a change of the undercooled-liquid Gibbs free energy .	An undercooled liquid is unstable .	The classical Gibbs free energy change for a crystal formation is completed including an enthalpy saving .	The crystal growth critical nucleus is used as a probe to observe the Laplace pressure change Dp accompanying the enthalpy change -Vm *Dp at Tg where Vm is the molar volume .	A stable glass-liquid transition model predicts the specific heat jump of fragile liquids at temperatures smaller than Tg , the Kauzmann temperature TK where the liquid entropy excess with regard to crystal goes to zero , the equilibrium enthalpy between TK and Tg , the maximum nucleation rate at TK of superclusters containing magic atom numbers , and the equilibrium latent heats at Tg and TK .
+0	We construct vacua of M-theory on S^1/Z_2 associated with Calabi-Yau three-folds .	These vacua are appropriate for compactification to N=1 supersymmetry theories in both four and five dimensions .	We allow for general E_8 x E_8 gauge bundles and for the presence of five-branes .	The five-branes span the four-dimensional uncompactified space and are wrapped on holomorphic curves in the Calabi-Yau space .	Properties of these vacua , as well as of the resulting low-energy theories , are discussed .
+2	We apply a model , that can accurately describe the full shape of the PS with the use of a small number of free parameters .	We obtain cosmological constraints from a measurement of the spherically averaged power spectrum ( PS ) of the distribution of about 90000 luminous red galaxies ( LRGs ) across 7646 deg2 in the Northern Galactic Cap from the DR7 of the SDSS .	The errors and mode correlations are estimated thanks to the 160 LasDamas mock catalogues , created in order to simulate the same galaxies and to have the same selection as the data .	Using the LRG PS , in combination with the latest measurement of the temperature and polarisation anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) , the luminosity-distance relation from the largest available type 1a supernovae ( SNIa ) dataset and a precise determination of the local Hubble parameter , we obtain cosmological constraints for five different parameter spaces .	When all the four experiments are combined , the flat LCDM model is characterised by Omega_M=0.259+-0.016 , Omega_b=0.045+-0.001 , n_s=0.963+-0.011 , sigma_8=0.802+-0.021 and h=0.712+-0.014 .
+3	To explain the latter we propose the mechanisms of scattering by point defects and Coulomb blockade tunneling .	We present a microscopic picture of quantum transport in quantum antidots in the quantum Hall regime taking electron interactions into account .	We discuss the edge state structure , energy level evolution , charge quantization and linear-response conductance as the magnetic field or gate voltage is varied .	Particular attention is given to the conductance oscillations due to Aharonov-Bohm interference and their unexpected periodicity .	They are supported by self-consistent calculations in the Hartree approximation , which indicate pinning and correlation of the single-particle states at the Fermi energy as well as charge oscillation when antidot-bound states depopulate .
+4	REAPER is also self-stabilizing to changes in the mobility pattern .	Realizing delay-capacity in intermittently connected mobile networks remains a largely open question , with state-of-the-art routing schemes typically focusing either on delay or on capacity .	We show the feasibility of routing with both high goodput and desired delay constraints , with REAPER ( for Reliable , Efficient , and Predictive Routing ) , a fully distributed convergecast routing framework that jointly optimizes both path length and path delay .	A key idea for efficient instantiation of REAPER is to exploit predictability of mobility patterns , in terms of a semi-deterministic model which appropriately captures several vehicular and human inter-contact patterns .	Packets are thus routed using paths that are jointly optimal at their time of arrival , in contrast to extant DTN protocols which use time-average metrics for routing .
+0	We use the radio-infrared ( IR ) flux correlation bet ween star-forming galaxies in the local universe to derive a simple analytical expression between the intensity of the IR background and the brightness t emperature of the radio background .	This relation i s insensitive to the star formation history of the galaxies that produce the cosmic IR background ( CIB ) .	We use the observed CIB intensity to constrain t he cosmic star formation history , and the relation between the CIB and the cosmic radio background ( CR B ) to constrain the relative contribution of star-f orming galaxies to the CRB .	Current limits on the C IB intensity predict a 178 MHz brightness temperature of ~18+-9 K , about half of the 37+-8 K inferred for an isotropic radio component .	This suggests that s tar-forming galaxies and AGN contribute about equal ly to the CRB intensity at that frequency .
+3	The high temperature sustainability of the FBGs written into these fibers was investigated and seen to be quite significant at temperatures as high as 850 ^ { \circ } C , in particular for the Sn/Er and Sb/Er fibers .	Three different types of Er doped photosensitive fibers , germanium/erbium ( Ge/Er ) fiber , tin/germanium/erbium fiber ( Sn/Er ) and antimony/germanium/erbium fiber ( Sb/Er ) have been manufactured and studied for use in optical sensor systems .	Their characteristics of photosensitivity , the temperature sustainability of fiber Bragg gratings ( FBGs ) written into these fibers and the fluorescence emission from the Er dopant were investigated and compared .	It has been shown in this work that these fibers all show a satisfactory degree of photosensitivity to enable the fabrication of FBGs and a significant level of fluorescence emission within the 1550 nm band for sensor use .	A fiber laser using the Sb/Er fiber as the gain medium was demonstrated , giving evidence of the strong fluorescence emission from the Er dopant .
+2	We obtain effective spin lifetimes by fitting the Hanle spin precession data with two models that include or exclude the effect of spin absorption .	We investigate spin relaxation in graphene by systematically comparing the roles of spin absorption , other contact-induced effects ( e.g.fringe fields , etc .	) , and bulk spin relaxation for graphene spin valves with MgO barriers , Al2O3 barriers , and transparent contacts .	Results indicate that additional contact-induced spin relaxation other than spin absorption dominates the contact effect .	For tunneling contacts , we find reasonable agreement between the two models with median discrepancy of ~20 % for MgO and ~10 % for Al2O3 .
+4	The second approach is a frequent word/word meaning sequence based document clustering , it similarly extracts the common word sequence from the document and uses the common sequence/ common word meaning sequence to perform the compact representation , and finally , it uses document clustering approach to cluster the compact documents .	Document clustering as an unsupervised approach extensively used to navigate , filter , summarize and manage large collection of document repositories like the World Wide Web ( WWW ) .	Recently , focuses in this domain shifted from traditional vector based document similarity for clustering to suffix tree based document similarity , as it offers more semantic representation of the text present in the document .	In this paper , we compare and contrast two recently introduced approaches to document clustering based on suffix tree data model .	The first is an Efficient Phrase based document clustering , which extracts phrases from documents to form compact document representation and uses a similarity measure based on common suffix tree to cluster the documents .
+2	Such a distribution is the equivalent of the Maxwell-Boltzmann 's distribution in the kinetic theory of gasses .	We introduce a deductive statistical mechanics approach for granular materials which is formally built from few realistic physical assumptions .	The main finding is an universal behavior for the distribution of the density fluctuations .	The comparison with a very extensive set of experimental and simulation data for packings of monosized spherical grains , reveals a remarkably good quantitative agreement with the theoretical predictions for the density fluctuations both at the grain level and at the global system level .	Such agreement is robust over a broad range of packing fractions and it is observed in several distinct systems prepared by using different methods .
+3	In the present work we consider fully 3D setting and discuss the influence of the additional dimension on stability properties of the flow .	We study contact line induced instabilities for a thin film of fluid under destabilizing gravitational force in three dimensional setting .	In the previous work ( Phys .	Fluids , { \bf 22 } , 052105 ( 2010 ) ) , we considered two dimensional flow , finding formation of surface waves whose properties within the implemented long wave model depend on a single parameter , $ D= ( 3Ca ) ^ { 1/3 } \cot\alpha $ , where $ Ca $ is the capillary number and $ \alpha $ is the inclination angle .	In particular , we concentrate on the coupling between the surface instability and the transverse ( fingering ) instabilities of the film front .
+2	Direct absorption of external electric field in QCB strongly depends on the direction of the wave vector $ { \bf q } . $ This results in two types of $ 1D\to 2D $ dimensional crossover with varying angle of an incident wave or its frequency .	Infrared ( IR ) spectroscopy can be used as an important and effective tool for probing periodic networks of quantum wires or nanotubes ( quantum crossbars , QCB ) at finite frequencies far from the Luttinger liquid fixed point .	Plasmon excitations in QCB may be involved in resonance diffraction of incident electromagnetic waves and in optical absorption in the IR part of the spectrum .	In the case of QCB interacting with semiconductor substrate , capacitive contact between them does not destroy the Luttinger liquid character of the long wave QCB excitations .	However , the dielectric losses on a substrate surface are significantly changed due to appearance of additional Landau damping .
+3	We provide explicit bounds on the size of the point samples required for such reconstruction in terms of intrinsic properties of the domain , the co-domain and the function .	From a sufficiently large point sample lying on a compact Riemannian submanifold of Euclidean space , one can construct a simplicial complex which is homotopy-equivalent to that manifold with high confidence .	We describe a corresponding result for a Lipschitz-continuous function between two such manifolds .	That is , we outline the construction of a simplicial map which recovers the induced maps on homotopy and homology groups with high confidence using only finite sampled data from the domain and range , as well as knowledge of the image of every point sampled from the domain .	This reconstruction is robust to certain types of bounded sampling and evaluation noise .
+0	Voltage-induced magnetic anisotropy has been quantitatively studied in polycrystalline Ni thin film deposited on flexible substrate using microstrip ferromagnetic resonance .	This anisotropy is induced by a piezoelectric actuator on which the film/substrate system was glued .	In our work , the control of the anisotropy through the applied elastic strains is facilitated by the compliant elastic behavior of the substrate .	The in-plane strains in the film induced by the piezoelectric actuation have been measured by the digital image correlation technique .	Non-linear variation of the resonance field as function of the applied voltage is found and well reproduced by taking into account the non linear and hysteretic variations of the induced in-plane strains as function of the applied voltage .
+1	The essential piece of this symmetry breaking , the Higgs boson , is the most probable particle to be discovered at the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) .	Electroweak symmetry breaking and the origin of mass of fermion and boson are fundamental questions to understand particle physics .	If one , or more , Higgs particles are discovered , precise measurements of all the properties of this Higgs will be very important including the measurement of Yukawa couplings of the fermions to the Higgs .	We present a study of e+e- - & gt ; ttH at a linear collider , with the aim of making a direct measurement of the the top-Higgs coupling , g ( ttH ) using the semi-leptonic final state and M_H of 120 GeV .	We show that the top-Higgs coupling at the center of mass energy 500 GeV , can be measured with an accuracy of better than 28 % .
+0	There is a recent surge of interest in developing algorithms for finding sparse solutions of underdetermined systems of linear equations $ y = \Phi x $ .	In many applications , extremely large problem sizes are envisioned , with at least tens of thousands of equations and hundreds of thousands of unknowns .	For such problem sizes , low computational complexity is paramount .	The best studied $ \ell_1 $ minimization algorithm is not fast enough to fulfill this need .	Iterative thresholding algorithms have been proposed to address this problem .
+4	The outcry provoked by the verdict in the world press and the international scientific community has fueled the already fiery debate over whether the six should have been tried at all .	This article is a commentary on the verdict of the `` L'Aquila Six '' , the group of bureaucrats and scientists tried by an Italian court as a result of their public statements in advance of the quake of 2009 Apr .	6 that left the city in ruins and cause more than 300 deaths .	It was not the worst such catastrophic event in recent Italian history , but it was one of -- if not the -- worst failures of risk assessment and preventive action .	The six were found guilty and condemned by a first level of the justice system to substantial prison terms .
+2	Classical chemical kinetics and chemical thermodynamics are obtained as some scaling limits in the models , introduced below .	In the first part of this paper we give a short review of the hierarchy of stochastic models , related to physical chemistry .	In the basement of this hierarchy there are two models -- - stochastic chemical kinetics and the Kac model for Boltzman equation .	In the second part of this paper we specify some simple class of open chemical reaction systems , where one can still prove the existence of attracting fixed points .	For example , Michaelis\tire Menten kinetics belongs to this class .
+2	Quasi-normal modes are also very important in the context of testing of the stability of black objects , the anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory ( AdS/CFT ) correspondence and in higher dimensional theories , such as the brane-world scenarios and string theory .	Black holes have their proper oscillations , which are called the quasi-normal modes .	The proper oscillations of astrophysical black holes can be observed in the nearest future with the help of gravitational wave detectors .	This dissertation reviews a number of works , which provide a thorough study of the quasi-normal spectrum of a wide class of black holes in four and higher dimensions for fields of various spin and gravitational perturbations .	We have studied numerically the dependance of the quasi-normal modes on a number of factors , such as the presence of the cosmological constant , the Gauss-Bonnet parameter or the aether in the space-time , the dependance of the spectrum on parameters of the black hole and fields under consideration .
+0	We empirically study the trading activity in the electronic on-book segment and in the dealership off-book segment of the London Stock Exchange , investigating separately the trading of active market members and of other market participants which are non-members .	We find that ( i ) the volume distribution of off-book transactions has a significantly fatter tail than the one of on-book transactions , ( ii ) groups of members and non-members can be classified in categories according to their trading profile ( iii ) there is a strong anticorrelation between the daily inventory variation of a market member due to the on-book market transactions and inventory variation due to the off-book market transactions with non-members , and ( iv ) the autocorrelation of the sign of the orders of non-members in the off-book market is slowly decaying .	We also analyze the on-book price impact function over time , both for positive and negative lags , of the electronic trades and of the off-book trades .	The unconditional impact curves are very different for the electronic trades and the off-book trades .	Moreover there is a small dependence of impact on the volume for the on-book electronic trades , while the shape and magnitude of impact function of off-book transactions strongly depend on volume .
+2	D 91 , 104040 ( 2015 ) .	We consider generic axially symmetric rotating spacetimes and examine particle collisions in the ergoregion .	The results are generic and agree with those obtained in the particular case of the rotating Teo wormhole in N. Tsukamoto and C. Bambi , Phys.Rev .	It is shown that for sufficiently rapid rotation , the energy of a particle escaping to infinity can become arbitrary large ( so-called super-Penrose process ) .	Moreover , this energy is typically much larger than the center-of mass energy of colliding particles .
+1	A key role is played by the dynamics of the scalar fields in the dual gauge theory .	We study a simple model of a black hole in AdS and obtain a holographic description of the region inside the horizon .	This leads to a proposal for a dual description of D-branes falling through the horizon of any AdS black hole .	The proposal uses a field-dependent time reparameterization in the field theory .	We relate this reparametrization to various gauge invariances of the theory .
+0	We present new ages and abundance measurements for the pre-main sequence star PZ Tel .	PZ Tel was recently found to host a young and low-mass companion .	Using FEROS spectra we have measured atomic abundances ( e.g.Fe and Li ) and chromospheric activity for PZ Tel and used these to obtain metallicity and age estimates for the companion .	We find PZ Tel to be a rapidly rotating ( vsini=73\pm5km/s ) , ~solar metallicity star ( logN ( Fe ) =-4.37 dex or [ Fe/H ] =0.05 dex ) with a measured mean logR'HK of -4.12 .	We measure a NLTE lithium abundance of logN ( Li ) =3.1\pm0.1dex , which from depletion models gives rise to an age of 7+4-2 Myrs for the system .
+2	Both the monopole and doubly stretched quadrupole interactions are considered for the pairing channel .	The microscopic energies and nuclear deformations of about 1850 even-even nuclei are calculated systematically within the macroscopic-microscopic framework using three Woods-Saxon parameterizations , with different isospin dependences , which were constructed mainly for nuclear spectroscopy calculations .	Calculations are performed in the deformation space $ ( \beta_2 , \gamma , \beta_4 ) $ .	The ground state deformations obtained by the three calculations are quite similar to each other .	Large differences are seen mainly in neutron-rich nuclei and in superheavy nuclei .
+0	We have carried out 21 cm radio continuum , H76_\alpha radio recombination line , and various ( CO , ^13CO , CS , & amp ; C^34S ) molecular line observations of the W31 complex .	Our radio continuum data show that W31 is composed of two extended HII regions , G10.2-0.3 and G10.3-0.1 , each of which comprises an ultracompact HII region , two or more compact components , and diffuse envelope .	The W31 cloud appears as an incomplete shell on the whole and consists of southern spherical and northern flat components , which are associated with G10.2-0.3 and G10.3-0.1 , respectively .	We detect two large and massive CS-emitting regions in the northern and southern cloud components .	The large amount of dense gas may suggest that the W31 cloud has ability to form rich stellar clusters and that star formation has only recently begun .
+0	In optimal control problems , there exist different kinds of extremals , that is , curves candidates to be solution : abnormal , normal and strictly abnormal .	The key point for this classification is how those extremals depend on the cost function .	We focus on control systems such as nonholonomic control mechanical systems and the associated kinematic systems as long as they are equivalent .	With all this in mind , first we study conditions to relate an optimal control problem for the mechanical system with another one for the associated kinematic system .	Then , Pontryagin 's Maximum Principle will be used to connect the abnormal extremals of both optimal control problems .
+4	In this review we summarize this development and discuss similarities and differences of the appearence of the pseudogap phase in superconductors and the Gross-Neveu and Nambu-Jona-Lasinio - like models .	We briefly review the nonlinear sigma model approach for the subject of increasing interest : `` two-step '' phase transitions in the Gross-Neveu and the modified Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models at low $ N $ and condensation from pseudogap phase in strong-coupling superconductors .	Recent success in describing `` Bose-type '' superconductors that possess two characterstic temperatures and a pseudogap above $ T_c $ is the development approximately comparable with the BCS theory .	One can expect that it should have influence on high-energy physics , similar to impact of the BCS theory on this subject .	Although first generalizations of this concept to particle physics were made recently , these results were not systematized .
+0	We study the effect of mergers on the morphology of galaxies by means of the simulated merger tree approach first proposed by Moster et al .	This method combines N-body cosmological simulations and semi-analytic techniques to extract realistic initial conditions for galaxy mergers .	These are then evolved using high resolution hydrodynamical simulations , which include dark matter , stars , cold gas in the disc and hot gas in the halo .	We show that the satellite mass accretion is not as effective as previously thought , as there is substantial stellar stripping before the final merger .	The fraction of stellar disc mass transferred to the bulge is quite low , even in the case of a major merger , mainly due to the dispersion of part of the stellar disc mass into the halo .
+1	\end { equation* } % It is known that the operator $ \chi $ preserves group properties such as finiteness , solubility and also nilpotency for finitely generated groups .	The operator of weak commutativity between isomorphic groups $ H $ and $ H^ { \psi } $ was defined by Sidki as \begin { equation* } \chi ( H ) =\left\langle H\ , H^ { \psi } \mid \lbrack h , h^ { \psi } ] =1\ , \forall \ , h\in H\right\rangle \text { . }	We prove in this work that $ \chi $ preserves the properties of being polycyclic and polycyclic by finite .	As a consequence of this result , we conclude that the non-abelian tensor square $ H\otimes H $ of a group $ H $ , defined by Brown and Loday , preserves the property polycyclic by finite .	This last result extends that of Blyth and Morse who proved that $ H\otimes H $ is polycyclic if $ H $ is polycyclic .
+3	Furthermore , the masses of the $ \theta^+ $ ( 1540 ) candidates exhibit a large variation in different measurements .	We review and discuss the experimental evidence on predicted baryonic states made by 4 quarks and one antiquark , called pentaquarks .	Theoretical and experimental advances in the last few years led to the observation of pentaquark candidates by some experiments , however with relatively low individual significance .	Other experiments did not observed those candidates .	We discuss to which extend these contradicting informations may lead to a consistent picture .
+4	We used the IRAM 30-m telescope to map the 1.2 mm dust continuum emission of five new starless cores , which are in good agreement with previous visual extinction maps .	The Pipe nebula is a massive , nearby , filamentary dark molecular cloud with a low star-formation efficiency threaded by a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to its main axis .	It harbors more than a hundred , mostly quiescent , very chemically young starless cores .	The cloud is , therefore , a good laboratory to study the earliest stages of the star-formation process .	We aim to investigate the primordial conditions and the relation among physical , chemical , and magnetic properties in the evolution of low-mass starless cores .
+2	Similarities to and differences from the superconducting case are presented and explained .	A Keldysh-contour effective field theory is derived for magnetic vortices in the presence of current flow .	The effect of adiabatic and non-adiabatic spin transfer torques on vortex motion is highlighted .	Current flow across a magnetically ordered state is shown to lead to a defect-unbinding phase transition which is intrinsically nonequilibrium in the sense of not being driven by a variation in effective temperature .	The dependence of the density of vortices on the current density is determined .
+1	We show that its modular data DHg fits into a family $ D^\omega Hg_ { 2n+1 } $ , where $ n\ge 0 $ and $ \omega\in \bbZ_ { 2n+1 } $ .	The quantum double of the Haagerup subfactor , the first irreducible finite depth subfactor with index above 4 , is the most obvious candidate for exotic modular data .	We show $ D^0 Hg_ { 2n+1 } $ is related to the subfactors Izumi hypothetically associates to the cyclic groups $ Z_ { 2n+1 } $ .	Their modular data comes equipped with canonical and dual canonical modular invariants ; we compute the corresponding alpha-inductions etc .	In addition , we show there are ( respectively ) 1 , 2 , 0 subfactors of Izumi type $ Z_7 $ , $ Z_9 $ and $ Z_3^2 $ , and find numerical evidence for 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 subfactors of Izumi type $ Z_ { 11 } , Z_ { 13 } , Z_ { 15 } , Z_ { 17 } , Z_ { 19 } $ ( previously , Izumi had shown uniqueness for $ Z_3 $ and $ Z_5 $ ) , and we identify their modular data .
+2	Combining experiments and simulations we explore a family of particle types that can entangle through their non-convex , hooked shape .	Architectural structures such as masonry walls or columns exhibit a slender verticality , in contrast to the squat , sloped forms obtained with typical unconfined granular materials .	Here we demonstrate the ability to create freestanding , weight-bearing , similarly slender and vertical structures by the simple pouring of suitably shaped dry particles into a mold that is subsequently removed .	We show that Z-shaped particles produce granular aggregates which can either be fluid and pourable , or solid and rigid enough to maintain vertical interfaces and build freestanding columns of large aspect ratio ( & gt ; 10 ) that support compressive loads without external confinement .	We investigate the stability of such columns with uniaxial compression , bending , and vibration tests and compare with other particle types including U-shaped particles and rods .
+4	New initial conditions corresponding to the dense core lead to a stronger azimuthal asymmetry of the hydrodynamically expanding fireball , pressure gradients also increase .	The separation of the source created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions into a thermalized dense core and an outer mantle consisting of independent nucleon-nucleon collisions is discussed .	Evidence for such a two component picture is found in transverse mass spectra of kaon , protons and antiprotons produced in Au-Au collisions at 200GeV .	Estimates of the sizes of the thermal and direct sources are compared to models separating the interaction zone into a core and a corona , according to the density of participants or to the number of collisions .	Consequences for the modeling of the dynamics of the small size , thermalized core are described .
+2	A rotational period of WD 0009+501 , 1.83 hours , has been discovered , the average magnetic field of the star is & lt ; Be & gt ; = -42.3 +/- 5.4 kG and its semi-amplitude of the rotational variability is 32.0 +/- 6.8 kG .	This paper describes results of magnetic field measurements of white dwarfs carried out on the 6-m telescope for the last years .	A magnetic field of about Be ~ 28 kG has been discovered in the degenerate star WD 1953-011 .	The variable magnetic field of the bright normal ( non-magnetic ) degenerate star 40 Eridani B was confirmed in January 1999 by Zeeman time-resolved spectroscopy .	Both the Halpha and the Hbeta lines give about the same results , we have selected two best periods in the magnetic field variability , 2h25m and 5h17m .
+1	The standard SAA algorithm guarantees convergence to the global minimum when a square-root cooling schedule is used ; however the efficiency of its performance depends crucially on its self-adjusting mechanism .	We present the parallel and interacting stochastic approximation annealing ( PISAA ) algorithm , a stochastic simulation procedure for global optimisation , that extends and improves the stochastic approximation annealing ( SAA ) by using population Monte Carlo ideas .	Because its mechanism is based on information obtained from only a single chain , SAA may present slow convergence in complex optimisation problems .	The proposed algorithm involves simulating a population of SAA chains that interact each other in a manner that ensures significant improvement of the self-adjusting mechanism and better exploration of the sampling space .	Central to the proposed algorithm are the ideas of ( i ) recycling information from the whole population of Markov chains to design a more accurate/stable self-adjusting mechanism and ( ii ) incorporating more advanced proposals , such as crossover operations , for the exploration of the sampling space .
+3	This class of processes arise naturally in many applications such as stochastic models of chemical kinetics , population dynamics and queueing theory for example .	We consider Markov processes in continuous time with state space $ \posint^N $ and provide two sufficient conditions and one necessary condition for the existence of moments $ E ( \|X ( t ) \|^r ) $ of all orders $ r \in \nat $ for all $ t \geq 0 $ .	The sufficient conditions also guarantee an exponential in time growth bound for the moments .	The class of processes studied have finitely many state independent jumpsize vectors $ \nu_1 , \dots , \nu_M $ .	We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition for stochiometric boundedness of species in terms of $ \nu_j $ .
+1	We describe how the Standard Model prediction can be successfully performed in terms of a consistent expansion about the resonance pole , which classifies the corrections in terms of factorizable and non-factorizable contributions .	Drell-Yan-like W-boson and Z-boson production in the resonance region allows for some high-precision measurements that are crucial to carry experimental tests of the Standard Model to the extremes , such as the determinations of the W-boson mass and the effective weak mixing angle .	The former can be attributed to the W/Z production and decay subprocesses individually , while the latter link production and decay by soft-photon exchange .	At next-to-leading order we compare the full electroweak corrections with the pole-expanded approximations , confirming the validity of the approximation .	At O ( \alpha_s\alpha ) , we describe the concept of the expansion and report on results on the non-factorizable contributions , which turn out to be phenomenologically negligible .
+0	Ultra-intense ultra-short laser is firstly used to irradiate the capacity-coil target to generate magnetic field .	The spatial structure and temporal evolution of huge magnetic fields were studied with time-gated proton radiography method .	A magnetic flux density of 40T was measured by comparing the proton deflection and particle track simulations .	Although the laser pulse duration is only 30fs , the generated magnetic field can last for over 100 picoseconds .	The energy conversion efficiency from laser to magnetic field can reach as high as ~20 % .
+3	Based on experimental data we have developed a quantitative Monte Carlo model for integrin signal initiation .	Integrins are allosteric cell adhesion receptors that control many important processes , including cell migration , proliferation , and apoptosis .	Ligand binding activates integrins by stabilizing an integrin conformation with separated cytoplasmic tails , thus enabling the binding of proteins that mediate cytoplasmic signaling .	Experiments demonstrate a high sensitivity of integrin signaling to ligand density and this has been accounted mainly to avidity effects .	We show that within the physiological ligand density range avidity effects can not explain the sensitivity of cellular signaling to small changes in ligand density .
+2	A point that is still to be explored is fluctuations ( in space and time ) in the localized absorption of radiation by the tissues .	Background : The epidemiology of the slightly radioactive contrast agent named Thorotrast presents a very long latency period between the injection and the development of the related pathologies .	It is an example of the more general problem posed by a radioactive internal contaminant whose effects are not noteworthy in the short term but become dramatic in the long period .	Methods : A Monte Carlo simulation code has been developed to study over a 30 year period the daily absorption of alpha radiation by micrometer sized portions of tissue placed at a distance of 0-100 micrometers from a model source , that approximates a compact thorium dioxide source in liver or spleen whose size is larger or equal to 20 micrometers .	The biological depletion of the daughter nuclei of the thorium series is taken into account .
+1	In this paper we study the homology of $ U ( P , r ) $ -- the union of $ d $ -dimensional balls of radius $ r $ around $ P $ , as $ n \to \infty $ , and $ r \to 0 $ .	Let $ P $ be a set of $ n $ random points in $ R^d $ , generated from a probability measure on a $ m $ -dimensional manifold $ M \subset R^d $ .	In addition we study the critical points of $ d_P $ -- the distance function from the set $ P $ .	These two objects are known to be related via Morse theory .	We present limit theorems for the Betti numbers of $ U ( P , r ) $ , as well as for number of critical points of index $ k $ for $ d_P $ .
+2	We present the Herschel-PACS 55 -- 210 micron spectra of the L1157-B1 shock , showing emission lines from CO , H2O , OH , and [ OI ] .	Outflows generated by protostars heavily affect the kinematics and chemistry of the hosting molecular cloud through strong shocks that enhance the abundance of some molecules .	L1157 is the prototype of chemically active outflows , and a strong shock , called B1 , is taking place in its blue lobe between the precessing jet and the hosting cloud .	The spatial resolution of the PACS spectrometer allows us to map the warm gas traced by far-infrared ( FIR ) lines with unprecedented detail .	The rotational diagram of the high-Jup CO lines indicates high-excitation conditions ( Tex ~ 210 +/- 10 K ) .
+0	We study the homogenization of a diffusion process which takes place in a binary structure formed by an ambiental connected phase surrounding a suspension of very small spheres distributed in an $ \veps $ -periodic network .	The asymptotic distribution of the concentration is determined for both phases , as $ \veps\to 0 $ , assuming that the suspension has mass of unity order and vanishing volume .	Three cases are distinguished according to the values of a certain limit capacity .	When it is positive and finite , the macroscopic system involves a two-concentration system , coupled through a term accounting for the non local effects .	In the other two cases , where the capacity is either infinite or going to zero , although the form of the system is much simpler , some peculiar effects still account for the presence of the suspension .
+0	Light-Front Holography leads to a rigorous connection between hadronic amplitudes in a higher dimensional anti-de Sitter ( AdS ) space and frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in 3+1 physical space-time , thus providing a compelling physical interpretation of the AdS/CFT correspondence principle and AdS/QCD , a useful framework which describes the correspondence between theories in a modified AdS $ _5 $ background and confining field theories in physical space-time .	To a first semiclassical approximation , where quantum loops and quark masses are not included , this approach leads to a single-variable light-front Schr\ '' odinger equation which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum .	The coordinate $ z $ in AdS space is uniquely identified with a Lorentz-invariant coordinate $ \zeta $ which measures the separation of the constituents within a hadron at equal light-front time .	The internal structure of hadrons is explicitly introduced and the angular momentum of the constituents plays a key role .	We give an overview of the light-front holographic approach to strongly coupled QCD .
+2	In the case of the interaction with a static magnetic field , the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves depends on the size of the excitation region in which the magnetic field is contained .	We consider the interaction of a weak gravitational wave with electromagnetic fields in a thin plasma on a Minkowski background spacetime using the 1+3 orthonormal frame formalism .	Because gravitational and electromagnetic waves satisfy the same dispersion relation , electromagnetic waves can be effectively generated as a result of this interaction .	It is argued that due to the presence of a plasma this process can also lead to the generation of higher harmonics of the original mode .	Estimates are given for this effect in the case of a binary pulsar and a cold electron plasma .
+3	When the diffusion length is comparable to the system size phase coherence is maintained but the amplitudes of the oscillations are uncorrelated due to interaction between fluctuations and the instability of the chaotic dynamics .	An investigation of the mesoscopic dynamics of chemical systems whose mass action equation gives rise to a deterministic chaotic attractor is carried out .	A reactive lattice-gas model for the three-variable autocatalator is used to provide a mesoscopic description of the dynamics .	The global and local dynamics is studied as a function of system size and diffusion coefficient .	If the diffusion length is small compared to the system size then phase turbulence serves to destroy the noisy global attractor .
+3	To look for these nuclear bars we use HST WFPC2-NICMOS color maps to search for the straight dust lane signature of strong bars .	If AGN are powered by the accretion of matter onto massive black holes , how does the gas in the host galaxy lose the required angular momentum to approach the black hole ?	Gas easily transfers angular momentum to stars in strong bars , making them likely candidates .	Although ground-based searches for bars in active galaxies using both optical and near infrared surface brightness have not found any excess of bars relative to quiescent galaxies , the searches have not been able to rule out small-scale nuclear bars .	Of the twelve Seyfert galaxies in our sample , only three have dust lanes consistent with a strong nuclear bar .
+3	In particular , when the precession frequency is tuned to resonance between spin up and spin down states of the dot , Kondo singularity for each spin splits into a superposition of two resonance peaks .	Non-equilibrium spin transport through an interacting quantum dot is analyzed .	The coherent spin oscillations in the dot provide a generating source for spin current .	In the interacting regime , the Kondo effect is influenced in a significant way by the presence of the precessing magnetic field .	The Kondo-type cotunneling contribution is manifested by a large enhancement of the pumped spin current in the strong coupling , low temperature regime .
+4	We study the behavior of several physical observables , such as non-local operators and entanglement entropies , that can be used to characterize these quantum phase transitions .	In this chapter we discuss aspects of the quantum critical behavior that occurs at a quantum phase transition separating a topological phase from a conventionally ordered one .	We concentrate on a family of quantum lattice models , namely certain deformations of the toric code model , that exhibit continuous quantum phase transitions .	One such deformation leads to a Lorentz-invariant transition in the 3D Ising universality class .	An alternative deformation gives rise to a so-called conformal quantum critical point where equal-time correlations become conformally invariant and can be related to those of the 2D Ising model .
+3	The excitation energies to the states with N_s+2 , N_s-2 , can be obtained as the differences between the lowest unoccupied and the opposite-spin highest occupied spin-orbital energies , if the ( N , N_s ) representation of the Kohn-Sham spin-potentials is used .	On the basis of the zero-temperature grand canonical ensemble generalization of the energy E [ N , N_s , v , B ] for fractional particle N and spin N_s numbers , the energy surface over the ( N , N_s ) plane is displayed and analyzed in the case of homogeneous external magnetic fields B ( r ) .	The ( negative of the ) left/right-side derivatives of the energy with respect to N , N_up , and N_down give the fixed-N_s , spin-up , and spin-down ionization potentials/electron affinities , respectively , while the derivative of E [ N , N_s , v , B ] with respect to N_s gives the ( signed ) half excitation energy to a state with N_s increased ( or decreased ) by 2 .	The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied Kohn-Sham spin-orbital energies are identified as the corresponding spin-up and spin-down ionization potentials and electron affinities .	The cases where the convexity condition on the energy does not hold are also discussed .
+1	Prior to the transition to bursting , the systems in this class develop chaotic attractors , which generate irregular spiking .	We study statistical properties of the irregular bursting arising in a class of neuronal models close to the transition from spiking to bursting .	The chaotic spiking gives rise to irregular bursting .	The duration of bursts near the transition can be very long .	We describe the statistics of the number of spikes and the interspike interval distributions within one burst as functions of the distance from criticality .
+4	Moreover , we spatially and temporally characterize the beam of hydrogen and selected ( neutral ) alkali-metal atoms that carry non-zero orbital angular momentum ( OAM ) .	We study Bessel beams of two-level atoms that are driven by a linearly polarized laser field .	Starting from the Schroedinger equation , we determine the states of two-level atoms in a plane-wave field respecting propagation directions both of the atom and the field .	For such laser-driven two-level atoms , we construct Bessel beams beyond the typical paraxial approximation .	We show that the probability density of these atomic beams obtains a non-trivial , Bessel-squared-type behavior and can be tuned under the special choice of the atom and laser parameters , such as the nuclear charge , atom velocity , laser frequency , and propagation geometry of the atom and laser beams .
+2	We develop a simple analytical model that allows us to compute surprisingly accurate predictions , when compared to our simulations , but also to other simulations presented in Springel & amp ; Hernquist ( 2003 ) .	Using a series of high-resolution N-body hydrodynamical numerical simulations , we investigate several scenarios for the evolution of the baryon budget in galactic halos .	We derive individual halo star formation history ( SFH ) , as well as the global star formation rate in the universe .	The model depends on two main parameters : the star formation time scale t* and the wind efficiency eta_w .	We also compute , for halos of a given mass , the baryon fraction in each of the following phases : cold disc gas , hot halo gas and stars .
+3	Here , we achieve sharp definition of kz to enable precise navigation in 3D k space by pushing ARPES into the soft-X-ray photon energy range .	Electronic structure of crystalline materials is their fundamental characteristic which is the basis of almost all their physical and chemical properties .	Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( ARPES ) is the main experimental tool to study all electronic structure aspects with resolution in k-space .	However , its application to three-dimensional ( 3D ) materials suffers from a fundamental problem of ill-defined surface-perpendicular wavevector kz .	Essential to break through the notorious problem of small photoexcitation cross-section was an advanced photon flux performance of our instrumentation .
+2	Subsequently , we also searched for coincidence with the Fermi bright Galactic sources .	We report on the search for steady point-like sources of neutral particles around 10 $ ^ { 18 } $ eV between 2008 May and 2013 May with the scintillator surface detector of the Telescope Array experiment .	We found overall no significant point-like excess above 0.5 EeV in the northern sky .	No significant coincidence was found within the statistical uncertainty .	Hence , we set an upper limit on the neutron flux that corresponds to an averaged flux of 0.07 km $ ^ { -2 } $ yr $ ^ { -1 } $ for $ E & gt ; 1 $ EeV in the northern sky at the 95 % confidence level .
+0	Cross modal face matching between the thermal and visible spectrum is a much de- sired capability for night-time surveillance and security applications .	Due to a very large modality gap , thermal-to-visible face recognition is one of the most challenging face matching problem .	In this paper , we present an approach to bridge this modality gap by a significant margin .	Our approach captures the highly non-linear relationship be- tween the two modalities by using a deep neural network .	Our model attempts to learn a non-linear mapping from visible to thermal spectrum while preserving the identity in- formation .
+2	To reflect the physical constraints of the imaging device , we introduce the notion of blocks of measurements : the sensing scheme is not a set of isolated measurements anymore , but a set of groups of measurements which may represent any arbitrary shape ( radial lines for instance ) .	Compressed Sensing ( CS ) is an appealing framework for applications such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) .	However , up-to-date , the sensing schemes suggested by CS theories are made of random isolated measurements , which are usually incompatible with the physics of acquisition .	Structured acquisition with blocks of measurements are easy to implement , and they give good reconstruction results in practice .	However , very few results exist on the theoretical guarantees of CS reconstructions in this setting .
+3	In all of these examples , relatively simple models have been able to explain the recurring features of apparently very complex signals and fields .	As 2005 , the International Year of Physics , comes to an end , two physicists working primarily in geophysical research reflect on how geophysics is not an applied physics .	Although geophysics has certainly benefited from progress in physics and sometimes emulated the reductionist program of mainstream physics , it has also educated the physics community about some of the generic behaviors of strongly nonlinear systems .	Dramatic examples are the insights we have gained into the `` emergent '' phenomena of chaos , cascading instabilities , turbulence , self-organization , fractal structure , power-law variability , anomalous scaling , threshold dynamics , creep , fracture , and so on .	It appears that the future of the intricate relation between physics and geophysics will be as exciting as its past has been characterized by a mutual fascination .
+4	Next , we consider the fuzzy Potts model and prove that on $ \Zd $ the fuzzy Potts measures dominate the same set of product measures while on $ \Td $ , for certain parameter values , the free and minus fuzzy Potts measures dominate different product measures .	We discuss various aspects concerning stochastic domination for the Ising model and the fuzzy Potts model .	We begin by considering the Ising model on the homogeneous tree of degree $ d $ , $ \Td $ .	For given interaction parameters $ J_1 $ , $ J_2 & gt ; 0 $ and external field $ h_1\in\RR $ , we compute the smallest external field $ \tilde { h } $ such that the plus measure with parameters $ J_2 $ and $ h $ dominates the plus measure with parameters $ J_1 $ and $ h_1 $ for all $ h\geq\tilde { h } $ .	Moreover , we discuss continuity of $ \tilde { h } $ with respect to the three parameters $ J_1 $ , $ J_2 $ , $ h $ and also how the plus measures are stochastically ordered in the interaction parameter for a fixed external field .
+0	Because of their low gravitational energies dwarf galaxies are greatly exposed to energetical influences by the interstellar medium , like e.g.\ stellar radiation , winds or explosions , or by their environment .	While the metallicity depletion in dwarf galaxies can be explained in general by supernova-driven galactic winds , the reason for their low N/O ratios at low O abundance is not yet completely understood .	Stellar yields enrich the different gas phases with elements that are characteristic for the stellar progenitors .	Phase transitions are necessary for a mixing of elements , but depend sensitively on the thermal and dynamical state of the interstellar medium .	Models of chemical evolution start usually with a high N/O ratio at low O abundance according to a metal enrichment by ancient stellar populations with common yields , but can only reproduce the N/O-O peculiarity by the application of multiple starbursts .
+3	This study searched the Milagro data for such emissions .	Milagro is a water-Cherenkov detector that observes the extended air showers produced by cosmic gamma rays of energies E & gt ; 100GeV .	The effective area of Milagro peaks at energies E~10TeV , however it is still large even down to a few hundred GeV ( ~10m^2 at 100GeV ) .	The wide field of view ( ~2sr ) and high duty cycle ( & gt ; 90 % ) of Milagro make it ideal for continuously monitoring the overhead sky for transient Very High Energy ( VHE ) emissions .	Even though the search was optimized primarily for detecting the emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts ( GRBs ) , it was still sensitive to the emission from the last stages of the evaporation of Primordial Black Holes or to any other kind of phenomena that produce bursts of VHE gamma rays .
+4	The source flux variability was resolved down to 2-min binned timescales , with flux doubling times less than 5 min .	On 2015 June 16 , Fermi-LAT observed a giant outburst from the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 with a peak $ & gt ; 100 $ MeV flux of $ \sim3.6\times10^ { -5 } \ ; { \rm photons } \ ; { \rm cm } ^ { -2 } \ ; { \rm s } ^ { -1 } $ averaged over orbital period intervals .	It is the historically highest $ \gamma $ -ray flux observed from the source including past EGRET observations , with the $ \gamma $ -ray isotropic luminosity reaching $ \sim10^ { 49 } \ ; { \rm erg } \ ; { \rm s } ^ { -1 } $ .	During the outburst , the Fermi spacecraft , which has an orbital period of 95.4 min , was operated in a special pointing mode to optimize the exposure for 3C 279 .	For the first time , significant flux variability at sub-orbital timescales was found in blazar observations by Fermi-LAT .
+3	A conjecture of Decelle , Krzakala , Moore and Zdeborova , based on ideas from statistical physics , predicted a specific threshold for clustering .	The stochastic block model is a classical cluster-exhibiting random graph model that has been widely studied in statistics , physics and computer science .	In its simplest form , the model is a random graph with two equal-sized clusters , with intra-cluster edge probability p , and inter-cluster edge probability q .	We focus on the sparse case , i.e. , p , q = O ( 1/n ) , which is practically more relevant and also mathematically more challenging .	The negative direction of the conjecture was proved by Mossel , Neeman and Sly ( 2012 ) , and more recently the positive direction was proven independently by Massoulie and Mossel , Neeman , and Sly .
+1	These works provide theoretical foundations for type-theoretic proof assistants where functions and predicates are defined by oriented higher-order equations .	Since Val Tannen 's pioneer work on the combination of simply-typed lambda-calculus and first-order rewriting ( LICS'88 ) , many authors have contributed to this subject by extending it to richer typed lambda-calculi and rewriting paradigms , culminating in calculi like the Calculus of Algebraic Constructions .	This kind of definitions subsumes induction-based definitions , is easier to write and provides more automation .	On the other hand , checking that user-defined rewrite rules are strongly normalizing and confluent , and preserve the decidability of type-checking when combined with beta-reduction , is more difficult .	Most termination criteria rely on the term structure .
+4	Using large state-of-the-art models , we demonstrate we demonstrate speedups of convolutional layers on both CPU and GPU by a factor of 2x , while keeping the accuracy within 1 % of the original model .	We present techniques for speeding up the test-time evaluation of large convolutional networks , designed for object recognition tasks .	These models deliver impressive accuracy but each image evaluation requires millions of floating point operations , making their deployment on smartphones and Internet-scale clusters problematic .	The computation is dominated by the convolution operations in the lower layers of the model .	We exploit the linear structure present within the convolutional filters to derive approximations that significantly reduce the required computation .
+3	The list of sources with their positions was taken from the Goddard VLBI astrometric catalog with addition of two ICRF-Ext.2 sources .	A new list of physical characteristics of 3914 astrometric radio sources , including all 717 ICRF-Ext.2 sources , observed during IVS and NRAO VCS sessions have been compiled .	The list includes source type , redshift and visual magnitude ( if available ) .	In case of doubt detailed comment is provided .	At this stage the source characteristics were mainly taken from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database ( NED ) .
+1	Here we calculate model spectral energy distributions ( SEDs ) that include emission from the AGN , the host galaxy stellar population , and dust enshrouded star formation .	Studying the average properties of active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) host stellar populations is an important step in understanding the role of AGN in galaxy evolution and the processes which trigger and fuel AGN activity .	Using the framework of cosmic X-ray background population synthesis modeling , the model AGN hosts are constrained using optical ( B band ) and near infrared ( J band , 3.6 um , 5.7 um , 8.0 um , and 24 um ) luminosity functions and number counts .	It is found that at z & lt ; 1 , type 1 and type 2 AGN hosts have similar stellar populations , in agreement with the orientation based unified model and indicative of secular evolution .	At z & gt ; 1 , type 2 AGN hosts are intrinsically different from type 1 AGN hosts , suggesting that the simple orientation based unified model does not hold at z & gt ; 1 .
+4	Tests using numerical simulations explicitly show that with this compact description one can correctly model redshift-space distorsions on all scales , fully capturing the overall linear and nonlinear dynamics of the galaxy flow at different separations .	As a step towards a more accurate modelling of redshift-space distortions in galaxy surveys , we develop a general description of the probability distribution function of galaxy pairwise velocities within the framework of the so-called streaming model .	For a given galaxy separation $ \vec { r } $ , such function can be described as a superposition of virtually infinite local distributions .	We characterize these in terms of their moments and then consider the specific case in which they are Gaussian functions , each with its own mean $ \mu $ and dispersion $ \sigma $ .	Based on physical considerations , we make the further crucial assumption that these two parameters are in turn distributed according to a bivariate Gaussian , with its own mean and covariance matrix .
+1	Before these images can be processed , they are picked up by the antennas and concentrated by the large main mirror and a smaller secondary mirror in the so called focal point of each antenna .	In previous articles , we described how electromagnetic waves emitted from objects in the sky are collected by the ALMA antennas ( Anatomy of ALMA ) , and how they are combined in order to produce images .	In order to process the data they must be first converted to electromagnetic waves of a lower frequency and amplified .	This is the role of the ALMA receivers .	In principle they work like a normal AM receiver , but at much higher frequencies .
+1	It has been noted by several researchers that these large blackouts are a result of a cascade of failures of various components .	In the past , we have observed several large blackouts , i.e.loss of power to large areas .	As a power grid is made up of several thousands or even millions of components ( relays , breakers , transformers , etc .	) , it is quite plausible that a few of these components do not perform their function as desired .	Their failure/misbehavior puts additional burden on the working components causing them to misbehave , and thus leading to a cascade of failures .
+1	Hence , error mitigation and recovery techniques are absolutely necessary to protect the FPGA hardware from soft errors arising due to such transient faults .	Field Programmable Gate Arrays ( FPGAs ) are more prone to be affected by transient faults in presence of radiation and other environmental hazards compared to Application Specific Integrated Circuits ( ASICs ) .	In this paper , a new efficient multi-bit error correcting method for FPGAs is proposed using adaptive cross parity check ( ACPC ) code .	ACPC is easy to implement and the needed decoding circuit is also simple .	In the proposed scheme total configuration memory is partitioned into two parts .
+1	This code is based on an explicit hybrid model ; the numerical stability and parallel scalability of the code are studied .	A massively parallel simulation code , called \textit { dHybrid } , has been developed to perform global scale studies of space plasma interactions .	A stabilization method for the explicit algorithm , for regions of near zero density , is proposed .	Three-dimensional hybrid simulations of the interaction of the solar wind with unmagnetized artificial objects are presented , with a focus on the expansion of a plasma cloud into the solar wind , which creates a diamagnetic cavity and drives the Interplanetary Magnetic Field out of the expansion region .	The dynamics of this system can provide insights into other similar scenarios , such as the interaction of the solar wind with unmagnetized planets .
+4	We obtained good results in agreement with experimental data .	The main purpose of this work is to obtain a mathematical model consistent with the thermal behavior of concentrating solar cookers , such as Jorhejpataranskua .	We also want to simulate different conditions respect to the parameters involved of several materials for its construction and efficiency .	The model is expressed in terms of a coupled nonlinear system of differential equations which are solved using Mathematica 8 .	The results obtained by our model are compared with measurements of solar cooker in field testing operation .
+4	We find that , in the case of skewness and kurtosis , galaxy bias reduces the detectability of non-Gaussianity , though we can still clearly discriminate between different models in our simulation volume .	We use cosmological N-body simulations to investigate whether measurements of the moments of large-scale structure can yield constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity .	We measure the variance , skewness , and kurtosis of the evolved density field from simulations with Gaussian and three different non-Gaussian initial conditions : a local model with f_NL=100 , an equilateral model with f_NL=-400 , and an orthogonal model with f_NL=-400 .	We show that the moments of the dark matter density field differ significantly between Gaussian and non-Gaussian models .	We also make the measurements on mock galaxy catalogs that contain galaxies with clustering properties similar to those of luminous red galaxies ( LRGs ) .
+4	With a 7 sigma detection we find that the entire observed 3 GHz radio emission can be associated with the South-Eastern component of CID-42 , coincident with the detected X-ray emission .	We present deep 3 GHz VLA observations of the potentially recoiling black hole CID-42 in the COSMOS field .	This galaxy shows two optical nuclei in the HST/ACS image and a large velocity offset of ~ 1300 km/s between the broad and narrow H beta emission line although the spectrum is not spacially resolved ( Civano et al.2010 ) .	The new 3 GHz VLA data has a bandwidth of 2 GHz and to correctly interpret the flux densities imaging was done with two different methods : multi-scale multi-frequency synthesis and spectral windows stacking .	The final resolutions and sensitivities of these maps are 0.7 '' with rms = 4.6 muJy/beam and 0.9 '' with rms = 4.8 muJy/beam respectively .
+0	We have used the MOST ( Microvariability and Oscillations of STars ) microsatellite to obtain four weeks of contiguous high-precision broadband visual photometry of the O7.5III ( n ) ( ( f ) ) star { \xi } Persei in November 2011 .	This star is well known from previous work to show prominent DACs ( Discrete Absorption Components ) on time-scales of about 2 d from UV spectroscopy and NRP ( Non Radial Pulsation ) with one ( l = 3 ) p-mode oscillation with a period of 3.5 h from optical spectroscopy .	Our MOST-orbit ( 101.4 min ) binned photometry fails to reveal any periodic light variations above the 0.1 mmag 3-sigma noise level for periods of hours , while several prominent Fourier peaks emerge at the 1 mmag level in the two-day period range .	These longer-period variations are unlikely due to pulsations , including gravity modes .	From our simulations based upon a simple spot model , we deduce that we are seeing the photometric modulation of several co-rotating bright spots on the stellar surface .
+0	Possible extensions of the standard model of elementary particle physics suggest the existence of particles with small , unquantized electric charge .	Photon initiated pair production of millicharged fermions in an external magnetic field would manifest itself as a vacuum magnetic dichroism .	We show that laser polarization experiments searching for this effect yield , in the mass range below 0.1 eV , much stronger constraints on millicharged fermions than previously considered laboratory searches .	Vacuum magnetic birefringence originating from virtual pair production gives a slightly better constraint for masses between 0.1 eV and a few eV .	We comment on the possibility that the vacuum magnetic dichroism observed by PVLAS arises from pair production of such millicharged fermions rather than from single production of axion-like particles .
+4	These tracts have a rigid and non-bendable structure and have an inhibitory effect on nucleosomes , which normally compact the DNA .	The human genome contains repetitive DNA at different level of sequence length , number and dispersion .	Highly repetitive DNA is particularly rich in homo -- and di -- nucleotide repeats , while middle repetitive DNA is rich of families of interspersed , mobile elements hundreds of base pairs ( bp ) long , among which the Alu families .	A link between homo- and di-polymeric tracts and mobile elements has been recently highlighted .	In particular , the mobility of Alu repeats , which form 10 % of the human genome , has been correlated with the length of poly ( A ) tracts located at one end of the Alu .
+4	Moreover , we prove that the Quillen 's concept of a homotopy coincides with ours .	Let $ \g_1 $ and $ \g_2 $ be two dg Lie algebras , then it is well-known that the $ L_\infty $ morphisms from $ \g_1 $ to $ \g_2 $ are in 1-1 correspondence to the solutions of the Maurer-Cartan equation in some dg Lie algebra $ \Bbbk ( \g_1 , \g_2 ) $ .	Then the gauge action by exponents of the zero degree component $ \Bbbk ( \g_1 , \g_2 ) ^0 $ on $ MC\subset\Bbbk ( \g_1 , \g_2 ) ^1 $ gives an explicit `` homotopy relation '' between two $ L_\infty $ morphisms .	We prove that the quotient category by this relation ( that is , the category whose objects are $ L_\infty $ algebras and morphisms are $ L_\infty $ morphisms modulo the gauge relation ) is well-defined , and is a localization of the category of dg Lie algebras and dg Lie maps by quasi-isomorphisms .	As localization is unique up to an equivalence , it is equivalent to the Quillen-Hinich homotopical category of dg Lie algebras [ Q1,2 ] , [ H1,2 ] .
+4	An efficient algorithm , that searches for the modules encoded in the data by iteratively refining sets of genes and conditions until they match this definition , is established .	We present a new approach for the analysis of genome-wide expression data .	Our method is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional techniques , when applied to large-scale data .	Rather than alloting each gene to a single cluster , we assign both genes and conditions to context-dependent and potentially overlapping transcription modules .	We provide a rigorous definition of a transcription module as the object to be retrieved from the expression data .
+4	This signal has already been identified as being one component of a g-mode candidate detected in the GOLF Doppler velocity signal .	Gravity modes in the Sun have been the object of a long and difficult search in recent decades .	Thanks to the data accumulated with the last generation of instruments ( BiSON , GONG and three helioseismic instruments aboard SoHO ) , scientists have been able to find signatures of their presence .	However , the individual detection of such modes remains evasive .	In this article , we study the signal at 220.7 microHz which is a peak that is present in most of the helioseismic data of the last 10 years .
+3	We show that consistent recovery is possible up to isometric scaling when the vertex degree is at least $ \omega ( n^ { 2/ ( 2+d ) } \log ( n ) ^ { d/ ( d+2 ) } ) $ .	We analyze directed , unweighted graphs obtained from $ x_i\in \mathbb { R } ^d $ by connecting vertex $ i $ to $ j $ iff $ |x_i - x_j| & lt ; \epsilon ( x_i ) $ .	Examples of such graphs include $ k $ -nearest neighbor graphs , where $ \epsilon ( x_i ) $ varies from point to point , and , arguably , many real world graphs such as co-purchasing graphs .	We ask whether we can recover the underlying Euclidean metric $ \epsilon ( x_i ) $ and the associated density $ p ( x_i ) $ given only the directed graph and $ d $ .	Our estimator is based on a careful characterization of a random walk over the directed graph and the associated continuum limit .
+3	We also show that it is possible to encode optical properties of the incident material into the refracted SPP .	We show how a complex Snell 's law can be used to describe the refraction of surface plasmon polaritons ( SPPs ) at an interface between two metals , validating its predictions with 3-D electrodynamics simulations .	Refraction gives rise to peculiar SPP features including inhomogeneities in the waveform and dispersion relations that depend on the incident wave and associated material .	These features make it possible to generate SPPs propagating away from the interface with significant confinement normal to the propagation direction .	These consequences of metal-metal SPP refraction provide new avenues for the design of plasmonics-based devices .
+4	This paper presents a simple and fast approach to assigning significance and setting limits in such searches .	Many extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics hypothesize the existence of new low-mass particles .	Typically there are few theoretical constraints on the mass or lifetime of such particles .	This requires the experimentalist to perform a search in which both the mass and lifetime of the particle are unknown .	Such searches for low-mass particles are complicated by the possible presence of resonances and other non-monotonic backgrounds .
+0	Algebraic weak factorisation systems ( AWFS ) refine weak factorisation systems by requiring that the assignations sending a map to its first and second factors should underlie an interacting comonad -- monad pair on the arrow category .	We provide a comprehensive treatment of the basic theory of AWFS -- -drawing on work of previous authors -- -and complete the theory with two main new results .	The first provides a characterisation of AWFS and their morphisms in terms of their double categories of left or right maps .	The second concerns a notion of cofibrant generation of an AWFS by a small double category ; it states that , over a locally presentable base , any small double category cofibrantly generates an AWFS , and that the AWFS so arising are precisely those with accessible monad and comonad .	Besides the general theory , numerous applications of AWFS are developed , emphasising particularly those aspects which go beyond the non-algebraic situation .
+2	For the ideal gas with massless particles , the interaction measure is zero .	Collective phenomena from RHIC and LHC experiments indicate a strongly coupled quark gluon plasma .	Finite temperature lattice QCD calculations show the interaction measure , $ \Delta\equiv ( \epsilon-3p ) /T^4 $ , is sizeable over a considerable range of temperatures above the deconfinement temperature , which may also indicate that the plasma is strongly interacting .	A nonzero value is probably due to either the interaction or the mass .	In order to see the contribution of the particle mass to the interaction measure , in this paper we study a system without any interactions , i.e. , an ideal gas with massive particles .
+0	We studied 102 star forming regions in seven spiral galaxies ( NGC 628 , NGC 783 , NGC 2336 , NGC 6217 , NGC 6946 , NGC 7331 , and NGC 7678 ) on the basis of complex spectroscopic , photometric ( UBVRI ) and spectrophotometric ( H alpha line ) observations .	Using data on the chemical composition and absorption in HII regions , obtained from spectroscopic observations , and using evolutionary models , we estimated physical parameters ( ages and masses ) of young stellar groupings embedded in HII regions .	We found that the gas extinction , A ( gas ) , which determined from the Balmer decrement , does not correspond in some cases to the absorption A ( stars ) in the young stellar associations ( complexes ) .	This is due to the spatial offset relative HII cloud the stellar group related to him .	It has been found that the condition A ( gas ) = A ( stars ) does not satisfied for the star forming regions , in which : 1 ) the contribution to the total emission of gas in the B and/or V bands is higher than 40 % , and 2 ) EW ( H alpha ) & gt ; 1500A .
+1	We develop a model that predicts the number density of possible target galaxies as a function of exposure time and redshift .	We optimize the design of future spectroscopic redshift surveys for constraining the dark energy via precision measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillations ( BAO ) , with particular emphasis on the design of the Wide-Field Multi-Object Spectrograph ( WFMOS ) .	We use this number counts model together with fitting formulae for the accuracy of the BAO measurements to determine the effectiveness of different surveys and instrument designs .	We search through the available survey parameter space to find the optimal survey with respect to the dark energy equation-of-state parameters according to the Dark Energy Task Force Figure-of-Merit , including predictions of future measurements from the Planck satellite .	We optimize the survey to test the LambdaCDM model , assuming that galaxies are pre-selected using photometric redshifts to have a constant number density with redshift , and using a non-linear cut-off for the matter power spectrum that evolves with redshift .
+0	We investigate whether a correlation exists between the concentration and spin parameters of dark matter haloes forming in LCDM N-body simulations .	In particular , we focus on haloes with virial masses characteristic of the hosts of Low Surface Brightness ( LSB ) and High Surface Brightness ( HSB ) galaxies .	Our analysis demonstrates that concentration and spin are anti-correlated .	If we assume that a galaxy disk forms in one of these haloes from baryons that approximately conserved angular momentum during their dissipation into the rotationally supported disk , then it is possible to estimate the disk 's central surface density .	For an appropriate choice of mass-to-light ratio , we can place constraints on the central surface brightness of the disk and hence identify the analogues of the host haloes of LSB and HSB galaxies .
+0	A free energy functional for a crystal that contains both the symmetry conserved and symmetry broken parts of the direct pair correlation function has been used to investigate the crystallization of fluids in three-dimensions .	The symmetry broken part of the direct pair correlation function has been calculated using a series in ascending powers of the order parameters and which contains three- and higher-bodies direct correlation functions of the isotropic phase .	It is shown that a very accurate description of freezing transitions for a wide class of potentials is found by considering the first two terms of this series .	The results found for freezing parameters including structure of the frozen phase for fluids interacting via the inverse power potential u ( r ) = \epsilon ( \sigma/r ) ^ { n } for n ranging from 4 to \infty are in very good agreement with simulation results .	It is found that for n & gt ; 6.5 the fluid freezes into a face centred cubic ( fcc ) structure while for n \leq 6 the body centred cubic ( bcc ) structure is preferred .
+0	Researchers have proposed various methods to extract 3D keypoints from the surface of 3D mesh models over the last decades , but most of them are based on geometric methods , which lack enough flexibility to meet the requirements for various applications .	In this paper , we propose a new method on the basis of deep learning by formulating the 3D keypoint detection as a regression problem using deep neural network ( DNN ) with sparse autoencoder ( SAE ) as our regression model .	Both local information and global information of a 3D mesh model in multi-scale space are fully utilized to detect whether a vertex is a keypoint or not .	SAE can effectively extract the internal structure of these two kinds of information and formulate high-level features for them , which is beneficial to the regression model .	Three SAEs are used to formulate the hidden layers of the DNN and then a logistic regression layer is trained to process the high-level features produced in the third SAE .
+4	In the A_ { N-1 } ALE models , they actually agree with the vanishing cohomology and the intersection form of the vanishing cycles .	We investigate a noncompact Gepner model , which is composed of a number of SL ( 2 , R ) /U ( 1 ) Kazama-Suzuki models and N=2 minimal models .	The SL ( 2 , R ) /U ( 1 ) Kazama-Suzuki model contains the discrete series among the SL ( 2 , R ) unitary representations as well as the continuous series .	We claim that the discrete series contain the vanishing cohomology and the vanishing cycles of the associated noncompact Calabi-Yau manifold .	We calculate the Elliptic genus and the open string Witten indices .
+4	In sub-nanometre scale technologies , it is inevitable to analysis the heat developed in individual chip to extract the temperature distribution of the entire chip .	In a multiprocessor system on chip ( MPSoC ) IC the processor is one of the highest heat dissipating devices .	The temperature generated in an IC may vary with floor plan of the chip .	This paper proposes an integration and thermal analysis methodology to extract the peak temperature and temperature distribution of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional multiprocessor system-on-chip .	As we know the peak temperature of chip increases in 3-dimensional structures compared to 2-dimensional ones due to the reduced space in intra-layer and inter-layer components .
+3	We prove that inhomogeneous control of qudit ensembles is possible based on a semi-analytic protocol that synthesizes the target through a sequence of alternating rf and microwave-driven SU ( 2 ) rotations in overlapping irreducible subspaces .	We study the ability to control d-dimensional quantum systems ( qudits ) encoded in the hyperfine spin of alkali-metal atoms through the application of radio- and microwave-frequency magnetic fields in the presence of inhomogeneities in amplitude and detuning .	Such a capability is essential to the design of robust pulses that mitigate the effects of experimental uncertainty and also for application to tomographic addressing of particular members of an extended ensemble .	We study the problem of preparing an arbitrary state in the Hilbert space from an initial fiducial state .	Several examples of robust control are studied , and the semi-analytic protocol is compared to a brute force , full numerical search .
+2	We find that most flares operate in the sub-diffusive regime ( $ \beta=0.53\pm0.27 $ ) , which we interpret in terms of anisotropic chain reactions of intermittent magnetic reconnection episodes in a low plasma- $ \beta $ corona .	We explore the spatio-temporal evolution of solar flares by fitting a radial expansion model $ r ( t ) $ that consists of an exponentially growing acceleration phase , followed by a deceleration phase that is parameterized by the generalized diffusion function $ r ( t ) \propto \kappa ( t-t_1 ) ^ { \beta/2 } $ , which includes the logistic growth limit ( $ \beta=0 $ ) , sub-diffusion ( $ \beta = 0-1 $ ) , classical diffusion ( $ \beta=1 $ ) , super-diffusion ( $ \beta = 1-2 $ ) , and the linear expansion limit ( $ \beta=2 $ ) .	We analyze all M and X-class flares observed with GOES and AIA/SDO during the first two years of the SDO mission , amounting to 155 events .	We find a mean propagation speed of $ v=15\pm12 $ km s $ ^ { -1 } $ , with maximum speeds of $ v_ { max } =80 \pm 85 $ km s $ ^ { -1 } $ per flare , which is substantially slower than the sonic speeds expected for thermal diffusion of flare plasmas .	The diffusive characteristics established here ( for the first time for solar flares ) is consistent with the fractal-diffusive self-organized criticality ( FD-SOC ) model , which predicted diffusive transport merely based on cellular automaton simulations .
+1	By solving coupled equations for magnetic energy and magnetic helicity in a system initiated with isotropic turbulence and an arbitrarily helical large scale field , we quantify the decay rate of the latter for a bounded or periodic system .	The extent to which large scale magnetic fields are susceptible to turbulent diffusion is important for interpreting the need for in situ large scale dynamos in astrophysics and for observationally inferring field strengths compared to kinetic energy .	The energy associated with the non-helical magnetic field rapidly decays by turbulent diffusion , but the decay rate of the helical component depends on whether the ratio of its magnetic energy to the turbulent kinetic energy exceeds a critical value given by M_ { 1 , c } = ( k_1/k_2 ) ^2 , where k_1 and k_2 are the wave numbers of the large and forcing scales .	Turbulently diffusing helical fields to small scales while conserving magnetic helicity requires a rapid increase in total magnetic energy .	As such , only when the helical fields are sub-critical can they so diffuse .
+2	Then , we prove that $ M $ is minimal .	We consider a non-negative biminimal properly immersed submanifold $ M $ ( that is , a biminimal properly immersed submanifold with $ \lambda\geq0 $ ) in a complete Riemannian manifold $ N $ with non-positive sectional curvature .	Assume that the sectional curvature $ K^N $ of $ N $ satisfies $ K^N\geq-L ( 1+ { \rm dist } _N ( \cdot , q_0 ) ^2 ) ^ { \frac { \alpha } { 2 } } $ for some $ L & gt ; 0 , $ $ 2 & gt ; \alpha \geq 0 $ and $ q_0\in N $ .	As a corollary , we give that any biharmonic properly immersed submanifold in a hyperbolic space is minimal .	These results give affirmative partial answers to the global version of generalized Chen 's conjecture .
+1	The case of this problem on polygonal obstacles is well studied .	A fundamental problem in computational geometry is to compute an obstacle-avoiding Euclidean shortest path between two points in the plane .	In this paper , we consider the problem version on curved obstacles , commonly modeled as splinegons .	A splinegon can be viewed as replacing each edge of a polygon by a convex curved edge ( polygons are special splinegons ) .	Each curved edge is assumed to be of O ( 1 ) complexity .
+0	We study 6d N= ( 2,0 ) theory of type SU ( N ) compactified on Riemann surfaces with finite area , including spheres with fewer than three punctures .	The Higgs branch , whose metric is inversely proportional to the total area of the Riemann surface , is discussed in detail .	We show that the zero-area limit , which gives us a genuine 4d theory , can involve a Wigner-Inonu contraction of global symmetries of the six-dimensional theory .	We show how this explains why subgroups of SU ( N ) can appear as the gauge group in the 4d limit .	As a by-product we suggest that half-BPS codimension-two defects in the six-dimensional ( 2,0 ) theory have an operator product expansion whose operator product coefficients are four-dimensional field theories .
+0	In many cases , unconventional superconductivity are realized by suppressing another order parameter , such as charge density wave ( CDW ) or spin density wave ( SDW ) .	This suggests that the fluctuations of these order parameters play an important role in producing superconductivity .	LaPt $ _2 $ Ge $ _2 $ undergoes a tetragonal-to-monoclinic structural phase transition ( SPT ) at $ T_ { \rm s } $ = 394 K , accompanying a double period modulation in the $ a $ -axis direction , and superconducts at $ T_ { \rm c } $ = 0.41 K. We performed band calculations and found 2D ( two dimensional ) -like Fermi surfaces with partial nesting .	A reduction in the density of states in the monoclinic phase was found in the calculation and confirmed by $ ^ { 195 } $ Pt-NMR .	We suggest a CDW as a possible cause for the SPT .
+0	HTTP Server is a computer programs that serves webpage content to clients .	A webpage is a document or resource of information that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a computer screen .	This information is usually in HTML format , and may provide navigation to other webpage 's via hypertext links .	WebPages may be retrieved from a local computer or from a remote HTTP Server .	WebPages are requested and served from HTTP Servers using Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ) .
+0	Relative generalized Hamming weights ( RGHWs ) of a linear code respect to a linear subcode determine the security of the linear ramp secret sharing scheme based on the code .	They can be used to express the information leakage of the secret when some keepers of shares are corrupted .	Cyclic codes are an interesting type of linear codes and have wide applications in communication and storage systems .	In this paper , we investigate the RGHWs of cyclic codes with two nonzeros respect to any of its irreducible cyclic subcodes .	Applying the method in the paper [ arxiv.org/abs/1410.2702 ] , we give two formulae for RGHWs of the cyclic codes .
+1	It is shown that if E has an unconditional finite dimensional expansion of the identity , the following assertions are equivalent : ( a ) $ { \mathcal P } ( ^k ! E , F ) = { \mathcal P } _ { wb } ( ^k ! E , F ) $ ; ( b ) $ { \mathcal P } _ { wb } ( ^k ! E , F ) $ contains no copy of $ c_0 $ ; ( c ) $ { \mathcal P } ( ^k ! E , F ) $ contains no copy of $ \ell_\infty $ ; ( d ) $ { \mathcal P } _ { wb } ( ^k ! E , F ) $ is complemented in $ { \mathcal P } ( ^k ! E , F ) $ .	Given Banach spaces E and F , we denote by $ { \mathcal P } ( ^k ! E , F ) $ the space of all k-homogeneous ( continuous ) polynomials from E into F , and by $ { \mathcal P } _ { wb } ( ^k ! E , F ) $ the subspace of polynomials which are weak-to-norm continuous on bounded sets .	This result was obtained by Kalton for linear operators .	As an application , we show that if E has Pe\l czy\'nski 's property ( V ) and satisfies $ { \mathcal P } ( ^k ! E ) = { \mathcal P } _ { wb } ( ^k ! E ) $ then , for all F , every unconditionally converging $ P\in { \mathcal P } ( ^k ! E , F ) $ is weakly compact .	If E has an unconditional finite dimensional expansion of the identity , then the converse is also true .
+1	It is found that the critical transition temperature Tc was not depressed , and the irreversibility field Hirr and hysteresis magnetization were significantly enhanced upon Ag addition .	The effect of Ag addition ( 0-20 wt % ) on polycrystalline Sr0.6K0.4Fe2As2 superconductor has been investigated .	Characterization study reveals that larger grains are observed in the Ag-added samples .	Moreover , the formation of glassy phase as well as amorphous layer , which are present in almost all the grain edges and boundaries in pure samples , are suppressed by Ag addition .	The improvement of superconducting properties in Ag-added samples may originate from the enlargement of grains as well as better connections between grains
+4	The description of the isotropic behavior requires only one type of renormalization group transformation .	New field theoretic renormalization group methods are developed to describe in a unified fashion the critical exponents of an m-fold Lifshitz point at the two-loop order in the anisotropic ( m not equal to d ) and isotropic ( m=d close to 8 ) situations .	The general theory is illustrated for the N-vector phi^4 model describing a d-dimensional system .	A new regularization and renormalization procedure is presented for both types of Lifshitz behavior .	The anisotropic cases are formulated with two independent renormalization group transformations .
+4	The obtained exponents satisfy the scaling relations beta=alpha*nu_|| , beta'=delta*nu_|| , and the generalized hyperscaling relation Theta+alpha+delta=d/z , where the dynamical exponent z is , however , used instead of the spreading exponent z ' .	We examine the critical behaviour of a lattice model of tumor growth where supplied nutrients are correlated with the distribution of tumor cells .	Our results support the previous report ( Ferreira et al. , Phys.Rev .	E 85 , 010901 ( 2012 ) ) , which suggested that the critical behaviour of the model differs from the expected Directed Percolation ( DP ) universality class .	Surprisingly , only some of the critical exponents ( beta , alpha , nu_perp , and z ) take non-DP values while some others ( beta ' , nu_|| , and spreading-dynamics exponents Theta , delta , z ' ) remain very close to their DP counterparts .
+4	Along with previous efforts , this highlights the connection between widely observed allometric relationships and predictive ecology .	In the face of uncertain biological response to climate change and the many critiques concerning model complexity it is increasingly important to develop predictive mechanistic frameworks that capture the dominant features of ecological communities and their dependencies on environmental factors .	This is particularly important for critical global processes such as biomass changes , carbon export , and biogenic climate feedback .	Past efforts have successfully understood a broad spectrum of plant and community traits across a range of biological diversity and body size , including tree size distributions and maximum tree height , from mechanical , hydrodynamic , and resource constraints .	Recently it was shown that global scaling relationships for net primary productivity are correlated with local meteorology and the overall biomass density within a forest .
+0	The problem of motif detection can be formulated as the construction of a discriminant function to separate sequences of a specific pattern from background .	In computational biology , motif detection is used to predict DNA binding sites of a transcription factor ( TF ) , mostly based on the weight matrix ( WM ) model or the Gibbs free energy ( FE ) model .	However , despite the wide applications , theoretical analysis of these two models and their predictions is still lacking .	We derive asymptotic error rates of prediction procedures based on these models under different data generation assumptions .	This allows a theoretical comparison between the WM-based and the FE-based predictions in terms of asymptotic efficiency .
+0	We use a recently-developed analytic model for the ISM structure from scales of GMCs through star-forming cores to explore how the pre-stellar core mass function ( CMF ) and , by extrapolation , stellar initial mass function ( IMF ) should depend on both local and galactic properties .	If the ISM is supersonically turbulent , the statistical properties of the density field follow from the turbulent velocity spectrum , and the excursion set formalism can be applied to analytically calculate the mass function of collapsing cores on the smallest scales on which they are self-gravitating ( non-fragmenting ) .	Two parameters determine the model : the disk-scale Mach number M_h ( which sets the shape of the CMF ) , and the absolute velocity ( to assign an absolute scale ) .	For 'normal ' variation in disk properties and core gas temperatures in the MW and local galaxies , there is almost no variation in the predicted high-mass behavior of the CMF/IMF .	The slope is always close to Salpeter down to & lt ; 1 M_sun .
+2	A number of new ( non-additive ) binary codes are obtained , including two new 7-bit codes and a large family of new 9-bit codes .	A permutationally invariant n-bit code for quantum error correction can be realized as a subspace stabilized by the non-Abelian group S_n .	The code corresponds to bases for the trivial representation , and all other irreducible representations , both those of higher dimension and orthogonal bases for the trivial representation , are available for error correction .	It is shown that the degeneracy arising from permutational symmetry facilitates the correction of certain types of two-bit errors .	The correction of two-bit errors of the same type is considered in detail , but is shown not to be compatible with single-bit error correction using 9-bit codes .
+2	By introducing an `` elastic pressure '' we first present a reformulation of the original model , and then propose a time-stepping scheme which decouples the PDE system at each time step into two sub-problems , one of which is a generalized Stokes problem for the displacement vector field and another is a diffusion problem for a `` pseudo-pressure '' field .	The goal of this paper is to develop and analyze some fully discrete finite element methods for a displacement-pressure model modeling swelling dynamics of polymer gels under mechanical constraints .	In the model , the swelling dynamics is governed by the solvent permeation and the elastic interaction ; the permeation is described by a pressure equation for the solvent , and the elastic interaction is described by displacement equations for the solid network of the gel .	To make such a multiphysical approach feasible , it is vital to discover admissible constraints to resolve the uniqueness issue for both sub-problems .	The main advantage of the proposed approach is that it allows one to utilize any convergent Stokes solver together with any convergent diffusion equation solver to solve the polymer gel model .
+3	Critical fields at various field-induced transitions are determined accurately .	By means of the recently developed algorithm based on the tensor product states , the magnetization process of frustrated spin-1/2 spin-dimer models on a square lattice is investigated .	Various field-induced quantum phases are discovered .	In particular , clear evidence of a supersolid phase over a finite regime of magnetic field is observed .	Our work not only implies that the employed numerical technique can be an efficient algorithm even for the frustrated spin systems , but also shed light on the search of the supersolid phase in real frustrated spin-dimer compounds .
+1	The domains may have no self-symmetric outlet ( V-type domain ) , one self-symmetric outlet ( Y-type domain ) or two self-symmetric outlets ( I-type domain ) .	In this paper we study the nonhomongeneous boundary value problem for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensional symmetric domains with finitely many outlets to infinity .	We construct a symmetric solenoidal extension of the boundary value satisfying the Leray-Hopf inequality .	After having such an extension , the nonhomogeneous boundary value problem is reduced to homogeneous one and the existence of at least one weak solution follows .	Notice that we do not impose any restrictions on the size of the fluxes over the inner and outer boundaries .
+3	We argue that this regime is far from current capabilities .	The staggered fermion determinant is complex when the quark chemical potential mu is nonzero .	Its fourth root , used in simulations with dynamical fermions , will have phase ambiguities that become acute when Re mu is sufficiently large .	We show how to resolve these ambiguities , but our prescription only works very close to the continuum limit .	Other procedures require being even closer to the continuum limit , or fail altogether , because of unphysical discontinuities in the measure .
+3	In this article , we present our approach to complement this default calibration scheme , to perform the final steps of data reduction , and to produce fully calibrated AMBER data products .	The amdlib AMBER data reduction software is meant to produce AMBER data products from the raw data files that are sent to the PIs of different proposals or that can be found in the ESO data archive .	The way defined by ESO to calibrate the data is to calibrate one science data file with a calibration one , observed as close in time as possible .	Therefore , this scheme does not take into account instrumental drifts , atmospheric variations or visibility-loss corrections , in the current AMBER data processing software , amdlib .	These additional steps include : an overnight view of the data structure and data quality , the production of night transfer functions from the calibration stars observed during the night , the correction of additional effects not taken into account in the standard AMBER data reduction software such as the so-called `` jitter '' effect and the visibility spectral coherence loss , and finally , the production of fully calibrated data products .
+3	A principal nilpotent pair is a double counterpart of a regular nilpotent element .	Recently , V.Ginzburg introduced and studied in depth the notion of a principal nilpotent pair in a semisimple Lie algebra \g .	Our aim is to contribute to the general theory of nilpotent pairs .	Roughly speaking , a nilpotent pair ( e_1 , e_2 ) consists of two commuting elements in \g that can independently be contracted to the origin .	Consequently , the theory of nilpotent pairs should stand out as double counterpart of the theory of nilpotent orbits .
+4	We also apply the theory to discrete optimal control problems , and recover some well-known results , such as the Bellman equation ( discrete-time HJB equation ) of dynamic programming and its relation to the costate variable in the Pontryagin maximum principle .	We develop a discrete analogue of Hamilton-Jacobi theory in the framework of discrete Hamiltonian mechanics .	The resulting discrete Hamilton-Jacobi equation is discrete only in time .	We describe a discrete analogue of Jacobi 's solution and also prove a discrete version of the geometric Hamilton-Jacobi theorem .	The theory applied to discrete linear Hamiltonian systems yields the discrete Riccati equation as a special case of the discrete Hamilton-Jacobi equation .
+1	2007 ) as they relate to the topic of pre-SN mass loss .	We discuss the findings of a comprehensive imaging and spectroscopic survey of the optical emission associated with the supernova remnant 3C 58 ( Fesen et al .	Spectroscopically measured radial velocities of ~450 emission knots within the remnant show two distinct kinematic populations of optical knots : a high-velocity group with radial velocities in the range of 700 - 1100 km/s and a lower velocity group exhibiting radial expansion velocities below ~250 km/s .	We interpret the high-velocity knots as ejecta from the SN explosion and the low-velocity knots as shocked circumstellar material likely resulting from pre-SN mass loss .	The chemical signatures of the two populations also show marked differences .
+2	Makarenko , S. Odintsov , G.J .	We study accelerating dynamics from Born-Infeld- $ f ( R ) $ gravity in a simplified conformal approach without matter .	In our work ( A.N .	Olmo , Phys.Lett .	B734 ( 2014 ) 36 , [ arXiv:1403.2850 ] ) it was derived eventually any Dark Energy cosmology from above theory .
+1	A `` general tetrad field '' , with an arbitrary function of radial coordinate preserving spherical symmetry is provided .	We regularized the field equations of $ f ( T ) $ gravity theories such that the effect of Local Lorentz Transformation ( LLT ) , in the case of spherical symmetry , is removed .	We split that tetrad field into two matrices ; the first represents a LLT , which contains an arbitrary function , the second matrix represents a proper tetrad field which is a solution to the field equations of $ f ( T ) $ gravitational theory , ( which are not invariant under LLT ) .	This `` general tetrad field '' is then applied to the regularized field equations of $ f ( T ) $ .	We show that the effect of the arbitrary function which is involved in the LLT invariably disappears .
+2	New results for the necessary continuum and line emission coefficients are presented calculated with kappa-distributed energies .	The continuum spectrum of the planetary nebula Hf 2-2 close to the Balmer discontinuity is modeled in the context of the long standing problem of the abundance and temperature discrepancy found when analyzing optical recombination lines and collisionally excited forbidden lines in nebulae .	Models are constructed using single and double Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions as well as kappa-distributions for the energies of the free electrons .	The best fit to the observed continuum spectrum is found to be a model comprising two components with dramatically different temperatures and with a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of electron energies .	On the basis of a chi-squared analysis , this model is strongly favored over a model with kappa-distributed electron energies .
+2	We also include LEP-II-constraints on the chargino mass parameters .	We correct a numerical error which led to an overestimate of the baryon asymmetry from supersymmetric electroweak baryogenesis in our paper JHEP07 ( 2000 ) 018 .	Updated dependences of the baryon asymmetry on chargino mass parameters and the bubble wall velocity are shown .	Combined with our corrected results for the baryon asymmetry these constraints imply that the phase in the chargino mass matrix must violate CP nearly maximally in order to generate a large enough baryon asymmetry .	A number of other typographical errors are also corrected .
+1	First , we calculate the conserved and thermodynamic quantities of ( $ n+1 $ ) -dimensional asymptotically flat solutions and show that they satisfy the first law of thermodynamics .	In this paper , we obtain higher dimensional topological black hole solutions of Einstein- $ \Lambda $ gravity in the presence of a class of nonlinear electrodynamics .	Also , we investigate the stability of these solutions in the ( grand ) canonical ensemble .	Second , we endow a global rotation to the static Ricci-flat solutions and calculate the conserved quantities of solutions by using the counterterm method .	We obtain a Smarr-type formula for the mass as a function of the entropy , the angular momenta and the electric charge , and show that these quantities satisfy the first law of thermodynamics .
+2	Our simulations show that the interfacial strength saturates at the bulk shear strength much before polymers diffuse by their radius of gyration .	Large-scale simulations of thermal welding of polymers are performed to investigate the rise of mechanical strength at the polymer-polymer interface with the welding time .	The welding process is in the core of integrating polymeric elements into devices as well as in thermal induced healing of polymers ; processes that require development of interfacial strength equal to that of the bulk .	Along with the strength increase , the dominant failure mode changes from chain pullout at the interface to chain scission as in the bulk .	Formation of sufficient entanglements across the interface , which we track using a Primitive Path Analysis is required to arrest catastrophic chain pullout at the interface .
+2	The Maximum Entropy method offers a path to obtain the spectral function of a particle correlation function directly .	According to the Narnhofer Thirring Theorem interacting systems at finite temperature can not be described by particles with a sharp dispersion law .	It is therefore mandatory to develop new methods to extract particle masses at finite temperature .	We have implemented the method and tested it with zero temperature Upsilon correlation functions obtained from an NRQCD simulation .	Results for different smearing functions are discussed .
+4	The TNE model predicts that large-scale brightenings will occur in the SDO/AIA 171\AA\ bandpass near the prominence that are associated with the cooling phase of condensation formation .	A prevalent but untested paradigm is often used to describe the prominence-cavity system : the cavity is under-dense because it is evacuated by supplying mass to the condensed prominence .	The thermal non-equilibrium ( TNE ) model of prominence formation offers a theoretical framework to predict the thermodynamic evolution of the prominence and the surrounding corona .	We examine the evidence for a prominence-cavity connection by comparing the TNE model with diagnostics of dynamic extreme ultraviolet emission ( EUV ) surrounding the prominence , specifically prominence horns .	Horns are correlated extensions of prominence plasma and coronal plasma which appear to connect the prominence and cavity .
+0	Let $ I $ be an infinite set , $ \ { G_i : i\in I\ } $ be a family of ( topological ) groups and $ G=\prod_ { i\in I } G_i $ be its direct product .	For $ J\subseteq I $ , $ p_ { J } : G\to \prod_ { j\in J } G_j $ denotes the projection .	We say that a subgroup $ H $ of $ G $ is : ( i ) \emph { uniformly controllable } in $ G $ provided that for every finite set $ J\subseteq I $ there exists a finite set $ K\subseteq I $ such that $ p_ { J } ( H ) =p_ { J } ( H\cap\bigoplus_ { i\in K } G_i ) $ ; ( ii ) \emph { controllable } in $ G $ provided that $ p_ { J } ( H ) =p_ { J } ( H\cap\bigoplus_ { i\in I } G_i ) $ for every finite set $ J\subseteq I $ ; ( iii ) \emph { weakly controllable } in $ G $ if $ H\cap \bigoplus_ { i\in I } G_i $ is dense in $ H $ , when $ G $ is equipped with the Tychonoff product topology .	One easily proves that ( i ) $ \to $ ( ii ) $ \to $ ( iii ) .	We thoroughly investigate the question as to when these two arrows can be reversed .
+0	We have investigated the angular correlation in the recent CMB data .	In addition to the known large-angle correlation anomaly , we find the lack of correlation at small angles with high statistical significance .	We have investigated various non-cosmological contamination and additionally WMAP team 's simulated data .	However , we have not found a definite cause .	In the angular power spectrum of WMAP data , there exist anomalous odd-parity preference at low multipoles .
+3	Moreover , a new simple approach for the inversion of the linearized operators required by the Nash-Moser scheme is developed .	We prove existence of small amplitude , $ 2\pi \slash \om $ -periodic in time solutions of completely resonant nonlinear wave equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions , for any frequency $ \om $ belonging to a Cantor-like set of positive measure and for a new set of nonlinearities .	The proof relies on a suitable Lyapunov-Schmidt decomposition and a variant of the Nash-Moser Implicit Function Theorem .	In spite of the complete resonance of the equation we show that we can still reduce the problem to a { \it finite } dimensional bifurcation equation .	It allows to deal also with nonlinearities which are not odd and with finite spatial regularity .
+1	We perform a systematic scan of models with four a priori left-right asymmetric Z_2 projections and shifts .	We discuss non-geometric supersymmetric heterotic string models in D=4 , in the framework of the free fermionic construction .	We analyze some 2^ { 20 } models , identifying 18 inequivalent classes and addressing variants generated by discrete torsions .	They do not contain geometrical or trivial neutral moduli , apart from the dilaton .	However , we show the existence of flat directions in the form of exactly marginal deformations and identify patterns of symmetry breaking where product gauge groups , realized at level one , are broken to their diagonal at higher level .
+1	At first , we focus our attention on the accuracy of calculated lattice constants in order to find out DFT approaches that best represent the crystalline structure of SrRuO3 , since many important physical quantities crucially depend on change in volume .	We present a first-principles investigation of structural and elastic properties of experimentally observed phases of bulk SrRuO3 - namely orthorhombic , tetragonal , and cubic - by applying density functional theory ( DFT ) approximations .	Next , we evaluate single-crystal elastic constants , mechanical stability , and macroscopic elastic parameters trying to at least partially compensate for the existing lack of information about these fundamental features of SrRuO3 .	Finally , we analyze the anomalous behavior of low-temperature orthorhombic phase under C44 related shear deformation .	It turns out that at critical strain values the system exhibits a distinct deviation from the initial behavior which results in an isosymmetric phase transition .
+1	The DSL governs geodesics in the space of positive graph Lagrangians in $ \mathbb { C } ^n. $ Existence of geodesics in the space of positive Lagrangians is an important step in a program for proving existence and uniqueness of special Lagrangians .	This article introduces the degenerate special Lagrangian equation ( DSL ) and develops the basic analytic tools to construct and study its solutions .	Moreover , it would imply certain cases of the strong Arnold conjecture from Hamiltonian dynamics .	We show the DSL is degenerate elliptic .	We introduce a space-time Lagrangian angle for one-parameter families of graph Lagrangians , and construct its regularized lift .
+0	We study the influence of intracluster large scale magnetic fields on the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich ( SZ ) effect .	In a macroscopic approach we complete the hydrostatic equilibrium equation with the magnetic field pressure component .	Comparing the resulting mass distribution with a standard one , we derive a new electron density profile .	For a spherically symmetric cluster model , this new profile can be written as the product of a standard ( $ \beta $ - ) profile and a radius dependent function , close to unity , which takes into account the magnetic field strength .	For non-cooling flow clusters we find that the observed magnetic field values can reduce the SZ signal by $ \sim 10 % $ with respect to the value estimated from X-ray observations and the $ \beta $ -model .
+4	This makes a connection in certain cases between the different methods that have been used to study jet stopping with AdS/CFT and gives a specific example of a precise N=4 SYM problem that generates such strings in the gravity description .	Previous work has shown that the standard supergravity approximation can break down when using AdS/CFT duality to study certain top-down formulations of the jet stopping problem in strongly-coupled N=4 super-Yang-Mills ( SYM ) plasmas , depending on the virtuality of the source of the `` jet . ''	In this paper , we identify the nature of this breakdown : High-momentum gravitons in the gravitational dual get stretched into relatively large classical string loops by tidal forces associated with the black brane .	These stringy excitations of the graviton are not contained in the supergravity approximation , but we show that the jet stopping problem can nonetheless still be solved by drawing on various string-theory methods ( the eikonal approximation , the Penrose limit , string quantization in pp-wave backgrounds ) to obtain a probability distribution for the late-time classical string loops .	In extreme cases , we find that the gravitons are stretched into very long folded strings which are qualitatively similar to the folded classical strings originally used by Gubser , Gulotta , Pufu and Rocha to model the jet stopping problem .
+1	The network is modeled within the random graph theory of Erdos and Renyi .	We consider the average probability X of being informed on a gossip in a given social network .	In this theory , a network is characterized by two parameters : the size N and the link probability p. Our experimental data suggest three levels of social inclusion of friendship .	The critical value p_c , for which half of agents are informed , scales with the system size as N^ { -\gamma } with \gamma\approx 0.68 .	Computer simulations show that the probability X varies with p as a sigmoidal curve .
+4	Finally , we use cohomological methods to find , for each rational model , an explicit description of its twists .	In this paper we classify curves of genus two over a perfect field k of characteristic two .	We find rational models of curves with a given arithmetic structure for the ramification divisor and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for two models of the same type to be k-isomorphic .	As a consequence , we obtain an explicit formula for the number of k-isomorphism classes of curves of genus two over a finite field .	Moreover , we prove that the field of moduli of any curve coincides with its field of definition , by exhibiting rational models of curves with any prescribed value of their Igusa invariants .
+2	For $ r_s \to 0 $ , our solutions approach pure spin-density waves , whereas the commensurate Wigner crystal is favored at lower densities , $ r_s & gt ; 3.4 $ .	We calculate the ground state phase diagram of the homogeneous electron gas in three dimensions within the Hartree-Fock approximation and show that broken symmetry states are energetically favored at any density against the homogeneous Fermi gas state with isotropic Fermi surface .	At high density , we find metallic spin-unpolarized solutions where electronic charge and spin density form an incommensurate crystal having more crystal sites than electrons .	Decreasing the density , the system undergoes several structural phase transitions with different lattice symmetries .	The polarization transition occurs around $ r_s \approx 8.5 $ .
+4	CP-violating wall profiles are studied and it is shown that the respective symmetry properties of the CP-conserving and CP-violating profile functions plays an important role on the size of the CP asymmetry .	We study the high energy behaviour of fermions hitting a general wall caused by a first-order phase transition .	The wall profile is introduced through general analytic and non-analytic functions .	The reflection coefficient is computed in the high energy limit and its connection with the analytic properties of the wall profile function is shown .	The high energy behaviour of the fermions hitting the wall is determined either by the leading singularity , i.e.the closest pole to the real axis , when the profile function is analytic , or by the first non-continuous derivative on the real axis , in the non-analytic case .
+0	Interference is a major performance bottleneck in Heterogeneous Network ( HetNet ) due to its multi-tier topological structure .	We propose almost blank resource block ( ABRB ) for interference control in HetNet .	When an ABRB is scheduled in a macro BS , a resource block ( RB ) with blank payload is transmitted and this eliminates the interference from this macro BS to the pico BSs .	We study a two timescale hierarchical radio resource management ( RRM ) scheme for HetNet with dynamic ABRB control .	The long term controls , such as dynamic ABRB , are adaptive to the large scale fading at a RRM server for co-Tier and cross-Tier interference control .
+4	This slope favors a SMC-like UV extinction curve , though the interpretation is model dependent .	We use the infrared excess ( IRX ) FIR/UV luminosity ratio to study the relation between the effective UV attenuation ( A_IRX ) and the UV spectral slope ( beta ) in a sample of 450 1 & lt ; z & lt ; 2.5 galaxies .	The FIR data is from very deep Herschel observations in the GOODS fields that allow us to detect galaxies with SFRs typical of galaxies with log ( M ) & gt ; 9.3 .	Thus , we are able to study galaxies on and even below the main SFR-stellar mass relation ( main sequence ) .	We find that main sequence galaxies form a tight sequence in the IRX -- beta plane , which has a flatter slope than commonly used relations .
+1	Most of them escaped detection in optical or shallow IR surveys in the eighties contributing to the puzzling missing number of AGB stars with respect to theoretical predictions and former stages of evolution .	AGB stars are ideal IR targets because they are cool and bright .	Observations and AGB models have advanced steadily in the following decades providing us with an almost complete view of the AGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds .	Their properties are tracers of structure and chemistry across galaxies .	New surveys will be able to fill-in the gaps , in terms of sensitivity and monitoring , providing new constraints for the formation and evolution of the Magellanic Clouds .
+2	Secondly , we consider a number of SUSY models : the general MSSM , a flavour blind MSSM , the MSSM with Minimal Flavour Violation as well as SUSY flavour models based on abelian and non-abelian flavour symmetries that show representative flavour structures in the soft SUSY breaking terms .	We perform an extensive study of FCNC and CP Violation within Supersymmetric ( SUSY ) theories with particular emphasis put on processes governed by b- & gt ; s transitions and of their correlations with processes governed by b- & gt ; d transitions , s- & gt ; d transitions , $ D^0-\bar D^0 $ oscillations , lepton flavour violating decays , electric dipole moments and ( g-2 ) _mu .	We first perform a comprehensive model-independent analysis of Delta F=2 observables and we emphasize the usefulness of the R_b-gamma plane in exhibiting transparently various tensions in the present UT analyses .	We show how the characteristic patterns of correlations among the considered flavour observables allow to distinguish between these different SUSY scenarios .	Of particular importance are the correlations between the CP asymmetry S_psi phi and B_s- & gt ; mu^+\mu^- , between the anomalies in S_phi K_S and S_psi phi , between S_phi K_S and d_e , between S_psi phi and ( g-2 ) _mu and also those involving lepton flavour violating decays .
+3	We present a new theoretical model for astrophysical disk accretion which considers enhanced vertical transport of momentum and energy by MHD winds and jets , as well as transport resulting from MHD turbulence .	Astrophysical accretion is arguably the most prevalent physical process in the Universe ; it occurs during the birth and death of individual stars and plays a pivotal role in the evolution of entire galaxies .	Accretion onto a black hole , in particular , is also the most efficient mechanism known in nature , converting up to 40 % of accreting rest mass energy into spectacular forms such as high-energy ( X-ray and gamma-ray ) emission and relativistic jets .	Whilst magnetic fields are thought to be ultimately responsible for these phenomena , our understanding of the microphysics of MHD turbulence in accretion flows as well as large-scale MHD outflows remains far from complete .	We also describe new global , 3D simulations that we are currently developing to investigate the extent to which non-ideal MHD effects may explain how small-scale , turbulent fields ( generated by the magnetorotational instability -- MRI ) might evolve into large-scale , ordered fields that produce a magnetized corona and/or jets where the highest energy phenomena necessarily originate .
+1	It has been rigourously proved that the motion of a vortex in the associated velocity field can induce chaos in these trajectories , and numerical studies have explored the rich variety of behaviors that due to their influence can be observed .	Vortices are known to play a key role in the dynamics of the quantum trajectories defined within the framework of the de Broglie-Bohm formalism of quantum mechanics .	In this paper , we go one step further and show how the theory of dynamical systems can be used to construct a general and systematic classification of such dynamical behaviors .	This should contribute to establish some firm grounds on which the studies on the intrinsic stochasticity of Bohm 's quantum trajectories can be based .	An application to the two dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator is presented as an illustration .
+2	Rewriting the Lagrange problem in a parametric form , we obtain a relation between the applicability conditions of the Pontryagin maximum principle to the later problem and the Lipschitzian regularity conditions for the original problem .	We consider the Lagrange problem of optimal control with unrestricted controls and address the question : under what conditions we can assure optimal controls are bounded ?	This question is related to the one of Lipschitzian regularity of optimal trajectories , and the answer to it is crucial for closing the gap between the conditions arising in the existence theory and necessary optimality conditions .	Under the standard hypotheses of coercivity of the existence theory , the conditions imply that the optimal controls are essentially bounded , assuring the applicability of the classical necessary optimality conditions like the Pontryagin maximum principle .	The result extends previous Lipschitzian regularity results to cover optimal control problems with general nonlinear dynamics .
+3	Symmetry term coefficients , deduced within the statistical description of isotopic scaling , are near gamma = 25 MeV for peripheral and gamma & lt ; 15 MeV for central collisions .	Isoscaling and its relation to the symmetry energy in the fragmentation of excited residues produced at relativistic energies were studied in two experiments conducted at the GSI laboratory .	The INDRA multidetector has been used to detect and identify light particles and fragments with Z & lt ; = 5 in collisions of 12C on 112,124Sn at incident energies of 300 and 600 MeV per nucleon .	Isoscaling is observed , and the deduced parameters decrease with increasing centrality .	In a very recent experiment with the ALADIN spectrometer , the possibility of using secondary beams for reaction studies at relativistic energies has been explored .
+1	Quantum geometry here is to be understood as a quantum deformed version of rigid special geometry , which has its origin in the quantum mechanical behaviour of branes in the topological string B-model .	We use mirror symmetry , quantum geometry and modularity properties of elliptic curves to calculate the refined free energies in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit on non-compact toric Calabi-Yau manifolds , based on del Pezzo surfaces .	We will argue that , in the Seiberg-Witten picture , only the Coulomb parameters lead to quantum corrections , while the mass parameters remain uncorrected .	In certain cases we will also compute the expansion of the free energies at the orbifold point and the conifold locus .	We will compute the quantum corrections order by order on $ \hbar $ , by deriving second order differential operators , which act on the classical periods .
+1	This can potentially explain the appearance of spontaneous rhythmic contractions in the pregnant uterus close to term .	Coherent oscillatory activity can arise spontaneously as a result of increased coupling in a system of excitable and passive cells , each being quiescent in isolation .	We investigate the transition to periodic activity using a model system comprising a lattice of excitable cells , each being coupled to a variable number of passive cells whose distribution defines a quenched realization ( replica ) of spatial disorder .	Close to the transition between quiescent state and sustained oscillations in the system we observe large fluctuations between different replicas induced by variations in the local density of passive cells around an excitable cell .	We demonstrate that the disorder-induced fluctuations can be described in terms of a simple scaling relation which involves the strength of coupling between excitable cells , the mean passive cell density , as well as the logarithm of the system size .
+0	We present results of correlation studies , examining the association between the peak of the nu F_nu spectrum of gamma ray bursts , E_p , with the burst 's energy fluence and photon peak flux .	We discuss methods to account for data truncation in E_p and fluence or flux when performing the correlation analyses .	However , because bursts near the detector threshold are not usually able to provide reliable spectral parameters , we focus on results for the brightest bursts in which we can better understand the selection effects relevant to E_p and burst strength .	We find that there is a strong correlation between total fluence and E_p .	We discuss these results in terms of both cosmological and intrinsic effects .
+3	We employ a homodyne measurement for erasing of the information .	We reverse a quantum nondemolition ( QND ) interaction and restore the signal quantum state by measurement and feedforward .	This operation corresponds to quantum erasing for continuous variables ( CVs ) .	CV quantum eraser restores the coherence of the signal quantum state by erasing the signal information leaking to another system , where the information leaking is induced by the QND interaction .	Then , by performing a feedforward displacement operation , we restore the initial quantum state together with its coherence .
+2	The influence of motility on viscosities of cell suspensions is studied using a novel acoustically-driven microfluidic capillary-breakup extensional rheometer .	Suspensions of motile cells are model systems for understanding the unique mechanical properties of living materials which often consist of ensembles of self-propelled particles .	We present here a quantitative comparison of theory against experiment for the rheology of such suspensions .	Motility increases the extensional viscosity of suspensions of algal pullers , but decreases it in the case of bacterial or sperm pushers .	A recent model [ Saintillan , Phys.Rev .
+1	Near-IR variability surveys of young stellar objects ( YSOs ) can probe stellar and circumstellar environments and provide information about the dynamics of the on going magnetic and accretion processes .	Variability is a common characteristic of pre-main-sequence stars ( PMS ) .	Furthermore , variability can be used as a tool to uncover new cluster members in star formation regions .	We hope to achieve the deepest near-IR variability study of YSOs targeting the Rho Ophiuchi cluster .	Fourteen epochs of observations were obtained with the Wide Field Camera ( WFCAM ) at the UKIRT telescope scheduled in a manner that allowed the study of variability on timescales of days , months , and years .
+3	In some cases , abductive inference can be performed with exact algorithms using distributed network computations but it is an NP-hard problem and complexity increases drastically with the presence of undirected cycles , number of discrete states per variable , and number of variables in the network .	Bayesian belief networks can be used to represent and to reason about complex systems with uncertain , incomplete and conflicting information .	Belief networks are graphs encoding and quantifying probabilistic dependence and conditional independence among variables .	One type of reasoning of interest in diagnosis is called abductive inference ( determination of the global most probable system description given the values of any partial subset of variables ) .	This paper describes an approximate method based on genetic algorithms to perform abductive inference in large , multiply connected networks for which complexity is a concern when using most exact methods and for which systematic search methods are not feasible .
+2	This paper presents a process that allows to systematically derive a textual domainspecific transformation language from the grammar of a given textual modeling language .	Model transformations are helpful to evolve , refactor , refine and maintain models .	While domain-specific languages are normally intuitive for modelers , common model transformation approaches ( regardless of whether they transform graphical or textual models ) are based on the modeling language 's abstract syntax requiring the modeler to learn the internal representation of the model to describe transformations .	As example , we apply this systematic derivation to UML class diagrams to obtain a domain-specific transformation language called CDTrans .	CDTrans incorporates the concrete syntax of class diagrams which is already familiar to the modeler and extends it with a few transformation operators .
+4	When $ Rh $ is decreased , the condensate becomes unstable and a regime with random reversals between two large scale circulations of opposite signs is generated .	We present direct numerical simulations of the different two-dimensional flow regimes generated by a constant spatially periodic forcing balanced by viscous dissipation and large scale drag with a dimensionless damping rate $ 1/Rh $ .	The linear response to the forcing is a $ 6\times6 $ square array of counter-rotating vortices , which is stable when the Reynolds number $ Re $ or $ Rh $ are small .	After identifying the sequence of bifurcations that lead to a spatially and temporally chaotic regime of the flow when $ Re $ and $ Rh $ are increased , we study the transitions between the different turbulent regimes observed for large $ Re $ by varying $ Rh $ .	A large scale circulation at the box size ( the condensate state ) is the dominant mode in the limit of vanishing large scale drag ( $ Rh $ large ) .
+4	The energetic spectrum of a harmonic oscillator is obtained from this fact within classical physics which coincides with the quantum result .	The idea about a quantum nature of Planck 's blackbody radiation law is deeply rooted in minds of most physicists .	Einstein 's work , in which the coefficients of spontaneous and induced emission were introduced , has always been regarded as a proof that quantum energy discreteness of an atom plays a crucial role in the derivation of this law .	In our paper we avoid this standpoint .	It may be shown that the de Broglie wave assigned to every material particle is a result of interaction of the particle with zero-point vibrations of electromagnetic ground field .
+0	The spin-down power of the white dwarf in the close binary AE Aquarii significantly exceeds the bolometric luminosity of the system .	The interpretation of this phenomenon in terms of the gravitational-wave emitter mechanism has been recently suggested by Choi & amp ; Yi .	The basic assumption of their interpretation is that the spatially limited blobs or mounds of the mass \delta m ~ 10^ { -3 } M_sun , are present at the magnetic poles of the white dwarf .	We show that the mounds of this mass can be confined by the magnetic field of the white dwarf only if the dipole magnetic moment of the star exceeds 4x10^ { 37 } G cm^3 .	Under these conditions , however , the magnetodipole losses of the white dwarf would exceed the evaluated spin-down power 6 orders of magnitude .
+0	This is a set of lecture notes based on the lectures on the formation and evolution of galaxies which were given by S. White at Les Houches in August 1993 .	This postscript file does not contain the 16 figures .	A version containing these figures can be obtained by writing to : Fr .	C. Rickl , MPI fuer Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschildstr .	1 , 85740 Garching , Germany ( car @ mpa-garching.mpg.de ) .
+3	Furthermore , the infinitely divisible Wishart distributions are revealed as suitable transformations and embeddings of one dimensional gamma distributions .	A complete characterization of Wishart distributions on the cones of positive semi-definite matrices is provided in terms of a description of their maximal parameter domain .	This result is new in that also degenerate scale parameters are included .	For such cases , the standard constraints on the range of the shape parameter may be relaxed .	This note completes the findings of L\'evy ( 1937 ) concerning infinite divisibility and Gindikin ( 1975 ) regarding the existence issue .
+1	We present here a detailed analysis on the relevance of the ergoregion instability for the viability of gravastars .	The ergoregion instability is known to affect very compact objects that rotate very rapidly and do not possess a horizon .	Expanding on some recent results , we show that not all rotating gravastars are unstable .	Rather , stable models can be constructed also with J/M^2 ~ 1 , where J and M are the angular momentum and mass of the gravastar , respectively .	The genesis of gravastars is still highly speculative and fundamentally unclear if not dubious .
+1	Examples include hyperbolic 3-manifolds of every possible homological type .	This paper investigates certain foliations of three-manifolds that are hybrids of fibrations over the circle with foliated circle bundles over surfaces : a 3-manifold slithers around the circle when its universal cover fibers over the circle so that deck transformations are bundle automorphisms .	We show that all such foliations admit transverse pseudo-Anosov flows , and that in the universal cover of the hyperbolic cases , the leaves limit to sphere-filling Peano curves .	The skew R-covered Anosov foliations of Sergio Fenley are examples .	We hope later to use this structure for geometrization of slithered 3-manifolds .
+4	Comparision of the total bulk emissivities with total brane emissivities indicates that the effect of the field spin makes the bulk emission to be rapidly dominant with increasing $ n $ .	The emission spectra for the spin-1 photon fields are computed when the spacetime is a $ ( 4+n ) $ -dimensional Schwarzschild phase .	For the case of the bulk emission we compute the spectra for the vector mode and scalar mode separately .	Although the emissivities for the scalar mode is larger than those for the vector mode when $ n $ is small , the emissivities for the vector mode photon become dominant rapidly with increasing $ n $ .	For the case of the brane emission the emission spectra are numerically computed by making use of the complex potential method .
+2	We demonstrate the existence of the intermediate superfluid state where the condensate and localized bosons present simultaneously .	We investigate two-dimensional Bose system with the long range interactions in the presence of disorder .	Formation of the bound states at strong impurity sites gives rise to an additional depletion of the superfluid density .	We find that interactions suppress localization and that with the increase of the boson density the system experiences a sharp delocalization crossover into a state where all bosons are delocalized .	We map our results onto the three dimensional system of vortices in type II superconductors in the presence of columnar defects ; the intermediate superfluid state maps to an intermediate vortex liquid where vortex liquid neighbors pinned vortices .
+0	The study of pulsars in the three and a half decades since their discovery has highlighted a handful of issues critical to their understanding .	To date there is no consensus on the physical mechanism for their radio radio emission , despite a rapid increase in the observed population due to the Parkes Multi-Beam survey and prospects for similar growth in the radio population database in the near future .	The small subset of pulsars that emit at X-ray to gamma-ray wavelengths are critical to refining the pulsar paradigm since this energy band ( i ) is where the vast majority of radiative luminosity is observed , and ( ii ) is intimately connected to the pair winds that form the dominant mode of energy deposition in the circum-pulsar environment .	The most crucial point of contention pertaining to the high energy astrophysics of pulsars is the location of the acceleration region in their magnetospheres : is an outer gap model or a polar cap scenario ( or both ) the most appropriate picture .	Radiative signatures provide the clues to this current enigma .
+2	Here we consider the effects of an external magnetic field and spatial fluctuations of the gap in that model .	Recently an N=1 supersymmetric model of BCS superconductivity was proposed realizing spontaneous symmetry breaking of a U ( 1 ) _R symmetry .	Due to scalar contributions the superconducting phase transition turned out to be first order rather than second order as in standard BCS theory .	This allows us to compute the magnetic penetration length and the coherence length , and also to distinguish between type I and type II superconductors .	We compare the supersymmetric and standard relativistic BCS results , where the main differences come from the different orders of the phase transition .
+2	The latter may include a beam of probing particles and/or the screen on which the EW2 are formed .	The evanescent waves named as EW1 , EW2 , EW3 are described in 3 respective experimental setups : 1 ) total internal reflection ; 2 ) scattering on an inhomogeneous planar target ; and 3 ) propagation along a waveguide .	Some interactions are considered between EW2 and the environment .	Some new properties of EW are described , such as complex energy eigenvalues in case of a movable screen , and evanescence exchange between the interacting objects .	This reveals the connection between evanescent states and the Gamow states of the studied system .
+4	Due to the different positions of the three models in the $ log ( g ) $ vs $ log T_ { eff } $ plane , the more evolved models have lower density atmospheres .	We present results of three dimensional simulations of the uppermost part of the sun , at 3 stages of its evolution .	Each model includes physically realistic radiative-hydrodynamics ( the Eddington approximation is used in the optically thin region ) , varying opacities and a realistic equation of state ( full treatment of the ionization of H and He ) .	In each evolution model , we investigate a domain , which starts at the top of the photosphere and ends just inside the convection zone ( about 2400 km in the sun model ) .	This includes all of the super-adiabatic layer ( SAL ) .
+4	In three of these four cases , the absorption line optical-depth ratios deviate from the prediction based on atomic physics , suggesting that the background photon source ( s ) are only partially covered by the absorbing medium and , by extension , that the absorption lines are intrinsic to the quasar .	In the course of a large intervening MgII survey of 25 quasars , the CIV emission lines of six ( three radio-loud and three radio-quiet ) were observed serendipitously .	In four of these six quasars , we detected associated narrow absorption lines .	Three of these four quasars are radio-quiet while the other is radio-loud .	As a result of the original target selection , the small sample of six quasars is unbiased towards finding associated CIV absorption lines .
+3	Finally , we present the improved sequential search procedure that is used inside each partition .	In this paper we propose an online approximate k-nn graph building algorithm , which is able to quickly update a k-nn graph using a flow of data points .	One very important step of the algorithm consists in using the current distributed graph to search for the neighbors of a new node .	Hence we also propose a distributed partitioning method based on balanced k-medoids clustering , that we use to optimize the distributed search process .	We also perform an experimental evaluation of the different algorithms , where we study the influence of the parameters and compare the result of our algorithms to existing state of the art .
+0	Coincident detections of electromagnetic ( EM ) and gravitational wave ( GW ) signatures from coalescence events of supermassive black holes are the next observational grand challenge .	Such detections will provide the means to study cosmological evolution and accretion processes associated with these gargantuan compact objects .	More generally , the observations will enable testing general relativity in the strong , nonlinear regime and will provide independent cosmological measurements to high precision .	Understanding the conditions under which coincidences of EM and GW signatures arise during supermassive black hole mergers is therefore of paramount importance .	As an essential step towards this goal , we present results from the first fully general relativistic , hydrodynamical study of the late inspiral and merger of equal-mass , spinning supermassive black hole binaries in a gas cloud .
+4	Each is causally complete - in that all timelike and lightlike geodesics do not end in a finite time or affine parameter .	In this paper we apply the techniques which have been developed over the last few decades for generating nontrivially new solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations from seed solutions for simple spacetimes .	The simple seed spacetime which we choose is the `` magnetic universe '' to which we apply the Ehlers transformation .	Three interesting non-singular metrics are generated .	Two of these may be described as `` rotating magnetic universes '' and the third as an `` evolving magnetic universe . ''
+1	The neutron decays give electron-antineutrinos which undergo neutrino oscillations to populate all antineutrino flavors , but the electron-antineutrino flux remains dominant .	We propose an interpretation of the two neutrino initiated cascade events with PeV energies observed by IceCube : Ultra-high energy cosmic ray protons ( or Fe nuclei ) scatter on CMB photons through the Delta-resonance ( the Berezinsky-Zatsepin process ) yielding charged pions and neutrons .	At 6.3 PeV electron-antineutrino energy their annihilation on electrons in the IceCube detector is enhanced by the Glashow resonance ( the W-boson ) whose decays can give the PeV showers observed in the IceCube detector .	The two observed showers with ~1 PeV energies would need to be from W leptonic decays to electrons and taus .	An order of magnitude higher event rate of showers at 6.3 PeV is predicted from W to hadron decays .
+4	For the vertebrate series , a universal behaviour in the ratios of codon usage frequencies is put in evidence and is shown to fit nicely in our model .	New developments are presented in the framework of the model introduced by the authors in refs .	[ 1,2 ] and in which nucleotides as well as codons are classified in crystal bases of the quantum group U_q ( sl ( 2 ) +sl ( 2 ) ) in the limit q - & gt ; 0 .	An operator which gives the correspondence between the amino-acids and the codons is now obtained for any known genetic code .	The free energy released by base pairing of dinucleotides as well as the relative hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the dinucleosides are also computed .
+3	We measure a mean ratio of weak lensing ( WL ) aperture masses to inferred aperture masses from the SZ data , both within an aperture of R_500 , SZ derived from the SZ mass , of 1.04 +/- 0.18 .	We use weak gravitational lensing to measure the masses of five galaxy clusters selected from the South Pole Telescope ( SPT ) survey , with the primary goal of comparing these with the SPT Sunyaev -- Zel'dovich ( SZ ) and X-ray based mass estimates .	The clusters span redshifts 0.28 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.43 and have masses M_500 & gt ; 2 x 10^14 h^-1 M_sun , and three of the five clusters were discovered by the SPT survey .	We observed the clusters in the g'r'i ' passbands with the Megacam imager on the Magellan Clay 6.5m telescope .	We measure a mean ratio of spherical WL masses evaluated at R_500 , SZ to spherical SZ masses of 1.07 +/- 0.18 , and a mean ratio of spherical WL masses evaluated at R_500 , WL to spherical SZ masses of 1.10 +/- 0.24 .
+2	We explore how this issue can be fixed by describing the classical analogue of this problem .	Completely positive trace preserving maps are essential for the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics .	The dynamics of quantum systems , correlated with their environments , are in general not described by such maps .	We consider correlated probability distributions , whose subsequent system dynamics is ill-described by stochastic maps , and prescribe the correct way to describe the dynamics .	We use this prescription to discuss the classical version of the second law , valid for correlated probability distributions .
+3	AdS/CFT translates our solution to a chaotic response of the operator dual to the scalar field .	We look at the response of a nonlinearly coupled scalar field in an asymptotically AdS black brane geometry and find a behavior very similar to that of known dissipative nonlinear systems like the chaotic pendulum .	Transition to chaos proceeds through a series of period-doubling bifurcations .	The presence of dissipation , crucial to this behavior , arises naturally in a black hole background from the ingoing conditions imposed at the horizon .	Our setup can also be used to study quenchlike behavior in strongly coupled nonlinear systems .
+0	Gauge theories have been a cornerstone of the description of the world at the level of the fundamental particles .	The Lagrangian or the action describing the corresponding interactions is invariant under certain gauge transformations .	This symmetry is reflected in terms of the Ward-Green-Takahashi ( or the Slavnov-Taylor ) identities which relate various Green functions among each other , and the Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin transformations which relate a Green function in a particular gauge to it in an arbitrary covariant one .	As an outcome , all physical observables should be independent of the choice of the covariant gauge parameter .	The most systematic scheme to solve quantum field theories ( QFT ) is perturbation theory where the above-mentioned identities are satisfied at every order of approximation .
+2	We estimate the direction of maximal anisotropy on the sky for various pre-existing catalogs and show that it remains relatively unaffected by the light curve fitting procedure .	We test the isotropy of the local Universe using low redshift supernova data from various catalogs and the non-parametric method of smoothed residuals .	Using a recently developed catalog which combines supernova data from various surveys , we show that the isotropic hypothesis of a Universe with zero velocity perturbation can be rejected with moderate significance , with $ p $ -value $ \sim 0.07 $ out to redshift $ z & lt ; 0.045 $ .	However the recovered direction is biased by the underlying distribution of data points on the sky .	We estimate both the uncertainty and bias in the direction by creating mock data containing a randomly oriented bulk flow and using our method to reconstruct its direction .
+1	ADAMTS13 cleaves VWF within the mechanosensitive A2 domain , which is believed to open under shear flow .	Proteolysis of the multimeric blood coagulation protein von Willebrand Factor ( VWF ) by ADAMTS13 is crucial for prevention of microvascular thrombosis .	Here , we combine Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy ( FCS ) and a microfluidic shear cell to monitor real-time kinetics of full-length VWF proteolysis as a function of shear stress .	For comparison , we also measure the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of ADAMTS13 cleavage of wild-type VWF in the absence of shear but partially denaturing conditions .	Under shear , ADAMTS13 activity on full-length VWF arises without denaturing agent as evidenced by FCS and gel-based multimer analysis .
+4	We then develop the theory of closed Ricci surfaces , possibly with conical singularities , and construct classes of examples in all genera $ g\geq 2 $ .	A Ricci surface is a Riemannian 2-manifold $ ( M , g ) $ whose Gaussian curvature $ K $ satisfies $ K\Delta K+g ( dK , dK ) +4K^3=0 $ .	Every minimal surface isometrically embedded in $ \mathbb { R } ^3 $ is a Ricci surface of non-positive curvature .	At the end of the 19th century Ricci-Curbastro has proved that conversely , every point $ x $ of a Ricci surface has a neighborhood which embeds isometrically in $ \mathbb { R } ^3 $ as a minimal surface , provided $ K ( x ) & lt ; 0 $ .	We prove this result in full generality by showing that Ricci surfaces can be locally isometrically embedded either minimally in $ \mathbb { R } ^3 $ or maximally in $ \mathbb { R } ^ { 2,1 } $ , including near points of vanishing curvature .
+3	In the class of preheating models , ours stands out because it offers a unified description of the intrahalo medium for galaxy systems with total masses above $ \sm 2\times 10^ { 13 } $ \msun , does not produce baryonic configurations with large isentropic cores , and reproduces faithfully the observed behavior of the gas entropy at large radii .	We present an entirely analytic model for a preheated , polytropic intergalactic medium in hydrostatic equilibrium within a NFW dark halo potential in which the evolution of the halo structure between major merger events proceeds inside-out by accretion .	This model is used to explain , within a standard $ \Lambda $ CDM cosmogony , the observed X-ray properties of nearby relaxed , non-cooling flow groups and clusters of galaxies .	We find that our preferred solution to the equilibrium equations produces scaling relations in excellent agreement with observations , while simultaneously accounting for the typical structural characteristics of the distribution of the diffuse baryons .	All this is achieved with a moderate level of energy injection of about half a keV , which can be easily accommodated within the limits of the total energy released by the most commonly invoked feedback mechanisms , as well as with a polytropic index of 1.2 , consistent with both many observational determinations and predictions from high-resolution gas-dynamical simulations of non-cooling flow clusters .
+2	We show that by simply reading the phone 's aggregate power consumption over a period of a few minutes an application can learn information about the user 's location .	Modern mobile platforms like Android enable applications to read aggregate power usage on the phone .	This information is considered harmless and reading it requires no user permission or notification .	Aggregate phone power consumption data is extremely noisy due to the multitude of components and applications that simultaneously consume power .	Nevertheless , by using machine learning algorithms we are able to successfully infer the phone 's location .
+1	Surprisingly , the 0.5-2 keV source surface densities ( ~900-1200 sources deg**-2 at a flux limit of 1.5x10**-15 erg cm**-2s**-1 ) measured in an ~8'x8 ' area surrounding each cluster exceed by a factor of ~2 the value expected on the basis of the ROSAT and Chandra logN-logS , with a significance of ~2 sigma each , or ~3.5 sigma when the 2 fields are combined ( i.e.a probability to be a statistical fluctuation of & lt ; 1 % and & lt ; 0.04 % , respectively ) .	We present results from a Chandra X-ray Observatory study of the field X-ray source populations in 4 different observations : two high-redshift ( z~0.5 ) clusters of galaxies 3C295 and RXJ003033.2+261819 ; and two non-cluster fields with similar exposure time .	The same analysis performed on the non-cluster fields and on the outer chips of the cluster fields does NOT show evidence of such an excess .	In both cluster fields , the summed 0.5-10 keV spectrum of the detected objects is well fitted by a power-law with Gamma~1.7 similar to AGNs and shows no sign of intrinsic absorption .	The few ( ~10 out of 35 ) optical identifications available to date confirm that most of them are , as expected , AGNs but the number of redshifts available is too small to allow conclusions on their nature .
+4	Second , we present a new technique to generate automatically a canonical tester from stochastic refusal graph and conformance relation confSRG .	Testing is a validation activity used to check the system 's correctness with respect to the specification .	In this context , test based on refusals is studied in theory and tools are effectively constructed .	This paper addresses , a formal testing based on stochastic refusals graphs ( SRG ) in order to test stochastic system represented by maximality-based labeled stochastic transition systems ( MLSTS ) .	First , we propose a framework to generate SRGs from MLSTSs .
+1	With a short secret key , one can lock an exponentially large amount of information , in order to make it inaccessible to unauthorized users without the key .	Classical correlation can be locked via quantum means -- quantum data locking .	Quantum data locking presents a resource-efficient alternative to one-time pad encryption which requires a key no shorter than the message .	We report experimental demonstrations of quantum data locking scheme originally proposed by DiVincenzo et al . [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	92 , 067902 ( 2004 ) ] and a loss-tolerant scheme developed by Fawzi , Hayde , and Sen [ J. ACM .
+0	Let $ X $ be an abelian variety defined over an algebraically closed field $ k $ .	We consider theta groups associated to \emph { simple semi-homogenous vector bundles of separable type } on $ X $ .	We determine the structure and representation theory of these groups .	In doing so we relate work of Mumford , Mukai , and Umemura .	We also consider adelic theta groups associated to line bundles on $ X $ .
+1	We show that many of the problems associated with cosmology and quantum gravity follow directly from this assumption .	We highlight the fact that the lack of scale invariance in the gravitational field equations of General Relativity results from the underlying assumption that the appropriate scale for the gravitational force should be linked to the atomic scale .	An alternative scale invariant paradigm is proposed , in which the appropriate scale for General Relativity takes the Universe as its baseline , and the gravitational force does not have any fixed relationship to forces that apply on the atomic scale .	It is shown that this gives rise to a quasi-static universe , and that the predicted behaviour of this model can resolve most of the problems associated with the standard Big Bang model .	The replacement of Newton 's gravitational constant in the quasi-static model by a scale-dependent re-normalisation factor is also able to account for a number of astronomical observations that would otherwise require ad-hoc explanations .
+0	We study the ground-state phase diagram of two-component fermions loaded in a ladder-like lattice at half filling in the presence of spin-orbit coupling .	For repulsive fermions with unidirectional spin-orbit coupling along the legs we identify a N\ ' { e } el state which is separated from rung-singlet and ferromagnetic states by Ising phase transition lines .	These lines cross for maximal spin-orbit coupling and a direct Gaussian phase transition between rung-singlet and ferro phases is realized .	For the case of Rashba-like spin-orbit coupling , besides the rung singlet phases two distinct striped ferromagnetic phases are formed .	In case of attractive fermions with spin-orbit coupling at half-filling for decoupled chains we identify a dimerized state that separates a singlet superconductor and a ferromagnetic states .
+4	Even at the optimal baseline , it is very challenging to see CPV in 3+1 scenarios if one considers only one appearance channel .	New neutrino degrees of freedom allow for more sources of CP-invariance violation ( CPV ) .	We explore the requirements for accessing CP-odd mixing parameters in the so-called 3+1 scenario , where one assumes the existence of one extra , mostly sterile neutrino degree of freedom , heavier than the other three mass eigenstates .	As a first step , we concentrate on the nu_e to nu_mu appearance channel in a hypothetical , upgraded version of the nuSTORM proposal .	We establish that the optimal baseline for CPV studies depends strongly on the value of Delta m^2_14 -- the new mass-squared difference -- and that the ability to observe CPV depends significantly on whether the experiment is performed at the optimal baseline .
+0	We consider the closed string propagating in the weakly curved background which consists of constant metric and Kalb-Ramond field with infinitesimally small coordinate dependent part .	We propose the procedure for constructing the T-dual theory , performing T-duality transformations along coordinates on which the Kalb-Ramond field depends .	The obtained theory is defined in the non-geometric double space , described by the Lagrange multiplier $ y_\mu $ and its $ T $ -dual $ \tilde { y } _\mu $ .	We apply the proposed T-duality procedure to the T-dual theory and obtain the initial one .	We discuss the standard relations between T-dual theories that the equations of motion and momenta modes of one theory are the Bianchi identities and the winding modes of the other .
+1	Here the Riemannian structure is hyperbolic and a transitive group action comes from the space of $ 2\times2 $ real matrices of determinant one via M\ '' { o } bius transformations .	In this paper we consider a novel statistical inverse problem on the Poincar\ ' { e } , or Lobachevsky , upper ( complex ) half plane .	Our approach is based on a deconvolution technique which relies on the Helgason -- Fourier calculus adapted to this hyperbolic space .	This gives a minimax nonparametric density estimator of a hyperbolic density that is corrupted by a random M\ '' { o } bius transform .	A motivation for this work comes from the reconstruction of impedances of capacitors where the above scenario on the Poincar\ ' { e } plane exactly describes the physical system that is of statistical interest .
+2	We have performed digital processing of photographic images of the V445 Pup progenitor using astronomical plate archives .	V445 Pup was a peculiar nova with no hydrogen spectral lines during the outburst .	The spectrum contained strong emission lines of carbon , oxygen , calcium , sodium , and iron .	The brightness of the progenitor in the B band was 14.3 mag .	It was a periodic variable star , its most probable period being 0.650654+/-0.000011 day .
+2	Events on 15 and 24 February 2011 are of the greatest interest .	Radiobursts exibiting fine structure observed over two years during the rising phase of Cycle 24 by the SBRS are analyzed .	In five events zebra structure , various fiber bursts and fast pulsations were observed .	The polarization of radio emission in all three cases is related to the ordinary wave mode of radio emission.Almost all events in the microwave range contain superfine structure .	It is possible that each type of fine structure is excited by the same mechanism , and the broad variety of events is related to the dynamics of flare processes .
+1	Photospheric magnetograms are often used as lower boundary conditions in models of the corona , but not data from the nearly force-free chromosphere .	Besides their own intrinsic interest , correct interpretation of solar surface magnetic field observations is crucial to our ability to describe the global magnetic structure of the solar atmosphere .	National Solar Observatory 's ( NSO ) Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun VSM ( Vector Spectromagnetograph ) produces full-disk line-of-sight magnetic flux images deriving from both photospheric and chromospheric layers on a daily basis .	In this paper , we investigate key properties of the magnetic field in these two layers using more than five years of VSM data .	We find from near-equatorial measurements that the east-west inclination angle of most photospheric fields is less than about 12 { \deg } , while chromospheric fields expand in all directions to a significant degree .
+3	No significant dependence is found on scale , quasar luminosity , or redshift over the ranges we probe here .	We present the clustering of DEEP2 galaxies at 0.7 & lt ; z & lt ; 1.4 around quasars identified using both the SDSS and DEEP2 surveys .	We measure the two-point cross-correlation of a sample of 36 optically-selected , spectroscopically-identified quasars from the SDSS and 16 more found in the DEEP2 survey with the full DEEP2 galaxy sample over scales 0.1 & lt ; r_p & lt ; 10 Mpc/h .	The clustering amplitude is found to be similar to the auto-correlation function of DEEP2 galaxies , with a relative bias of b=0.89 +/-0.24 between quasars and DEEP2 galaxies at z~1 .	The clustering amplitude errors are comparable to those from significantly larger quasar samples , such as the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey .
+2	The model exhibits ferrimagnetism even though the interaction involved is between nearest neighbors .	We study the thermodynamic properties of a family of integrable 1D spin chain hamiltonians associated with quantum groups at roots of unity .	These hamiltonians depend for each primitive root of unit on a parameter $ s $ which plays the role of a continuous spin .	The latter phenomenon is interpreted as a genuine quantum group effect with no `` classical '' analog .	The discussion of conformal properties is given .
+0	We present a fully backreacted D3-D7 supergravity solution dual to the Klebanov-Strassler cascading gauge theory coupled to a large number of massive dynamical flavors in the Veneziano limit .	The mass of the flavors can be larger or smaller than the dynamically generated scale .	The solution is always regular at the origin of the radial coordinate and as such it can be suitably employed to explore the rich IR physics of the dual gauge theory .	In this paper we focus on the static quark-antiquark potential , the screening of chromoelectric charges induced by the dynamical flavors , the flux tube breaking and the mass spectrum of the first mesonic excitations .	Moreover , we discuss the occurrence of quantum phase transitions in the connected part of the static quark-antiquark potential .
+2	Explicit expressions are given for crystals with cubic symmetry : sc , fcc and bcc .	A discrete model describing defects in crystal lattices and having the standard linear anisotropic elasticity as its continuum limit is proposed .	The main ingredients entering the model are the elastic stiffness constants of the material and a dimensionless periodic function that restores the translation invariance of the crystal and influences the Peierls stress .	Numerical simulations of this model with conservative or damped dynamics illustrate static and moving edge and screw dislocations and describe their cores and profiles .	Dislocation loops and dipoles are also numerically observed .
+1	In molecular biology , measurements on the single-cell level attest to this stochasticity and one is tempted to interpret such measurements across an isogenic cell population as different sample paths of one and the same Markov model .	Markovian population models are suitable abstractions to describe well-mixed interacting particle systems in situation where stochastic fluctuations are significant due to the involvement of low copy particles .	Over recent years evidence built up against this interpretation due to the presence of cell-to-cell variability stemming from factors other than intrinsic fluctuations .	To account for this extrinsic variability , Markovian models in random environments need to be considered and a key emerging question is how to perform inference for such models .	We model extrinsic variability by a random parametrization of all propensity functions .
+4	In addition , we extend the model to allow us to capture non-stationarities in the population dynamics itself ( i.e. , correlations across neurons ) .	Neural population activity often exhibits rich variability and temporal structure .	This variability is thought to arise from single-neuron stochasticity , neural dynamics on short time-scales , as well as from modulations of neural firing properties on long time-scales , often referred to as `` non-stationarity '' .	To better understand the nature of co-variability in neural circuits and their impact on cortical information processing , we need statistical models that are able to capture multiple sources of variability on different time-scales .	Here , we introduce a hierarchical statistical model of neural population activity which models both neural population dynamics as well as inter-trial modulations in firing rates .
+1	We describe how radial quantization leads to a quasi-chiral factorization of the space of fields .	We present a new application of affine Lie algebras to massive quantum field theory in 2 dimensions , by investigating the $ q\to 1 $ limit of the q-deformed affine $ \hat { sl ( 2 ) } $ symmetry of the sine-Gordon theory , this limit occurring at the free fermion point .	The conserved charges which generate the affine Lie algebra split into two independent affine algebras on this factorized space , each with level 1 , in the anti-periodic sector .	The space of fields in the anti-periodic sector can be organized using level- $ 1 $ highest weight representations , if one supplements the $ \slh $ algebra with the usual local integrals of motion .	Using the integrals of motion , a momentum space bosonization involving vertex operators is formulated .
+3	The number of observable gravitational wave sources scales as the product of the volume of space to which the detector is sensitive and the observation time , so the goal of commissioning is to improve the detector sensitivity with the least possible detector down time .	Gravitational wave interferometers are complex instruments , requiring years of commissioning to achieve the required sensitivities for the detection of gravitational waves , of order 10^-21 in dimensionless detector strain , in the tens of Hz to several kHz frequency band .	Investigations carried out by the GEO600 detector characterisation group have shown that detector characterisation techniques are useful when planning for commissioning work .	At the time of writing , GEO600 is the only large scale laser interferometer currently in operation running with a high duty factor , 70 % , limited chiefly by the time spent commissioning the detector .	We demonstrate a method for increasing the number of sources observable by such a detector , by assessing the severity of non-astrophysical noise contaminations to efficiently guide commissioning .
+1	The structure of the huge spheroid surrounding dwarf galaxies could give clues to their past gravitational history .	Nearby galaxies , spirals as well as irregulars , have been found to be much larger than previously believed .	Thanks to wide field imagers , nearby galaxies with diameter of dozens of arcmin can be effectively surveyed .	We obtain , from the CFHT archives , a series of i ' and g ' MegaCam images of IC 1613 in order to determine the stellar surface density of the field and determine the shape of its spheroid .	From the colour magnitude diagram we select some 36,000 stars , in the first three magnitudes of the red giant branch .
+2	By parameterising the mass profile using a `` generalised '' Navarro , Frenk & amp ; White profile in which the central logarithmic slope $ \alpha $ is allowed to vary while preserving the $ r^ { -3 } $ asymptotic form at large radii , we obtain preferred central slopes for haloes in each of our models .	We explore the dependence of the central logarithmic slope of dark matter halo density profiles $ \alpha $ on the spectral index $ n $ of the linear matter power spectrum $ P ( k ) $ using cosmological $ N $ -body simulations of scale-free models ( i.e. $ P ( k ) \propto k^n $ ) .	For each of our simulations we identify samples of well resolved haloes in dynamical equilibrium and we analyse their mass profiles .	There is a strong correlation between $ \alpha $ and $ n $ , such that $ \alpha $ becomes shallower as $ n $ becomes steeper .	However , if we normalise our mass profiles by $ r_ { -2 } $ , the radius at which the logarithmic slope of the density profile is -2 , we find that these differences are no longer present .
+1	But the full implementation of the test -- requiring that the determinant of the PT be nonnegative for separability to hold -- appears to be , at least presently , computationally intractable .	We seek to derive the probability -- expressed in terms of the Hilbert-Schmidt ( Euclidean or flat ) metric -- that a generic ( nine-dimensional ) real two-qubit system is separable , by implementing the well-known Peres-Horodecki test on the partial transposes ( PT 's ) of the associated 4 x 4 density matrices ) .	So , we have previously implemented -- using the auxiliary concept of a diagonal-entry-parameterized separability function ( DESF ) -- the weaker implied test of nonnegativity of the six 2 x 2 principal minors of the PT .	This yielded an exact upper bound on the separability probability of 1024/ { 135 pi^2 } =0.76854 $ .	Here , we piece together ( reflection-symmetric ) results obtained by requiring that each of the four 3 x 3 principal minors of the PT , in turn , be nonnegative , giving an improved/reduced upper bound of 22/35 = 0.628571 .
+0	The three-dimensional lattice Higgs model with compact U ( 1 ) gauge symmetry and unit charge is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations .	The full model with fluctuating Higgs amplitude is simulated , and both energy as well as topological observables are measured .	The data show a Higgs and a confined phase separated by a well-defined phase boundary , which is argued to be caused by proliferating vortices .	For fixed gauge coupling , the phase boundary consists of a line of first-order phase transitions at small Higgs self-coupling , ending at a critical point .	The phase boundary then continues as a Kertesz line across which thermodynamic quantities are nonsingular .
+1	In particular , the free abelian topological group $ A ( X ) $ of any finite-dimensional compact metrizable space $ X $ embeds into $ A ( I ) $ .	We give a complete description of the topological spaces $ X $ such that the free abelian topological group $ A ( X ) $ embeds into the free abelian topological group $ A ( I ) $ of the closed unit interval .	The situation turns out to be somewhat different for free locally convex spaces .	Some results for the spaces of continuous functions with the pointwise topology are also obtained .	Proofs are based on the classical Kolmogorov 's Superposition Theorem .
+4	We further note that the values of the reduced cumulants up to order $ n=9 $ are significantly increased in $ f ( R ) $ gravity for all our models at small scales $ R\simlt 30\hmpc $ .	We use a suite of high resolution state-of-the-art N-body Dark Matter simulations of chameleon $ f ( R ) $ gravity to study the higher order volume averaged correlation functions $ \bar { \xi_n } $ together with the hierarchical $ n $ -th order correlation amplitudes $ S_n=\bar { \xi } _n/\bar { \xi } _2^ { n-1 } $ and density distribution functions ( PDF ) .	We show that under the non-linear modifications of gravity the hierarchical scaling of the reduced cumulants is preserved .	This is however characterised by significant changes of both the $ \bar { \xi_n } $ and $ S_n $ 's values and their scale dependence with respect to General Relativity gravity ( GR ) .	In addition , we measure a significant increase of the non linear $ \sigma_8 $ parameter reaching $ 14 , 5 $ and 0.5 % in excess of the GR value for the three flavours of our $ f ( R ) $ models .
+1	We carry out numerical simulations on fourteen ensembles of gauge-field configurations generated with 2+1 flavors of asqtad-improved staggered sea quarks .	We present the first unquenched lattice-QCD calculation of the hadronic form factors for the exclusive decay $ \overline { B } \rightarrow D \ell \overline { \nu } $ at nonzero recoil .	The ensembles encompass a wide range of lattice spacings ( approximately 0.045 to 0.12 fm ) and ratios of light ( up and down ) to strange sea-quark masses ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 .	For the $ b $ and $ c $ valence quarks we use improved Wilson fermions with the Fermilab interpretation , while for the light valence quarks we use asqtad-improved staggered fermions .	We extrapolate our results to the physical point using rooted staggered heavy-light meson chiral perturbation theory .
+4	We illustrate the practical and interpretable nature of SLIM scoring systems through applications in medicine and criminology , and show that they are are accurate and sparse in comparison to state-of-the-art classification models using numerical experiments .	Scoring systems are classification models that only require users to add , subtract and multiply a few meaningful numbers to make a prediction .	These models are often used because they are practical and interpretable .	In this paper , we introduce an off-the-shelf tool to create scoring systems that both accurate and interpretable , known as a Supersparse Linear Integer Model ( SLIM ) .	SLIM is a discrete optimization problem that minimizes the 0-1 loss to encourage a high level of accuracy , regularizes the L0-norm to encourage a high level of sparsity , and constrains coefficients to a set of interpretable values .
+3	It is shown that the new massive gravity or $ f ( R ) $ gravity in three dimensions do not correspond to the fixed point within the approximation that the coefficients of the higher curvature terms are not subject to the flow .	We study the quantum properties of the three-dimensional higher derivative gravity .	In particular we calculate the running of the gravitational and cosmological constants .	The flow of these couplings shows that there exist both Gaussian and nontrivial fixed points in the theory , thus confirming that the theory is asymptotically safe .	The fixed point value of the cosmological constant is found to be gauge-independent , positive and small .
+2	New vertex operators are constructed from the level one vertex operators by the fusion procedure and have the description by bosons .	We diagonalize the transfer matrix of the inhomogeneous vertex models of the 6-vertex type in the anti-ferroelectric regime intoducing new types of q-vertex operators .	The special cases of those models were used to diagonalize the s-d exchange model\cite { W , A , FW1 } .	In order to clarify the particle structure we estabish new isomorphisms of crystals .	The results are very simple and figure out representation theoretically the ground state degenerations .
+1	Most of the literature on this topic has focused exclusively on the social graph , overlooking historical data , i.e. , traces of past action propagations .	Influence maximization is the problem of finding a set of users in a social network , such that by targeting this set , one maximizes the expected spread of influence in the network .	In this paper , we study influence maximization from a novel data-based perspective .	In particular , we introduce a new model , which we call credit distribution , that directly leverages available propagation traces to learn how influence flows in the network and uses this to estimate expected influence spread .	Our approach also learns the different levels of influenceability of users , and it is time-aware in the sense that it takes the temporal nature of influence into account .
+2	We show that in the presence of a cosmological term in the action , it is possible to have a real scalar field in the region outside the event horizon .	In this paper we construct asymptotically locally AdS and flat black holes in the presence of a scalar field whose kinetic term is constructed out from a linear combination of the metric and the Einstein tensor .	The field equations as well as the energy-momentum tensor are second order in the metric and the field , therefore the theory belongs to the ones defined by Horndeski .	The solutions are characterized by a single integration constant , the scalar field vanishes at the horizon and it contributes to the effective cosmological constant at infinity .	We extend these results to the topological case .
+2	However , feasible strategies for such an inverse design process may be successfully developed for specific purposes .	Rational design of molecules and materials usually requires extensive screening of molecular structures for the desired property .	The inverse approach to deduce a structure for a predefined property would be highly desirable , but is , unfortunately , not well-defined .	We discuss options for calculating 'jacket ' potentials that fulfill a predefined target requirement - a concept that we recently introduced [ T. Weymuth , M. Reiher , MRS Proceediungs , 2013 , 1524 , DOI:10.1557/opl.2012.1764 ] .	We consider the case of small-molecule activating transition metal catalysts .
+2	Let ( Z_n ) be a sequence of holomorphic images of the projective space P^s in a projective manifold .	Let ( F_n ) be a sequence of ( multivalued ) meromorphic maps between compact Kaehler manifolds X1 and X2 .	We study the asymptotic distribution of preimages of points by F_n and the asymptotic distribution of fixed points for multivalued self-maps of a compact Riemann surface .	We prove that the currents , defined by integration on Z_n , properly normalized , converge to weakly laminar currents .	We also show that the Green currents , of suitable bidimensions , associated to a regular polynomial automorphism , are ( weakly ) laminar .
+4	With magnetic field increasing the resistance , measured both in the local and nonlocal configurations first sharply decreases and then increases again in disagreement with the existing theories .	We report magnetotransport measurements in a HgTe quantum well with an inverted band structure , which is expected to be a two-dimensional ( 2D ) topological insulator .	A small magnetic field perpendicular the 2D layer breaks the time reversal symmetry and thereby , suppresses the edge state transport .	A linear magnetoresistance is observed in low magnetic fields , when the chemical potential moves through the the bulk gap .	That magnetoresistance is well described by numerical calculations of the edge states magnetotransport in the presence of nonmagnetic disorder .
+1	In the Newtonian limit of General Relativity , we solve the Poisson equation for the gravitational potential in the enumerated models .	We consider lattice Universes with spatial topologies $ T\times T\times T $ , $ \ ; T\times T\times R\ ; $ and $ \ ; T\times R\times R $ .	In the case of point-like massive sources in the $ T\times T\times T $ model , we demonstrate that the gravitational potential has no definite values on the straight lines joining identical masses in neighboring cells , i.e.at points where masses are absent .	Clearly , this is a nonphysical result since the dynamics of cosmic bodies is not determined in such a case .	The only way to avoid this problem and get a regular solution at any point of the cell is the smearing of these masses over some region .
+2	The derived protocluster mass function is consistent with the stellar IMF .	At the earliest evolutionary stages , massive star-forming regions are deeply embedded within their natal cores and not observable at optical and near-infrared wavelengths .	Interferometric high-spatial resolution mm dust continuum observations of one very young high-mass star-forming region disentangle its cluster-like nature already at the very beginning of the star formation process .	Hence , fragmentation of the initial massive cores may determine the IMF and the masses of the final stars .	This implies that stars of all masses can form via accretion , and coalescence of protostars appears not to be necessary .
+1	A key goal of geochemistry is to date this event , but different ages have been proposed .	According to the generally accepted scenario , the last giant impact on the Earth formed the Moon and initiated the final phase of core formation by melting the Earth 's mantle .	Some argue for an early Moon-forming event , approximately 30 million years ( Myr ) after the condensation of the first solids in the Solar System , whereas others claim a date later than 50 Myr ( and possibly as late as around 100 My ) after condensation .	Here we show that a Moon-forming event at 40 Myr after condensation , or earlier , is ruled out at a 99.9 per cent confidence level .	We use a large number of N-body simulations to demonstrate a relationship between the time of the last giant impact on an Earth-like planet and the amount of mass subsequently added during the era known as Late Accretion .
+0	By a Wigner-function calculation , we evaluate the trace of a certain Gaussian operator arising in the theory of a boson system subject to both finite temperature and ( weak ) interaction .	Thereby we rederive ( and generalize ) a recent result by Kocharovsky , Kocharovsky , and Scully [ Phys.Rev.A , vol.61 , art .	053606 ( 2000 ) ] in a way that is technically much simpler .	One step uses a special case of the response of Wigner functions to linear transformations , and we demonstrate the general case by simple means .	As an application we extract the counting statistics for each mode of the Bose gas .
+2	We provide a partial reduction from paving Hessenberg varieties for arbitrary elements to paving those corresponding to nilpotent elements .	In this paper we consider certain closed subvarieties of the flag variety , known as Hessenberg varieties .	We prove that Hessenberg varieties corresponding to nilpotent elements which are regular in a Levi factor are paved by affines .	As a consequence , we generalize results of Tymoczko asserting that Hessenberg varieties for regular nilpotent and arbitrary elements of \mathfrak { gl } _n ( \C ) are paved by affines .	For example , our results prove that any Hessenberg variety corresponding to a regular element is paved by affines .
+1	We present the Hubble parameter in terms of the observable parameters $ \Omega_ { m0 } $ , $ \Omega_ { x0 } $ and $ H_ { 0 } $ with the redshift $ z $ and the other parameters like $ A $ , $ B $ , $ C $ , $ n $ and $ \alpha $ .	In this work , we have considered the flat FRW model of the universe in $ ( n+2 ) $ -dimensions filled with the dark matter ( perfect fluid with negligible pressure ) and the modified Chaplygin gas ( MCG ) type dark energy .	From Stern data set ( 12 points ) , we have obtained the bounds of the arbitrary parameters by minimizing the $ \chi^ { 2 } $ test .	The best-fit values of the parameters are obtained by 66 % , 90 % and 99 % confidence levels .	Now to find the bounds of the parameters and to draw the statistical confidence contour , we first fixed three parameters $ C , n , \alpha $ and then fixed the three parameters $ A , n , \alpha $ .
+3	We construct and study the X-ray to optical SED of a sample of 195 X-ray selected Type 1 AGN belonging to the XMM-Newton bright serendipitous survey ( XBS ) .	Active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) emit radiation over a wide range of wavelengths , with a peak of emission in the far-UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum , a spectral region that is historically difficult to observe .	Using optical , GALEX UV and XMM-Newton data we derive the spectral energy distribution ( SED ) from the optical/UV to X-ray regime of a sizeable sample of AGN .	The principal motivation is to investigate the relationship between the optical/UV emission and the X-ray emission and provide bolometric corrections to the hard X-ray ( 2-10 keV ) energy range , kbol , the latter being a fundamental parameter in current physical cosmology .	The optical-UV luminosity was computed using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) , from our own dedicated optical spectroscopy and the satellite Galaxy Evolution Explorer ( GALEX ) , while the X-ray luminosity was computed using XMM-Newton data .
+1	The observed difference is explained by large capture cross section in the former and by increase of the quasifission contribution to the yield of fission-like fragments in the $ ^ { 19 } $ F+ $ ^ { 181 } $ Ta reaction at large excitation energies .	The excitation functions of capture , complete fusion , and evaporation residue formation in the $ ^ { 16 } $ O+ $ ^ { 184 } $ W and $ ^ { 19 } $ F+ $ ^ { 181 } $ Ta reactions leading to the same $ ^ { 200 } $ Pb compound nucleus has been studied theoretically to explain the experimental data showing more intense yield of evaporation residue in the former reaction in comparison with that in the latter reaction .	The probability of compound nucleus formation in the $ ^ { 16 } $ O+ $ ^ { 184 } $ W reaction is larger but compound nuclei formed in both reactions have similar angular momentum ranges at the same excitation energy .	The observed decrease of evaporation residue cross section normalized to the fusion cross section in the $ ^ { 19 } $ F+ $ ^ { 181 } $ Ta reaction in comparison with the one in the $ ^ { 16 } $ O+ $ ^ { 184 } $ W reaction at high excitation energies is explained by the increase of hindrance in the formation of compound nucleus connected with more quick increase of the quasifission contribution in the $ ^ { 19 } $ F induced reaction .	The spin distributions of the evaporation residue cross sections for the two reactions are also presented .
+4	At 129GHz , a number of evolved stars and several young stellar objects exhibit strong SiO maser emission in the v=1 J=3-2 transition .	In April 2002 an array of antennas operating at 129GHz successfully detected VLBI fringes on both continuum AGN and SiO maser sources .	The 129GHz fringes on maser sources represent the highest frequency spectral line VLBI detections to date .	The AGN 3C279 was detected on long baselines at both 129GHz ( and at 147GHz , see Krichbaum et al in these proceedings ) yielding fringe spacings of 50-56 micro arc seconds , an angular resolution record .	The array consisted of the University of Arizona Kittpeak 12m antenna , the Heinrich Hertz 10m Telescope ( HHT ) , and the IRAM 30m dish on Pico Veleta .
+0	We propose and demonstrate a limiting procedure in which , starting from the q-lifted version ( or K-theoretic five dimensional version ) of the ( W ) AGT conjecture to be assumed in this paper , the Virasoro/W block is generated in the r-th root of unity limit in q in the 2d side , while the same limit automatically generates the projection of the five dimensional instanton partition function onto that on the ALE space R^4/Z_r .	This circumvents case-by-case conjectures to be made in a wealth of examples found so far .	In the 2d side , we successfully generate the super-Virasoro algebra and the proper screening charge in the q - & gt ; -1 , t - & gt ; -1 limit , from the defining relation of the q-Virasoro algebra and the q-deformed Heisenberg algebra .	The central charge obtained coincides with that of the minimal series carrying odd integers of the N=1 superconformal algebra .	In the r-th root of unity limit in q in the 2d side , we give some evidence of the appearance of the parafermion-like currents .
+1	Transition to this form of dynamo is subcritical and shares many characteristics of transition to turbulence in non-rotating hydrodynamic shear flows .	Magnetorotational dynamo action in Keplerian shear flow is a three-dimensional , nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic process whose study is relevant to the understanding of accretion and magnetic field generation in astrophysics .	This suggests that these different fluid systems become active through similar generic bifurcation mechanisms , which in both cases have eluded detailed understanding so far .	In this paper , we investigate numerically the bifurcation mechanisms at work in the incompressible Keplerian magnetorotational dynamo problem in the shearing box framework .	Using numerical techniques imported from dynamical systems research , we show that the onset of chaotic dynamo action at magnetic Prandtl numbers larger than unity is primarily associated with global homoclinic and heteroclinic bifurcations of nonlinear magnetorotational dynamo cycles .
+3	After the size reaches 2 -- 3 times the density scale-height , the superbubble expands preferentially in the $ z $ -direction .	The importance of the interstellar magnetic field is studied in relation to the evolutions of superbubbles with a three-dimensional ( 3D ) numerical magnetohydrodynamical ( MHD ) simulation .	A superbubble is a large supernova remnant driven by sequential supernova explosions in an OB association .	Its evolution is affected by the density stratification in the galactic disk .	Finally it can punch out the gas disk ( blow-out ) .
+4	While the step of estimating the regression vector has been intensively studied over the past decade , the problem of deriving statistically accurate estimators of the diagonal entries has received much less attention .	In this paper , we present several estimators of the diagonal elements of the inverse of the covariance matrix , called precision matrix , of a sample of iid random vectors .	The focus is on high dimensional vectors having a sparse precision matrix .	It is now well understood that when the underlying distribution is Gaussian , the columns of the precision matrix can be estimated independently form one another by solving linear regression problems under sparsity constraints .	This approach leads to a computationally efficient strategy for estimating the precision matrix that starts by estimating the regression vectors , then estimates the diagonal entries of the precision matrix and , in a final step , combines these estimators for getting estimators of the off-diagonal entries .
+0	There is an intriguing discrepancy between \alpha_s ( M_Z ) values measured directly at the CERN $ Z_0 $ -factory and low-energy ( at few GeV ) measurements transformed to $ Q=M_ { Z_0 } $ by a massless QCD \alpha_s ( Q ) evolution relation .	There exists an attempt to reconcile this discrepancy by introducing a light gluino $ \gl $ in the MSSM .	We study in detail the influence of heavy thresholds on \alpha_s ( Q ) evolution .	First , we consruct the `` exact '' explicit solution to the mass-dependent two-loop RG equation for the running \alpha_s ( Q ) .	This solution describes heavy thresholds smoothly .
+3	We also prove that a two counter machine with input is capable of such conversions .	We investigate the question of computational resources ( such as stacks and counters ) necessary to perform radix conversions .	To this end it is shown that no PDA can compute the significand of the best $ n $ -digit floating point approximation of a power of an incommensurable radix .	This extends the results of W.~Clinger .	On the other hand we note a curious asymmetry with respect to the order in which the digits are input by showing that a two counter machine can decode its input online if the digits are presented in the most-to-least significant order while no such machine can decode its input in this manner if the digits are presented in the least-to-most significant order .
+3	Rather than often used wavelet ( soft- ) thresholding techniques , we employ the group structure in the wavelet domain to arrive at left-invariant evolutions and flows ( diffusion ) , for contextual crossing preserving enhancement of multiple scale elongated structures in noisy images .	Enhancement of multiple-scale elongated structures in noisy image data is relevant for many biomedical applications but commonly used PDE-based enhancement techniques often fail at crossings in an image .	To get an overview of how an image is composed of local multiple-scale elongated structures we construct a multiple scale orientation score , which is a continuous wavelet transform on the similitude group , SIM ( 2 ) .	Our unitary transform maps the space of images onto a reproducing kernel space defined on SIM ( 2 ) , allowing us to robustly relate Euclidean ( and scaling ) invariant operators on images to left-invariant operators on the corresponding continuous wavelet transform .	We present experiments that display benefits of our work compared to recent PDE techniques acting directly on the images and to our previous work on left-invariant diffusions on orientation scores defined on Euclidean motion group .
+3	We study various specific models , like a deformed AKLT [ 1 ] , an Ising-type [ 2 ] , and Kitaev 's toric code [ 3 ] , both in finite ladders and infinite square lattices .	In many physical scenarios , close relations between the bulk properties of quantum systems and theories associated to their boundaries have been observed .	In this work , we provide an exact duality mapping between the bulk of a quantum spin system and its boundary using Projected Entangled Pair States ( PEPS ) .	This duality associates to every region a Hamiltonian on its boundary , in such a way that the entanglement spectrum of the bulk corresponds to the excitation spectrum of the boundary Hamiltonian .	In the latter case , some of those models display quantum phase transitions .
+1	The Coriolis force induced by orbital motion deflects the shocked flows , strongly affecting their dynamics .	The winds from a non-accreting pulsar and a massive star in a binary system collide forming a bow-shaped shock structure .	We study the evolution of the shocked stellar and pulsar winds on scales in which the orbital motion is important .	Potential sites of non-thermal activity are investigated .	Relativistic hydrodynamical simulations in two dimensions , performed with the code PLUTO and using the adaptive mesh refinement technique , are used to model interacting stellar and pulsar winds on scales ~80 times the distance between the stars .
+2	Indeed , if we select the so called natural fractal structure on each euclidean space , then we will get the box-counting dimension as a particular case .	The main goal of this paper has a double purpose .	On the one hand , we propose a new definition in order to compute the fractal dimension of a subset respect to any fractal structure , which completes the theory of classical box-counting dimension .	Recall that box-counting dimension could be calculated over any euclidean space , although it can be defined over any metrizable one .	Nevertheless , the new definition we present can be computed on an easy way over any space admitting a fractal structure .
+0	The proton is a composite object with spin one-half , understood to contain highly relativistic spin one-half quarks exchanging spin-one gluons , each possibly with significant orbital angular momenta .	While their fundamental interactions are well described by Quantum ChromoDynamics ( QCD ) , our standard theory of the strong interaction , nonperturbative calculations of the internal structure of the proton based directly on QCD are beginning to provide reliable results .	Most of our present knowledge of the structure of the proton is based on experimental measurements interpreted within the rich framework of QCD .	An area presently attracting intense interest , both experimental and theoretical , is the relationship between the spin of the proton and the spins and orbital angular momenta of its constituents .	While remarkable progress has been made , especially in the last decade , the discovery and investigation of new concepts have revealed that much more remains to be learned .
+2	Membership status was determined for 16 945 stars with 14 & lt ; V & lt ; 21 from the central part of the cluster .	We have derived the absolute proper motion ( PM ) of the globular cluster M55 using a large set of CCD images collected with the du Pont telescope between 1997 and 2008 .	We find ( PM_RA*cos ( DEC ) , PM_DEC ) = ( -3.31 +/- 0.10 , -9.14 +/- 0.15 ) mas/yr relative to background galaxies .	The PM catalogue includes 52 variables of which 43 are probable members of M55 .	This sample is dominated by pulsating blue straggler stars but also includes 5 eclipsing binaries , three of which are main sequence objects .
+2	It will be applied here , as an example , for the German stock market presented by the Deutscher Aktienindex ( DAX ) , which is a measure for the market status .	The main focus of this work is to understand the dynamics of non regulated markets .	The present model can describe the dynamics of any market where the pricing is based on supply and demand .	The duality of the present model consists of the superposition of the two components - the long and the short term behaviour of the market .	The long term behaviour is characterised by a stable development which is following a trend for time periods of years or even decades .
+2	We find that the magnetic property of the adatom located on the adjacent site of the vacancy depends on whether the vacancy belongs to A or B sublattice .	We use quantum Monte Carlo method to study a magnetic impurity located next to a vacancy in bilayer graphene with Bernal stacking .	Due to the broken symmetry between two sublattices in bilayer system , there exist two different types of vacancy induced localized state .	In general , local moment is more strongly suppressed if the vacancy belongs to the sublattice A when $ \mu \sim 0 $ .	We switch the values of the chemical potential and study the basic thermodynamic quantities and the correlation functions between the magnetic adatom and the carbon sites .
+4	It turns out that this four-dimensional scenario may predict some new phenomenology since the new mirror fermions ( which are introduced in order to fill the SM fermions into SU ( 4 ) _W without anomaly ) are preserved at low energy scale and mix with the SM fermions .	The left-right models provide an explanation for the parity asymmetry in the Standard Model ( SM ) .	To further understand the origin of the left-right symmetry , we study a partial unification model based on SU ( 4 ) _W*U ( 1 ) _ { B-L } which can be broken down to the minimal left-right model either through the Higgs mechanism in four dimensions or through the five-dimensional orbifold gauge symmetry breaking with inner or outer automorphism .	We scrutinize all these breaking mechanisms and find that for the orbifold breaking in five dimensions , the rank-reducing outer automorphism is better than the inner automorphism and can make the low energy theory free of the U ( 1 ) _Z anomaly .	For the four-dimensional model with the Higgs mechanism , we study in detail both its structure and its typical phenomenology .
+2	The value of { \alpha } H is also affected by the dynamics of disorder , which is not reflected in the DC transport characteristics and varies with sample and temperature .	We have investigated the low-frequency 1/f noise of both suspended and on-substrate graphene field-effect transistors and its dependence on gate voltage , in the temperature range between 300K and 30K .	We have found that the noise amplitude away from the Dirac point can be described by a generalized Hooge 's relation in which the Hooge parameter { \alpha } H is not constant but decreases monotonically with the device 's mobility , with a universal dependence that is sample and temperature independent .	We attribute the diverse behavior of gate voltage dependence of the noise amplitude to the relative contributions from various scattering mechanisms , and to potential fluctuations near the Dirac point caused by charge carrier inhomogeneity .	The higher carrier mobility of suspended graphene devices accounts for values of 1/f noise significantly lower than those observed in on-substrate graphene devices and most traditional electronic materials .
+4	The outlook for future thin planar pixel sensor productions will be discussed , with a focus on thin sensors with a thickness of 100 and 150 um and a novel design with the optimized biasing structure and small pixel cells ( 50 um x 50 um and 25 um x 100 um ) .	The ATLAS experiment will undergo a major upgrade of the tracker system in view of the high luminosity phase of the LHC ( HL-LHC ) foreseen to start around 2025 .	Thin planar pixel modules are promising candidates to instrument the new pixel system , thanks to the reduced contribution to the material budget and their high charge collection efficiency after irradiation .	New designs of the pixel cells , with an optimized biasing structure , have been implemented in n-in-p planar pixel productions with sensor thicknesses of 270 um .	Using beam tests , the gain in hit efficiency is investigated as a function of the received irradiation fluence .
+2	As a consequence , optimal order a priori error estimates are established .	We develop a Nitsche fictitious domain method for the Stokes problem starting from a stabilized Galerkin finite element method with low order elements for both the velocity and the pressure .	By introducing additional penalty terms for the jumps in the normal velocity and pressure gradients in the vicinity of the boundary , we show that the method is inf-sup stable .	Moreover , the condition number of the resulting stiffness matrix is shown to be bounded independently of the location of the boundary .	We discuss a general , flexible and freely available implementation of the method in three spatial dimensions and present numerical examples supporting the theoretical results .
+4	The result depends on background geometry .	We investigate stability of the Higgs effective potential in curved spacetime .	To this end , we consider the gauge-less top-Higgs sector with an additional scalar field .	Explicit form of the terms proportional to the squares of the Ricci scalar , the Ricci tensor and the Riemann tensor that arise at the one-loop level in the effective action has been determined .	We have investigated the influence of these terms on the stability of the scalar effective potential .
+3	A new generation of CTEQ parton distributions , CTEQ4 , is presented .	The impact of recent precision measurements of DIS structure functions and inclusive jet production at the Tevatron on the global QCD analysis of parton distribution functions is studied in detail .	Particular emphasis is placed on exploring the range of variation of the gluon distribution $ G ( x , Q ) $ allowed by these new data .	The strong coupling of $ G ( x , Q ) $ with $ \alpha_s $ is fully taken into account .	It consists of the three standard sets ( \mbox { \small { $ \overline { \rm MS } $ } } , { \protect \small DIS } and leading order ) , a series that gives a range of parton distributions with corresponding $ \alpha_s $ 's , and a set with a low starting value of $ Q $ .
+3	The resulting tangle around the sphere is anisotropic and affected by the oscillation .	We perform numerical simulation of quantum turbulence at zero temperature generated by an oscillating sphere .	In this simulation , we injected vortices on the sphere to generate turbulence .	Although we prepare injected vortex loops of identical length , they are extended by the oscillating sphere to form a tangle through numerous reconnections .	The vortex tangle continues to emit vortex loops , which leave the sphere .
+1	To make progress toward answering the difficult question , I listed ways to proceed : ( 1 ) Obtain tighter constraints on the MSW theory by testing it by various neutrino experiments .	In this talk I have raised the question of how the future discovery of leptonic CP violation can be made robust even at accepting the rather large current experimental uncertainties in our knowledges of neutrino propagation in matter .	( 2 ) Measure the matter effect in situ , namely within the experiment for discovering CP violation itself .	( 3 ) Uncover leptonic CP violation in a matter effect free environment .	I also reported a step made toward the above point ( 2 ) by taking neutrino factory as a concrete setting ; An accurate in situ measurement of the matter effect looks promising .
+1	Ages derived from the two different indices by means of the comparison with stellar population synthesis models , are not consistent with each other for at least nine galaxies ( 60 per cent of the sample ) , while for the remaining six galaxies , the ages derived from their global spectral energy distribution ( SED ) fitting are not consistent with those derived from the two indices .	We present a spectroscopic analysis based on measurements of two mainly age-dependent spectrophotometric indices in the 4000A rest frame region , i.e.H+K ( CaII ) and Delta4000 , for a sample of 15 early-type galaxies ( ETGs ) at 0.7 & lt ; z_ { spec } & lt ; 1.1 , morphologically selected in the GOODS-South field .	We then hypothesized that the stellar content of many galaxies is made of two stellar components with different ages .	The double-component analysis , performed by taking into account both the index values and the observed SED , fully explains the observational data and improves the results of the standard one-component SED fitting in 9 out of the 15 objects , i.e.those for which the two indices point towards two different ages .	In all of them , the bulk of the mass belongs to rather evolved stars , while a small mass fraction is many Gyr younger .
+0	Pressure dependence of the electronic and crystal structures of K $ _ { x } $ Fe $ _ { 2-y } $ Se $ _ { 2 } $ , which has pressure-induced two superconducting domes of SC I and SC II , was investigated by x-ray emission spectroscopy and diffraction .	X-ray diffraction data show that compressibility along the c-axis changes around 12 GPa , where a new superconducting phase of SC II appears .	This suggests a possible tetragonal to collapsed tetragonal phase transition .	X-ray emission spectroscopy data also shows the change in the electronic structure around 12 GPa .	These results can be explained by the scenario that the two SC domes under pressure originate from the change of Fermi surface topology .
+3	They deal with logical sequences , i.e. , sequences over an alphabet of logical atoms .	Many real world sequences such as protein secondary structures or shell logs exhibit a rich internal structures .	Traditional probabilistic models of sequences , however , consider sequences of flat symbols only .	Logical hidden Markov models have been proposed as one solution .	This comes at the expense of a more complex model selection problem .
+2	The star has undergone an extensive obscuration minimum during this time .	JHKL observations of the mass-losing carbon Mira variable IRAS 15194-5115 ( II Lup ) extending over about 18 years are presented and discussed .	The pulsation period is 575 days and has remained essentially constant over this time span .	This is complex and , like such minima in similar objects , e.g.R For , does not fit the model predictions of a simple long term periodicity .	Together with the high resolution observations of Lopez et al .
+0	We study the dynamics of anisotropic Bianchi type-IX models with matter and cosmological constant .	The models can be thought as describing the role of anisotropy in the early stages of inflation .	The concurrence of the cosmological constant and anisotropy are sufficient to produce a chaotic dynamics in the gravitational degrees of freedom , connected to the presence of a critical point of saddle-center type in the phase space of the system .	The invariant character of chaos is guaranteed by the topology of the cylinders emanating from unstable periodic orbits in the neighborhood of the saddle-center .	We discuss a possible mechanism for amplification of specific wavelengths of inhomogeneous fluctuations in the models .
+4	We then concentrate on spaces containing only ( interacting ) massive particles .	We investigate 3-dimensional globally hyperbolic AdS manifolds containing `` particles '' , i.e. , cone singularities along a graph $ \Gamma $ .	We impose physically relevant conditions on the cone singularities , e.g.positivity of mass ( angle less than $ 2\pi $ on time-like singular segments ) .	We construct examples of such manifolds , describe the cone singularities that can arise and the way they can interact ( the local geometry near the vertices of $ \Gamma $ ) .	The local geometry near an `` interaction point '' ( a vertex of the singular locus ) has a simple geometric description in terms of polyhedra in the extension of hyperbolic 3-space by the de Sitter space .
+2	This is consistent with the uniformity of spin temperature measured across the Galactic disk .	By combining the data from surveys for HI 21-cm absorption at various impact parameters in near-by galaxies , we report an anti-correlation between the 21-cm absorption strength ( velocity integrated optical depth ) and the impact parameter .	Also , by combining the 21-cm absorption strength with that of the emission , giving the neutral hydrogen column density , we find no evidence that the spin temperature of the gas ( degenerate with the covering factor ) varies significantly across the disk .	Furthermore , comparison with the Galactic distribution suggests that intervening 21-cm absorption preferentially arises in disks of high inclinations ( near face-on ) .	We also investigate the hypothesis that 21-cm absorption is favourably detected towards compact radio sources .
+1	It has obtained promising performance in practical problems , such as detail manipulation , HDR compression and deblurring , and thus has received increasing attentions in fields of graphics , computer vision and image processing .	Optimization-based filtering smoothes an image by minimizing a fidelity function and simultaneously preserves edges by exploiting a sparse norm penalty over gradients .	This paper derives a new type of image filter called sparse norm filter ( SNF ) from optimization-based filtering .	SNF has a very simple form , introduces a general class of filtering techniques , and explains several classic filters as special implementations of SNF , e.g.the averaging filter and the median filter .	It has advantages of being halo free , easy to implement , and low time and memory costs ( comparable to those of the bilateral filter ) .
+2	We calculate radio synchrotron signatures between 0.5 - 35 GHz from hydrodynamical computations of the supernova remnants of Pop III stars in minihaloes .	Primordial stars are key to primeval structure formation as the first stellar components of primeval galaxies , the sources of cosmic chemical enrichment and likely cosmic reionization , and they possibly gave rise to the supermassive black holes residing at the centres of galaxies today .	While the direct detection of individual Pop III stars will likely remain beyond reach for decades to come , we show their supernova remnants may soon be detectable in the radio .	We find that hypernovae yield the brightest systems , with observed radio fluxes as high as 1 - 10 muJy .	Less energetic Type II supernovae yield remnants about a factor of 30 dimmer and pair-instability supernova remnants are dimmer by a factor of more than 10,000 .
+1	The stellar and ionized gas morphology shows lambda-dependent variations due to the combined effects of the dust internal extinction , and the nature and spatial distribution of the different ionizing sources .	The luminous infrared galaxy Arp299 ( IC694+NGC3690 ) is studied using optical integral field spectroscopy obtained with the INTEGRAL system , together with archival Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 and NICMOS images .	The two-dimensional ionization maps have revealed an off-nuclear conical structure of about 4 kpc in length , characterized by high excitation conditions and a radial gradient in the gas electron density .	The apex of this structure coincides with B1 region of NGC3690 which , in turn , presents Seyfert-like ionization , high extinction and a high velocity dispersion .	These results strongly support the hypothesis that B1 is the true nucleus of NGC3690 , where an AGN is located .
+4	While communities often serve as a taxonomic scheme to map knowledge domains , they also affect how successfully scientists engage in the creation of new knowledge .	In this paper , we examine how patterns of scientific collaboration contribute to knowledge creation .	Recent studies have shown that scientists can benefit from their position within collaborative networks by being able to receive more information of better quality in a timely fashion , and by presiding over communication between collaborators .	Here we focus on the tendency of scientists to cluster into tightly-knit communities , and discuss the implications of this tendency for scientific performance .	We begin by reviewing a new method for finding communities , and we then assess its benefits in terms of computation time and accuracy .
+1	We develop a canonical representation based on binary decision diagrams and introduce operators to manipulate the developed representation model .	A rotation-based synthesis framework for reversible logic is proposed .	Furthermore , a recursive functional bi-decomposition approach is proposed to automatically synthesize a given function .	While Boolean reversible logic is particularly addressed , our framework constructs intermediate quantum states that may be in superposition , hence we combine techniques from reversible Boolean logic and quantum computation .	The proposed approach results in quadratic gate count for multiple-control Toffoli gates without ancillae , linear depth for quantum carry-ripple adder , and quasilinear size for quantum multiplexer .
+3	At $ x=0.5 $ , we show that the $ \sqrt { 3 } a\times2a $ off-plane Na dopant order induces weak $ \sqrt { 3 } a\times1a $ charge order in the Co layer .	The nature of electronic states due to strong correlation and geometric frustration on the triangular lattice is investigated in connection to the unconventional insulating state of Na $ _x $ CoO $ _2 $ at $ x=0.5 $ .	We study an extended Hubbard model using a spatially unrestricted Gutzwiller approximation .	We find a new class of charge and spin ordered states at $ x=1/3 $ and $ x=0.5 $ where antiferromagnetic ( AF ) frustration is alleviated via weak charge inhomogeneity .	The symmetry breaking enables successive $ \sqrt { 3 } a\times1a $ AF and $ 2a\times2a $ charge/spin ordering transitions at low temperatures .
+4	Here we demonstrate a very general and simple way for transfer of molecules from one quantum state to a neighboring quantum state with better than 99 % efficiency .	The emerging field of ultracold molecules with their rich internal structure is currently attracting a lot of interest .	Various methods have been developed to produce ultracold molecules in pre-set quantum states .	For future experiments it will be important to efficiently transfer these molecules from their initial quantum state to other quantum states of interest .	Optical Raman schemes are excellent tools for transfer , but can be involved in terms of equipment , laser stabilization and finding the right transitions .
+3	The Large Area Telescope ( LAT ) instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has measured the diffuse gamma-ray emission with improved sensitivity and resolution compared to EGRET .	The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission is produced by cosmic rays ( CRs ) interacting with the interstellar gas and radiation field .	Measurements by the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope ( EGRET ) instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory indicated excess gamma-ray emission & gt ; 1 GeV relative to diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission models consistent with directly measured CR spectra ( the so-called `` EGRET GeV excess '' ) .	The excess emission was observed in all directions on the sky , and a variety of explanations have been proposed , including beyond-the-Standard-Model scenarios like annihilating or decaying dark matter .	We report on LAT measurements of the diffuse gamma-ray emission for energies 100 MeV to 10 GeV and Galactic latitudes 10 deg .
+2	A 1.2 GeV polarized electron beam was scattered off a cryogenic hydrogen target .	Jefferson Lab experiment E08-007 measured the proton elastic form factor ratio $ \mu_pG_E/G_M $ in the range of $ Q^2=0.3-0.7 ( \mathrm { GeV } /c ) ^2 $ by recoil polarimetry .	Data were taken in 2008 at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Virginia , USA .	The recoil proton was detected in the left HRS in coincidence with the elasticly scattered electrons tagged by the BigBite spectrometer .	The proton polarization was measured by the focal plane polarimeter ( FPP ) .
+0	The identification of cancer stem cells in vivo and in vitro relies on specific surface markers that should allow to sort cancer cells in phenotypically distinct subpopulations .	Experiments report that sorted cancer cell populations after some time tend to express again all the original markers , leading to the hypothesis of phenotypic switching , according to which cancer cells can transform stochastically into cancer stem cells .	Here we explore an alternative explanation based on the hypothesis that markers are not perfect and are thus unable to identify all cancer stem cells .	Our analysis is based on a mathematical model for cancer cell proliferation that takes into account phenotypic switching , imperfect markers and error in the sorting process .	Our conclusion is that the observation of reversible expression of surface markers after sorting does not provide sufficient evidence in support of phenotypic switching .
+4	The influence of hard-bias magnetic field on MR transfer curves of sing MTJ sensor and MTJs array sensor are investigated .	Establishment of home-made measurement setups for the characterization of MR sensor is proposed and described here .	The MR loops of MR sensors can be obtained with the instrument using two-point probe measurement and four-point probe measurement .	Two pairs of Helmholtz coils can supply a hard-axis magnetic field and a soft-axis magnetic field for the sensor .	The single MTJ sensor and MTJs array sensor in Wheatstone bridge were characterized and compared here .
+2	When we glue the throat to a compact bulk Calabi-Yau , we generate a D-brane potential which is a solution to the Laplace equation on the resolved conifold .	In this paper we obtain a model of Natural Inflation from string theory with a Planckian decay constant .	We investigate D-brane dynamics in the background of the warped resolved conifold ( WRC ) throat approximation of Type IIB string compactifications on Calabi-Yau manifolds .	We can exactly solve this equation , including dependence on the angular coordinates .	The solutions are valid down to the tip of the resolved conifold , which is not the case for the more commonly used deformed conifold .
+3	We prove that if a semi-Riemannian manifold is one of flat , proper recurrent or proper Ricci-recurrent , then it can not admit an $ ( \varepsilon ) $ -para Sasakian structure .	In this paper we introduce the concept of $ ( \varepsilon ) $ -almost paracontact manifolds , and in particular , of $ ( \varepsilon ) $ -para Sasakian manifolds .	Several examples are presented .	Some typical identities for curvature tensor and Ricci tensor of $ ( \varepsilon ) $ -para Sasakian manifolds are obtained .	We show that , for an $ ( \varepsilon ) $ -para Sasakian manifold , the conditions of being symmetric , semi-symmetric or of constant sectional curvature are all identical .
+0	We present a measurement of the branching fractions and charge-parity- ( CP- ) violating parameters in B - & gt ; omega K decays .	The results are obtained from the final data sample containing 772 x 10^ ( 6 ) BBbar pairs collected at the Y ( 4S ) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider .	We obtain the branching fractions B ( B0 - & gt ; omega K0 ) = ( 4.5 +/- 0.4 ( stat ) +/- 0.3 ( syst ) ) x 10^ ( -6 ) , B ( B- - & gt ; omega K- ) = ( 6.8 +/- 0.4 ( stat ) +/- 0.4 ( syst ) ) x 10^ ( -6 ) , which are in agreement with their respective current world averages .	For the CP violating parameters , we obtain A ( B0 - & gt ; omega KS ) = -0.36 +/- 0.19 ( stat ) +/- 0.05 ( syst ) , S ( B0 - & gt ; omega KS ) = +0.91 +/- 0.32 ( stat ) +/- 0.05 ( syst ) , A ( B- - & gt ; omega K- ) = -0.03 +/- 0.04 ( stat ) +/- 0.01 syst ) , where A and S represent the direct and mixing-induced CP asymmetry , respectively .	We find no evidence of CP violation in the decay channel B -- & gt ; omega K- ; however , we obtain the first evidence of CP violation in the B0 - & gt ; omega KS decay channel at the level of 3.1 standard deviations .
+1	Our computation relies on the static solutions of the semi-classical equations of motion .	We discuss the issue of screening and confinement of external colour charges in bosonised two-dimensional quantum chromodynamics .	The significance of the different representations of the matter field is explicitly studied .	We arrive at the conclusion that the screening phase prevails , even in the presence of a small mass term for the fermions .	To confirm this result further , we outline the construction of operators corresponding to screened quarks .
+3	However , unlike conventional optical holography , the propagations of electron wave packets are affected by the Coulomb potential as well as by the laser field .	Strong field photoelectron holography has been proposed as a means for interrogating the spatial and temporal information of electrons and ions in a dynamic system .	After ionization , part of the electron wave packet may directly go to the detector ( the reference wave ) , while another part may be driven back to the ion where it scatters off ( the signal wave ) .	The interference hologram of the two waves may be used to retrieve the target information .	In addition , electrons are emitted over the whole laser pulse duration , thus multiple interferences may occur .
+2	In this paper , we propose a new scheme , Gaussian elimination with randomized complete pivoting ( GERCP ) for the efficient and reliable LU factorization of a given matrix .	Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting ( GEPP ) has long been among the most widely used methods for computing the LU factorization of a given matrix .	However , this method is also known to fail for matrices that induce large element growth during the factorization process .	GERCP satisfies GECP ( Gaussian elimination with complete pivoting ) style element growth bounds with high probability , yet costs only marginally higher than GEPP .	Our numerical experimental results strongly suggest that GERCP is as reliable as GECP and as efficient as GEPP for computing the LU factorization .
+4	Beside the general results about the map degrees between quasitoric 4-manifolds , the connections among Duan-Wang 's approach , the quadratic forms , the number theory and the lattices is established .	We study the map degrees between quasitoric 4-manifolds .	Our results rely on Theorems proved by Duan and Wang .	We determine the set D ( M , N ) of all possible map degrees from M to N when M and N are certain quasitoric 4-manifolds .	The obtained sets of integers are interesting , e. g. those representable as the sum of two squares D ( C P^2 # C P^2 , C P^2 ) or the sum of three squares D ( C P^2 # C P^2 # C P^2 , C P^2 ) .
+0	The wide luminosity dispersion seen for stars at a given effective temperature in the H-R diagrams of young clusters and star forming regions is often interpreted as due to significant ( ~10 Myr ) spreads in stellar contraction age .	In the scenario where most stars are born with circumstellar discs , and that disc signatures decay monotonically ( on average ) over timescales of only a few Myr , then any such age spread should lead to clear differences in the age distributions of stars with and without discs .	We have investigated large samples of stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster ( ONC ) using three methods to diagnose disc presence from infrared measurements .	We find no significant difference in the mean ages or age distributions of stars with and without discs , consistent with expectations for a coeval population .	Using a simple quantitative model we show that any real age spread must be smaller than the median disc lifetime .
+4	The jet is heavy , highly magnetized , and driven by magnetic and centrifugal forces .	We present results from axisymmetric , time-dependent hydrodynamical ( HD ) and magnetohydrodynamical ( MHD ) simulations of a gaseous envelope collapsing onto a black hole ( BH ) .	We consider gas with so small angular momentum that after an initial transient , the flow in the HD case , accretes directly onto a BH without forming a rotationally support torus .	However , in the MHD case even with a very weak initial magnetic field , the flow settles into a configuration with four components : ( i ) an equatorial inflow , ( ii ) a bipolar outflow , ( iii ) polar funnel outflow , and ( iv ) polar funnel inflow .	We focus our analysis on the second flow component of the MHD flow which represents a simple yet robust example of a well-organized inflow/outflow solution to the problem of MHD jet formation .
+2	We derive physical consequences of the fixed point by showing how they follow from renormalization group equations for finite-size scaling , where the size may be set by the temperature or by the frequency of interest .	We expand upon on an earlier renormalization group analysis of a non-Fermi liquid fixed point that plausibly govers the two dimensional electron liquid in a magnetic field near filling fraction $ \nu=1/2 $ .	We give a more complete description of our somewhat unorthodox renormalization group transformation by relating both our field-theoretic approach to a direct mode elimination and our anisotropic scaling to the general problem of incorporating curvature of the Fermi surface .	In order fully to exploit this approach , it is necessary to take into account composite operators , including in some cases dangerous `` irrelevant '' operators .	We devote special attention to gauge invariance , both as a formal requirement and in its positive role providing Ward identities constraining the renormalization of composite operators .
+1	Estimating dynamic networks is an important task because they compromise valuable information about interactions among genes .	Dynamic gene-regulatory networks are complex since the number of potential components involved in the system is very large .	Graphical models are a powerful class of models to estimate conditional independence among random variables , e.g.interactions in dynamic systems .	Indeed , these interactions tend to vary over time .	However , the literature has been focused on static networks , which can only reveal overall structures .
+0	The coupled-channel theory is a natural way of treating nonelastic channels , in particular those arising from collective excitations characterized by nuclear deformations .	A proper treatment of such excitations is often essential to the accurate description of experimental nuclear-reaction data and to the prediction of a wide variety of scattering observables .	Stimulated by recent work substantiating the near validity of the adiabatic approximation in coupled-channel calculations for scattering on statically deformed nuclei , we explore the possibility of generalizing a global spherical optical model potential ( OMP ) to make it usable in coupled-channel calculations on this class of nuclei .	To do this , we have deformed the Koning-Delaroche global spherical potential for neutrons , coupling a sufficient number of states of the ground state band to ensure convergence .	We present an extensive study of the effects of collective couplings and nuclear deformations on integrated cross sections as well as on angular distributions for neutron-induced reactions on statically deformed nuclei in the rare-earth region .
+4	Subsequently a correlation is developed between these micro parameters and the steady state cohesion in the limit of zero confining pressure .	Wet granular materials in a quasi-static steady state shear flow have been studied with discrete particle simulations .	Macroscopic quantities , consistent with the conservation laws of continuum theory , are obtained by time averaging and spatial coarse-graining .	Initial studies involve understanding the effect of liquid content and liquid properties like the surface tension on the macroscopic quantities .	Two parameters of the liquid bridge contact model have been studied as the constitutive parameters that define the structure of this model ( i ) the rupture distance of the liquid bridge model , which is proportional to the liquid content , and ( ii ) the maximum adhesive force , as controlled by the surface tension of the liquid .
+4	In the presence of a GB term coupled to the field $ \phi $ , we express the scalar/tensor spectral indices $ n_ { s } $ and $ n_ { t } $ as well as the tensor-to-scalar ratio $ r $ in terms of two slow-roll parameters and place bounds on the strength of the GB coupling from the joint data analysis of WMAP 7yr combined with other observations .	We study chaotic inflation in the context of modified gravitational theories .	Our analysis covers models based on ( i ) a field coupling $ \omega ( \phi ) $ with the kinetic energy $ X $ and a nonmimimal coupling $ \zeta \phi^ { 2 } R/2 $ with a Ricci scalar $ R $ , ( ii ) Brans-Dicke ( BD ) theories , ( iii ) Gauss-Bonnet ( GB ) gravity , and ( iv ) gravity with a Galileon correction .	Dilatonic coupling with the kinetic energy and/or negative nonminimal coupling are shown to lead to compatibility with observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) temperature anisotropies for the self-coupling inflaton potential $ V ( \phi ) =\lambda \phi^ { 4 } /4 $ .	BD theory with a quadratic inflaton potential , which covers Starobinsky 's $ f ( R ) $ model $ f ( R ) =R+R^ { 2 } / ( 6M^ { 2 } ) $ with the BD parameter $ \omega_ { BD } =0 $ , gives rise to a smaller tensor-to-scalar ratio for decreasing $ \omega_ { BD } $ .
+4	It concludes by looking at improvements to the models now in the pipeline .	The post-shock flow in the accretion region of MCVs is considered to be a magnetically confined cooling flow .	The X-ray spectrum from this hot plasma is emitted from a range of temperatures and densities .	Extracting information from such spectra obtained with the next generation of X-ray satellites will rely on models for the structure of this flow which include appropriate treatment of the cooling mechanisms , boundary conditions and of absorptions and reflection components .	This paper summarises the current situation and explores some of the difficulties arising in the exploitation of the line emission from these systems .
+3	Different structural dimensions including the sizes of the substructures and spacing between the substructures are used to study the geometrical effects on hydrogen storage capacity in carbon materials .	Grand Canonical Monte Carlo ( GCMC ) simulations are performed to study hydrogen physisorption in different nano carbon porous materials made up of different substructures including carbon nanotubes ( CNT ) , graphene sheets and C60 .	Hydrogen weight percentage ( wt % ) at different temperatures with pressure ranging from 1 to 20MPa are predicted .	Fugacity and quantum effects on hydrogen adsorption are investigated .	The calculated results generally agree well with available data from other calculations .
+0	A superconductor with 4-fermion attraction , considered by Ma\ ' { c } kowiak and Tarasewicz is modified by adding to the Hamiltonian a long-range magnetic interaction $ V $ between conduction fermions and localized distinguishable spin 1/2 magnetic impurities .	$ V $ has the form of a reduced s-d interaction .	An upper and lower bound to the system 's free energy density $ f ( H , \beta ) $ is derived and the two bounds are shown to coalesce in the thermodynamic limit .	The resulting mean-field equations for the gap $ \Delta $ and a parameter $ y $ , characterizing the impurity subsystem are solved and the solution minimizing $ f $ is found for various values of magnetic coupling constant $ g $ and impurity concentration .	The phase diagrams of the system are depicted with five distinct phases : the normal phase , unperturbed superconducting phase , perturbed superconducting phase with nonzero gap in the excitation spectrum , perturbed gapless superconducting phase and impurity phase with completely suppressed superconductivity .
+2	The fact that the CP^1 model is equivalent to the O ( 3 ) nonlinear sigma model , allows for a comparison to the full pressure up to 1/N^2 corrections for N=3 .	Using the 1/N expansion , we study the influence of quantum instantons on the thermodynamics of the CP^ ( N-1 ) model in 1+1 dimensions .	We do this by calculating the pressure to next-to-leading order in 1/N , without quantum instanton contributions .	Assuming validity of the 1/N expansion for the CP^1 model makes it possible to argue that the pressure for intermediate temperatures is dominated by the effects of quantum instantons .	A similar conclusion can be drawn for general N values by using the fact that the entropy should always be positive .
+2	The first method is to investigate the structure of singularities , in order to possibly find closed form singlevalued solutions obeying this structure .	In order to describe the coupling between the Kerr nonlinearity and the stimulated Brillouin scattering , Mauger et alii recently proposed a system of partial differential equations in three complex amplitudes .	We perform here its analytic study by two methods .	The second method is to look at the infinitesimal symmetries of the system in order to build reductions to a lesser number of independent variables .	Our overall conclusion is that the structure of singularities is too intricate to obtain closed form solutions by the usual methods .
+2	Initialization and measurement can be performed either by spin injection from/to ferromagnets , or by using spin filters and mesoscopic spin polarizing beam-splitters .	We describe and discuss a solid state proposal for quantum computation with mobile spin qubits in one-dimensional systems , based on recent advances in spintronics .	Static electric fields are used to implement a universal set of quantum gates , via the spin-orbit and exchange couplings .	The vulnerability of this proposal to various sources of error is estimated by numerical simulations .	We also assess the suitability of various materials currently used in nanotechnology for an actual implementation of our model .
+3	For each layer thickness N , distinctive peaks are found in the infrared range , with positions obeying a simple scaling relation .	While preserving many of the unusual features of single-layer graphene , few-layer graphene ( FLG ) provides a richness and flexibility of electronic structure that render this set of materials of great interest for both fundamental studies and applications .	Essential for progress , however , is an understanding of the evolution of the electronic structure of these materials with increasing layer number .	In this report , the evolution of the electronic structure of FLG , for N = 1 - 8 atomic layers , has been characterized by measurements of the optical conductivity spectra .	The observations are explained by a unified zone-folding scheme that generates the electronic structure for all FLG materials from that of bulk graphite .
+4	The results indicate that the closure parameters are nearly universal for subsonic or moderately transonic flows , although the resolution of $ 432^ { 3 } $ grid cells in our simulations is not quite sufficient to clearly establish scale invariance .	We present numerical calculations of the parameters $ C_ { \nu } $ , $ C_ { \epsilon } $ and $ C_ { \kappa } $ associated with the common closures for turbulence production , dissipation and diffusion .	In the case of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence , these parameters are expected to be statistically scale-invariant within the inertial subrange .	In order to scrutinise this conjecture , we utilised a generalisation of the Germano filtering formalism , which is applicable to compressible flows as well .	The filtering of data obtained from three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of forced isotropic turbulence with Mach numbers in the range $ \sim 0.1 ... 1 $ then yielded values of the closure parameters associated with different length scales .
+0	We derive the equations of motion for electroweak MSSM with a right-handed Stop , from which we derive the equations for the electromagnetic field that arises from bubble nucleation and collisions during the first order electroweak phase transition that can occur in this MSSM .	Introducing an isospin ansatz we derive e.o.m .	for the electrically charged W fields uncoupled from all other fields .	These serve as the current for the Maxwell-like e.o.m .	for the em field .
+4	We cover the relevant temperature range from 0.5 Tc up to the confinement temperature Tc using 57 different sets of pure gauge lattice configurations with four temporal extensions ( 4,6,8,12 ) , different beta and a spatial volume of 48^3 in lattice units .	We investigate the critical curve of the string tension sigma ( T ) as a function of temperature in quenched gauge invariant SU ( 3 ) lattice gauge theory .	We extract sigma ( T ) from the colour averaged free energy of a static quark-antiquark pair .	To compute the free energy , we utilize a pair of gauge invariant Polyakov loop and antiloop correlations , and apply the multihit procedure to enhance the signal to noise ratio .	We find that the string tension departs from the zero temperature sigma ( 0 ) at T close to 0.5 Tc .
+1	The gravitational wave is identified by its Petrov Type N contribution to a Dirac delta-function term in the Weyl conformal curvature tensor ( with the delta-function singular on the null hypersurface history of the wave and shell ) .	The Barrab\`es-Israel theory of light-like shells in General Relativity is used to show explicitly that in general a light-like shell is accompanied by an impulsive gravitational wave .	An example is described in which an asymptotically flat static vacuum Weyl space-time experiences a sudden change across a null hypersurface in the multipole moments of its isolated axially symmetric source .	A light-like shell and an impulsive gravitational wave are identified , both having the null hypersurface as history .	The stress-energy in the shell is dominated ( at large distance from the source ) by the jump in the monopole moment ( the mass ) of the source with the jump in the quadrupole moment mainly responsible for the stress being anisotropic .
+3	Equip the space of stationary measures with the weak* topology .	Let $ G $ be a countably infinite group , and let $ \mu $ be a generating probability measure on $ G $ .	We study the space of $ \mu $ -stationary Borel probability measures on a topological $ G $ space , and in particular on $ Z^G $ , where $ Z $ is any perfect Polish space .	We also study the space of $ \mu $ -stationary , measurable $ G $ -actions on a standard , nonatomic probability space .	When $ \mu $ has finite entropy , we show that a generic measure is an essentially free extension of the Poisson boundary of $ ( G , \mu ) $ .
+0	We describe a system to transport and identify barium ions produced in liquid xenon , as part of R & amp ; D towards the second phase of a double beta decay experiment , nEXO .	The goal is to identify the Ba ion resulting from an extremely rare nuclear decay of the isotope $ ^ { 136 } $ Xe , hence providing a confirmation of the occurrence of the decay .	This is achieved through Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy ( RIS ) .	In the test setup described here , Ba ions can be produced in liquid xenon or vacuum and collected on a clean substrate .	This substrate is then removed to an analysis chamber under vacuum , where laser-induced thermal desorption and RIS are used with time-of-flight ( TOF ) mass spectroscopy for positive identification of the barium decay product .
+4	The trap is intrinsically cold and reaches an effective temperature of 0.8 K , limited by technical noise in our apparatus .	We report on a stable optical trap suitable for a macroscopic mirror , wherein the dynamics of the mirror are fully dominated by radiation pressure .	The technique employs two frequency-offset laser fields to simultaneously create a stiff optical restoring force and a viscous optical damping force .	We show how these forces may be used to optically trap a free mass without introducing thermal noise ; and we demonstrate the technique experimentally with a 1 gram mirror .	The observed optical spring has an inferred Young 's modulus of 1.2 TPa , 20 % stiffer than diamond .
+3	One way to use the strong-interaction limit , more relevant for solid-state physical devices , is to define a new framework to do practical , non-conventional , DFT calculations in which a strong-interacting reference system is used instead of the traditional non-interacting one of Kohn and Sham .	Improving the accuracy and thus broadening the applicability of electronic density functional theory ( DFT ) is crucial to many research areas , from material science , to theoretical chemistry , biophysics and biochemistry .	In the last three years , the mathematical structure of the strong-interaction limit of density functional theory has been uncovered , and exact information on this limit has started to become available .	The aim of this paper is to give a perspective on how this new piece of exact information can be used to treat situations that are problematic for standard Kohn-Sham DFT .	Another way to proceed , more related to chemical applications , is to include the exact treatment of the strong-interaction limit into approximate exchange-correlation energy density functionals in order to describe difficult situations such as the breaking of the chemical bond .
+1	This is an increasingly pressing problem for precision radial velocity ( RV ) spectrographs in the near-infrared ( NIR ) and optical that require both high stability of the observed line profiles and high signal to noise .	Modal noise in optical fibers imposes limits on the signal to noise and velocity precision achievable with the next generation of astronomical spectrographs .	Many of these spectrographs plan to use highly coherent emission line calibration sources like laser frequency combs and Fabry-Perot etalons to achieve precision sufficient to detect terrestrial mass planets .	These high precision calibration sources often use single mode fibers or highly coherent sources .	Coupling light from single mode fibers to multi-mode fibers leads to only a very low number of modes being excited , thereby exacerbating the modal noise measured by the spectrograph .
+1	Models predict that giant planet formation carves a deep gap in the dust component ( shallower in the gas ) .	Gaseous giant planet formation is thought to occur in the first few million years following stellar birth .	Infrared observations of the disk around the young star HD142527 , at ~140pc , found an inner disk ~10AU in radius , surrounded by a particularly large gap , with a disrupted outer disk beyond 140AU , indicative of a perturbing planetary-mass body at ~90 AU .	From radio observations , the bulk mass is molecular and lies in the outer disk , whose continuum emission has a horseshoe morphology .	The vigorous stellar accretion rate would deplete the inner disk in less than a year , so in order to sustain the observed accretion , matter must flow from the outer-disk into the cavity and cross the gap .
+1	As a successful theory in offering this naturalness , technicolor with a scalar doublet and two both $ SU ( 3 ) _c $ and $ SU ( N_ { TC } ) $ colored scalars , which is considered as a low-energy effective theory , is proposed after the discovery of SM-like Higgs boson .	The SM-like Higgs boson with mass of 125 GeV discovered at the LHC is subject to a natural interpretation of electroweak symmetry breaking .	At present status , the model can be consistent with both the direct and indirect experimental limits .	In particular , the consistency with precision electroweak measurements is realized by the colored scalars , which give rise to a large { \it negative } contribution to $ S $ parameter .	It is also promising to detect techni-pions and these colored scalars at the LHC .
+0	This article investigates combinatorial properties of non-ambiguous trees .	These objects we define may be seen either as binary trees drawn on a grid with some constraints , or as a subset of the tree-like tableaux previously defined by Aval , Boussicault and Nadeau .	The enumeration of non-ambiguous trees satisfying some additional constraints allows us to give elegant combinatorial proofs of identities due to Carlitz , and to Ehrenborg and Steingr\'imsson .	We also provide a hook formula to count the number of non-ambiguous trees with a given underlying tree .	Finally , we use non-ambiguous trees to describe a very natural bijection between parallelogram polyominoes and binary trees .
+3	First , we develop a class of binaural SSL models based on Gaussian process regression and solve a \emph { forward selection } problem that finds a subset of input-output samples that best generalize to all SSL directions .	From a machine learning perspective , the human ability localize sounds can be modeled as a non-parametric and non-linear regression problem between binaural spectral features of sound received at the ears ( input ) and their sound-source directions ( output ) .	The input features can be summarized in terms of the individual 's head-related transfer functions ( HRTFs ) which measure the spectral response between the listener 's eardrum and an external point in $ 3 $ D .	Based on these viewpoints , two related problems are considered : how can one achieve an optimal sampling of measurements for training sound-source localization ( SSL ) models , and how can SSL models be used to infer the subject 's HRTFs in listening tests .	Second , we use an \emph { active-learning } approach that updates an online SSL model for inferring the subject 's SSL errors via headphones and a graphical user interface .
+0	We study numerically and analytically the shape of a single fluxon moving in a double stacked Josephson junctions ( SJJ 's ) for various junction parameters .	We show that the fluxon in a double SJJ 's consists of two components , which are characterized by different Swihart velocities and Josephson penetration depths .	The weight coefficients of the two components depend on the parameters of the junctions and the velocity of the fluxon .	It is shown that the fluxon in SJJ 's may have an unusual shape with an inverted magnetic field in the second junction when the velocity of the fluxon is approaching the lower Swihart velocity .	Finally , we study the influence of fluxon shape on flux-flow current-voltage characteristics and analyze the spectrum of Cherenkov radiation for fluxon velocity above the lower Swihart velocity .
+1	The phase transition between the Gravity and Antigravity phases turned out to be asymmetrical , so that we observed the scaling laws only when the Newton constant approached the critical value from perturbative side .	We performed detailed study of the phase transition region in Four Dimensional Simplicial Quantum Gravity , using the dynamical triangulation approach .	The curvature susceptibility diverges with the scaling index $ -.6 $ .	The physical ( i.e.measured with heavy particle propagation ) Hausdorff dimension of the manifolds , which is 2.3 in the Gravity phase and 4.6 in the Antigravity phase , turned out to be 4 at the critical point , within the measurement accuracy .	These facts indicate the existence of the continuum limit in Four Dimensional Euclidean Quantum Gravity .
+1	The optical response of plasma is initially modeled by using the concept of two counter-propagating electromagnetic waves .	The electron residual energy originated from the stochastic heating in under-dense field-ionized plasma is here investigated .	The solution of motion equation of a single electron indicates that by including the ionization , the electron with higher residual energy compared to the case without ionization could be obtained .	In agreement with chaotic nature of the motion , it is found that the electron residual energy will significantly be changed by applying a minor change to the initial conditions .	Extensive kinetic 1D-3V particle-in-cell ( PIC ) simulations have been performed in order to resolve full plasma reactions .
+4	However , in many applications such as MPEG transmission , there is a need for Unequal Error Protection ( UEP ) : namely , some data symbols require higher error correction capabilities compared to others .	Raptor codes are the first class of fountain codes with linear time encoding and decoding .	These codes are recommended in standards such as Third Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP ) and digital video broadcasting .	RaptorQ codes are an extension to Raptor codes , having better coding efficiency and flexibility .	Standard Raptor and RaptorQ codes are systematic with equal error protection of the data .
+4	The method has been particularly successful for its application in particle accelerators ( Dumas and Laskar , 1993 , Laskar and Robin , 1996 , Robin et al. , 2000 , Comunian et al. , 2001 , Papaphilippou and Zimmermann , 2002 , Steier et al. , 2002 ) , and was also used for the understanding of atomic physics ( Milczewski et al. , 1997 ) , or more general dynamical system issues ( Laskar et al. , 1992 , Laskar , 1993 , 1999 , Chandre et al. , 2001 ) .	Frequency Map Analysis is a numerical method based on refined Fourier techniques which provides a clear representation of the global dynamics of many multi-dimensional systems , and which is particularly adapted for systems of 3-degrees of freedom and more .	This method relies heavily on the possibility of making accurate quasiperiodic approximations of of quasiperiodic signal given in a numerical way .	In the present paper , we will describe the basis of the frequency analysis method , focussing on the quasi periodic approximation techniques .	Application of these methods for the study of the global dynamics and chaotic diffusion of Hamiltonian systems and symplectic maps in different domains can be found in ( Laskar , 1988 , 1990 , Laskar and Robutel , 1993 , Robutel and Laskar , 2001 , Nesvorny and Ferraz-Mello , 1997 ) for solar system dynamics , and in ( Papaphilippou and Laskar , 1996 , 1998 , Laskar , 2000 , Wachlin and Ferraz-Mello , 1998 , Valluri and Merritt , 1998 , Merritt and Valluri , 1999 ) for galactic dynamics .
+4	We developed a method to investigate the connections existing between gas consumption processes and star formation processes in the context of the two extended-body interaction with special attention to the dwarf galaxies dynamical regime .	Dissipative phenomena occurring during the orbital evolution of a dwarf satellite galaxy around a host galaxy may leave signatures in the star formation activity and signatures in the colour magnitude diagram of the galaxy stellar content .	Our goal is to reach a simple and qualitative description of the these complicated phenomena .	We develop an analytical and numerical technique able to study ram pressure , Kelvin-Helmholtz instability , Rayleigh-Taylor and tidal forces acting on the star formation processes in molecular clouds .	We consider it together with synthetic colour magnitude diagrams techniques .
+1	Twelve nucleon decay modes were searched for .	Searches for a nucleon decay into a charged anti-lepton ( e^+ or { \mu } ^+ ) plus a light meson ( { \pi } ^0 , { \pi } ^- , { \eta } , { \rho } ^0 , { \rho } ^- , { \omega } ) were performed using the Super-Kamiokande I and II data .	The total exposure is 140.9 kiloton \cdot years , which includes a 91.7 kiloton \cdot year exposure ( 1489.2 live days ) of Super-Kamiokande-I and a 49.2 kiloton \cdot year exposure ( 798.6 live days ) of Super-Kamiokande-II .	The number of candidate events in the data was consistent with the atmospheric neutrino background expectation .	No significant evidence for a nucleon decay was observed in the data .
+0	We report an infrared 1-1.8 micron ( J+H-bands ) , low-resolution ( R=450 ) spectrogram of the highest-redshift radio-loud quasar currently known , SDSS J083643.85+005453.3 , obtained during the spectroscopic commissioning run of the FLAMINGOS multi-object , near-infrared spectrograph at the 8m Gemini-South Observatory .	These data show broad emission from both CIV 1549 and CIII ] 1909 , with strengths comparable to lower-redshift quasar composite spectra .	The implication is that there is substantial enrichment of the quasar environment , even at times less than a billion years after the Big Bang .	The redshift derived from these features is z = 5.774 +/- 0.003 , more accurate and slightly lower than the z = 5.82 reported in the discovery paper based on the partially-absorbed Lyman-alpha emission line .	The infrared continuum is significantly redder than lower-redshift quasar composites .
+2	We construct explicit generic fibrations ( with only indefinite fold singularities ) in a neighborhood of this multiple fiber .	Given some type of fibration on a 4-manifold $ X $ with a torus regular fiber $ T $ , we may produce a new 4-manifold $ X_T $ by performing torus surgery on $ T $ .	There is a natural way to extend the fibration to $ X_T $ , but a multiple fiber ( non-generic ) singularity is introduced .	As an application this gives explicit constructions of broken Lefschetz fibrations on all elliptic surfaces ( e.g.the family $ E ( n ) _ { p , q } $ ) .	As part of the construction we produce generic fibrations around exceptional fibers of Seifert fibered spaces .
+3	By applying techniques similar to those used for the analogous complex and real spherical ensembles , the eigenvalue jpdf and correlation functions are calculated .	One can identify a tripartite classification of random matrix ensembles into geometrical universality classes corresponding to the plane , the sphere and the anti-sphere .	The plane is identified with Ginibre-type ( iid ) matrices and the anti-sphere with truncations of unitary matrices .	This paper focusses on an ensemble corresponding to the sphere : matrices of the form $ \bY= \bA^ { -1 } \bB $ , where $ \bA $ and $ \bB $ are independent $ N\times N $ matrices with iid standard Gaussian real quaternion entries .	This completes the exploration of spherical matrices using the traditional Dyson indices $ \beta=1,2,4 $ .
+2	Such assumptions can often lead to misspecification errors when the random effects are not normal .	Linear mixed models ( LMMs ) are used as an important tool in the data analysis of repeated measures and longitudinal studies .	The most common form of LMMs utilize a normal distribution to model the random effects .	One approach to remedy the misspecification errors is to utilize a point-mass distribution to model the random effects ; this is known as the nonparametric maximum likelihood-fitted ( NPML ) model .	The NPML model is flexible but requires a large number of parameters to characterize the random-effects distribution .
+3	The transition peak near to 835C corresponds to alpha to beta-phase transition of BiFeO3 were measured using diffential thermal analysis ( DTA ) .	Structural , electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.9-xLa0.1ErxFeO3 ( BLEFOx ) ( x = 0.05 , 0.07 , 0.1 ) polycrystalline ceramics prepared by solid solution route were studied .	A phase transition from rhombohedral phase to monoclinic phase was observed for x=0.05-0.1 in ( BLEFOx ) .	We have measured phase transition temperatures both alpha-beta transition and low-Temperature ( low-T ) transitions in doped BiFeO3 .	Dielectric measurements shows the low-T transitions in BLEFOx ( x = 0.05-0.1 ) .
+1	Our approach is general and makes no assumption about the environment , shape , or size of the groups .	We present a new algorithm to simulate dynamic group behaviors for interactive multi-agent crowd simulation .	We use the least effort principle to perform coherent group navigation and present efficient inter-group and intra-group maintenance techniques .	We extend the reciprocal collision avoidance scheme to perform agent-group and group-group collision avoidance that can generate collision-free as well as coherent and trajectories .	The additional overhead of dynamic group simulation is relatively small .
+3	Both models based on discretely sampled continuous time processes and discrete time models will be discussed .	Stochastic volatility modelling of financial processes has become increasingly popular .	The proposed models usually contain a stationary volatility process .	We will motivate and review several nonparametric methods for estimation of the density of the volatility process .	The key insight for the analysis is a transformation of the volatility density estimation problem to a deconvolution model for which standard methods exist .
+3	This law states that the first digits of numbers in data sets are not uniformly distributed but often , not always , follow a logarithmic distribution such that the numbers beginning with smaller digits appear more frequently than those with larger ones .	An important aspect of religious association is that adherents , as part of their religious duty , carry out various activities .	One religious group known for keeping the elaborate records of day-to-day activities of its members is the Jehovah 's Witnesses ( JWs ) -a worldwide Christian religious group .	We analyze the historical records of the country-wide data associated with twelve different religious activities of JWs to see if there are any patterns in the distribution of the first digits as predicted by Benford 's law .	We find that the data on religious activities like peak publishers , pioneer publishers , baptizations , public meetings , congregations , bible studies , time spent in door-to-door contacts , attendances at the memorial services , total literature and individual magazines distributed , new subscriptions and back-calls received excellently conforms to Benford 's law .
+0	We consider renormalization group flows between conformal field theories in five ( six ) dimensions with a string ( M-theory ) dual .	By compactifying on a circle ( torus ) with appropriate boundary conditions , we obtain continuous families of confining four-dimensional theories parametrized by the ratio $ \Lambda_ { \rm { \tiny flow } } /\Lambda_ { \rm \tiny { QCD } } $ , with $ \Lambda_ { \rm \tiny { flow } } $ the scale at which the flow between fixed points takes place and $ \Lambda_ { \rm \tiny { QCD } } $ the confinement scale .	We construct the dual geometries explicitly and compute the spectrum of scalar bound states ( glueballs ) .	We find a `universal ' subset of states common to all the models .	We comment on the modifications of these models , and the corresponding fine-tuning , required for a parametrically light `dilaton ' state to be present .
+2	In this case the Umklapp scattering among the spin excitations is strongly suppressed for all relevant temperatures .	We study the problem of heat transport in one-dimensional ( 1D ) spin-chain systems weakly coupled to three-dimensional phonons and impurities .	We consider the limit of fast spin excitations and slow phonons , applicable to a number of compounds of the cuprates family , such as Sr2CuO3 , where the superexchange J is much larger than the Debye energy .	We argue that the leading scattering mechanism for the spin excitations at not too low temperatures is the `` normal '' ( as opposed to the Umklapp ) spin-phonon scattering in which the non-equilibrium momentum is transferred from the spin subsystem to phonons where it quickly relaxes through the `` phonon bath '' .	Because of the lower dimensionality of the spin excitations it is only the momentum along the chains which is conserved in such a scattering .
+1	We derive a non-linear Black-Scholes Equation that provides an exact replication strategy .	We consider a model of linear market impact , and address the problem of replicating a contingent claim in this framework .	This equation is fully non-linear and singular , but we show that it is well posed , and we prove existence of smooth solutions for a large class of final payoffs , both for constant and local volatility .	To obtain regularity of the solutions , we develop an original method based on Legendre transforms .	The close connections with the problem of hedging with it gamma constraints studied by Cheridito , Soner and Touzi and with the problem of hedging under it liquidity costs are discussed .
+1	It is found that the current has a generalized London term that can originate massive excitations for two of the three components of the gauge field , which disappear for a free particle at rest .	We consider a massive fermion interacting with a U ( 1 ) gauge field in the limit of a large coupling constant .	The origin of the superconductive term is due to a partial breaking of the gauge symmetry in the limit of a large coupling constant .	Beside , the scalar potential generated by the particle , the only component of the gauge field that keeps gauge invariance , increases with the square of the distance .	These results should give a path towards the derivation of quark confinement from QCD .
+0	We present detailed scattering models confirming that distinctive variations in polarization across the broad Halpha line , which are observed in a significant fraction of Seyfert 1 galaxies , can be understood in terms of a rotating line-emitting disc surrounded by a co-planar scattering region ( the equatorial scattering region ) .	The predicted polarization properties are : averaged over wavelength , the position angle of polarization is aligned with the projected disc rotation axis and hence also with the radio source axis ; ( ii ) the polarization PA rotates across the line profile , reaching equal but opposite ( relative to the continuum PA ) rotations in the blue and red wings ; ( iii ) the degree of polarization peaks in the line wings and passes through a minimum in the line core .	We identify 11 objects which exhibit these features to different degrees .	In order to reproduce the large amplitude PA rotations observed in some cases , the scattering region must closely surround the emission disc and the latter must itself be a relatively narrow annulus -- presumably the Halpha-emitting zone of a larger accretion disc .	Asymmetries in the polarization spectra may be attributable to several possible causes , including bulk radial infall in the equatorial scattering region , or contamination by polar scattered light .
+2	$ C^M $ ) curve $ c : \mathbb R \to V // G $ in the categorical quotient $ V // G $ ( viewed as affine variety in some $ \mathbb C^n $ ) and for any $ t_0 \in \mathbb R $ , there exists a positive integer $ N $ such that $ t \mapsto c ( t_0 \pm ( t-t_0 ) ^N ) $ allows a smooth ( resp .	Let $ \rho : G \to \operatorname { GL } ( V ) $ be a rational representation of a reductive linear algebraic group $ G $ defined over $ \mathbb C $ on a finite dimensional complex vector space $ V $ .	We show that , for any generic smooth ( resp .	$ mathbb C^M $ ) lift to the representation space near $ t_0 $ .	( $ C^M $ denotes the Denjoy -- Carleman class associated with $ M= ( M_k ) $ , which is always assumed to be logarithmically convex and derivation closed ) .
+1	We first analyze the case in which arrival rates are deterministic and the QoS metric is the probability a customer is queued , given by the Erlang-C formula .	We consider the problem of staffing large-scale service systems with multiple customer classes and multiple dedicated server pools under joint quality-of-service ( QoS ) constraints .	We use the Janssen-Van Leeuwaarden-Zwart bounds to obtain asymptotically optimal solutions to this problem .	The second model considered is one in which the arrival rates are not completely known in advance ( before the server staffing levels are chosen ) , but rather are known via a probability distribution .	In this case , we provide asymptotically optimal solutions to the resulting stochastic integer program , leveraging results obtained for the deterministic arrivals case .
+2	A high-viscosity drop splashes by emitting a thin sheet of liquid from a spreading liquid lamella long after the drop has first contacted the solid .	We explore the evolution of a splash when a liquid drop impacts a smooth , dry surface .	There are two splashing regimes that occur when the liquid viscosity is varied , as is evidenced by its dependence on ambient gas pressure .	Likewise , we find that there is also a delay in the ejection of a thin sheet when a low-viscosity drop splashes .	We show how the ejection time of the thin sheet depends on liquid viscosity and ambient gas pressure .
+3	We obtain a variety of solutions for multicomponent condensates on the simple cubic lattice , including a solution in which one condensate is at rest and the other flows in a complex three-dimensional array of intersecting vortex lines .	Numerous exact solutions to the nonlinear mean-field equations of motion are constructed for multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates on one , two , and three dimensional optical lattices .	We find both stationary and nonstationary solutions , which are given in closed form .	Among these solutions are a vortex-anti-vortex array on the square optical lattice and modes in which two or more components slosh back and forth between neighboring potential wells .	A number of physically important solutions are stable for a range of parameter values , as we show by direct numerical integration of the equations of motion .
+4	and can form clusters according to one or more topics .	To analyze the activities in an Online Social network ( OSN ) , we introduce the concept of `` Node of Attraction '' ( NoA ) which represents the most active node in a network community .	This NoA is identified as the origin/initiator of a post/communication which attracted other nodes and formed a cluster at any point in time .	In this research , a genetic algorithm ( GA ) is used as a data mining method where the main objective is to determine clusters of network communities in a given OSN dataset .	This approach is efficient in handling different type of discussion topics in our studied OSN - comments , emails , chat expressions , etc .
+3	This approach can be generalised to algebra using geometric categories : the $ X $ -controlled categories $ \mathbb { A } ^* ( X ) $ , $ \mathbb { A } _* ( X ) $ of Ranicki and Weiss together with the bounded categories $ \mathcal { C } _M ( \mathbb { A } ) $ of Pedersen and Weibel .	This thesis concerns the relationship between bounded and controlled topology and how these can be used to recognise which homotopy equivalences of reasonable topological spaces are homotopic to homeomorphisms .	Let $ f : X\to Y $ be a simplicial map of finite-dimensional locally finite simplicial complexes .	We prove that $ f $ has contractible point inverses if and only if it is an $ \epsilon $ -controlled homotopy equivalences for all $ \epsilon & gt ; 0 $ , if and only if $ f\times\mathrm { id } : X\times\mathbb { R } \to Y\times\mathbb { R } $ is a homotopy equivalence bounded over the open cone $ O ( Y^+ ) $ of Pedersen and Weibel .	Analogous to the barycentric subdivision of a simplicial complex , we define the algebraic subdivision of a chain complex over that simplicial complex .
+1	This assumption does not always apply to real-world optimization challenges , where the length of an optimal solution may be unknown a priori .	Most research in the theory of evolutionary computation assumes that the problem at hand has a fixed problem size .	Following up on previous work of Cathabard , Lehre , and Yao [ FOGA 2011 ] we analyze variants of the ( 1+1 ) evolutionary algorithm for problems with unknown solution length .	For their setting , in which the solution length is sampled from a geometric distribution , we provide mutation rates that yield an expected optimization time that is of the same order as that of the ( 1+1 ) EA knowing the solution length .	We then show that almost the same run times can be achieved even if \emph { no } a priori information on the solution length is available .
+1	By means of detailed radiative transfer calculations including both the gaseous and dust phase of their surrounding protoplanetary discs we highlight the importance of modelling both phases simultaneously when interpreting observations from such objects .	We investigate the effect of ionising radiation from Massive Young Stellar Objects impinging on their emerging spectral energy distribution .	In particular we find that models that only include dust may lead to incorrect conclusions about the inner disc evolution .	Furthermore the omission of gas from models overproduces far-infrared and sub-millimiter fluxes with the result that derived dust masses may be underestimated by a factor of two in some cases .	Finally free-free emission from the ionised component of gaseous discs causes the slope of the dust emission in the sub-mm and mm regime to appear flatter , resulting in incorrectly modelling the dust properties , with consequences on the derived disc masses , power law index of the surface density profile and other disc properties .
+4	Under what condition does $ J $ descend to a generalized complex structure on $ M_G $ ?	We study reduction of generalized complex structures .	More precisely , we investigate the following question .	Let $ J $ be a generalized complex structure on a manifold $ M $ , which admits an action of a Lie group $ G $ preserving $ J $ .	Assume that $ M_0 $ is a $ G $ -invariant smooth submanifold and the $ G $ -action on $ M_0 $ is proper and free so that $ M_G : =M_0/G $ is a smooth manifold .
+1	However , there is no definitive proof that the Hubbard model truly possesses a superconducting ground state or , if it does , of how it depends on model parameters .	Extensive numerical studies have demonstrated that the two-dimensional single-band Hubbard model contains much of the key physics in cuprate high-temperature superconductors .	To answer these longstanding questions , we study an extension of the Hubbard model including an infinite-range d-wave pair field term , which precipitates a superconducting state in the d-wave channel .	Using exact diagonalization on 16-site square clusters , we study the evolution of the ground state as a function of the strength of the pairing term .	This is achieved by monitoring the fidelity metric of the ground state , as well as determining the ratio between the two largest eigenvalues of the d-wave pair/spin/charge-density matrices .
+3	Hence , to our knowledge , a comprehensive analysis of all possible couplings to the gravitational field and general gravitational backgrounds including off-shell ones has not been performed so far .	It is well-known that coupling a spin $ \frac32 $ -field to a gravitational or electromagnetic background leads to potential problems both in the classical and in the quantum theory .	Various solutions to these problems have been proposed so far , which are all restricted to a limited class of backgrounds .	On the other hand , negative results for general gravitational backgrounds have been reported only for a limited set of couplings to the background to date .	In this work we analyse whether it is possible to couple a spin $ \frac32 $ -field to a gravitational field in such a way that the resulting quantum theory is consistent on arbitrary gravitational backgrounds .
+4	Current observational data favors the existence of an extra radiation component , but does not indicate its having isocurvature perturbation .	Recent cosmological observations , including measurements of the CMB anisotropy and the primordial helium abundance , indicate the existence of an extra radiation component in the Universe beyond the standard three neutrino species .	In this paper we explore the possibility that the extra radiation has isocurvatrue fluctuations .	A general formalism to evaluate isocurvature perturbations in the extra radiation is provided in the mixed inflaton-curvaton system , where the extra radiation is produced by the decay of both scalar fields .	We also derive constraints on the abundance of the extra radiation and the amount of its isocurvature perturbation .
+0	We show that in a Randall-Sundrum II type braneworld , the vacuum exterior of a spherical star is not in general a Schwarzschild spacetime , but has radiative-type stresses induced by 5-dimensional graviton effects .	Standard matching conditions do not lead to a unique exterior on the brane because of these 5-dimensional graviton effects .	We find an exact uniform-density stellar solution on the brane , and show that the general relativity upper bound $ GM/R & lt ; { 4\over9 } $ is reduced by 5-dimensional high-energy effects .	The existence of neutron stars leads to a constraint on the brane tension that is stronger than the big bang nucleosynthesis constraint , but weaker than the Newton-law experimental constraint .	We present two different non-Schwarzschild exteriors that match the uniform-density star on the brane , and we give a uniqueness conjecture for the full 5-dimensional problem .
+1	It is observed that for a cosmological model of homogeneous isotropic type , the relevant generalised Birkhoff theorem establishing staticity of the external vacuum in the maximally symmetric `` bulk '' outside a freely moving world brane will remain valid for the case of motion that is forced by minimal ( generalised Wess Zumino type ) coupling to an external antisymmetric gauge field provided its kinetic action contribution has the usual homogeneous quadratic form .	This article synthesises and extends recent work on the cosmological consequences of dropping the usual Z_2 reflection symmetry postulate in brane world scenarios .	This means that the geometry on each side of the brane worldsheet will still be of the generalised Schwarzschild anti de Sitter type .	The usual first integrated Friedmann equation for the Hubble expansion rate can thereby be straightforwardly generalised by inclusion of new terms involving 2 extra parameters respectively measuring the strength of the gauge coupling and the degree of deviation from reflection symmetry .	Some conceivable phenomenological implications are briefly outlined , and corresponding limitations are derived for possible values of relevant parameters .
+2	Another suggestion is that the atmosphere is hydrogen/helium-rich with clouds that obscure predicted absorption features .	Recent observations of the super-Earth GJ 1214b show that it has a relatively featureless transmission spectrum .	One suggestion is that these observations indicate that the planet 's atmosphere is vertically compact , perhaps due to a water-rich composition that yields a large mean molecular weight .	Previous models that incorporate clouds have included their effect without a strong physical motivation for their existence .	Here , we present model atmospheres of GJ 1214b that include physically-motivated clouds of two types .
+0	The Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy ( dSph ) , with its apparent immense mass to light ratio and compact size , holds many clues to the nature of the enigmatic dark matter .	Here we present deep photometric studies of this dwarf galaxy , undertaken with the MegaCam Camera at the Canada-France-hawaii Telescope , the Wide Field Camera at the Isaac Newton Telescope and the Wide-Field and Planetary Camera on board the Hubble Space Telescope .	The new photometric data cover the entirety of the galaxy , and reach i=24.5 at 50 % completeness , significantly deeper than previous panoramic studies , allowing searches for tidal disturbances of much lower surface brightness than has been possible before .	With these improved statistics , we find no evidence for asymmetric disturbances or tidal tails that possess more than 3 % of the stars found within the centre of the galaxy .	We find that the central stellar density , as probed by the HST data , rises into the central 0.5 ' .
+2	More specifically , we design a new precoding scheme for the MISO downlink that minimizes the transmit power for generic phase shift keying ( PSK ) modulated signals .	We propose a data-aided transmit beamforming scheme for the multi-user multiple-input-single-output ( MISO ) downlink channel .	While conventional beamforming schemes aim at the minimization of the transmit power subject to suppressing interference to guarantee quality of service ( QoS ) constraints , here we use the knowledge of both data and channel state information ( CSI ) at the transmitter to exploit , rather than suppress , constructive interference .	The proposed precoder reduces the transmit power compared to conventional schemes , by adapting the QoS constraints to accommodate constructive interference as a source of useful signal power .	By exploiting the power of constructively interfering symbols , the proposed scheme achieves the required QoS at lower transmit power .
+3	From the critical couplings on fine lattices we get $ T_c/\Lambdamsbar=1.26 ( 7 ) $ and use this ratio to express the perturbative free energy in $ T_c $ units .	We present the equation of state ( pressure , trace anomaly , energy density and entropy density ) of the SU ( 3 ) gauge theory from lattice field theory in an unprecedented precision and temperature range .	We control both finite size and cut-off effects .	The studied temperature window ( $ 0.7 ... 1000 T_c $ ) stretches from the glueball dominated system into the perturbative regime , which allows us to discuss the range of validity of these approaches .	We also determine the preferred renormalization scale of the Hard Thermal Loop scheme and we fit the unknown $ g^6 $ order perturbative coefficient at extreme high temperatures $ T & gt ; 100T_c $ .
+2	The spin configuration for the ground state , obtained by micromagnetic simulation , shows topological vortices with random chirality and polarization .	We have studied ferromagnetic Permalloy clusters obtained by electrodeposition on n-type silicon .	Magnetization measurements reveal hysteresis loops almost independent on temperature and very similar in shape to those obtained in nanodisks with diameter bigger than 150nm .	This behaviour in the small diameter clusters ( ~80nm ) , is attributed to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction that arises in its hemispherical geometries .	This magnetization behaviour can be utilized to explain the magnetoresistance measured with magnetic field in plane and out of sample plane .
+1	As AERA performs `` radio-hybrid '' measurements of air shower radio emission in coincidence with the surface particle detectors and fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory , the radio analysis functionality had to be incorporated in the existing hybrid analysis solutions for fluoresence and surface detector data .	The advent of the Auger Engineering Radio Array ( AERA ) necessitates the development of a powerful framework for the analysis of radio measurements of cosmic ray air showers .	This goal has been achieved in a natural way by extending the existing Auger Offline software framework with radio functionality .	In this article , we lay out the design , highlights and features of the radio extension implemented in the Auger Offline framework .	Its functionality has achieved a high degree of sophistication and offers advanced features such as vectorial reconstruction of the electric field , advanced signal processing algorithms , a transparent and efficient handling of FFTs , a very detailed simulation of detector effects , and the read-in of multiple data formats including data from various radio simulation codes .
+3	We further propose a scheme , based on matrix-product states and the Monte Carlo method , to efficiently calculate the LE for quantum states of a large number of spins .	We consider systems of interacting spins and study the entanglement that can be localized , on average , between two separated spins by performing local measurements on the remaining spins .	This concept of Localizable Entanglement ( LE ) leads naturally to notions like entanglement length and entanglement fluctuations .	For both spin-1/2 and spin-1 systems we prove that the LE of a pure quantum state can be lower bounded by connected correlation functions .	The virtues of LE are illustrated for various spin models .
+2	The analysis is supported by molecular dynamics simulations .	We study the properties of a one-dimensional ( 1D ) granular gas consisting of $ N $ hard rods on a line of length $ L $ ( with periodic boundary conditions ) .	The particles collide inelastically and are fluidized by a heat bath at temperature $ T_b $ and viscosity $ \gamma $ .	The average properties of the system are first discussed , focusing on the relations between granular temperature $ T_g=m & lt ; v^2 & gt ; $ , kinetic pressure and density $ \rho=N/L $ .	Thereafter , we consider the fluctuations around the average behavior obtaining a slightly non-Gaussian behavior of the velocity distributions and a spatially correlated velocity field ; the density field displays clustering : this is reflected in the structure factor which has a peak in the $ k \sim 0 $ region suggesting an analogy between inelastic hard core interactions and an effective attractive potential .
+4	This result has potential application in the study of disordered systems .	The spin-1/2 chain with XY anisotropic coupling in the plane and the XX isotropic dimerized chain are shown to be equivalent in the bulk .	For finite systems we prove that the equivalence is exact in given parity sectors , after taking care of the precise boundary conditions .	The proof is given constructively by finding unitary transformations that map the models onto each other .	Moreover , we considerably generalized our mapping and showed that even in case of fully site dependent couplings the XY chain can be mapped onto an XX model .
+3	Under the proposed model , we consider both problems of parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in high dimensions .	We propose a new class of semiparametric exponential family graphical models for the analysis of high dimensional mixed data .	Different from the existing mixed graphical models , we allow the nodewise conditional distributions to be semiparametric generalized linear models with unspecified base measure functions .	Thus , one advantage of our method is that it is unnecessary to specify the type of each node and the method is more convenient to apply in practice .	In particular , we propose a symmetric pairwise score test for the presence of a single edge in the graph .
+2	We refine these contractivity properties by the concept of $ L^p $ -ground state domination and its asymptotic version , and derive sharp necessary and sufficient conditions for their validity in terms of the behaviour of the L\'evy density and the potential at infinity .	We study supercontractivity and hypercontractivity of Markov semigroups obtained via ground state transformation of non-local Schr\ '' odinger operators based on generators of symmetric jump-paring L\'evy processes with Kato-class confining potentials .	This class of processes has the property that the intensity of single large jumps dominates the intensity of all multiple large jumps , and the related operators include pseudo-differential operators of interest in mathematical physics .	As a consequence , we obtain for a large subclass of confining potentials that , on the one hand , supercontractivity and ultracontractivity , on the other hand , hypercontractivity and asymptotic ultracontractivity of the transformed semigroup are equivalent properties .	This is in stark contrast to classical Schr\ '' odinger operators , for which all these properties are known to be different .
+0	We show that the recently proposed scheme of teleportation of continuous variables [ S.L .	Braunstein and H.J.Kimble , Phys.Rev.Lett .	80 , 869 ( 1998 ) ] can be improved by a conditional measurement in the preparation of the entangled state shared by the sender and the recipient .	The conditional measurement subtracts photons from the original entangled two-mode squeezed vacuum , by transmitting each mode through a low-reflectivity beam splitter and performing a joint photon-number measurement on the reflected beams .	In this way the degree of entanglement of the shared state is increased and so is the fidelity of the teleported state .
+1	It can also be regarded as local interaction of fermions with opposite `` hypercharge '' .	In the model considered , the nonlocal interaction of the fermions in different sublattices of a bipartite lattice is introduced .	The corresponding term in the Hamiltonian is SU ( 4 ) -invariant and appears to be the most tractable version of the SO ( 5 ) -invariant model that unifies antiferromagnetic and d-wave superconducting order parameters .	The model has been studied primarily in the weak interaction limit and in the mean field approximation .	Near the half-filling the antiferromagnetic critical temperature has a peak .
+4	The INC force and its strength needed to reproduce the experimental data are compared with those from the G-matrix calculation using the modern charge-dependent nucleon-nucleon forces .	Mirror energy differences ( MED ) and triplet energy differences ( TED ) in the T=1 analogue states are important probes of isospin-symmetry breaking .	Inspired by the recent spectroscopic data of 66Se , we investigate these quantities for A=66-78 nuclei with large-scale shell-model calculations .	For the first time , we find clear evidences suggesting that the isospin nonconserving ( INC ) nuclear force has a significant effect for the upper fp shell region .	Detailed analysis shows that in addition to the INC force , the electromagnetic spin-orbit interaction plays an important role for the large , negative MED in A=66 and 70 and the multipole Coulomb term contributes to the negative TED in all the T=1 triplet nuclei .
+4	Parameterizing the deviations from the planar limit in terms of an anomalous dimension which measures the power-law deviation from the planar case , we observe up to order-one anomalous dimensions at small and intermediate scales and a universal regime at larger distances .	We investigate the Dirichlet-scalar equivalent of Casimir-Polder forces between an atom and a surface with arbitrary uniaxial corrugations .	The complexity of the problem can be reduced to a one-dimensional Green 's function equation along the corrugation which can be solved numerically .	Our technique is fully nonperturbative in the height profile of the corrugation .	We present explicit results for experimentally relevant sinusoidal and sawtooth corrugations .
+0	We discuss the quantification of the local galaxy population and the impact of the `` New Era of Wide-Field Astronomy '' on this field , and , in particular , systematic errors in the measurement of the Luminosity Function .	New results from the 2dFGRS are shown in which some of these selection effects have been removed .	We introduce an INT-WFS project which will further reduce the selection biases .	We show that there is a correlation between the surface brightness and the luminosity of galaxies and that new technologies are having a big impact on this field .	Finally selection criteria from different surveys are modelled and it is shown that some of the major selection effects are surface brightness selection effects .
+4	We consider high-resolution data on the face-to-face interactions of individuals in a hospital ward , obtained by using wearable proximity sensors .	The integration of empirical data in computational frameworks to model the spread of infectious diseases poses challenges that are becoming pressing with the increasing availability of high-resolution information on human mobility and contacts .	This deluge of data has the potential to revolutionize the computational efforts aimed at simulating scenarios and designing containment strategies .	However , the integration of detailed data sources yields models that are less transparent and general .	Hence , given a specific disease model , it is crucial to assess which representations of the raw data strike the best balance between simplicity and detail .
+0	We propose a minimal unified model of the electroweak interactions without a Higgs particle in the final physical spectrum .	This is achieved through adding a nonlinear constraint for the Higgs field in the Lagrangian in which the field 's content is the same as in the Weinberg-Salam ( WS ) model .	In the unitary gauge the generation of masses of the $ W^ { \pm } $ and $ Z $ bosons , as well as for the leptons and quarks , reproduces the known pattern in the WS model .	The path integral quantization shows that with the exception of the scalar particles ' all other vertices , known from the WS model in the unitary gauge , remain .	A Ward identity relative to the electromagnetic gauge group is also derived .
+2	Simple scalings of the minimum and maximum group velocities with the imaginary part of the dielectric function or , equivalently , the linewidth of the broadened states , are presented .	While ideal photonic crystals would support modes with a vanishing group velocity , state-of-the art structures have still only provided a slow-down by roughly two orders of magnitude .	We find that the induced density of states caused by lifetime broadening of the electromagnetic modes results in the group velocity acquiring a finite value above zero at the band gap edges , while attaining superluminal values within the band gap .	The results obtained are entirely general and may be applied to any effect which results in a broadening of the electromagnetic states , such as loss , disorder , finite-size effects , etc .	This significantly limits the reduction in group velocity attainable via photonic crystals .
+2	The proposed scheme requires , in each iteration , the approximation of the flux on ( both sides of ) the free interface .	In this paper we design an iterative domain decomposition method for free boundary problems with nonlinear flux jump condition .	Our approach is related to damped Newton 's methods .	We present a Finite Element implementation of our method .	The numerical implementation uses harmonically deformed triangulations to inexpensively generate finite element meshes in subdomains .
+1	We give sufficient conditions for such martingales to be transient , extending previous results on the transience of minimal submanifolds .	We consider a class of martingales on Cartan-Hadamard manifolds that includes Brownian motion on a minimal submanifold .	We also give conditions for the almost sure convergence of the angular component ( in polar coordinates ) of a martingale in this class , including both the negatively pinched case ( using earlier results on martingales of bounded dilation ) , and the radially symmetric case with quadratic decay of the upper curvature bound .	Applied to minimal submanifolds , this gives curvature conditions on the ambient Cartan-Hadamard manifold under which any minimal submanifold admits a non-constant , bounded , harmonic function .	Though our discussion is primarily motivated by minimal submanifolds , this class of martingales includes diffusions naturally associated to ancient solutions of mean curvature flow and to certain sub-Riemannian structures , and we briefly discuss these contexts as well .
+2	By releasing one or more requirements to define a jet break , some candidates of various degrees could be identified .	The Swift/XRT data of 179 GRBs ( from 050124 to 070129 ) and the optical afterglow data of 57 pre- and post-Swift GRBs are analyzed , in order to systematically investigate the jet-like breaks in the X-ray and optical afterglow lightcurves .	We find that not a single burst can be included in the `` Platinum '' sample , in which the data satisfy all the criteria of a jet break .	In the X-ray band , 42 out of the 103 well-sampled X-ray lightcurves have a decay slope of the post-break segment & gt ; 1.5 ( `` Bronze '' sample ) , and 27 of them also satisfy the closure relations of the forward models ( `` Silver '' sample ) .	The numbers of the `` Bronze '' and `` Silver '' candidates in the optical lightcurves are 27 and 23 , respectively .
+4	The topological constraint of closing the ribbon determines a relationship between the mean curvature and number of wrinkles that prevents a complete relaxation of the compression strain induced by swelling and buckles the ribbon out of the plane .	I consider the problem of a thin membrane on which a metric has been prescribed , for example by lithographically controlling the local swelling properties of a polymer thin film .	While any amount of swelling can be accommodated locally , geometry prohibits the existence of a global strain-free configuration .	To study this geometrical frustration , I introduce a perturbative approach .	I compute the optimal shape of an annular , thin ribbon as a function of its width .
+2	only provide approximations when the network 's size increases , even when nodes do not fail and all edges have the same reliability p. We consider here a directed , generic graph of arbitrary size mimicking real-life long-haul communication networks , and give the exact , analytical solution for the two-terminal reliability .	The calculation of network reliability in a probabilistic context has long been an issue of practical and academic importance .	Conventional approaches ( determination of bounds , sums of disjoint products algorithms , Monte Carlo evaluations , studies of the reliability polynomials , etc . )	This solution involves a product of transfer matrices , in which individual reliabilities of edges and nodes are taken into account .	The special case of identical edge and node reliabilities ( p and rho , respectively ) is addressed .
+2	We focus on the minimal scenario where we include a single multiplet of resonances of the composite sector , as these will be the only degrees of freedom which might be accessible at the LHC .	We propose a four dimensional description of Composite Higgs Models which represents a complete framework for the physics of the Higgs as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson .	Our setup captures all the relevant features of 5D models and more in general of composite Higgs models with partial compositeness .	This turns out to be sufficient to compute the effective potential and derive phenomenological consequences of the theory .	Moreover our simplified approach is well adapted to simulate these models at the LHC .
+1	The Higgs field is assumed to have global and gauged internal symmetries .	We propose a mechanism naturally leading to the spontaneous symmetry breaking in a gauge theory .	We associate a non zero chemical potential to one of the globally conserved charges commuting with all of the gauge transformations .	This induces a negative mass squared for the Higgs field triggering the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the global and local symmetries .	The mechanism is general and we test the idea for the electroweak theory in which the Higgs sector is extended to possess an extra global Abelian symmetry .
+0	A basic belief assignment can have up to 2^n focal elements , and combining them with a simple conjunctive operator will need O ( 2^2n ) operations .	This article proposes some techniques to limit the size of the focal sets of the bbas to be combined while preserving a large part of the information they carry .	The first section revisits some well-known definitions with an algorithmic point of vue .	The second section proposes a matrix way of building the least committed isopignistic , and extends it to some other bodies of evidence .	The third section adapts the k-means algorithm for an unsupervized clustering of the focal elements of a given bba .
+0	Recently , it has become apparent that the thermal stability of topologically ordered systems at finite temperature , as discussed in condensed matter physics , can be studied by addressing the feasibility of self-correcting quantum memory , as discussed in quantum information science .	Here , with this correspondence in mind , we propose a model of quantum codes that may cover a large class of physically realizable quantum memory .	The model is supported by a certain class of gapped spin Hamiltonians , called stabilizer Hamiltonians , with translation symmetries and a small number of ground states that does not grow with the system size .	We show that the model does not work as self-correcting quantum memory due to a certain topological constraint on geometric shapes of its logical operators .	This quantum coding theoretical result implies that systems covered or approximated by the model can not have thermally stable topological order , meaning that no system can be stable against both thermal fluctuations and local perturbations simultaneously in two and three spatial dimensions .
+1	It is shown that the 11-dimensional membrane is a BPS solution of this theory if stretched between the Z_2 hyperplanes .	We explicitly construct soliton solutions in the low energy description of M-theory on S^1/Z_2 .	A similar statement holds for the 11-dimensional 5 -- brane oriented parallel to the hyperplanes .	The parallel membrane and the orthogonal 5-brane , though solutions , break all supersymmetries .	Furthermore , we construct the analog of the gauge 5-brane with gauge instantons on the hyperplanes .
+4	The results are consistent with constraints from the 4-fermion scattering , about $ 0.6-0.9 $ TeV .	We calculate the tree-level open-string amplitudes for the scattering of four massless particles with diphoton final states .	These amplitudes are required to reproduce those of standard model at the tree level in the low energy limit .	After low energy stringy corrections , we found that they have similar form to the same processes induced by exchange of the Kaluza-Klein ( KK ) excitations of graviton in ADD scenario .	Using this similarity , we apply constraints on the KK mass scale $ M_D $ to the string scale $ M_S $ .
+0	We present all-particle primary cosmic-ray energy spectrum in the 3-200 PeV energy range obtained by a multi-parametric event-by-event evaluation of the primary energy .	The results are obtained on the basis of an expanded EAS data set detected at mountain level ( 700 g/cm^2 ) by the GAMMA experiment .	The energy evaluation method has been developed using the EAS simulation with the SIBYLL interaction model taking into account the response of GAMMA detectors and reconstruction uncertainties of EAS parameters .	Nearly unbiased ( & lt ; 5 % ) energy estimations regardless of a primary nuclear mass with an accuracy of about 15-10 % in the 3-200 PeV energy range respectively are attained .	An irregularity ( 'bump ' ) in the spectrum is observed at primary energies of ~74 PeV .
+1	We present a simple game between macroscopic players , say Alice and Bob ( or in a more complex form - Alice , Bob and Cecilia ) , which can be represented in the quantum-like ( QL ) way -- by using a complex probability amplitude ( game 's `` wave function '' ) and noncommutative operators .	We consider an application of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics ( QM ) outside physics , namely , to game theory .	The crucial point is that games under consideration are so called extensive form games .	Here the order of actions of players is important , such a game can be represented by the tree of actions .	The QL probabilistic behavior of players is a consequence of incomplete information which is available to e.g.Bob about the previous action of Alice .
+0	The current status and prospects of research on ferromagnetism in semiconductors are reviewed .	The question of the origin of ferromagnetism in europium chalcogenides , chromium spinels and , particularly , in diluted magnetic semiconductors is addressed .	The nature of electronic states derived from 3d of magnetic impurities is discussed in some details .	Results of a quantitative comparison between experimental and theoretical results , notably for Mn-based III-V and II-VI compounds , are presented .	This comparison demonstrates that the current theory of the exchange interactions mediated by holes in the valence band describes correctly the values of Curie temperatures T_C magnetic anisotropy , domain structure , and magnetic circular dichroism .
+3	In the last decade , several developments took place , notably the determination of the hot plasma properties for a large sample of objects using XMM-Newton and Chandra , as well as fully self-consistent MHD modelling and the identification of shock retreat effects in weak winds .	A subset ( ~ 10 % ) of massive stars present strong , globally ordered ( mostly dipolar ) magnetic fields .	The trapping and channeling of their stellar winds in closed magnetic loops leads to magnetically confined wind shocks ( MCWS ) , with pre-shock flow speeds that are some fraction of the wind terminal speed .	These shocks generate hot plasma , a source of X-rays .	Despite a few exceptions , the combination of magnetic confinement , shock retreat and rotation effects seems to be able to account for X-ray emission in massive OB stars .
+0	In this paper , we investigate the uniform regularity of solutions to the 3-dimensional isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes system with free surfaces and study the corresponding asymptotic limits of such solutions to that of the compressible Euler system for vanishing viscosity and surface tension .	It is shown that there exists an unique strong solution to the free boundary problem for the compressible Navier-Stokes system in a finite time interval which is independent of the viscosity and the surface tension .	The solution is uniform bounded both in $ W^ { 1 , \infty } $ and a conormal Sobolev space .	It is also shown that the boundary layer for the density is weaker than the one for the velocity field .	Based on such uniform estimates , the asymptotic limits to the free boundary problem for the ideal compressible Euler system with or without surface tension as both the viscosity and the surface tension tend to zero , are established by a strong convergence argument .
+4	They showed trade-offs both in the scenario of single execution of the protocol and in the asymptotic regime of sufficiently large number of parallel executions of the protocol .	String commitment schemes are similar to the well studied bit commitment schemes in cryptography with the difference that the committing party , say Alice , is supposed to commit a long string instead of a single bit , to another party say Bob .	Similar to bit commitment schemes , such schemes are supposed to be binding , i.e Alice can not change her choice after committing , and concealing i.e.Bob can not find Alice 's committed string before Alice reveals it .	Ideal commitment schemes are known to be impossible .	Even if some degrees of cheating is allowed , Buhrman , Christandl , Hayden , Lo and Wehner ( quant-ph/0504078 ) have recently shown that there are some binding-concealing trade-offs that any quantum string commitment scheme ( QSC ) must follow .
+4	We conclude that the NIR continuum emission from MWC 147 is dominated by accretion luminosity emerging from an optically thick inner gaseous disk , while the MIR emission also contains strong contributions from the outer dust disk .	We studied the geometry of the inner ( AU-scale ) circumstellar environment around the Herbig Be star MWC 147 .	Combining , for the first time , near- ( NIR , K band ) and mid-infrared ( MIR , N band ) spectro-interferometry on a Herbig star , our VLTI/MIDI and AMBER data constrain not only the geometry of the brightness distribution , but also the radial temperature distribution in the disk .	For our detailed modeling of the interferometric data and the spectral energy distribution , we employ 2-D radiation transfer simulations , showing that passive irradiated Keplerian dust disks can easily fit the SED , but predict much lower visibilities than observed .	Models of a Keplerian disk with emission from an optically thick inner gaseous accretion disk ( inside the dust sublimation zone ) , however , yield a good fit of the SED and simultaneously reproduce the observed NIR and MIR visibilities .
+4	In this letter we investigate the possibility of observing the bursts of high-energy emission similar to the Long Gamma Ray Bursts associated with normal collapsars .	The very first stars in the Universe can be very massive , up to $ 10^3M_\odot $ .	If born in large numbers , such massive stars can have strong impact on the subsequent star formation , producing strong ionising radiation and contaminating the primordial gas with heavy elements .	They would leave behind massive black holes that could act as seeds for growing supermassive black holes of active galactic nuclei .	Given the anticipated fast rotation , such stars would end their live as supermassive collapsars and drive powerful magnetically-dominated jets .
+2	In order to find these two parameters we have used the third and four sum rules of Nolting .	We have postulated a single pole for the self-energy , $ \Sigma ( \vec { k } , \omega ) $ , looking for the consequences on the one-particle Green function , $ G ( \vec { k } , \omega ) $ in the Hubbard model .	We find that $ G ( \vec { k } , \omega ) $ satisfies the first two sum rules or moments of Nolting ( Z. Physik 255 , 25 ( 1972 ) ) for any values of the two unknown $ \vec { k } $ parameters of $ \Sigma ( \vec { k } , \omega ) $ .	$ G ( \vec { k } , \omega ) $ turns out to be identical to the one of Nolting ( Z. Physik 225 , 25 ( 1972 ) ) , which is beyond a Hubbard-I solution since satisfies four sum rules .	With our proposal we have been able to obtain an expansion in powers of $ U $ for the self-energy ( here to second order in $ U $ ) .
+0	Galaxies uncovered in the Zone of Avoidance ( ZOA ) with deep optical searches are compared to the distribution of objects in the 2MASS Extended Source Catalog ( 2MASX ) .	While the galaxy density of optical surveys is strongly correlated to the dust content , and become ineffective in uncovering the galaxy distribution at A_B & gt ; 3.0 mag , this effect is much less severe in the NIR .	Galaxies can be identified in 2MASS at optical extinction layers of over 10mag .	However , star density has been found to be the dominant limiting factor in the NIR in the wider Galactic Bulge region ( see Fig .	4 ) where optical surveys still do quite well .
+2	We give the first NP-hardness result for general caching with small pages : General caching is ( strongly ) NP-hard even when page sizes are limited to { 1 , 2 , 3 } .	Caching ( also known as paging ) is a classical problem concerning page replacement policies in two-level memory systems .	General caching is the variant with pages of different sizes and fault costs .	It holds already in the fault model ( each page has unit fault cost ) as well as in the bit model ( each page has the same fault cost as size ) .	We also give a very short proof of the strong NP-hardness of general caching with page sizes restricted to { 1 , 2 , 3 } and arbitrary costs .
+3	Here we show that photons without perfectly overlapped modes , which are therefore partially-distinguishable , are not required for quantum-enhancement of measurement and partially-distinguishable photons do not have to be engineered to mitigate the adverse effects of distinguishability .	Quantum metrology promises high-precision measurements beyond the capability of any classical techniques .	This has the potential to be integral to investigative techniques .	However , all sensors must tolerate imperfections if their operation is to be practical .	We quantify the effect of distinguishability on quantum metrology experiments and conduct an experiment to verify the utility of two- and four-photon states containing partially-distinguishable photons by observing quantum-enhanced sensitivity with low-visibility quantum interference .
+4	For instance , shared routers can reveal traffic patterns , shared memory access can reveal cloud usage patterns , and suchlike .	In this work , we study information leakage in timing side channels that arise in the context of shared event schedulers .	Consider two processes , one of them an innocuous process ( referred to as Alice ) and the other a malicious one ( referred to as Bob ) , using a common scheduler to process their jobs .	Based on when his jobs get processed , Bob wishes to learn about the pattern ( size and timing ) of jobs of Alice .	Depending on the context , knowledge of this pattern could have serious implications on Alice 's privacy and security .
+2	We exploit results by Kac , and by Edelman and Kostlan in order to estimate the real root separation of degree $ d $ polynomials with i.i.d.\ coefficients that follow two zero-mean normal distributions : for SO ( 2 ) polynomials , the $ i $ -th coefficient has variance $ { d \choose i } $ , whereas for Weyl polynomials its variance is $ { 1/i ! } $ .	Our probabilistic analysis sheds light to the following questions : Why do random polynomials seem to have few , and well separated real roots , on the average ?	Why do exact algorithms for real root isolation may perform comparatively well or even better than numerical ones ?	By applying results from statistical physics , we obtain the expected ( bit ) complexity of \func { sturm } solver , $ \sOB ( r d^2 \tau ) $ , where $ r $ is the number of real roots and $ \tau $ the maximum coefficient bitsize .	Our bounds are two orders of magnitude tighter than the record worst case ones .
+1	We study some fundamental properties of the corresponding ( weighted ) Green operators on these spaces .	For a given second-order linear elliptic operator $ L $ which admits a positive minimal Green function , and a given positive weight function $ W $ , we introduce a family of weighted Lebesgue spaces $ L^p ( \phi_p ) $ with their dual spaces , where $ 1\leq p\leq \infty $ .	In particular , we prove that these Green operators are bounded on $ L^p ( \phi_p ) $ for any $ 1\leq p\leq \infty $ with a uniform bound .	We study the existence of a principal eigenfunction for these operators in these spaces , and the simplicity of the corresponding principal eigenvalue .	We also show that such a Green operator is a resolvent of a densely defined closed operator which is equal to $ ( -W^ { -1 } ) L $ on $ C_0^\infty $ , and that this closed operator generates a strongly continuous contraction semigroup .
+2	In this paper we study creative micro-videos in an effort to understand the features that make a video creative , and to address the problem of automatic detection of creative content .	The notion of creativity , as opposed to related concepts such as beauty or interestingness , has not been studied from the perspective of automatic analysis of multimedia content .	Meanwhile , short online videos shared on social media platforms , or micro-videos , have arisen as a new medium for creative expression .	Defining creative videos as those that are novel and have aesthetic value , we conduct a crowdsourcing experiment to create a dataset of over 3,800 micro-videos labelled as creative and non-creative .	We propose a set of computational features that we map to the components of our definition of creativity , and conduct an analysis to determine which of these features correlate most with creative video .
+2	Following Alford et al.\cite { Alford_et_al } , we revisit this mapping , and determine the phase diagram for an arbitrary chemical potential , real or imaginary .	The 3-D Z ( 3 ) Potts model is a model for finite temperature QCD with heavy quarks .	The chemical potential in QCD becomes an external magnetic field in the Potts model .	Analytic continuation of the phase transition line between real and imaginary chemical potential can be tested with precision .	Our results show that the chemical potential weakens the heavy-quark deconfinement transition in QCD .
+1	All parameters are obtained from density functional theory .	We employ a semi-classical Langevin approach to study current-induced atomic dynamics in a partially dehydrogenated armchair graphene nanoribbon .	The dehydrogenated carbon dimers behave as effective impurities , whose motion decouples from the rest of carbon atoms .	The electrical current can couple the dimer motion in a coherent fashion .	The coupling , which is mediated by nonconservative and pseudo-magnetic current-induced forces , change the atomic dynamics , and thereby show their signature in this simple system .
+3	With the help of weak ion thrusters it is possible to accomplish tandem flight .	The quasi-satellite ( QS ) phenomenon makes two celestial bodies to fly near each other ( Mikkola et al .	2006 ) and that effect can be used also to make artificial satellites move in tandem .	We consider formation flight of two or three satellites in low eccentricity near Earth orbits .	With ion thrusters it is also possible to mimic many kinds of mutual force laws between the satellites .
+1	It introduces notions of localization and approximation between two frames $ \mathcal { F } = \ { f_i\ } _ { i \in I } $ and $ \mathcal { E } = \ { e_j\ } _ { j \in G } $ ( $ G $ a discrete abelian group ) , relating the decay of the expansion of the elements of $ \mathcal { F } $ in terms of the elements of $ \mathcal { E } $ via a map $ a \colon I \to G $ .	This work presents a quantitative framework for describing the overcompleteness of a large class of frames .	A fundamental set of equalities are shown between three seemingly unrelated quantities : the relative measure of $ \mathcal { F } $ , the relative measure of $ \mathcal { E } $ - both of which are determined by certain averages of inner products of frame elements with their corresponding dual frame elements - and the density of the set $ a ( I ) $ in $ G $ .	Fundamental new results are obtained on the excess and overcompleteness of frames , on the relationship between frame bounds and density , and on the structure of the dual frame of a localized frame .	In a subsequent paper , these results are applied to the case of Gabor frames , producing an array of new results as well as clarifying the meaning of existing results .
+2	We show that all of these problems may be simultaneously solved by considering heavy superpartners , without extra fields or modified cosmology .	Recent indications of a 125 GeV Higgs boson are challenging for gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking ( GMSB ) , since radiative contributions to the Higgs boson mass are not enhanced by significant stop mixing .	This challenge should not be considered in isolation , however , as GMSB also generically suffers from two other problems : unsuppressed electric dipole moments and the absence of an attractive dark matter candidate .	Multi-TeV sfermions suppress the EDMs and raise the Higgs mass , and the dark matter problem is solved by Goldilocks cosmology , in which TeV neutralinos decay to GeV gravitinos that are simultaneously light enough to solve the flavor problem and heavy enough to be all of dark matter .	The implications for collider searches and direct and indirect dark matter detection are sobering , but EDMs are expected near their current bounds , and the resulting non-thermal gravitino dark matter is necessarily warm , with testable cosmological implications .
+3	Specifically , we obtain the bosonic sector general static solutions .	We consider the type IIB supergravity in ten dimensions compactified on S^1 \times T^4 , with intersecting one and five D-branes in the compact dimensions .	By imposing the spherical symmetry in the resulting five dimensional theory , we further reduce the s-wave sector of the theory to a two dimensional dilaton gravity .	Via this construction , the techniques developed for the general two dimensional dilaton gravities are applicable in this context .	In addition to the well-known asymptotically flat black hole solutions , they include solutions with naked singularities and non-asymptotically flat black holes .
+0	This paper is concerned with a class of nonlocal dispersive models -- the $ \theta $ -equation proposed by H. Liu [ On discreteness of the Hopf equation , { \it Acta Math.Appl.Sin . } Engl.Ser .	{ \bf 24 } ( 3 ) ( 2008 ) 423 -- 440 ] : $ $ ( 1-\partial_x^2 ) u_t+ ( 1-\theta\partial_x^2 ) ( \frac { u^2 } { 2 } ) _x = ( 1-4\theta ) ( \frac { u_x^2 } { 2 } ) _x , $ $ including integrable equations such as the Camassa-Holm equation , $ \theta=1/3 $ , and the Degasperis-Procesi equation , $ \theta=1/4 $ , as special models .	We investigate both global regularity of solutions and wave breaking phenomena for $ \theta \in \mathbb { R } $ .	It is shown that as $ \theta $ increases regularity of solutions improves : ( i ) $ 0 & lt ; \theta & lt ; 1/4 $ , the solution will blow up when the momentum of initial data satisfies certain sign conditions ; ( ii ) $ 1/4 \leq \theta & lt ; 1/2 $ , the solution will blow up when the slope of initial data is negative at one point ; ( iii ) $ { 1/2 } \leq \theta \leq 1 $ and $ \theta=\frac { 2n } { 2n-1 } , n\in \mathbb { N } $ , global existence of strong solutions is ensured .	Moreover , if the momentum of initial data has a definite sign , then for any $ \theta\in \mathbb { R } $ global smoothness of the corresponding solution is proved .
+4	From overlap of the instantaneous configuration vector of the full stochastic system with the eigenvectors of the unstable directions of the deterministic mean field approximation we are able to construct a good early-warning indicator of the transitions occurring intermittently .	We analyst in detail a new approach to the monitoring and forecasting of the onset of transitions in high dimensional complex systems ( see Phys.Rev.Lett .vol .	113 , 264102 ( 2014 ) ) by application to the Tangled Nature Model of evolutionary ecology and high dimensional replicator systems with a stochastic element .	A high dimensional stability matrix is derived for the mean field approximation to the stochastic dynamics .	This allows us to determine the stability spectrum about the observed quasi-stable configurations .
+0	We present a quaternion inspired formalism specifically developed to evaluate the intensity of the electrical current that traverses a single molecule connected to two semi-infinite electrodes as the applied external bias is varied .	The self-adjustment of the molecular levels is fully described at a density functional ab initio quantum chemical level .	Use of a quaternion approach allows for an integrated treatment of both coherent ( ballistic ) and non-coherent ( co-tunneling ) contributions to the effective charge transport , where the latter involve the existence of transient charged states of the corresponding molecular species .	An expression for the net current is calculated by using second-order perturbation theory to take into account all possible transitions between states localized at the two different electrodes that involve intermediary levels in the so-called `` extended molecule '' complex that comprises the system of interest attached to two small metallic clusters .	We show that by a judicious choice of the relevant molecular parameters , the formalism can be extended to describe the electronic transport both in conjugated as in saturated molecules , where localized orbitals are more likely to be found .
+2	It is shown that in the first order of an $ \epsilon $ -expansion these equations are reduced to the known equation for geodesic derivation but complemented by a string oscillatory term .	String dynamics in a curved space-time is studied on the basis of an action functional including a small parameter of rescaled tension $ \epsilon=\gamma/\alpha^ { \prime } $ , where $ \gamma $ is a metric parametrizing constant .	A rescaled slow worldsheet time $ T=\epsilon\tau $ is introduced , and general covariant non-linear string equation are derived .	These equations are solved for the de Sitter and Friedmann -Robertson-Walker spaces .	The primary string constraints are found to be split into a chain of perturbative constraints and their conservation and consistency are proved .
+1	Polarization control in the soft X-ray region from linear to circular is highly desirable .	The LCLS baseline includes a planar undulator system , producing linearly polarized light in the range 0.15-1.5 nm .	Several schemes using helical undulators have been discussed for the LCLS .	One consists in replacing three of the last planar undulator segments by APPLE III .	A second proposal , the 2nd harmonic helical afterburner , uses short , crossed undulators tuned to the second harmonic .
+1	Dielectric ( E ) and polarization studies show magnetoelectric ( ME ) coupling at Neel temperature ( T_N=38 K ) where simultaneous dielectric and magnetic long range order occur .	CuCrS2 , a Heisenberg antiferromagnet with layered edge sharing triangular lattice , exhibits a spiral magnetic order .	The compound shows a diffused ferroelectric ( FE ) transition and slow relaxation dynamics above T_N , indicative of relaxor FE behavior .	Interestingly , memory effect and magnetic field induced rejuvenation are also observed in E , establishing cooperative glassy dynamics and ME coupling even above T_N .	We discuss the role of geometrical frustration and metal ligand hybridization for these unusual properties .
+3	In this paper , we propose a new multi-layered user utility model that leverages on studies of human visual perception and quality of experience ( QoE ) from the fields of computer graphics and human computer interaction ( HCI ) .	Congestion control protocol and bandwidth allocation problems are often formulated into Network Utility Maximization ( NUM ) framework .	Existing solutions for NUM generally focus on single-layered applications .	As applications such as video streaming grow in importance and popularity , addressing user utility function for these multi-layered multimedia applications in NUM formulation becomes vital .	Using this new utility model to investigate network activities , we demonstrate that solving NUM with multi-layered utility is intractable , and that rate allocation and network pricing may oscillate due to user behavior specific to multi-layered applications .
+1	Enhanced transmission through a single sub-wavelength coaxial aperture illuminated with a strongly focused radially polarized light beam is reported .	We investigate experimentally the transmission properties of single sub-wavelength coaxial apertures in thin metal films ( t = 110 nm ) .	In our experiments we achieved up to four times enhanced transmission through a single coaxial aperture as compared to a ( hollow ) circular aperture with the same outer diameter.We attribute this enhancement of transmission to the excitation of a TEM-mode for illumination with radially polarized light inside the single coaxial aperture .	A strong polarization contrast is observed between the transmission for radially and azimuthally polarized illumination .	Furthermore , the observed transmission through a single coaxial aperture can be strongly reduced if surface plasmons are excited .
+4	We have found that the cosmic star formation rate density drops from the peak at z=2-3 to z=7 roughly by a factor of ~10 but not larger than ~100 .	We present results of our large-area survey for z'-band dropout galaxies at z=7 in a 1568 arcmin^2 sky area covering the SDF and GOODS-N fields .	Combining our ultra-deep Subaru/Suprime-Cam z'- and y-band ( lambda_eff=1um ) images with legacy data of Subaru and HST , we have identified 22 bright z-dropout galaxies down to y=26 , one of which has a spectroscopic redshift of z=6.96 determined from Lya emission .	The z=7 luminosity function ( LF ) yields the best-fit Schechter parameters of phi*=0.69 +2.62/-0.55 x10^ ( -3 ) Mpc^ ( -3 ) , Muv*=-20.10 +/-0.76 mag , and alpha=-1.72 +/-0.65 , and indicates a decrease from z=6 at a & gt ; 95 % confidence level .	This decrease is beyond the cosmic variance in our two fields , which is estimated to be a factor of & lt ; ~2 .
+2	A small fraction of former JCOs reached orbits with aphelia inside Jupiter 's orbit , and some reached Apollo orbits with semi-major axes less than 2 AU , Aten orbits , and inner-Earth orbits ( with aphelia less than 0.983 AU ) and remained there for millions of years .	We estimated the rate of comet and asteroid collisions with the terrestrial planets by calculating the orbits of 13000 Jupiter-crossing objects ( JCOs ) and 1300 resonant asteroids and computing the probabilities of collisions based on random-phase approximations and the orbital elements sampled with a 500 yr step .	The Bulirsh-Stoer and a symplectic orbit integrator gave similar results for orbital evolution , but sometimes give different collision probabilities with the Sun .	Though less than 0.1 % of the total , these objects were responsible for most of the collision probability of former JCOs with Earth and Venus .	Some Jupiter-family comets can reach inclinations i & gt ; 90 deg .
+4	Another fundamental lemma , Markov lemma , is also obtained but its scope of application is quite limited compared to others .	A new notion of typicality for arbitrary probability measures on standard Borel spaces is proposed , which encompasses the classical notions of weak and strong typicality as special cases .	Useful lemmas about strong typical sets , including conditional typicality lemma , joint typicality lemma , and packing and covering lemmas , which are fundamental tools for deriving many inner bounds of various multi-terminal coding problems , are obtained in terms of the proposed notion .	This enables us to directly generalize lots of results on finite alphabet problems to general problems involving abstract alphabets , without any complicated additional arguments .	For instance , quantization procedure is no longer necessary to achieve such generalizations .
+2	Further , research has shown that externalities lead to serious problems for market stability and for developing efficient algorithms to find stable matchings .	Many-to-one matching markets exist in numerous different forms , such as college admissions , matching medical interns to hospitals for residencies , assigning housing to college students , and the classic firms and workers market .	In all these markets , externalities such as complementarities and peer effects severely complicate the preference ordering of each agent .	In this paper we make the observation that peer effects are often the result of underlying social connections , and we explore a formulation of the many-to-one matching market where peer effects are derived from an underlying social network .	The key feature of our model is that it captures peer effects and complementarities using utility functions , rather than traditional preference ordering .
+0	The clustering of X-ray selected AGN appears to be a valuable tool for extracting cosmological information .	Using the recent high-precision angular clustering results of ~30000 XMM-Newton soft ( 0.5-2 keV ) X-ray sources ( Ebrero et al .	2009 ) , which have a median redshift of $ z\sim 1 $ , and assuming a flat geometry , a constant in comoving coordinates AGN clustering evolution and the AGN bias evolution model of Basilakos et al .	( 2008 ) , we manage to break the Omega_m-sigma_8 degeneracy .	The resulting cosmological constraints are : Omega_m=0.27 ( +0.03 -0.05 ) , w=-0.90 ( +0.10 -0.16 ) and sigma_8=0.74 ( +0.14 -0.12 ) , while the dark matter host halo mass , in which the X-ray selected AGN are presumed to reside , is M=2.50 ( +0.50 -1.50 ) X 10^13 h^ { -1 } M ( solar ) .
+4	One of the new operators allows running a program written in another language , such as C or FORTRAN , to integrate tested software into the object-oriented package .	Software for time-of-flight single crystal diffractometer ( SCD ) data visualization and analysis was originally written to be run in batch mode on VMS-VAX systems .	Modern computers and software tools allow a new level of visualization and user interaction .	The Integrated Spectral Analysis Workbench ( ISAW ) is being extended and customized for SCD measurements .	To this end , new viewers and operators have been added to ISAW .
+3	Here , we propose to take into account both the classification and segmentation results according to the certainty given by the experts .	We present in this article a new evaluation method for classification and segmentation of textured images in uncertain environments .	In uncertain environments , real classes and boundaries are known with only a partial certainty given by the experts .	Most of the time , in many presented papers , only classification or only segmentation are considered and evaluated .	We present the results of this method on a fusion of classifiers of sonar images for a seabed characterization .
+1	Modes associated with changes in the charge and spin degrees of freedom are measured .	Resonant inelastic light scattering experiments access the low lying excitations of electron liquids in the fractional quantum Hall regime in the range $ 2/5 \geq \nu \geq 1/3 $ .	Spectra of spin reversed excitations at filling factor $ \nu \gtrsim 1/3 $ and at $ \nu \lesssim 2/5 $ identify a structure of lowest spin-split Landau levels of composite fermions that is similar to that of electrons .	Observations of spin wave excitations enable determinations of energies required to reverse spin .	The spin reversal energies obtained from the spectra illustrate the significant residual interactions of composite fermions .
+4	We also present an application of this work to a distributed load-balancing visualization problem .	Graph drawing research traditionally focuses on producing geometric embeddings of graphs satisfying various aesthetic constraints .	After the geometric embedding is specified , there is an additional step that is often overlooked or ignored : assigning display colors to the graph 's vertices .	We study the additional aesthetic criterion of assigning distinct colors to vertices of a geometric graph so that the colors assigned to adjacent vertices are as different from one another as possible .	We formulate this as a problem involving perceptual metrics in color space and we develop algorithms for solving this problem by embedding the graph in color space .
+2	The phase-space density at the end of the evaporation reaches unity , close to quantum degeneracy .	We demonstrate experimentally the evaporative cooling of a few hundred rubidium 87 atoms in a single-beam microscopic dipole trap .	Starting from 800 atoms at a temperature of 125microKelvins , we produce an unpolarized sample of 40 atoms at 110nK , within 3s .	The gain in phase-space density after evaporation is 10^3 .	We find that the scaling laws used for much larger numbers of atoms are still valid despite the small number of atoms involved in the evaporative cooling process .
+3	This evaporation mechanism is important for the reconstruction of APT data , which is partially dependent on the input evaporation fields of the atoms .	The purpose of this work is to identify the field evaporation mechanism associated with charge density distribution under extreme fields , linking atom probe tomography ( APT ) experiments with density functional theory ( DFT ) modeling .	DFT is used to model a materials surface bonding , which affects the evaporation field of the surface atoms under high electric fields .	We show how the evaporation field of atoms is related to the charge density by comparing the directionality and localization of the electrons with the evaporation of single ions versus dimers .	In $ L1_ { 2 } -Al_ { 3 } Sc $ , $ Al-Al $ surface atoms are more likely to evaporate as dimers than $ Al-Sc $ surface atoms .
+2	E { \bf 82 } , 061302 ( 2010 ) ] to obtain putative maximally random jammed ( MRJ ) packings that are exactly isostatic with high fidelity over a large range of plane separation distances $ H $ , small to large sphere radius ratio $ \alpha $ and small sphere relative concentration $ x $ .	Disordered jammed packings under confinement have received considerably less attention than their \textit { bulk } counterparts and yet arise in a variety of practical situations .	In this work , we study binary sphere packings that are confined between two parallel hard planes , and generalize the Torquato-Jiao ( TJ ) sequential linear programming algorithm [ Phys.Rev .	We find that packing characteristics can be substantially different from their bulk analogs , which is due to what we term `` confinement frustration '' .	Rattlers in confined packings are generally more prevalent than those in their bulk counterparts .
+3	We address two challenges : ( 1 ) the detection of moving targets in the complex scene and ( 2 ) the separation of the echoes from the stationary targets and those from the moving targets .	We consider the problem of synthetic aperture radar ( SAR ) imaging and motion estimation of complex scenes .	By complex we mean scenes with multiple targets , stationary and in motion .	We use the usual setup with one moving antenna emitting and receiving signals .	Such separation allows high resolution imaging of the stationary scene and motion estimation with the echoes from the moving targets alone .
+3	For instance , by employing a Laguerre-Gaussian profile of the control field , one can impart a large angular divergence to the circular components close to the entry face of the atomic vapor cell .	We study the angular deflection of the circular polarized components of a linearly polarized probe field in a weakly birefringent atomic system in tripod configuration .	A spatially inhomogeneous control field incident obliquely onto an atomic vapor cell facilitates a large angular divergence between circular components .	We show that the angular resolution can be dynamically controlled by optimally choosing the angle of incidence and the transverse profile of the control beam .	We further demonstrate how such a medium causes the focusing and refocusing of the probe field , thereby acting as a convex or a concave lens with multiple foci .
+0	The risk of a financial position is usually summarized by a risk measure .	As this risk measure has to be estimated from historical data , it is important to be able to verify and compare competing estimation procedures .	In statistical decision theory , risk measures for which such verification and comparison is possible , are called elicitable .	It is known that quantile based risk measures such as value at risk are elicitable .	In this paper we show that law-invariant spectral risk measures such as expected shortfall are not elicitable unless they reduce to minus the expected value .
+0	We report results from a programme aimed at investigating the temperature of neutral gas in high-redshift damped Lyman- $ \alpha $ absorbers ( DLAs ) .	This involved ( 1 ) HI 21cm absorption studies of a large DLA sample , ( 2 ) VLBI studies to measure the low-frequency quasar core fractions , and ( 3 ) optical/ultraviolet spectroscopy to determine DLA metallicities and velocity widths .	Including literature data , our sample consists of 37 DLAs with estimates of the spin temperature $ T_s $ and the covering factor .	We find a strong $ 4\sigma $ ) difference between the $ T_s $ distributions in high-z ( z & gt ; 2.4 ) and low-z ( z & lt ; 2.4 ) DLA samples .	The high-z sample contains more systems with high $ T_s $ values , $ \gtrsim 1000 $ K. The $ T_s $ distributions in DLAs and the Galaxy are also clearly ( ~ $ 6\sigma $ ) different , with more high- $ T_s $ sightlines in DLAs than in the Milky Way .
+2	We select THMFs that have net linear polarization ( LP ) higher than 0.22 % , and an area larger than or equal to 3 pixels , and compare their occurrence rates and distribution of magnetic field azimuth .	Properties of transient horizontal magnetic fields ( THMFs ) in both plage and quiet Sun regions are obtained and compared .	Spectro-polarimetric observations with the Solar Optical Telescope ( SOT ) on the Hinode satellite were carried out with a cadence of about 30 seconds for both plage and quiet regions located near disk center .	We obtain probability density functions ( PDFs ) of magnetic field strength and inclination for both regions.The occurrence rate in the plage region is the same as for the quiet Sun .	The vertical magnetic flux in the plage region is ~8 times larger than in the quiet Sun .
+4	to the standard model expectation is 29 for a Higgs boson mass of 115 GeV .	We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson using hadronically decaying tau leptons , in 1 inverse femtobarn of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron ppbar collider .	We select two final states : tau plus missing transverse energy and b jets , and tau+ tau- plus jets .	These final states are sensitive to a combination of associated W/Z boson plus Higgs boson , vector boson fusion and gluon-gluon fusion production processes .	The observed ratio of the combined limit on the Higgs production cross section at the 95 % C.L .
+2	Nonlinear effects , especially those attributable to opacity , can play an important role .	The time evolution of thermal and thermo-reactive instabilities of primordial gas in the presence of ionizing UV radiation is studied .	We obtain conditions ( depending on density , temperature , and UV radiation intensity ) favorable for the formation of a multi-component medium .	In certain parameter regimes , dramatic , rapid evolution of ionization states away from ionization equilibrium may occur even if system control parameters evolve slowly and the system starts in or near ionization equilibrium .	Mathematically , these rapid changes may best be understood as manifestations of bifurcations in the solution surface corresponding to ionization equilibrium .
+1	Such geometries appear in families that are parameterized by the Tate-Shafarevich group of the genus-one fibration .	Discrete gauge groups naturally arise in F-theory compactifications on genus-one fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds .	While the F-theory compactification on any element of this family gives rise to the same physics , the corresponding M-theory compactifications on these geometries differ and are obtained by a fluxed circle reduction of the former .	In this note , we focus on an element of order three in the Tate-Shafarevich group of the general cubic .	We discuss how the different M-theory vacua and the associated discrete gauge groups can be obtained by Higgsing of a pair of five-dimensional U ( 1 ) symmetries .
+2	The model of antimatter pollution of Galaxy and annihilation with matter gas is developed .	The existence of antimatter domains in baryon asymmetrical Universe can appear as the cosmological consequence of particle theory in inflationary models with non-homogeneous baryosynthesis .	Such a domain can survive in the early Universe and form globular cluster of antimatter stars in our Galaxy .	The proton-antiproton annihilation gamma flux is shown to reproduce the observed galactic gamma background measured by EGRET .	From comparison with observational data the estimation on the maximally allowed amount of antimatter stars , possibly present in our Galaxy , is found .
+0	Oil suspensions of fluorohectorite clay particles exhibit a dramatic meso-structural ordering when submitted to a strong electric field .	This is due to dipolar interaction between polarized fluorohectorite particles , which orientate and aggregate to form chains and/or bundle-like structures along the direction of the applied electric field .	We have used synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering to get insight into the nature of the porous medium in the bundles .	Three types of fluorohectorite clay samples corresponding to three different intercalated cations Na+ , Ni2+ and Fe3+ were studied .	The two-dimensional SAXS images from bundles of fluorohectorites exhibit a marked anisotropy which is analyzed by fitting ellipses to iso-intensity lines of SAXS patterns .
+0	Landau and Lifshitz [ 4 , Section 35 ] conjectured that for an arbitrary $ k\in \mathbb { R } $ , there exists the motion of a quantum mechanical particle under the inverse square potential $ k|x|^ { -2 } $ , $ x \in \mathbb { R } ^3 $ .	When $ k $ is negative and $ | k | $ is very large , the inverse square potential becomes very deep and generates the very strong attractive force , and hence a quantum mechanical particle is likely to fall down to the origin ( the center of the inverse square potential ) .	Therefore this conjecture ( Landau-Lifshitz 's conjecture ) seems to be wrong at first sight .	We however prove Landau-Lifshitz 's conjecture by showing that there exists a selfadjoint extension for the Schr\ '' odinger operator with the inverse square potential $ -\Delta+k|x|^ { -2 } $ in $ \mathbb { R } ^N\ ( N\geq 2 ) $ and that the spectrum of the selfadjoint extension is bounded below for an arbitrary $ k\in \mathbb { R } $ .	We thus give the affirmative and complete answer to Landau-Lifshitz 's conjecture in $ \mathbb { R } ^N\ ( N\geq 2 ) $ .
+3	In contrast to previous assumptions of an exponential dependence of $ n_S $ on $ S $ , the Gaussian functions lead to a stretched exponential dependence of $ n_S $ on $ S $ , $ n_S\sim e^ { -S^ { 6/7 } } $ .	The scaling behavior of the closed trajectories of a moving particle generated by randomly placed rotators or mirrors on a square or triangular lattice in the critical region are investigated .	We study numerically two scaling functions : $ f ( x ) $ related to the trajectory length distribution $ n_S $ and $ h ( x ) $ related to the trajectory size $ R_S $ ( gyration radius ) as introduced by Stauffer for the percolation problem , where $ S $ is the length of a closed trajectory .	The scaling function $ f ( x ) $ is in most cases found to be symmetric double Gaussians with the same characteristic size exponent $ \sigma=0.43\approx 3/7 $ as was found at criticality .	However , for the rotator model on the partially occupied square lattice , an alternative scaling function near criticality is found , leading to a new exponent $ \sigma '=1.6\pm0.3 $ and a super exponential dependence of $ n_S $ on $ S $ .
+3	The data represents the first confirmation of the Optical Model predictions on neutron elastic scatterings with a direct measurement on the nuclear recoils of heavy nuclei .	There are recent interests with CsI ( Tl ) scintillating crystals for Dark Matter experiments .	The scattering signatures by neutrons on a CsI ( Tl ) detector were studied using a neutron beam generated by a 13 MV Tandem accelerator .	The energy spectra of nuclear recoils from 7 keV to 132 keV were measured , and their quenching factors for scintillating light yield were derived .	The pulse shape discrimination techniques to differentiate nuclear recoils from $ \gamma $ -background were studied .
+0	We analyze the resurgence properties of finite-dimensional exponential integrals which are prototypes for partition functions in quantum field theories .	In these simple examples , we demonstrate that perturbation theory , even at arbitrarily weak coupling , fails as the argument of the coupling constant is varied .	It is well-known that perturbation theory also fails at stronger coupling .	We show that these two failures are actually intimately related .	The formalism of resurgent transseries , which takes into account global analytic continuation properties , fixes both problems , and provides an arbitrarily accurate description of exact result for any value of coupling .
+2	A normal-incommensurate phase transition that is not too far from the mean-field tricritical point should be discontinuous and it is highly improbable that so far reported normal-incommensurate phase transitions lie very far from this point .	Almost all normal-incommensurate phase transitions observed experimentally are continuous .	We show that there is not any theoretical reason for this general behaviour in perfect crystals .	To understand this behaviour we study influence of defects on a hypothetical first-order normal-incommensurate phase transition in a pure material .	We have found that this influence is strikingly different from that on other kinds of first-order phase transitions .
+1	Our formalism is able to incorporate non-local correlations beyond the local typical medium theory in a systematic way .	We develop a cluster typical medium theory to study localization in disordered electronic systems .	The cluster typical medium theory utilizes the momentum resolved typical density of states and hybridization function to characterize the localization transition .	We apply the formalism to the Anderson model of localization in one- and two-dimensions .	In one dimension , we find that the critical disorder strength scales inversely with the linear cluster size with a power-law , $ W_c \sim ( 1/L_c ) ^ { 1/\nu } $ ; whereas in two dimensions , the critical disorder strength decreases logarithmically with the linear cluster size .
+0	We show that the proportionately spaced emission bands in the dynamic spectrum of the Crab pulsar ( Hankins T. H. & amp ; Eilek J .	A. , 2007 , ApJ , 670 , 693 ) fit the oscillations of the square of a Bessel function whose argument exceeds its order .	This function has already been encountered in the analysis of the emission from a polarization current with a superluminal distribution pattern : a current whose distribution pattern rotates ( with an angular frequency $ \omega $ ) and oscillates ( with a frequency $ \Omega & gt ; \omega $ differing from an integral multiple of $ \omega $ ) at the same time ( Ardavan H. , Ardavan A .	& amp ; Singleton J. , 2003 , J Opt Soc Am A , 20 , 2137 ) .	Using the results of our earlier analysis , we find that the dependence on frequency of the spacing and width of the observed emission bands can be quantitatively accounted for by an appropriate choice of the value of the single free parameter $ \Omega/\omega $ .
+0	We explore the dynamical evolution of a planet embedded in a disk surrounding a star part of a binary system where the orbital plane of the binary is significantly tilted respect to the initial disk plane .	Our aim is to test whether the planet remains within the disk and continues to migrate towards the star in a Type I/II mode in spite of the secular perturbations of the companion star .	This would explain observed exoplanets with significant inclination respect to the equatorial plane of their host star .	We have used two different SPH codes , vine and phantom , to model the evolution of a system star+disk+planet and companion star with time .	After an initial coupled evolution , the inclination of the disk and that of the planet begin to differ significantly .
+4	The [ O/Fe ] ratio is found to be sub -- solar for a Salpeter IMF , with [ O/Fe ] -0.2 at R & gt ; ~ 0.1R200 , whereas increasing to super-solar values in central regions , as a result of recent star formation .	We present results from Tree+SPH simulations of a galaxy cluster , aimed at studying the metal enrichment of the intra -- cluster medium ( ICM ) .	The simulation code includes a fairly advanced treatment of star formation , as well as the release of energy feedback and detailed yields from both type-II and type-Ia supernovae , also accurately accounting for the lifetimes of different stellar populations .	We perform simulations of a cluster with virial mass ~ 3.9x 10^14 Msun , to investigate the effect of varying the feedback strength and the stellar initial mass function ( IMF ) .	Although most of the models are able to produce acceptable amounts of Fe mass , we find that the profiles of the iron abundance are always steeper than observed .
+0	We analyze the vacuum structure of SU ( 2 ) QCD with multiple massless adjoint representation fermions formulated on a small spatial $ S^1 \times \R^3 $ .	The absence of thermal fluctuations , and the fact that quantum fluctuations favoring the vacuum with unbroken center symmetry in a weakly coupled regime renders the interesting dynamics of these theories analytically calculable .	Confinement , the area law behavior for large Wilson loops , and the generation of the mass gap in the gluonic sector are shown analytically .	By abelian duality transformation , the long distance effective theory of QCD is mapped into an amalgamation of $ d=3 $ dimensional Sine-Gordon and NJL models .	The duality necessitates going to IR first .
+0	This paper addresses the problem of correlation estimation in sets of compressed images .	We consider a framework where images are represented under the form of linear measurements due to low complexity sensing or security requirements .	We assume that the images are correlated through the displacement of visual objects due to motion or viewpoint change and the correlation is effectively represented by optical flow or motion field models .	The correlation is estimated in the compressed domain by jointly processing the linear measurements .	We first show that the correlated images can be efficiently related using a linear operator .
+4	Moreover it gives a formalism that allows to handle classical and quantum mechanics in a consistent manner .	The formalism of geometric algebra can be described as deformed super analysis .	The deformation is done with a fermionic star product , that arises from deformation quantization of pseudoclassical mechanics .	If one then extends the deformation to the bosonic coefficient part of superanalysis one obtains quantum mechanics for systems with spin .	This approach clarifies on the one hand the relation between Grassmann and Clifford structures in geometric algebra and on the other hand the relation between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics .
+0	In a previous work [ Dillon and Nakanishi , Eur.Phys.J B 87 , 286 ( 2014 ) ] , we numerically calculated the transmission coefficient of the two-dimensional quantum percolation problem and mapped out in detail the three regimes of localization , i.e. , exponentially localized , power-law localized , and delocalized which had been proposed earlier [ Islam and Nakanishi , Phys.Rev .	E 77 , 061109 ( 2008 ) ] .	We now consider a variation on quantum percolation in which the hopping integral ( $ w $ ) associated with bonds that connect to at least one diluted site is not zero , but rather a fraction of the hopping integral ( V=1 ) between non-diluted sites .	We study the latter model by calculating quantities such as the transmission coefficient and the inverse participation ratio and find the original quantum percolation results to be stable for $ w & gt ; 0 $ over a wide range of energy .	In particular , except in the immediate neighborhood of the band center ( where increasing $ w $ to just $ 0.02*V $ appears to eliminate localization effects ) , increasing $ w $ only shifts the boundaries between the 3 regimes but does not eliminate them until $ w $ reaches 10 % -40 % of $ V $ .
+4	The mechanical sidebands exhibit a Fano lineshape , and to explain this we develop a theory describing heterodyne measurements in the presence of correlated classical laser noise .	We demonstrate a cryogenic optomechanical system comprising a flexible Si3N4 membrane placed at the center of a free-space optical cavity in a 400 mK cryogenic environment .	We observe a mechanical quality factor Q & gt ; 4 x 10^6 for the 261-kHz fundamental drum-head mode of the membrane , and a cavity resonance halfwidth of 60 kHz .	The optomechanical system therefore operates in the resolved sideband limit .	We monitor the membrane 's thermal motion using a heterodyne optical circuit capable of simultaneously measuring both of the mechanical sidebands , and find that the observed optical spring and damping quantitatively agree with theory .
+4	We also show that if the positron excess is due to a single pulsar , it is always possible to find a DM candidate that provides a good fit to the mock AMS-02 data .	We study the prospects for discriminating between the dark matter ( DM ) and pulsar origin of the PAMELA positron excess with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer AMS-02 .	We simulate the response of AMS-02 to positrons ( and electrons ) originating from DM annihilations , and determine the pulsar parameters ( spin-down luminosity , distance and characteristic age ) that produce a satisfactory fit to the mock AMS-02 data .	It turns out that it is always possible to mimic a DM signal with pulsars .	Although the fit in some cases requires values of spin-down luminosity and characteristic age different from those of known pulsars in the ATNF and Fermi-LAT catalogues , these catalogues are known to be incomplete , and therefore the pulsar interpretation can hardly be ruled out .
+2	The associated field theories arise as a low-energy limit of string theory in specific backgrounds and generalize the Moyal-deformed supersymmetric field theories .	We review the non-anticommutative Q-deformations of N= ( 1,1 ) supersymmetric theories in four-dimensional Euclidean harmonic superspace .	These deformations preserve chirality and harmonic Grassmann analyticity .	A characteristic feature of the Q-deformed theories is the half-breaking of supersymmetry in the chiral sector of the Euclidean superspace .	Our main focus is on the chiral singlet Q-deformation , which is distinguished by preserving the SO ( 4 ) Spin ( 4 ) `` Lorentz '' symmetry and the SU ( 2 ) R-symmetry .
+0	This is the manual of the specialized event generator TopReX 3.25 .	The generator provides the simulation of several important processes in pp and p pbar collisions , not implemented in PYTHIA ( yet ) .	Some of these processes include t-quarks whose spin polarizations are taken into account in the subsequent decay of the t-quarks .	Several non-SM top quark decay channels are included , too .	All calculated subprocesses can be accessed from PYTHIA as external processes .
+2	We calculate the evolution of several observables from two particular initial states : starting with a local N\`eel state we calculate the time evolution of the antiferromagnetic order parameter -- staggered magnetization ; starting with a state with consecutive flipped spins we calculate the propagation of magnons and bound state excitations , and the induced spin currents .	We develop an analytic approach for the study of the quench dynamics of the anisotropic Heisenberg model ( XXZ model ) on the infinite line .	We present the exact time-dependent wavefunctions after a quench in an integral form for any initial state and for any anisotropy $ \Delta $ by means of a generalized Yudson contour representation .	We also show how the `` string '' solution of Bethe Ansatz equations emerge naturally from the contour approach .	We confront our results with experiments and numerical methods where possible .
+1	The resulting reduced models , called { \em Generalized Non-Abelian Conformal Affine Toda ( G-CAT ) } , are conformally invariant and a wide class of them possesses soliton solutions ; these models constitute non-abelian generalizations of the Conformal Affine Toda models .	We consider the Hamiltonian reduction of the two-loop Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model ( WZNW ) based on an untwisted affine Kac-Moody algebra $ \cgh $ .	Their general solution is constructed by the Leznov-Saveliev method .	Moreover , the dressing transformations leading to the solutions in the orbit of the vacuum are considered in detail , as well as the $ \tau $ -functions , which are defined for any integrable highest weight representation of $ \cgh $ , irrespectively of its particular realization .	When the conformal symmetry is spontaneously broken , the G-CAT model becomes a generalized Affine Toda model , whose soliton solutions are constructed .
+4	The 3-body and 2-body entanglements ( in three 2-body subsystems ) , the 3-tangles and 2-tangles are explicitly evaluated for each class .	Braiding operators corresponding to the third Reidemeister move in the theory of knots and links are realized in terms of parametrized unitary matrices for all dimensions .	Two distinct classes are considered .	Their ( non-local ) unitary actions on separable pure product states of three identical subsystems ( say , the spin projections of three particles ) are explicitly evaluated for all dimensions .	This , for our classes , is shown to generate entangled superposition of four terms in the base space .
+1	This is an administrative nightmare , and even minor failures result in reprocessing the entire run , which wastes time , money and CPU power .	Reconstruction of one run of CLEO III raw data can take up to 9 days to complete using a single processor .	We leveraged the ability of the CLEO III software infrastructure to read and write multiple file formats to perform reconstruction of a single run using several CPUs in parallel .	Using the Sun Grid Engine and some Perl scripts , we assign roughly equal-sized chunks of events to different CPUs .	The Raw data are read from an Objectivity/DB database , but the reconstruction output is written to a temporary file , not the database .
+4	This shows that the Vainshtein mechanism at high densities is not enough to screen all of the modifications of gravity .	We study spherical collapse in the Quartic and Quintic Covariant Galileon gravity models within the framework of the excursion set formalism .	We derive the nonlinear spherically symmetric equations in the quasi-static and weak-field limits , focusing on model parameters that fit current CMB , SNIa and BAO data .	We demonstrate that the equations of the Quintic model do not admit physical solutions of the fifth force in high density regions , which prevents the study of structure formation in this model .	For the Quartic model , we show that the effective gravitational strength deviates from unity at late times ( $ z \lesssim 1 $ ) , becoming larger if the density is low , but smaller if the density is high .
+2	A series of configurations are calculated for two sets of bag model parameters and three different values of ro_cr ( 10^9g/cm^3 & lt ; =ro_cr & lt ; =ro_drip ) to find the dependence of a star 's mass M and radius R on the central density .	Strange quark stars with a crust and strange dwarfs consisting of a compact strange quark core and an extended crust are investigated in terms of a bag model .	The crust , which consists of atomic nuclei and degenerate electrons , has a limiting density of ro_ cr=ro_drip=4.3*10^11g/cm^3 .	Sequences of stars ranging from compact strange stars to extended strange dwarfs are constructed out of strange quark matter with a crust .	The effect of the bag model parameters and limiting crust density ro_cr on the parameters of the strange stars and strange dwarfs is examined .
+1	In contrast to dedicated backup servers , nowadays a standard solution , making backups directly on organization 's workstations should be cheaper ( as existing hardware is used ) , more efficient ( as there is no single bottleneck server ) and more reliable ( as the machines are geographically dispersed ) .	P2P architecture is a viable option for enterprise backup .	We present the architecture of a p2p backup system that uses pairwise replication contracts between a data owner and a replicator .	In contrast to standard p2p storage systems using directly a DHT , the contracts allow our system to optimize replicas ' placement depending on a specific optimization strategy , and so to take advantage of the heterogeneity of the machines and the network .	Such optimization is particularly appealing in the context of backup : replicas can be geographically dispersed , the load sent over the network can be minimized , or the optimization goal can be to minimize the backup/restore time .
+3	For the lowest 1s - & gt ; 2p , 3p resonances , comparisons to available C II , C III , and C IV experimental results show good agreement in general for the resonance strengths and positions , but unexplained discrepancies exist .	K-shell photoabsorption cross sections for the isonuclear C I - C IV ions have been computed using the R-matrix method .	Above the K-shell threshold , the present results are in good agreement with the independent-particle results of Reilman & amp ; Manson ( 1979 ) .	Below threshold , we also compute the strong 1s - & gt ; np absorption resonances with the inclusion of important spectator Auger broadening effects .	Our results also provide detailed information on the C I K-shell photoabsorption cross section including the strong resonance features , since very limited laboratory experimental data exist .
+3	In addition , the results are extrapolated down to current energies of proton-proton collisions , where non-asymptotic corrections to the dipole approach are needed .	We study the influence of unitarity corrections on the Drell-Yan transverse momentum distribution within the color dipole approach .	These unitarity corrections are implemented through the multiple scattering Glauber-Mueller approach , which is contrasted with a phenomenological saturation model .	The process is analyzed for the center of mass energies of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ( RHIC , $ \sqrt { s } =500 $ GeV ) and of the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC , $ \sqrt { s } =14 $ TeV ) .	It is also shown that in the absence of saturation , the dipole approach can be related to the QCD Compton process .
+4	We compare our results with the GalICS ( Galaxies In Cosmological Simulations ) models of galaxy evolution and with parameterized models of clustering evolution .	We investigate the clustering of galaxies selected in the 3.6 micron band of the Spitzer Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic ( SWIRE ) legacy survey .	The angular two-point correlation function is calculated for eleven samples with flux limits of S_3.6 & gt ; 4-400 mujy , over an 8 square degree field .	The angular clustering strength is measured at & gt ; 5-sigma significance at all flux limits , with amplitudes of A= ( 0.49-29 ) \times10^ { -3 } at one degree , for a power-law model , A\theta^ { -0.8 } .	We estimate the redshift distributions of the samples using phenomological models , simulations and photometric redshifts , and so derive the spatial correlation lengths .
+4	These odd-even effects are combined into a global phenomenological expression , ready to use in a binding energy formula .	We examine the general nature of nuclear odd-even mass differences by employing neutron and proton mass relations that emphasize these effects .	The most recent mass tables are used .	The possibility of a neutron excess dependence of the staggering is examined in detail in separate regions defined by the main nuclear shells , and a clear change in this dependency is found at $ Z=50 $ for both neutrons and protons .	A further separation into odd and even neutron ( proton ) number produces very accurate local descriptions of the mass differences for each type of nucleons .
+2	We present a natural geometric construction of a Lie contact structure on a seven-dimensional bundle over a five-manifold endowed with a $ ( 2,3,5 ) $ -distribution .	There are two well-known parabolic split $ G_2 $ -geometries in dimension five , $ ( 2,3,5 ) $ -distributions and $ G_2 $ -contact structures .	Here we link these two geometries with yet another $ G_2 $ -related contact structure , which lives on a seven-manifold .	For a class of distributions the induced Lie contact structure is constructed explicitly and we determine its symmetries .	We further study the relation between the canonical normal Cartan connections associated with the two structures .
+1	Even if the information is specified , it is not guaranteed that the fair value is uniquely determined by the given information .	In general it is not clear which kind of information is supposed to be used for calculating the fair value of a contingent claim .	A further problem is that asset prices are typically expressed in terms of a risk-neutral measure .	This makes it difficult to transfer the fundamental results of financial mathematics to econometrics .	I show that the aforementioned problems evaporate if the financial market is complete and sensitive .
+1	In contrast to a rotor , which generates angular momentum by increasing the angular velocity at approximately constant deformation , a tidal wave generates angular momentum by increasing the deformation at approximately constant angular velocity .	The yrast states of transitional nuclei are described as quadrupole waves running over the nuclear surface , which we call tidal waves .	The properties of the tidal waves are calculated by means of the cranking model in a microscopic way .	The calculated energies and E2 transition probabilities of the yrast states in the transitional nuclides with $ Z $ = 44 , 46 , 48 and $ N=56 , 58 , ... , 66 $ reproduce the experiment in detail .	The nonlinear response of the nucleonic orbitals results in a strong coupling between shape and single particle degrees of freedom .
+4	The observed discrepancies , which are much larger than the experimental precision , can be attributed to a lack of a complete characterization of the optical properties of the specific samples used in the experiment .	The first precise measurement of the Casimir force between dissimilar metals is reported .	The attractive force , between a Cu layer evaporated on a microelectromechanical torsional oscillator , and an Au layer deposited on an Al $ _2 $ O $ _3 $ sphere , was measured dynamically with a noise level of 6 fN/ $ \sqrt { \rm { Hz } } $ .	Measurements were performed for separations in the 0.2-2 $ \mu $ m range .	The results agree to better than 1 % in the 0.2-0.5 $ \mu $ m range with a theoretical model that takes into account the finite conductivity and roughness of the two metals .
+0	We establish axiomatic characterizations of $ K $ -theory and $ KK $ -theory for real C*-algebras .	In particular , let $ F $ be an abelian group-valued functor on separable real C*-algebras .	We prove that if $ F $ is homotopy invariant , stable , and split exact , then $ F $ factors through the category $ KK $ .	Also , if $ F $ is homotopy invariant , stable , half exact , continuous , and satisfies an appropriate dimension axiom , then there is a natural isomorphism $ K ( A ) \to F ( A ) $ for a large class of separable real C*-algebras $ A $ .	Furthermore , we prove that a natural transformation $ F ( A ) \to G ( A ) $ of homotopy invariant , stable , half-exact functors which is an isomorphism when $ A $ is complex is necessarily an isomorphism when $ A $ is real .
+4	For the gas system , Argon gas was mixed with CO2 to the ratio of 8:2 , and for the negative 2,000 volts , the 3106D power supply was used .	For its ease manufacturing , flexible geometry , and cheap manufacturing cost , the gas electron multiplier ( GEM ) detector can be used as an x-ray image sensor .	For this purpose , we acquired relative detection efficiencies and suggested a method to increase the detection efficiency in order to study the possibility of GEM detector as an x-ray image sensor .	The GEM detector system is composed of GEM foils , the instrument system , the gas system , and the negative power supply .	The instrument system consists of the A225 charge sensitive preamp , A206 discriminator , and MCA8000D multichannel analyzer .
+0	A lattice gas model for Schloegl 's second chemical reaction is described and analyzed .	Because the lattice gas does not obey a semi-detailed-balance condition , the equilibria are non-Gibbsian .	In spite of this , a self-consistent set of equations for the exact homogeneous equilibria are described , using a generalized cluster-expansion scheme .	These equations are solved in the two-particle BBGKY approximation , and the results are compared to numerical experiment .	It is found that this approximation describes the equilibria far more accurately than the Boltzmann approximation .
+1	Here we demonstrate non-invasive , non-destructive imaging of buried interfaces using a tabletop , extreme ultraviolet ( EUV ) , coherent diffractive imaging ( CDI ) nanoscope .	Characterizing buried layers and interfaces is critical for a host of applications in nanoscience and nano-manufacturing .	Copper nanostructures inlaid in SiO2 are coated with 100 nm of aluminum , which is opaque to visible light and thick enough that neither optical microscopy nor atomic force microscopy can image the buried interfaces .	Short wavelength ( 29 nm ) high harmonic light can penetrate the aluminum layer , yielding high-contrast images of the buried structures .	Moreover , differences in the absolute reflectivity of the interfaces before and after coating reveal the formation of interstitial diffusion and oxidation layers at the Al-Cu and Al-SiO2 boundaries .
+1	However , nature gives us only nearest neighbor interactions in simple and controllable settings .	Interactions among qubits are essential for performing two-qubit quantum logic operations .	Here we propose a strategy to induce interactions among two atomic entities that are not necessarily neighbors of each other through their common coupling with a cavity field .	This facilitates fast multiqubit quantum logic operations through a set of two-qubit operations .	The ideas presented here are applicable to various quantum computing proposals for atom based qubits such as , trapped ions , atoms trapped in optical cavities and optical lattices .
+3	We find large enhancements in a Cooper pair correlation function caused purely by the interplay between the uncertainty principle , repulsion and the proximity of half filling .	This work present a new class of variational wave functions for fermi systems in any dimension .	These wave functions introduce correlations between Cooper pairs in different momentum states and the relevant correlations can be computed analytically .	At half filling we have a ground state with critical superconducting correlations , that is argued to be exact for the model considered .	This is surprising since there is no accompanying signature in usual charge and spin response functions , and typifies a novel kind of many body cooperative behaviour .
+0	The charge transport and the noise of a quantum wire network , made of three semi-infinite external leads attached to a ring crossed by a magnetic flux , are investigated .	The system is driven away from equilibrium by connecting the external leads to heat reservoirs with different temperatures and/or chemical potentials .	The properties of the exact scattering matrix of this configuration as a function of the momentum , the magnetic flux and the transmission along the ring are explored .	We derive the conductance and the noise , describing in detail the role of the magnetic flux .	In the case of weak coupling between the ring and the reservoirs , a resonant tunneling effect is observed .
+1	In particular , there is a long exact sequence relating Weil-etale cohomology and etale cohomology .	We calculate the total derived functor for the map from the Weil-etale site introduced by Lichtenbaum to the etale site for varieties over finite fields .	In the second half of the paper , we apply this to study the Weil-etale cohomology of the motivic complex for smooth and projective varieties .	These groups are expected to be finitely generated , to give an integral model for l-adic cohomology , and to be related to special values of the zeta function .	We give necessary and sufficient conditions for this to hold , and examples .
+4	When the initial state is a Werner state , the geometric phase is , in general , zero and moreover the singularity of the geometric phase may appear with a proper evolution time .	The geometric phase ( GP ) for bipartite systems in transverse external magnetic fields is investigated in this paper .	Two different situations have been studied .	We first consider two non-interacting particles .	The results show that because of entanglement , the geometric phase is very different from that of the non-entangled case .
+2	A competing view applies this postulate to density matrices instead , but that lies outside the scope of this paper .	The purpose of this paper is to show the unusual behavior of a number of simple circuits under the effects of post-selection .	A useful duality exists between post-selected ensembles and a consistent picture of acausal physics embodying the application of Novikov 's consistency postulate to the wave-function of a time machine .	To find out the result of a measurement on a particular circuit , we consider a weighted distribution of histories between some initial and final time , such that each individually obeys ordinary quantum mechanics .	The weight of a particular history is given by a joint distribution over the values of a part of the system dubbed the time machine , at two chosen times .
+2	We show that systematic improvement of the calculated anion displacement can be achieved by using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof ( HSE06 ) functional compared with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof ( PBE ) functional .	We present a systematic and comparative study of the structural and electronic properties of Cu-based ternary and quaternary semiconductors using first-principles electronic structure approaches .	The important role that Cu d electrons play in determining their properties is illustrated by comparing results calculated with different exchange correlation energy functionals .	Quasiparticle band structures are then calculated within the G0W0 approximation using the crystal structures optimized within the HSE06 functional and starting from the PBE+U mean-field solution .	Both the calculated quasiparticle band gaps and their systematic variation with chemical constituents agree very well with experiments .
+0	Field theory with instantons can be partially regularized by adding degrees of freedom at some scale .	These extra degrees of freedom lead to the appearence of the new topological defects .	These defects which we call freckles have some characteristic size depending on the scale at which the extra degrees of freedom revive .	The examples of two dimensional sigma model , four dimensional gauge theory are studied .	The compactification of the four dimensional supersymmetric gauge theory down to two dimensions is also considered and the new phenomena are found .
+4	We demonstrate how to measure this quantity from realistic catalogues and identify the main sources of bias and errors	The mean pairwise velocity of galaxies has traditionally been estimated from the redshift space galaxy correlation function .	This method is notorious for being highly sensitive to the assumed model of the pairwise velocity dispersion .	Here we propose an alternative method to estimate the streaming velocity directly from peculiar velocity samples , which contain redshift-independent distances as well as galaxy redshifts .	This method can provide an estimate of $ \Omega^ { 0.6 } \sigma_8^2 $ for a range of $ \sigma_8 $ where $ \Omega $ is the cosmological density parameter , while $ \sigma_8 $ is the standard normalization for the power spectrum of density fluctuations .
+2	This pseudo-spin like two-component quantity is in fact a generalization of the Majorana polarization ( MP ) measure introduced in Sticlet et al .	We study the solutions of generic Hamiltonians exhibiting particle-hole mixing .	We show that there exists a universal quantity that can describe locally the Majorana nature of a given state .	2012 , which was applicable only for some models with specific spin and symmetry properties .	We apply this to an open two-dimensional Kitaev system , as well as to a one-dimensional topological wire .
+3	Using this single optical mode , the two atomic ensembles can simultaneously be optically pumped to opposite Zeeman states .	A strongly confined light field necessarily exhibits a local polarization that varies on a subwavelength scale .	We demonstrate that a single optical mode of such kind can be used to selectively and simultaneously manipulate atomic ensembles that are less than a micron away from each other and equally coupled to the light field .	The technique is implemented with an optical nanofiber that provides an evanescent field interface between a strongly guided optical mode and two diametric linear arrays of cesium atoms .	Moreover , the state-dependent light shifts can be made locally distinct , thereby enabling an independent coherent manipulation of the two ensembles .
+3	Moreover , it is of practical interest to have a single transmit scheme that handles different CSIT scenarios .	We consider a two-hop wireless network where a transmitter communicates with a receiver via $ M $ relays with an amplify-and-forward ( AF ) protocol .	Recent works have shown that sophisticated linear processing such as beamforming and distributed space-time coding ( DSTC ) at relays enables to improve the AF performance .	However , the relative utility of these strategies depend on the available channel state information at transmitter ( CSIT ) , which in turn depends on system parameters such as the speed of the underlying fading channel and that of training and feedback procedures .	This motivates us to consider a unified approach based on DSTC that potentially provides diversity gain with statistical CSIT and exploits some additional side information if available .
+1	In spite of dynamic ranges of about 100 in several frequency bands , all six galaxies remain unresolved , with size limits at 8.4 GHz of 10^3 -- 10^4 times the Schwarzschild radii of the black holes inferred at their galactic centers .	Six low-luminosity active galactic nuclei have been imaged at multiple frequencies from 1.7 -- 43 GHz ( 2.3 -- 15 GHz for three of the galaxies ) using the Very Long Baseline Array .	The galaxy spectra are roughly flat from 1.7 to 43 GHz , rather than steepening to classical optically thin synchrotron spectra at high frequencies .	Although the spectral slopes somewhat resemble predictions for advection-dominated accretion flows , the luminosities are too high for the black hole masses of the galaxies and the slight spectral steepening at high frequencies can not be explained by standard simple models of such accretion flows .	In contrast , compact jets can accommodate the average spectral index , the relatively high radio luminosity , and the unresolved appearance , but only if the jets in all six galaxies are fairly close to our line of sight .
+4	In the intermediate $ p_ { T } $ region ( $ 2 & lt ; p_T & lt ; 4 $ GeV/c ) , the nuclear modification factors ( $ R_ { CP } $ and $ R_ { AA } $ ) of $ K^* $ are similar to those of $ K_ { S } $ and smaller than those of baryons ( $ \Lambda $ ) .	We report the measurements of the transverse momentum spectra and invariant mass distributions of $ \Delta $ ( 1232 ) $ \to \pi p $ , $ K^* $ ( 892 ) $ ^ { 0 , \pm } \to \pi K $ and $ \rho $ ( 770 ) $ ^ { 0 } \to \pi^ { + } \pi^ { - } $ in Au+Au and p+p collisions at $ \sqrt { s_ { NN } } $ =200 GeV using the STAR TPC at RHIC .	These resonances provide sensitive probes to examine the evolution dynamics in the hadronic medium through their decay and regeneration processes .	The particle ratios of $ K^*/K $ , $ K^*/\phi $ , $ \Delta $ /p and $ \rho/\pi $ , the $ K^* $ , $ \rho $ and $ \Delta $ apparent masses and the dependence of these quantities on centrality provide evidence of dynamical interaction and re-scattering between hadrons close to freeze-out .	The dependence of resonance yields on the strength of their hadronic cross sections and the lifetime between the freeze-outs will also be discussed .
+1	A strong compositional dependence of the elastic properties is predicted .	The elastic properties of paramagnetic cubic B1 ( c- ) Cr1-xAlxN ternary alloys are studied using stress-strain and energy-strain methods within the framework of Density Functional Theory ( DFT ) .	Young 's modulus , E , and shear modulus , G , exhibit the same compositional trends as experimentally measured hardness values ( i.e.increasing with Al content ) , while bulk modulus , B , remains almost constant .	The isotropic elastic response in the c-Cr1-xAlxN is predicted for concentrations around x=0.50 .	Brittle behavior and directional bonding characteristics are predominant in the c-Cr1-xAlxN coatings in the whole composition range , and become more pronounced with increasing Al content .
+4	We show that while flavour-dependent thermal type II leptogenesis becomes more efficient for larger mass scale of the light neutrinos , and the bounds become relaxed , the type I seesaw scenario for leptogenesis becomes more constrained .	We reanalyse leptogenesis via the out-of-equilibrium decay of the lightest right-handed neutrino in type II seesaw scenarios , taking into account flavour-dependent effects .	In the type II seesaw mechanism , in addition to the type I seesaw contribution , an additional direct mass term for the light neutrinos is present .	We consider type II seesaw scenarios where this additional contribution arises from the vacuum expectation value of a Higgs triplet , and furthermore an effective model-independent approach .	We investigate bounds on the flavour-specific decay asymmetries , on the mass of the lightest right-handed neutrino and on the reheat temperature of the early universe , and compare them to the corresponding bounds in the type I seesaw framework .
+1	The survey covers approximately 3.2x the cluster half-mass radius at 3.6 , 4.5 , 5.8 , 8 , and 24 microns , resulting in a catalog of over 40,000 point-sources in the cluster .	We present a Spitzer Space Telescope imaging survey of the most massive Galactic globular cluster , omega Centauri , and investigate stellar mass loss at low metallicity and the intracluster medium ( ICM ) .	Approximately 140 cluster members ranging 1.5 dex in metallicity show a red excess at 24 microns , indicative of circumstellar dust .	If all of the dusty sources are experiencing mass loss , the cumulative rate of loss is estimated at 2.9 - 4.2 x 10^ ( -7 ) solar masses per year , 63 % -- 66 % of which is supplied by three asymptotic giant branch stars at the tip of the Red Giant Branch ( RGB ) .	There is little evidence for strong mass loss lower on the RGB .
+0	We study theoretically the charged current above a topological insulator ( TI ) separated by a ferromagnetic insulating layer .	An unconventional Hall response occurs in the conducting layer on top of the TI which approaches to a constant value independent of R for R & lt ; & lt ; l and decays with R^ { -1 } for R & gt ; & gt ; l , where R is the separation between TI and conducting layer and l is the screening length .	In the comoving frame , it can be interpreted as a monopole current attached to the TI surface .	The same mechanism gives the Hall response and deflection of the electron beam injected to the surface of insulating ferromagnet .	A realistic estimate of an order of magnitude shows that both effects give reasonably large signal experimentally accessible .
+1	However , in recent decades it has been increasingly often alleged that the data-analysis of the expedition 's leaders was faulty and biased in favor of Einstein 's theory .	The 1919 Eclipse Expedition to test the light-bending prediction of General Relativity remains one of the most famous physics experiments of the 20th century .	Arthur Stanley Eddington is particularly alleged to have been prejudiced in favor of general relativity .	Specifically it is claimed that some of the data , which would have favored the so-called Newtonian prediction , was thrown out on dubious grounds .	This paper argues that a close examination of the views of the expedition 's organizers , and of their data analysis , suggests that they had good grounds for acting as they did , and that the key people involved , in particular the astronomer Frank Watson Dyson , were not biased in favor of Einstein .
+4	The generic shape of the individual branches of the brush-like part of I-V established under conditions of negligible overheating suggests a phase-slip origin of the so-called `intrinsic Josephson effect ' ( IJE ) .	The out-of-plane current-voltage ( I-V ) characteristics of Bi2212 are studied in experimental environments of different heat transfer efficiency , allowing practical separation of intrinsic and extrinsic phenomena .	{ \it Intrinsic } ( heating-free ) response is Ohmic in the normal state of Bi2212 , while its resistance , R=V/I , is found to be a good practical measure of the mean temperature of the sample in the overheated case .	A self-heating model proposed for the latter case provides a qualitative and quantitative description of key findings of intrinsic tunnelling spectroscopy including ( pseudo ) gaps , quasiparticle and normal state resistances .	The model also naturally explains the `superconducting ' gap closure well below $ T_c $ of the material as well as its survival at a magnetic field significantly exceeding $ H_ { c2 } $ .
+2	The mean ages of their circumnuclear stellar populations are quite different , and the magnesium overabundance of the nucleus in NGC 3627 is evidence for a very brief last star formation event 1 Gyr ago whereas the evolution of the central part of NGC 3623 looks more quiescent .	The kinematics , structure , and stellar population properties in the centers of two early-type spiral galaxies of the Leo Triplet , NGC 3623 and NGC 3627 , are studied by means of integral-field spectroscopy .	Unlike our previous targets , NGC 3384/NGC 3368 in the Leo I group and NGC 5574/NGC 5576 in LGG379 , NGC 3623 and NGC 3627 do not appear to experience a synchronous evolution .	In the center of NGC 3627 we observe noticeable gas radial motions , and the stars and the ionized gas in the center of NGC 3623 demonstrate more or less stable rotation .	However , NGC 3623 has a chemically distinct core -- a relic of a past star formation burst -- which is shaped as a compact , dynamically cold stellar disk with a radius of about 250-350 pc which has been formed not later than 5 Gyr ago .
+4	For 1 - 2.5 at. % doping , at 20K the in-field critical current densities ( Jc 's ) were enhanced , particularly at lower fields .	Two sets of MgB2 samples doped with up to 5 at .	% of Al were prepared in different laboratories using different procedures .	Decreases in the a and c lattice parameters were observed with Al doping confirming Al substitution onto the Mg site .	The critical temperature ( Tc ) remained largely unchanged with Al doping .
+4	The zigzag-chain solution transparently shows how the Kitaev interaction stabilizes the counter-rotating spiral , which is shown to persist on restoring the inter-chain coupling .	A family of insulating iridates with chemical formula Li $ _2 $ IrO $ _3 $ has recently been discovered , featuring three distinct crystal structures $ \alpha , \beta , \gamma $ ( honeycomb , hyperhoneycomb , stripyhoneycomb ) .	Measurements on the three-dimensional polytypes , $ \beta $ - and $ \gamma $ -Li $ _2 $ IrO $ _3 $ , found that they magnetically order into remarkably similar spiral phases , exhibiting a non-coplanar counter-rotating spiral magnetic order with equivalent q=0.57 wavevectors .	We examine magnetic Hamiltonians for this family and show that the same triplet of nearest-neighbor Kitaev-Heisenberg-Ising ( KJI ) interactions reproduces this spiral order on both $ \beta , \gamma $ -Li $ _2 $ IrO $ _3 $ structures .	We analyze the origin of this phenomenon by studying the model on a 1D zigzag chain , a structural unit common to the three polytypes .
+1	We concentrate this study on the chemistry of H2O and O2 , two molecules which are predicted to have abundances that are significantly affected in shock-heated gas .	We have used a coupled time-dependent chemical and dynamical model to investigate the lifetime of the chemical legacy left in the wake of C-type shocks .	Two models are presented : ( 1 ) a three-stage model of pre-shock , shocked , and post-shock gas ; and ( 2 ) a Monte-Carlo cloud simulation where we explore the effects of stochastic shock activity on molecular gas over a cloud lifetime .	In agreement with previous studies , we find that shock velocities in excess of 10 km s^-1 are required to convert all of the oxygen not locked in CO into H2O before the gas has an opportunity to cool .	For pure gas-phase models the lifetime of the high water abundances , or `` H2O legacy '' , in the post-shock gas is 4 - 7 x 10^5 years .
+1	In our model a non-axisymmetric magnetic coupling ( MC ) of a rotating black hole ( BH ) with its surrounding accretion disc coexists with the Blandford-Znajek ( BZ ) process .	We propose a model to explain a puzzling 3:2 frequency ratio of high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations ( HFQPOs ) in black hole ( BH ) X-ray binaries , GRO J1655-40 , GRS 1915+105 and XTE J1550-564 .	The upper frequency is fitted by a rotating hotspot near the inner edge of the disc , which is produced by the energy transferred from the BH to the disc , and the lower frequency is fitted by another rotating hotspot somewhere away from the inner edge of the disc , which arises from the screw instability of the magnetic field on the disc .	It turns out that the 3:2 frequency ratio of HFQPOs in these X-ray binaries could be well fitted to the observational data with a much narrower range of the BH spin .	In addition , the spectral properties of HFQPOs are discussed .
+0	Recent work has suggested that low-density generator matrix ( LDGM ) codes are likely to be effective for lossy source coding problems .	We derive rigorous upper bounds on the effective rate-distortion function of LDGM codes for the binary symmetric source , showing that they quickly approach the rate-distortion function as the degree increases .	We also compare and contrast the standard LDGM construction with a compound LDPC/LDGM construction introduced in our previous work , which provably saturates the rate-distortion bound with finite degrees .	Moreover , this compound construction can be used to generate nested codes that are simultaneously good as source and channel codes , and are hence well-suited to source/channel coding with side information .	The sparse and high-girth graphical structure of our constructions render them well-suited to message-passing encoding .
+0	We revisit an extension of the MSSM by adding a hypercharge-neutral , SU ( 2 ) -triplet chiral superfield .	Similar to the NMSSM , the triplet gives an additional contribution to the quartic coupling in the Higgs potential , and the mass of the lightest CP-even Higgs boson can be greater than tne mass of the Z-bosn at tree-level .	In addition to discussing the perturbativity , fine-tuning , and decoupling issues of this model , we compute the dominant 1-loop corrections to the mass of the lightest CP-even Higgs boson from the triplet sector .	When the Higgs-Higgs-Triplet coupling in the superpotential is comparable to the top Yukawa coupling , we find that the Higgs mass can be as heavy as 140 GeV even without the traditional contributions from the top -- s-top sector , and at the same time consistent with the precision electroweak constraints .	At the expense of having Landau poles before the GUT scale , this opens up a previously forbidden region in the MSSM parameter space where both s-tops are light .
+2	The scope of the present contribution is to review the current knowledge about disks in young high-mass ( proto ) stars and discuss their implications .	Disks are a natural outcome of the star formation process in which they play a crucial role .	Luminous , massive stars of spectral type earlier than B4 are likely to be those that benefit most from the existence of accretion disks , which may significantly reduce the effect of radiation pressure on the accreting material .	The issues of disk stability and lifetime are also discussed .	We conclude that for protostars of less than ~20 solar masses , disks with mass comparable to that of the central star are common .
+0	We report results of 75As nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) and nuclear quadrupole resonance ( NQR ) experiments as well as 7Li NMR on different samples of self flux grown LiFeAs and 5 % Co doped LiFeAs single crystals , and a polycrystalline LiFeAs sample .	We were able to distinguish the samples by their slightly different quadrupole frequencies , $ \nu_Q $ , which is a direct measure of the electric field gradient ( EFG ) at the As site .	Interestingly , samples with a large quadrupole frequency appear to show a different Knight shift and spin lattice relaxation in the superconducting state from those with a lower $ \nu_Q $ , yet all the samples are clearly superconducting .	For sample S1 which has the largest $ \nu_Q $ , we find constant Knight shift K across Tc for a certain direction of the magnetic field and a peculiar upturn of the NQR spin lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 below Tc .	In contrast , samples with a lower $ \nu_Q $ exhibit the expected behavior for a singlet superconductor : a drop of K and 1/T1 for both NMR and NQR below Tc .
+2	In addition , we also study finite size regular networks in order to understand how regularity in node placement affects energy consumption .	We consider scaling laws for maximal energy efficiency of communicating a message to all the nodes in a wireless network , as the number of nodes in the network becomes large .	Two cases of large wireless networks are studied -- dense random networks and constant density ( extended ) random networks .	We first establish an information-theoretic lower bound on the minimum energy per bit for multicasting in arbitrary wireless networks when the channel state information is not available at the transmitters .	Upper bounds are obtained by constructing a simple flooding scheme that requires no information at the receivers about the channel states or the locations and identities of the nodes .
+2	The effect of $ \Delta $ isovector potential on the kinetic energy integrating ratio of $ \pi^-/\pi^+ $ may be observable only at lower incident beam energies and with stiffer symmetry energy .	Based on the isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck ( IBUU ) transport model , effects of $ \Delta $ resonance potential on the free n/p and $ \pi^-/\pi^+ $ ratios in the central collision of $ ^ { 197 } Au+^ { 197 } Au $ at beam energies of 200 and 400 MeV/A are studied .	It is found that the effect of $ \Delta $ potential on the ratio of pre-equilibrium free $ n/p $ is invisible .	The strength of the $ \Delta $ isoscalar potential affects the height of the $ \pi^-/\pi^+ $ ratio around the Coulomb peak but does not affect the kinetic energy integrating ratio of $ \pi^-/\pi^+ $ .	In heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies , relating to the question of non-conservation of energy on $ \Delta $ or $ \pi $ productions , one can replace the $ \Delta $ potential by nucleon isoscalar potential especially a soft symmetry energy is employed .
+0	The dynamics of helium shell convection driven by nuclear burning establish the conditions for runaway in the sub-Chandrasekhar mass , double detonation model for Type Ia supernovae , as well as for a variety of other explosive phenomena .	We explore these convection dynamics for a range of white dwarf core and helium shell masses in three dimensions using the low Mach number hydrodynamics code Maestro .	We present calculations of the bulk properties of this evolution , including time-series evolution of global diagnostics , lateral averages of the 3D state , and the global 3D state .	We find a variety of outcomes including quasi-equilibrium , localized runaway , and nova-like runaway .	Our results suggest the double detonation progenitor model is promising , that 3D , dynamic convection plays a key role , and that these systems warrant further study .
+2	Recursive models are shown to correspond precisely to a subclass of ( possible-world ) counterfactual structures .	Galles and Pearl claimed that `` for recursive models , the causal model framework does not add any restrictions to counterfactuals , beyond those imposed by Lewis 's [ possible-worlds ] framework . ''	This claim is examined carefully , with the goal of clarifying the exact relationship between causal models and Lewis 's framework .	On the other hand , a slight generalization of recursive models , models where all equations have unique solutions , is shown to be incomparable in expressive power to counterfactual structures , despite the fact that the Galles and Pearl arguments should apply to them as well .	The problem with the Galles and Pearl argument is identified : an axiom that they viewed as irrelevant , because it involved disjunction ( which was not in their language ) , is not irrelevant at all .
+4	By varying the Pt thickness , the SHA and spin-diffusion length of Pt is quantified as 0.012 ( 0.001 ) and 8.3 ( 0.9 ) nm , respectively .	We present a method to quantify the spin Hall angle ( SHA ) with spin pumping and microwave photoresistance measurements .	With this method , we separate the inverse spin Hall effect ( ISHE ) from other unwanted effects for permalloy/Pt bilayers using out-of-plane microwave excitation .	Through microwave photoresistance measurements , the in- and out-of-plane precessing angles of the magnetization are determined and enabled for the exact determination of the injected pure spin current .	This method is demonstrated with an almost perfect Lorentz line-shape for the obtained ISHE signal and the frequency independent SHA value as predicted by theory .
+3	Correlation corrections were included for all cluster sizes using the Coulomb-Hartree-Fock ( CHF ) model proposed by Clementi .	Ab initio Perturbed Ion ( PI ) calculations are reported for neutral stoichiometric ( MgO ) n clusters ( n & lt ; 14 ) .	An extensive number of isomer structures was identified and studied .	For the isomers of ( MgO ) n ( n & lt ; 8 ) clusters , a full geometrical relaxation was considered .	The results obtained compare favorably to the experimental data and other previous theoretical studies .
+0	We consider the integrable Camassa -- Holm hierarchy on the line with positive initial data rapidly decaying at infinity .	It is known that flows of the hierarchy can be formulated in a Hamiltonian form using two compatible Poisson brackets .	In this note we propose a new approach to Hamiltonian theory of the CH equation .	In terms of associated Riemann surface and the Weyl function we write an analytic formula which produces a family of compatible Poisson brackets .	The formula includes an entire function $ f ( z ) $ as a parameter .
+3	Thus , data redundancy mitigation is of paramount importance in such systems .	Vehicles provide an ideal platform for urban sensing applications , as they can be equipped with all kinds of sensing devices that can continuously monitor the environment around the travelling vehicle .	In this work we are particularly concerned with the use of vehicles as building blocks of a multimedia mobile sensor system able to capture camera snapshots of the streets to support traffic monitoring and urban surveillance tasks .	However , cameras are high data-rate sensors while wireless infrastructures used for vehicular communications may face performance constraints .	To address this issue in this paper we exploit sub-modular optimisation techniques to design efficient and robust data collection schemes for multimedia vehicular sensor networks .
+4	An associated equivalent class of operator-splitting integrations is also defined by generalizing the specified equivalence .	We investigate the equivalence of different operator-splitting schemes for the integration of the Langevin equation .	We consider a specific problem , so called the directed percolation process , which can be extended to a wider class of problems .	We first give a compact mathematical description of the operator-splitting method and introduce two typical splitting schemes that will be useful in numerical studies .	We show that the two schemes are essentially equivalent through the map that turns out to be an automorphism .
+2	They found that CMEs having a preceding CME with a speed $ & gt ; $ 300 $ km/s $ within $ 9 $ hours from the same active region have larger probability of leading to large SEP events than CMEs that do not have preceding CMEs .	Recently it has been suggested that the `` twin-CME '' scenario Li.etal2012 may be a very effective mechanism in causing extreme Solar Energetic Particle ( SEP ) events and in particular Ground Level Enhancement ( GLE ) events .	Ding.etal2013 performed a statistical examination of the twin-CME scenario with a total of $ 126 $ fast and wide western Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) .	The choice of $ 9 $ hours being the time lag $ \tau $ between the preceding CME and the main CME was based on some crude estimates of the decay time of the turbulence downstream of the shock driven by the preceding CME .	In this work , we examine this choice .
+0	Parisi 's formal replica-symmetry -- breaking ( RSB ) scheme for mean-field spin glasses has long been interpreted in terms of many pure states organized ultrametrically .	However , the early version of this interpretation , as applied to the short-range Edwards-Anderson model , runs into problems because as shown by Newman and Stein ( NS ) it does not allow for chaotic size dependence , and predicts non-self-averaging that can not occur .	NS proposed the concept of the metastate ( a probability distribution over infinite-size Gibbs states in a given sample that captures the effects of chaotic size dependence ) and a non-standard interpretation of the RSB results in which the metastate is non-trivial and is responsible for what was called non-self-averaging .	Here we use the effective field theory of RSB , in conjunction with the rigorous definitions of pure states and the metastate in infinite-size systems , to show that the non-standard picture follows directly from the RSB mean-field theory .	In addition , the metastate-averaged state possesses power-law correlations throughout the low temperature phase ; the corresponding exponent $ \zeta $ takes the value $ 4 $ according to the field theory in high dimensions $ d $ , and describes the effective fractal dimension of clusters of spins .
+1	Once this has been shown , it 's natural to ask how many summands are needed .	Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer has a unique representation as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers .	Using a continued fraction approach , Lekkerkerker proved that the average number of such summands needed for integers in $ [ F_n , F_ { n+1 } ) $ is $ n / ( \varphi^2 + 1 ) + O ( 1 ) $ , where $ \varphi = \frac { 1+\sqrt { 5 } } 2 $ is the golden mean .	Surprisingly , no one appears to have investigated the distribution of the number of summands ; our main result is that this converges to a Gaussian as $ n\to\infty $ .	Moreover , such a result holds not just for the Fibonacci numbers but many other problems , such as linear recurrence relation with non-negative integer coefficients ( which is a generalization of base $ B $ expansions of numbers ) and far-difference representations .
+4	Our results are significant for processes involving long-range dispersal like biological invasions , epidemics and cancer metastasis .	Occupancy of new habitats through dispersion is a central process in nature .	In particular , long range dispersal is involved in the spread of species and epidemics , although it has not been previously related with cancer invasion , a process that involves spread to new tissues .	We show that the early spread of cancer cells is similar to the species individuals spread and that both processes are represented by a common spatio-temporal signature , characterized by a particular fractal geometry of the boundaries of patches generated , and a power law-scaled , disrupted patch size distribution .	We show that both properties are a direct result of long-distance dispersal , and that they reflect homologous ecological processes of population self-organization .
+3	These galaxies are just beyond the reach of current near-infrared surveys , but should be found in large numbers by next-generation programs .	We present the predictions for the photometric and emission line properties of galaxies present during the latter stages of reionization from z=8 to 6 .	These preliminary predictions are made from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations that include star formation and feedback , but not the effects of radiative transfer .	We find significant numbers of galaxies that have stellar masses exceeding 10^8 Mo by z=8 , with metallicities in the range of one-tenth solar .	The Lyman alpha luminosity function does not evolve much from z=6 to z=8 , meaning that it should also be possible to detect these objects in significant numbers with upcoming narrow band surveys , unless the escape fraction of Ly-alpha evolves significantly between those epochs .
+1	The grid includes M dwarf model spectra , hence complementing the first library version established in Paper I ( Lejeune , Cuisinier & amp ; Buser 1997 ) .	A standard library of theoretical stellar spectra intended for multiple synthetic photometry applications including spectral evolutionary synthesis is presented .	It covers wide ranges of fundamental parameters : Teff : 50,000 K to 2000 K , log g : 5.5 to -1.02 , and [ M/H ] : +1.0 to -5.0 .	A correction procedure is also applied to the theoretical spectra in order to provide color-calibrated flux distributions over a large domain of effective temperatures .	For this purpose , empirical Teff-color calibrations are constructed between 11500 K and 2000 K , and semi-empirical calibrations for non-solar abundances ( [ M/H ] = -3.5 to +1.0 ) are established .
+3	In the remaining cases , there is a second irreducible component of dimension $ n+1 $ .	For a group $ G $ acting on an affine variety $ X $ , the separating variety is the closed subvariety of $ X\times X $ encoding which points of $ X $ are separated by invariants .	We concentrate on the indecomposable rational linear representations $ V_n $ of dimension $ n+1 $ of the additive group of a field of characteristic zero , and decompose the separating variety into the union of irreducible components .	We show that if $ n $ is odd , divisible by four , or equal to two , the closure of the graph of the action , which has dimension $ n+2 $ , is the only component of the separating variety .	We conclude that in these cases , there are no polynomial separating algebras .
+2	We also prove a conjecture of Erdos and Graham , that , for each fixed number K & gt ; 1 , the complement in the integers of any union of residue classes r ( n ) mod n , for distinct n in ( N , KN ] , has density at least d_K for N sufficiently large .	An old question of Erdos asks if there exists , for each number N , a finite set S of integers greater than N and residue classes r ( n ) mod n for n in S whose union is all the integers .	We prove that if $ \sum_ { n\in S } 1/n $ is bounded for such a covering of the integers , then the least member of S is also bounded , thus confirming a conjecture of Erdos and Selfridge .	Here d_K is a positive number depending only on K. Either of these new results implies another conjecture of Erdos and Graham , that if S is a finite set of moduli greater than N , with a choice for residue classes r ( n ) mod n for n in S which covers the integers , then the largest member of S can not be O ( N ) .	We further obtain stronger forms of these results and establish other information , including an improvement of a related theorem of Haight .
+1	We compare this background with intensity and anisotropy of astrophysical and cosmological radio backgrounds , such as from normal galaxies , radio-galaxies , galaxy cluster accretion shocks , the cosmic microwave background and with Galactic foregrounds .	We calculate intensity and angular power spectrum of the cosmological background of synchrotron emission from cold dark matter annihilations into electron positron pairs .	Under modest assumptions for the dark matter clustering we find that around 2 GHz average intensity and fluctuations of the radio background at sub-degree scales allows to probe dark matter masses & gt ; 100 GeV and annihilation cross sections not far from the natural values & lt ; sigma v & gt ; ~ 3 x 10^ ( -26 ) cm^3/s required to reproduce the correct relic density of thermal dark matter .	The angular power spectrum of the signal from dark matter annihilation tends to be flatter than that from astrophysical radio backgrounds .	Furthermore , radio source counts have comparable constraining power .
+3	respectively to be relic radio sources .	We present low-frequency observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope ( GMRT ) of three giant radio sources ( GRSs , J0139+3957 , J0200+4049 and J0807+7400 ) with relaxed diffuse lobes which show no hotspots and no evidence of jets .	The largest of these three , J0200+4049 , exhibits a depression in the centre of the western lobe , while J0139+3957 and J0807+7400 have been suggested earlier by Klein et al .	and Lara et al .	We estimate the ages of the lobes .
+1	The method exploits a membrane system where a substance of interest is transported in a solvent from one vessel to another across a thin membrane which plays here only an auxiliary role .	We propose a method to extract from experimental data the subdiffusion parameter $ \alpha $ and subdiffusion coefficient $ D_\alpha $ which are defined by means of the relation $ & lt ; x^2 & gt ; =2D_\alpha/\Gamma ( 1+\alpha ) t^\alpha $ where $ & lt ; x^2 & gt ; $ denotes a mean square displacement of a random walker starting from $ x=0 $ at the initial time $ t=0 $ .	Using such a system , we experimentally study a diffusion of glucose and sucrose in a gel solvent .	We find a fully analytic solution of the fractional subdiffusion equation with the initial and boundary conditions representing the system under study .	Confronting the experimental data with the derived formulas , we show a subdiffusive character of the sugar transport in gel solvent .
+0	We investigate the large deviation function pi ( w ) for the fluctuations of the power W ( t ) =w t , integrated over a time t , injected by a homogeneous random driving into a granular gas , in the infinite time limit .	Starting from a generalized Liouville equation we obtain an equation for the generating function of the cumulants mu ( lambda ) which appears as a generalization of the inelastic Boltzmann equation and has a clear physical interpretation .	Reasonable assumptions are used to obtain mu ( lambda ) in a closed analytical form .	A Legendre transform is sufficient to get the large deviation function pi ( w ) .	Our main result , apart from an estimate of all the cumulants of W ( t ) at large times t , is that pi ( w ) has no negative branch .
+1	Over the past years , many kind of control methods are proposed for the induction motors and direct torque control has gained huge importance inside of them due to fast dynamic torque responses and simple control structures .	The induction motors have wide range of applications for due to its well-known advantages like brushless structures , low costs and robust performances .	However , the direct torque control method has still some handicaps against the other control methods and most of the important of these handicaps is high torque ripple .	This paper suggests a new approach , Fuzzy logic based space vector modulation , on the direct torque controlled induction motors and aim of the approach is to overcome high torque ripple disadvantages of conventional direct torque control .	In order to test and compare the proposed direct torque control method with conventional direct torque control method simulations , in Matlab/Simulink , have been carried out in different working conditions .
+3	This gives us increased confidence in our age estimates for these objects .	We investigate the effect of a small contamination of hot , old , metal-poor starlight on the inferred stellar populations of early-type galaxies in the core of the Coma Cluster .	We find that the required correction to the Balmer and metal absorption-line strengths for old , metal-poor stars does not significantly affect the inferred age of the stellar population when the Hbeta strength is large .	Intermediate-aged populations are therefore still needed to explain enhanced Balmer-line strengths in early-type galaxies .	For galaxies with weak Balmer-line strengths corresponding to very old populations ( t & gt ; 10 Gyr ) , however , a correction for hot stars may indeed alter the inferred age , as previously suggested .
+3	The search for CR sources is carried out by the observation of TeV gamma-ray sources both galactic and extra-galactic .	The ARGO-YBJ experiment is in stable data taking since November 2007 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory ( Tibet , P.R .	China , 4300 m a.s.l. , 606 g/cm $ ^2 $ ) .	ARGO-YBJ is facing open problems in Cosmic Ray ( CR ) physics in different ways .	The CR spectrum , composition and anisotropy are measured in a wide energy range ( TeV - PeV ) thus overlapping for the first time direct measurements .
+3	We show that with this three-photon destructive interference , the conversion efficiency can still be as high as 25 % .	We investigate a four-state system interacting with long and short laser pulses in a weak probe beam approximation .	We show that when all lasers are tuned to the exact unperturbed resonances , part of the four-wave mixing ( FWM ) field is strongly absorbed .	The part which is not absorbed has the exact intensity required to destructively interfere with the excitation pathway involved in producing the FWM state .	Contrary to common belief , our calculation shows that this process , where an ideal one-photon electromagnetically induced transparency is established , is not most suitable for high efficiency conversion .
+0	We propose a novel covariance smoothing method and associated software based on penalized spline smoothing .	The proposed method is a bivariate smoother that is designed for covariance smoothing and can be used for sparse functional or longitudinal data .	We propose a fast algorithm for covariance smoothing using leave-one-subject-out cross validation .	Our simulations demonstrate that the proposed method compares favorably against several commonly used methods .	The method is applied to a study of child growth led by one of coauthors and to a public dataset of longitudinal CD4 counts .
+2	\cite { HSt } and \cite { HS } ) .	Let $ ( R , \mathfrak m ) $ denote an $ n $ -dimensional complete local Gorenstein ring .	For an ideal $ I $ of $ R $ let $ H^i_I ( R ) , i \in \mathbb Z , $ denote the local cohomology modules of $ R $ with respect to $ I. $ If $ H^i_I ( R ) = 0 $ for all $ i \not= c = \height I , $ then the endomorphism ring of $ H^c_I ( R ) $ is isomorphic to $ R $ ( cf .	Here we prove that this is true if and only if $ H^i_I ( R ) = 0 , i = n , n -1 $ provided $ c \geq 2 $ and $ R/I $ has an isolated singularity resp .	if $ I $ is set-theoretically a complete intersection in codimension at most one .
+3	We show that the position of an atom along this standing wave is determined when probe field absorption is measured .	We propose a scheme for subwavelength localization of an atom conditioned upon the absorption of a weak probe field at a particular frequency .	Manipulating atom-field interaction on a certain transition by applying drive fields on nearby coupled transitions leads to interesting effects in the absorption spectrum of the weak probe field .	We exploit this fact and employ a four-level system with three driving fields and a weak probe field , where one of the drive fields is a standing-wave field of a cavity .	We find that absorption of the weak probe field at a certain frequency leads to subwavelength localization of the atom in either of the two half-wavelength regions of the cavity field by appropriate choice of the system parameters .
+0	We compute the 4D low energy effective gauge coupling at one-loop order in the compact Randall-Sundrum scenario with bulk gauge fields and charged matter , within controlled approximations .	While such computations are subtle , they can be important for studying phenomenological issues such as grand unification .	Ultraviolet divergences are cut-off using Pauli-Villars regularization so as to respect 5D gauge and general coordinate invariance .	The structure of these divergences on branes and in the bulk is elucidated by a 5D position-space analysis .	The remaining finite contributions are obtained by a careful analysis of the Kaluza-Klein spectrum .
+2	A number of these features is discussed in combination with examples .	Version 3 of FORM is introduced .	It contains many new features that are inspired by current developments in the methodology of computations in quantum field theory .	In addition the distribution contains a number of general purpose packages .	These are described shortly .
+4	They reveal that in the pulled regime the front speed is basically determined by the shape of the map around the unstable fixed point , while its chaotic or noisy features play a marginal role .	We study the front propagation in Reaction-Diffusion systems whose reaction dynamics exhibits an unstable fixed point and chaotic or noisy behaviour .	We have examined the influence of chaos and noise on the front propagation speed and on the wandering of the front around its average position .	Assuming that the reaction term acts periodically in an impulsive way , the dynamical evolution of the system can be written as the convolution between a spatial propagator and a discrete-time map acting locally .	This approach allows us to perform accurate numerical analysis .
+1	Temperatures ( T_ { [ OIII ] } and T_ { [ NII ] } ) have been determined from both the I ( [ OIII ] \lambda4363 ) /I ( [ OIII ] \lambda5007 ) and I ( [ NII ] \lambda5755 ) /I [ NII ] \lambda6583 ) ratios .	We report measurements of the electron temperature at about a dozen locations in the extended emission-line regions of five active ( Seyfert and radio ) galaxies .	T_ { [ OIII ] } lies in the range ( 1.0 -- 1.7 ) \times 10^ { 4 } K. We find a strong trend for T_ { [ OIII ] } to be higher than T_ { [ NII ] } , with the difference typically being \approx 5,000K .	Because the critical density for collisional de-excitation of the ^ { 1 } D { _2 } level in NII is lower than that of the same level in OIII , the deviations of the measured intensity ratios from those expected for T_ { [ OIII ] } = T_ { [ NII ] } in the low density limit are unlikely to result from collisional de-excitation .	The measured values of T_ { [ OIII ] } and the differences between T_ { [ OIII ] } and T_ { [ NII ] } are very similar to those found in Galactic planetary nebulae .
+4	We find no indications of non-standard-model phenomena .	We present a signature-based search for anomalous production of events containing a photon , two jets , of which at least one is identified as originating from a b quark , and missing transverse energy .	The search uses data corresponding to 2.0/fb of integrated luminosity from p-pbar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt ( s ) =1.96 TeV , collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron .	From 6,697,466 events with a photon candidate with transverse energy ET & gt ; 25 GeV , we find 617 events with missing transverse energy & gt ; 25 GeV and two or more jets with ET & gt ; 15 GeV , at least one identified as originating from a b quark , versus an expectation of 607+- 113 events .	Increasing the requirement on missing transverse energy to 50 GeV , we find 28 events versus an expectation of 30+-11 events .
+0	Partially motivated by the desire to better understand the connectivity phase transition in fractal percolation , we introduce and study a class of continuum fractal percolation models in dimension d greater than or equal to 2 .	These include a scale invariant version of the classical ( Poisson ) Boolean model of stochastic geometry and ( for d=2 ) the Brownian loop soup introduced by Lawler and Werner .	The models lead to random fractal sets whose connectivity properties depend on a parameter lambda .	In this paper we mainly study the transition between a phase where the random fractal sets are totally disconnected and a phase where they contain connected components larger than one point .	In particular , we show that there are connected components larger than one point at the unique value of lambda that separates the two phases ( called the critical point ) .
+3	The biaxiality is observed in the intermediate stages of irradiation , whereas the uniaxial structure is maintained in the photosaturated state .	The photoinduced 3D orientational structures in the films of liquid crystalline polyester , containing azobenzene side groups , are studied both experimentally and theoretically .	By using the null ellipsometry and the UV absorption methods , preferential in-plane alignment of the azobenzene fragments and in-plane reorientation under irradiation with polarized UV light are established .	The uniaxial and biaxial orientational configurations of the azobenzene chromophores are detected .	The components of the order parameter tensor of the azobenzene fragments are estimated for the initial state and after different doses of irradiation .
+4	The outburst characteristics make NSV 10934 a twin of recently discovered intermediate polar ( HT Cam ) with dwarf nova-type outbursts .	We report on a discovery of unexpected activities in two X-ray bright dwarf novae .	GZ Cnc showed an anomalous clustering of outbursts in 2002 , in contrast to a low outburst frequency in the past record .	The activity resembles an increased activity seen in some intermediate polars or candidates .	We identified NSV 10934 , X-ray selected high-amplitude variable star , as a dwarf nova with unusually rapid decline .
+2	We have also presented the N-S and E-W asymmetry of different intensity classes ( B , C , M , and X ) during the period of investigation .	This paper presents a statistical analysis of Soft X-ray ( SXR ) flares during the period January 1976 to December 2007 covering solar cycles ( SCs ) 21 , 22 , and 23 .	We have analysed north-south ( N-S ) and east-west ( E-W ) asymmetry of SXR at low ( less than equal to 40 degree ) , high ( greater than equal to 50 degree ) and total latitudes and center meridian distances ( CMDs ) respectively .	A slight southern and eastern excess is found after analysis during SC 21 , 22 , and 23 .	We found that the annual N-S and E-W hemispheric asymmetry at low latitudes and CMDs is the same as total latitudes and CMDs respectively .
+2	Carolinae 46 ( 2005 ) , 105-123 .	For a non-compact metrizable space $ X $ , let $ { \mathcal E } ( X ) $ be the set of all one-point metrizable extensions of $ X $ , and when $ X $ is locally compact , let $ { \mathcal E } _K ( X ) $ denote the set of all locally compact elements of $ { \mathcal E } ( X ) $ and $ \lambda : { \mathcal E } ( X ) \rightarrow { \mathcal Z } ( \beta X\backslash X ) $ be the order-anti-isomorphism ( onto its image ) defined in : [ HJW ] M. Henriksen , L. Janos and R.G .	Woods , Properties of one-point completions of a non-compact metrizable space , Comment.Math.Univ .	By definition $ \lambda ( Y ) = \bigcap_ { n & lt ; \omega } cl_ { \beta X } ( U_n\cap X ) \backslash X $ , where $ Y=X\cup\ { p\ } \in { \mathcal E } ( X ) $ and $ \ { U_n\ } _ { n & lt ; \omega } $ is an open base at $ p $ in $ Y $ .	Answering the question of [ HJW ] , we characterize the elements of the image of $ \lambda $ as exactly those non-empty zero-sets of $ \beta X $ which miss $ X $ , and the elements of the image of $ { \mathcal E } _K ( X ) $ under $ \lambda $ , as those which are moreover clopen in $ \beta X\backslash X $ .
+2	After exhaustively enumerating the Liouville pathways associated to each peak in the 2D-ES , we argue that by judiciously combining the information from a series of experiments varying the polarization and frequency components of the pulses , detailed information at the amplitude level about the input and output quantum states at the waiting time can be obtained .	Is it possible to infer the time evolving quantum state of a multichromophoric system from a sequence of two-dimensional electronic spectra ( 2D-ES ) as a function of waiting time ?	Here we provide a positive answer for a tractable model system : a coupled dimer .	This possibility yields a quantum process tomography ( QPT ) of the single-exciton manifold , which completely characterizes the open quantum system dynamics through the reconstruction of the process matrix .	This is the first of a series of two articles .
+3	Then we obtain a ( 2k+1 ) -ary product on the space of cubic matrices .	We define a ternary product and more generally a ( 2k+1 ) -ary product on the vector space T^p_q ( E ) of tensors of type ( p , q ) that is contravariant of order p , covariant of order q and total order ( p+q ) .	This product is totally associative up to a permutation s_k of order k ( we call this property a s_k-totally associativity ) .	When p=2 and q=1 , we obtain a ( 2k+1 ) -ary product on the space of bilinear maps on E with values on E , which is identified to the cubic matrices .	If we call a l-matrix a square tableau with lx ... xl entrances ( if l=3 we have the cubic matrices and we speak about hypercubic matrices as soon as l & gt ; 3 ) , then the ( 2k+1 ) -ary product on T^p_q ( E ) gives a ( 2k+1 ) -product on the space of ( p+q ) -matrices .
+3	We found that graphene with symmetrical GBs typically has zero band gap even with large uniaxial and biaxial strain .	Lacking a band gap largely limits the application of graphene in electronic devices .	Previous study shows that grain boundaries ( GBs ) in polycrystalline graphene can dramatically alter the electrical properties of graphene .	Here , we investigate the band structure of polycrystalline graphene tuned by externally imposed strains and intrinsic mismatch strains at the GB by density functional theory ( DFT ) calculations .	However , some particular asymmetrical GBs can open a band gap in graphene and their band structures can be substantially tuned by external strains .
+4	One may then ask the rate at which the Favard length - the average over all directions of the length of the orthogonal projection onto a line in that direction - of these sets $ \G_n $ decays to zero as a function of $ n $ .	In this paper we get an estimate of Favard length of an arbitrary neighbourhood of an arbitrary self-similar Cantor set .	Consider $ L $ closed disjoint discs of radius $ 1/L $ inside the unit disc .	By using linear maps of smaller disc onto the unit disc we can generate a self-similar Cantor set $ G $ .	Then $ \G=\bigcap_n\G_n $ .
+1	We accept the Kirchhoff hypotheses and assume that the stiffness and damping coefficients are $ C^1 $ functions of the $ L_2 $ -norm of the gradient of the displacement .	We study well-posedness and long-time dynamics of a class of quasilinear wave equations with a strong damping .	We first prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions and study their properties for a rather wide class of nonlinearities which covers the case of possible degeneration ( or even negativity ) of the stiffness coefficient and the case of a supercritical source term .	Our main results deal with global attractors .	In the case of strictly positive stiffness factors we prove that in the natural energy space endowed with a partially strong topology there exists a global attractor whose fractal dimension is finite .
+3	Furthermore , we provide an alternative description of the low-energy properties using a renormalized perturbation theory ( RPT ) .	In this report , we describe a recent development in a Fermi liquid theory for the Kondo effect in quantum dots under a finite bias voltage $ V $ .	Applying the microscopic theory of Yamada and Yosida to a nonequilibrium steady state , we derive the Ward identities for the Keldysh Green 's function , and determine the low-energy behavior of the differential conductance $ dI/dV $ exactly up to terms of order $ ( eV ) ^2 $ for the symmetric Anderson model .	These results are deduced from the fact that the Green 's function at the impurity site is a functional of a nonequilibrium distribution $ f_ { \text { eff } } ( \omega ) $ , which at $ eV=0 $ coincides with the Fermi function .	In the nonequilibrium state the unperturbed part of the RPT is determined by the renormalized free quasiparticles , the distribution function of which is given by $ f_ { \text { eff } } ( \omega ) $ .
+2	The behavior of observed dust aggregates is analyzed both by studying the particle trajectories and by employing computer models examining 3D structures of aggregates and their interactions and rotations as induced by torques arising from their dipole moments .	Understanding the agglomeration of dust particles in complex plasmas requires a knowledge of the basic properties such as the net electrostatic charge and dipole moment of the dust .	In this study , dust aggregates are formed from gold coated mono-disperse spherical melamine-formaldehyde monomers in a radio-frequency ( rf ) argon discharge plasma .	These allow the basic characteristics of the dust aggregates , such as the electrostatic charge and dipole moment , to be determined .	It is shown that the experimental results support the predicted values from computer models for aggregates in these environments .
+1	This effect is related to the gyrotropic properties of the structures .	We report on the observation of the magneto-photogalvanic effect ( MPGE ) due to inter-subband transitions in ( 001 ) -oriented GaAs quantum wells .	It is shown that inter-subband absorption of linearly polarized radiation may lead to spin-related as well as spin independent photocurrents if an external magnetic field is applied in the plane of the quantum well .	The experimental results are analyzed in terms of the phenomenological theory and microscopic models of MPGE based on either asymmetric optical excitation or asymmetric relaxation of carriers in k-space .	We observed resonant photocurrents not only at oblique incidence of radiation but also at normal incidence demonstrating that conventionally applied selection rules for the inter-subband optical transitions are not rigorous .
+0	This paper introduces a new method for proving global stability of fluid flows through the construction of Lyapunov functionals .	For finite dimensional approximations of fluid systems , we show how one can exploit recently developed optimization methods based on sum-of-squares decomposition to construct a polynomial Lyapunov function .	We then show how these methods can be extended to infinite dimensional Navier-Stokes systems using robust optimization techniques .	Crucially , this extension requires only the solution of infinite-dimensional linear eigenvalue problems and finite-dimensional sum-of-squares optimization problems .	We further show that subject to minor technical constraints , a general polynomial Lyapunov function is always guaranteed to provide better results than the classical energy methods in determining a lower-bound on the maximum Reynolds number for which a flow is globally stable , if the flow does remain globally stable for Reynolds numbers at least slightly beyond the energy stability limit .
+1	High-resolution data provided by millimetre interferometers are now adding to the basic understanding that has been provided by single-dish telescopes .	We review recent observations of molecular gas in nearby galaxies and their implications for the star formation law on large ( & gt ; 1 kpc ) scales .	In particular , they confirm the good correlation between star formation rate ( SFR ) and molecular gas surface densities , while at the same time revealing a greater degree of heterogeneity in the CO distribution .	Galaxies classified as SAB or SB tend to show radial CO profiles that peak sharply in the inner ~20 arcsec , indicative of bar-driven inflow .	The observed Schmidt law index of ~1.5 may result from a nearly linear relation between SFR and H_2 mass coupled with a modest dependence of the molecular gas fraction on the total gas density .
+3	We consider additive preferences and lexicographic preferences as two means of extending preferences over individual courses to preferences over bundles of courses .	We consider the problem of allocating applicants to courses , where each applicant has a subset of acceptable courses that she ranks in strict order of preference .	Each applicant and course has a capacity , indicating the maximum number of courses and applicants they can be assigned to , respectively .	We thus essentially have a many-to-many bipartite matching problem with one-sided preferences , which has applications to the assignment of students to optional courses at a university .	We additionally focus on the case that courses have prerequisite constraints : we will mainly treat these constraints as compulsory , but we also allow alternative prerequisites .
+4	By representing behaviours with vectors , we can store data computed for humans and then evaluate as many agents as needed without further need of humans .	Classic evaluation methods of believable agents are time-consuming because they involve many human to judge agents .	They are well suited to validate work on new believable behaviours models .	However , during the implementation , numerous experiments can help to improve agents ' believability .	We propose a method which aim at assessing how much an agent 's behaviour looks like humans ' behaviours .
+1	These are constructed from a model space containing determinants with energy relative to that of the most stable determinant no greater than $ \Lambda $ .	A method is suggested to build simple multiconfigurational wave functions specified uniquely by an energy cutoff $ \Lambda $ .	The resulting $ \Lambda $ -CI wave function is adaptive , being able to represent both single-reference and multireference electronic states .	We also consider a more compact wave function parameterization ( $ \Lambda $ +SD-CI ) , which is based on a small $ \Lambda $ -CI reference and adds a selection of all the singly and doubly excited determinants generated from it .	We report two heuristic algorithms to build $ \Lambda $ -CI wave functions .
+4	The analysis is based on extending to the continuous limit , and appropriately modifying , the method of interfering partial spectra .	We study resonant response of an underdamped nanomechanical resonator with fluctuating frequency .	The fluctuations are due to diffusion of molecules or microparticles along the resonator .	They lead to broadening and change of shape of the oscillator spectrum .	The spectrum is found for the diffusion confined to a small part of the resonator and where it occurs along the whole nanobeam .
+2	In this paper we give an alternative proof of decidability , which follows the basic strategy of Harju and Karhumaki but replaces their use of group theory with results on matrix algebras .	The decidability of determining equivalence of deterministic multitape automata ( or transducers ) was a longstanding open problem until it was resolved by Harju and Karhum\ '' { a } ki in the early 1990s .	Their proof of decidability yields a co_NP upper bound , but apparently not much more is known about the complexity of the problem .	From our proof we obtain a simple randomised algorithm for deciding language equivalence of deterministic multitape automata and , more generally , multiplicity equivalence of nondeterministic multitape automata .	The algorithm involves only matrix exponentiation and runs in polynomial time for each fixed number of tapes .
+3	The result applies to the time-dependent ( non-autonomous ) Kato class .	We prove that the definitions of the Kato class by the semigroup and by the resolvent of the L\ ' { e } vy process on $ \mathbb { R } ^d $ coincide if and only if 0 is not regular for { 0 } .	If 0 is regular for { 0 } then we describe both classes in detail .	We also give an analytic reformulation of these results by means of the characteristic ( L\ ' { e } vy-Khintchine ) exponent of the process .	As one of the consequences we obtain a simultaneous time-space smallness condition equivalent to the Kato class condition given by the semigroup .
+2	These excitations disappear above the critical temperature , and above the critical magnetic field .	We report a detailed spectroscopic study of the electron doped cuprate superconductor Pr ( 2-x ) Ce ( x ) CuO ( 4- { \delta } ) using point contact junctions for x=0.125 ( underdoped ) , x=0.15 ( optimally doped ) and x=0.17 ( overdoped ) .	From our conductance measurements we are able to identify bosonic resonances for each doping .	We find that the energy of the bosonic excitations decreases with doping , which excludes lattice vibrations as the paring glue .	We conclude that the bosonic mediator for these cuprates is more likely to be spin excitations .
+2	These two sets of constraints are equivalent and represent the dual nature of the harmonic gauge .	We study accelerating relativistic reference frames in Minkowski space-time under the harmonic gauge .	It is well-known that the harmonic gauge imposes constraints on the components of the metric tensor and also on the functional form of admissible coordinate transformations .	We explore this duality and show that the harmonic gauge allows presenting an accelerated metric in an elegant form that depends only on two harmonic potentials .	It also allows reconstruction of the spatial structure of the post-Galilean coordinate transformation functions relating inertial and accelerating frames .
+0	This paper presents an implementation of interning of ground terms in the XSB Tabled Prolog system .	This is related to the idea of hash-consing .	I describe the concept of interning atoms and discuss the issues around interning ground structured terms , motivating why tabling Prolog systems may change the cost-benefit tradeoffs from those of traditional Prolog systems .	I describe the details of the implementation of interning ground terms in the XSB Tabled Prolog System and show some of its performance properties .	This implementation achieves the effects of that of Zhou and Have but is tuned for XSB 's representations and is arguably simpler .
+0	We present the ultraviolet ( UV ) luminosity function of galaxies from the GALEX Medium Imaging Survey with measured spectroscopic redshifts from the first data release of the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey .	This sample selects galaxies with high star formation rates : at 0.6 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.9 the median star formation rate is at the upper 95th percentile of optically-selected ( r & lt ; 22.5 ) galaxies and the sample contains about 50 per cent of all NUV & lt ; 22.8 , 0.6 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.9 starburst galaxies within the volume sampled .	The most luminous galaxies in our sample ( -21.0 & gt ; M_NUV & gt ; -22.5 ) evolve very rapidly with a number density declining as ( 1+z ) ^ { 5\pm 1 } from redshift z = 0.9 to z = 0.6 .	These starburst galaxies ( M_NUV & lt ; -21 is approximately a star formation rate of 30 \msuny ) contribute about 1 per cent of cosmic star formation over the redshift range z=0.6 to z=0.9 .	The star formation rate density of these very luminous galaxies evolves rapidly , as ( 1+z ) ^ { 4\pm 1 } .
+0	We investigate the propagation of the scalar waves in the Witten space-time called `` bubble of nothing '' and in its remarkable sub-manifold , the lorentzian Hawking wormhole .	Due to the global hyperbolicity , the global Cauchy problem is well-posed in the fonctional framework associated with the energy .	We perform a complete spectral analysis that allows to get an explicit form of the solutions in terms of special functions .	When the effective mass is non zero , the profile of the waves is asymptotically almost periodic in time .	In opposite , the massless case is dispersive .
+4	The application of abundance corrections may often be an acceptable alternative to a detailed fitting of individual line profiles based on hydrodynamical simulations .	In an effort to estimate the largely unknown effects of photospheric temperature fluctuations on spectroscopic abundance determinations , we have studied the problem of LTE line formation in the inhomogeneous solar photosphere based on detailed 2-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the convective surface layers of the Sun .	By means of a strictly differential 1D/2D comparison of the emergent equivalent widths , we have derived `` granulation abundance corrections '' for individual lines , which have to be applied to standard abundance determinations based on homogeneous 1D model atmospheres in order to correct for the influence of the photospheric temperature fluctuations .	In general , we find a line strengthening in the presence of temperature inhomogeneities as a consequence of the non-linear temperature dependence of the line opacity .	For many lines of practical relevance , the magnitude of the abundance correction may be estimated from interpolation in the tables and graphs provided with this paper .
+0	A high pumping speed is required in neutral beam injectors to minimise re-ionisation of the neutral beams .	The neutral beam injectors on MAST use titanium sublimation pumps .	These pumps do not have a constant pumping speed ; their pumping speed depends on the gettering surface history and on both the integrated and applied gas load .	In this paper we report a method of maintaining a constant pumping speed , through different evaporation schemes , suitable for operations of the MAST beamline for both short and relatively long beam pulses by measurement of the pressure in the beamline .	In addition the MCNP code is then used to calculate the gas profile in the beamline by adjusting the input pumping speed to match the measured pressure .
+3	We show that if a coloring of a digraph is not synchronizing , then the stationary distribution of an associated Markov chain has a partition of coordinates into blocks of equal sum .	A coloring of a digraph with a fixed out-degree k is a distribution of k labels over the edges resulting in a deterministic finite automaton .	An automaton is called synchronizing if there exists a word which sends all states of the automaton to a single state .	In the present paper we study connections between spectral and synchronizing properties of digraphs .	Moreover , if there exists such a partition , then there exists a non-synchronizing automaton with such stationary distribution .
+3	This paper substituted two new operators instead of ALM original ones ; which consequently renewed finding membership functions in a way superior to conventional ALM .	Active Learning Method ( ALM ) is a soft computing method which is used for modeling and control , based on fuzzy logic .	Although ALM has shown that it acts well in dynamic environments , its operators can not support it very well in complex situations due to losing data .	Thus ALM can find better membership functions if more appropriate operators be chosen for it .	This new method is called Extended Active Learning Method ( EALM ) .
+0	We study higher-order conservation laws of the non-linearizable elliptic Poisson equation $ \frac { { \partial } ^2 u } { \partial z \partial \bar { z } } = -f ( u ) $ as elements of the characteristic cohomology of the associated exterior differential system .	The theory of characteristic cohomology determines a normal form for differentiated conservation laws by realizing them as elements of the kernel of a linear differential operator .	The S^1 -- symmetry of the PDE leads to a normal form for the undifferentiated conservation law as well .	We show that for higher-order conservation laws to exist , it is necessary that $ f $ satisfies a linear second order ODE .	In this case , an at most real two -- dimensional space of new conservation laws in normal form appears at each even prolongation .
+1	There were many effort went on for developing a Bangla OCR .	Developing a Bangla OCR requires bunch of algorithm and methods .	But all of them failed to provide an error free Bangla OCR .	Each of them has some lacking .	We discussed about the problem scope of currently existing Bangla OCR 's .
+1	We focus on the case where the size of each data record is large and hence only the download cost ( but not the upload cost for transmitting retrieval queries ) is of interest .	Private information retrieval scheme for coded data storage is considered in this paper .	We prove that the tradeoff between storage cost and retrieval/download cost depends on the number of data records in the system .	We also propose a fairly general class of linear storage codes and retrieval schemes and derive conditions under which our retrieval schemes are error-free and private .	Tradeoffs between the storage cost and retrieval costs are also obtained .
+1	We prove that when the neurons are oscillatory , at least one rotating wave always exists .	We study rotating waves in the Theta model for a ring of synaptically-interacting neurons .	In the case of excitable neurons , we prove that no travelling waves exist when the synaptic coupling is weak , and at least two rotating waves , a `fast ' one and a `slow ' one , exist when the synaptic coupling is sufficiently strong .	We derive explicit upper and lower bounds for the `critical ' coupling strength as well as for wave velocities .	We also study the special case of uniform coupling , in which complete analytical results on the rotating waves can be achieved .
+0	We consider a multi-way relay network with an orthogonal uplink and correlated sources , and we characterise reliable communication ( in the usual Shannon sense ) with a single-letter expression .	The characterisation is obtained using a joint source-channel random-coding argument , which is based on a combination of Wyner et al .	's `` Cascaded Slepian-Wolf Source Coding '' and Tuncel 's `` Slepian-Wolf Coding over Broadcast Channels '' .	We prove a separation theorem for the special case of two nodes ; that is , we show that a modular code architecture with separate source and channel coding functions is ( asymptotically ) optimal .	Finally , we propose a practical coding scheme based on low-density parity-check codes , and we analyse its performance using multi-edge density evolution .
+2	We prove that the class of such groups is recursively enumerable .	We establish { \em { virtual surjection to pairs } } ( VSP ) as a general criterion for the finite presentability of subdirect products of groups : if $ \Gamma_1 , ... , \Gamma_n $ are finitely presented and $ S & lt ; \Gamma_1\times ... \times\Gamma_n $ projects to a subgroup of finite index in each $ \Gamma_i\times\Gamma_j $ , then $ S $ is finitely presentable , indeed there is an algorithm that will construct a finite presentation for $ S $ .	We use the VSP criterion to characterise the finitely presented residually free groups .	We describe an algorithm that , given a finite presentation of a residually free group , constructs a canonical embedding into a direct product of finitely many limit groups .	We solve the ( multiple ) conjugacy problem and membership problem for finitely presentable subgroups of residually free groups .
+0	The concept of a nested canalizing Boolean function has been studied over the course of the last decade in the context of understanding the regulatory logic of molecular interaction networks , such as gene regulatory networks .	Such functions appear preferentially in published models of such networks .	Recently , this concept has been generalized to include multi-state functions , and a recursive formula has been derived for their number , as a function of the number of variables .	This paper carries out a detailed analysis of the class of nested canalizing functions over an arbitrary finite field .	Furthermore , the paper generalizes the concept further , and derives a closed formula for the number of such generalized functions .
+1	The bolometric luminosities of these stars fall close to an extrapolation of the period-luminosity relation derived for oxygen-rich Mira variables , with both oxygen- and carbon-rich stars falling close to the same relation .	The luminosities and periods of obscured AGB stars in the LMC are discussed using a combination of ISO and ground-based infrared photometry .	It has been known for many years that there are , in the Magellanic Clouds , significant numbers of large amplitude variables which have considerably higher luminosities than the period-luminosity relation would predict .	Many of these can be shown to be undergoing hot bottom burning .	It is speculated that all large amplitude AGB stars with luminosities significantly higher than indicated by the period-luminosity relation are undergoing hot bottom burning .
+0	It has been shown recently that Bose Gase with weak pair ( enough well ) interaction is non ergodic system .	But Bose Gase with weak pair interaction is so general system that it is evident that the majority of statistical mechanics systems are non ergodic too .	It is also has been shown that it is possible to generalize the scheme of standard statistical mechanics and thermodynamics to take into account non ergodicity .	This generalization is called a generalized thermodynamics .	In some points this generalized thermodynamics coincide with standard equilibrium thermodynamics but some new specific results take place .
+2	The resistance R increases as temperature decreases from 300 K down to 0.3 K for both composites .	Semiconductor quantum wires constitute a promising thermoelectric material because of the increase of the electronic density of states in low-dimensional materials .	We studied the magnetic-field-dependent resistance and Seebeck coefficient of a high-density network of 6-nm-diameter wires of Bi and of Bi ( 1-x ) Te ( x ) , x=0.0014 , in porous Vycor glass .	However , in contrast to recent results that demonstrate the semiconducting behavior of the resistance and very large enhancements of the thermoelectric power of composites containing Bi nanowires with diameters of 9 and 15 nm , we find that the resistance is not thermally activated and that the thermoelectric power of the composites is of the same order of magnitude as the thermoelectric power of bulk Bi .	Our results are consistent with the nanowires having carrier density that is enhanced by surface effects .
+4	We discuss whether this possible merger-induced enhancement in the number of star-forming and post-star-forming cluster galaxies is consistent with the observed evolution of galaxies in merging clusters .	We propose that synchronized triggering of star formation in gas-rich galaxies is possible during major mergers of cluster of galaxies , based on new numerical simulations of the time evolution of the physical properties of the intracluster medium ( ICM ) during such a merger event .	Our numerical simulations show that the external pressure of the ICM in which cluster member galaxies are embedded , can increase significantly during cluster merging .	As such , efficient star formation can be triggered in gas-rich members as a result of the strong compression of their cold gas by the increased pressure .	We also suggest that these star-forming galaxies can subsequently be transformed into poststarburst galaxies , with their spatial distribution within the cluster being different to the rest of its population .
+2	We have developed an efficient technique for searching the entire sky for short duration bursts of TeV photons .	The Milagrito water Cherenkov telescope operated for over a year .	The most probable gamma-ray energy was ~1 TeV and the trigger rate was as high as 400 Hz .	Such bursts may result from `` traditional '' gamma-ray bursts that were not in the field-of-view of any other instruments , the evaporation of primordial black holes , or some as yet undiscovered phenomenon .	We have begun to search the Milagrito data set for bursts of duration 10 seconds .
+0	We study particle creation in the presence of bulk viscosity of cosmic fluid in the early universe within the framework of open thermodynamical systems .	Since the first-order theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics is non-causal and unstable , we try to solve the bulk viscosity equation of the cosmic fluid with particle creation through the full causal theory .	By adopting an appropriate function for particle creation rate of `` Creation of Cold Dark Matter '' model , we obtain analytical solutions which do not suffer from the initial singularity and are in agreement with equivalent solutions of Lambda-CDM model .	We constrain the free parameter of particle creation in our model based on recent Planck data .	It is also found that the inflationary solution is driven by bulk viscosity with or without particle creation .
+1	Typical analyses of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations focus on properties such as the weak order which estimates the asymptotic ( stepsize $ h \to 0 $ ) convergence behavior of the error of finite time averages .	This article addresses the weak convergence of numerical methods for Brownian dynamics .	Recently it has been demonstrated , by study of Fokker-Planck operators , that a non-Markovian numerical method [ Leimkuhler and Matthews , 2013 ; Leimkuhler et al. , 2013 ] generates approximations in the long time limit with higher accuracy order ( 2nd order ) than would be expected from its weak convergence analysis ( finite-time averages are 1st order accurate ) .	In this article we describe the transition from the transient to the steady-state regime of this numerical method by estimating the time-dependency of the coefficients in an asymptotic expansion for the weak error , demonstrating that the convergence to 2nd order is exponentially rapid in time .	Moreover , we provide numerical tests of the theory , including comparisons of the efficiencies of the Euler-Maruyama method , the popular 2nd order Heun method , and the non-Markovian method .
+1	AOD or Aerosol Optical Depth is an indirect measure of atmospheric aerosol loading by means of total extinction of incoming solar radiation due to scattering and absorption whereas \AA ngstr\ '' om exponent ( $ \alpha ) $ is used to get qualitative understanding of aerosol particle size .	Aerosol optical characteristics AOD and \AA ngstr\ '' om exponent is often used to asses environmental aerosol loading .	Analysis of long term time series AOD data reveals how AOD vis-\`a-vis aerosol on a particular place changes over time .	Similar study with \AA ngstr\ '' om exponent ( $ \alpha ) $ gives an idea how particle size distribution is changing over some area .	Such studies can not be conducted by data measured by ground based stations alone because they are inadequate in numbers on earth moreover such data for considerably long period are not available for most places .
+4	By this extension , the vacuum can become stable up to the Planck scale .	To solve the hierarchy problem of the Higgs mass , it may be suggested that there are no an intermediate scale up to the Planck scale except for the TeV scale .	For this motivation , we investigate possibilities of gauge coupling unification ( GCU ) at the Planck scale ( $ M_ { Pl } = 2.4 \times 10^ { 18 } \ , { \rm GeV } $ ) by adding extra particles with the TeV scale mass into the standard model .	We find that the GCU at the Planck scale can be realized by extra particles including some relevant scalars , while it can not be realized only by extra fermions with the same masses .	On the other hand , when extra fermions have different masses , the GCU can be realized around $ \sqrt { 8 \pi } M_ { Pl } $ .
+3	231:5685- 5704 , 2012 ) for the split fluxes .	We propose a low Mach number , Godunov-type finite volume scheme for the numerical solution of the compressible Euler equations of gas dynamics .	The scheme combines Klein 's non-stiff/stiff decomposition of the fluxes ( J. Comput.Phys .	121:213-237 , 1995 ) with an explicit/implicit time discretization ( Cordier et al. , J. Comput.Phys .	This results in a scalar second order partial differential equation ( PDE ) for the pressure , which we solve by an iterative approximation .
+0	We investigated the temporal behavior of the new black hole transient XTE J1650-500 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) as the source made a transition to the low/hard state during the decay of the 2001 outburst .	We find QPOs in the 4 - 9 Hz range , enhanced time lags and reduced coherence during the state transition .	We also observe a shift in the peak frequency of the noise component with energy during the transition .	The evolution of the power spectrum as well as the lag and coherence behavior during the state transition are similar to the state transitions observed for other black hole sources , especially Cyg X-1 .	The temporal properties during the transition to the low state put constraints on the accretion geometry of XTE J1650-500 and may have implications for all black hole binary systems .
+0	We present Hubble Space Telescope data of the low-reddening Sagittarius window in the Galactic bulge .	The Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search field ( 3'x3 ' ) , together with three more Advanced Camera for Surveys and eight Wide Field Camera 3 fields , were observed in the F606W and F814W filters , approximately every two weeks for two years , with the principal aim of detecting a hidden population of isolated black holes and neutron stars through astrometric microlensing .	Proper motions were measured with an accuracy of ~0.1 mas/yr ( ~4 km/s ) at F606W~25.5 mag , and better than ~0.5 mas/yr ( 20 km/s ) at F606W~28 mag , in both axes .	Proper-motion measurements allowed us to separate disk and bulge stars and obtain a clean bulge color-magnitude diagram .	We then identified for the first time a white dwarf ( WD ) cooling sequence in the Galactic bulge , together with a dozen candidate extreme horizontal branch stars .
+3	The low velocity component of the Pa-alpha emission is seen to be rotating , and is extended over about 2 kpc .	Near-infrared spectroscopy using the new Palomar Integral Field Spectrograph indicates the presence of an AGN ( active galactic nucleus ) in the ultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 08311-2459 .	The high-velocity wings of the Paschen-alpha hydrogen recombination line are seen to be spatially unresolved , and with no positional offset between red and blue high velocity emission .	The [ Si VI ] coronal line , with a 167 eV excitation potential , is also spatially unresolved with a velocity width comparable to that of the broad component of the Pa-alpha emission .	Molecular hydrogen is also extended , and elongated along the maximum velocity gradient , sharing the same rotation profile as the narrow Pa-alpha emission .
+2	Under boundedness assumptions on the coefficients , we show that the first component of the solution is Lipschitz in space and 1/2-H\ '' older in time with respect to the initial data of the forward process .	We consider the minimal super-solution of a backward stochastic differential equation with constraint on the gains-process .	The terminal condition is given by a function of the terminal value of a forward stochastic differential equation .	Its path is continuous before the time horizon at which its left-limit is given by a face-lifted version of its natural boundary condition .	This first component is actually equal to its own face-lift .
+1	Given a Bayesian network structure , many of the scoring functions derived in the literature return a score for the entire equivalence class to which the structure belongs .	Approaches to learning Bayesian networks from data typically combine a scoring function with a heuristic search procedure .	When using such a scoring function , it is appropriate for the heuristic search algorithm to search over equivalence classes of Bayesian networks as opposed to individual structures .	We present the general formulation of a search space for which the states of the search correspond to equivalence classes of structures .	Using this space , any one of a number of heuristic search algorithms can easily be applied .
+0	We study the ^ { 1 } S_ { 0 } proton pairing gap in neutron star matter putting emphasis on influence of the Dirac effective mass and the proton fraction on the gap within the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model .	The gap equation is solved using the Bonn-B potential as a particle-particle channel interaction .	It is found that the maximal pairing gap \Delta_ { max } is 1-2 MeV , which has a strong correlation with the Dirac effective mass .	Hence we suggest that it serves as a guide to narrow down parameter sets of the relativistic effective field theory .	Furthermore , the more slowly protons increase with density in the core region of neutron stars , the wider the superfluid range and the slightly lower the peak of the gap become .
+4	The performance of the method is investigated through its application to three numerical examples including two ODE problems with high-dimensional random inputs .	This work proposes a sampling-based ( non-intrusive ) approach within the context of low-rank separated representations to tackle the issue of curse-of-dimensionality associated with the solution of models , e.g. , PDEs/ODEs , with high-dimensional random inputs .	Under some conditions discussed in details , the number of random realizations of the solution , required for a successful approximation , grows linearly with respect to the number of random inputs .	The construction of the separated representation is achieved via a regularized alternating least-squares regression , together with an error indicator to estimate model parameters .	The computational complexity of such a construction is quadratic in the number of random inputs .
+4	In this paper we close one of the existing gaps .	The fluid model has proven to be one of the most effective tools for the analysis of stochastic queueing networks , specifically for the analysis of stability .	It is known that stability of a fluid model implies positive ( Harris ) recurrence ( stability ) of a corresponding stochastic queueing network , and weak stability implies rate stability of a corresponding stochastic network .	These results have been established both for cases of specific scheduling policies and for the class of all work conserving policies .	However , only partial converse results have been established and in certain cases converse statements do not hold .
+2	In this work , cosmological observables over the full ULA mass range are computed , and then used to search for evidence of ULAs using CMB data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) , Planck satellite , Atacama Cosmology Telescope , and South Pole Telescope , as well as galaxy clustering data from the WiggleZ galaxy-redshift survey .	Ultra-light axions ( ULAs ) with masses in the range 10^ { -33 } eV & lt ; m & lt ; 10^ { -20 } eV are motivated by string theory and might contribute to either the dark-matter or dark-energy density of the Universe .	ULAs could suppress the growth of structure on small scales , or lead to an enhanced integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect on large-scale cosmic microwave-background ( CMB ) anisotropies .	In the mass range 10^ { -32 } eV & lt ; m & lt ; 10^ { -25.5 } eV , the axion relic-density \Omega_ { a } ( relative to the total dark-matter relic density \Omega_ { d } ) must obey the constraints \Omega_ { a } /\Omega_ { d } & lt ; 0.05 and \Omega_ { a } h^ { 2 } & lt ; 0.006 at 95 % -confidence .	For m & gt ; 10^ { -24 } eV , ULAs are indistinguishable from standard cold dark matter on the length scales probed , and are thus allowed by these data .
+4	We show that the frequencies of monopole mode of the collective oscillations are significantly altered by the reduced dimensionality and also study the evolution of the frequencies as the system make transition from one regime to another .	We study the effect of lower dimensional geometry on the frequencies of the collective oscillations of a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a trap .	To study the effect of two dimensional geometry we consider a pancake-shaped condensate confined in a harmonic trap and employ various models for the coupling constant depending on the thickness of the condensate relative to the the value of the scattering length .	These models correspond to different scattering regimes ranging from quasi-three dimensional to strictly two dimensional regimes .	Using these models for the coupling parameter and sum rule approach of the many-body response theory we derive analytical expressions for the frequencies of the monopole and the quadrupole modes .
+4	In contrast , we numerically show that non-Abelian Ising anyons do not localise .	The quasi one-dimensional transport of Abelian and non-Abelian anyons is studied in the presence of a random topological background .	In particular , we consider the quantum walk of an anyon that braids around islands of randomly filled static anyons of the same type .	Two distinct behaviours are identified .	We analytically demonstrate that all types of Abelian anyons localise purely due to the statistical phases induced by their random anyonic environment .
+3	For ice particles with sharp edges and corners this method is an efficient and straightforward way of solving Laplace 's equation for the capacitance .	A new method of accurately calculating the capacitance of realistic ice particles is described : such values are key to accurate estimates of deposition and evaporation rates in NWP models .	The trajectories of diffusing water molecules are directly sampled , using random `walkers ' .	By counting how many of these trajectories intersect the surface of the ice particle ( which may be any shape ) and how many escape outside a spherical boundary far from the particle , the capacitance of a number of model ice particle habits have been estimated , including hexagonal columns and plates , `scalene ' columns and plates , bullets , bullet-rosettes , dendrites , and realistic aggregate snowflakes .	Provided that a large enough number of random walkers are used to sample the particle geometry the authors expect the calculated capacitances to be accurate to within ~1 % .
+3	Through a parameter study that varies the orbital inclination i , the PA { \theta } that the orbital plane projection of the line-of-sight makes with the apastron side of the semi-major axis , and the PA on the sky of the orbital axis , we are able , for the first time , to tightly constrain the absolute 3-D orientation of the binary orbit .	We present a three-dimensional ( 3-D ) dynamical model for the broad [ Fe III ] emission observed in Eta Carinae using the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph ( HST/STIS ) .	This model is based on full 3-D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics ( SPH ) simulations of Eta Car 's binary colliding winds .	Radiative transfer codes are used to generate synthetic spectro-images of [ Fe III ] emission line structures at various observed orbital phases and STIS slit position angles ( PAs ) .	To simultaneously reproduce the blue-shifted emission arcs observed at orbital phase 0.976 , STIS slit PA = +38 degrees , and the temporal variations in emission seen at negative slit PAs , the binary needs to have an i \approx 130 to 145 degrees , { \theta } \approx -15 to +30 degrees , and an orbital axis projected on the sky at a PA \approx 302 to 327 degrees east of north .
+3	We further compare the number of diagonal links in the symbolic creation story with a folk tale , which ostensibly narrates the same overt succession of events ( but without pretensions of encrypting additional meanings ) .	We extend the Microscopic Representation approach to the quantitative study of religious and folk stories : A story encrypting symbolically the creation is deconstructed into its simplest conceptual elements and their relationships .	We single out a particular kind of relationship which we call `` diagonal ( or transitive ) link '' : given 2 relations between the couples of elements AB and respectively BC , the `` diagonal link '' is the ( composite ) relation AC .	We find that the diagonal links are strongly and systematically correlated with the events in the story that are considered crucial by the experts .	We find that the density of diagonal links per word in the folk story is lower by a factor of 2 .
+4	Since second order corrections are rather small in the slow-roll limit , we could not choose a desired power-law model which explains the WMAP data .	We calculate the power spectrum , spectral index , and running spectral index for inflationary patch cosmology arisen from Gauss-Bonnet braneworld scenario using the Mukhanov equation .	This patch cosmology consists of Gauss-Bonnet ( GB ) , Randall-Sundrum ( RS-II ) , and four dimensional ( 4D ) cosmological models .	There exist several modifications in higher order calculations .	However , taking the power-law inflation by choosing different potentials depending on the model , there exist minor changes up to second order corrections .
+0	We investigate the parameter space of a supersymmetric model with an extended U ( 1 ) gauge symmetry in which the RH sneutrino is a thermal dark matter candidate .	In this scenario , annihilation of RH sneutrinos proceeds mainly through Higgs or Z ' exchange .	We find that sneutrinos in the mass range from 50GeV to more than 1 TeV can be consistent with both the WMAP limit and the direct detection upper limits .	Powerful constraints from new gauge boson searches at the LHC as well as from $ \Delta M_s $ are incorporated .	Depending on the choice of the U ( 1 ) charge , these scenarios will be further probe by direct dark matter searches as well as by Higgs searches at the LHC .
+3	In pure gravity the method is applied for the first time .	We use variational methods to calculate quasilocal energy quantum corrections .	A comparison with the effective potential calculated at quadratic order is made by means of gaussian wave functionals .	The method is a particular case of the effective action for composite operators used in quantum field theory .	Implications on the foam-like scenario are discussed .
+4	For oriented manifolds , we show that the $ L^1 $ Stokes ' property holds if and only if integration realizes a nondegenerate pairing between $ L^1 $ and $ L^\infty $ forms .	We prove some de Rham theorems on bounded subanalytic submanifolds of $ \R^n $ ( not necessarily compact ) .	We show that the $ L^1 $ cohomology of such a submanifold is isomorphic to its singular homology .	In the case where the closure of the underlying manifold has only isolated singularities this implies that the $ L^1 $ cohomology is Poincar\'e dual to $ L^\infty $ cohomology ( in dimension $ j & lt ; m-1 $ ) .	In general , Poincar\'e duality is related to the so-called $ L^1 $ Stokes ' Property .
+0	A Hopf texture is a vacuum field configuration of isovector fields which is an onto map from the space as a large three sphere to the vacuum manifold $ S^2 $ .	We construct a Hopf texture with spherically symmetric energy density and discuss the topological charge .	A Hopf texture collapses , and we study the collapse process numerically .	In our simulations , it is clear that a Hopf texture does not decay into a pair of monopoles .	We also argue that the probability of forming Hopf textures in random processes is very small compared to that of global monopoles .
+0	The isoscalar twist-two generalized parton distributions ( GPDs ) of the pion and the kaon are calculated in a Poincare covariant Bethe-Salpeter constituent quark model .	Results are presented for several values of the parameters xi and t. The results satisfy the form factor constraints and the polynomiality condition .	For the pion GPD , also the isospin symmetry constraint is fulfilled .	The influence of kinematical variables and model parameters on the support of the GPDs is investigated .	To this end , the strength parameters and quark masses of the constituent quark model are artificially varied .
+1	A summary is given here of some of the key developments over the past thirty years in the context of physics , from quantum mechanics to quantum field theory .	The aim of this paper is to give a basic overview of Deformation Quantization ( DQ ) to physicists .	Also , we discuss some of the conceptual advantages of DQ and how DQ may be related to algebraic quantum field theory .	Additionally , our previous results are summarized which includes the construction of the Fedosov star-product on dS/AdS .	One of the goals of these results was to verify that DQ gave the same results as previous analyses of these spaces .
+4	Namely we yield reasonable probabilistic upper estimates for these norms assuming certain bounds on the absolute values of two corner entries of the inverse .	We estimate the norms of standard Gaussian random Toeplitz and circulant matrices and their inverses , mostly by means of combining some basic techniques of linear algebra .	In the case of circulant matrices we obtain sharp probabilistic estimates , which show that these matrices are expected to be very well conditioned .	Our probabilistic estimates for the norms of standard Gaussian random Toeplitz matrices are within a factor of 1.4143 from those in the circulant case .	We also achieve partial progress in estimating the norms of Toeplitz inverses .
+4	No sources were found , resulting in a 90 % C.L .	Gamma-ray induced air showers are notable for their lack of muons , compared to hadronic showers .	Hence , air shower arrays with large underground muon detectors can select a sample greatly enriched in photon showers by rejecting showers containing muons .	IceCube is sensitive to muons with energies above ~500 GeV at the surface , which provides an efficient veto system for hadronic air showers with energies above 1 PeV .	One year of data from the 40-string IceCube configuration was used to perform a search for point sources and a Galactic diffuse signal .
+3	To model the dynamics of the drug efficacy we use an evolutive type assumption .	In this paper we consider the evolution of the HIV infection under a highly effective treatment based on a combination of RTI and/or PI drugs .	This is usually modelled with a set of ODEs where the drug efficacy is a constant .	In this paper we consider the treatment efficacy as a dynamic variable which evolves during the treatment .	The resulting set of ODEs are able to reproduce the typical pattern of the illness evolution under treatment : a period of remission , which can last several years , followed by a progressive recrudescence and a viral rebound .
+3	We provide results on the properties of supercatalysis and its relationship with catalysis .	We show that entanglement-assisted transformations of bipartite entangled states can be more efficient than catalysis [ D. Jonathan and M. B. Plenio , Phys.Rev.Lett .	83 , 3566 ( 1999 ) } , i.e. , given two incomparable bipartite states not only can the transformation be enabled by performing collective operations with an auxiliary entangled state , but the entanglement of the auxiliary state itself can be enhanced .	We refer to this phenomenon as supercatalysis .	In particular , we obtain a useful necessary and sufficient condition for catalysis , provide several sufficient conditions for supercatalysis and study the extent to which entanglement of the auxiliary state can be enhanced via supercatalysis .
+2	The numerical calculations , performed using both truncated Wigner and exact $ +P $ phase-space methods , include nonlinear and stochastic Raman effects , through coupling to phonons variables .	We investigate polarisation squeezing of ultrashort pulses in optical fibre , over a wide range of input energies and fibre lengths .	Comparisons are made between experimental data and quantum dynamical simulations , to find good quantitative agreement .	The simulations reveal that excess phase noise , such as from depolarising GAWBS , affects squeezing at low input energies , while Raman effects cause a marked deterioration of squeezing at higher energies and longer fibre lengths .	The optimum fibre length for maximum squeezing is also calculated .
+2	We present here first results from the SPLASH pilot region , which covers Galactic longitudes 334 to 344 degrees and latitudes of -2 to +2 degrees .	SPLASH ( the Southern Parkes Large-Area Survey in Hydroxyl ) is a sensitive , unbiased and fully-sampled survey of the Southern Galactic Plane and Galactic Centre in all four ground-state transitions of the hydroxyl ( OH ) radical .	The survey provides a deep census of 1612- , 1665- , 1667- and 1720-MHz OH absorption and emission from the Galactic ISM , and is also an unbiased search for maser sources in these transitions .	Diffuse OH is widely detected in all four transitions , with optical depths that are always small ( averaged over the Parkes beam ) , and with departures from LTE common even in the 1665- and 1667-MHz main lines .	To a 3 $ \sigma $ sensitivity of 30 mK , we find no evidence of OH envelopes extending beyond the CO-bright regions of molecular cloud complexes , and conclude that the similarity of the OH excitation temperature and the level of the continuum background is at least partly responsible for this .
+1	is best understood as a Darboux transformation .	The `` truncation procedure '' initiated by Weiss et al .	If it leads to the Lax pair of the PDE under study , the B\ '' acklund transformation follows by an elimination , thus proving the integrability .	We present the state of the art of this powerful technique .	The easy situations were all handled by the WTC one-family truncation and its homographically invariant version .
+3	Astronomy has entered the Big Data era .	Recent all-sky and large-area astronomical surveys and their catalogued data over the whole range of electromagnetic spectrum are reviewed , from Gamma-ray to radio , such as Fermi-GLAST and INTEGRAL in Gamma-ray , ROSAT , XMM and Chandra in X-ray , GALEX in UV , SDSS and several POSS I and II based catalogues ( APM , MAPS , USNO , GSC ) in optical range , 2MASS in NIR , WISE and AKARI IRC in MIR , IRAS and AKARI FIS in FIR , NVSS and FIRST in radio and many others , as well as most important surveys giving optical images ( DSS I and II , SDSS , etc .	) , proper motions ( Tycho , USNO , Gaia ) , variability ( GCVS , NSVS , ASAS , Catalina , Pan-STARRS ) and spectroscopic data ( FBS , SBS , Case , HQS , HES , SDSS , CALIFA , GAMA ) .	An overall understanding of the coverage along the whole wavelength range and comparisons between various surveys are given : galaxy redshift surveys , QSO/AGN , radio , Galactic structure , and Dark Energy surveys .	Astrophysical Virtual Observatories and Computational Astrophysics play an important role in using and analysis of big data for new discoveries .
+0	We show that a large-scale , weak magnetic field threading a turbulent accretion disk tends to be advected inward , contrary to previous suggestions that it will be stopped by outward diffusion .	The efficient inward transport is a consequence of the diffuse , magnetically-dominated surface layers of the disk , where the turbulence is suppressed and the conductivity is very high .	This structure arises naturally in three-dimensional simulations of magnetorotationally unstable disks , and we demonstrate here that it can easily support inward advection and compression of a weak field .	The advected field is anchored in the surface layer but penetrates the main body of the disk , where it can generate strong turbulence and produce values of alpha ( i.e. , the turbulent stress ) large enough to match observational constraints ; typical values of the vertical magnetic field merely need to reach a few percent of equipartition for this to occur .	Overall , these results have important implications for models of jet formation which require strong , large-scale magnetic fields to exist over a region of the inner accretion disk .
+2	The final Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program ( GSHAP ) results and the most recent version of Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe ( SHARE ) project maps , along with the reference hazard maps for the Italian seismic code , all obtained by probabilistic seismic hazard assessment ( PSHA ) , are cross-compared to the three ground shaking maps based on the duly physically and mathematically rooted neo-deterministic approach ( NDSHA ) .	Objective testing is a key issue in the process of revision and improvement of seismic hazard assessments .	Therefore we continue the rigorous comparative analysis of past and newly available hazard maps for the territory of Italy against the seismic activity observed in reality .	These eight hazard maps for Italy are tested against the available data on ground shaking .	The results of comparison between predicted macroseismic intensities and those reported for past earthquakes ( in the time interval from 1000 to 2014 year ) show that models provide rather conservative estimates , which tend to over-estimate seismic hazard at the ground shaking levels below the MCS intensity IX .
+3	Moreover , we solve the puzzle of when and why the interacting Green 's function does not unambiguously determine the underlying system , given in terms of its potential , or non-interacting Green 's function .	Many-body theory is largely based on self-consistent equations that are constructed in terms of the physical quantity of interest itself , for example the density .	Therefore , the calculation of important properties such as total energies or photoemission spectra requires the solution of non-linear equations that have unphysical and physical solutions .	In this work we show in which circumstances one runs into an unphysical solution , and we indicate how one can overcome this problem .	Our results are general since they originate from the fundamental structure of the equations .
+3	The coefficient systematic , for intermediate and high masses , is well described in terms of the symmetry coefficient values of a_a^V= ( 31.5-33.5 ) MeV for the volume coefficient and a_a^S= ( 9-12 ) MeV for the surface coefficient .	Energy in nuclear matter is , in practice , completely characterized at different densities and asymmetries , when the density dependencies of symmetry energy and of energy of symmetric matter are specified .	The density dependence of the symmetry energy at subnormal densities produces mass dependence of nuclear symmetry coefficient and , thus , can be constrained by that latter dependence .	We deduce values of the mass dependent symmetry coefficients , by using excitation energies to isobaric analog states .	These two further correspond to the parameter values describing density dependence of symmetry energy , of L~95 MeV and K_ { sym } ~25 MeV .
+2	We review the methods used to determine nova ejecta masses .	The total masses ejected during classical nova eruptions are needed to answer two questions with broad astrophysical implications : Can accreting white dwarfs be pushed towards the Chandrasekhar mass limit to yield type Ia supernovae ?	Are Ultra-luminous red variables a new kind of astrophysical phenomenon , or merely extreme classical novae ?	Except for the unique case of BT Mon ( nova 1939 ) , all nova ejecta mass determinations depend on untested assumptions and multi-parameter modeling .	The remarkably simple assumption of equipartition between kinetic and radiated energy ( E_kin and E_rad , respectively ) in nova ejecta has been invoked as a way around this conundrum for the ultra-luminous red variable in M31 .
+3	I illustrate how to calculate the stream 's average location ( its `` track '' ' ) in different coordinate systems , how to quickly estimate the dispersion around its track , and how to draw mock stream data .	I present a new framework for modeling the dynamics of tidal streams .	The framework consists of simple models for the initial action-angle distribution of tidal debris , which can be straightforwardly evolved forward in time .	Taking advantage of the essentially one-dimensional nature of tidal streams , the transformation to position-velocity coordinates can be linearized and interpolated near a small number of points along the stream , thus allowing for efficient computations of a stream 's properties in observable quantities .	As a generative model , this framework allows one to compute the full probability distribution function and marginalize over or condition it on certain phase-space dimensions as well as convolve it with observational uncertainties .
+1	The theory is based on a theory of the architecture and function of developmental control networks which guide the formation of multicellular organisms .	We present a general computational theory of cancer and its developmental dynamics .	Cancer networks are special cases of developmental control networks .	Cancer results from transformations of normal developmental networks .	Our theory generates a natural classification of all possible cancers based on their network architecture .
+2	Two actions $ ( \widetilde { S } , f ) $ and $ ( \widetilde { S^ { \prime } } , f^ { \prime } ) $ are called strongly ( resp .	Let $ \widetilde { S } $ be a closed ( compact without boundary ) oriented surface with genus $ g $ , and $ G $ be a group isomorphic to $ % \mathbf { Z } _ { p } ^ { m } $ , where $ p $ is a prime integer .	An action of $ G $ on $ S $ is a pair $ ( \widetilde { S } , f ) $ , where $ f $ is a representation of $ G $ in the group of orientation preserving autohomeomorphisms of $ \widetilde { S } $ .	weakly ) equivalent if there is a homeomorphism $ , $ $ % \widetilde { \psi } : \widetilde { S } \to \widetilde { S } ^ { \prime } , $ sending the orientation of $ \widetilde { S } $ to the orientation of $ \widetilde { S } % ^ { \prime } , $ such that $ f^ { \prime } ( h ) =\widetilde { \psi } \circ f ( h ) \circ \widetilde { \psi } ^ { -1 } , $ ( resp .	there is an automorphism $ \alpha \in Aut ( G ) $ such that $ f^ { \prime } \circ \alpha ( h ) =\widetilde { \psi } \circ f ( h ) \circ \widetilde { \psi } ^ { -1 } $ ) for all $ h\in G. $ We give the full description of strong and weak equivalence classes .
+4	Morphologically , the CO emissions correlate well with Spitzer IRAC 8.0 $ \mu $ m emission .	We presented a study on the Galactic bubble N4 using the 13.7 m millimeter telescope of Purple Mountain Observatory at the Qinghai Station .	N4 is one of the science demonstration regions for the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting ( WMISP ) .	Simultaneous observations of $ ^ { 12 } $ CO ( J = 1 $ - $ 0 ) , $ ^ { 13 } $ CO ( J = 1 $ - $ 0 ) and C $ ^ { 18 } $ O ( J = 1 $ - $ 0 ) line emission towards N4 were carried out .	We analyzed the spectral profile and the distribution of the molecular gas .
+3	A specific estimation procedure is developed to adjust a Gaussian process model in complex cases ( non linear relations , highly dispersed or discontinuous output , high dimensional input , inadequate sampling designs , ... ) .	Complex computer codes are often too time expensive to be directly used to perform uncertainty propagation studies , global sensitivity analysis or to solve optimization problems .	A well known and widely used method to circumvent this inconvenience consists in replacing the complex computer code by a reduced model , called a metamodel , or a response surface that represents the computer code and requires acceptable calculation time .	One particular class of metamodels is studied : the Gaussian process model that is characterized by its mean and covariance functions .	The efficiency of this algorithm is compared to the efficiency of other existing algorithms on an analytical test case .
+4	We follow the dynamical evolution of subhalos within larger halos , allowing for tidal stripping , the loss of orbital energy by dynamical friction , and random orbital perturbations in gravitational encounters with subhalos , and we assume that mergers of subhalos are followed by mergers of their central black holes .	Recent observations support the idea that nuclear black holes grew by gas accretion while shining as luminous quasars at high redshift , and they establish a relation of the black hole mass with the host galaxy 's spheroidal stellar system .	We develop an analytic model to calculate the expected impact of mergers on the masses of black holes in massive clusters of galaxies .	We use the extended Press-Schechter formalism to generate Monte Carlo merger histories of halos with a mass 10^ { 15 } h^ { -1 } Msun .	We assume that the black hole mass function at z=2 is similar to that inferred from observations at z=0 ( since quasar activity declines markedly at z & lt ; 2 ) , and we assign black holes to the progenitor halos assuming a monotonic relation between halo mass and black hole mass .
+4	It is demonstrated that ED fails in both DP and DV cases for time evolution of the simple unstable system of the kind of oscillating neutrino .	Relativistic quantum theory shows that the known Einstein time dilation ( ED ) approximately holds for the decay law of the unstable particle having definite momentum p ( DP ) .	I use a different definition of the moving particle as the state with definite velocity v ( DV ) .	It is shown that in this case the decay law is not dilated .	On the contrary , it is contracted as compared with the decay law of the particle at rest .
+0	Despite rather long-term theoretical and experimental studies , the hypothesis of the non-zero intrinsic ( or valence-like ) heavy quark component of the proton distribution functions has not yet been confirmed or rejected .	The LHC with $ pp $ -collisions at $ \sqrt { s } = $ 7 -- 14 TeV will obviously supply extra unique information concerning the above-mentioned component of the proton .	To use the LHC potential , first of all , one should select the parton-level ( sub ) processes ( and final-state signatures ) that are most sensitive to the intrinsic heavy quark contributions .	To this end inclusive production of $ c ( b ) $ -jets accompanied by photons is considered .	On the basis of the performed theoretical study it is demonstrated that the investigation of the intrinsic heavy quark contributions looks very promising at the LHC in processes such as $ pp\rightarrow \gamma+ c ( b ) +X $ .
+2	The I band OGLE-II light curves are used to create models of the DEBs , which together with the VVV photometry are compared with a set of theoretical isochrones .	We present the first results of a project aiming to trace the spatial structure of the Milky Way using detached eclipsing binaries ( DEBs ) as distance indicators .	A sample of DEBs from the OGLE-II catalogue was selected and their near infrared photometry was taken from the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea ( VVV ) survey .	After correcting for stellar reddening , we find a set of absolute physical parameters of components of a given binary , including absolute magnitudes and distances .	With this approach we can calculate the distances with the precision better than 5 per cent .
+2	Several distinct regimes are put in evidence .	The phase behaviour of amphiphilic multiblock copolymers with a large number of blocks in semidilute solutions is studied by lattice Monte Carlo simulations .	The influence on the resulting structures of the concentration , the solvent quality and the ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic monomers in the chains has been assessed explicitely .	For poorly substituted ( mainly hydrophilic ) copolymers formation of micelles is observed , either isolated or connected by the hydrophilic moieties , depending on concentration and chain length .	For more highly substituted chains larger tubular hydrophobic structures appear which , at higher concentration , join to form extended hydrophobic cores .
+2	These distances are used to calculate bolometric luminosities and estimate the survey completeness ( ~2x10^4 lsun ) .	Abridged : We have used the well-selected sample of ~1750 embedded , young , massive stars identified by the RMS survey to investigate the Galactic distribution of recent massive star formation .	We describe the various methods used to assign distances extracted from the literature , and solve the distance ambiguities towards ~200 sources located within the Solar circle using archival HI data .	In total , we calculate the distance and luminosity of ~1650 sources , one third of which are above the survey 's completeness threshold .	Examination of the sample 's longitude , latitude , radial velocities and mid-infrared images has identified ~120 small groups of sources , many of which are associated with well known star formation complexes , such as W43 , W49 and W51 .
+2	This naturally gives rise to a feedback mechanism between the field and the geometry .	We demonstrate a systematic implementation of coupling between a scalar field and the geometry of the space ( curve , surface , etc . )	which carries the field .	We develop a systematic model for the feedback in a general form , inspired by a specific implementation in the context of molecular dynamics ( the so-called Rahman-Parrinello molecular dynamics , or RP-MD ) .	We use a generalized Lagrangian that allows for the coupling of the space 's metric tensor ( the first fundamental form ) to the scalar field , and add terms motivated by RP-MD .
+1	The detailed analysis of nonperturbative contributions to the electromagnetic quark form factor is presented considering the structure of the instanton induced effects in the evolution equation describing the high energy behaviour of the form factor .	The nonperturbative effects in the high-energy processes involving strongly interacting particles are studied within the instanton liquid model of the QCD vacuum ( ILM ) by using the Wilson integral framework .	It is shown that the instantons yield in high energy limit the logarithmic corrections to the amplitudes which are exponentiated in small instanton density parameter .	By using the Gaussian interpolation of the constrained instanton solution , we show that the all-order multi-instanton contribution is well approximated by the weak field limit result .	The role of the instantons in high energy diffractive quark-quark scattering , in particular , in formation of the soft Pomeron , is also considered .
+1	The present day density of tensor unparticles from neutrino-neutrino and photon-photon annihilation is calculated .	We calculate cosmological and astrophysical bounds on the couplings between standard model fields and tensor unparticles .	Also , the supernovae volume energy loss rates from electron-positron and photon-photon annihilation to tensor unparticles are calculated .	The constraints from matter density and supernovae volume energy loss rates from photon-photon annihilation are on the same order of magnitude , while the bounds from supernovae volume energy loss rates from electron-positron annihilation are an order of magnitude lower .	We find the couplings between standard model fields and tensor unparticles are at least an order of magnitude lower than those used for previous studies of tensor unparticle collider phenomenology .
+4	In this framework , we demonstrate that , in contrast to Feigel , the total force caused by the virtual is zero , with an appropriate count of the modes that should be taken into account in this effect .	We analyse the propagation of electromagnetic waves in magnetoelectric media .	Recently , Feigel has predicted that such a medium may `` extract momentum from vacuum '' in the sense that the total momentum of the virtual waves ( vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field ) is nontrivial .	Our aim is to check the feasibility of this effect .	The crucial point in our study is an assumption of the finite size of the magnetoelectric sample , which allows us to reduce the calculation of the momenta and forces of the electromagnetic waves acting on the sample to the vacuum region outside of the medium .
+2	The resulting equation is a Monge-Amp\`ere type with possible nonlocal terms .	We discuss equations associated to Cournot-Nash Equilibria as put forward recently by Blanchet and Carlier .	These equations are related to an optimal transport problem in which the source measure is known , but the target measure is part of the problem .	If the cost function is of a particular form , the equation is vulnerable to standard optimal transportation PDE techniques , with some modifications to deal with the new terms .	We give some conditions on the problem from which we can conclude that solutions are smooth .
+2	The search is performed in the process t t-bar to W+/- b H-/+ b-bar , where the W boson decays to a lepton ( electron or muon ) and a neutrino .	A search for a light charged Higgs boson , originating from the decay of a top quark and subsequently decaying into a charm quark and a strange antiquark , is presented .	The data used in the analysis correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns recorded in proton-proton collisions at sqrt ( s ) = 8 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC .	The decays lead to a final state comprising an isolated lepton , at least four jets and large missing transverse energy .	No significant deviation is observed in the data with respect to the standard model predictions , and model-independent upper limits are set on the branching fraction B ( t to H+ b ) , ranging from 1.2 to 6.5 % for a charged Higgs boson with mass between 90 and 160 GeV , under the assumption that B ( H+ to c s-bar ) = 100 % .
+2	For the first time , we attack this problem by studying the impact of gravitational-wave emission and gas accretion on the evolution of the instability .	Superradiant instabilities of spinning black holes can be used to impose strong constraints on ultralight bosons , thus turning black holes into effective particle detectors .	However , very little is known about the development of the instability and whether its nonlinear time evolution accords to the linear intuition .	Our quasi-adiabatic , fully-relativistic analysis shows that : ( i ) gravitational-wave emission does not have a significant effect on the evolution of the black hole , ( ii ) accretion plays an important role and ( iii ) although the mass of the scalar cloud developed through superradiance can be a sizeable fraction of the black-hole mass , its energy-density is very low and backreaction is negligible .	Thus , massive black holes are well described by the Kerr geometry even if they develop bosonic clouds through superradiance .
+3	Then we show that $ X $ has a quasi -- projective reduction if and only if its toric quasi -- projective reduction is surjective .	We define a quasi -- projective reduction of a complex algebraic variety $ X $ to be a regular map from $ X $ to a quasi -- projective variety that is universal with respect to regular maps from $ X $ to quasi -- projective varieties .	A toric quasi -- projective reduction is the analogous notion in the category of toric varieties .	For a given toric variety $ X $ we first construct a toric quasi -- projective reduction .	We apply this result to characterize when the action of a subtorus on a quasi -- projective toric variety admits a categorical quotient in the category of quasi -- projective varieties .
+4	Based on our results we propose that Anx A2t binds in a side-by-side configuration , i.e. , both Anx A2 monomers bind to the bilayer with the p11 dimer positioned on top .	Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to anionic phospholipid membranes in a Ca2+-dependent manner .	Annexin A2 forms heterotetramers ( Anx A2t ) with the S100A10 ( p11 ) protein dimer .	The tetramer is capable of bridging phospholipid membranes and it has been suggested to play a role in Ca2+-dependent exocytosis and cell-cell adhesion of metastatic cells .	Here , we employ x-ray reflectivity measurements to resolve the conformation of Anx A2t upon Ca2+-dependent binding to single supported lipid bilayers ( SLBs ) composed of different mixtures of anionic ( POPS ) and neutral ( POPC ) phospholipids .
+4	We provide a lower bound on the T_2 coherence time that explicitly takes into account the effects of a spin echo pulse sequence .	We address the decoherence of a localized electron spin in an external magnetic field due to the hyperfine interaction with a lattice of nuclear spins .	Using a completely non-perturbative method , rigorous bounds on the T_1 and T_2 coherence times for the electron spin are provided .	It is shown that for magnetic fields B greater than some critical field B_c ( B_c ~ .001 - 2 Tesla for the systems studied here ) , the z-polarization of the electron spin can not relax , and hence T_1 is infinite .	However , even at high fields dephasing can still occur .
+2	The parameters are determined separately for rise fronts and for back slopes of bursts , defined as the time profiles before and after the main peaks , respectively .	Average cosmological invariant parameters ( ACIPs ) are calculated for six groups of BATSE cosmic gamma-ray bursts selected by their peak fluxes on the 1.024 s time scale .	The ACIPs represent the average temporal and spectral properties of these events equally in the observer frame of reference and in the co-moving frames of outbursting emitters .	The ACIPs for the rise fronts are found to be different for different intensity groups , while the ACIPs for the back slopes show no significant dependence on intensity .	We conclude that emitters of bursts manifest standard average properties only during the back slopes of bursts .
+3	In the notoriously difficult realm of finite-temperature low-frequency dynamics , usually inaccessible to both NRG and perturbative methods , we show that progress can be made by a suitable renormalization procedure in the framework of the Callan-Symanzik equations .	The pseudogap Kondo problem , describing a magnetic impurity embedded in an electronic environment with a power-law density of states , displays continuous quantum phase transitions between free and screened moment phases .	In this paper we employ renormalization group techniques to analytically calculate universal crossover functions , associated to these transitions , for various observables .	Quantitative agreement with the results of Numerical Renormalization Group ( NRG ) simulations is obtained for temperature-dependent static and zero-temperature dynamic quantities , at and away from criticality .	Our general strategy can be extended to other zero-temperature phase transitions , both in quantum impurity models and bulk systems .
+3	We find that more non-axisymmetric magnetic fields result in more asymmetric mass fluxes and wind total pressures $ p_ { \rm tot } $ ( defined as the sum of thermal , magnetic and ram pressures ) .	We perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of stellar winds of early-M dwarf stars .	Our simulations incorporate observationally reconstructed large-scale surface magnetic maps , suggesting that the complexity of the magnetic field can play an important role in the angular momentum evolution of the star , possibly explaining the large distribution of periods in field dM stars , as reported in recent works .	In spite of the diversity of the magnetic field topologies among the stars in our sample , we find that stellar wind flowing near the ( rotational ) equatorial plane carries most of the stellar angular momentum , but there is no preferred colatitude contributing to mass loss , as the mass flux is maximum at different colatitudes for different stars .	Because planetary magnetospheric sizes are set by pressure equilibrium between the planet 's magnetic field and $ p_ { \rm tot } $ , variations of up to a factor of $ 3 $ in $ p_ { \rm tot } $ ( as found in the case of a planet orbiting at several stellar radii away from the star ) lead to variations in magnetospheric radii of about 20 percent along the planetary orbital path .
+0	An on-line beam position monitoring and regular beam stability tests are of utmost importance for the Quality Assurance ( QA ) of the patient treatment at any particle therapy facility .	The Gantry $ \hspace { 0.5 mm } 2 $ at the Paul Scherrer Institute uses a strip ionization chamber for the on-line beam position verification .	The design of the strip chamber placed in the beam in front of the patient allows for a small beam penumbra in order to achieve a high-quality lateral beam delivery .	The position error of 1 mm in a lateral plane ( plane perpendicular to the beam direction ) can result in a dose inhomogeneity of more than $ 5 \ % $ .	Therefore the goal of Gantry 2 commissioning was to reach a sub-millimeter level of the reconstruction accuracy in order to bring a dose uncertainty to a level of $ 1 \ % $ .
+3	We do not observe any evolution of the relationship between red galaxy stellar mass and host halo mass , although we expect both galaxy stellar masses and halo masses to evolve over cosmic time .	We have traced the past 7 Gyr of red galaxy stellar mass growth within dark matter halos .	We have determined the halo occupation distribution , which describes how galaxies reside within dark matter halos , using the observed luminosity function and clustering of 40,696 0.2 & lt ; z & lt ; 1.0 red galaxies in Bootes .	Half of 10^ { 11.9 } Msun/h halos host a red central galaxy , and this fraction increases with increasing halo mass .	We find that the stellar mass contained within the red population has doubled since z=1 , with the stellar mass within red satellite galaxies tripling over this redshift range .
+2	The class of infinite words whose set of factors is in $ L_k $ is denoted by $ W_k $ .	In this paper we explore a new hierarchy of classes of languages and infinite words and its connection with complexity classes .	Namely , we say that a language belongs to the class $ L_k $ if it is a subset of the catenation of $ k $ languages $ S_1\cdots S_k $ , where the number of words of length $ n $ in each of $ S_i $ is bounded by a constant .	In this paper we focus on the relations between the classes $ W_k $ and the subword complexity of infinite words , which is as usual defined as the number of factors of the word of length $ n $ .	In particular , we prove that the class $ W_ { 2 } $ coincides with the class of infinite words of linear complexity .
+0	We study with exact diagonalization techniques the Heisenberg model for a system of SU ( 2 ) spins with S=1/2 and random infinite-range exchange interactions .	We calculate the critical temperature T_g for the spin-glass to paramagnetic transition .	We obtain T_g ~ 0.13 , in good agreement with previous quantum Monte Carlo and analytical estimates .	We provide a detailed picture for the different kind of excitations which intervene in the dynamical response chi '' ( w , T ) at T=0 and analyze their evolution as T increases .	We also calculate the specific heat Cv ( T ) .
+3	The thermodynamics analysis presented here shows that the most general approach to the behaviour of unsaturated soils actually requires three stress state variables : the suction , which is required to describe the retention properties of the soil and two effective stresses , which are required to describe the soil deformation at water saturation held constant .	Constitutive equations of unsaturated soils are often derived in a thermodynamically consistent framework through the use a unique 'effective ' interstitial pressure .	This later is naturally chosen as the space averaged interstitial pressure .	However , experimental observations have revealed that two stress state variables were needed to describe the stress-strain-strength behaviour of unsaturated soils .	Actually , it is shown that a simple assumption related to internal deformation leads to the need of a unique effective stress to formulate the stress-strain constitutive equation describing the soil deformation .
+2	This result allows minimization of the second-order light shift with respect to the field polarization for optical lattices operating at a magic wavelength ( at which the first-order shift vanishes ) .	The light-induced frequency shift due to the hyperpolarizability ( i.e.terms of second-order in intensity ) is studied for a forbidden optical transition , $ J $ =0 $ \to $ $ J $ =0 .	A simple universal dependence on the field ellipticity is obtained .	We show the possibility for the existence of a magic elliptical polarization , for which the second-order frequency shift vanishes .	The optimal polarization of the lattice field can be either linear , circular or magic elliptical .
+0	The Klein-Gordon equation with scalar potential is considered .	In the Feshbach-Villars representation the annihilation operator for a linear potential is defined and its eigenstates are obtained .	Although the energy levels in this case are not equally-spaced , depending on the eigenvalues of the annihilation operator , the states are nearly coherent and squeezed .	The relativistic Poschl-Teller potential is introduced .	It is shown that its energy levels are equally-spaced .
+4	The primary focus is on the population of ultralight axions created via vacuum realignment , and its role as a dark matter ( DM ) candidate with distinctive phenomenology .	Axions comprise a broad class of particles that can play a major role in explaining the unknown aspects of cosmology .	They are also extraordinarily well-motivated within high energy physics , and so axion cosmology offers us a unique view onto these theories .	I present a comprehensive and pedagogical view on the cosmology and astrophysics of axion-like particles , starting from inflation and progressing via the CMB and structure formation up to the present-day Universe .	I briefly review the motivation and models for axions in particle physics and string theory .
+3	Sci. , 410 ( 47 -- 49 ) :5063 -- 5071 , 2009 ] and [ J. Comb .	In a graph $ G = ( V , E ) $ , a vertex subset $ S\subseteq V ( G ) $ is said to be a dominating set of $ G $ if every vertex not in $ S $ is adjacent to a vertex in $ S $ .	A dominating set $ S $ of $ G $ is called a paired-dominating set of $ G $ if the induced subgraph $ G [ S ] $ contains a perfect matching .	In this paper , we propose an $ O ( n+m ) $ -time algorithm for the weighted paired-domination problem on block graphs using dynamic programming , which strengthens the results in [ Theoret.Comput .	Optim. , 19 ( 4 ) :457 -- 470 , 2010 ] .
+2	We determine the discontinuities across the Yang-Lee and Langer branch cuts .	We study the analytic properties of the scaling function associated with the 2D Ising model free energy in the critical domain $ T \to T_c $ , $ H \to 0 $ .	The analysis is based on numerical data obtained through the Truncated Free Fermion Space Approach .	We confirm the standard analyticity assumptions and propose `` extended analyticity '' ; roughly speaking , the latter states that the Yang-Lee branching point is the nearest singularity under Langer 's branch cut .	We support the extended analyticity by evaluating numerically the associated `` extended dispersion relation '' .
+1	This model , is predicated upon the assumption that clusters form within an interstellar medium enriched locally by the ejecta of a single Type Ia supernova and varying numbers of asymptotic giant branch stars , superimposed on an ambient medium pre-enriched by low-metallicity Type II supernovae .	In the first paper in this series , we proposed a new framework in which to model the chemical evolution of globular clusters .	Paper I was concerned with the application of this model to the observed abundances of several reactive elements and so-called non-metals for three classical intermediate-metallicity clusters , with the hallmark of the work being the successful recovery of many of their well-known elemental and isotopic abundance anomalies .	Here , we expand upon our initial analysis by ( a ) applying the model to a much broader range of metallicities ( from the factor of three explored in Paper I , to now , a factor of ~50 ; i.e. , essentially , the full range of Galactic globular cluster abundances , and ( b ) incorporating a broader suite of chemical species , including a number of iron-peak isotopes , heavier alpha-elements , and fluorine .	While most empirical globular cluster abundance trends are reproduced , our model would suggest the need for a higher production of Ca , Si , and Cu in low-metallicity ( or so-called `` prompt '' ) Type Ia supernovae than predicted in current stellar models in order to reproduce the observed trends in NGC 6752 , and a factor of two reduction in carbon production from asymptotic giant branch stars to explain the observed trends between carbon and nitrogen .
+2	Conditions are identified that warrant the largest impact of noise on the evolutionary process , and the results of Monte Carlo simulations are qualitatively reproduced by a four-point cluster dynamical mean-field approximation .	We study a stochastic predator-prey model on a square lattice , where each of the six species has two superior and two inferior partners .	The invasion probabilities between species depend on the predator-prey pair and are supplemented by Gaussian noise .	The observed noise-guided evolution is deeply routed in short-range spatial correlations , which is supported by simulations on other host lattice topologies .	Our findings are conceptually related to the coherence resonance phenomenon in dynamical systems via the mechanism of threshold duality .
+4	A special attention is paid to the choice of the cut-off : we show that in hidden-variable models , only a cut-off growing as $ N^\lambda $ with $ \lambda\geq 1 $ can reproduce the scaling of a power-law degree distribution .	It is becoming more and more clear that complex networks present remarkable large fluctuations .	These fluctuations may manifest differently according to the given model .	In this paper we re-consider hidden variable models which turn out to be more analytically treatable and for which we have recently shown clear evidence of non-self averaging ; the density of a motif being subject to possible uncontrollable fluctuations in the infinite size limit .	Here we provide full detailed calculations and we show that large fluctuations are only due to the node hidden variables variability while , in ensembles where these are frozen , fluctuations are negligible in the thermodynamic limit , and equal the fluctuations of classical random graphs .
+0	The use of exactly-solvable Richardson-Gaudin ( R-G ) models to describe the physics of systems with strong pair correlations is reviewed .	We begin with a brief discussion of Richardson 's early work , which demonstrated the exact solvability of the pure pairing model , and then show how that work has evolved recently into a much richer class of exactly-solvable models .	We then show how the Richardson solution leads naturally to an exact analogy between such quantum models and classical electrostatic problems in two dimensions .	This is then used to demonstrate formally how BCS theory emerges as the large-N limit of the pure pairing Hamiltonian and is followed by several applications to problems of relevance to condensed matter physics , nuclear physics and the physics of confined systems .	Some of the interesting effects that are discussed in the context of these exactly-solvable models include : ( 1 ) the crossover from superconductivity to a fluctuation-dominated regime in small metallic grains , ( 2 ) the role of the nucleon Pauli principle in suppressing the effects of high spin bosons in interacting boson models of nuclei , and ( 3 ) the possibility of fragmentation in confined boson systems .
+3	Here , we expand this method to include the determinations of its potential and kinetic energy as functions of redshift .	Understanding the physical nature of the dark energy which appears to drive the accelerated expansion of the unvierse is one of the key problems in physics and cosmology today .	This important problem is best studied using a variety of mutually complementary approaches .	Daly and Djorgovski ( 2003 , 2004 ) proposed a model independent approach to determine a number of important physical parameters of the dark energy as functions of redshift directly from the data .	We show that the dark energy potential and kinetic energy may be written as combinations of the first and second derivatives of the coordinate distance with respect to redshift .
+3	Here we test the rule using two models , a simple one-dimensional one with a fixed number of animals expanding in a northern or southerly direction only , and the evolutionary/ecological Chowdhury model using birth , ageing , death , mutation , speciation , prey-predator relations and food levels .	Rapoport 's rule claims that latitudinal ranges of plant and animal species are generally smaller at low than at high latitudes .	However , doubts as to the generality of the rule have been expressed , because studies providing evidence against the rule are more numerous than those in support of it .	In groups for which support has been provided , the trend of increasing latitudinal ranges with latitude is restricted to or at least most distinct at high latitudes , suggesting that the effect may be a local phenomenon , for example the result of glaciations .	Simulations with both models gave results contradicting Rapoport 's rule .
+1	The generalized relative noise appear to be independent of applied bias in the power-law regime of the tubes and in agreement with theoretical predictions .	We study low frequency noise in a non-Ohmic region of metallic single walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes .	Beyond the power law regime the suppression of conductance due to scattering with optical phonons is accompanied by a reduction of relative noise by an order of magnitude .	Mobility fluctuations in the tubes due to optical phonon scattering cause the unexpected reduction in the relative noise magnitude which is modeled using a modified mobility fluctuation picture .	The findings have important implications for metallic nanotubes being used as interconnects in nanoelectronic devices .
+3	The component spectra of the GPS galaxies are often steep/convex , and the core has a flat spectrum but it is usually hidden or weak .	We report the results of multifrequency-VLBI observations of GHz-Peaked-Spectrum ( GPS ) radio sources .	The VLBI structure and component spectra of some GPS sources are presented .	Our VLBI results show that about 80 % of the GPS galaxies exhibit a compact double or CSO-like structure , while the GPS quasars tend to show a core-jet .	In addition , we studied the variability of GPS sources by comparing new flux density measures , acquired with the Urumqi 25m telescope at 4.85 GHz , with previous 87GB data .
+4	Moreover , we provide an algorithm to estimate its topology using weighted Vietoris-Rips complexes .	We show that geometric inference of a point cloud can be calculated by examining its kernel density estimate with a Gaussian kernel .	This allows one to consider kernel density estimates , which are robust to spatial noise , subsampling , and approximate computation in comparison to raw point sets .	This is achieved by examining the sublevel sets of the kernel distance , which isomorphically map to superlevel sets of the kernel density estimate .	We prove new properties about the kernel distance , demonstrating stability results and allowing it to inherit reconstruction results from recent advances in distance-based topological reconstruction .
+4	The entire code of HIPE is written in Java and is open source released under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 .	The Herschel Interactive Processing Environment ( HIPE ) was developed by the European Space Agency ( ESA ) in collaboration with NASA and the Herschel Instrument Control Centres to provide the astronomical community a complete environment to process and analyze the data gathered by the Herschel Space Observatory .	One of the most important components of HIPE is the plotting system ( named PlotXY ) that we present here .	With PlotXY it is possible to produce easily high quality publication ready 2D plots .	It provides a long list of features , with fully configurable components , and interactive zooming .
+2	Our calculation includes the Higgs boson decay to bottom quarks ( b ) in next-to-leading order QCD and the leptonic decay of the Z boson with finite-width effects and spin correlations .	We consider Standard Model Higgs boson production in association with a Z boson in hadron collisions .	We present a fully exclusive computation of QCD radiative corrections up to next-to-next-to-leading order ( NNLO ) .	The computation is implemented in a parton level Monte Carlo program that makes possible to consider arbitrary kinematical cuts on the final-state leptons , the b jets and the associated QCD radiation , and to compute the corresponding distributions in the form of bin histograms .	We assess the impact of QCD radiative effects in the boosted kinematics at the LHC and show that the inclusion of the NNLO corrections is crucial to control the pT spectrum of the Higgs boson candidate .
+3	The ratio of total-to-selective extinction in the cluster region is estimated as $ 3.7\pm0.3 $ .	We present $ UBVI_C $ CCD photometry of the young open cluster Be 59 with the aim to study the star formation scenario in the cluster .	The radial extent of the cluster is found to be $ \sim $ 10 arcmin ( 2.9 pc ) .	The interstellar extinction in the cluster region varies between $ E ( B-V ) \simeq $ 1.4 to 1.8 mag .	The distance of the cluster is found to be $ 1.00\pm0.05 $ kpc .
+4	Mach 's principle has much to do with the latter and nothing to do with the former .	Well-known to specialists but little-known to the wider audience is that Newtonian gravity can be understood as geodesic motion in space-time , where time is absolute and space is Euclidean .	Newtonian cosmology formulated by Heckmann agrees implicitly with Cartan 's formulation of Newtonian mechanics as geodesic motion in space-time , but does not unfold the underlying geometric picture .	I present the transformation theory of Newtonian mechanics and gravity developed by Cartan and Heckmann , and show via coordinate transformations that Heckmann 's Newtonian cosmological model has a center , so that the cosmological principle can not hold globally .	It is possible to confuse the relativity principle with a position of relativism .
+2	The key feature of our definition of PMI is the omission of an interval of 'present ' time , so that the mutual information between close times is excluded : this renders PMI robust to superposed noise or chaotic behaviour or graininess of data , distinguishing it from a range of established Complexity Measures .	We define Persistent Mutual Information ( PMI ) as the Mutual ( Shannon ) Information between the past history of a system and its evolution significantly later in the future .	This quantifies how much past observations enable long term prediction , which we propose as the primary signature of ( Strong ) Emergent Behaviour .	For the logistic map we compare predicted with measured long-time PMI data .	We show that measured PMI data captures not just the period doubling cascade but also the associated cascade of banded chaos , without confusion by the overlayer of chaotic decoration .
+4	We also propose a refined version of ABJM theory , and compute some refined link averages .	We consider the link average of the half-BPS Wilson loop operators in N = 6 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theory , which is called ABJM theory .	We show that this loop average is reduced to a ( super ) matrix integral by the localization method , in a similar way to the bosonic U ( N ) Chern-Simons theory .	Using this matrix integral , we compute the two- and three-link averages with an operator formalism inspired by a three-dimensional topological field theory .	We obtain a factorization of the link average , and the Verlinde formula in a sector of supergroup representations .
+4	Due to the inherently stochastic nature of the generative process , the set of FIs is only a rough approximation of the set of TFIs , as it often contains a huge number of \emph { false positives } , i.e. , spurious itemsets that are not among the TFIs .	Frequent Itemsets ( FIs ) mining is a fundamental primitive in data mining .	It requires to identify all itemsets appearing in at least a fraction $ \theta $ of a transactional dataset $ \mathcal { D } $ .	Often though , the ultimate goal of mining $ \mathcal { D } $ is not an analysis of the dataset \emph { per se } , but the understanding of the underlying process that generated it .	Specifically , in many applications $ \mathcal { D } $ is a collection of samples obtained from an unknown probability distribution $ \pi $ on transactions , and by extracting the FIs in $ \mathcal { D } $ one attempts to infer itemsets that are frequently ( i.e. , with probability at least $ \theta $ ) generated by $ \pi $ , which we call the True Frequent Itemsets ( TFIs ) .
+0	We study the impact of one-loop radiative corrections in a non-supersymmetric model of hybrid inflation with chaotic ( polynomial-like ) potential , $ V_0 + \lambda_p \phi^p $ .	These corrections can arise from the possible couplings of inflaton with other fields which may play active role in the reheating process .	The tree-level predictions of these models are shown to lie outside of the Planck 's latest bounds on the scalar spectral index $ n_s $ and the tensor to scalar ratio $ r $ .	However , the radiatively corrected version of these models , $ V_0 + \lambda_p \phi^p + A \phi^4 \ln \phi $ , is fully consistent with the Planck 's data .	More specifically , fermionic radiative correction ( $ A & lt ; 0 $ ) reduces the tensor to scalar ratio significantly and a red-tilted spectral index $ n_s & lt ; 1 $ , consistent with Planck 's data , is obtained even for sub-Planckian field-values .
+3	However , enough O VI can be produced if the voids are filled by a low density gas .	We have studied superionization and X-ray line formation in the spectra of Zeta Pup using our new stellar atmosphere code ( XCMFGEN ) that can be used to simultaneously analyze optical , UV , and X-ray observations .	Here , we present results on the formation of the O VI ll1032 , 1038 doublet .	Our simulations , supported by simple theoretical calculations , show that clumped wind models that assume void in the interclump space can not reproduce the observed O VI profiles .	The recombination of O VI is very efficient in the dense material but in the tenuous interclump region an observable amount of O VI can be maintained .
+1	We study the production and the decay of a heavy gauge boson in the upcoming LHC run .	The performance of top taggers , for example in resonance searches , can be significantly enhanced through an increased set of variables , with a special focus on final-state radiation .	For constant signal efficiency , the multivariate analysis achieves an increased background rejection by up to a factor 30 compared to our previous tagger .	Based on this study and the documentation in the Appendix we release a new HEPTopTagger2 for the upcoming LHC run .	It now includes an optimal choice of the size of the fat jet , N-subjettiness , and different modes of Qjets .
+0	A complete discussion of tree-level flavor-changing effects in the Randall-Sundrum ( RS ) model with brane-localized Higgs sector and bulk gauge and matter fields is presented .	The bulk equations of motion for the gauge and fermion fields , supplemented by boundary conditions taking into account the couplings to the Higgs sector , are solved exactly .	For gauge fields the Kaluza-Klein ( KK ) decomposition is performed in a covariant R_xi gauge .	For fermions the mixing between different generations is included in a completely general way .	The hierarchies observed in the fermion spectrum and the quark mixing matrix are explained naturally in terms of anarchic five-dimensional Yukawa matrices and wave-function overlap integrals .
+0	Quantification of the Galaxy 's star formation history involves both the duration and the rate of formation , with these parameters being known with different precision for different populations .	The early rate of star formation is knowable from modelling chemical element data , the recent rate directly from isochrone analyses of colour-magnitude data .	The field halo and globular clusters are almost exclusively old , and formed in at most a few Gyr .	The outer bulge probably formed in a short period long ago -- extant data is inconsistent , while the inner bulge/disk is forming today , and has continued to form over time .	Only very limited data is available on the inner disk .
+4	After developing the necessary theoretical background , we propose algorithmic procedures for its exact computation , based on linear or semidefinite programs .	We characterize and compute the maximal admissible positively invariant set for asymptotically stable constrained switching linear systems .	Motivated by practical problems found , e.g. , in obstacle avoidance , power electronics and nonlinear switching systems , in our setting the constraint set is formed by a finite number of polynomial inequalities .	First , we observe that the so-called Veronese lifting allows to represent the constraint set as a polyhedral set .	Next , by exploiting the fact that the lifted system dynamics remains linear , we establish a method based on reachability computations to characterize and compute the maximal admissible invariant set , which coincides with the domain of attraction when the system is asymptotically stable .
+1	The constraints on cosmological parameters derived from data of SNe Ia and the measurements of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies indicate that the dark energy amounts to roughly 70 % of all the energy contained in the Universe .	Observations of distant type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) , used as standard candles , support the notion that the Cosmos is filled with a mysterious form of energy , the dark energy .	In the hypothesis of a flat Universe , we investigate if the dark energy is really required in order to explain the SNe Ia experimental data , and , in this case , how much of such unknown energy is actually deduced from the analysis of these data and must be introduced in the LambdaCDM model of cosmology .	In particular we are interested in verifying if the Einstein-de Sitter model of the expanding Universe is really to be ruled out .	By using a fitting procedure based on the Newton method search for a minimum , we reanalyzed the `` Union compilation '' reported by Kowalski et al .
+1	It has many advantages , among which to be economical with only two adjustable parameters with clear physical interpretation .	To account quantitatively for many reported `` natural '' fat tail distributions in Nature and Economy , we propose the stretched exponential family as a complement to the often used power law distributions .	Furthermore , it derives from a simple and generic mechanism in terms of multiplicative processes .	We show that stretched exponentials describe very well the distributions of radio and light emissions from galaxies , of US GOM OCS oilfield reserve sizes , of World , US and French agglomeration sizes , of country population sizes , of daily Forex US-Mark and Franc-Mark price variations , of Vostok temperature variations , of the Raup-Sepkoski 's kill curve and of citations of the most cited physicists in the world .	We also briefly discuss its potential for the distribution of earthquake sizes and fault displacements and earth temperature variations over the last 400 000 years .
+1	The parameters are chosen for trapped electron ( TE ) mode turbulence , driven primarily by steep electron density gradients relevant to H-mode physics , but with a transition to temperature gradient driven turbulence as the density gradient flattens .	The turbulent transport of main ion and trace impurities in a tokamak device in the presence of steep electron density gradients has been studied .	Results obtained through non-linear ( NL ) and quasilinear ( QL ) gyrokinetic simulations using the GENE code are compared with results obtained from a fluid model .	Main ion and impurity transport is studied by examining the balance of convective and diffusive transport , as quantified by the density gradient corresponding to zero particle flux ( peaking factor ) .	Scalings are obtained for the impurity peaking with the background electron density gradient and the impurity charge number .
+2	We follow the evolution of the RBW as it sweeps up circumstellar matter and assume that the swept-up electrons and protons have energies equal to the Lorentz factor of the flow .	We examine the prompt and afterglow emission within the context of the Supercritical Pile model for GRBs .	For this we have performed self-consistent calculations , by solving three time-dependent kinetic equations for protons , electrons and photons in addition to the usual mass and energy conservation equations .	While the electrons radiate their energies through synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation on short timescales , the protons , at least initially , start accumulating without any dissipation .	As the accumulated mass of relativistic protons increases , however , they can become supercritical to the `proton-photon pair-production - synchrotron radiation ' network , and , as a consequence , they transfer explosively their stored energy to secondary electron-positron pairs and radiation .
+0	The existence of a second quadratic inviscid invariant , the helicity , in a turbulent flow leads to coexisting cascades of energy and helicity .	An equivalent of the four-fifth law for the longitudinal third order structure function , which is derived from energy conservation , is easily derived from helicity conservation cite { Procaccia , russian } .	The ratio of dissipation of helicity to dissipation of energy is proportional to the wave-number leading to a different Kolmogorov scale for helicity than for energy .	The Kolmogorov scale for helicity is always larger than the Kolmogorov scale for energy so in the high Reynolds number limit the flow will always be helicity free in the small scales , much in the same way as the flow will be isotropic and homogeneous in the small scales .	A consequence is that a pure helicity cascade is not possible .
+2	The first theoretical studies of intracluster planetaries have also been completed , studying their utility as tracers of the intracluster light as a whole , and also as individual objects .	I review the progress in research on intracluster planetary nebulae over the last five years .	Hundreds more intracluster planetary nebulae have been detected in the nearby Virgo and Fornax galaxy clusters , searches of several galaxy groups have been made , and intracluster planetary candidates have been detected in the distant Coma cluster .	From the results to date , it appears that intracluster planetaries are common in galaxy clusters ( 10-20 % of the total amount of starlight ) , but thus far , none have been detected in galaxy groups , a result which currently is not well understood .	Limited spectroscopic follow-up of intracluster planetaries in Virgo indicate that they have a complex velocity structure , in agreement with numerical models of intracluster light .
+2	The result of the DFA method applied to both datasets , shows that there exists a difference in the correlation properties between the short and long-range regimes : the slopes of the transmitted flux fluctuation function are different on small and large scales .	We use , for the first time , the Detrend Fluctuation Analysis ( DFA ) to study the correlation properties of the transmitted flux fluctuations , in the Lyman- $ \alpha $ ( Ly $ \alpha $ ) Forest along the lines of sight ( LOS ) to QSOs , at different space scales .	We consider in our analysis the transmitted flux in the intergalactic medium over the redshift range 2 $ \leq $ z $ \leq $ 4.5 from a sample of 45 high-quality medium resolution ( R $ \sim $ 4300 ) quasar spectra obtained with Echelle Spectrograph and Imager ( ESI ) mounted on the Keck II 10-m telescope , and from a sample of 19 high-quality high resolution ( R $ \sim $ 50000 ) quasar spectra obtained with Ultra-Violet and Visible Echelle Spectrograh ( UVES ) mounted on the ESO KUEYEN 8.2 m telescope .	The scaling exponents , $ \alpha_ { 1 } $ = 1.635 $ \pm $ 0.115 and $ \alpha_ { 2 } $ = 0.758 $ \pm $ 0.085 for the ESI/Keck sample and $ \alpha_ { 1 } $ = 1.763 $ \pm 0.128 $ and $ \alpha_ { 2 } $ = 0.798 $ \pm 0.084 $ for the UVES/VLT sample for the short and long range regime respectively .	The transition between the two regims is observed at about $ \sim 1.4 h^ { -1 } Mpc $ ( comoving ) .
+2	In the present work , we study this effective model by using the fluctuation-exchange ( FLEX ) approximation .	We present a theoretical study on the superconductivity in \beta'- ( BEDT-TTF ) _2ICl_2 at Tc=14.2K under high hydrostatic pressure found by Taniguchi et al. , which is the highest record among organic superconductors .	Its electronic structure is well expressed by the anisotropic triangular lattice Hubbard model at half filling .	In the obtained phase diagram , the superconductivity with d_ { x^2-y^2 } like symmetry is realized next to the antiferromagnetic ( AF ) insulating phase , as a result of the 1D-2D dimensional crossover driven by the pressure .	The obtained maximum Tc is 16-18K .
+3	We investigated the sensitivity of the calculated ortho-to-para ratio for c-C3H2 to a large number of factors .	We report a detailed attempt to model the ortho-to-para abundance ratio of c-C3H2 so as to reproduce observed values in the cores of the well-known source TMC-1 .	According to observations , the ortho-to-para ratios vary , within large uncertainties , from a low of near unity to a high of approximately three depending on the core .	We used the osu.2003 network of gas-phase chemical reactions augmented by reactions that specifically consider the formation , depletion , and interconversion of the ortho and para forms of the c-C3H2 and its precursor ion c-C3H3+ .	For the less evolved cores C , CP , and D , we had no difficulty reproducing the observed ortho-to-para ratios of 1-2 .
+1	Closed formulae are obtained for the mean radiative width and its mean square fluctuation from level to level .	A microscopic theory of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a highly excited nucleus is developed on the basis of the Landau theory of a Fermi liquid .	The temperatures of many nuclei are found from the observed widths .	The relaxation time is estimated from the experimental data on the radiative-width fluctuations .	The regions of applicability of the various types of relations between the relaxation time and the lifetime of the compound nucleus , as well as the relevant physical consequences , are discussed .
+1	The fermion zero modes around the vortices will give rise the degenerate states of vortices .	We study the various quantum aspects of the $ N=2 $ supersymmetric Maxwell Chern-Simons vortex systems .	We analyze the angular momentum of these zero modes and apply the result to get the supermultiplet structures of the vortex .	The leading quantum correction to the mass of the vortex coming from the mode fluctuations is also calculated using various methods depending on the value of the coefficient of the Chern-Simons term $ \kappa $ to be zero , infinite and finite , separately .	The mass correction is shown to vanish for all cases .
+1	It is determined by a kernel $ u ( x , y ) $ , $ x , y\in S $ , that need not be symmetric and is allowed to be infinite on the diagonal .	A permanental field , $ \psi=\ { \psi ( \nu ) , \nu\in { \mathcal { V } } \ } $ , is a particular stochastic process indexed by a space of measures on a set $ S $ .	We show that these fields exist when $ u ( x , y ) $ is a potential density of a transient Markov process $ X $ in $ S $ .	A permanental field $ \psi $ can be realized as the limit of a renormalized sum of continuous additive functionals determined by a loop soup of $ X $ , which we carefully construct .	A Dynkin-type isomorphism theorem is obtained that relates $ \psi $ to continuous additive functionals of $ X $ ( continuous in $ t $ ) , $ L=\ { L_t^ { \nu } , ( \nu , t ) \in { \mathcal { V } } \times R_+\ } $ .
+4	The metallic dissipation provides a mean to couple light out of the dark modes of the PT- spaser .	Giant transmission and reflection of a finite bandwidth are shown to occur at the same wavelength when the electromagnetic wave is incident on a periodic array of PT-symmetric dimers embedded in a metallic film .	Remarkably , we found that this phenomenon vanishes if the metallic substrate is lossless while keeping other parameters unchanged .	When the metafilm is adjusted to the vicinity of a spectral singularity , tuning substrate dissipation to a critical value can lead to supper scattering in stark contrast to what would be expected in conventional systems .	The PT-synthetic plasmonic metafilm acts as a lasing PT-spaser , a planar source of coherent radiation .
+3	Without any prior information about the nature of the groups , the method simultaneously identifies the number of groups , the group assignment , and the properties that define these groups .	To understand the formation , evolution , and function of complex systems , it is crucial to understand the internal organization of their interaction networks .	Partly due to the impossibility of visualizing large complex networks , resolving network structure remains a challenging problem .	Here we overcome this difficulty by combining the visual pattern recognition ability of humans with the high processing speed of computers to develop an exploratory method for discovering groups of nodes characterized by common network properties , including but not limited to communities of densely connected nodes .	The results of applying our method to real networks suggest the possibility that most group structures lurk undiscovered in the fast-growing inventory of social , biological , and technological networks of scientific interest .
+0	Of the light nuclides observed in the universe today , D , 3He , 4He , and 7Li are relics from its early evolution .	The primordial abundances of these relics , produced via Big Bang Nucleosynthesis ( BBN ) during the first half hour of the evolution of the universe provide a unique window on Physics and Cosmology at redshifts of order 10^10 .	Comparing the BBN-predicted abundances with those inferred from observational data tests the consistency of the standard model of cosmology over ten orders of magnitude in redshift , constrains the baryon and other particle content of the universe , and probes both Cosmology and Physics beyond their current standard models .	These lectures are intended to introduce students , both of theory and observation , to those aspects of the evolution of the universe relevant to the production and evolution of the light nuclides from the Big Bang to the present .	The current observational data is reviewed and compared with the BBN predictions and the implications for cosmology ( e.g. , universal baryon density ) and particle physics ( e.g. , relativistic energy density ) are discussed .
+1	Using this rule and attributing all Fe production to normal SNe , we previously developed a phenomenological two-component model , which predicts that [ Sr/Fe ] & gt ; -0.32 for all metal-poor stars .	We have attributed the elements from Sr through Ag in stars of low metallicities ( [ Fe/H ] & lt ; -1.5 ) to charged-particle reactions ( CPR ) in neutrino-driven winds , which are associated with neutron star formation in low-mass and normal supernovae ( SNe ) from progenitors of ~ 8 to 11 M_sun and ~ 12 to 25 M_sun , respectively .	This is in direct conflict with the high-resolution data now available , which show that there is a great shortfall of Sr relative to Fe in many stars with [ Fe/H ] & lt ; -3 .	The same conflict also exists for the CPR elements Y and Zr .	We show that the data require a stellar source leaving behind black holes and that hypernovae ( HNe ) from progenitors of ~ 25 to 50 M_sun are the most plausible candidates .
+3	Another estimate is obtained via the lower Hausdorff-Pompeiu deviation of the boundaries , which in general may be much smaller than the usual Hausdorff-Pompeiu distance .	We prove estimates for the variation of the eigenvalues of uniformly elliptic operators with homogeneous Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions upon variation of the open set on which an operator is defined .	We consider operators of arbitrary even order and open sets admitting arbitrary strong degeneration .	The main estimate is expressed via a natural and easily computable distance between open sets with continuous boundaries .	Finally , in the case of diffeomorphic open sets we obtain an estimate even without the assumption of continuity of the boundaries .
+1	TOTEM will have dedicated runs with special high-beta* beam optics and a reduced number of proton bunches resulting in a low effective luminosity between 1.6 x 10^ { 28 } cm^ { -2 } s^ { -1 } and 2.4 x 10^ { 29 } cm^ { -2 } s^ { -1 } .	The TOTEM experiment with its detectors in the forward region of CMS and the Roman Pots along the beam line will determine the total pp cross-section via the optical theorem by measuring both the elastic cross-section and the total inelastic rate .	In these special conditions also an absolute luminosity measurement will be made , allowing the calibration of the CMS luminosity monitors needed at higher luminosities .	The acceptance of more than 90 % of all leading protons in the Roman Pot system , together with CMS 's central and TOTEM 's forward detectors extending to a maximum rapidity of 6.5 , makes the combined CMS+TOTEM experiment a unique instrument for exploring diffractive processes .	Scenarios for running at higher luminosities necessary for hard diffractive phenomena with low cross-sections are under study .
+0	Cloud computing is the new technology that has various advantages and it is an adoptable technology in this present scenario .	The main advantage of the cloud computing is that this technology reduces the cost effectiveness for the implementation of the Hardware , software and License for all .	This is the better peak time to analyze the cloud and its implementation and better use it for the development of the quality and low cost education for all over the world .	In this paper , we discuss how to influence on cloud computing and influence on this technology to take education to a wider mass of students over the country .	We believe cloud computing will surely improve the current system of education and improve quality at an affordable cost .
+3	The string solution corresponding to such Wilson loop can be found using the relation to the Neumann-Rosochatius system allowing the computation of the energy and angular momenta of the configuration .	Recently , Wilson loops with the shape of a double helix have played an important role in studying large spin operators in gauge theories .	They correspond to a quark and an anti-quark moving in circles on an S3 ( and therefore each of them describes a helix in RxS3 ) .	In this paper we consider the case where the particles have two angular momenta on the S3 .	The particular case of only one angular momentum is also considered .
+0	A systematic truncation of the many-body Hilbert space is implemented to study how electrons in a quantum dot attached to conducting leads respond to time-dependent biases .	The method , which we call the dynamical 1/N approach , is first tested in the most unfavorable case , the case of spinless fermions ( N=1 ) .	We recover the expected behavior , including transient ringing of the current in response to an abrupt change of bias .	We then apply the approach to the physical case of spinning electrons , N=2 , in the Kondo regime for the case of infinite intradot Coulomb repulsion .	In agreement with previous calculations based on the non-crossing approximation ( NCA ) , we find current oscillations associated with transitions between Kondo resonances situated at the Fermi levels of each lead .
+1	Besides the vacuum energy , various dark energy models have been suggested .	One of the greatest challenges in cosmology today is to determine the nature of dark energy , the sourse of the observed present acceleration of the Universe .	The Friedmann - Robertson - Walker ( FRW ) spacetime plays an important role in modern cosmology .	In particular , the most popular models of dark energy work in the FRW spacetime .	In this work , a new class of integrable FRW cosmological models is presented .
+4	In order to determine how much of the beam was quenched before reaching our detector , we devised a simple model for the quenching transition and investigated it for different laser powers .	We have used a commercial RF ion-source to extract a beam of metastable neon atoms .	The source was easily incorporated into our existing system and was operative within a day of installation .	The metastable velocity distribution , flux , flow , and efficiency were investigated for different RF powers and pressures , and an optimum was found at a flux density of $ 2\times10^ { 12 } \ , $ atoms/s/sr .	To obtain an accurate measurement of the amount of metastable atoms leaving the source , we insert a Faraday cup in the beam line and quench some of them using a weak $ 633\ , $ nm laser beam .
+2	The single particle excitation spectrum becomes gapped while at the same time the pair excitations are characterized by the narrow quasiparticle peak surrounded by the incoherent background .	We discuss the possible signatures of superfluidity induced by the Feshbach resonance in ultracold gas of fermion atoms .	Approaching the phase transition from above there appear various manifestations of the gradually emerging order parameter , but yet the long range coherence is not established due to strong quantum fluctuations .	This quasiparticle shows up certain collective features such as the remnant of the `` first sound '' which at Tc spreads down to low momenta .	Presence of this Goldstone mode is the most unambiguous proof for appearance of the superfluid state .
+2	A novel method to constrain PDF uncertainties in LHC observables , by effectively exploiting PDF-induced correlations with benchmark standard model cross sections , is presented .	The latest CTEQ6.6 parton distributions , obtained by global analysis of hard scattering data in the framework of general-mass perturbative QCD , are employed to study theoretical predictions and their uncertainties for significant processes at the Fermilab Tevatron and CERN Large Hadron Collider .	The previously observed increase in predicted cross sections for the standard-candle W and Z boson production processes in the general-mass scheme ( compared to those in the zero-mass scheme ) is further investigated and quantified .	Using this method , we show that the top-antitop pair cross section can potentially serve as a standard candle observable for the LHC processes dominated by initial-state gluon scattering .	Among other benefits , precise measurements of $ t\bar { t } $ cross sections would reduce PDF uncertainties in predictions for single-top quark and Higgs boson production in the standard model and minimal supersymmetric standard model .
+0	We present a lattice investigation of heavy-light mesons in the quenched approximation , using non-relativistic QCD for the heavy quark and a clover improved Wilson formulation for the light quark .	A comprehensive calculation of the heavy-light spectrum has been performed for various heavy quark masses around the $ b $ .	Our results for the $ B_s-B_d $ splitting agree well with the experimental value .	We find the $ \Lambda_b-B $ splitting to be compatible with experiment , albeit with large error bars .	Our $ B^*-B $ splitting is slightly low , which could be explained as an effect of quenching .
+0	It was first shown by Cameron and Ku that the group $ G=Sym ( n ) $ has the strict EKR property .	Then Godsil and Meagher presented an entirely different proof of this fact using some algebraic properties of the symmetric group .	A similar method was employed to prove that the projective general linear group $ PGL ( 2 , q ) $ , with its natural action on the projective line $ \mathbb { P } _q $ , has the strict EKR property .	The main objective in this thesis is to formally introduce this method , which we call the module method , and show that this provides a standard way to prove Erdos-Ko-Rado theorems for other permutation groups .	We then , along with proving Erdos-Ko-Rado theorems for various groups , use this method to prove some permutation groups have the strict EKR property .
+0	We present a comprehensive study of X-ray emission and wind properties of massive magnetic early B-type stars .	Dedicated XMM-Newton observations were obtained for three stars xi1 CMa , V2052 Oph , and zeta Cas .	We report the first detection of X-ray emission from V2052 Oph and zeta Cas .	The observations show that the X-ray spectra of our program stars are quite soft .	We compile the complete sample of early B-type stars with detected magnetic fields to date and existing X-ray measurements , in order to study whether the X-ray emission can be used as a general proxy for stellar magnetism .
+4	The corresponding generalized eigenvalue problem is solved numerically , providing in the present paper results for vanish ing magnetic quantum number M=0 and even or odd z-parity , each for both singlet and triplet spin symmetry .	We investigate the electronic structure of the helium atom in a magnetic field b etween B=0 and B=100a.u .	The atom is treated as a nonrelativistic system with two interactin g electrons and a fixed nucleus .	Scaling laws are provided connecting the fixed-nucleus Hamiltonia n to the one for the case of finite nuclear mass .	Respecting the symmetries of the electronic Ham iltonian in the presence of a magnetic field , we represent this Hamiltonian as a matrix with res pect to a two-particle basis composed of one-particle states of a Gaussian basis set .
+1	Our data reliably reach 27.5 R magnitude arcsec^ { -2 } , a significant improvement on our earlier deep CCD surface photometry of other galaxies .	We have obtained deep surface photometry of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4244 .	NGC 4244 is a nearby Scd galaxy whose total luminosity is approximately one magnitude fainter than the peak of the Sc luminosity function .	We find that it has a simple structure : a single exponential disk , with a scale height h_Z = 246 +/- 2 pc , a scale length h_R = 1.84 +/- 0.02 kpc and a disk cutoff at a radius R ( max ) = 10.0 kpc ( 5.4 scale lengths ) .	We confirm a strong cutoff in the stellar disk at R ( max ) , which happens over only 1 kpc .
+1	For p-p scattering the calculation in a three amplitude rescattering eikonal model , predicts the survival probability to be an order of magnitude smaller than for the two amplitude case .	Based on the calculation of survival probabilities , we discuss the problem of extracting the value of $ G_ { 3P } $ , the triple Pomeron 'bare ' coupling constant , by comparing the large rapidity gap single high mass diffraction data in proton-proton scattering and $ J/\Psi $ photo and DIS production .	The survival probabilities calculation for photo and DIS $ J/\Psi $ production is made in a dedicated model .	In this process we show that , even though its survival probability is considerably larger than in p-p scattering , its value is below unity and can not be neglected in the data analysis .	We argue that , regardless of the uncertainties in the suggested procedure , its outcome is important both with regards to a realistic estimate of $ G_ { 3P } $ , and the survival probabilities relevant to LHC experiments .
+1	The period of 154 ms and period derivative of 2.1 x 10^-14 s/s imply a spin-down age of 114 kyr that is smaller than 95 % of all known pulsars .	We discuss PSR J1740+1000 , one of five pulsars recently discovered in a search of 470 square degrees at 430 MHz during the upgrade of the 305-m Arecibo telescope .	The youth and proximity of this pulsar make it a good candidate for detection at X-ray and gamma-ray energies .	Its high Galactic latitude of 20.4 degrees suggests a very high velocity if the pulsar was born in the midplane of the Galaxy and if its kinematic age equals its spindown age .	Interstellar scintillations , however , suggest a much lower velocity .
+3	We then insert buoyant toroidal flux tubes near the bottom of the convecting envelope and simulate the rise of the flux tubes in the presence of the giant cell convection .	We describe a 3D finite-difference spherical anelastic MHD ( FSAM ) code for modeling the subsonic dynamic processes in the solar convective envelope .	A comparison of this code with the widely used global spectral anlastic MHD code , ASH ( Anelastic Spherical Harmonics ) , shows that FSAM produces convective flows with statistical properties and mean flows similar to the ASH results .	Using FSAM , we first simulate the rotating solar convection in a partial spherical shell domain and obtain a statistically steady , giant-cell convective flow with a solar-like differential rotation .	We find that for buoyant flux tubes with an initial field strength of 100 kG , the magnetic buoyancy largely determines the rise of the tubes although strong down flows produce significant undulation and distortion to the shape of the emerging $ \Omega $ -shaped loops .
+2	We show that the N_k form coherent sheaves on a certain nilpotent thickening of X , and that Zariski localization on X coincides with noncommutative localization of A .	The lower central series invariants M_k of an associative algebra A are the two-sided ideals generated by k-fold iterated commutators ; the M_k provide a filtration of A .	We study the relationship between the geometry of X = Spec A_ab and the associated graded components N_k of this filtration .	Under certain freeness assumptions on A , we give an alternative construction of N_k purely in terms of the geometry of X ( and in particular , independent of A ) .	Applying a construction of Kapranov , we exhibit the N_k as natural vector bundles on the category of smooth schemes .
+1	It is particulary useful for the identification of conserved quantities of a mechanical system .	The Hamilton-Jacobi theory is a formulation of Classical Mechanics equivalent to other formulations as Newton 's equations , Lagrangian or Hamiltonian Mechanics .	The primordial observation of a geometric Hamilton-Jacobi equation is that if a Hamiltonian vector field $ X_ { H } $ can be projected into the configuration manifold by means of a 1-form $ dW $ , then the integral curves of the projected vector field $ X_ { H } ^ { dW } $ can be transformed into integral curves of $ X_ { H } $ provided that $ W $ is a solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation .	This interpretation has been applied to multiple settings : in nonhonolomic , singular Lagrangian Mechanics and classical field theories .	Our aim is to apply the geometric Hamilton-Jacobi theory to systems endowed with a Nambu-Poisson structure .
+4	That yields various new spectral flow theorems .	First , we review the Dirac operator folklore about basic analytic and geometrical properties of operators of Dirac type on compact manifolds with smooth boundary and on closed partitioned manifolds and show how these properties depend on the construction of a canonical invertible double and are related to the concept of the Calderon projection .	Then we summarize a recent construction of a canonical invertible double for general first order elliptic differential operators over smooth compact manifolds with boundary .	We derive a natural formula for the Calderon projection which yields a generalization of the famous Cobordism Theorem .	We provide a list of assumptions to obtain a continuous variation of the Calderon projection under smooth variation of the coefficients .
+2	In addition , unless the effective temperature quoted by the authors is a drastic underestimate , the luminosity is much too low for it to be a cluster member in the post-AGB phase .	The blue star reported in the field of the young LMC cluster NGC1818 by Elson et al .	( 1998 ) has the wrong luminosity and radius to be a `` luminous white dwarf '' member of the cluster .	Other possibilities , including that of binary evolution , are briefly discussed .	However , the implication that the massive main sequence turnoff stars in this cluster can produce white dwarfs ( instead of neutron stars ) from single-star evolution needs to be reconsidered .
+3	Near bifurcation , where the lifetime becomes relatively short , the system exhibits strong amplification of a weak input modulation signal .	We study thermal instability in NbN superconducting stripline resonators .	The system exhibits extreme nonlinearity near a bifurcation , which separates a monostable zone and an astable one .	The lifetime of the metastable state , which is locally stable in the monostable zone , is measure near the bifurcation and the results are compared with a theory .	We find that the frequency bandwidth of this amplification mechanism is limited by the rate of thermal relaxation .
+2	This paper introduces the Evolving Graph Markup Language ( EGML ) , an XML application for representing evolving graphs and related results .	The study of evolution of networks has received increased interest with the recent discovery that many real-world networks possess many things in common , in particular the manner of evolution of such networks .	By adding a dimension of time to graph analysis , evolving graphs present opportunities and challenges to extract valuable information .	Along with EGML , a software tool is provided for the study of evolving graphs .	New evolving graph drawing techniques based on the force-directed graph layout algorithm are also explored .
+1	Adding this information , as is done for missing momentum significance , can only improve the power of existing techniques .	Many particle physics analyses which need to discriminate some background process from a signal ignore event-by-event resolutions of kinematic variables .	We therefore propose the use of significance variables which combine kinematic information with event-by-event resolutions .	We begin by giving some explicit examples of constructing optimal significance variables .	Then , we consider three applications : new heavy gauge bosons , Higgs to $ \tau\tau $ , and direct stop squark pair production .
+0	We present the identification of the companion star to the intermediate mass binary pulsar J1439-5501 obtained by means of ground-based deep images in the B , V and I bands , acquired with FORS2 mounted at the ESO-VLT .	The companion is a massive white dwarf ( WD ) with B=23.57+-0.02 , V=23.21+-0.01 and I=22.96+-0.01 , located at only ~0.05 '' from the pulsar radio position .	Comparing the WD location in the ( B , B-V ) and ( V , V-I ) Color-Magnitude diagrams with theoretical cooling sequences we derived a range of plausible combinations of companion masses ( 1 & lt ; ~Mcom & lt ; ~1.3 Msun ) , distances ( d & lt ; ~1200 pc ) , radii ( & lt ; ~7.8 10^3 Rsun ) and temperatures ( T=31350^ { +21500 } _ { -7400 } ) .	From the PSR mass function and the estimated mass range we also constrained the inclination angle i & gt ; ~ 55 degrees and the pulsar mass ( Mpsr & lt ; ~2.2 Msun ) .	The comparison between the WD cooling age and the spin down age suggests that the latter is overestimated by a factor of about ten .
+0	Rule based reasoning ( RBR ) and case based reasoning ( CBR ) have emerged as two important and complementary reasoning methodologies in artificial intelligence ( Al ) .	For problem solving in complex , real world situations , it is useful to integrate RBR and CBR .	This paper presents an approach to achieve a compact and seamless integration of RBR and CBR within the base architecture of rules .	The paper focuses on the possibilistic nature of the approximate reasoning methodology common to both CBR and RBR .	In CBR , the concept of similarity is casted as the complement of the distance between cases .
+3	For this generalized universal scheme , upper bounds are derived on the redundancies , defined as the differences between the actual rates and the closest corresponding rates on the boundary of the rate region .	We consider the multi-user lossy source-coding problem for continuous alphabet sources .	In a previous work , Ziv proposed a single-user universal coding scheme which uses uniform quantization with dither , followed by a lossless source encoder ( entropy coder ) .	In this paper , we generalize Ziv 's scheme to the multi-user setting .	It is shown that this scheme can achieve redundancies of no more than 0.754 bits per sample for each user .
+0	We use the 4Ms CDF-S survey to place direct X-ray constraints on the ubiquity of z~2 heavily obscured AGNs in K & lt ; 22 BzK galaxies .	Forty seven of the 222 BzK galaxies in the central region of the CDF-S are detected at X-ray energies , 11 of which have hard X-ray spectral slopes ( Gamma & lt ; 1 ) indicating the presence of heavily obscured AGN activity .	The other 36 X-ray detected BzK galaxies appear to be relatively unobscured AGNs and starburst galaxies ; we use X-ray variability analyses over a rest-frame baseline of ~3 years to further confirm the presence of AGN activity in many of these systems .	The majority ( 7 out of 11 ) of the heavily obscured AGNs have excess IR emission over that expected from star formation ( termed `` IR-excess galaxies '' ) .	However , we find that X-ray detected heavily obscured AGNs only comprise ~25 % of the IR-excess galaxy population , which is otherwise composed of relatively unobscured AGNs and starburst galaxies .
+4	It is shown that a small cluster size ( about 7 cells ) is sufficient to obtain most of the sum rate benefits from clustered coordination while greatly relieving channel feedback requirement .	A clustered base transceiver station ( BTS ) coordination strategy is proposed for a large cellular MIMO network , which includes full intra-cluster coordination to enhance the sum rate and limited inter-cluster coordination to reduce interference for the cluster edge users .	Multi-cell block diagonalization is used to coordinate the transmissions across multiple BTSs in the same cluster .	To satisfy per-BTS power constraints , three combined precoder and power allocation algorithms are proposed with different performance and complexity tradeoffs .	For inter-cluster coordination , the coordination area is chosen to balance fairness for edge users and the achievable sum rate .
+0	We study contact structures compatible with genus one open book decompositions with one boundary component .	Any monodromy for such an open book can be written as a product of Dehn twists around dual non-separating curves in the once-punctured torus .	Given such a product , we supply an algorithm to determine whether the corresponding contact structure is tight or overtwisted .	We rely on Ozsv { \'a } th-Szab { \'o } Heegaard Floer homology in our construction and , in particular , we completely identify the $ L $ -spaces with genus one , one boundary component , pseudo-Anosov open book decompositions .	Lastly , we reveal a new infinite family of hyperbolic three-manifolds with no co-orientable taut foliations , extending the family discovered in \cite { RSS } .
+2	However , for individual pulses the shape and arrival phase can vary dramatically , which is known as pulse jitter .	Millisecond pulsars ( MSPs ) have been studied in detail since their discovery in 1982 .	The integrated pulse profiles of MSPs appear to be stable , which enables precision monitoring of the pulse times of arrival ( TOAs ) .	In this paper , we investigate the stability of integrated pulse profiles for 5 MSPs , and estimate the amount of jitter for PSR J0437-4715 .	We do not detect intrinsic profile shape variation based on integration times from ~10 to ~100 s with the provided instrumental sensitivity .
+1	Later Miller [ 17 ] showed that prefix complexity K can also be used in a similar way : a sequence is 2-random if and only if it has infinitely many initial segments with O ( 1 ) -maximal prefix complexity ( which is n + K ( n ) for strings of length n ) .	Joseph Miller [ 16 ] and independently Andre Nies , Frank Stephan and Sebastiaan Terwijn [ 18 ] gave a complexity characterization of 2-random sequences in terms of plain Kolmogorov complexity C : they are sequences that have infinitely many initial segments with O ( 1 ) -maximal plain complexity ( among the strings of the same length ) .	The known proofs of these results are quite involved ; in this paper we provide simple direct proofs for both of them .	In [ 16 ] Miller also gave a quantitative version of the first result : the 0'-randomness deficiency of a sequence { \omega } equals lim inf [ n - C ( { \omega } 1 ...	{ \omega } n ) ] + O ( 1 ) .
+1	It is found that nitrogen molecule is adsorbed while standing perpendicular to the triangular surface of ruthenium .	Density-functional-theory calculations for the adsorption of molecular nitrogen on ruthenium surface are reported .	The doping by K atoms favours the adsorption of molecular nitrogen .	The calculation of the adsorption energy has also been performed on iron and osmium clusters which shows that ruthenium adsorbs better than iron or osmium .	It is found that potential for atomic nitrogen is deeper and more stable than that of molecular nitrogen and hence atomic nitrogen is important for catalysis .
+1	Periodic variations in a two-dimensional parameter space are shown to lead to quantized transport through the lattice .	We discuss an open-system analogue of a topological Thouless pump in the steady state of a one-dimensional spin lattice driven by Markovian reservoirs .	On an extremal path in parameter space the steady state is pure state and coincides with the ground state of the Rice-Mele Hamiltonian for fermions at half filling .	Here the quantized transport can be associated with a topological invariant based on geometric phases , the Chern number .	On a more general path , where the steady state is mixed , we introduce the winding of the many-body polarization as a generalized topological invariant .
+4	The radial number density profile of the model satellites , as well as their gas fractions also match observations very well .	We investigate the properties of satellite galaxies formed in N-body/SPH simulations of galaxy formation in the $ \Lambda $ CDM cosmology .	The simulations include the main physical effects thought to be important in galaxy formation and , in several cases , produce realistic spiral discs .	In total , a sample of 9 galaxies of luminosity comparable to the Milky Way was obtained .	At magnitudes brighter than the resolution limit , $ M_V=-12 $ , the luminosity function of the satellite galaxies in the simulations is in excellent agreement with data for the Local Group .
+4	For the Gamma distribution it is possible to calculate the entropy in a closed form , depending on $ p_l $ , and to obtain then an equation relating $ p_l $ with $ \beta E_l $ .	Systems with a long-term stationary state that possess as a spatio-temporally fluctuation quantity $ \beta $ can be described by a superposition of several statistics , a `` super statistics '' .	We consider first , the Gamma , log-normal and $ F $ -distributions of $ \beta $ .	It is assumed that they depend only on $ p_l $ , the probability associated with the microscopic configuration of the system .	For each of the three $ \beta- $ distributions we calculate the Boltzmann factors and show that they coincide for small variance of the fluctuations .
+3	Upon inspecting theoretical stability of the models on the given background , we find non-trivial parameter spaces that we translate into viability priors .	We introduce EFTCAMB/EFTCosmoMC as publicly available patches to the commonly used CAMB/CosmoMC codes .	We briefly describe the structure of the codes , their applicability and main features .	To illustrate the use of these patches , we obtain constraints on parametrized pure EFT and designer $ f ( R ) $ models , both on $ \Lambda $ CDM and $ w $ CDM background expansion histories , using data from Planck temperature and lensing potential spectra , WMAP low- $ \ell $ polarization spectra ( WP ) , and baryon acoustic oscillation ( BAO ) .	We use different combinations of data sets to show their individual effects on cosmological and model parameters .
+4	Our calculations reproduce some of the key experimental observations related to many-body effects , including the indication of a mismatch between the upper and lower halves of the Dirac cone .	Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( ARPES ) is a powerful experimental technique for directly probing electron dynamics in solids .	The energy vs. momentum dispersion relations and the associated spectral broadenings measured by ARPES provide a wealth of information on quantum many-body interaction effects .	In particular , ARPES allows studies of the Coulomb interaction among electrons ( electron-electron interactions ) and the interaction between electrons and lattice vibrations ( electron-phonon interactions ) .	Here , we report ab initio simulations of the ARPES spectra of graphene including both electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions on the same footing .
+2	Through the plasmonic polaron model , we predict the complete spectral functions and the effects of electron-plasmon coupling for Si , Ge , GaAs , and diamond .	We investigate the spectroscopic fingerprints of electron-plasmon coupling in integrated ( PES ) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( ARPES ) .	To account for electron-plasmon interactions at a reduced computational cost , we derived the plasmonic polaron model , an approach based on the cumulant expansion of many-body perturbation theory that circumvents the calculation of the GW self-energy .	Si , Ge , and GaAs exhibit well-defined plasmonic polaron band structures , i.e. , broadened replica of the valence bands redshifted by the plasmon energy .	Based on these results , ( i ) we assign the structures of the plasmon satellite of silicon ( as revealed by PES experiments ) to plasmonic Van Hove singularities occurring at the L , $ \Omega $ , and X high-symmetry points and ( ii ) we predict the ARPES signatures of electron-plasmon coupling for Si , Ge , GaAs , and diamond .
+1	It is of interest to determine the hitting distributions $ v_ { { \bf x } } ( \cdot ) = { \mathbb { P } } _ { { \bf x } } \ { \lim_ { n \rightarrow \infty } Z_n \in \cdot\ } $ induced on $ K $ .	In \cite { [ K ] } , Kaimanovich defined an augmented rooted tree $ ( X , E ) $ corresponding to the Sierpinski gasket $ K $ , and showed that the Martin boundary of the simple random walk $ \ { Z_n\ } $ on it is homeomorphic to $ K $ .	Using a reflection principle based on the symmetries of $ K $ , we show that if the walk starts at the root of $ ( X , E ) $ , the hitting distribution is exactly the normalized Hausdorff measure $ \mu $ on $ K $ .	In particular , each $ v_ { { \bf x } } $ , $ { \bf x } \in X $ , is absolutely continuous with respect to $ \mu $ .	This answers a question of Kaimanovich [ K , Problem 4.14 ] .
+3	Combining the dynamical mean-field self-energy with the nonlocal component of GW in GW+DMFT yields improved results for the local self-energy and nonlocal self-energies of the correct order of magnitude , but here , too , a more reliable scheme is obtained by restricting the nonlocal contribution to the second order diagram .	We study the two-dimensional Hubbard model in the weak-coupling regime and compare the self-energy obtained from various approximate diagrammatic schemes to the result of diagrammatic Monte Carlo simulations , which sum up all weak-coupling diagrams up to a given order .	While dynamical mean-field theory provides a good approximation for the local part of the self-energy , including its frequency dependence , the partial summation of bubble and/or ladder diagrams typically yields worse results than second order perturbation theory .	Even widely used self-consistent schemes such as GW or the fluctuation-exchange approximation ( FLEX ) are found to be unreliable .	FLEX+DMFT is found to give accurate results in the low-density regime , but even worse results than FLEX near half-filling .
+2	In this paper we study not only the eigenvalues of the full matrix , but also the eigenvalues of all the principal minors .	Consider an $ n\times n $ Hermitean matrix valued stochastic process $ \ { H_t\ } _ { t\geq 0 } $ where the matrix elements evolve according to Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes .	It is well known that the eigenvalues perform a so called Dyson Brownian motion , that is they behave as Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes conditioned never to intersect .	That is , the eigenvalues of the $ k\times k $ in the upper left corner of $ H_t $ .	If you project this process to a space-like path it is a determinantal process and we compute the kernel .
+2	We find that simple Newtonian arguments overestimate the amount of matter needed to explain these curves by more than 30 % .	Exact stationary axially symmetric solutions of the 4D Einstein equations with corotating pressureless perfect fluid sources are studied .	A particular solution with approximately flat rotation curve is discussed in some detail .	The crucial insight gained by this model is that the Newtonian approximation breaks down globally , even though it is valid locally everywhere .	No conflict with solar system tests arises .
+1	Due to the lack of experimental studies on the nature of the external cavity semiconductor lasers , there is a need to theoretically clarify laser dynamics .	Dynamics of external cavity semiconductor lasers is known to be a complex and uncontrollable phenomenon .	The stability of laser dynamics in the present paper , is analyzed through plotting the Lyapunov exponent spectra , bifurcation diagrams , phase portrait and electric field intensity time series .	The analysis is preformed with respect to applied feedback phase $ C_p $ , feedback strength $ \eta $ and the pump current of the laser .	The main argument of the paper is to show that the laser dynamics can not be accounted for through simply a bifurcation diagram and single-control parameter .
+3	So X_ { A , s } ^i = X_ { A , d } ^i is a good approximation by now .	Motivated by the possible large annihilation contributions implied by recent CDF and LHCb measurements on nonleptonic annihilation B meson decays , and the refined experimental measurements on hadronic B meson decays , we study the strength of annihilation contributions within QCD factorization ( QCDF ) in this paper .	With the available measurements of two-body B_ { u , d , s } - & gt ; pi pi , pi K , K K decays , a comprehensive fit on the phenomenological parameters X_A^ { i , f } ( or rho_A^ { i , f } and phi_A^ { i , f } ) which are used to parameterize the endpoint singularity in annihilation amplitudes is performed with the statistical chi^2 approach .	It is found that ( 1 ) flavor symmetry breaking effects are hardly to be distinguished between X_ { A , s } ^i and X_ { A , d } ^i due to the large experimental errors and theoretical uncertainties , where X_ { A , s } ^i and X_ { A , d } ^i are related to the nonfactorization annihilation contributions in B_s and B_ { u , d } decays , respectively .	( 2 ) In principle , parameter X_ { A } ^f which is related to the factorization annihilation contributions and independent of the initial state can be regarded as the same variable for B_ { u , d , s } decays .
+2	These moving anchors travels across the network field and broadcast their current locations on specified intervals .	In this paper , we propose an efficient range free localization scheme for large scale three dimensional wireless sensor networks .	Our system environment consists of two type of sensors , randomly deployed static sensors and global positioning system equipped moving sensors .	As soon as the sensors which are deployed in random fashion receives three beacon messages ( known locations broadcasted by anchors ) , they computes their locations automatically by using our proposed algorithm .	One of our significant contributions is , we use only three different beacon messages to localize one sensor , while in the best of our knowledge , all previously proposed methods use at least four different known locations .
+0	The development of concurrent applications is challenging because of the complexity of concurrent designs and the hazards of concurrent programming .	Architectural modeling using the Unified Modeling Language ( UML ) can support the development process , but the problem of mapping the model to a concurrent implementation remains .	This paper addresses this problem by defining a scheme to map concurrent UML designs to a concurrent object-oriented program .	Using the COMET method for the architectural design of concurrent object-oriented systems , each component and connector is annotated with a stereotype indicating its behavioral design pattern .	For each of these patterns , a reference implementation is provided using SCOOP , a concurrent object-oriented programming model .
+2	We quantify timing mismatches in three ways : ( 1 ) the maximal timing mismatch that can arise , ( 2 ) the `` steady-state '' maximal timing mismatches , where initial transient timing mismatches are ignored ; and ( 3 ) the ( long-run ) average timing mismatches amongst two systems .	We introduce quantatitive timed refinement and timed simulation ( directed ) metrics , incorporating zenoness check s , for timed systems .	These metrics assign positive real numbers between zero and infinity which quantify the \emph { timing mismatches } between two timed systems , amongst non-zeno runs .	These three kinds of mismatches constitute three important types of timing differences .	Our event times are the \emph { global times } , measured from the start of the system execution , not just the time durations of individual steps .
+1	EFS supports secure storage at the system level through a standard UNIX file system interface to encrypted files .	The Encrypted File System ( EFS ) pushes encryption services into the file system itself .	User can associate a cryptographic key with the directories they wish to protect .	Files in these directories ( as well as their pathname components ) are transparently encrypted and decrypted with the specified key without further user intervention ; clear text is never stored on a disk or sent to a remote file server .	EFS can use any available file system for its underlying storage without modifications , including remote file servers such as NFS .
+0	We focus on the problem of performing random walks efficiently in a distributed network .	Given bandwidth constraints , the goal is to minimize the number of rounds required to obtain a random walk sample .	We first present a fast sublinear time distributed algorithm for performing random walks whose time complexity is sublinear in the length of the walk .	Our algorithm performs a random walk of length $ \ell $ in $ \tilde { O } ( \sqrt { \ell D } ) $ rounds ( with high probability ) on an undirected network , where $ D $ is the diameter of the network .	This improves over the previous best algorithm that ran in $ \tilde { O } ( \ell^ { 2/3 } D^ { 1/3 } ) $ rounds ( Das Sarma et al. , PODC 2009 ) .
+4	In doing so we verify a 1986 conjecture of Rushanan .	Let $ R_ { n } $ denote the graph with vertex set consisting of the squares of an $ n \times n $ grid , with two squares of the grid adjacent when they lie in the same row or column .	This is the square rook 's graph , and can also be thought of as the Cartesian product of two complete graphs of order $ n $ , or the line graph of the complete bipartite graph $ K_ { n , n } $ .	In this paper we compute the Smith group and critical group of the graph $ R_ { n } $ and its complement .	This is equivalent to determining the Smith normal form of both the adjacency and Laplacian matrix of each of these graphs .
+0	The flat , homogeneous , and isotropic universe with a massless scalar field is a paradigmatic model in Loop Quantum Cosmology .	In spite of the prominent role that the model has played in the development of this branch of physics , there still remain some aspects of its quantization which deserve a more detailed discussion .	These aspects include the kinematical resolution of the cosmological singularity , the precise relation between the solutions of the densitized and non-densitized versions of the quantum Hamiltonian constraint , the possibility of identifying superselection sectors which are as simple as possible , and a clear comprehension of the Wheeler-DeWitt ( WDW ) limit associated with the theory in those sectors .	We propose an alternative operator to represent the Hamiltonian constraint which is specially suitable to deal with these issues in a satisfactory way .	In particular , with our constraint operator , the singularity decouples in the kinematical Hilbert space and can be removed already at this level .
+0	Critical embedded systems have to provide a high level of dependability .	In automotive domain , for example , TDMA protocols are largely recommended because of their deterministic behavior .	Nevertheless , under the transient environmental perturbations , the loss of communication cycles may occur with a certain probability and , consequently , the system may fail .	This paper analyzes the impact of the transient perturbations ( especially due to Electromagnetic Interferences ) on the dependability of systems distributed on TDMA-based networks .	The dependability of such system is modeled as that of `` consecutive-k-out-of-n : F '' systems and we provide a efficient way for its evaluation .
+4	The equations of gravitational fields satisfying this principle are obtained , by setting four auxiliary constraints on $ \delta g^ { \mu\nu } $ to extract six degrees of freedom for gravity .	Deriving the Einstein field equations ( EFE ) with matter fluid from the action principle is not straightforward , because mass conservation must be added as an additional constraint to make rest-frame mass density variable in reaction to metric variation .	This can be avoided by introducing a constraint $ \delta ( \sqrt { -g } ) = 0 $ to metric variations $ \delta g^ { \mu\nu } $ , and then the cosmological constant $ \Lambda $ emerges as an integration constant .	This is a removal of one of the four constraints on initial conditions forced by EFE at the birth of the universe , and it may imply that EFE are unnecessarily restrictive about initial conditions .	I then adopt a principle that the theory of gravity should be able to solve time evolution starting from arbitrary inhomogeneous initial conditions about spacetime and matter .
+4	Our measurements are most consistent with an atmospheric profile devoid of enhanced TiO opacity , previously predicted to be present for this planet .	We present ground-based high-precision observations of the transit of WASP-17b using the multi-band photometer ULTRACAM on ESO 's NTT in the context of performing transmission spectrophotometry of this highly inflated exoplanet .	Our choice of filters ( SDSS u ' , g ' and r ' bands ) is designed to probe for the presence of opacity sources in the upper atmosphere .	We find evidence for a wavelength dependence in the planet radius in the form of enhanced absorption in the SDSS r ' band , consistent with a previously detected broad sodium feature .	We present a new independent measurement of the planetary radius at Rpl = 1.97 +/- 0.06 Rjup , which confirms this planet as the most inflated exoplanet known to date .
+1	The surface to be investigated is a super-polished face of a glass Dove prism mounted in a glass cell under ultra-high vacuum ( UHV ) .	We present an apparatus designed for studies of atom-surface interactions using quantum degenerate gases of $ ^ { 85 } $ Rb and $ ^ { 87 } $ Rb in the vicinity of a room temperature dielectric surface .	To maintain excellent optical access to the region surrounding the surface magnetic transport is used to deliver ultracold atoms from a separate vacuum chamber housing the magneto-optical trap ( MOT ) .	We present a detailed description of the vacuum apparatus highlighting the novel design features ; a low profile MOT chamber and the inclusion of an obstacle in the transport path .	We report the characterization and optimization of the magnetic transport around the obstacle , achieving transport efficiencies of 70 % with negligible heating .
+4	We compare our results to the best theoretical and experimental results available and find excellent agreement .	In this work we develop tools that enable the study of non-adiabatic effects with variational and diffusion Monte Carlo methods .	We introduce a highly accurate wave function ansatz for electron-ion systems that can involve a combination of both fixed and quantum ions .	We explicitly calculate the ground state energies of H $ _ { 2 } $ , LiH , H $ _ { 2 } $ O and FHF $ ^ { - } $ using fixed-node quantum Monte Carlo with wave function nodes that explicitly depend on the ion positions .	The obtained energies implicitly include the effects arising from quantum nuclei and electron-nucleus coupling .
+1	We give an algorithm that finds a coloring with discrepancy $ O ( ( t \log n \log s ) ^ { 1/2 } ) $ where $ s $ is the maximum cardinality of a set .	We consider the problem of finding a low discrepancy coloring for sparse set systems where each element lies in at most $ t $ sets .	This improves upon the previous constructive bound of $ O ( t^ { 1/2 } \log n ) $ based on algorithmic variants of the partial coloring method , and for small $ s $ ( e.g. $ s=\textrm { poly } ( t ) $ ) comes close to the non-constructive $ O ( ( t \log n ) ^ { 1/2 } ) $ bound due to Banaszczyk .	Previously , no algorithmic results better than $ O ( t^ { 1/2 } \log n ) $ were known even for $ s = O ( t^2 ) $ .	Our method is quite robust and we give several refinements and extensions .
+0	I calculate the contribution of Bremsstrahlung emission from Lyman-alpha absorption clouds to the brightness of the microwave sky .	The calculation is based only on the assumption that the clouds below the Lyman-limit are in photoionization equilibrium with a UV background radiation , and avoids any uncertainty about the clumpiness of the gas .	I predict a minimum fluctuation amplitude in the Rayleigh-Jeans regime of DeltaT/T = 10^ { -5.5+-0.4 } *J_21* ( L/5cm ) ^2 , which varies over characteristic angular scales of 1-100 '' , where L is the observed wavelength and J_21 is a weighted redshift average of the UV background intensity at the Lyman-limit in units of 10^ { -21 } erg cm^ { -2 } s^ { -1 } Hz^ { -1 } sr^ { -1 } .	Detection of this signal can be used to map the intergalactic hydrogen distribution and to calibrate the UV background at high redshifts .	Existing VLA observations constrain J_21 & lt ; 10^ { 1.3+-0.4 } , unless some of the extended flat-spectrum sources which were detected are Lyman-alpha absorption systems .
+3	Our results are in good agreement with experimental data and are able to reproduce some features which so far were not reproduced by simulations .	By means of molecular dynamics simulations based on the Billeter et al .	[ S. R. Billeter , A. Curioni , D. Fischer , and W. Andreoni , Phys.Rev .	B { \bf 73 } , 155329 ] environment-dependent classical force field we studied the structural features of SiN $ _x $ samples at various stoichiometries .	In particular , we identified units containing N -- N bonds , which are thought to be responsible for an unassigned peak in the radial distribution function obtained from neutron diffraction data and signals observed in electron spin resonance , X-ray photoemission spectroscopy , electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and optical absorption experiments .
+4	The maximum likelihood estimates are derived and a hypothesis testing procedure is proposed .	Single subject or n-of-1 research designs have been widely used to evaluate treatment interventions .	Many statistical procedures such as split-middle trend lines , regression trend line , Shewart-chart trend line , binomial tests , randomization tests and Tryon C-statistics have been used to analyze single-subject data , but they fail to control Type I error due to serially-dependent time-series observations .	The interrupted time series analysis maintains Type I error but assumes that the intervention effect to be a linear trend change from baseline .	In this paper , we consider an improved intervention analysis model ( Box and Tiao , 1975 ) for dynamic characteristics of an intervention effect in a short series of single-subject data .
+2	By adopting the canonical model for quiescent spectrum of soft X-ray transients , i.e.an absorbed neutron star atmosphere model plus a power law tail , Rutledge et al .	A moderate level of variability has been detected in the quiescent luminosity of several neutron star soft X-ray transients .	Spectral variability was first revealed by Chandra observations of Aql X-1 in the four months that followed the 2000 X-ray outburst .	( 2002a ) concluded that the observed spectral variations can be ascribed to temperature variations of the neutron star atmosphere .	These results can hardly be reconciled with the neutron star cooling that is expected to take place in between outbursts ( after deep crustal heating in the accretion phase ) .
+3	As an application we show a Heegaard Floer theoretical criterion for bounding the splitting number of links .	An immersed concordance between two links is a concordance with possible self-intersections .	Given an immersed concordance we construct a smooth four-dimensional cobordism between surgeries on links .	By applying $ d $ -invariant inequalities for this cobordism we obtain inequalities between the $ H $ -functions of links , which can be extracted from the link Floer homology package .	The criterion is especially effective for L-space links , and we present an infinite family of L-space links with vanishing linking numbers and arbitrary large splitting numbers .
+1	We focus on two applications involving the classification of mouse vertebrae shape outlines and the alignment of mass spectrometry data in proteomics .	Bayesian analysis of functions and curves is considered , where warping and other geometrical transformations are often required for meaningful comparisons .	The functions and curves of interest are represented using the recently introduced square root velocity function , which enables a warping invariant elastic distance to be calculated in a straightforward manner .	We distinguish between various spaces of interest : the original space , the ambient space after standardizing , and the quotient space after removing a group of transformations .	Using Gaussian process models in the ambient space and Dirichlet priors for the warping functions , we explore Bayesian inference for curves and functions .
+2	For T much larger than T_c our results match on to the known perturbative result , which exhibits Casimir Scaling , being proportional to k ( N-k ) .	We perform lattice calculations of the spatial 't Hooft k-string tensions in the deconfined phase of SU ( N ) gauge theories for N=2,3,4,6 .	These equal ( up to a factor of T ) the surface tensions of the domain walls between the corresponding ( Euclidean ) deconfined phases .	At lower T the coupling becomes stronger and , not surprisingly , our calculations show large deviations from the perturbative T-dependence .	Despite this we find that the behaviour proportional to k ( N-k ) persists very accurately down to temperatures very close to T_c .
+3	In the present work , equations for the single and double excitation coefficients of the Dirac-Fock wave function , including all non-linear coupled-cluster terms that contribute at the single-double level are worked out .	A relativistic version of the coupled-cluster single-double ( CCSD ) method is developed for atoms with a single valence electron .	In earlier work , a linearized version of the CCSD method ( with extensions to include a dominant class of triple excitations ) led to accurate predictions for energies , transition amplitudes , hyperfine constants , and other properties of monovalent atoms .	Further progress in high-precision atomic structure calculations for heavy atoms calls for improvement of the linearized coupled-cluster methodology .	Contributions of the non-linear terms to energies , electric-dipole matrix elements , and hyperfine constants of low-lying states in alkali-metal atoms from Li to Cs are evaluated and the results are compared with other calculations and with precise experiments .
+0	The topology of entanglement in multipartite states with translational invariance is discussed in this article .	Two global features are foundby which one can distinguish distinct states .	These are the cyclic unit and the quantised geometric phase .	Furthermore the topology is indicated by the fractional spin .	Finally a scheme is presented for preparation of these types of states in spin chain systems , in which the degeneracy of the energy levels characterises the robustness of the states with translational invariance .
+4	In addition , an adaptive group lasso method is derived using the framework .	Variable selection techniques have become increasingly popular amongst statisticians due to an increased number of regression and classification applications involving high-dimensional data where we expect some predictors to be unimportant .	In this context , Bayesian variable selection techniques involving Markov chain Monte Carlo exploration of the posterior distribution over models can be prohibitively computationally expensive and so there has been attention paid to quasi-Bayesian approaches such as maximum a posteriori ( MAP ) estimation using priors that induce sparsity in such estimates .	We focus on this latter approach , expanding on the hierarchies proposed to date to provide a Bayesian interpretation and generalization of state-of-the-art penalized optimization approaches and providing simultaneously a natural way to include prior information about parameters within this framework .	We give examples of how to use this hierarchy to compute MAP estimates for linear and logistic regression as well as sparse precision-matrix estimates in Gaussian graphical models .
+0	We review the interplay of frustration and strong electronic correlations in quasi-two-dimensional organic charge transfer salts , such as k- ( BEDT-TTF ) _2X and Et_nMe_ { 4-n } Pn [ Pd ( dmit ) 2 ] 2 .	These two forces drive a range of exotic phases including spin liquids , valence bond crystals , pseudogapped metals , and unconventional superconductivity .	Of particular interest is that in several materials there is a direct transition as a function of pressure from a spin liquid Mott insulating state to a superconducting state .	Experiments on these materials raise a number of profound questions about the quantum behaviour of frustrated systems , particularly the intimate connection between spin liquids and superconductivity .	Insights into these questions have come from a wide range of theoretical techniques including first principles electronic structure , quantum many-body theory and quantum field theory .
+4	We also demonstrate the practical applicability of our method through a simulation study and a data example from econometrics .	We consider quasi maximum likelihood ( QML ) estimation for general non-Gaussian discrete-ime linear state space models and equidistantly observed multivariate L\'evy-driven continuoustime autoregressive moving average ( MCARMA ) processes .	In the discrete-time setting , we prove strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the QML estimator under standard moment assumptions and a strong-mixing condition on the output process of the state space model .	In the second part of the paper , we investigate probabilistic and analytical properties of equidistantly sampled continuous-time state space models and apply our results from the discrete-time setting to derive the asymptotic properties of the QML estimator of discretely recorded MCARMA processes .	Under natural identifiability conditions , the estimators are again consistent and asymptotically normally distributed for any sampling frequency .
+0	We classify up to conjugacy the subgroups of certain types in the full , in the affine , and in the special affine Cremona groups .	We prove that the normalizers of these subgroups are algebraic .	As an application , we obtain new results in the Linearization Problem generalizing to disconnected groups Bia\lynicki-Birula 's results of 1966-67 .	We prove `` fusion theorems '' for $ n $ -dimensional tori in the affine and in the special affine Cremona groups of rank $ n $ .	In the final section we introduce and discuss the notions of Jordan decomposition and torsion primes for the Cremona groups .
+4	We construct an extension of the MFV two scalar doublet model where this occurs naturally .	The DO collaboration has measured a deviation from the standard model ( SM ) prediction in the like sign dimuon asymmetry in semileptonic b decay with a significance of 3.2 sigma .	We discuss how minimal flavour violating ( MFV ) models with multiple scalar representations can lead to this deviation through tree level exchanges of new MFV scalars .	We review how the two scalar doublet model can accommodate this result and discuss some of its phenomenology .	Limits on electric dipole moments suggest that in this model the coupling of the charged scalar to the right handed u-type quarks is suppressed while its coupling to the d-type right handed quarks must be enhanced .
+0	The time-averaged 30 ks Chandra HETGS observation of the micro-quasar GRS 1915+105 in the low hard state reveals for the first time in this source neutral K absorption edges from Fe , Si , Mg , & amp ; S. Ionized resonance absorption from H- , and He-like Fe ( XXV , XXVI ) , Ca XX and possibly emission from neutral Fe Kalpha and ionized Fe XXV ( forbidden , or the resonance emission component of a P-Cygni profile ) are also seen .	We report the tentative detection of the first astrophysical signature of XAFS in the photoelectric edge of Si ( and possibly Fe and Mg ) , attributed to material in grains .	The large column densities measured from the neutral edges reveal anomalous Si and Fe abundances .	Scenarios for which the anomalous abundances can be attributed to surrounding cold material associated with GRS 1915+105 and/or that the enrichment may signify either a highly unusual supernova/hypernova , or external supernova activity local to the binary are discussed .	We attribute the ionized features to a hot disk , disk-wind , or corona environment .
+4	We prove the existence of a family of periodic solutions $ z^r ( t ) $ , $ 0 & lt ; r & lt ; r_0 $ , with arbitrarily small minimal period $ T_r\to0 $ as $ r\to0 $ .	We investigate the existence of collision-free nonconstant periodic solutions of the $ N $ -vortex problem in domains $ \Omega\subset\mathbb { C } $ .	These are solutions $ z ( t ) = ( z_1 ( t ) , \dots , z_N ( t ) ) $ of the first order Hamiltonian system \ [ \dot { z } _k ( t ) =-i\nabla_ { z_k } H_\Omega\big ( z ( t ) \big ) , \quad k=1 , \dots , N , \ ] where the Hamiltonian $ H_\Omega $ has the form \ [ H_\Omega ( z_1 , \dots , z_N ) = \frac1 { 2\pi } \sum_ { { j , k=1 } \atop { j\ne k } } ^N \log\frac1 { |z_j-z_k| } - F ( z ) .	\ ] The function $ F : \Omega^N\to\mathbb { R } $ depends on the regular part of the hydrodynamic Green 's function and is unbounded from above .	The Hamiltonian is unbounded from above and below , it is singular , not integrable , energy surfaces are not compact and not known to be of contact type .
+2	Their radio-to-optical spectral indices ( 0.5 -- 0.6 ) are typical of synchrotron emission in extragalactic jets , so that these knots possibly are the optical counterparts of the radio counterjet .	Long exposure observations at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope of 3C66B in the I filter are presented .	After subtraction of the galactic background , optical emission on the counterjet side is detected in 10 knots coincident with the radio counterjet .	If this is confirmed , 3C66B would be the first double-sided extragalactic optical jet .	The optical counterjet would also be brighter than what is predicted from the relativistic beaming interpretation of brightness asymmetry between the two jets .
+4	In this work , numerical simulations using the Regge-Einstein action and a `` compact '' action show the occurence of a phase transition .	One of several possibilities to construct a quantum theory of gravity is employing the Feynman path integral .	This approach is plagued by some problems : the integration measure is not uniquely defined , the Einstein-Hilbert action unbounded , and perturbation theory nonrenormalizable .	To make the path integral tractable one can approximate the continuous geometry of spacetime by a simplicial complex .	The edge lengths of this lattice are considered as the dynamical degrees of freedom and Regge calculus is applied .
+1	This process is described by the classical heat spike model of F. Seitz [ Phys .	Bubble chambers and droplet detectors used in dosimetry and dark matter particle search experiments use a superheated metastable liquid in which nuclear recoils trigger bubble nucleation .	Fluids ( 1958-1988 ) 1 , 2 ( 1958 ) ] , which uses classical nucleation theory to estimate the amount and the localization of the deposited energy required for bubble formation .	Here we report on direct molecular dynamics simulations of heat-spike-induced bubble formation .	They allow us to test the nanoscale process described in the classical heat spike model .
+2	I also briefly describe MOND .	I briefly review our current understanding of dark matter and dark energy .	The first part of this paper focusses on issues pertaining to dark matter including observational evidence for its existence , current constraints and the `abundance of substructure ' and `cuspy core ' issues which arise in CDM .	The second part of this review focusses on dark energy .	In this part I discuss the significance of the cosmological constant problem which leads to a predicted value of the cosmological constant which is almost $ 10^ { 123 } $ times larger than the observed value $ \la/8\pi G \simeq 10^ { -47 } $ GeV $ ^4 $ .
+1	These are interesting as regards the absolute versus relative motion debate as well as discussion of conceptual issues connected with the problem of time in quantum gravity .	Relational particle dynamics include the dynamics of pure shape and cases in which absolute scale or absolute rotation are additionally meaningful .	In spatial dimension 1 and 2 the relative configuration spaces of shapes are n-spheres and complex projective spaces , from which knowledge I construct natural mechanics on these spaces .	I also show that these coincide with Barbour 's indirectly-constructed relational dynamics by performing a full reduction on the latter .	Then the identification of the configuration spaces as n-spheres and complex projective spaces , for which spaces much mathematics is available , significantly advances the understanding of Barbour 's relational theory in spatial dimensions 1 and 2 .
+2	The beam energy is carefully chosen so that the contribution to Az from the J=0 parity mixed partial wave ( 1S0-3P0 ) integrates to zero over the acceptance of the apparatus , leaving the experiment sensitive mainly ( & gt ; 95 % ) to Az arising from the 3P2-1D2 , J=2 wave .	An experiment ( E497 ) is underway at TRIUMF to measure the angle-integrated , parity violating longitudinal analyzing power , Az , in proton-proton elastic scattering , to a precision of +/- 0.2 x 10^-7 .	The experiment uses a 221 MeV longitudinally polarized proton beam incident on a 40 cm liquid hydrogen target .	To minimize sources of systematic error , the TRIUMF ion source and cyclotron parameters have been refined to the extent that helicity correlated beam changes are at an extremely low level , and specialized instrumentation on the E497 beamline is able to measure residual helicity correlated modulations to a precision consistent with the goals of the experiment .	A data taking run in February-March , 1997 logged approximately 12 % of the desired data and produced a preliminary result , Az = ( 1.1 +/- 0.4 +/- 0.4 ) x 10^-7 , where the error is statistical only .
+1	It reuses the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory detector , consisting of a 12m diameter acrylic vessel which will be filled with about 780 tonnes of ultra-pure liquid scintillator .	SNO+ is a large liquid scintillator-based experiment located 2km underground at SNOLAB , Sudbury , Canada .	Designed as a multipurpose neutrino experiment , the primary goal of SNO+ is a search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay ( 0 $ \nu\beta\beta $ ) of 130Te .	In Phase I , the detector will be loaded with 0.3 % natural tellurium , corresponding to nearly 800 kg of 130Te , with an expected effective Majorana neutrino mass sensitivity in the region of 55-133 meV , just above the inverted mass hierarchy .	Recently , the possibility of deploying up to ten times more natural tellurium has been investigated , which would enable SNO+ to achieve sensitivity deep into the parameter space for the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy in the future .
+2	We have calculated the expected flux on Earth of these photons from the supernovae SN 1987A and Cassiopeia A and compared our results to data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope .	We derive new constraints on the coupling of heavy pseudoscalar ( axion-like ) particles to photons , based on the gamma ray flux expected from the decay of these particles into photons .	After being produced in the supernova core , these heavy axion-like particles would escape and a fraction of them would decay into photons before reaching the Earth .	This analysis provides strong constraints on the parameter space for axion-like particles .	For a particle mass of 100 MeV , we find that the Peccei-Quinn constant , f_a , must be greater than about 10^ { 15 } GeV .
+1	We further prove that if $ \dim\ker P\leq 1 $ and $ P $ is of locally constant rank , then all Poisson structures compatible with a given Poisson structure $ P $ on a finite-dimensional manifold $ M $ are locally of the form $ L_ { \tau } ( P ) $ , where $ \tau $ is a local vector field such that $ L_ { \tau } ^2 ( P ) =L_ { \tilde\tau } ( P ) $ for some other local vector field $ \tilde\tau $ .	Given a Poisson structure ( or , equivalently , a Hamiltonian operator ) $ P $ , we show that its Lie derivative $ L_ { \tau } ( P ) $ along a vector field $ \tau $ defines another Poisson structure , which is automatically compatible with $ P $ , if and only if $ [ L_ { \tau } ^2 ( P ) , P ] =0 $ , where $ [ \cdot , \cdot ] $ is the Schouten bracket .	This leads to a remarkably simple construction of bi-Hamiltonian dynamical systems .	We also present a generalization of these results to the infinite-dimensional case .	In particular , we provide a new description for pencils of compatible local Hamiltonian operators of Dubrovin -- Novikov type and associated bi-Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type .
+3	We also investigate the positivity constraint on coefficients of higher dimension operators present in the effective theory .	We assume that the noncommutativity starts to be visible continuously from a scale $ \Lambda_ { NC } $ .	According to this assumption , a two-loop effective action is derived for noncommutative $ \phi^ { 4 } $ and $ \phi^ { 3 } $ theories from a Wilsonian point of view .	We show that these effective theories are free of UV/IR mixing phenomena .	This constraint makes the low energy theory to be UV completion of a full theory .
+0	We study the equation of state of neutron matter using a family of unitarity potentials all of which are constructed to have infinite $ ^1S_0 $ scattering lengths $ a_s $ .	For such system , a quantity of much interest is the ratio $ \xi=E_0/E_0^ { free } $ where $ E_0 $ is the true ground-state energy of the system , and $ E_0^ { free } $ is that for the non-interacting system .	In the limit of $ a_s\to \pm \infty $ , often referred to as the unitary limit , this ratio is expected to approach a universal constant , namely $ \xi\sim 0.44 ( 1 ) $ .	In the present work we calculate this ratio $ \xi $ using a family of hard-core square-well potentials whose $ a_s $ can be exactly obtained , thus enabling us to have many potentials of different ranges and strengths , all with infinite $ a_s $ .	We have also calculated $ \xi $ using a unitarity CDBonn potential obtained by slightly scaling its meson parameters .
+4	The entire library of synthetic spectra is accessible via http : //archives.pd.astro.it/2500-10500/ or ( for the 1 AA/pix version only ) http : //gaia.esa.int/spectralib/spectralib1A/SpectraLib1a.cfm	We present a complete library of synthetic spectra based on Kurucz 's codes that covers the 2500-10500 Ang wavelength range at resolving powers 20,000 , 11,500 ( GAIA ) , 8500 ( RAVE ) , 2000 ( SLOAN ) and uniform dispersions of 1 and 10 Ang/pix .	The library maps the whole HR diagram , exploring 51,288 combinations of atmospheric parameters spanning the ranges : 3500 & lt ; = Teff & lt ; = 47500 K , 0.0 & lt ; = log g & lt ; = 5.0 , -2.5 & lt ; = [ M/H ] & lt ; = 0.5 , [ alpha/Fe ] = 0.0 , +0.4 , xi =1,2,4 km/sec , 0 & lt ; = Vrot & lt ; = 500 km/sec .	The spectra are available both as absolute fluxes as well as continuum normalized .	Performance tests and foreseen spectroscopic applications of the library are discussed , including automatic classification of data from surveys like RAVE , SLOAN , GAIA .
+1	It is applicable to a multitude of physics problems , many of which canbe introduced early on in a university physics curriculum .	Dimensional analysis is a simple qualitative method for determining essential connections between physical quantities .	Despite the relative simplicity of theapproach , it is rarely included in physics curricula .	Here , we apply dimensional analysis to ? find the radiated power from an electric dipole .	Employing dimensional analysis , we demonstrate a straightforward way to derive the latter without the need for complex mathematical treatments .
+0	[ Aims : ] We present r-Java 2.0 , a nucleosynthesis code for open use that performs r-process calculations as well as a suite of other analysis tools .	[ Methods : ] Equipped with a straightforward graphical user interface , r-Java 2.0 is capable of ; simulating nuclear statistical equilibrium ( NSE ) , calculating r-process abundances for a wide range of input parameters and astrophysical environments , computing the mass fragmentation from neutron-induced fission as well as the study of individual nucleosynthesis processes .	[ Results : ] In this paper we discuss enhancements made to this version of r-Java , paramount of which is the ability to solve the full reaction network .	The sophisticated fission methodology incorporated into r-Java 2.0 which includes three fission channels ( beta-delayed , neutron-induced and spontaneous fission ) as well as computation of the mass fragmentation is compared to the upper limit on mass fission approximation .	The effects of including beta-delayed neutron emission on r-process yield is studied .
+3	The problem of removing the spurious admixtures induced by the center of mass motion and by the violation of the number of particles is investigated .	The multipole response of neutron rich O and Sn isotopes is computed in Tamm-Dancoff and random-phase approximations using the canonical Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov quasi-particle basis .	The calculations are performed using an intrinsic Hamiltonian composed of a $ V_ { lowk } $ potential , deduced from the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon interaction , corrected with phenomenological density dependent and spin-orbit terms .	The effect of these two pieces on energies and multipole responses is discussed .	The differences between the two theoretical approaches are discussed quantitatively .
+2	Atom-photon interfaces were realized with single atoms in free space or strongly coupled to an optical cavity .	Neutral atoms are ideal objects for the deterministic processing of quantum information .	Entanglement operations have been performed by photon exchange or controlled collisions .	A long standing challenge with neutral atoms , however , is to overcome the limited observation time .	Without exception , quantum effects appeared only after ensemble averaging .
+1	According to MFM the whole of the flavour mixing is basically determined by the physical mass generation of the first family of fermions .	Present situation in the flavour mixing of quarks and leptons is briefly reviewed and a new approach called the Minimal Flavour Mixing ( MFM ) is considered in detail .	So , in the chiral symmetry limit when the masses of the lightest quarks , u and d , vanish , all the weak mixing angle vanish .	This minimal pattern is shown to fit extremely well the already established CKM matrix elements and to give fairly distinctive predictions for the as yet poorly known ones .	Remarkably , together with generically small quark mixing it also leads to the large neutrino mixing thus giving adequate solution to the solar and athmospheric neutrino oscillation problem .
+2	Then , we consider the particular case $ \bar \gamma=-\gamma $ , and we show that if the matter content is interpreted in terms of self-interacting scalar fields , then the corresponding transformation provides the link between a standard and a phantom cosmology .	We illustrate how form-invariance transformations can be used for constructing phantom cosmologies from standard scalar field universes .	First , we discuss how to relate two flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies with different barotropic indexes $ \gamma $ and $ \bar \gamma $ .	After that , we illustrate the method by considering models with exponential potentials .	Finally , we also show that the mentioned duality persists even if the typical braneworld modifications to the Friedmann equation are considered .
+0	Motivated by the work of Douady , Ghys , Herman and Shishikura on Siegel quadratic polynomials , we study the one-dimensional slice of the cubic polynomials which have a fixed Siegel disk of rotation number theta , with theta being a given irrational number of Brjuno type .	Our main goal is to prove that when theta is of bounded type , the boundary of the Siegel disk is a quasicircle which contains one or both critical points of the cubic polynomial .	We also prove that the locus of all cubics with both critical points on the boundary of their Siegel disk is a Jordan curve , which is in some sense parametrized by the angle between the two critical points .	A main tool in the bounded type case is a related space of degree 5 Blaschke products which serve as models for our cubics .	Along the way , we prove several results about the connectedness locus of these cubic polynomials .
+3	During the last decade , several extensions to the DCOP model have enabled them to support MAS in complex , real-time , and uncertain environments .	The field of Multi-Agent System ( MAS ) is an active area of research within Artificial Intelligence , with an increasingly important impact in industrial and other real-world applications .	Within a MAS , autonomous agents interact to pursue personal interests and/or to achieve common objectives .	Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems ( DCOPs ) have emerged as one of the prominent agent architectures to govern the agents ' autonomous behavior , where both algorithms and communication models are driven by the structure of the specific problem .	This survey aims at providing an overview of the DCOP model , giving a classification of its multiple extensions and addressing both resolution methods and applications that find a natural mapping within each class of DCOPs .
+3	If we compare the 1PN angular velocity of the binary system at the ISCO in units of $ \sqrt { M_ { \ast } /a_ { \ast } ^3 } $ with that of Newtonian order , the angular velocity at the ISCO is almost the same value as that at Newtonian order when one increases the compactness parameter .	The first post-Newtonian ( PN ) hydrostatic equations for an irrotational fluid are solved for an incompressible binary system .	The equilibrium configuration of the binary system is given by a small deformation from the irrotational Darwin-Riemann ellipsoid which is the solution at Newtonian order .	It is found that the orbital separation at the innermost stable circular orbit ( ISCO ) decreases when one increases the compactness parameter $ M_ { \ast } /c^2 a_ { \ast } $ , in which $ M_ { \ast } $ and $ a_ { \ast } $ denote the mass and the radius of a star , respectively .	Also , we do not find the instability point driven by the deformation at 1PN order , where a new sequence bifurcates throughout the equilibrium sequence of the binary system until the ISCO .
+0	Electron and nuclear spins associated with point defects in insulators are promising systems for solid state quantum technology .	While the electron spin usually is used for readout and addressing , nuclear spins are exquisite quantum bits and memory systems .	With these systems single-shot readout of nearby nuclear spins as well as entanglement aided by the electron spin has been shown .	While the electron spin in this example is essential for readout it usually limits nuclear spin coherence .	This has set of the quest for defects with spin-free ground states .
+0	Usually inflation ends either by a slow rolling of the inflaton field , which gradually becomes faster and faster , or by a first-order phase transition .	We describe a model where inflation ends in a different way , due to a very rapid rolling ( `waterfall ' ) of a scalar field $ \sigma $ triggered by another scalar field $ \phi $ .	This model looks as a hybrid of chaotic inflation and the usual theory with spontaneous symmetry breaking .	Another hybrid model to be discussed here uses some building blocks from extended inflation ( Brans-Dicke theory ) , from new inflation ( phase transition due to a non-minimal coupling of the inflaton field to gravity ) and from chaotic inflation ( the possibility of inflation beginning at large as well as at small $ \sigma $ ) .	In the simplest version of this scenario inflation ends up by slow rolling , thus avoiding the big-bubble problem of extended inflation .
+2	Through a combination of supervised machine-learning algorithms and archival multiwavelength observations we find that 14 out of the 16 unassociated sources showing the line emission in the Su & amp ; Finkbeiner sample are most likely active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) .	Potential line emission at 111 and 129 GeV from 16 unassociated Fermi-LAT point sources has been reported recently by Su & amp ; Finkbeiner ( 2012c ) .	Together with similar features seen by Fermi in a region near the Galactic Centre , the evidence has been interpreted as the spectral signature of dark matter annihilation or internal bremsstrahlung .	Based on this new evidence , one must widen the range of possible solutions for the 100-140 GeV excess to include a very distinct astrophysical explanation .	While we can not rule out a dark matter origin for the line emission in the Galactic Centre , we posit that if the detection in the Su & amp ; Finkbeiner sample is indeed real it might be related to accretion , bubble , or jet activity in nearby ( z & lt ; 0.2 ) AGN .
+0	We present computed spectra , as seen by a distant observer , from the accretion disc around a rapidly rotating neutron star .	Our calculations are carried out in a fully general relativistic framework , with exact treatment of rotation .	We take into account the Doppler shift , gravitational redshift and light bending effects in order to compute the observed spectrum .	We find that light bending significantly modifies the high-energy part of the spectrum .	Computed spectra for slowly rotating neutron stars are also presented .
+2	We find that a similar statement can be made when some of the particles have mass .	We explore the non-perturbative constraints that Lorentz symmetry imposes on scattering amplitudes where the asymptotic states can be massive .	As it is well known , in the case of only massless states the three-point amplitude is fixed by these constraints plus some physical requirements .	We first derive the generic functional form that the three-point amplitude must have by virtue of Lorentz symmetry , which depends on an arbitrary function .	By imposing a `` UV massive = massless '' condition , we find that the arbitrary function appearing in the amplitude with one massive particle can be fixed .
+2	Moreover , the recoil of the D-particle defect during the capture/scattering process implies Lorentz violation , which however may be averaged to zero in isotropic D-particle populations , but implies non-trivial effects in correlators .	The effect on flavour oscillations of simple expanding background space-times , motivated by some D-particle foam models , is calculated for a toy-model of bosons with flavour degrees of freedom .	The presence of D-particle defects in the space-time , which can interact non trivially ( via particle capture ) with flavoured particles in a flavour non-preserving way , generates mixing in the effective field theory of low-energy string excitations .	Both features imply that the flavoured mixed state sees a non-trivial flavour ( Fock-space ) vacuum of a type introduced earlier by Blasone and Vitiello in a generic context of theories with mixing .	We discuss the orthogonality of the flavour vacua to the usual Fock vacua and the effect on flavour oscillations in these backgrounds .
+3	In order to disentangle these effects one must measure charmonium production rates in both proton+proton ( p+p ) and proton+nucleus ( p+A ) collisions .	Charmonium suppression in hot and dense nuclear matter has been argued to be a signature for the production of the quark gluon plasma ( QGP ) .	In order to search for this effect in heavy ion collisions one must have a clear understanding of all the factors that can contribute to such a suppression .	These may include shadowing of the partons in a nuclear environment , breakup of a correlated $ c-\bar { c } $ pair as it traverses the nuclear fragment , suppression of feed-down from higher mass states as well as other initial state interactions .	The p+p collisions serve as a baseline for searching for suppression compared to binary scaling predictions , allow one to quantify the amount of feed-down from higher states as well as serve as a tool to distinguish between different theoretical calculations for charmonium production mechanisms .
+1	We define a Hochschild analogue of Tate cohomology , and show that the `` stable Hochschild cohomology '' of periodic CY Frobenius algebras has a Batalin-Vilkovisky and Frobenius algebra structure .	We define Calabi-Yau and periodic Frobenius algebras over arbitrary base commutative rings .	Such algebras include ( centrally extended ) preprojective algebras of ( generalized ) Dynkin quivers , and group algebras of classical periodic groups .	We use this theory to compute ( for the first time ) the Hochschild cohomology of many algebras related to quivers , and to simplify the description of known results .	Furthermore , we compute the maps on cohomology from extended Dynkin preprojective algebras to the Dynkin ones , which relates our CY property ( for Frobenius algebras ) to that of Ginzburg ( for algebras of finite Hochschild dimension ) .
+1	Vibrating wire alignment technique can be applied for magnet fiducialization and accelerator straight section components alignment , it is a necessary supplement for conventional alignment method .	Vibrating wire alignment technique is a kind of method which through measuring the spatial distribution of magnetic field to do the alignment and it can achieve very high alignment accuracy .	This article will systematically expound the international research achievements of vibrating wire alignment technique , including vibrating wire model analysis , system frequency calculation , wire sag calculation and the relation between wire amplitude and magnetic induction intensity .	On the basis of model analysis this article will introduce the alignment method which based on magnetic field measurement and the alignment method which based on amplitude and phase measurement .	Finally , some basic questions will be discussed and the solutions will be given .
+1	In the coming years the GAMA fields will be observed by the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder allowing a complete study of the stellar , dust , and gas mass constituents of galaxies within the low-z Universe ( $ z & lt ; 0.3 $ ) .	The GAMA survey has now completed its spectroscopic campaign of over 250,000 galaxies ( $ r & lt ; 19.8 $ mag ) , and will shortly complete the assimilation of the complementary panchromatic imaging data from GALEX , VST , VISTA , WISE , and Herschel .	The science directive is to study the distribution of mass , energy , and structure on kpc-Mpc scales over a 3billion year timeline .	This is being pursued both as an empirical study in its own right , as well as providing a benchmark resource against which the outputs from numerical simulations can be compared .	GAMA has three particularly compelling aspects which set it apart : completeness , selection , and panchromatic coverage .
+3	The lucky combination of high resolution X-ray imaging and numerical codes to handle the outflow and dynamical properties of relativistic MHD , has opened a new avenue of investigation that has lead to interesting progressed in the last years .	Pulsar Wind Nebulae ( PWNe ) are ideal astrophysical laboratories where high energy relativistic phenomena can be investigated .	They are close , well resolved in our observations , and the knowledg derived in their study has a strong impact in many other fields , from AGNs to GRBs .	Yet there are still unresolved issues , that prevent us from a full clear understanding of these objects .	Despite all of these , we do not understand yet how particles are accelerated , and the functioning of the pulsar wind and pulsar magnetosphere , that power PWNe .
+0	Design is fundamental to software development but can be demanding to perform .	Thus to assist the software designer , evolutionary computing is being increasingly applied using machine-based , quantitative fitness functions to evolve software designs .	However , in nature , elegance and symmetry play a crucial role in the reproductive fitness of various organisms .	In addition , subjective evaluation has also been exploited in Interactive Evolutionary Computation ( IEC ) .	Therefore to investigate the role of elegance and symmetry in software design , four novel elegance measures are proposed based on the evenness of distribution of design elements .
+0	The wide-band X-ray spectra of the high mass X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 exhibits a pivoting behavior in the `low ' ( as well as `hard ' ) state , correlated to the radio emission .	The time scale of the soft and hard X-rays ' anti-correlation , which gave rise to the pivoting feature , was found to be less than a day from the monitoring observations by RXTE -- ASM and CGRO -- BATSE .	In this Letter we report the detection of a lag of $ \lesssim $ 1000s in the anti-correlation of the hard X-ray emission ( 20 -- 50 keV ) to that of the soft X-ray emission ( 2 -- 7 keV ) , which may be attributed to the viscous time scale of flow of matter in the accretion disk .	This suggests the geometrical picture of a truncated accretion disc with a Compton cloud inside the disc , the relative sizes of which determine the spectral shape .	Any change in the disc structure will take place in a viscous time scale , with corresponding anti-correlated change in the Compton cloud .
+1	The two-photon excitation produces Na* ( 3p ) by photodissociation , which is easily and sensitively detected by atomic fluorescence .	Spectra of spin-forbidden and spin-allowed transitions in the mixed b $ ^3\Pi_u $ ~ A $ ^1\Sigma_u^+ $ state of Na $ _2 $ are measured separately by two-photon excitation using a single tunable dye laser .	At low laser power , only the A $ ^1\Sigma_u^+ $ state is excited , completely free of triplet excitation .	At high laser power , photodissociation via the b $ ^3\Pi_u $ triplet state intermediate becomes much more likely , effectively `` switching '' the observations from singlet spectroscopy to triplet spectroscopy with only minor apparatus changes .	This technique of perturbation-assisted laser-induced atomic fragment fluorescence may therefore be especially useful as a general vehicle for investigating perturbation-related physics pertinent to the spin-forbidden states , as well as for studying allowed and forbidden states of other molecules .
+4	This peculiar distribution causes infinite time delays for the ideal cloak within a geometric optics description .	We obtained the energy transport velocity distribution for a three dimensional ideal cloak explicitly .	Near the operation frequency , the energy transport velocity has rather peculiar distribution .	The velocity along a line joining the origin of the cloak is a constant , while the velocity approaches zero at the inner boundary of the cloak .	A ray pointing right into the origin of the cloak will experience abrupt changes of velocities when it impinges on the inner surface of the cloak .
+4	A more detailed look at a few objects in the sample is presented in Wilkes et al .	The U.S. ISO Key Project on quasar spectral energy distributions seeks to better understand the very broad-band emission features of quasars from radio to X-rays .	A key element of this project is observations of 72 quasars with the ISOPHOT instrument at 8 bands , from 5 to 200 microns .	The sample was chosen to span a wide range of redshifts and quasar types .	This paper presents an overview of the analysis and reduction techniques , as well as general trends within the data set ( comparisons with IRAS fluxes , uncertainties as a function of background sky brightness , and an analysis of vignetting corrections in chopped observing mode ) .
+2	We propose a character composition model , tweet2vec , which finds vector-space representations of whole tweets by learning complex , non-local dependencies in character sequences .	Text from social media provides a set of challenges that can cause traditional NLP approaches to fail .	Informal language , spelling errors , abbreviations , and special characters are all commonplace in these posts , leading to a prohibitively large vocabulary size for word-level approaches .	The proposed model outperforms a word-level baseline at predicting user-annotated hashtags associated with the posts , doing significantly better when the input contains many out-of-vocabulary words or unusual character sequences .	Our tweet2vec encoder is publicly available .
+3	In fact , odd-parity p-wave pairing compatible with ferromagnetism is found in the vicinity of an orbital ordered phase .	A double-exchange mechanism for the emergence of ferromagnetism in cubic uranium compounds is proposed on the basis of a $ j $ - $ j $ coupling scheme .	The idea is { \it orbital-dependent duality } of $ 5f $ electrons concerning itinerant $ \Gamma_8^- $ and localized $ \Gamma_7^- $ states in the cubic structure .	Since orbital degree of freedom is still active in the ferromagnetic phase , orbital-related quantum critical phenomenon is expected to appear .	Furthermore , even-parity d-wave pairing with significant odd-frequency components is obtained .
+0	Noisy quantum channels may be used in many information carrying applications .	We show that different applications may result in different channel capacities .	Upper bounds on several of these capacities are proved .	These bounds are based on the coherent information , which plays a role in quantum information theory analogous to that played by the mutual information in classical information theory .	Many new properties of the coherent information and entanglement fidelity are proved .
+4	In addition , we find that the in-plane magnetic field exerts no influence on the charge Hall conductivity .	In a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings , there are two spin-split energy surfaces connected with a degenerate point .	Both the energy surfaces and the topology of the Fermi surfaces can be varied by an in-plane magnetic field .	We find that , if the chemical potential falls between the bottom of the upper band and the degenerate point , then simply by changing the direction of the magnetic field , the magnitude of the spin Hall conductivity can be varied by about 100 percent .	Once the chemical potential is above the degenerate point , the spin Hall conductivity becomes the constant $ e/8\pi $ , independent of the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field .
+0	Wavelength-selective switches for mode-division-multiplexing systems are designed by scaling switches from single-mode systems .	All modes at a given wavelength are switched as a unit , which is necessary in systems with substantial mode coupling , and minimizes the number of ports required to accommodate a given traffic volume .	When a pure mode is present at the input , modal transmission and coupling coefficients are mode-dependent and may be computed using a simple mode-clipping model .	When multiple modes are present , interference between modes alters the transmission and coupling coefficients , shifting the passband center frequency and changing its bandwidth .	Mode-coupling matrices are used to compute mixed modes having the narrowest or widest bandwidths , or having the largest center-frequency offsets .
+4	Here we consider three cases : the Tianlai cylinder array pathfinder which is currently being built , an upgrade of the pathfinder array with more receiver units , and the full-scale Tianlai cylinder array .	The Tianlai experiment is dedicated to the observation of large scale structures ( LSS ) by the 21 cm intensity mapping technique .	In this paper we make forecasts on its capability at observing or constraining the dark energy parameters and the primordial non-Gaussianity .	From the LSS data one can use the baryon acoustic oscillation ( BAO ) and the growth rate derived from the redshift space distortion ( RSD ) to measure the dark energy density and equation of state .	The primordial non-Gaussianity can be constrained either by looking for scale-dependent bias in the power spectrum , or by using the bispectrum .
+4	In view of the continuous timing of such an important system , it might happen that in the near future it will be possible to obtain somewhat tighter constraints .	In this paper we use Delta P = -1.772341 +/- 13.153788 s between the phenomenologically determined orbital period P_b of the PSR J0737-3039 double pulsar system and the purely Keplerian period P^ ( 0 ) =2\pi\sqrt { a^3/G ( m_A+m_B ) } calculated with the system 's parameters , determined independently of the third Kepler law itself , in order to put constraints on some models of modified gravity ( f ( R ) , Yukawa-like fifth force , MOND ) .	The major source of error affecting Delta P is not the one in the phenomenologically measured period ( \delta P_b=4 10^-6 s ) , but the systematic uncertainty \delta P^ ( 0 ) in the computed Keplerian one due to the relative semimajor axis a mainly caused , in turn , by the errors in the ratio R of the pulsars ' masses and in sin i .	We get |\kappa| & lt ; 0.8 10^-26 m^-2 for the parameter that in the f ( R ) framework is a measure of the non linearity of the theory , |\alpha| & lt ; 5.5 10^-4 for the fifth-force strength parameter ( for \lambda\approx a=0.006 AU ) .	The effects predicted by the strong-acceleration regime of MOND are far too small to be constrained with some effectiveness today and in the future as well .
+1	By employing the integrated form of the Kato electron-nucleus cusp condition , we prove that the effective electron -interaction potential energy of these model fermions or bosons is finite at a nucleus .	Local ( multiplicative ) effective potential energy theories of electronic structure comprise the transformation of the Schr { \ '' o } dinger equation for interacting fermi systems to model noninteracting fermi or bose systems whereby the equivalent density and energy are obtained .	The proof is general and valid for arbitrary system whether it be atomic , molecular , or solid state , and for arbitrary state and symmetry .	This then provides justification for all prior work in the literature based on the assumption of finiteness of this potential energy at a nucleus .	We further demonstrate the criticality of the electron-nucleus cusp condition to such theories by example of the Hydrogen molecule .
+4	To address the issue of unknown channel and arrival statistics , we propose a reinforcement learning algorithm .	In this paper , we consider the problem of energy efficient uplink scheduling with delay constraint for a multi-user wireless system .	We address this problem within the framework of constrained Markov decision processes ( CMDPs ) wherein one seeks to minimize one cost ( average power ) subject to a hard constraint on another ( average delay ) .	We do not assume the arrival and channel statistics to be known .	To handle state space explosion and informational constraints , we split the problem into individual CMDPs for the users , coupled through their Lagrange multipliers ; and a user selection problem at the base station .
+2	By combining all the information present in all the wavelet scales with the Fisher discriminant , we find that the spherical Mexican Hat wavelets are clearly superior to the spherical Haar wavelets .	We investigate the performance of spherical wavelets in discriminating between standard inflationary models ( Gaussian ) and non-Gaussian models .	For the later we consider small perturbations of the Gaussian model in which an artificially specified skewness or kurtosis is introduced through the Edgeworth expansion .	The former can detect levels of the skewness and kurtosis of ~1 % for 33 ' resolution , an order of magnitude smaller than the later .	Also , as expected , both wavelets are better for discriminating between the models than the direct consideration of moments of the temperature maps .
+3	In this paper , we have calculated carbon-metal bond energies , adhesion energies and charge distributions of carbon nanotube caps on Ni , Fe and NiFe alloy clusters using density functional theory .	Carbon nanotubes have properties depending on the arrangement of carbon atoms on the tube walls , called chirality .	Also it has been tried to grow nanotubes of only one chirality for more than a decade it is still not possible today .	A narrowing of the distribution of chiralities , however , which is a first step towards chirality control , has been observed for the growth of nanotubes on catalysts composed of nickel and iron .	A growth model using the calculated energies was able to reproduce the experimental data of the nanotube growth on the alloy catalysts .
+3	Our model consists of ( i ) a multi-scale grid of radial basis functions with physically motivated profiles and ( ii ) a list of galaxy-scale potentials at the location of the cluster member galaxies .	We propose a novel technique to refine the modelling of galaxy clusters mass distribution using gravitational lensing .	The idea is to combine the strengths of both `` parametric '' and `` non-parametric '' methods to improve the quality of the fit .	We develop a multi-scale model that allows sharper contrast in regions of higher density where the number of constraints is generally higher .	This arrangement of potentials of different sizes allows to reach a high resolution for the model with a minimum number of parameters .
+3	Stability issues are discussed by considering small perturbations around the critical points for the bounce , in the early as well as in the late , universe .	The purpose of this short review is to describe cosmological models with a linear inhomogeneous time-dependent equation of state ( EoS ) for the dark energy , when the dark fluid is coupled with dark matter .	This may lead to a bounce cosmology .	We consider equivalent descriptions in terms of the EoS parameters for an exponential , a power-law , or a double-exponential law for the scale factor $ a $ .	The latter part of the paper is concerned with dark energy coupled with dark matter in viscous fluid cosmology .
+4	The transition into the normal phase represents also the onset of transmission of information through the garage .	An asymmetric exclusion process type process , where cars move forward along a closed road that starts and terminates at a parking garage , displays dynamic phase transitions into two types of condensate phases where the garage becomes macroscopically occupied .	The total car density $ \rho_o $ and the exit probability $ \alpha $ are the two control parameters .	At the transition , the number of parked cars $ N_p $ diverges in both cases , with the length of the road $ N_s $ , as $ N_p\sim N_s^ { y_p } $ with $ y_p=1/2 $ .	Towards the transition , the number of parked cars vanishes as $ N_p\sim \epsilon^\beta $ with $ \beta=1 $ , $ \epsilon=|\alpha -\alpha^*| $ or $ \epsilon=|\rho^*_o -\rho_o| $ being the distance from the transition .
+1	The question investigated in this article is the limiting long time / large scale behaviour of such a process under diffusive rescaling .	We consider a one-dimensional diffusion process with coefficients that are periodic outside of a finite 'interface region ' .	Our main result is that it converges weakly to a rescaled version of skew Brownian motion , with parameters that can be given explicitly in terms of the coefficients of the original diffusion .	Our method of proof relies on the framework provided by Freidlin and Wentzell for diffusion processes on a graph in order to identify the generator of the limiting process .	The graph in question consists of one vertex representing the interface region and two infinite segments corresponding to the regions on either side .
+2	It turns out that the potential and the energy of a point charge in a quadrupolar medium are finite .	A new equation of state relating the macroscopic quadrupole moment density $ Q $ to the gradient of the field $ \nabla E $ in an isotropic fluid is derived : $ Q = \alpha_Q ( \nabla E - U \nabla.E/3 ) $ , where the quadrupolarizability $ \alpha_Q $ is proportional to the squared molecular quadrupole moment .	Using this equation of state , a generalized expression for the Born energy of an ion dissolved in quadrupolar solvent is obtained .	From the obtained Born energy , the partial molar volume and the partial molar entropy of a dissolved ion follow .	Both are compared to experimental data for a large number of simple ions in aqueous solutions .
+4	We also obtained ISAAC L-band spectra of 4 well-studied disks .	We present preliminary results of spectroscopic data obtained with the La Silla 3.6m TIMMI2 and the VLT-ISAAC instruments .	We have obtained 23 TIMMI2 N-band and 18 Q-band spectra for our total sample of 36 stars in March 2003 to investigate the evolution of the grain properties in circumstellar disks .	Our sample consists of Herbig stars , T Tauri stars and Vega-like stars , some of which have recently been identified to be members of nearby ( & lt ; 100 pc ) stellar associations .	Silicate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ( PAH ) emission features are detected and the spatial resolution of TIMMI2 allowed to place upper limits on the spatial extent of the emission .
+4	Moreover , it is demonstrated that for non-negligible microchamber resistances the conductance does not exhibit the expected saturation at low concentrations but instead shows a continuous decrease .	This study extends previous analytical solutions of concentration-polarization occurring solely in the depleted region , to the more realistic geometry consisting of a three dimensional ( 3D ) heterogeneous ion-permselective medium connecting two opposite microchambers ( i.e.3 layers system ) .	Under the local electro-neutrality approximation , the separation of variable methods is used to derive an analytical solution of the electro-diffusive problem for the two opposing asymmetric microchambers .	Assuming an ideal permselective medium allows for the analytic calculation of the 3D concentration and electric potential distributions as well as a current-voltage relation .	It is shown that any asymmetry in the microchamber geometries will result in current rectification .
+3	With the metric we compute $ \eta $ and $ s $ of fluids in 1+1 and 2+1 dimension without and with radial flow .	We investigate the shear viscosity $ \eta $ and the entropy density $ s $ of strongly coupled $ \mathcal { N } =4 $ super Yang-Mills ( SYM ) plasma in late time of hydrodynamic evolution with AdS/CFT duality and Bjorken scaling .	We use correlation function method proposed by Kovtun , Son and Starinets .	We obtain the metric $ g_ { \mu\nu } $ in a proper time dependent $ AdS_ { 5 } $ space through holographic renormalization , whose boundary condition is given by energy-momentum tensor of the plasma in 2+1 dimension with transverse expansion or radial flow .	We find the ratio $ \eta/s=1/ ( 4\pi ) $ in 1+1 dimension consistent with the Kovtun-Son-Starinets bound if next-to-leading terms in proper time are included in the equation of motion for metric perturbations .
+0	For a long time a crystal structure of high-pressure epsilon-phase of solid oxygen was a mistery .	Basing on the results of recent experiments that have solved this riddle we show that the magnetic and crystal structure of epsilon-phase can be explained by strong exchange interactions of antiferromagnetic nature .	The singlet state implemented on quaters of O2 molecules has the minimal exchange energy if compared to other possible singlet states ( dimers , trimers ) .	Magnetoelastic forces that arise from the spatial dependence of the exchange integral give rise to transformation of 4 ( O2 ) rhombuses into the almost regular quadrates .	Antiferromagnetic character of the exchange interactions stabilizes distortion of crystal lattice in epsilon-phase and impedes such a distortion in long-range alpha- and delta-phases .
+2	The class of these functions in this general setting exhibits the nice properties of real analytic functions .	We introduce the notion of $ R $ -analytic functions .	These are definable in an o-minimal expansion of a real closed field $ R $ and are locally the restriction of a $ K $ -differentiable function ( defined by Peterzil and Starchenko ) where $ K=R [ \sqrt { -1 } ] $ is the algebraic closure of $ R $ .	We also define strongly $ R $ -analytic functions .	These are globally the restriction of a $ K $ -differentiable function .
+1	Assume further that it converges in distribution towards $ F_\infty $ satisfying $ { \rm Var } ( F_\infty ) & gt ; 0 $ .	Let $ { F_n } $ be a sequence of random variables belonging to a finite sum of Wiener chaoses .	Our first result is a sequential version of a theorem by Shigekawa ( 1980 ) .	More precisely , we prove , without additional assumptions , that the sequence $ { F_n } $ actually converges in total variation and that the law of $ F_\infty $ is absolutely continuous .	We give an application to discrete non-Gaussian chaoses .
+4	Optimal block sizes are computed for sampling regions of a number of commonly encountered shapes .	We consider the problem of determining the optimal block ( or subsample ) size for a spatial subsampling method for spatial processes observed on regular grids .	We derive expansions for the mean square error of the subsampling variance estimator , which yields an expression for the theoretically optimal block size .	The optimal block size is shown to depend in an intricate way on the geometry of the spatial sampling region as well as characteristics of the underlying random field .	Final expressions for the optimal block size make use of some nontrivial estimates of lattice point counts in shifts of convex sets .
+3	Furthermore , it is assumed that the communication topology among agents is time-dependent and the information transmission is with bounded time-varying delays .	In this paper , we study asynchronous consensus problems of continuous-time multi-agent systems with discontinuous information transmission .	The proposed consensus control strategy is implemented only based on the state information at some discrete times of each agent 's neighbors .	The asynchronization means that each agent 's update times , at which the agent adjusts its dynamics , are independent of others ' .	If the union of the communication topology across any time interval with some given length contains a spanning tree , the consensus problem is shown to be solvable .
+4	Importantly , we observe that the instability of these tachyon-less closed string theories is caused by ghost D-instantons ( or ghost ZZ-branes ) , the existence of which is determined only by non-perturbative completion of string theory .	We demonstrate a first-principle analysis of the string theory landscapes in the framework of non-critical string/matrix models .	In particular , we discuss non-perturbative instability , decay rate and the true vacuum of perturbative string theories .	As a simple example , we argue that the perturbative string vacuum of pure gravity is stable ; but that of Yang-Lee edge singularity is inescapably a false vacuum .	Surprisingly , most of perturbative minimal string vacua are unstable , and their true vacuum mostly does not suffer from non-perturbative ambiguity .
+3	This lack of results has lead us to investigate the role of symmetry , in particular dihedral symmetry , on high-dimensional coupled Hamiltonian systems .	The evolution of a large class of biological , physical and engineering systems can be studied through both dynamical systems theory and Hamiltonian mechanics .	The former theory , in particular its specialization to study systems with symmetry , is already well developed and has been used extensively on a wide variety of spatio-temporal systems .	There are , however , fewer results on higher-dimensional Hamiltonian systems with symmetry .	As a representative example , we consider the model equations of a ring of vibratory gyroscopes .
+4	This , along with a hidden variable model found by Toner et .	We introduce a Bell inequality in a bipartite spin- $ \frac { 1 } { 2 } $ system with a quantum to classical violation ratio of $ \frac { 3 } { 2 } $ , exceeding the $ \sqrt { 2 } $ violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality .	The increase is allowed by the use of products of non-commuting observables symmetrized over all possible orderings in the quantization .	This shows that the non-commutativity of operations intrinsic to quantum mechanics contributes to its violation of local realism .	It is shown that generalizing the inequality to high order does not increase the violation .
+2	For 29 of the SNe Ia also peak magnitudes in I are known .	A sample of 35 SNe Ia with good to excellent photometry in B and V , minimum internal absorption , and 1200 & lt ; v & lt ; \approx 30000 km/s is compiled from the literature .	As far as their spectra are known they are all Branch-normal .	The SNe Ia have uniform colors at maximum , i.e. & lt ; B-V & gt ; =-0.012 mag ( sigma=0.051 ) and & lt ; V-I & gt ; =-0.276 mag ( sigma=0.078 ) .	In the Hubble diagram they define a Hubble line with a scatter of $ \sigma_M $ =0.21-0.16 mag , decreasing with wavelength .
+3	However the thermal disk and the hard X-ray components had a similar intensity , indicating that the source was in an intermediate state throughout our observations and evolving toward the soft state .	IGR J17464-3213 , already known as the HEAO-1 transient source H1743-322 , has been detected during a state transition by the SPI/INTEGRAL telescope .	We describe the spectral evolution and flaring activity of IGR J17464-3213/H1743-322 from 2003 March 21 to 2003 April 22 .	During the first part , the source followed a continuous spectral softening , with the peak of the spectral energy distribution shifting from 100 keV down to a few keV .	In the second part of our observations , the ASM/RXTE and SPI/INTEGRAL light curve showed a strong flaring activity .
+1	We prove that the a limiting horizontal mean counting-measure of the zeroes exists almost surely , and that it is non-random if and only if the spectral measure is continuous ( or degenerate ) .	We study zeroes of Gaussian analytic functions in a strip in the complex plane , with translation-invariant distribution .	In this case , the mean zero-counting measure is computed in terms of the spectral measure .	We compare the behavior with Gaussian analytic function with symmetry around the real axis .	These results extend a work by Norbert Wiener .
+1	Convective overshooting motions create temperature and velocity structures which show a temporal and spatial evolution .	The Sun is a non-equilibrium dissipative system subjected to an energy flow which originates in its core .	As a result , photospheric structures are generally considered to be the direct manifestation of convective plasma motions .	The plasma flows on the photosphere govern the motion of single magnetic elements .	These elements are arranged in typical patterns which are observed as a variety of multiscale magnetic patterns .
+3	We explore the use of collaborative storage technique to efficiently manage data in storage constrained sensor networks .	In this paper , we consider a class of sensor networks where the data is not required in real-time by an observer ; for example , a sensor network monitoring a scientific phenomenon for later play back and analysis .	In such networks , the data must be stored in the network .	Thus , in addition to battery power , storage is a primary resource : the useful lifetime of the network is constrained by its ability to store the generated data samples .	The proposed collaborative storage technique takes advantage of spatial correlation among the data collected by nearby sensors to significantly reduce the size of the data near the data sources .
+4	We find that the mass threshold scales as the square root of viscosity in the low mass regime .	By numerically integrating the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions , we calculate the criterion for gap formation by a very low mass ( q ~10^ { -4 } ) protoplanet on a fixed orbit in a thin viscous disk .	In contrast with some previously proposed gap-opening criteria , we find that a planet can open a gap even if the Hill radius is smaller than the disk scale height .	Moreover , in the low-viscosity limit , we find no minimum mass necessary to open a gap for a planet held on a fixed orbit .	In particular , a Neptune-mass planet will open a gap in a minimum mass solar nebula with suitably low viscosity ( \alpha & lt ; 10^ { -4 } ) .
+1	Recent experiments have investigated the coupling between the individual steps of single kinesin molecules and ATP hydrolysis , taking explicitly into account forward steps , backward steps and detachments .	Kinesins are processive motor proteins that move along microtubules in a stepwise manner , and their motion is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP .	A theoretical study of mechanochemical coupling in kinesins , which extends the approach used successfully to describe the dynamics of conventional motor proteins , is presented .	The possibility of irreversible detachments of kinesins from the microtubules is also explicitly taken into account .	Using the method of first- passage times , experimental data on the mechanochemical coupling in kinesins are fully described using the simplest two-state model .
+3	We observed the strong evidences that Ta absorbs hydrogen and nitrogen during synthesis and sintering to form Ta2H , TaH and TaN0.1 and prevents or reduces the formation of MgH2 ( both with orthorhombic and tetragonal structures ) .	High-pressure ( HP ) synthesis and sintering are promising methods for manufacturing of the bulk MgB2 superconductive material .	The available high-pressure apparatuses with 100 cm3 working volume can allow us to use the bulk MgB2 for practical applications such as electromotors , fly-wheels , bearings , etc .	We have found that the Ta presence during HP synthesis ( especially ) or sintering process ( in the form of a foil that covered the sample and as an addition of Ta powder of about 2-10 wt. % to the starting mixture of B and Mg or to MgB2 powder ) increases the critical current density ( jc ) in the magnetic fields up to 10 T and the fields of irreversibility ( Hirr ) of MgB2-based bulk materials .	Ta also essentially reduces the amount of impurity nitrogen in black Mg-B ( most likely , MgB2 ) crystals of the matrix phase .
+4	In this regime of parameter space , the mid-infrared diagnostics offer a powerful tool for uncovering AGN missed by optical spectroscopy .	We report the discovery using Spitzers high resolution spectrograph of 7 Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) in a sample of 32 late-type galaxies that show no definitive signatures of AGN in their optical spectra .	Our observations suggest that the AGN detection rate in late-type galaxies is possibly 4 times larger than what optical spectroscopic observations alone suggest .	We demonstrate using photoionization models with an input AGN and an extreme EUV-bright starburst ionizing radiation field that the observed mid-infrared line ratios can not be replicated unless an AGN contribution , in some cases as little as 10 % of the total galaxy luminosity , is included .	These models show that when the fraction of the total luminosity due to the AGN is low , optical diagnostics are insensitive to the presence of the AGN .
+0	We study collective plasmon excitations and screening of disordered single- and bilayer black phosphorus beyond the low energy continuum approximation .	The dynamical polarizability of phosphorene is computed using a tight-binding model that properly accounts for the band structure in a wide energy range .	Electron-electron interaction is considered within the Random Phase Approximation .	Damping of the plasmon modes due to different kinds of disorder , such as resonant scatterers and long-range disorder potentials , is analyzed .	We further show that an electric field applied perpendicular to bilayer phosphorene can be used to tune the dispersion of the plasmon modes .
+3	The averaged radio profile of PSR J0205+6449 consists of one sharp pulse of width ~ 3 ms ~ 0.05 P. The pulsar is an exceedingly weak radio source , with pulse-averaged flux density in the 1400 MHz band of 0.045 mJy and a spectral index of ~ -2.1 .	We report the discovery with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope of 65 ms radio pulsations from the X-ray pulsar J0205+6449 at the center of supernova remnant 3C58 , making this possibly the youngest radio pulsar known .	From our observations at frequencies of 820 and 1375 MHz , the free electron column density to PSR J0205+6449 is found to be 140.7 +- 0.3 pc/cc .	The barycentric pulsar period P and period derivative determined from a phase-coherent timing solution are consistent with the values previously measured from X-ray observations .	Its radio luminosity of ~ 0.5 mJy kpc^2 at 1400 MHz is lower than that of ~ 99 % of known pulsars and is the lowest among known young pulsars .
+3	We give a sum theorem and a parallel sum theorem for closed monotone quasidense multifunctions under very general constraint conditions .	We discuss `` Banach SN spaces '' , which include Hilbert spaces , negative Hilbert spaces , and the product of any real Banach space with its dual .	We introduce `` L-positive '' sets , which generalize monotone multifunctions from a Banach space into its dual .	We introduce the concepts of `` $ r_L $ -density '' and its specialization `` quasidensity '' : the closed quasidense monotone multifunctions from a Banach space into its dual form a ( generally ) strict subset of the maximally monotone ones , though all surjective maximally monotone and all maximally monotone multifunctions on a reflexive space are quasidense .	That is to say , quasidensity obeys a very nice calculus rule .
+0	We present a code to compute the relic density of dark matter in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( NMSSM ) .	Dominant corrections to the Higgs masses are calculated with NMHDECAY as well as theoretical and collider constraints .	All neutralino annihilation and coannihilation processes are then computed with an extended version of micrOMEGAs , taking into acount higher order corrections to Higgs vertices .	We explore the parameter space of the NMSSM and consider in particular the case of a bino LSP , of a mixed bino-higgsino LSP and of a singlino LSP .	As compared to the MSSM , neutralino annihilation is often more efficient as it can take place via ( additional ) Higgs resonances as well as annihilation into light Higgs states .
+3	In addition , it also constrains the overlap function .	The dispersive optical-model is applied to transfer reactions .	A systematic study of $ ( d , p ) $ reactions on closed-shell nuclei using the finite-range adiabatic reaction model is performed at several beam energies and results are compared to data as well as to predictions using a standard global optical-potential .	Overall , we find that the dispersive optical-model is able to describe the angular distributions as well as or better than the global parameterization .	Spectroscopic factors extracted using the dispersive optical-model are generally lower than those using standard parameters , exhibit a reduced dependence on beam energy , and are more in line with results obtained from $ ( e , e'p ) $ measurements .
+0	In this paper we discuss Bitcoin , the leader among the existing cryptocurrencies , to analyse its trends , success factors , current challenges and probable solutions to make it even better .	In the introduction section , we discuss the history and working mechanism of Bitcoin .	In the background section , we develop the ideas that evolved in the process of making a stable cryptocurrency .	We also analyze the survey matrices of the present day cryptocurrencies .	This survey clearly shows that Bitcoin is the clear winner among its kind .
+4	Our calculations predict low-lying resonances in 8Li and 8B that have not been experimentally clearly identified yet .	We combine a recently developed ab initio many-body approach capable of describing simultaneously both bound and scattering states , the ab initio NCSM/RGM , with an importance truncation scheme for the cluster eigenstate basis and demostrate its applicability to nuclei with mass numbers as high as 17 .	Using soft similarity renormalization group evolved chiral nucleon-nucleon interactions , we first calculate nucleon-4He phase shifts , cross sections and analyzing power .	Next , we investigate nucleon scattering on 7Li , 7Be , 12C and 16O in coupled-channel NCSM/RGM calculations that include low-lying excited states of these nuclei .	We check the convergence of phase shifts with the basis size and study A=8 , 13 , and 17 bound and unbound states .
+3	As a specific application of our results , we consider tunneling between a normal metal and a noncentrosymmetric superconductor with mixed singlet and triplet gaps .	We consider a general Hamiltonian describing coexistence of itinerant ferromagnetism , spin-orbit coupling and mixed spin-singlet/triplet superconducting pairing in the context of mean-field theory .	The Hamiltonian is diagonalized and exact eigenvalues are obtained , thus allowing us to write down the coupled gap equations for the different order parameters .	Our results may then be applied to any model describing coexistence of any combination of these three phenomena .	The conductance spectrum reveals information about these gaps in addition to how the influence of spin-orbit coupling is manifested .
+0	A pedagogical but concise overview of Riemannian geometry is provided , in the context of usage in physics .	The emphasis is on defining and visualizing concepts and relationships between them , as well as listing common confusions , alternative notations and jargon , and relevant facts and theorems .	Special attention is given to detailed figures and geometric viewpoints , some of which would seem to be novel to the literature .	Topics are avoided which are well covered in textbooks , such as historical motivations , proofs and derivations , and tools for practical calculations .	As much material as possible is developed for manifolds with connection ( omitting a metric ) to make clear which aspects can be readily generalized to gauge theories .
+3	Starting with the residual spectrum for Cluster B , via an iterative procedure we created the calibration tool hexBcorr for correcting any Cluster B spectrum of interest .	We have developed a correction tool to improve the quality of RXTE HEXTE spectra by employing the same method we used earlier to improve the quality of RXTE PCA spectra .	We fit all of the hundreds of HEXTE spectra of the Crab individually to a simple power-law model , some 37 million counts in total for Cluster A and 39 million counts for Cluster B , and we create for each cluster a combined spectrum of residuals .	We find that the residual spectrum of Cluster A is free of instrumental artifacts while that of Cluster B contains significant features with amplitudes ~1 % ; the most prominent is in the energy range 30-50 keV , which coincides with the iodine K edge .	We demonstrate the efficacy of the tool by applying it to Cluster B spectra of two bright black holes , which contain several million counts apiece .
+4	The \Lambda ( 1405 ) resonance is dynamically generated in this model , where the \bar { K } N interaction parameters are fitted to the data of scattering length .	Three-body resonances in the \bar { K } NN system have been studied within a framework of the \bar { K } NN-\pi YN coupled hannel Faddeev equation .	By solving the three-body equation the energy dependence of the resonant \bar { K } N amplitude is fully taken into account .	The S-matrix pole has been investigated from the eigenvalue of the kernel with the analytic continuation of the scattering amplitude on the unphysical Riemann sheet .	The \barKN interaction is constructed from the leading order term of the chiral Lagrangian using relativistic kinematics .
+0	The boundaries of waveguides and nanowires have drastic influence on their coherent scattering properties .	Designing the boundary profile is thus a promising approach for transmission and band-gap engineering with many applications .	By performing an experimental study of microwave transmission through rough waveguides we demonstrate that a recently proposed surface scattering theory can be employed to predict the measured transmission properties from the boundary profiles and vice versa .	A new key ingredient of this theory is a scattering mechanism which depends on the squared gradient of the surface profiles .	We demonstrate the non-trivial effects of this scattering mechanism by detailed mode-resolved microwave measurements and numerical simulations .
+0	We argue that ( 1 ) our perception of time through change and ( 2 ) the gap between reality and our observation of it are at the heart of both quantum mechanics and the dynamical mechanism of physical systems .	We suggest that the origin of quantum uncertainty lies with the absence of infinities or infinitesimals in observational data and that our concept of time derives from observing changing data ( events ) .	We argue that the fundamentally important content of the Superposition Principle is not the `` probability amplitude '' of posterior state observation but future state availability conditional only on prior information .	Since event detection also implies posterior conditions ( e.g.a specific type of detectable event occurred ) as well as prior conditions , the probabilities of detected outcomes are also conditional on properties of the posterior properties of the observation .	Such posterior conditions can not affect the prior state availabilities and this implies violation of counter-factual definiteness .
+1	Our first main theorem tells us that an algebraic supergroup $ \mathbb { G } $ is solvable if the associated algebraic group $ \mathbb { G } _ { ev } $ is trigonalizable .	We study solvability , nilpotency and splitting property for algebraic supergroups over an arbitrary field $ K $ of characteristic $ \mathrm { char } \ , K \ne 2 $ .	To prove it we determine the algebraic supergroups $ \mathbb { G } $ such that $ \dim \mathrm { Lie } ( \mathbb { G } ) _1=1 $ ; their representations are studied when $ \mathbb { G } _ { ev } $ is diagonalizable .	The second main theorem characterizes nilpotent connected algebraic supergroups .	A super-analogue of the Chevalley Decomposition Theorem is proved , though it must be in a weak form .
+0	We consider symplectic singularities in the sense of A. Beauville as examples of Poisson schemes .	Using Poisson methods , we prove that a symplectic singularity admits a finite stratification with smooth symplectic strata .	We also prove that in the formal neighborhood of a closed point in some stratum , the singularity is a product of the stratum and a transversal slice .	The transversal slice is also a symplectic singularity , and the product decomposition is compatible with natural Poisson structures .	Moreover , we prove that the transversal slice admits a $ C^* $ -action dilating the symplectic form .
+0	Mathematical models for the description , in a quantitative way , of the damages induced on the monuments by the action of specific pollutants are often systems of nonlinear , possibly degenerate , parabolic equations .	Although some the asymptotic properties of the solutions are known , for a short window of time , one needs a numerical approximation scheme in order to have a quantitative forecast at any time of interest .	In this paper a fully implicit numerical method is proposed , analyzed and numerically tested for parabolic equations of porous media type and on a systems of two PDEs that models the sulfation of marble in monuments .	Due to the nonlinear nature of the underlying mathematical model , the use of a fixed point scheme is required and every step implies the solution of large , locally structured , linear systems .	A special effort is devoted to the spectral analysis of the relevant matrices and to the design of appropriate iterative or multi-iterative solvers , with special attention to preconditioned Krylov methods and to multigrid procedures .
+4	Hydrodynamic symmetries are then derived and investigated .	We introduce and study a new class of kinetic equations , which arise in the description of nonequilibrium macroscopic dynamics of soliton gases with elastic collisions between solitons .	These equations represent nonlinear integro-differential systems and have a novel structure , which we investigate by studying in detail the class of $ N $ -component `cold-gas ' hydrodynamic reductions .	We prove that these reductions represent integrable linearly degenerate hydrodynamic type systems for arbitrary $ N $ which is a strong evidence in favour of integrability of the full kinetic equation .	We derive compact explicit representations for the Riemann invariants and characteristic velocities of the hydrodynamic reductions in terms of the `cold-gas ' component densities and construct a number of exact solutions having special properties ( quasi-periodic , self-similar ) .
+3	The BPS-algebra itself is not a Lie-algebra .	This paper investigates the algebraic structure that exists on perturbative BPS-states in the superstring , compactified on the product of a circle and a Calabi-Yau fourfold .	This structure was defined in a recent article by Harvey and Moore .	It shown that for a toroidal compactification this algebra is related to a generalized Kac-Moody algebra .	However , it turns out to be possible to construct a Lie-algebra with the same graded dimensions , in terms of a half-twisted model .
+3	This result has been brought as evidence for Li depletion in metal-poor dwarfs .	I use literature data and a new temperature calibration to determine the Li abundances in the globular cluster M 92 .	Based on the same data , Boesgaard et al .	have claimed that there is a dispersion in Li abundances in excess of observational errors .	In the present note I argue that there is no strong evidence for intrinsic dispersion in Li abundances , although a dispersion as large as 0.18 dex is possible .
+4	Comparing to the cosmic star formation rate , we estimate that only about 0.1 % of massive stars explode as bright GRBs .	We calculate durations and spectral parameters for 207 Swift bursts detected by the BAT instrument from April 2007 to August 2009 , including 67 events with measured redshifts .	This is the first supplement to our catalog of 425 Swift GRBs ( 147 with redshifts ) starting from GRB041220 .	This complete and extensive data set , analyzed with a unified methodology , allows us to conduct an accurate census of intrinsic GRB energetics , hardnesses , durations , and redshifts .	The GRB world model we derive reproduces well the observables from both Swift and pre-Swift satellites .
+1	The synthesis theory sought in this case can be naturally viewed as a quantum analogue of linear electrical network synthesis theory and as such has potential for applications beyond the realization of coherent feedback controllers .	Recent theoretical and experimental investigations of coherent feedback control , the feedback control of a quantum system with another quantum system , has raised the important problem of how to synthesize a class of quantum systems , called the class of linear quantum stochastic systems , from basic quantum optical components and devices in a systematic way .	In earlier work , Nurdin , James and Doherty have established that an arbitrary linear quantum stochastic system can be realized as a cascade connection of simpler one degree of freedom quantum harmonic oscillators , together with a direct interaction Hamiltonian which is bilinear in the canonical operators of the oscillators .	However , from an experimental perspective and based on current methods and technologies , direct interaction Hamiltonians are challenging to implement for systems with more than just a few degrees of freedom .	In order to facilitate more tractable physical realizations of these systems , this paper develops a new synthesis algorithm for linear quantum stochastic systems that relies solely on field-mediated interactions , including in implementation of the direct interaction Hamiltonian .
+3	This distance is weakly dependent upon both the planet 's mass and disk viscosity .	We investigate gap formation in gaseous protostellar disks by a planet in a circular orbit in the limit of low disk viscosity .	This regime may be appropriate to an aging disk after the epoch of planet formation .	We find that the distance of planet to the gap outer boundary can be between the location of the $ m=2 $ and $ m=1 $ outer Lindblad resonances .	We find that the evolution of the disk edge takes place on two timescales .
+0	Motivation : The Stochastic Simulation Algorithm ( SSA ) has largely diffused in the field of systems biology .	This approach needs many realizations for establishing statistical results on the system under study .	It is very computationnally demanding , and with the advent of large models this burden is increasing .	Hence parallel implementation of SSA are needed to address these needs .	At the very heart of the SSA is the selection of the next reaction to occur at each time step , and to the best of our knowledge all implementations are based on an inverse transformation method .
+0	We consider various constraints on Higgsless models of electroweak symmetry breaking based on a bulk SU ( 2 ) _L x SU ( 2 ) _R x U ( 1 ) _ { B-L } gauge group in warped space .	First we show that the S parameter which is positive if fermions are localized on the Planck brane can be lowered ( or made vanishing ) by changing the localization of the light fermions .	If the wave function of the light fermions is almost flat their coupling to the gauge boson KK modes will be close to vanishing , and therefore contributions to the S parameter will be suppressed .	At the same time the experimental bounds on such Z ' and W ' gauge bosons become very weak , and their masses can be lowered to make sure that perturbative unitarity is not violated in this theory before reaching energies of several TeV .	The biggest difficulty of these models is to incorporate a heavy top quark mass without violating any of the experimental bounds on bottom quark gauge couplings .
+3	The effect of CO depletion onto the ice mantles of dust grains is limited to regions with AV & gt ; 10 mag and gas temperatures less than 20 K as predicted by chemical models that consider thermal-evaporation to desorb molecules from grain surfaces .	Infrared stellar photometry from 2MASS and spectral line imaging observations of 12CO and 13CO J = 1-0 line emission from the FCRAO 14m telescope are analysed to assess the variation of the CO abundance with physical conditions throughout the Orion A and Orion B molecular clouds .	Three distinct Av regimes are identified in which the ratio between the 13CO column density and visual extinction changes corresponding to the photon dominated envelope , the strongly self-shielded interior , and the cold , dense volumes of the clouds .	Within the strongly self-shielded interior of the Orion A cloud , the 13CO abundance varies by 100 % with a peak value located near regions of enhanced star formation activity .	Values of the molecular mass of each cloud are independently derived from the distributions of Av and 13CO column densities with a constant 13CO-to-H2 abundance over various extinction ranges .
+1	When building low-rank kernel approximations in KCCA , previous work mostly samples the landmarks uniformly at random from the training set .	We study the problem of column selection in large-scale kernel canonical correlation analysis ( KCCA ) using the Nystr\ '' om approximation , where one approximates two positive semi-definite kernel matrices using `` landmark '' points from the training set .	We propose novel strategies for sampling the landmarks non-uniformly based on a version of statistical leverage scores recently developed for kernel ridge regression .	We study the approximation accuracy of the proposed non-uniform sampling strategy , develop an incremental algorithm that explores the path of approximation ranks and facilitates efficient model selection , and derive the kernel stability of out-of-sample mapping for our method .	Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the promise of our method .
+0	It is widely assumed that neural activity related to synchronous rhythms of large portions of neurons in specific locations of the brain is responsible for the pathology manifested in patients ' uncontrolled tremor and other similar diseases .	To model such systems Hindmarsh-Rose ( HR ) oscillators are considered as appropriate as they mimic the qualitative behaviour of neuronal firing .	Here we consider a large number of identical HR-oscillators interacting through the mean field created by the corresponding components of all oscillators .	Introducing additional coupling by feedback of Pyragas type , proportional to the difference between the current value of the mean-field and its value some time in the past , Rosenblum and Pikovsky ( Phys.Rev .	E 70 , 041904 , 2004 ) demonstrated that the desirable desynchronization could be achieved with appropriate set of parameters for the system .
+3	We prove a direct product theorem : if we 're given two such problems , with optimal probabilities a and b , respectively , and the states in the first problem are pure , then the optimal probability for the joint bounded-error state identification problem is O ( ab ) .	We consider the problem of bounded-error quantum state identification : given either state \alpha_0 or state \alpha_1 , we are required to output `0 ' , `1 ' or ` ? '	( `` do n't know '' ) , such that conditioned on outputting `0 ' or `1 ' , our guess is correct with high probability .	The goal is to maximize the probability of not outputting ` ? ' .	Our proof is based on semidefinite programming duality and may be of wider interest .
+0	A number of about 1500 spectroscopically classified CP2 stars in the southern sky ( delta =-90 to -12 degrees ) was extracted from the Michigan Catalogue ( Vols.I - IV ) .	This sample was compared with the classification from Bidelman & amp ; Mc Connell ( 1973 ) .	We confirmed the spectral classification with the known photometric peculiarity indices in the Geneva system and in the 3-filter Delta a system ( Maitzen 1976 ) .	10 % of these stars show discordance between their respective types from the Michigan and Bidelman catalogues .	Several objects were measured with a CCD in the Delta a system in spring 1995 .
+0	We investigate the evolution of angular momentum in simulations of galaxy formation in a cold dark matter universe .	We analyse two model galaxies generated in the N-body/hydrodynamic simulations of Okamoto et al .	Starting from identical initial conditions , but using different assumptions for the baryonic physics , one of the simulations produced a bulge-dominated galaxy and the other one a disc-dominated galaxy .	The main difference is the treatment of star formation and feedback , both of which were designed to be more efficient in the disc-dominated object .	We find that the specific angular momentum of the disc-dominated galaxy tracks the evolution of the angular momentum of the dark matter halo very closely : the angular momentum grows as predicted by linear theory until the epoch of maximum expansion and remains constant thereafter .
+0	The recently discovered population of ultra-faint extended line emitters can account for the majority of the incidence rate of Damped Lyman Alpha systems ( DLAs ) at z ~ 3 if the line emission is interpreted as Ly alpha .	We show here that a model similar to that proposed by Haehnelt , Steinmetz , & amp ; Rauch ( 2000 ) , which explains the incidence rate and kinematics of DLAs in the context of $ \Lambda $ CDM models for structure formation , also reproduces the size distribution of the new population of faint Ly alpha emitters for plausible parameters .	This lends further support to identification of the emitters with the hitherto elusive population of DLA host galaxies .	The observed incidence rate of DLAs together with the observed space density and size distribution of the emitters suggest a duty cycle of ~ 0.2 - 0.4 for the Ly alpha emission from DLA host galaxies .	We further show that Ly alpha cooling is expected to contribute little to the Ly alpha emission for the majority of emitters .
+1	In the model considered , Boolean networks evolve via a competition between nodes that punishes those in the majority .	The effects of the finite size of the network on the evolutionary dynamics of a Boolean network are analyzed .	It is found that finite size networks evolve in a fundamentally different way than infinitely large networks do .	The symmetry of the evolutionary dynamics of infinitely large networks that selects for canalizing Boolean functions is broken in the evolutionary dynamics of finite size networks .	In finite size networks there is an additional selection for input inverting Boolean functions that output a value opposite to the majority of input values .
+2	In a certain kinematical limit , we recover the logarithmic terms of the next-to-leading order heavy quark effects obtained in the previous work .	We discuss the resummation of the large logarithmic terms appearing in the heavy quark effects on parton distribution functions inside the virtual photon .	We incorporate heavy quark mass effects by changing the initial condition of the leading-order DGLAP evolution equation .	This method enables us to resum the large logarithmic terms due to heavy quark mass effects on the parton distributions in the virtual photon .	We numerically calculate parton distributions using the formulae derived in this work , and discuss the property of the resummed heavy quark effects .
+4	The VDW parameters $ a $ and $ b $ are fixed to reproduce the properties of nuclear matter at saturation density $ n_0=0.16 $ fm $ ^ { -3 } $ and zero temperature .	The van der Waals ( VDW ) equation of state is a simple and popular model to describe the pressure function in equilibrium systems of particles with both repulsive and attractive interactions .	This equation predicts an existence of a first-order liquid-gas phase transition and contains a critical point .	Two steps to extend the VDW equation and make it appropriate for new physical applications are carried out in this paper : 1 ) the grand canonical ensemble formulation ; 2 ) an inclusion of the quantum statistics .	The VDW equation with Fermi statistics is then applied to a description of the system of interacting nucleons .
+1	In a certain limit , this means that a configuration of k parallel domain walls is described by a 2+1-dimensional U ( k ) gauge theory .	In pure N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills with gauge group SU ( N ) , the domain walls which separate the N vacua have been argued , on the basis of string theory realizations , to be D-branes for the confining string .	This theory has been identified by Acharya and Vafa as the U ( k ) gauge theory with 4 supercharges broken by a Chern-Simons term of level N in such a way that 2 supercharges are preserved .	We argue further that the gauge coupling of the domain wall gauge theory goes like g^2 ~ Lambda/N , for large N. In the case of two domain walls , we show that the U ( 2 ) world-volume theory generates a quadratic potential on the Coulomb branch at two loops in perturbation theory which is consistent with there being a supersymmetric bound state of the two wall system .	A mass gap of order Lambda/N is generated around the supersymmetric minimum and we estimate the size of the bound-state to be order Lambda/ \sqrt N. At large distance the potential reaches a constant that can qualitatively account for the binding energy of the two walls even though stringy effects are not , strictly speaking , decoupled .
+4	We applied this formalism to a chemical evolution model for the solar neighbourhood and compared the results obtained by assuming three possible values for beta with the results obtained by means of a standard , well-tested , constant IMF .	The initial mass function determines the fraction of stars of different intial mass born per stellar generation .	In this paper , we test the effects of the integrated galactic initial mass function ( IGIMF ) on the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood .	The IGIMF ( Weidner & amp ; Kroupa 2005 ) is computed from the combination of the stellar intial mass function ( IMF ) , i.e.the mass function of single star clusters , and the embedded cluster mass function , i.e.a power law with index beta .	By taking into account also the fact that the maximum achievable stellar mass is a function of the total mass of the cluster , the IGIMF becomes a time-varying IMF which depends on the star formation rate .
+1	The novel design feature of these molecules is the presence of either ( 1 ) crown-ether or ( 2 ) diaza-crown-ether bridges attached to the side of the current-carrying anthraquinone wire .	We investigate strategies for increasing the thermopower of crown-ether-bridged anthraquinones .	The crown-ether side groups selectively bind alkali- metal cations and when combined with TCNE or TTF dopants , provide a large phase-space for optimising thermoelectric properties .	We find that the optimum combination of cations and dopants depends on the temperature range of interest .	The thermopowers of both 1 and 2 are negative and at room temperature are optimised by binding with TTF alone , achieving thermpowers of -600 microvolts/K and -285 microvolts/K respectively .
+4	Physical parameters , such as internal reddening , ionization parameter , temperature , density , gas and stellar velocity dispersion were determined for each object .	Although the properties of the narrow-line region ( NLR ) of active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) have been deeply studied by many authors in the past three decades , many questions are still open .	The main goal of this work is to explore the NLR of Seyfert galaxies by collecting a large statistical spectroscopic sample of Seyfert 2 and Intermediate-type Seyfert galaxies having a high signal-to-noise ratio in order to take advantage of a high number of emission-lines to be accurately measured .	2153 Seyfert 2 and 521 Intermediate-type Seyfert spectra were selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey - Data Release 7 ( SDSS-DR7 ) with a diagnostic diagram based on the oxygen emission-line ratios .	All the emission-lines , broad components included , were measured by means of a self-developed code , after the subtraction of the stellar component .
+4	Thus , the structure of the 24 micron emission is self-similar even at milliparsec scales .	We investigate the density structure of the interstellar medium using new high-resolution maps of the 8 micron , 24 micron , and 70 micron surface brightness towards a molecular cloud in the Gum Nebula , made as part of the Spitzer Space Telescope Galactic First Look Survey .	The maps are correlated with 100 micron images measured with IRAS .	At 24 and 70 micron , the spatial power spectrum of surface brightness follows a power law with spectral index -3.5 .	At 24 micron , the power law behavior is remarkably consistent from the 0.2 degree size of our maps down to the 5 arcsecond spatial resolution .
+4	We offer a comparison between the LPTR and the excursion-set model of reionization ( ESMR ) , and demonstrate the built-in capability of the LPTR to explore a wide range of reionization scenarios , and to go beyond the ESMR in exploring scenarios involving X-rays .	The linear perturbation theory of inhomogeneous reionization ( LPTR ) has been developed as an analytical tool for predicting the global ionized fraction and large-scale power spectrum of ionized density fluctuations during reionization .	In the original formulation of the LPTR , the ionization balance and radiative transfer equations are linearized and solved in Fourier space .	However , the LPTR 's approximation to the full solution of the radiative transfer equation is not straightforward to interpret , since the latter is most intuitively conceptualized in position space .	To bridge the gap between the LPTR and the language of numerical radiative transfer , we present a new , equivalent , position-space formulation of the LPTR that clarifies the approximations it makes and facilitates its interpretation .
+4	We find that $ 11\pm4 % $ of Sun-like stars harbor an Earth-size planet receiving between one and four times the stellar intensity as Earth .	Determining whether Earth-like planets are common or rare looms as a touchstone in the question of life in the universe .	We searched for Earth-size planets that cross in front of their host stars by examining the brightness measurements of 42,000 stars from National Aeronautics and Space Administration 's Kepler mission .	We found 603 planets , including 10 that are Earth size ( 1-2 Earth-radii ) and receive comparable levels of stellar energy to that of Earth ( within a factor of four ) .	We account for Kepler 's imperfect detectability of such planets by injecting synthetic planet-caused dimmings into the Kepler brightness measurements and recording the fraction detected .
+2	We find evidence for duality between two type I compactifications recently proposed and a new heterotic construction that we present here .	We investigate the connections between four-dimensional , N=2 M-theory vacua constructed as orbifolds of type II , heterotic , and type I strings .	All these models have the same massless spectrum , which contains an equal number of vector multiplets and hypermultiplets , with a gauge group of the maximal rank allowed in a perturbative heterotic string construction .	This duality allows us to gain insight into the non-perturbative properties of these models .	In particular we consider gravitational corrections to the effective action .
+3	The obtained patterns represent a real space equilibrium probability distribution .	Ensemble averaging of molecular states is fundamental for the experimental determination of thermodynamic quantities .	A special case occurs for single-molecule investigations under equilibrium conditions , for which free energy , entropy and enthalpy at finite-temperatures are challenging to determine with ensemble-averaging alone .	Here , we provide a method to access single-molecule thermodynamics , by confining an individual molecule to a nanoscopic pore of a two-dimensional metal-organic nanomesh , where we directly record finite-temperature time-averaged statistical weights using temperature-controlled scanning tunneling microscopy .	We associate this distribution with a partition function projection to assess spatially resolved thermodynamic quantities , by means of computational modeling .
+4	As an application , we give a characterization for the Hyers-Ulam stability constants of the semi-Fredholm operators to be continuous .	In this paper , we establish a link between the Hyers-Ulam stability and the Moore -- Penrose inverse , that is , a closed operator has the Hyers-Ulam stability if and only if it has a bounded Moore-Penrose inverse .	Meanwhile , the stability constant can be determined in terms of the Moore-Penrose inverse .	Based on this result , some conditions for the perturbed operators having the Hyers -- Ulam stability are obtained and the Hyers-Ulam stability constant is expressed explicitly in the case of closed operators .	In the case of the bounded linear operators we obtain some characterizations for the Hyers-Ulam stability constants to be continuous .
+1	In this system , the effects of the low dimensionality and the magnetic frustration are expected to appear simultaneously .	We clarify that the antiferromagnetic order in the distorted tetrahedral quasi-one dimensional spin system induces electric polarizations .	We obtain the magnetic-field-temperature phase diagram in Cu3Mo2O9 by studying the dielectric constant and the spontaneous electric polarization .	Around the tricritical point at 10 T and 8 K , the change of the direction in the electric polarization causes a colossal magnetocapacitance .	We calculate the charge redistribution in the small spin cluster consisting of two magnetic tetrahedra to demonstrate the electric polarization induced by the antiferromagnetism .
+3	When $ K=3 $ and if $ L $ is finite , Bresler et al show that the number of degrees of freedom achievable with vector space interference alignment is bounded away from $ 1/2 $ , and the gap decreases inversely proportional to $ L $ .	We consider vector space interference alignment strategies over the $ K $ -user interference channel and derive an upper bound on the achievable degrees of freedom as a function of the channel diversity $ L $ , where the channel diversity is modeled by $ L $ real-valued parallel channels with coefficients drawn from a non-degenerate joint distribution .	The seminal work of Cadambe and Jafar shows that when $ L $ is unbounded , vector space interference alignment can achieve $ 1/2 $ degrees of freedom per user independent of the number of users $ K $ .	However wireless channels have limited diversity in practice , dictated by their coherence time and bandwidth , and an important question is the number of degrees of freedom achievable at finite $ L $ .	In this paper , we show that when $ K\geq4 $ , the gap is significantly larger .
+1	In addition to 63 clusters in the literature , we have found 39 new candidate clusters using a matched-filter technique and a counts-in-cells analysis .	We study the distribution of galaxies and galaxy clusters in a 10^deg x 6^deg field in the Aquarius region .	From redshift measurements of galaxies in the direction of these cluster candidates , we present new mean redshifts for 31 previously unobserved clusters , while improved mean redshifts are presented for 35 other systems .	About 45 % of the projected density enhancements are due to the superposition of clusters and/or groups of galaxies along the line of sight , but we could confirm for 72 % of the cases that the candidates are real physical associations similar to the ones classified as rich galaxy clusters .	On the other hand , the contamination due to galaxies not belonging to any concentration or located only in small groups along the line of sight is ~ 10 % .
+3	Upper bounds at 95 % confidence level are set on the production cross section of a W ' boson as predicted by an extended gauge model , and on the W'WZ coupling .	A search is performed in proton-proton collisions at sqrt ( s ) = 8 TeV for exotic particles decaying via WZ to fully leptonic final states with electrons , muons , and neutrinos .	The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns .	No significant excess is observed above the expected standard model background .	The expected and observed mass limits for a W ' boson , as predicted by this model , are 1.55 and 1.47 TeV , respectively .
+0	We compute for the first time very highly damped quasinormal modes of the ( rotating ) Kerr black hole .	Our numerical technique is based on a decoupling of the radial and angular equations , performed using a large-frequency expansion for the angular separation constant_ { s } A_ { l m } .	This allows us to go much further in overtone number than ever before .	We find that the real part of the quasinormal frequencies approaches a non-zero constant value which does not depend on the spin s of the perturbing field and on the angular index l : \omega_R=m\varpi ( a ) .	We numerically compute \varpi ( a ) .
+3	Precision and novelty of recommendation are not in the same direction , and practical systems should make a trade-off between these two quantities .	Recommendation systems have wide-spread applications in both academia and industry .	Traditionally , performance of recommendation systems has been measured by their precision .	By introducing novelty and diversity as key qualities in recommender systems , recently increasing attention has been focused on this topic .	Thus , it is an important feature of a recommender system to make it possible to adjust diversity and accuracy of the recommendations by tuning the model .
+3	Taking the iron monolayer as a matrix , we propose several interesting iron nanostructures with dramatically different magnetic properties .	Atomic-scale magnetic nanostructures are promising candidates for future information processing devices .	Utilizing external electric field to manipulate their magnetic properties is an especially thrilling project .	Here , by careful identifying different contributions of each atomic orbital to the magnetic anisotropy energy ( MAE ) of the ferromagnetic metal films , we argue that it is possible to engineer both the MAE and the magnetic response to the electric field of atomic-scale magnetic nanostructures .	Such nanostructures could exhibit strong magnetoelectric effect .
+3	The features are scalably generated by processing over 45 billion interactions from social networks every day , as well as by incorporating factors that indicate real world influence .	In this work , we present the Klout Score , an influence scoring system that assigns scores to 750 million users across 9 different social networks on a daily basis .	We propose a hierarchical framework for generating an influence score for each user , by incorporating information for the user from multiple networks and communities .	Over 3600 features that capture signals of influential interactions are aggregated across multiple dimensions for each user .	Supervised models trained from labeled data determine the weights for features , and the final Klout Score is obtained by hierarchically combining communities and networks .
+1	We also derived two effective low energy theories to assist in interpreting the numerical results .	Using the constrained-path Monte Carlo method , we studied the magnetic properties of the two-dimensional periodic Anderson model for electron fillings between 1/4 and 1/2 .	For 1/4 filling we found that the system can be a Mott or a charge transfer insulator , depending on the relative values of the Coulomb interaction and the charge transfer gap between the two non-interacting bands .	The insulator may be a paramagnet or antiferromagnet .	We concentrated on the effect of electron doping on these insulating phases .
+1	They may result from non-linear interactions of the solar wind MHD turbulence or are the boundaries of flux tubes that originate from the solar surface .	Current sheets are ubiquitous in the solar wind.They are a major source of the solar wind MHD turbulence intermittency .	Some current sheets appear in pairs and are the boundaries of transient structures such as magnetic holes and reconnection exhausts , or the edges of pulsed Alfv\ ' { e } n waves .	For an individual current sheet , discerning whether it is a flux tube boundary or due to non-linear interactions , or the boundary of a transient structure is difficult .	In this work , using data from the { \sl Wind } spacecraft , we identify two three-current-sheet events .
+1	We find that 1 ) the ratio , T $ _ { \rm N } $ , of the number of clusters , N $ _ { \rm CL } $ , to parent galaxy stellar mass , M $ _* $ , rises weakly with M $ _* $ for early-type galaxies with M $ _* & gt ; 10^ { 10 } $ M $ _\odot $ when we calculate galaxy masses using a universal stellar initial mass function ( IMF ) , but that the dependence of T $ _ { \rm N } $ on M $ _* $ is removed entirely once we correct for the recently uncovered systematic variation of IMF with M $ _* $ , and 2 ) for M $ _* & lt ; 10^ { 10 } $ M $ _\odot $ there is no trend between N $ _ { \rm CL } $ and M $ _* $ , the scatter in T $ _ { \rm N } $ is significantly larger ( approaching 2 orders of magnitude ) , and there is evidence to support a previous , independent suggestion of two families of galaxies .	Using 3.6 $ \mu $ m images of 97 early-type galaxies , we develop and verify methodology to measure globular cluster populations from the S $ ^4 $ G survey images .	The behavior of N $ _ { \rm CL } $ in the lower mass systems is more difficult to measure because these systems are inherently cluster poor , but our results may add to previous evidence that large variations in cluster formation and destruction efficiencies are to be found among low mass galaxies .	The average fraction of stellar mass in clusters is $ \sim $ 0.0014 for M $ _* & gt ; 10^ { 10 } $ M $ _\odot $ and can be as large as $ \sim 0.02 $ for less massive galaxies .	These are the first results from the S $ ^4 $ G sample of galaxies , and will be enhanced by the sample of early-type galaxies now being added to S $ ^4 $ G and complemented by the study of later type galaxies within S $ ^4 $ G .
+4	Their structure can be resolved by stellar and quasi-stellar sources which show sudden changes in brightness or even sudden disappearances ( sometimes within hours ) as edges are crossed .	Intrinsically cold particle dark matter inevitably creates halos with sharp discontinuities in projected surface density caused by the projection of fold catastrophes onto the sky .	In principle , these imperfections can be detected and measured with gravitational lensing through discontinuities in image magnification and image structure .	Lens solutions are discussed for the most common universal classes of discontinuities .	Edges caused by cold particles such as condensed axions and thermal WIMPs are very sharp , respectively about $ 10^ { -12 } $ and $ 10^ { -7 } $ of the halo scale .
+4	The spatial distribution of the CO ( 3-2 ) /CO ( 1-0 ) integrated brightness temperature ratios mainly range between 0.3 and 0.8 , which suggests that on average the CO ( 3-2 ) line in the Antennae is not completely thermalized and similar to the average values of nearby spirals .	We present a ~ 1 '' ( 100 pc ) resolution 12CO ( 3-2 ) map of the nearby intermediate stage interacting galaxy pair NGC 4038/9 ( the Antennae galaxies ) obtained with the Submillimeter Array .	We find that half the CO ( 3-2 ) emission originates in the overlap region where most of the tidally induced star formation had been previously found in shorter wavelength images , with the rest being centered on each of the nuclei .	The gross distribution is consistent with lower resolution single dish images , but we show for the first time the detailed distribution of the warm and dense molecular gas across this galaxy pair at resolutions comparable to the size of a typical giant molecular complex .	While we find that 58 % ( 33/57 ) of the spatially resolved Giant Molecular Associations ( GMAs ; a few x 100 pc ) are located in the overlap region , only \leqq 30 % spatially coincides with the optically detected star clusters , suggesting that the bulk of the CO ( 3-2 ) emission traces the regions with very recent or near future star formation activity .
+3	This argument has lead to questions on the consistency of the magnitude of the LSND muon neutrino cross sections on $ ^ { 12 } $ C relative to other lower energy weak processes .	The problem with the use of scaling arguments for simultaneous studies of different weak interaction processes is discussed .	When different neutrino scattering cross sections involving quite different momentum transfers are being compared it difficult to define a meaningful single scaling factor to renormalize calculated cross sections .	It has been suggested that the use of such scaling can be used to estimate high energy neutrino cross sections from low energy neutrino cross sections .	The issue is revisited here and from inspection of the structure of the form factors involved it is seen that the problem arises from a poor description of the transition form factors at high momentum transfer .
+0	Superstring theory , models with extra dimensions and other SUSY models generically predict that the coupling constants are in fact vacuum expectation values of fields like the dilaton , moduli etc .	Assuming some of these fields are light during inflation , we get generation of small classical inhomogeneities in these fields from inflation .	Consequently , coupling constants inherit small inhomogeneities at scales much larger than the causal horizon in the early universe .	After the moduli get pinned down to their minima , the spatial variations of coupling constants in the late time universe will be erased .	However , inhomogeneities in coupling constants in the very early universe would generate modulated large scale fluctuations in all relic species that are produced due to interactions and freezing out .
+0	We examine the latest data on the cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745 from the Hubble Frontier Fields campaign .	The critically lensed area is the largest known of any lens and very irregular making it a challenge for parametric modelling .	Using our Free-Form method we obtain an accurate solution , identify here many new sets of multiple images , doubling the number of constraints and improving the reconstruction of the dark matter distribution .	Our reconstructed mass map shows several distinct central substructures with shallow density profiles , clarifying earlier work and defining well the relation between the dark matter distribution and the luminous and X-ray peaks within the critically lensed region .	Using our free-form method , we are able to meaningfully subtract the mass contribution from cluster members to the deflection field to trace the smoothly distributed cluster dark matter distribution .
+4	This produces measurable effects , including path-dependent charge violation .	Spontaneous breaking of global symmetries can produce `` Alice '' strings : line defects which make unbroken symmetries multivalued , induce apparent charge violation via Aharonov-Bohm interactions , and form point defects when twisted into loops .	We demonstrate this behavior for both divergent and textured global Alice strings .	Both adiabatically scatter charged particles via effective Wilson lines .	For textured Alice strings , such Wilson lines occur at all radii , and are multivalued only inside the string .
+1	Most of our objects are defined identically to those in the public STScI catalogs , enabling straightforward object-by-object comparison .	We present aperture-matched PSF-corrected BVi'z'JH photometry and Bayesian photometric redshifts ( BPZ ) for objects detected in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field ( UDF ) , 8,042 of which are detected at the 10-sigma level ( e.g. , i ' & lt ; 29.01 or z ' & lt ; 28.43 ) .	We have combined detections from i ' , z ' , J+H , and B+V+i'+z ' images into a single comprehensive segmentation map .	Using a new program called SExSeg we are able to force this segmentation map into SExtractor for photometric analysis .	The resulting photometry is corrected for the wider NIC3 PSFs using our ColorPro software .
+1	Local evolution moves in variational discrete systems ( 1 ) are a generalization of the Pachner evolution moves of simplicial gravity models , ( 2 ) update only a small subset of the dynamical data , ( 3 ) change the number of kinematical and physical degrees of freedom , and ( 4 ) generate a dynamical coarse graining or refining of the underlying discretization .	Several quantum gravity approaches and field theory on an evolving lattice involve a discretization changing dynamics generated by evolution moves .	To systematically explore such local moves and their implications in the quantum theory , this article suitably expands the quantum formalism for global evolution moves , constructed in a companion paper , by employing that global moves can be decomposed into sequences of local moves .	This formalism is spelled out for systems with Euclidean configuration spaces .	Various types of local moves , the different kinds of constraints generated by them , the constraint preservation and possible divergences in resulting state sums are discussed .
+0	We address two fundamental and well-known problems of Gromov and Lyndon : \demo { Problem A } ( Gromov , see [ 5 ] ) .	Consider a category $ M_n $ of closed manifolds of dimension $ n $ with nonzero-degree ways as morphisms .	Study a partial order $ M \ge N \Leftrightarrow Mor ( M , N ) \neq \phi $ .	For which $ N $ the degrees of maps $ f : M \to N $ are bounded for all $ M $ ?	\demo { Problem B } ( Lyndon , [ 12 ] , problem 13 ) .
+2	In this paper , we introduce algebraic sets , which are determinantal varieties in the complex projective spaces or the products of complex projective spaces , for the mixed states in bipartite or multipartite quantum systems as their invariants under local unitary transformations .	Quantum entanglement was first recognized as a feature of quantum mechanics in the famous paper of Einstein , Podolsky and Rosen [ 18 ] .	Recently it has been realized that quantum entanglement is a key ingredient in quantum computation , quantum communication and quantum cryptography ( [ 16 ] , [ 17 ] , [ 6 ] ) .	These invariants are naturally arised from the physical consideration of measuring mixed states by separable pure states .	In this way algebraic geometry and complex differential geometry of these algebraic sets turn to be powerful tools for the understanding of quantum enatanglement .
+0	We develop a method to enable collaborative modelling of gravitational lenses and lens candidates , that could be used by non-professional lens enthusiasts .	It uses an existing free-form modelling program ( glass ) , but enables the input to this code to be provided in a novel way , via a user-generated diagram that is essentially a sketch of an arrival-time surface .	We report on an implementation of this method , SpaghettiLens , which has been tested in a modelling challenge using 29 simulated lenses drawn from a larger set created for the Space Warps citizen science strong lens search .	We find that volunteers from this online community asserted the image parities and time ordering consistently in some lenses , but made errors in other lenses depending on the image morphology .	While errors in image parity and time ordering lead to large errors in the mass distribution , the enclosed mass was found to be more robust : the model-derived Einstein radii found by the volunteers were consistent with those produced by one of the professional team , suggesting that given the appropriate tools , gravitational lens modelling is a data analysis activity that can be crowd-sourced to good effect .
+2	Such steps minimize the number of conflicting edges between these triangulations .	There are no known efficient algorithms to calculate distance in the one-skeleta of associahedra , a problem which is equivalent to finding rotation distance between rooted binary trees .	One approximate measure of distance in associahedra is the extent to which the edges in the attached triangulations are incompatible , and a natural way of trying to find shortest paths is to maximize locally the number of compatible edges between triangulations .	We describe examples which show that the number of conflicts does not always decrease along geodesics .	Thus , a greedy algorithm which always chooses a transformation which reduces conflicts will not produce a geodesic in all cases .
+1	These new states of quantum matter could be one of the missing links for the realization of quantum computing [ 8,9 ] and will probably result in new spintronic or magnetoelectric devices .	Topological insulators [ 1-6 ] is a new quantum phase of matter with exotic properties such as dissipationless transport and protection against Anderson localization [ 7 ] .	Moreover , topological insulators will be a strong competitor with graphene in electronic application .	Because of these potential application the topological insulator research has literally exploded during the last year .	Motivated by the fact that up-to-date only few 3D systems are identified to belong to this new quantum phase [ 10-18 ] we have used massive computing in combination with data-mining to search for new strong topological insulators .
+2	For MgCNi3-xCux , solubility of Cu is limited to approximately 3 % ( x = 0.1 ) , and Tc decreases systematically from 7K to 6K .	The effects of partial substitution of Cu and Co for Ni in the intermetallic perovskite superconductor MgCNi3 are reported .	Calculation of the expected electronic density of states suggests that electron ( Cu ) and hole ( Co ) doping should have different effects .	For MgCNi3-xCox , solubility of Co is much more extensive , but bulk superconductivity disappears for Co doping of 1 % ( x = 0.03 ) .	No signature of long range magnetic ordering is observed in the magnetic susceptibility of the Co doped material .
+2	The model being biologically motivated , some restrictions with respect to the full parameter space naturally occur .	This paper deals with parameter estimation in pair hidden Markov models ( pair-HMMs ) .	We first provide a rigorous formalism for these models and discuss possible definitions of likelihoods .	Existence of two different Information divergence rates is established and divergence property ( namely positivity at values different from the true one ) is shown under additional assumptions .	This yields consistency for the parameter in parametrization schemes for which the divergence property holds .
+0	The flavor structure of a wide class of models , denoted as next to minimal flavor violation ( NMFV ) , is considered .	In the NMFV framework , new physics ( NP ) , which is required for stabilization of the electroweak symmetry breaking ( EWSB ) scale , naturally couples ( dominantly ) to the third generation quarks and is quasi-aligned with the Yukawa matrices .	Consequently , new sources of flavor and CP violation are present in the theory , mediated by a low scale of few TeV .	However , in spite of the low flavor scale , the most severe bounds on the scale of NP are evaded since these are related to flavor violation in the first two generations .	Instead , one typically finds that the NP contributions are comparable in size to SM loop processes .
+3	We test the method thoroughly with surrogate data sets .	We report a general technique to study a given experimental time series with superstatistics .	Crucial for the applicability of the superstatistics concept is the existence of a parameter $ \beta $ that fluctuates on a large time scale as compared to the other time scales of the complex system under consideration .	The proposed method extracts the main superstatistical parameters out of a given data set and examines the validity of the superstatistical model assumptions .	Then the applicability of the superstatistical approach is illustrated using real experimental data .
+1	to group a collection of objects into similar groups with respect to a similarity ( or dissimilarity ) measure .	\textit { Clustering problems } often arise in the fields like data mining , machine learning etc .	Among the clustering problems , specifically \textit { $ k $ -means } clustering has got much attention from the researchers .	Despite the fact that $ k $ -means is a very well studied problem its status in the plane is still an open problem .	In particular , it is unknown whether it admits a PTAS in the plane .
+2	In this paper we show that both formulations can be simplified when written in a manifestly parity invariant form as integrals over holomorphic maps of bi-degree ( d , n-d-2 ) .	Two very different formulations of the tree-level S-matrix of N=8 Einstein supergravity in terms of rational maps are known to exist .	In both formulations , the computation of a scattering amplitude of n particles in the k R-charge sector involves an integral over the moduli space of certain holomorphic maps of degree d=k-1 .	In one formulation the full integrand becomes directly the product of the resultants of each of the two maps defining the one of bi-degree ( d , n-d-2 ) .	In the second formulation , a very different structure appears .
+4	These properties are all Smarandache in nature .	The pair $ ( G_H , \cdot ) $ is called a special loop if $ ( G , \cdot ) $ is a loop with an arbitrary subloop $ ( H , \cdot ) $ .	A special loop $ ( G_H , \cdot ) $ is called a second Smarandache Bol loop ( S $ _ { 2^ { { \tiny\textrm { nd } } } } $ BL ) if and only if it obeys the second Smarandache Bol identity $ ( xs\cdot z ) s=x ( sz\cdot s ) $ for all $ x , z $ in $ G $ and $ s $ in $ H $ .	The popularly known and well studied class of loops called Bol loops fall into this class and so S $ _ { 2^ { { \tiny\textrm { nd } } } } $ BLs generalize Bol loops .	The basic properties of S $ _ { 2^ { { \tiny\textrm { nd } } } } $ BLs are studied .
+1	The Seyfert 2 galaxy , NGC 7319 , the brightest member of the compact group , is seen to have a triple radio structure typical of many extra-galactic radio sources which have a flat spectrum core and two steep spectrum lobes with hot spots .	We present MERLIN L-band images of the compact galaxy group , Stephan 's Quintet .	The two lobes are asymmetrically distributed on opposite sides of the core along the minor axis of the galaxy .	Ultraviolet emission revealed in a high resolution HRC/ACS HST image is strongly aligned with the radio plasma and we interpret the intense star formation in the core and north lobe as an event induced by the collision of the north radio jet with over-dense ambient material .	In addition , a re-mapping of archive VLA L-band observations reveals more extended emission along the major axis of the galaxy which is aligned with the optical axis .
+1	Making use of the multiplicities in the spectrum of the Laplacian , we put a Gaussian measure on the eigenspaces and use it to average over the eigenspace .	We study nodal sets for typical eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on the standard torus in 2 or more dimensions .	We consider a sequence of eigenvalues with multiplicity N tending to infinity .	The quantity that we study is the Leray , or microcanonical , measure of the nodal set .	We show that the expected value of the Leray measure of an eigenfunction is constant .
+0	Approximate flavor symmetries in the quark sector have been used as a handle on physics beyond the Standard Model .	Due to the great interest in neutrino masses and mixings and the wealth of existing and proposed neutrino experiments it is important to extend this analysis to the leptonic sector .	We show that in the see-saw mechanism , the neutrino masses and mixing angles do not depend on the details of the right-handed neutrino flavor symmetry breaking , and are related by a simple formula .	We propose several ans\ '' { a } tze which relate different flavor symmetry breaking parameters and find that the MSW solution to the solar neutrino problem is always easily fit .	Further , the $ \nu_\mu - \nu_\tau $ oscillation is unlikely to solve the atmospheric neutrino problem and , if we fix the neutrino mass scale by the MSW solution , the neutrino masses are found to be too small to close the Universe .
+2	The radio counterpart is highly variable , and was detected in six of sixteen observations over the period 2006 January -- April .	We report radio observations , made with the Australia Telescope Compact Array , of the X-ray transient XTE J1701-462 .	This system has been classified as a new `Z ' source , displaying characteristic patterns of behaviour probably associated with accretion onto a low magnetic field neutron star at close to the Eddington limit .	The coupling of radio emission to X-ray state , despite limited sampling , appears to be similar to that of other `Z ' sources , in that there is no radio emission on the flaring branch .	The mean radio and X-ray luminosities are consistent with the other Z sources for a distance of 5 -- 15 kpc .
+2	This estimator has a scatter of sigma = 0.31 dex in log ( G_ { HI } /S ) , compared to sigma ~ 0.4 dex for previous estimators that were based on colour alone .	We use a sample of 800 galaxies with H I mass measurements from the HyperLeda catalogue and optical photometry from the fourth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to calibrate a new photometric estimator of the H I to-stellar mass ratio for nearby galaxies .	Our estimator , which is motivated by the Kennicutt-Schmidt star formation law , is log ( G_ { HI } /S ) = -1.73238 ( g-r ) + 0.215182mu_i - 4.08451 , where mu_i is the i-band surface brighteness and g-r is the optical colour estimated from the g- and r-band Petrosian apparent agnitudes .	We investigate whether the residuals in our estimate of log ( G_ { HI } /S ) depend in a systematic way on a variety of different galaxy properties .	We find no effect as a function of stellar mass or 4000A break strength , but there is a systematic effect as a function of the concentration index of the light .
+3	In this talk I will draw the status of art of this site assessment putting our studies in the context of the wide international site testing activity that has been done in Antarctica .	The internal antarctic plateau revealed in the last years to be a site with interesting potentialities for the astronomical applications due to the extreme dryness and low temperatures , the typical high altitude of the plateau , the weak level of turbulence in the free atmosphere down to a just few tens of meters from the ground and the thin optical turbulence layer developed at the ground .	The main goal of a site testing assessment above the internal antarctic plateau is to characterize the site ( optical turbulence and classical meteorological parameters ) and to quantify which is the gain we might obtain with respect to equivalent astronomical observations done above mid-latitude sites to support plans for future astronomical facilities .	Our group is involved , since a few years , in studies related to the assessment of this site for astronomical applications that include the characterization of the meteorological parameters and optical turbulence provided by general circulation models as well as mesoscale atmospherical models and the quantification of the performances of Adaptive Optics ( AO ) systems .	I will focus on the site assessment relevant for astronomical applications to be done in the visible up to the near infrared ranges , i.e.those ranges for which the optical turbulence represents a perturbing element for the quality of the images and the AO techniques an efficient tool to correct these wavefront perturbations .
+3	Low-resolution imaging of the \CI lines ( in which the target galaxy is resolved into three to four beams ) will detect ~80 per cent of the H2 in less than 12 h of aperture synthesis .	We use a high-resolution hydrodynamic simulation that tracks the non-equilibrium abundance of molecular hydrogen within a massive high-redshift galaxy to produce mock Atacama Large Millimeter Array ( ALMA ) maps of the fine-structure lines of atomic carbon , CI 1-0 and CI 2-1 .	Inspired by recent observational and theoretical work , we assume that CI is thoroughly mixed within giant molecular clouds and demonstrate that its emission is an excellent proxy for H2 .	Nearly all of the H2 associated with the galaxy can be detected at redshifts z & lt ; 4 using a compact interferometric configuration with a large synthesized beam ( that does not resolve the target galaxy ) in less than 4 h of integration time .	In this case , the resulting data cube also provides the crucial information necessary for determining the dynamical state of the galaxy .
+0	An iterative map of the unit disc in the complex plane ( Appendix ) is used to explore certain aspects of selfdual , four dimensional gauge fields ( quasi ) periodic in the Euclidean time .	These fields are characterized by two topological numbers and contain standard instantons and monopoles as different limits .	The iterations do not correspond directly to a discretized time evolution of the gauge fields .	They are implemented in an indirect fashion .	First , ( t , r , \theta , \phi ) being the standard coordinates , the ( r , t ) half plane is mapped on the unit disc in an appropriate way .
+1	This method reproduces the known solution of the two dimensional $ SU ( N ) $ theory .	After adding auxiliary fields and integrating out the original variables , the Yang-Mills action can be expressed in terms of local gauge invariant variables .	In more than two dimensions the action splits into a topological part and a part proportional to $ \alpha_s $ .	We demonstrate the procedure for $ SU ( 2 ) $ in three dimensions where we reproduce a gravity-like theory .	We discuss the four dimensional case as well .
+2	Using a perturbation parameter given in terms of the gravitational radius of the black hole and the light ray 's impact parameter , we determine an invariant series for the strong-deflection bending angle that extends beyond the standard logarithmic deflection term used in the literature .	The bending angle of light is a central quantity in the theory of gravitational lensing .	We develop an analytical perturbation framework for calculating the bending angle of light rays lensed by a Schwarzschild black hole .	In the process , we discovered an improvement to the standard logarithmic deflection term .	Our perturbation framework is also used to derive as a consistency check , the recently found weak deflection bending angle series .
+2	Only certain portions of the filaments show twisting motions .	We present an analysis of twisting motions in penumbral filaments in sunspots located at heliocentric angles from $ 30^\circ $ to $ 48^\circ $ using three time series of blue continuum images obtained by the Broadband Filter Imager ( BFI ) onboard { \it Hinode } .	The relations of the twisting motions to the filament brightness and the position within the filament and within the penumbra , respectively , are investigated .	In a statistical sense , the part of the twisting portion of a filament located closest to the umbra is brightest and possesses the fastest twisting motion , with a mean twisting velocity of 2.1\ , km\ , s $ ^ { -1 } $ .	The middle and outer sections of the twisting portion of the filament ( lying increasingly further from the umbra ) , which are less bright , have mean velocities of 1.7\ , km\ , s $ ^ { -1 } $ and 1.35\ , km\ , s $ ^ { -1 } $ , respectively .
+4	We also briefly discuss the relation to existing experiments on artificial vortex channels .	Incommensurate easy flow channels in an otherwise perfect vortex lattice are investigated .	The associated ( point ) defects in the lattice inside the channel cause an almost vanishing critical current , as shown by molecular dynamics simulations and a comparison with the Frenkel-Kontorova model .	In addition to the normal flux flow behavior we find a low mobility regime at small drives associated with defect motion .	We treat this situation analytically for the case of a single defective vortex row .
+0	Stochastic algorithms are efficient approaches to solving machine learning and optimization problems .	In this paper , we propose a general framework called Splash for parallelizing stochastic algorithms on multi-node distributed systems .	Splash consists of a programming interface and an execution engine .	Using the programming interface , the user develops sequential stochastic algorithms without concerning any detail about distributed computing .	The algorithm is then automatically parallelized by a communication-efficient execution engine .
+4	We report both continuous and discrete manipulations of the temporal positions of picosecond light pulses , with the ability to simultaneously and independently control several pulses within a train .	Optical tweezers use laser light to trap and move microscopic particles in space .	Here we demonstrate a similar control over ultrashort light pulses , but in time .	Our experiment involves temporal cavity solitons that are stored in a passive loop of optical fiber pumped by a continuous-wave `` holding '' laser beam .	The cavity solitons are trapped into specific time slots through a phase-modulation of the holding beam , and moved around in time by manipulating the phase profile .
+1	It is proved that if an ideal has a finite Pommaret basis then the latter is a minimal Janet basis .	In this paper the relation between Pommaret and Janet bases of polynomial ideals is studied .	An improved version of the related algorithm for computation of Janet bases , initially designed by Zharkov , is described .	For an ideal with a finite Pommaret basis , the algorithm computes this basis .	Otherwise , the algorithm computes a Janet basis which need not be minimal .
+3	I present significant ( numerical ) evidence that solutions with arbitrarily negative energy may be found among these distorted orientifolds .	Negative mass brane-like objects known as orientifolds are crucial in the construction of all presently understood realistic string compactifications and I review in general the link between negative energy objects and the existence of a landscape of metastable vacua .	While in string perturbation theory these solutions are non-dynamical , and hence avoid the usual instabilities of negative tension objects , beyond perturbation theory it is well known that one may lift orientifolds in M-theory to solutions well described by classical general relativity and which consequently may be distorted in a variety of ways .	I review the failure of the usual positive energy theorems , as well as several supersymmetric stability arguments , in this context and demonstrate that one may smoothly distort the lifted orientifold , preserving the boundary conditions , into solutions of lower energy .	Consequently , I suggest that this instability is a fatal one and hence there is little reason to believe in the existence of a string theory landscape .
+3	It is known that almost all elementary number-theoretical texts begin with Division algorithm .	When people mention the mathematical achievements of Euclid , his geometrical achievements always spring to mind .	But , his Number-Theoretical achievements ( See Books 7 , 8 and 9 in his magnum opus \emph { Elements } [ 1 ] ) are rarely spoken .	The object of this paper is to affirm the number-theoretical role of Euclid and the historical significance of Euclid 's algorithm .	However , Euclid did not do like this .
+4	We solve the model exactly through the Bethe ansatz and the dynamical critical exponent $ z $ is calculated from the finite-size corrections of the mass gap of the related quantum chain .	A generalization of the simple exclusion asymmetric model is introduced .	In this model an arbitrary mixture of molecules with distinct sizes $ s = 0,1,2 , ... $ , in units of lattice space , diffuses asymmetrically on the lattice .	A related surface growth model is also presented .	Variations of the distribution of molecules 's sizes may change the excluded volume almost continuously .
+2	We focus on the evidence for periodicity that has emerged thus far , and conclude that there is indeed some evidence that periodicity may be real , though of course more work is needed .	One of the longstanding debates in the history of paleontology focuses on the issue of whether or not there have been long term cycles ( operating over tens of millions of years ) in biodiversity and extinction .	Here we consider the history of this debate by connecting the skein from Grabau up to 2008 .	We also comment on possible causal mechanisms , focusing especially on the motion of our solar system in the Galaxy .	Moreover , we consider the reasons why some scientists have opposed periodicity over the years .
+2	This model is a discrete model , has a gauge symmetry , and is called the Potts gauge glass model .	A Potts glass model proposed by Nishimori and Stephen [ H. Nishimori and M. J. Stephen , Phys.Rev .	B 27 , 5644 ( 1983 ) ] is analyzed by means of the replica mean field theory .	By comparing the present results with the results of the conventional Potts glass model , we find the coincidences and differences between the models .	We find a coincidence that the property for the Potts glass phase in this model is coincident with that in the conventional model at the mean field level .
+3	The equations of motion for all such models with quantum corrections are written in a form convenient for numerical analysis .	We consider N=1 two-dimensional ( 2d ) dilatonic supergravity ( SG ) , 2d dilatonic SG obtained by dimensional reduction from N=1 four-dimensional ( 4d ) SG , N=2 2d dilatonic SG and string-inspired 4d dilatonic SG .	For all the theories , the corresponding action on a bosonic background is constructed and the interaction with $ N $ ( dilatonic ) Wess-Zumino ( WZ ) multiplets is presented .	Working in the large-N approximation , it is enough to consider the trace anomaly induced effective action due to dilaton-coupled conformal matter as a quantum correction ( for 2d models s-waves approximation is additionally used ) .	Their solutions are numerically investigated for 2d and 4d Friedmann-Robertson-Walker ( FRW ) or 4d Kantowski-Sacks Universes with a time-dependent dilaton via exponential dilaton coupling .
+0	First , using the method of the soliton-solution , the fermion probability density equation , which corresponds to the Dirac equation , is derived .	Next , we extend the chaos theory , in which the period bifurcation is equivalent to the particle production .	Then this extended chaos theory can be used for description of the multiparticle production and the extensive air showers at high energy .	Let the parameter takes a suitable value , the quantitative results will be obtained , and an approximate formula will be derived .	Many properties of the multiparticle production and of the chaos theory are universal .
+2	We investigate the conformations with regard to the parameters chain length , Coulomb interaction strength , and solvent quality , and explore in which regime the competition between short range hydrophobic interactions and long range Coulomb interactions leads to pearl-necklace like structures .	Using molecular dynamics simulations we study the behavior of a dilute solution of strongly charged polyelectrolytes in poor solvents , where we take counterions explicitly into account .	We focus on the chain conformational properties under conditions where chain-chain interactions can be neglected , but the counterion concentration remains finite .	We observe that large number and size fluctuations in the pearls and strings lead to only small direct signatures in experimental observables like the single chain form factor .	Furthermore we do not observe the predicted first order collapse of the necklace into a globular structure when counterion condensation sets in .
+1	Jaynes , originator of the maximum entropy interpretation of statistical mechanics , emphasized that there is an inevitable trade-off between the conflicting requirements of robustness and accuracy for any inferencing algorithm .	E.T .	This is because robustness requires discarding of information in order to reduce the sensitivity to outliers .	The principal of nonlinear statistical coupling , which is an interpretation of the Tsallis entropy generalization , can be used to quantify this trade-off .	The coupled-surprisal , -ln_k ( p ) =- ( p^k-1 ) /k , is a generalization of Shannon surprisal or the logarithmic scoring rule , given a forecast p of a true event by an inferencing algorithm .
+0	We present time-resolved optical spectroscopy of the counterpart to the high-inclination black hole low-mass X-ray binary Swift J1357.2-0933 in quiescence .	Absorption features from the mass donor star were not detected .	Instead the spectra display prominent broad double-peaked Halpha emission and weaker HeI emission lines .	From the Halpha peak-to-peak separation we constrain the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the donor star to & gt ; 789 km/s .	Further analysis through radial velocity and equivalent width measurements indicates that the Halpha line is free of variability due to S-wave components or disc eclipses .
+1	We have treated galaxy formation with the Press-Schecter approximation for both cold dark matter ( CDM ) and cold+hot dark matter ( CHDM ) models .	We present models of the extragalactic background light ( EBL ) based on several scenarios of galaxy formation and evolution .	Galaxy evolution has been treated by considering a variety of stellar types , different initial mass functions and star formation histories , and with an accounting of dust absorption and emission .	We find that the dominant factor influencing the EBL is the epoch of galaxy formation .	A recently proposed method for observing the EBL utilizing the absorption of $ \sim 0.1 $ to 10 TeV gamma-rays from active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) is shown to be capable of discriminating between different galaxy formation epochs .
+0	Feynman 's Lagrangian path integral was an outgrowth of Dirac 's vague surmise that Lagrangians have a role in quantum mechanics .	Lagrangians implicitly incorporate Hamilton 's first equation of motion , so their use contravenes the uncertainty principle , but they are relevant to semiclassical approximations and relatedly to the ubiquitous case that the Hamiltonian is quadratic in the canonical momenta , which accounts for the Lagrangian path integral 's `` success '' .	Feynman also invented the Hamiltonian phase-space path integral , which is fully compatible with the uncertainty principle .	We recast this as an ordinary functional integral by changing direct integration over subpaths constrained to all have the same two endpoints into an equivalent integration over those subpaths ' unconstrained second derivatives .	Function expansion with generalized Legendre polynomials of time then enables the functional integral to be unambiguously evaluated through first order in the elapsed time , yielding the Schroedinger equation with a unique quantization of the classical Hamiltonian .
+4	The inclusion of null infinity as part of the numerical grid allows us to apply suitable boundary conditions on the metric and the matter fields to suppress unphysical divergent solutions .	This thesis describes the application of numerical techniques to solve Einstein 's field equations in three distinct cases .	First we present the first long-term stable second order convergent Cauchy characteristic matching code in cylindrical symmetry including both gravitational degrees of freedom .	Compared with previous work we achieve a substantial simplification of the evolution equations as well as the relations at the interface by factoring out the z-Killing direction via the Geroch decomposition in both the Cauchy and the characteristic region .	In the second part we numerically solve the equations for static and dynamic cosmic strings of infinite length coupled to gravity and provide the first fully non-linear evolutions of cosmic strings in curved spacetimes .
+4	A key difference of CCF from CF is an extra compressing stage inserted in between the computing and forwarding stages of a relay , so as to reduce the forwarding information rate of the relay .	Compute-and-forward ( CF ) harnesses interference in a wireless networkby allowing relays to compute combinations of source messages .	The computed message combinations at relays are correlated , and so directly forwarding these combinations to a destination generally incurs information redundancy and spectrum inefficiency .	To address this issue , we propose a novel relay strategy , termed compute-compress-and-forward ( CCF ) .	In CCF , source messages are encoded using nested lattice codes constructed on a chain of nested coding and shaping lattices .
+3	They are found to be a generalization of half-flat manifolds with a particular pattern of torsion classes and they include half-flat manifolds and Strominger 's complex non-Kahler manifolds as special cases .	In this thesis , we consider heterotic string vacua based on a warped product of a four-dimensional domain wall and a six-dimensional internal manifold preserving only two supercharges .	Thus , they correspond to half-BPS states of heterotic supergravity .	The constraints on the internal manifolds with SU ( 3 ) structure are derived .	We also verify that heterotic compactifications on half-flat mirror manifolds are based on this class of solutions .
+4	The main reason being that the Planck scale should not be taken as a deformation parameter to construct quantum algebras but should exist already as the minimum scale in Clifford spaces .	We present a new physical model that links the maximum speed of light with the minimal Planck scale into a maximal-acceleration Relativity principle in the spacetime tangent bundle and in phase spaces ( cotangent bundle ) .	Crucial in order to establish this link is the use of Clifford algebras in phase spaces .	The maximal proper-acceleration bound is a = c^2/ \Lambda in full agreement with the old predictions of Caianiello , the Finslerian geometry point of view of Brandt and more recent results in the literature .	We present the reasons why an Extended Scale Relativity based on Clifford spaces is physically more appealing than those based on kappa-deformed Poincare algebras and the inhomogeneous quantum groups operating in quantum Minkowski spacetimes .
+3	We measure magnetic field density of an order of 1 Gauss in the core .	We present first results from a multifrequency VLBA observations of 3C273 in 2003 .	The source was observed simultaneously at 5.0 , 8.4 , 15.3 , 22.2 , 43.2 and 86.2 GHz , and from this multifrequency data set , spectra of 16 emission features in the parsec scale jet were carefully constructed by using a new model-fitting based method .	The measured spectra and sizes of the emission features were used to calculate the magnetic field density and the energy density of the relativistic electrons in the different parts of the parsec scale jet , independent of any equipartition assumption .	The magnetic energy density in the core dominates over that of the relativistic electrons , while in the downstream region our data are roughly consistent with an equipartition .
+2	The superconductivity appears when mobile 'holes ' are doped into this insulating state , and it coexists with antiferromagnetic fluctuations .	In the copper-oxide parent compounds of the high-transition-temperature superconductors , the valence electrons are localized , one per copper site , due to strong intraatomic Coulomb repulsion .	A symptom of the localization is antiferromagnetism , where the spins of localized electrons alternate between up and down .	In one approach to the coexistence , the holes are believed to self-organize into 'stripes ' that alternate with antiferromagnetic ( insulating ) regions within copper-oxide planes .	Such an unusual electronic state would necessitate an unconventional mechanism of superconductivity .
+1	We discuss the tadpole cancellation conditions for the general case with D9-branes only .	In this paper we consider compactifications of type I strings on Abelian orbifolds .	Such compactifications have ( perturbative ) heterotic duals which are also realized as orbifolds ( with non-standard embedding of the gauge connection ) .	The latter have extra twisted states that become massive once orbifold singularities are blown-up .	This is due to the presence of perturbative heterotic superpotential with couplings between the extra twisted states , the orbifold blow-up modes , and ( sometimes ) untwisted matter fields .
+3	In agreement with older work of Grest , Nagel , and Rahman , the upper 7 % of modes are localized , and the rest , delocalized .	Lennard-Jones glasses ( made on a computer by quenching from liquid state coordinates ) are studied in harmonic approximation .	Vibrational eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors are found by exact diagonalization for models with periodic boundaries and N= ( 500 , 2048 , and 6980 ) atoms .	We analyze the density of states , mobility edge , and bond-stretching character of the normal modes .	We find that modes can not be differentiated by any property or quantum number except their eigenfrequency .
+4	The method requires a small quantity of hardware and calculation .	In many applications of frequency estimation , the frequencies of the signals are so high that the data sampled at Nyquist rate are hard to acquire due to hardware limitation .	In this paper , we propose a novel method based on subspace techniques to estimate the frequencies by using two sub-Nyquist sample sequences , provided that the two under-sampled ratios are relatively prime integers .	We analyze the impact of under-sampling and expand the estimated frequencies which suffer from aliasing .	Through jointing the results estimated from these two sequences , the frequencies approximate to the frequency components really contained in the signals are screened .
+0	Determining temperatures in molecular clouds from ratios of CO rotational lines or from ratios of continuum emission in different wavelength bands suffers from reduced temperature sensitivity in the high-temperature limit .	In theory , the ratio of far-IR , submillimeter , or millimeter continuum to that of a 13CO ( or C18O ) rotational line can place reliable upper limits on the temperature of the dust and molecular gas .	Consequently , far-infrared continuum data from the { \it COBE } / { \it DIRBE } instrument and Nagoya 4-m $ \cOone $ spectral line data were used to plot 240 $ \um $ /13CO J=1-0 intensity ratios against 140 $ \um $ /240 $ \um $ dust color temperatures , allowing us to constrain the multiparsec-scale physical conditions in the Orion $ $ A and B molecular clouds .	The best-fitting models to the Orion clouds consist of two components : a component near the surface of the clouds that is heated primarily by a very large-scale ( i.e. $ \sim 1 $ kpc ) interstellar radiation field and a component deeper within the clouds .	The former has a fixed temperature and the latter has a range of temperatures that varies from one sightline to another .
+1	These results will be based on the geometry of the stack itself , particularly the height filtration and an analysis of the formal neighborhoods of the geometric points .	The central aim of this monograph is to provide decomposition results for quasi-coherent sheaves on the moduli stack of one-dimensional formal groups .	The main theorems are algebraic chromatic convergence results and fracture square decompositions .	There is a major technical hurdle in this story , as the moduli stack of formal groups does not have the finitness properties required of an algebraic stack as usually defined .	This is not a conceptual problem , but in order to be clear on this point and to write down a self-contained narrative , I have included a great deal of discussion of the geometry of the stack itself , giving various equivalent descriptions .
+0	We report the detection of 21-cm and H2 absorption lines in the same DLA system ( log N ( HI ) =21.36+-0.10 ) at zabs=3.17447 towards SDSSJ133724+315254 ( z=3.174 ) .	We estimate the spin temperature of the gas to be , Ts~600 K , intermediate between the expected values for cold and warm neutral media .	This suggests that the HI absorption originates from a mixture of different phases .	The total molecular fraction is low , f=10^-7 , and H2 rotational level populations are not in equilibrium .	The average abundance of the alpha-elements is , [ S/H ] =-1.45 .
+3	The optical flux from the model ULXs includes contributions from the accretion disk , due to x-ray irradiation as well as intrinsic viscous heating , and that due to the donor star .	We investigate the evolution of the properties of model populations of ultraluminous X-ray sources ( ULXs ) consisting of a black-hole accretor in a binary with a donor star .	We have computed models corresponding to three different populations of black-hole binaries ; two invoke stellar-mass ( ~10 Msun ) black hole accretors , and the third utilizes intermediate-mass ( ~1000 Msun ) black holes ( IMBHs ) .	For each of the three populations , we computed 30,000 binary evolution sequences using a full Henyey stellar evolution code .	We present `` probability images '' for the ULX systems in planes of color-magnitude , orbital period vs. X-ray luminosity , and luminosity vs. evolution time .
+3	The important cosmological milestones of the standard big babg cosmology ( which predicts cosmic deceleration ) like GUT symmetry breaking epoch or radiation matter decoupling epoch may remain more or less unchanged in the modified cosmology in terms of redshift values .	The standard big bang cosmology has been greatly successful in explaining many observational aspects of the real universe .	However , two particular diffficulties faced by it are the so-called `` horizon '' and `` flatness '' problems .	By assuming that the recently found cosmic acceleration to be a genuine and ever present effect , we show that , the resultant modified Friedman model is free from both the above referred problems , and there is no need to invoke the additional `` inflationary '' initial phase as a seperate ingredient .	However , in terms of cosmic time $ t $ , all such epochs occur earlier as the universe becomes older in this case .
+3	Two models are generally considered : accretion from a large disk left over from the birth process , or decay of a very strong magnetic field ( 10^15 G ) associated with a 'magnetar ' .	The energy source of the anomalous X-ray pulsars is not well understood , hence their designation as anomalous .	Unlike binary X-ray pulsars , no companions are seen , so the energy can not be supplied by accretion of matter from a companion star .	The loss of rotational energy , which powers radio pulsars , is insufficient to power AXPs .	The lack of counterparts at other wavelengths has hampered progress in our understanding of these objects .
+0	Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ib SN 2008D , associated with the XRF 080109 , at two separate epochs , are presented .	The epochs of these observations correspond to V-band light curve maximum and 15 days after light curve maximum ( or 21 and 36 days after the XRF ) .	We find SN 2008D to be significantly polarized , although the largest contribution is due to the interstellar polarization component of Q_ISP=0+/-0.1 % and U_ISP=-1.2+/-0.1 % .	At the two epochs , the spectropolarimetry of SN 2008D is classified as being D1+L ( HeI ) +L ( Ca II ) .	The intrinsic polarization of continuum wavelength regions is & lt ; 0.4 % , at both epochs , implying an asymmetry of the photosphere of & lt ; 10 % .
+1	For all $ p & gt ; p ( d ) $ large enough , in particular in the super critical regime , we construct a family of smooth finite time blow up solutions which become singular via concentration of a universal profile with the so called type II quantized blow up rates .	We consider the energy super critical nonlinear Schr\ '' odinger equation $ $ i\pa_tu+\Delta u+u|u|^ { p-1 } =0 $ $ in large dimensions $ d\geq 11 $ with spherically symmetric data .	The essential feature of these solutions is that all norms below scaling remain bounded .	Our analysis fully revisits the construction of type II blow up solutions for the corresponding heat equation , which was done using maximum principle techniques following .	Instead we develop a robust energy method , in continuation of the works in the energy and mass critical cases .
+3	The necessary and sufficient condition for a certainty equivalence operator for Nehring-Puppe 's preference to be sequentially consistent is given .	The ideas about decision making under ignorance in economics are combined with the ideas about uncertainty representation in computer science .	The combination sheds new light on the question of how artificial agents can act in a dynamically consistent manner .	The notion of sequential consistency is formalized by adapting the law of iterated expectation for plausibility measures .	This result sheds light on the models of decision making under uncertainty .
+0	Novelty search has shown to be a promising approach for the evolution of controllers for swarm robotics .	In existing studies , however , the experimenter had to craft a domain dependent behaviour similarity measure to use novelty search in swarm robotics applications .	The reliance on hand-crafted similarity measures places an additional burden to the experimenter and introduces a bias in the evolutionary process .	In this paper , we propose and compare two task-independent , generic behaviour similarity measures : combined state count and sampled average state .	The proposed measures use the values of sensors and effectors recorded for each individual robot of the swarm .
+3	The spectral capabilities of X-ray CCDs have been particularly important in detecting relativistic emission lines from the inner disks around accreting neutron stars and black holes .	X-ray charge-coupled devices ( CCDs ) are the workhorse detectors of modern X-ray astronomy .	Typically covering the 0.3-10.0 keV energy range , CCDs are able to detect photoelectric absorption edges and K shell lines from most abundant metals .	New CCDs also offer resolutions of 30-50 ( E/dE ) , which is sufficient to detect lines in hot plasmas and to resolve many lines shaped by dynamical processes in accretion flows .	One drawback of X-ray CCDs is that spectra can be distorted by photon `` pile-up '' , wherein two or more photons may be registered as a single event during one frame time .
+1	Our bounds apply under the assumption of instantaneous pulses and of bounded perturbing environment and qubit-environment Hamiltonians .	We present rigorous performance bounds for the optimal dynamical decoupling pulse sequence protecting a quantum bit ( qubit ) against pure dephasing .	We show that if the total sequence time is fixed the optimal sequence can be used to make the distance between the protected and unperturbed qubit states arbitrarily small in the number of applied pulses .	If , on the other hand , the minimum pulse interval is fixed and the total sequence time is allowed to scale with the number of pulses , then longer sequences need not always be advantageous .	The rigorous bound may serve as testbed for approximate treatments of optimal decoupling in bounded models of decoherence .
+3	As opposed to the compact case , given by G=SU ( 2 ) , the field equations associated with the noncompact group SO ( 2,1 ) are shown to have smooth real solutions with nonsingular action densities , which are furthermore localized in some sense .	We consider a general ansatz for solving the 2-dimensional Hitchin 's equations , which arise as dimensional reduction of the 4-dimensional self-dual Yang-Mills equations , with remarkable integrability properties .	We focus on the case when the gauge group G is given by a real form of SL ( 2 , C ) .	For G=SO ( 2,1 ) , the resulting field equations are shown to reduce to either the Liouville , elliptic sinh-Gordon or elliptic sine-Gordon equations .	We conclude by discussing some particular solutions , defined on R^2 , S^2 and T^2 , that come out of this ansatz .
+4	The mentioned techniques were used to study the first two negative parity bands in $ ^ { 156 } $ Gd .	The high flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin is the world most intense neutron source for research .	Using the ultra high-resolution crystal spectrometers GAMS installed at the in-pile target position H6/H7 it is possible to measure nuclear state lifetimes using the Gamma Ray Induced Recoil ( GRID ) technique .	In bent crystal mode , the spectrometers allow to perform spectroscopy with a dynamic range of up to six orders magnitude .	At a very well collimated external neutron beam it is possible to install a highly efficient germanium detector array to obtain coincidences and angular correlations .
+2	After showing that this quantity can be robustly defined for relaxed systems , we characterize how it varies with radius , mass and dynamical state of the halo .	Using a set of hydrodynamical simulations of 62 galaxy clusters and groups we study the ICM of inhomogeneities , focusing on the ones on the large scale that , unlike clumps , are the most difficult to identify .	To this purpose we introduce the concept of residual clumpiness , C_R , that quantifies the large-scale inhomogeneity of the ICM .	Most importantly , we observe that it introduces an overestimate in the determination of the density profile from the X-ray emission , which translates into a systematic overestimate of 6 ( 12 ) % in the measurement of M_gas at R_200 for our relaxed ( perturbed ) cluster sample .	At the same time , the increase of C_R with radius introduces also a ~2 % systematic underestimate in the measurement of the hydrostatic-equilibrium mass ( M_he ) , which adds to the previous one generating a systematic ~8.5 % overestimate in f_gas in our relaxed sample .
+3	Now let $ G $ be an arbitrary ( exponential ) solvable Lie group .	First let $ G $ be a completely solvable Lie group .	We recall the proof of the following result : Any closed subgroup of $ G $ possesses a unique syndetic hull in $ G $ .	As a consequence we conclude that any uniform subgroup $ \Gamma $ of $ G $ is strongly rigid in the sense of G. D. Mostow : If $ \alpha : \Gamma\to G $ is a homomorphism of Lie groups such that $ \alpha ( \Gamma ) $ is uniform in $ G $ , then there is an automorphism $ \varphi $ of $ G $ such that $ \varphi\ , |\ , \Gamma=\alpha $ .	We discuss certain conditions on closed subgroups of $ G $ which are sufficient for the existence of a syndetic hull .
+2	We fit the spectrum with both simple ( independent disk and corona ) and sophisticated ( energetically coupled disk and corona ) models , but all fits imply that the underlying optically thick disk is truncated significantly before the innermost stable circular orbit around the black hole .	We report on the geometry of accretion disk and high energy coronae in the strong Comptonization state ( the very high/steep power law/hard intermediate state ) based on a Suzaku observation of the famous Galactic black hole GX 339-4 .	These data were taken just before the peak of the 2006-2007 outburst , and the average X-ray luminosity in the 0.7-200 keV band is estimated to be 2.9E38 erg/s for a distance of 8 kpc .	We show this directly by a comparison with similarly broadband data from a disk dominated spectrum at almost the same luminosity observed by XMM-Newton and RXTE 3 days after the Suzaku observation .	During the Suzaku observation , the QPO frequency changes from 4.3 Hz to 5.5 Hz , while the spectrum softens .
+4	We also confirm the validity of the algorithm by comparing its results with those from a standard homodyne interferometer for measuring shock-motion peak acceleration greater than 5000 m/s^2 and a 10 mm stroke .	We present a digital algorithm for measuring the phase difference between two sinusoidal signals that combines the modified fringe-counting method with two-sample zero crossing to enable sequential signal processing .	This technique can be applied to a phase meter for measuring dynamic phase differences with high resolution , particularly for heterodyne interferometry .	The floor noise obtained from a demonstration with an electrical apparatus is $ 5\times10^ { -8 } \mathrm { rad/\sqrt { Hz } } $ at frequencies above approximately 0.1 Hz .	In addition , by applying this method to a commercial heterodyne interferometer , the floor-noise level is confirmed to be $ 7\times10^ { -14 } \mathrm { m/\sqrt { Hz } } $ from 4 kHz to 1 MHz .
+3	In contrast , a statistic of local network efficiency demonstrates excellent discriminatory power , with high sensitivity and specificity .	Multimodal neuroimaging studies of corticobasal syndrome using volumetric MRI and DTI successfully discriminate between Alzheimer 's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration but this evidence has typically included clinically heterogeneous patient cohorts and has rarely assessed the network structure of these distinct sources of pathology .	Using structural MRI data , we identify areas in fronto-temporo-parietal cortex with reduced gray matter density in corticobasal syndrome relative to age matched controls .	A support vector machine procedure demonstrates that gray matter density poorly discriminates between frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer 's disease pathology subgroups with low sensitivity and specificity .	Our results indicate that the underlying pathological sources of corticobasal syndrome can be classified more accurately using graph theoretical statistics of white matter microstructure in association cortex than by regional gray matter density alone .
+0	When faulty sensors are rare in a network , diagnosing sensors individually is inefficient .	This study introduces a novel use of concepts from group testing and Kalman filtering in detecting these rare faulty sensors with significantly fewer number of tests .	By assigning sensors to groups and performing Kalman filter-based fault detection over these groups , we obtain binary detection outcomes , which can then be used to recover the fault state of all sensors .	We first present this method using combinatorial group testing .	We then present a novel adaptive group testing method based on Bayesian inference .
+4	A part of the progenitor systems are identified as the luminous supersoft X-ray sources or the recurrent novae like U Sco , which are characterized by the accretion of helium-rich matter .	We have found a new evolutionary path to Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) which has been overlooked in previous work .	In this scenario , a carbon-oxygen white dwarf ( C+O WD ) is originated , not from an asymptotic giant branch star with a C+O core , but from a red-giant star with a helium core of $ \sim 0.8-2.0 M_\odot $ .	The helium star , which is formed after the first common envelope evolution , evolves to form a C+O WD of $ \sim 0.8-1.1 M_\odot $ with transferring a part of the helium envelope onto the secondary main-sequence star .	This new evolutionary path , together with the optically thick wind from mass-accreting white dwarf , provides a much wider channel to SNe Ia than previous scenarios .
+4	Towards this goal , we define two subclasses of MDP codes : reverse-MDP convolutional codes and complete-MDP convolutional codes .	In this paper we study the decoding capabilities of convolutional codes over the erasure channel .	Of special interest will be maximum distance profile ( MDP ) convolutional codes .	These are codes which have a maximum possible column distance increase .	We show how this strong minimum distance condition of MDP convolutional codes help us to solve error situations that maximum distance separable ( MDS ) block codes fail to solve .
+2	In this case , the competition between processes of the increasing due to nonlinear source and pulse propagation taking into account the viscosity of the medium leads to the appearance of new medium characteristic - some linear size - the spatial diameter of the tornado , on which these processes `` balance '' each other .	In the mathematical modeling of strongly nonequilibrium and nonlinear processes in a tornado approach based on the momentum transfer equations with a model function of sources and sinks is used , which puts this approach to the sharpening problems , where the maximum velocity distribution over the space of indefinitely growing for a limited time .	Nonlinear momentum source in the medium leads to a blow-up regime , and the development of the regime , itself generated by a nonlinear medium , leads to self-organization , which is described by numerical methods .	The approach allows to obtain equations that describe the physical effects observed and explain nonlinear transfer mechanisms of layering momentum in a tornado , determining the speeds and pressure gradients for nonpotential flow , as well as each altitude local layer thermodynamic properties - entropy production , entropy change rate and free energy .	We describe the spatial and velocity characteristics of tornado various intensities , speed components in the tornado core and its surroundings , the emergence of spiral waves , rising to a arm height , the appearance of spatial ring ( thrombus ) and mesovortexes outside .
+0	We present a study of the galaxies found in the Hubble Deep Field .	A high proportion of HDF galaxies are undergoing a strong episode of star formation , as evidenced by their very blue colours .	A wide range of morphological types is found , with a high proportion of peculiar and merger morphologies .	Fitting the multiband spectra with redshifted SEDs of galaxy types E to HII , we predict the spectral types and redshifts of galaxies detected in the HDF .	We find a median redshift of 1.6 , with $ 68\ % $ having $ z & gt ; 1 $ and $ 31\ % $ with $ z & gt ; 2 $ .
+0	We study inflation in the framework of $ f ( T ) $ -gravity in the presence of a canonical scalar field .	After reviewing the basic equations governing the background cosmology in $ f ( T ) $ -gravity , we turn to study the cosmological perturbations and obtain the evolutionary equations for the scalar and tensor perturbations .	Solving those equations , we find the power spectra for the scalar and tensor perturbations .	Then , we consider a power-law form for the $ f ( T ) $ function in the action and examine the inflationary models with the power-law and intermediate scale factors .	We see that in contrast with the standard inflationary scenario based on the Einstein gravity , in the considered $ f ( T ) $ -gravity scenario , the power-law and intermediate inflationary models can be compatible with the observational results of Planck 2015 at 68\ % CL .
+1	High resolution magnetic imaging is one of the key techniques necessary for a better understanding of these effects .	Studying the interaction of spin-polarized currents with the magnetization configuration is of high interest due to the possible applications and the novel physics involved .	Here we present an extension to a magnetic microscope that allows for in-situ current injection into the structure investigated and furthermore for the study of current induced magnetization changes during pulsed current injection .	The developed setup is highly flexible and can be used for a wide range of investigations .	Examples of current-induced domain wall motion and vortex core displacements measured using this setup are presented .
+3	We also compare the flux-tube expansion at two points at the SS and the AS along the same radial line .	The potential field approximation has been providing a fast , and computationally inexpensive estimation for the solar corona 's global magnetic field geometry for several decades .	In contrast , more physics-based global magnetohydrodynamic ( MHD ) models have been used for a similar purpose , while being much more computationally expensive .	Here , we investigate the difference in the field geometry between a global MHD model and the potential field source surface model ( PFSSM ) by tracing individual magnetic field lines in the MHD model from the Alfven surface ( AS ) , through the source surface ( SS ) , all the way to the field line footpoint , and then back to the source surface in the PFSSM .	We study the effect of solar cycle variations , the order of the potential field harmonic expansion , and different magnetogram sources .
+1	Prediction of the overall magnetic properties of the EMR solids is a challenging task due to the coexistence of the uniaxially anisotropic behavior and structural transition as well as long-range interaction between the suspended particles .	The mesocrystal showing both electrorheological and magnetorheological effects is called electro-magnetorheological ( EMR ) solids .	To consider the uniaxial anisotropy effect , we present an anisotropic Kirkwood-Fr\ '' { o } hlich equation for calculating the effective permeabilities by adopting an explicit characteristic spheroid rather than a characteristic sphere used in the derivation of the usual Kirkwood-Fr\ '' { o } hlich equation .	Further , by applying an Ewald-Kornfeld formulation we are able to investigate the effective permeability by including the structural transition and long-range interaction explicitly .	Our theory can reduce to the usual Kirkwood-Fr\ '' { o } hlich equation and Onsager equation naturally .
+0	We present spectroscopic observations of ESO 184-G82 , the host galaxy of GRB980425/SN1998bw , and six galaxies in its field .	A host redshift of z=0.0087+/-0.0006 is derived , consistent with that measured by Tinney et al . ( 1998 ) .	Redshifts are obtained for the six surrounding galaxies observed .	Three of these galaxies lie within 11 Mpc of each other , confirming the suggestion that some of these galaxies form a group .	However , all of the field galaxies observed lie at significantly greater distances than ESO 184-G82 and are therefore not associated with it .
+2	In this work we get a sharp condition for the existence or non-existence of solutions .	We study linear pseudoparabolic equations with unbounded and time-dependent coefficients .	We solve the case which has remained open in several recent studies of pseudoparabolic equations with unbounded and time-dependent coefficients .	Conditions on the initial function and coefficient are provided so that every nontrivial positive solution blows up instantaneously .	When the coefficient and the initial function do not grow too rapidly , we establish the existence and uniqueness of global solutions , for both time-independent and time-dependent potentials .
+4	Since accretion becomes unimportant once the high-energy regime is over , it does not affect any constraints expressed at the time of black hole evaporation , but it can change the interpretation of those constraints in terms of early Universe formation rates .	We recently studied the formation and evaporation of primordial black holes in a simple braneworld cosmology , namely Randall-Sundrum Type II .	Here we study the effect of accretion from the cosmological background onto the black holes after formation .	While it is generally believed that in the standard cosmology such accretion is of negligible importance , we find that during the high-energy regime of braneworld cosmology accretion can be the dominant effect and lead to a mass increase of potentially orders of magnitude .	However , unfortunately the growth is exponentially sensitive to the accretion efficiency , which can not be determined accurately .
+2	Our results on the $ 8^3 \times 12 $ lattice with Wilson action show that the statistical errors from the stochastic estimator can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude by employing an unbiased variational subtraction scheme which utilizes the off-diagonal matrices from the hopping expansion .	We introduce the Pad\'e -- Z $ _2 $ ( PZ ) stochastic estimator for calculating determinants and determinant ratios .	The estimator is applied to the calculation of fermion determinants from the two ends of the Hybrid Monte Carlo trajectories with pseudofermions .	Having been able to reduce the error of the determinant ratios to about 20 % with a relatively small number of noise vectors , this may become a feasible algorithm for simulating dynamical fermions in full QCD .	We also discuss the application to the density of states in Hamiltonian systems .
+2	The radiative opacities include free-free absorption and scattering by both electrons and ions computed for the two photon polarization modes in the magnetized electron-ion plasma .	We construct atmosphere models for strongly magnetized neutron stars with surface fields $ B\sim 10^ { 12 } -10^ { 15 } $ G and effective temperatures $ T_ { \rm eff } \sim 10^6-10^7 $ K. The atmospheres directly determine the characteristics of thermal emission from isolated neutron stars , including radio pulsars , soft gamma-ray repeaters , and anomalous X-ray pulsars .	In our models , the atmosphere is composed of pure hydrogen or helium and is assumed to be fully ionized .	Since the radiation emerges from deep layers in the atmosphere with $ \rho\ga 10^2 $ g/cm $ ^3 $ , plasma effects can significantly modify the photon opacities by changing the properties of the polarization modes .	In the case where the magnetic field and the surface normal are parallel , we solve the full , angle-dependent , coupled radiative transfer equations for both polarization modes .
+0	Denial of Service ( DoS ) attacks frequently happen on the Internet , paralyzing Internet services and causing millions of dollars of financial loss .	This work presents NetFence , a scalable DoS-resistant network architecture .	NetFence uses a novel mechanism , secure congestion policing feedback , to enable robust congestion policing inside the network .	Bottleneck routers update the feedback in packet headers to signal congestion , and access routers use it to police senders ' traffic .	Targeted DoS victims can use the secure congestion policing feedback as capability tokens to suppress unwanted traffic .
+3	As a result , we also obtain the first infinitely family of Stein fillable contact 3-manifolds with uniform bounds on the Betti numbers of its exact fillings but admitting minimal strong fillings of arbitrarily large $ b_2 $ .	We introduce symplectic Calabi-Yau caps to obtain new obstructions to exact fillings .	In particular , it implies that any exact filling of the standard unit cotangent bundle of a hyperbolic surface has vanishing first Chern class and has the same integral homology and intersection form as its disk cotangent bundle .	This gives evidence to a conjecture that all of its exact fillings are diffeomorphic to the disk cotangent bundle .	Moreover , we introduce the notion of symplectic uniruled/adjunction caps and uniruled/adjunction contact structures to present a unified picture to the existing finiteness results on the topological invariants of exact/strong fillings of a contact 3-manifold .
+3	Devices cooperate to efficiently utilize all network resources and are able to adapt to varying wireless network conditions .	We consider a group of mobile users , within proximity of each other , who are interested in watching the same online video at roughly the same time .	The common practice today is that each user downloads the video independently on her mobile device using her own cellular connection , which wastes access bandwidth and may also lead to poor video quality .	We propose a novel cooperative system where each mobile device uses simultaneously two network interfaces : ( i ) the cellular to connect to the video server and download parts of the video and ( ii ) WiFi to connect locally to all other devices in the group and exchange those parts .	In the local WiFi network , we exploit overhearing , and we further combine it with network coding .
+2	Our data demonstrate a presence of nanometre scale hexagonal regions coexisting with tetragonal host lattice , a chemical disorder demonstrating non homogeneous distribution of host atoms in the crystal lattice , as well as hundreds-of-nanometres-long iron-deficient bands .	In this paper , we address a number of outstanding issues concerning the nature and the role of magnetic inhomogenities in the iron chalcogenide system FeTe1-xSex and their correlation with superconductivity in this system .	We report morphology of superconducting single crystals of FeTe0.65Se0.35 studied with transmission electron microscopy , high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and their magnetic and superconducting properties characterized with magnetization , specific heat and magnetic resonance spectroscopy .	From magnetic data and ferromagnetic resonance temperature dependence , we attribute magnetic phases in Fe-Te-Se to Fe3O4 inclusions and to hexagonal symmetry nanometre scale regions with structure of Fe7Se8 type .	Our results suggest that nonhomogeneous distribution of host atoms might be an intrinsic feature of superconducting Fe-Te-Se chalcogenides and we find a surprising correlation indicating that faster grown crystal of inferior crystallographic properties is a better superconductor .
+0	Reactivity of Aluminum Clusters has been found to exhibit size sensitive variations .	This work is motivated by a recent report1 predicting higher reactivity of melted Aluminum clusters towards the N2 molecule as compared to the non-melted Al clusters .	We attempt to understand the underlying electronic and structural factors influencing the adsorption of N2 molecule ( a prerequisite for the reactivity ) on ground state geometry ( a non-melted structure ) of various Al clusters .	The results show that the adsorption energy is of the order of 8-10 kcal/mol and does not vary with respect to the cluster size and the electronic properties of the ground state geometry .	The structural and electronic properties of high energy conformations of Al clusters ( a melted cluster ) are also analyzed to explain their higher reactivity towards N2 molecule .
+3	And the final effective Lagrangian is not renormalized to all orders in alpha_s as long as no other nonlocal operators are induced at higher order .	We consider effects of symmetries on renormalization properties of the collinear effective theory .	We investigate which types of operators are possible in the effective theory satisfying gauge invariance , reparameterization invariance and residual energy invariance .	Each symmetry puts a constraint on the possible structure of the theory , and there can appear only specific combinations of operators in the effective Lagrangian satisfying all the symmetry requirements .	We explicitly prove this at one loop by renormalizing one-gluon vertices and discuss their features .
+3	The formalism is viewed as a natural extension of the Bohr-Sommerfeld rule and an alternative to the canonical quantization .	For a single degree of freedom confined mechanical system with given energy , we know that the motion is always periodic and action-angle variables are convenient choice as conjugate phase-space variables .	We construct action-angle coherent states in view to provide a quantization scheme that yields precisely a given observed energy spectrum $ { E_n } $ for such a system .	This construction is based on a Bayesian approach : each family corresponds to a choice of probability distributions such that the classical energy averaged with respect to this probability distribution is precisely $ E_n $ up to a constant shift .	In particular , it also yields a satisfactory angle operator as a bounded self-adjoint operator .
+3	In this paper we investigate the capability of the lattice Boltzmann method to correctly describe flow in porous media at moderate Reynolds numbers .	The lattice Boltzmann method has been successfully applied for the simulation of flow through porous media in the creeping regime .	Its technical properties , namely discretization , straightforward implementation and parallelization , are responsible for its popularity .	However , flow through porous media is not restricted to near zero Reynolds numbers since inertial effects play a role in numerous natural and industrial processes .	The selection of the lattice resolution , the collision kernel and the boundary conditions becomes increasingly important and the challenge is to keep artifacts due to compressibility effects at a minimum .
+3	When lattice translational symmetry is preserved , the phase corresponds to nematic order in the spin-channel with broken time-reversal symmetry , known as the $ \beta $ phase .	Hexagonal lattice systems ( e.g.triangular , honeycomb , kagome ) possess a multidimensional irreducible representation corresponding to $ d_ { x^2-y^2 } $ and $ d_ { xy } $ symmetry .	Consequently , various unconventional phases that combine these $ d $ -wave representations can occur , and in so doing may break time-reversal and spin rotation symmetries .	We show that hexagonal lattice systems with extended repulsive interactions can exhibit instabilities in the particle-hole channel to phases with either $ d_ { x^2-y^2 } +d_ { xy } $ or $ d+id $ symmetry .	On the other hand , lattice translation symmetry can be broken , resulting in various $ d_ { x^2-y^2 } +d_ { xy } $ density wave orders .
+0	The embedding of the SM hypercharge into an orientifold gauge group is studied .	Possible embeddings are classified , and a systematic construction of bottom-up configurations and top-down orientifold vacua is achieved , solving the tadpole conditions in the context of Gepner orientifolds .	Some hypercharge embeddings are strongly preferred compared to others .	Configurations with chiral antisymmetric tensors are suppressed .	We find among others , genuine examples of supersymmetric SU ( 5 ) , flipped SU ( 5 ) , Pati-Salam and trinification vacua with no chiral exotics .
+0	We have investigated the time series by the mapping them to the complex network .	We have studied the behavior of the relative number of clusters in dynamic visibility graphs near the critical value of the angle of view .	Time series of different nature both artificial and experimental were numerically investigated .	In all cases , the dependence of the relative number of clusters on the proximity to the critical angle of view had a power law behavior .	Thus , it was shown that there is a similarity between the behavior of the relative number of clusters and the order parameter in the second-order phase transition theory and percolation theory .
+0	By means of our own cosmological-hydrodynamical simulation and semi-analytical model we studied galaxy population properties in clusters and groups , spanning over 10 different bands from UV to NIR , and their evolution since redshift z=2 .	We compare our results in terms of galaxy red/blue fractions and luminous-to-faint ratio ( LFR ) on the Red Sequence ( RS ) with recent observational data reaching beyond z=1.5 .	Different selection criteria were tested in order to retrieve galaxies belonging to the RS : either by their quiescence degree measured from their specific SFR ( `` Dead Sequence '' ) , or by their position in a colour-colour plane which is also a function of sSFR .	In both cases , the colour cut and the limiting magnitude threshold were let evolving with redshift , in order to follow the natural shift of the characteristic luminosity in the LF .	We find that the Butcher-Oemler effect is wavelength-dependent , with the fraction of blue galaxies increasing steeper in optical colours than in NIR .
+3	These latter exhibit perhaps the simplest form of what is often called nonlocal bias , and which we prefer to call stochastic bias , since the new bias effects arise from `hidden-variables ' other than density , but these may still be defined locally .	We describe a simple fully analytic model of the excursion set approach associated with two Gaussian random walks : the first walk represents the initial overdensity around a protohalo , and the second is a crude way of allowing for other factors which might influence halo formation .	This model is richer than that based on a single walk , because it yields a distribution of heights at first crossing .	We provide explicit expressions for the unconditional first crossing distribution which is usually used to model the halo mass function , the progenitor distributions , and the conditional distributions from which correlations with environment are usually estimated .	We provide explicit expressions for these new bias factors .
+0	The Pierre Auger Observatory infers the chemical composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays through two independent detection techniques .	The Fluorescence Detector ( FD ) measures the longitudinal profile of high energy air showers and can determine the depth of the shower maximum $ X_ { max } $ , which is sensitive to the chemical composition of the primary cosmic rays .	Additionally , measurements by the Surface Detector ( SD ) provide independent experimental observables based on the muonic shower component to analyze the chemical composition .	We present the results for the $ X_ { max } $ distributions and the mass composition results measured by the FD and the SD for the energies $ E \geq 10^ { 18 } $ \ , eV .	The data will be compared with the expectations for proton and iron primaries according to different hadronic interaction models .
+0	Generation of pseudorandom numbers from different probability distributions has been studied extensively in the Monte Carlo simulation literature .	Two standard generation techniques are the acceptance-rejection and inverse transformation methods .	An alternative approach to Monte Carlo simulation is the quasi-Monte Carlo method , which uses low-discrepancy sequences , instead of pseudorandom numbers , in simulation .	Low-discrepancy sequences from different distributions can be obtained by the inverse transformation method , just like for pseudorandom numbers .	In this paper , we will present an acceptance-rejection algorithm for low-discrepancy sequences .
+3	We show that energy fluctuation measurements at zero temperature provide entanglement information .	We consider the ground state of simple quantum systems coupled to an environment .	In general the system is entangled with its environment .	As a consequence , even at zero temperature , the energy of the system is not sharp : a projective measurement can find the system in an excited state .	For two-state systems which exhibit a persistent current in the ground state , energy fluctuations and persistent current fluctuations are closely related .
+0	We develop minimax optimal risk bounds for the general learning task consisting in predicting as well as the best function in a reference set G up to the smallest possible additive term , called the convergence rate .	When the reference set is finite and when n denotes the size of the training data , we provide minimax convergence rates of the form C ( [ log |G| ] /n ) ^v with tight evaluation of the positive constant C and with exact v in ] 0 ; 1 ] , the latter value depending on the convexity of the loss function and on the level of noise in the output distribution .	The risk upper bounds are based on a sequential randomized algorithm , which at each step concentrates on functions having both low risk and low variance with respect to the previous step prediction function .	Our analysis puts forward the links between the probabilistic and worst-case viewpoints , and allows to obtain risk bounds unachievable with the standard statistical learning approach .	One of the key idea of this work is to use probabilistic inequalities with respect to appropriate ( Gibbs ) distributions on the prediction function space instead of using them with respect to the distribution generating the data .
+2	We first examine the analysis to confirm their results for various assumptions on the mass-ratio distribution function .	We exploit the recent observations of extremely metal-poor ( EMP ) stars in the Galactic halo and investigate the constraints on the IMF of the stellar population that left these low-mass survivors of [ Fe/H ] & lt ; -2.5 and the chemical evolution that they took part in .	A high-mass IMF with the typical mass~10Msun and the overwhelming contribution of low-mass members of binaries to the EMP survivors are derived from the statistics of carbon-enriched EMP stars with and without the enhancement of s-process elements ( Komiya et al.2007 ) .	As compared with the uniform distribution , the increase or decrease function of the mass ratio gives a higher- or lower-mass IMF , and a lower-mass IMF results for the independent distribution with the both members in the same IMF , but the derived ranges of typical mass differ less than by a factor of two and overlap for the extreme cases .	Furthermore , we prove that the same constraints are placed on the IMF from the surface density of EMP stars estimated from the surveys and the chemical evolution consistent with the metal yields of theoretical supernova models .
+4	The stages are imbricated to reduce the overall height .	New generations of gravity wave detectors require unprecedented levels of vibration isolation .	This paper presents the final design of the vibration isolation and positioning platform used in Advanced LIGO to support the interferometers core optics .	This five-ton two-and-half-meter wide system operates in ultra-high vacuum .	It features two stages of isolation mounted in series .
+0	Persistent currents in disordered mesoscopic rings threaded by a magnetic flux are calculated using exact diagonalization methods in the one-dimensional ( 1D ) case and self-consistent Hartree-Fock treatments for two dimensional ( 2D ) systems .	For multichannel systems , a comparative study between models of spinless or spinfull ( Hubbard ) fermions has been done .	First , it is shown that a purely one-dimensional model can not reproduce the correct order of magnitude of the observed currents .	For 2D systems , going beyond first order pertubative calculations , we show that the second harmonic of the current is { \it strongly suppressed } in the case of spinless fermion models but { \it significantly enhanced } for the Hubbard model .	This reduction ( resp .
+2	These algorithms are obtained by analyzing higher and higher tensor powers of a certain identity of Coppersmith and Winograd .	Until a few years ago , the fastest known matrix multiplication algorithm , due to Coppersmith and Winograd ( 1990 ) , ran in time $ O ( n^ { 2.3755 } ) $ .	Recently , a surge of activity by Stothers , Vassilevska-Williams , and Le Gall has led to an improved algorithm running in time $ O ( n^ { 2.3729 } ) $ .	We show that this exact approach can not result in an algorithm with running time $ O ( n^ { 2.3725 } ) $ , and identify a wide class of variants of this approach which can not result in an algorithm with running time $ O ( n^ { 2.3078 } ) $ ; in particular , this approach can not prove the conjecture that for every $ \epsilon & gt ; 0 $ , two $ n\times n $ matrices can be multiplied in time $ O ( n^ { 2+\epsilon } ) $ .	We describe a new framework extending the original laser method , which is the method underlying the previously mentioned algorithms .
+0	Molecular Dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained bead-spring model of flexible macromolecules tethered with one end to the surface of a cylindrical pore are presented .	Chain length $ N $ and grafting density $ \sigma $ are varied over a wide range and the crossover from `` mushroom '' to `` brush '' behavior is studied for three pore diameters .	The monomer density profile and the distribution of the free chain ends are computed and compared to the corresponding model of polymer brushes at flat substrates .	It is found that there exists a regime of $ N $ and $ \sigma $ for large enough pore diameter where the brush height in the pore exceeds the brush height on the flat substrate , while for large enough $ N $ and $ \sigma $ ( and small enough pore diameters ) the opposite behavior occurs , i.e.the brush is compressed by confinement .	These findings are used to discuss the corresponding theories on polymer brushes at concave substrates .
+0	We analyze the correlations between electric dipole moments ( EDMs ) of the neutron and heavy atoms and CP violation in B_ { s , d } mixing in two Higgs doublet models respecting the Minimal Flavour Violation hypothesis , with flavour-blind CP-violating ( CPV ) phases .	In particular , we consider the case of flavour-blind CPV phases from i ) the Yukawa interactions and ii ) the Higgs potential .	We show that in both cases the upper bounds on the above EDMs do not forbid sizable non-standard CPV effects in B_s mixing .	However , if a large CPV phase in B_s mixing will be confirmed , this will imply EDMs very close to their present experimental bounds , within the reach of the next generation of experiments , as well as BR ( B_ { s , d } - & gt ; mu^+ mu^- ) typically largely enhanced over its SM expectation .	The two flavour-blind CPV mechanisms can be distinguished through the correlation between S_psi K_S and S_psi phi that is strikingly different if only one of them is relevant .
+3	Thus there is a direct geometric relation between symplectic rigidity and energy .	In this paper we consider a geometric variant of Hofer 's symplectic energy , which was first considered by Eliashberg and Hofer in connection with their study of the extent to which the interior of a region in a symplectic manifold determines its boundary .	We prove , by a simple geometric argument , that both versions of energy give rise to genuine norms on all symplectic manifolds .	Roughly speaking , we show that if there were a symplectomorphism of $ M $ which had `` too little '' energy , one could embed a large ball into a thin cylinder $ M \times B^2 $ .	The second half of the paper is devoted to a proof of the Non-Squeezing theorem for an arbitrary manifold $ M $ .
+1	EXO 0748-676 had been actively accreting for over 24 yr before its outburst ceased in late 2008 .	X-ray observations of quiescent X-ray binaries have the potential to provide insight into the structure and the composition of neutron stars .	Subsequent X-ray monitoring revealed a gradual decay of the quiescent thermal emission that can be attributed to cooling of the accretion-heated neutron star crust .	In this work , we report on new Chandra and Swift observations that extend the quiescent monitoring to ~5 yr post-outburst .	We find that the neutron star temperature remained at ~117 eV between 2009 and 2011 , but had decreased to ~110 eV in 2013 .
+1	The millimeter-wave bands ( such as 60 GHz ) have been investigated for wireless high data rate transmission .	The need for high data rate communication systems has been dramatically increasing in recent years .	At these frequencies , the conductor loss is significant which makes dielectric resonator antenna ( DRA ) a good replacement for microstrip patch antennas currently in use .	Moreover , use of silicon as the dielectric material in a DRA provides the great feature of bandwidth tunability through carrier density modulation .	In this paper , we present experimental and theoretical studies of antennas made from silicon .
+4	First it can change the root mean square ( rms ) radius of the individual weakly-bound orbits and second it can enhance the occupation probabilities of these orbits in the nuclear system .	The influence of pairing correlations on the nuclear size and in particular on the formation of nuclear halos is studied in the framework of relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov ( RCHB ) theory .	It turns out that the contributions from the weakly-bound orbits with low orbital angular momenta $ l $ play an important role .	As an example , we investigate the neutron-rich Mg isotopes as a function of the pairing strength in situations , where the neuron Fermi surface are below , between and above two weakly-bound $ 2p $ levels .	We find that the size of the pairing correlations has a two-fold influence on the density distribution of the neutrons and therefore on the total nuclear size .
+0	We compute logarithmic corrections to the entropy of rotating extremal black holes using quantum entropy function i.e.Euclidean quantum gravity approach .	Our analysis includes five dimensional supersymmetric BMPV black holes in type IIB string theory on T^5 and K3 x S^1 as well as in the five dimensional CHL models , and also non-supersymmetric extremal Kerr black hole and slowly rotating extremal Kerr-Newmann black holes in four dimensions .	For BMPV black holes our results are in perfect agreement with the microscopic results derived from string theory .	In particular we reproduce correctly the dependence of the logarithmic corrections on the number of U ( 1 ) gauge fields in the theory , and on the angular momentum carried by the black hole in different scaling limits .	We also explain the shortcomings of the Cardy limit in explaining the logarithmic corrections in the limit in which the ( super ) gravity description of these black holes becomes a valid approximation .
+1	Physical states in electric field representation have the product form \ ( \Psi_ { \mathrm { phys } } [ E^ { a i } ] = \exp ( i \Omega [ E ] / g ) F [ G_ { ij } ] \ ) , where the phase factor is a simple local functional required to satisfy the Gauss law constraint , and \ ( G_ { ij } \ ) is a dynamical metric tensor which is bilinear in \ ( E^ { a k } \ ) .	The Hamiltonian dynamics of \ ( 2 + 1\ ) dimensional Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU ( 2 ) is reformulated in gauge invariant , geometric variables , as in earlier work on the \ ( 3 + 1\ ) dimensional case .	The Hamiltonian acting on \ ( F [ G_ { ij } ] \ ) is local , but the energy density is infinite for degenerate configurations where \ ( \det G ( x ) \ ) vanishes at points in space , so wave functionals must be specially constrained to avoid infinite total energy .	Study of this situation leads to the further factorization \ ( F [ G_ { ij } ] = F_c [ G_ { ij } ] \mathcal R [ G_ { ij } ] \ ) , and the product \ ( \Psi_c [ E ] \equiv \exp ( i \Omega [ E ] / g ) F_c [ G_ { ij } ] \ ) is shown to be the wave functional of a topological field theory .	Further information from topological field theory may illuminate the question of the behavior of physical gauge theory wave functionals for degenerate fields .
+2	In this paper , we propose a new local search method that uses a different search space , and which takes account of the concept of equivalence between network structures : restricted acyclic partially directed graphs ( RPDAGs ) .	Although many algorithms have been designed to construct Bayesian network structures using different approaches and principles , they all employ only two methods : those based on independence criteria , and those based on a scoring function and a search procedure ( although some methods combine the two ) .	Within the score+search paradigm , the dominant approach uses local search methods in the space of directed acyclic graphs ( DAGs ) , where the usual choices for defining the elementary modifications ( local changes ) that can be applied are arc addition , arc deletion , and arc reversal .	In this way , the number of different configurations of the search space is reduced , thus improving efficiency .	Moreover , although the final result must necessarily be a local optimum given the nature of the search method , the topology of the new search space , which avoids making early decisions about the directions of the arcs , may help to find better local optima than those obtained by searching in the DAG space .
+4	We explicitly perform this comparison for the Misner initial data in the close limit approach .	We revisit the question of the imposition of initial data representing astrophysical gravitational perturbations of black holes .	We study their dynamics for the case of nonrotating black holes by numerically evolving the Teukolsky equation in the time domain .	In order to express the Teukolsky function Psi explicitly in terms of hypersurface quantities , we relate it to the Moncrief waveform phi_M through a Chandrasekhar transformation in the case of a nonrotating black hole .	This relation between Psi and phi_M holds for any constant time hypersurface and allows us to compare the computation of the evolution of Schwarzschild perturbations by the Teukolsky and by the Zerilli and Regge-Wheeler equations .
+2	As temperature increases , thermally excited topological defects , also known as magnetic monopoles , reduce the spin correlation , hence suppressing electron scattering .	We investigate the transport properties of itinerant electrons interacting with a background of localized spins in a correlated paramagnetic phase of the pyrochlore lattice .	We find a residual resistivity at zero temperature due to the scattering of electrons by the static dipolar spin-spin correlation that characterizes the metallic Coulomb phase .	Combined with the usual scattering processes in metals at higher temperatures , this mechanism yields a non-monotonic resistivity , displaying a minimum at temperature scales associated with the magnetic monopole excitation energy .	Our calculations agree quantitatively with resistivity measurements in Nd2Ir2O7 , shedding light on the origin of the resistivity minimum observed in metallic spin-ice compounds .
+1	The Abelian gauge group is isomorphic to the maximal Abelian subgroup of the Yang-Mills gauge group , but not its subgroup .	A general procedure to reveal an Abelian structure of Yang-Mills theories by means of a ( nonlocal ) change of variables , rather than by gauge fixing , in the space of connections is proposed .	A Maxwell field of the Abelian theory contains topological degrees of freedom of original Yang-Mills fields which generate monopole-like and flux-like defects upon an Abelian projection .	't Hooft 's conjecture that `` monopole '' dynamics is projection independent is proved for a special class of Abelian projections .	A partial duality and a dynamical regime in which the theory may have massive excitations being knot-like solitons are discussed .
+4	This settles a conjecture of F\ '' uredi \cite { Furedi } .	The expansion $ G^+ $ of a graph $ G $ is the 3-uniform hypergraph obtained from $ G $ by enlarging each edge of $ G $ with a vertex disjoint from $ V ( G ) $ such that distinct edges are enlarged by distinct vertices .	Let ex $ _r ( n , F ) $ denote the maximum number of edges in an $ r $ -uniform hypergraph with $ n $ vertices not containing any copy of $ F $ .	The authors \cite { KMV } recently determined ex $ _3 ( n , G^+ ) $ more generally , namely when $ G $ is a path or cycle , thus settling conjectures of F\ '' uredi-Jiang \cite { FJ } ( for cycles ) and F\ '' uredi-Jiang-Seiver \cite { FJS } ( for paths ) .	Here we continue this project by determining the asymptotics for ex $ _3 ( n , G^+ ) $ when $ G $ is any fixed forest .
+2	The consistent truncation then arises as a generalised version of a conventional Scherk-Schwarz reduction with the frame algebra encoding the embedding tensor of the reduced theory .	We show that generalised geometry gives a unified description of maximally supersymmetric consistent truncations of ten- and eleven-dimensional supergravity .	In all cases the reduction manifold admits a `` generalised parallelisation '' with a frame algebra with constant coefficients .	The key new result is that all round-sphere $ S^d $ geometries admit such generalised parallelisations with an $ SO ( d+1 ) $ frame algebra .	Thus we show that the remarkable consistent truncations on $ S^3 $ , $ S^4 $ , $ S^5 $ and $ S^7 $ are in fact simply generalised Scherk-Schwarz reductions .
+3	Therefore , there is no easy-hard-easy pattern of hardness as for standard random 3-SAT ensemble .	We study a class of random 3-SAT instances having exactly one solution .	The properties of this ensemble considerably differ from those of a random 3-SAT ensemble .	It is numerically shown that the running time of several complete and stochastic local search algorithms monotonically increases as the clause density is decreased .	Furthermore , the running time for short single-solution formulas increases with the problem size much faster than for random 3-SAT formulas from the phase transition region .
+4	Benchmark test has been done by comparing with the exact solution of a single level quantum dot system .	We report a computationally tractable approach to first principles investigation of time-dependent current of molecular devices under a step-like pulse .	For molecular devices , all the resonant states below Fermi level contribute to the time-dependent current .	Hence calculation beyond wideband limit must be carried out for a quantitative analysis of transient dynamics of molecules devices .	Based on the exact non-equilibrium Green 's function ( NEGF ) formalism of calculating the transient current in Ref.\onlinecite { Maciejko } , we develop two approximate schemes going beyond the wideband limit , they are all suitable for first principles calculation using the NEGF combined with density functional theory .
+1	We are interested in comparing the fundamental limitations to the sensitivity of KIDs with that of transition edge sensors ( TESs ) at millimeter wavelengths , specifically over the wavelengths required for studies of the Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) .	Kinetic inductance detectors ( KIDs ) show promise as a competitive technology for astronomical observations over a wide range of wavelengths .	We calculate the total fundamental noise arising from optical and thermal excitations in TESs and KIDs for a variety of bath temperatures and optical loading scenarios for applications at millimeter wavelengths .	Special consideration is given to the case of ground-based observations of 100 GHz radiation with a 100 mK bath temperature , conditions consistent with the planned second module of the QUBIC telescope , a CMB instrument .	Under these conditions , a titanium nitride KID with optimized critical temperature pays a few percent noise penalty compared to a typical optimized TES .
+4	The residual two-loop and higher-order corrections to mu and mA are estimated to be at most 1 % in the considered scenarios .	We study the O ( at*as + at^2 ) two-loop corrections to the minimization conditions of the MSSM effective potential , providing compact analytical formulae for the Higgs tadpoles .	We connect these results with the renormalization group running of the MSSM parameters from the grand unification scale down to the weak scale , and discuss the corrections to the Higgs mixing parameter mu and to the running CP-odd Higgs mass mA in various scenarios of gravity-mediated SUSY breaking .	We find that the O ( at*as ) and O ( at^2 ) contributions partially cancel each other in the minimization conditions .	In comparison with the full one-loop corrections , the O ( at*as + at^2 ) two-loop corrections significantly weaken the dependence of the parameters mu and mA on the renormalization scale at which the effective potential is minimized .
+3	To make contact with the experiments , where mesons and baryons are observed , one must hadronize , creating pairs of $ q \bar q $ and writing the new states in terms of mesons and baryons .	In this review we give a perspective of the theoretical work done recently on the interpretation of results from $ B $ , $ D $ , $ \Lambda_b $ , $ \Lambda_c $ weak decays into final states that contain interacting hadrons , and how it is possible to obtain additional valuable information that is increasing our understanding of hadron interactions and the nature of many hadronic resonances .	The novelty of these processes is that one begins with a clean picture at the quark level which allows one to select the basic mechanisms by means of which the process proceeds .	Finally , one has a final state described in terms of quarks .	This concludes the primary hadron production in these processes .
+2	This paper discusses various modes of collaborative annotation and how they can be supported with tools built using AGTK and its database interface .	The Annotation Graph Toolkit ( AGTK ) is a collection of software which facilitates development of linguistic annotation tools .	AGTK provides a database interface which allows applications to use a database server for persistent storage .	We describe the relational database schema and API , and describe a version of the TableTrans tool which supports collaborative annotation .	The remainder of the paper discusses a high-level query language for annotation graphs , along with optimizations , in support of expressive and efficient access to the annotations held on a large central server .
+0	We derive local microscopic optical potentials $ U $ systematically for polarized proton scattering at 65~MeV using the local-potential version of the Melbourne $ g $ -matrix folding model .	As target nuclei , we take $ ^ { 6 } $ He and neutron-rich Ne isotopes in addition to stable nuclei of mass number $ A=4 $ -- $ 208 $ in order to clarify mass-number and isotope dependence of $ U $ .	The local potentials reproduce the experimental data systematically and have geometries similar to the phenomenological optical potentials for stable targets .	The target density is broadened by the weak-binding nature and/or deformation of unstable nuclei .	For the real spin-orbit part of $ U $ the density broadening weakens the strength and enlarges the radius , whereas for the central part it enlarges both of the strength and the radius .
+2	The WD component dominates in the flat peak while the nebulae dominate after the photospheric temperature of the WD rises to log T ( K ) & gt ; ~ 4.5 , suggesting its WD origin .	We present a composite light-curve model of the symbiotic nova PU Vul ( Nova Vulpeculae 1979 ) that shows a long-lasted flat optical peak followed by a slow decline .	Our model light-curve consists of three components of emission , i.e. , an outbursting white dwarf ( WD ) , its M-giant companion , and nebulae .	We analyze the 1980 and 1994 eclipses to be total eclipses of the WD occulted by the pulsating M-giant companion with two sources of the nebular emission ; one is an unocculted nebula of the M-giant 's cool-wind origin and the other is a partially occulted nebula associated to the WD .	We confirmed our theoretical outburst model of PU Vul by new observational estimates , that spanned 32 yr , of the temperature and radius .
+4	A combination of serial and parallel 4D-Vars to increase performance is also explored .	A parallel-in-time algorithm based on an augmented Lagrangian approach is proposed to solve four-dimensional variational ( 4D-Var ) data assimilation problems .	The assimilation window is divided into multiple sub-intervals that allows to parallelize cost function and gradient computations .	Solution continuity equations across interval boundaries are added as constraints .	The augmented Lagrangian approach leads to a different formulation of the variational data assimilation problem than weakly constrained 4D-Var .
+1	The interaction effects result in renormalization of the effective spin susceptibility , effective mass , and g*-factor .	In this paper , we analyze several experiments that address the effects of electron-electron interactions in 2D electron ( hole ) systems in the regime of low carrier density .	We found a good agreement among the data obtained for different 2D electron systems by several experimental teams using different measuring techniques .	We conclude that the renormalization is not strongly affected by the material or sample-dependent parameters such as the potential well width , disorder ( the carrier mobility ) , and the bare ( band ) mass .	We demonstrate that the apparent disagreement between the reported results on various 2D electron systems originates mainly from different interpretations of similar `` raw '' data .
+1	In this paper , based on the analysis of [ 1 ] , we study three new aspects of the double-scaling limit of matrix models as Renormalization Group fixed points : Firstly , we investigate multicritical fixed points , which are associated with quantum gravity coupled to conformal matter .	We establish the functional Renormalization Group as an exploratory tool to investigate a possible phase transition between a pre-geometric discrete phase and a geometric continuum phase in quantum gravity .	Secondly , we discuss an approximation that reduces the scheme dependence of our results as well as computational effort while giving good numerical results .	This is a consequence of the approximation being a solution to the unitary Ward-identity associated to the U ( N ) symmetry of the hermitian matrix model .	Thirdly , we discuss a scenario that relates the double scaling limit to fixed points of continuum quantum gravity .
+3	Most of the candidates that have been proposed so far are not perfectly black , but decay into or otherwise interact with photons in characteristic ways that can be accurately modelled and compared with observational data .	Progress in observational cosmology over the past five years has established that the Universe is dominated dynamically by dark matter and dark energy .	Both these new and apparently independent forms of matter-energy have properties that are inconsistent with anything in the existing standard model of particle physics , and it appears that the latter must be extended .	We review what is known about dark matter and energy from their impact on the light of the night sky .	We show how experimental limits on the intensity of cosmic background radiation in the microwave , infrared , optical , ultraviolet , x-ray and gamma-ray bands put strong limits on decaying vacuum energy , light axions , neutrinos , unstable weakly-interacting massive particles ( WIMPs ) and objects like black holes .
+2	It would make possible a complete study of a light Higgs boson , including rare decay modes , and would provide a unique tool to study a heavy Higgs boson .	Following a brief outline of the CLIC project , this talk summarizes some of the principal motivations for an e+ e- collider with E_CM = 3 TeV .	It is shown by several examples that CLIC would represent a significant step beyond the LHC and ILC in its capabilities for precision measurements at high energies .	CLIC could also complete the studies of supersymmetric spectra , if sparticles are relatively light , and discover any heavier sparticles .	It would also enable deeper probes of extra dimensions , new gauge bosons and excited quarks or leptons .
+0	We develop the general formalism of string scattering from decaying D-branes in bosonic string theory .	In worldsheet perturbation theory , amplitudes can be written as a sum of correlators in a grand canonical ensemble of unitary random matrix models , with time setting the fugacity .	An approach employed in the past for computing amplitudes in this theory involves an unjustified analytic continuation from special integer momenta .	We give an alternative formulation which is well-defined for general momenta .	We study the emission of closed strings from a decaying D-brane with initial conditions perturbed by the addition of an open string vertex operator .
+1	However , the effective magnetic doping of TI is still challenging in experiment .	Magnetic interaction with the gapless surface states in topological insulator ( TI ) has been predicted to give rise to a few exotic quantum phenomena .	Using first-principles calculations , the magnetic doping properties ( V , Cr , Mn and Fe ) in three strong TIs ( Bi $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 3 } $ , Bi $ _ { 2 } $ Te $ _ { 3 } $ and Sb $ _ { 2 } $ Te $ _ { 3 } $ ) are investigated .	We find that for all three TIs the cation-site substitutional doping is most energetically favorable with anion-rich environment as the optimal growth condition .	Further our results show that under the nominal doping concentration of 4 % , Cr and Fe doped Bi $ _ { 2 } $ Se $ _ { 3 } $ , Bi $ _ { 2 } $ Te $ _ { 3 } $ , and Cr doped Sb $ _ { 2 } $ Te $ _ { 3 } $ remain as insulator , while all TIs doped with V , Mn and Fe doped Sb $ _ { 2 } $ Te $ _ { 3 } $ become metal .
+2	A bright near-bandedge photoluminescence ( PL ) could be observed even at room temperature , the intensity of which increased monotonically as the doping concentration was increased except for the highest doping level .	We investigated the optical properties of epitaxial \textit { n } -type ZnO films grown on lattice-matched ScAlMgO $ _4 $ substrates .	As the Ga doping concentration increased up to $ 6 \times 10^ { 20 } $ cm $ ^ { -3 } $ , the absorption edge showed a systematic blueshift , consistent with the Burstein-Moss effect .	It indicates that nonradiative transitions dominate at a low doping density .	Both a Stokes shift and broadening in the PL band are monotonically increasing functions of donor concentration , which was explained in terms of potential fluctuations caused by the random distribution of donor impurities .
+3	These measurements allow us to determine the coefficient of the linear damping force .	A hallmark of mechanical resonators made from a single nanotube is that the resonance frequency can be widely tuned .	Here , we take advantage of this property to realize parametric amplification and self-oscillation .	The gain of the parametric amplification can be as high as 18.2 dB and tends to saturate at high parametric pumping due to nonlinear damping .	The corresponding damping rate is lower than the one obtained from the lineshape of the resonance ( without pumping ) , supporting the recently reported scenario that describes damping in nanotube resonators by a nonlinear force .
+1	Short simulation times are achieved by solving the differential form of Maxwell 's equations inside the sample , whereas integration is only required at the surface to meet the exact boundary conditions .	A simple model for simulating the current dynamics and the magnetic properties of superconductors is presented .	The procedure reveals the time and position dependence of the current density and the magnetic induction ( B ) making it very convenient to apply field dependent material parameters for the simulation of magnetization loops , relaxation measurements , etc .	Two examples , which are important for standard magnetometry experiments , are discussed .	Firstly , we prove that evaluating the critical current density ( J_c ) from experiment by applying Bean 's model reveals almost the exact J_c ( B ) behavior , if the evaluation is corrected by a simple numerical expression .
+4	Examples of calibration to market data , both intraday and daily , are provided .	We develop a theory of securities price formation and dynamics based on quantum approach and without presuming any similarities with quantum mechanics .	Disorder introduced by trading environment leads to probability distribution of returns that is not a smooth curve , but a speckle-pattern fluctuating in both price coordinate and time .	This means that any given return can at times acquire a substantial probability of occurring while remaining low on average in time .	Still , due to local character of order interaction during price formation the distribution width grows smoothly , has a minimum value at small time scale and a square root behavior at large time scale .
+1	But the accuracy of these measurements is constrained by observational limitations and the diversity of possible atmospheric compositions .	Currently , the analysis of transmission spectra is the most successful technique to probe the chemical composition of exoplanet atmospheres .	Here we show the UV-VIS-IR transmission spectrum of Jupiter , as if it were a transiting exoplanet , obtained by observing one of its satellites , Ganymede , while passing through Jupiter 's shadow i.e. , during a solar eclipse from Ganymede .	The spectrum shows strong extinction due to the presence of clouds ( aerosols ) and haze in the atmosphere , and strong absorption features from CH4 .	More interestingly , the comparison with radiative transfer models reveals a spectral signature , which we attribute here to a Jupiter stratospheric layer of crystalline H2O ice .
+1	For modest nozzle heights , four clear regimes are observed .	A thread of viscous fluid falling onto a moving surface exhibits a spectacular variety of types of motion as the surface speed and nozzle height are varied .	For large surface speed , the thread is dragged into a stretched centenary configuration which is confined to a plane .	As the surface speed is lowered , this exhibits a supercritical bifurcation to a meandering state .	At very low surface speeds , the state resembles the usual coiling motion of a viscous thread falling on a stationary surface .
+3	In this work , we try to bridge the gap between theoretical algorithms in the security domain , and a practical Peer-to-Peer deployment .	We propose an efficient framework for enabling secure multi-party numerical computations in a Peer-to-Peer network .	This problem arises in a range of applications such as collaborative filtering , distributed computation of trust and reputation , monitoring and other tasks , where the computing nodes is expected to preserve the privacy of their inputs while performing a joint computation of a certain function .	Although there is a rich literature in the field of distributed systems security concerning secure multi-party computation , in practice it is hard to deploy those methods in very large scale Peer-to-Peer networks .	We consider two security models .
+0	Organic scintillators are widely used for fast neutron detection and spectroscopy .	Several effects complicate the interpretation of results from detectors based upon these materials .	First , fast neutrons will often leave a detector before depositing all of their energy within it .	Second , fast neutrons will typically scatter several times within a detector , and there is a non-proportional relationship between the energy of , and the scintillation light produced by , each individual scatter ; therefore , there is not a deterministic relationship between the scintillation light observed and the neutron energy deposited .	Here we demonstrate a hardware technique for reducing both of these effects .
+1	Conversely , blind calibration does not require any training , but corresponds to a bilinear inverse problem whose algorithmic solution is an open issue .	The implementation of computational sensing strategies often faces calibration problems typically solved by means of multiple , accurately chosen training signals , an approach that can be resource-consuming and cumbersome .	We here address blind calibration as a non-convex problem for linear random sensing models in which we aim to recover an unknown signal from its projections on sub-Gaussian random vectors , each of which is subject to an unknown multiplicative factor ( gain ) .	To solve this optimisation problem we resort to projected gradient descent starting from a suitable initialisation .	An analysis of this algorithm allows us to show that it converges to the global optimum provided a sample complexity requirement is met , i.e. , relating convergence to the amount of information collected during the sensing process .
+1	We have employed the generalized Foldy Wouthuysen framework , developed by some of us \cite { ber0 , ber1 , ber2 } .	In the present paper we have directly computed the Berry curvature terms relevant for Graphene in the presence of an \textit { inhomogeneous } lattice distortion .	We show that a non-constant lattice distortion leads to a valley-orbit coupling which is responsible to a valley-Hall effect .	This is similar to the valley-Hall effect induced by an electric field proposed in \cite { niu2 } and is the analogue of the spin-Hall effect in semiconductors \cite { MURAKAMI , SINOVA } .	Our general expressions for Berry curvature , for the special case of homogeneous distortion , reduce to the previously obtained results \cite { niu2 } .
+1	The current level of accuracy is 3.5PN order .	The equations of motion of compact binary systems have been derived in the post-Newtonian ( PN ) approximation of general relativity .	The conservative part of the equations of motion ( neglecting the radiation reaction damping terms ) is deducible from a generalized Lagrangian in harmonic coordinates , or equivalently from an ordinary Hamiltonian in ADM coordinates .	As an application we investigate the problem of the dynamical stability of circular binary orbits against gravitational perturbations up to the 3PN order .	We find that there is no innermost stable circular orbit or ISCO at the 3PN order for equal masses .
+0	We consider the well-posedness of a model for a flow-structure interaction .	This model describes the dynamics of an elastic flexible plate with clamped boundary conditions immersed in a supersonic flow .	A perturbed wave equation describes the flow potential .	The plate 's out-of-plane displacement can be modeled by various nonlinear plate equations ( including von Karman and Berger ) .	We show that the linearized model is well-posed on the state space ( as given by finite energy considerations ) and generates a strongly continuous semigroup .
+0	The high quality light curves of Kepler space telescope make it possible to analyze the optical variability of AGNs with an unprecedented time resolution .	Studying the asymmetry in variations could give independent constraints on the physical models for AGN variability .	In this paper , we use Kepler observations of 19 sources to perform analyses on the variability asymmetry of AGNs .	We apply smoothing-correction to light curves to deduct the bias to high frequency variability asymmetry , caused by long term variations which are poorly sampled due to the limited length of light curves .	A parameter $ \beta $ based on structure functions is introduced to quantitively describe the asymmetry and its uncertainty is measured using extensive Monte-Carlo simulations .
+1	As consumers requires sensory experience especially for apparel goods for which their appearance matters most , images play a key role not only in conveying crucial information that is hard to express in text , but also in affecting consumer 's attitude and emotion towards the product .	Fashion , and especially apparel , is the fastest-growing category in online shopping .	However , research related to e-commerce product image has mostly focused on quality at perceptual level , but not the quality of content , and the way of presenting .	This study aims to address the effectiveness of types of image in showcasing fashion apparel in terms of its attractiveness , i.e.the ability to draw consumer 's attention , interest , and in return their engagement .	We apply advanced vision technique to quantize attractiveness using three common display types in fashion filed , i.e.human model , mannequin , and flat .
+1	Based upon this model , we can explain transport , magnetic , and thermodynamic properties of LiV_2O_4 .	We investigate the Hubbard chains network model defined on corner-sharing tetrahedra ( the pyrochlore lattice ) which is a possible microscopic model for the heavy fermion state of LiV_2O_4 .	We calculate the spin susceptibility , and the specific heat coefficient , exploiting the Bethe ansatz exact solution of the 1D Hubbard model and bosonization method .	The results are quite consistent with experimental observations .	We obtain the large specific heat coefficient $ \gamma\sim 222 { \rm mJ/mol K^2 } $ .
+4	2 , which leads to the gradual decrease of the halo mass in high-density cusps .	The self-interacting dark matter ( SIDM ) model with flavor mixing ( astro-ph/0010616 ) was proposed to resolve problems of the CDM model on small scales by keeping attractive features of both SIDM and annihilating dark matter , and simultaneously avoid their drawbacks .	A dark particle produced in a flavor eigenstate will separate into two mass eigenstates because they propagate with different velocities and , in a gravitational filed , along different geodesics , see Fig.1 .	Thus , in the flavor-mixed SIDM , dark halos are made of heavy eigenstates , whereas light eigenstates may leave the halo .	Collisions ( elastic scattering ) of mass states results in eigenstate conversion , see Fig .
+0	We discuss functions from edges and vertices of an undirected graph to an Abelian group .	Such functions , when the sum of their values along any cycle is zero , are called balanced labelings .	The set of balanced labelings forms an Abelian group .	We study the structure of this group and the structure of two closely related to it groups : the subgroup of balanced labelings which consists of functions vanishing on vertices and the corresponding factor-group .	This work is completely self-contained , except the algorithm for obtaining the 3-edge-connected components of an undirected graph , for which we make appropriate references to the literature .
+2	The vibrational analysis of B $ _ { 80 } $ indicates that the icosahedral structure is vibrationally unstable with 7 imaginary frequencies .	We investigate the vibrational stability and the electronic structure of the proposed icosahedral fullerene-like cage structure of B80 [ Szwacki , Sadrzadeh , and Yakobson , Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 98 } , 166804 ( 2007 ) ] by an all electron density functional theory using polarized Gaussian basis functions containing 41 basis functions per atom .	The equilibrium structure has $ T_h $ symmetry and a { \em smaller } gap of 0.96 eV between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels compared to the icosahedral structure .	The static dipole polarizability of B $ _ { 80 } $ cage is 149 \AAA and the first ionization energy is 6.4 eV .
+3	Firstly , an emergent scaling symmetry at the lowest energy scales appears as an emergent isometry in the interior , `near horizon ' regime of the spacetime .	The holographic correspondence creates an interface between classical gravitational physics and the dynamics of strongly interacting quantum field theories .	This chapter will relate the physics of charged , asymptotically Anti-de Sitter spacetimes to the phenomenology of low temperature critical phases of condensed matter .	Common essential features will characterise both the gravitational and field theoretic systems .	Secondly , the field theoretic distinction between fractionalized and mesonic phases appears as the presence or absence of a charge-carrying horizon in the spacetime .
+2	We prove nonasymptotic lower and upper bounds on the minimax subspace estimation error for $ 0\leq q\leq1 $ .	We study sparse principal components analysis in high dimensions , where $ p $ ( the number of variables ) can be much larger than $ n $ ( the number of observations ) , and analyze the problem of estimating the subspace spanned by the principal eigenvectors of the population covariance matrix .	We introduce two complementary notions of $ \ell_q $ subspace sparsity : row sparsity and column sparsity .	The bounds are optimal for row sparse subspaces and nearly optimal for column sparse subspaces , they apply to general classes of covariance matrices , and they show that $ \ell_q $ constrained estimates can achieve optimal minimax rates without restrictive spiked covariance conditions .	Interestingly , the form of the rates matches known results for sparse regression when the effective noise variance is defined appropriately .
+3	The pseudo-likelihood model enables one to capture long range dependencies among the output components of the sequence without becoming computationally intractable .	Several machine learning problems arising in natural language processing can be modeled as a sequence labeling problem .	We provide Gaussian process models based on pseudo-likelihood approximation to perform sequence labeling .	Gaussian processes ( GPs ) provide a Bayesian approach to learning in a kernel based framework .	We use an efficient variational Gaussian approximation method to perform inference in the proposed model .
+4	The radiation acoustic force is calculated for the mono-polar source .	Five eigenvectors of the linear thermoviscous flow over the homogeneous background derived for the quasi-plane geometry of the flow .	The corresponding projectors are calculated and applied to get the nonlinear evolution equations for the interacting vortical and acoustic modes .	Equation on streaming cased by arbitrary acoustic wave is specified .	The correspondence to the known results on streaming cased by quasi-periodic source is traced .
+4	With some modifications we obtain more acceptable models with a correct energy-momentum spectrum and with an upper bound to a quantity similar to the acceleration , that we call `` pseudo-acceleration '' .	We discuss some Lagrangian and presymplectic models concerning test particles in electromagnetic and gravitational fields , with the aim of describing an upper bound to the acceleration .	Some models are based on the relativistic phase space and others on the bundle of the Lorentz frames .	For the second case , an appropriate version of the methods of analytic mechanics , including the Noether theorem , is developed .	A strict application of the analogy with the bound to velocity which appears in relativity theory gives rise to interesting models which , however , have an unphysical energy-momentum spectrum or do not imply the required upper bound .
+3	We then consider the effects of introducing a single energy splititng between the 2 orbits .	Using an attractive surface delta interaction we obtain wave functions for 2 neutrons ( or neutron holes ) in the model space of 2 orbits ( l=4 , j=7/2 ) and ( l=2 , j=5/2 ) .	If we take the single particle energies to be degenerate we find that the g factors for I=2 , 4 and 6 are all the same -namely the orbital g factor of the single nucleon .	For a free neutron this quantity zero all 2particle or 2 hole g factors are equal to zero as well.. Only the orbital part of the g -factors contribute - the spin part cancels out .	We speculate that g factors for all n can be obtained by a linear approximation .
+1	Gaussian mixture source , and $ { \bf z } $ is additive white Gaussian noise ( AWGN ) in parallel Gaussian channels .	Consider the estimation of a signal $ { \bf x } \in\mathbb { R } ^N $ from noisy observations $ { \bf r=x+z } $ , where the input~ $ { \bf x } $ is generated by an independent and identically distributed ( i.i.d . )	Typically , the $ \ell_2 $ -norm error ( squared error ) is used to quantify the performance of the estimation process .	In contrast , we consider the $ \ell_\infty $ -norm error ( worst case error ) .	For this error metric , we prove that , in an asymptotic setting where the signal dimension $ N\to\infty $ , the $ \ell_\infty $ -norm error always comes from the Gaussian component that has the largest variance , and the Wiener filter asymptotically achieves the optimal expected $ \ell_\infty $ -norm error.The i.i.d .
+0	The Internet of Things movement provides self-configuring and universally interoperable devices .	While such devices are often built with a specific application in mind , they often turn out to be useful in other contexts as well .	We claim that by describing the devices ' knowledge in a universal way , IoT devices can become first-class citizens in the Internet .	They can then exchange data between heterogeneous hardware , different applications and large data sources on the Web .	Our key idea -- - in contrast to most existing approaches -- - is to not restrict the domain of knowledge that can be expressed on the device in any way and , at the same time , allow this knowledge to be machine-understandable and linkable across different locations .
+2	To evade the LHC SUSY search constraints , the gluino also has a heavy Dirac mass above 3 TeV from $ D- $ term SUSY breaking .	We propose the Supersymmetric Standard Models ( SSMs ) with a pseudo-Dirac gluino from hybrid $ F- $ and $ D- $ term supersymmetry ( SUSY ) breakings .	Similar to the SSMs before the LHC , all the supersymmetric particles in the Minimal SSM ( MSSM ) obtain the SUSY breaking soft terms from the traditional gravity mediation and have masses within about 1 TeV except gluino .	Interestingly , such a heavy Dirac gluino mass will not induce the electroweak fine-tuning problem .	We realize such SUSY breakings via an anomalous $ U ( 1 ) _X $ gauge symmetry inspired from string models .
+3	First , we will analyze the overall achievable performance of the proposed cancellation scheme , while also providing some insight into the possible bottlenecks .	In this paper we propose and analyze a novel self-interference cancellation structure for in-band MIMO full-duplex transceivers .	The proposed structure utilizes reference receiver chains to obtain reference signals for digital self-interference cancellation , which means that all the transmitter-induced nonidealities will be included in the digital cancellation signal .	To the best of our knowledge , this type of a structure has not been discussed before in the context of full-duplex transceivers .	We also provide a detailed formulation of the actual cancellation procedure , and perform an analysis into the effect of the received signal of interest on self-interference coupling channel estimation .
+1	It is assumed that the boundary value of the real part of the function on $ \partial { \mathbb C } _+ $ belongs to $ L^p $ .	The representation for the sharp constant $ { \rm K } _ { n , p } $ in an estimate of the modulus of the $ n $ -th derivative of an analytic function in the upper half-plane $ { \mathbb C } _+ $ is considered .	The representation for $ { \rm K } _ { n , p } $ comprises an optimization problem by parameter inside of the integral .	This problem is solved for $ p=2 ( m+1 ) / ( 2m+1-n ) $ , $ n\leq 2m+1 $ , and for some first derivatives of even order in the case $ p=\infty $ .	The formula for $ { \rm K } _ { n , \ ; 2 ( m+1 ) / ( 2m+1-n ) } $ contains , for instance , the known expressions for $ { \rm K } _ { 2m+1 , \infty } $ and $ { \rm K } _ { m , 2 } $ as particular cases .
+3	These two properties taken together amount to saying that $ \square $ is a $ G $ -Fredholm operator .	Let $ G $ be a unimodular Lie group , $ X $ a compact manifold with boundary , and $ M $ be the total space of a principal bundle $ G\to M\to X $ so that $ M $ is also a strongly pseudoconvex complex manifold .	In this work , we show that if $ G $ acts by holomorphic transformations in $ M $ , then the complex Laplacian $ \square $ on $ M $ has the following properties : The kernel of $ \square $ restricted to the forms $ \Lambda^ { p , q } $ with $ q $ positive is a closed , $ G $ -invariant subspace in $ L^ { 2 } ( M , \Lambda^ { p , q } ) $ of finite $ G $ -dimension .	Secondly , we show that if $ q $ is positive , then the image of $ \square $ contains a closed , $ G $ -invariant subspace of finite codimension in $ L^ { 2 } ( M , \Lambda^ { p , q } ) $ .	The boundary Laplacian has similar properties .
+3	Under the influence of a constant force , the probability for a particle to tunnel from the lower to the upper band is computed numerically in the whole range of these two parameters and analytically in different limits using ( i ) the Stueckelberg theory for two successive linear band crossings , ( ii ) diabatic perturbation theory , ( iii ) adiabatic perturbation theory and ( iv ) a modified Stueckelberg formula .	Motivated by a recent experiment in a tunable graphene analog [ L. Tarruell et al. , Nature 483 , 302 ( 2012 ) ] , we consider a generalization of the Landau-Zener problem to the case of a quadratic crossing between two bands in the vicinity of the merging transition of Dirac cones .	The latter is described by the so-called universal hamiltonian .	In this framework , the inter-band tunneling problem depends on two dimensionless parameters : one measures the proximity to the merging transition and the other the adiabaticity of the motion .	We obtain a complete phase diagram and explain the presence of unexpected probability oscillations in terms of interferences between two poles in the complex time plane .
+1	Arnold [ Russian Math .	V.I .	Surveys 26 ( 2 ) ( 1971 ) 29-43 ] constructed miniversal deformations of square complex matrices under similarity .	Reduction transformations to them and also to miniversal deformations of matrix pencils and matrices under congruence can be taken holomorphic .	We prove that this is not true for reduction transformations to miniversal deformations of matrices under *congruence .
+4	In-medium cross sections are obtained from the generalized derivation of collision integrals , which possess complete crossing symmetries .	Within the $ \sigma-\omega $ model of coupled nucleon-meson systems , a generalized relativistic Lenard -- Balescu -- equation is presented resulting from a relativistic random phase approximation ( RRPA ) .	This provides a systematic derivation of relativistic transport equations in the frame of nonequilibrium Green 's function technique including medium effects as well as fluctuation effects .	It contains all possible processes due to one meson exchange and special attention is kept to the off -- shell character of the particles .	As a new feature of many particle effects , processes are possible which can be interpreted as particle creation and annihilation due to in-medium one meson exchange .
+0	A new class of pre-main sequence objects has been recently identified as pre-transitional disks .	They present near-infrared excess coupled to a flux deficit at about 10 microns and a rising mid-infrared and far-infrared spectrum .	These features suggest a disk structure with inner and outer dust components , separated by a dust-depleted region ( or gap ) .	We here report on the first interferometric observations of the disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 139614 .	Its infrared spectrum suggests a flared disk , and presents pre-transitional features , namely a substantial near-infrared excess accompanied by a dip around 6 microns and a rising mid-infrared part .
+0	During the life cycle of an XML application , both schemas and queries may change from one version to another .	Schema evolutions may affect query results and potentially the validity of produced data .	Nowadays , a challenge is to assess and accommodate the impact of theses changes in rapidly evolving XML applications .	This article proposes a logical framework and tool for verifying forward/backward compatibility issues involving schemas and queries .	First , it allows analyzing relations between schemas .
+0	We prove scattering for the radial nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation $ \partial_ { tt } u - \Delta u + u & amp ; = & amp ; -|u|^ { p-1 } u $ with $ 5 & gt ; p & gt ; 3 $ and data $ ( u_ { 0 } , u_ { 1 } ) \in H^ { s } \times H^ { s-1 } $ , $ 1 & gt ; s & gt ; 1- \frac { ( 5-p ) ( p-3 ) } { 2 ( p-1 ) ( p-2 ) } $ if $ 4 \geq p & gt ; 3 $ and $ 1 & gt ; s & gt ; 1 - \frac { ( 5-p ) ^ { 2 } } { 2 ( p-1 ) ( 6-p ) } $ if $ 5 & gt ; p \geq 4 $ .	First we prove Strichartz-type estimates in $ L_ { t } ^ { q } L_ { x } ^ { r } $ spaces .	Then by using these decays we establish some local bounds .	By combining these results to a Morawetz-type estimate and a radial Sobolev inequality we control the variation of an almost conserved quantity on arbitrary large intervals .	Once we have showed that this quantity is controlled , we prove that some of these local bounds can be upgraded to global bounds .
+2	Observed at the same $ 12 '' $ angular resolution , the \CII\ lines are broader than those of CO by about 50 % but narrower than the \HI\ lines .	This work presents high spectral resolution observations of the \CII\ line at 158 \micron , one of the major cooling lines of the interstellar medium , taken with the HIFI heterodyne spectrometer on the Herschel satellite .	In BCLMP 691 , an \HII\ region far north ( 3.3 kpc ) in the disk of M 33 , the \CII\ and CO line profiles show similar velocities within $ 0.5 \kms $ , while the \HI\ line velocities are systematically shifted towards lower rotation velocities by $ \sim 5\kms $ .	The \CII\ line to far-infrared continuum ratio suggests a photoelectric heating efficiency of 1.1 % .	The data , together with published models indicate a UV field $ G_0 \sim 100 $ in units of the solar neighborhood value , a gas density $ n_H \sim 1000 \cc $ , and a gas temperature $ T\sim 200 $ K. Adopting these values , we estimate the C $ ^+ $ column density to be $ N_ { C^+ } \approx 1.3 \times 10^ { 17 } \cmt $ .
+2	Using the Effelsberg-Bonn HI Survey and the Planck far-infrared data , we investigate a bright , cold , and clumpy HVC .	Because isolated high-velocity clouds ( HVCs ) are found at great distances from the Galactic radiation field and because they have subsolar metallicities , there have been no detections of dust in these structures .	A key problem in this search is the removal of foreground dust emission .	This cloud apparently undergoes an interaction with the ambient medium and thus has great potential to form dust .	To remove the local foreground dust emission we used a regularised , generalised linear model and we show the advantages of this approach with respect to other methods .
+0	The spectrum of Harper 's equation is determined by the discriminant , which is a certain polynomial of degree Q if the commensurability parameter of Harper 's equation is P/Q , where P , Q are coprime positive integers .	A simple expression is indicated for the derivative of the discriminant at zero energy for odd Q .	Three dominant terms of the asymptotics of this derivative are calculated for the case of an arbitrary P as Q increases .	The result gives a lower bound on the width of the centermost band of Harper 's equation and shows the effects of band clustering .	It is noticed that the Hausdorff dimension of the spectrum is zero for the case P=1 , Q infinitely large .
+0	The human brain is a complex network of interconnected brain regions organized into functional modules with distinct roles in cognition and behavior .	An important question concerns the persistence and stability of these modules over the human lifespan .	Here we use graph-theoretic analysis to algorithmically uncover the brain 's intrinsic modular organization across multiple spatial scales ranging from small communities comprised of only a few brain regions to large communities made up of many regions .	We find that at coarse scales modules become progressively more segregated , while at finer scales segregation decreases .	Module composition also exhibits scale-specific and age-dependent changes .
+2	The equation of state of dark energy exhibits a divergence at a redshift z_c that can be as close as a few while satisfying sound horizon constraints of Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) .	We discuss observational consequences of f ( R ) dark energy scenarios that satisfy local gravity constraints ( LGC ) as well as conditions of the cosmological viability .	The model we study is given by m ( r ) =C ( -r-1 ) ^p ( C & gt ; 0 , p & gt ; 1 ) with m=Rf_ { , RR } /f_ { , R } and r=-Rf_ { , R } /f , which cover viable f ( R ) models proposed so far in a high-curvature region designed to be compatible with LGC .	We study the evolution of matter density perturbations in details and place constraints on model parameters from the difference of spectral indices of power spectra between CMB and galaxy clustering .	The models with p & gt ; 5 can be consistent with those observational constraints as well as LGC .
+4	A cluster from high-resolution simulations is then used to assess the reality of high-order singularities such as swallowtails and butterflies in caustics , which are important for the interpretation of substructures in gravitational lenses .	We propose a new smoothing method for obtaining surface densities from discrete particle positions from numerical simulations .	This is an essential step for many applications in gravitational lensing .	This method is based on the `` scatter '' interpretation of the discrete density field in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics .	We use Monte Carlo simulations of uniform density fields and one isothermal ellipsoid to empirically derive the noise properties , and best smoothing parameters ( such as the number of nearest neighbors used ) .
+0	I use the spectroscopic data for galaxies in and around nearby ( 0.02 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.06 ) X-ray bright galaxy clusters , to show that the incidence of k+a ( or post-starburst ) galaxies ( EW ( Ha ) & lt ; 2 ang in emission and EW ( Hd ) & gt ; 3 ang in absorption ) may be correlated with the accretion of small galaxy groups in clusters .	At r & lt ; 2r200 , the k+a galaxies are found in regions of higher galaxy density relative to other cluster galaxies .	The k+a galaxies have a positively skewed distribution of absolute velocity , |v_los|/sigma_v , where v_los is the difference between the line-of-sight velocity of the galaxy and the cluster 's mean , and sigma_v is the cluster 's velocity dispersion .	This distribution is statistically different from that of other cluster galaxies within 2r200 , and in the same absolute velocity range .	Moreover , 87 % of clusters in the sample studied here show statistically significant substructure in their velocity distribution , and 91.4 % of all k+a galaxies are found to be a part of one of these substructures with 4-10 members .
+2	We show that in the adiabatic limit , when the metric on $ H^2 $ is scaled down , the Yang-Mills action supplemented by the $ d=5 $ Chern-Simons term becomes the Green-Schwarz superstring action .	We consider Yang-Mills theory with $ N=2 $ super translation group in $ d=10 $ auxiliary dimensions as the structure group .	The gauge theory is defined on a direct product manifold $ \Sigma_2\times H^2 $ , where $ \Sigma_2 $ is a two-dimensional Lorentzian manifold and $ H^2 $ is the open disc in $ \mathbb { R } ^2 $ with the boundary $ S^1=\partial H^2 $ .	More concretely , the Yang-Mills action in the infrared limit flows to the kinetic part of the superstring action and the $ d=5 $ Chern-Simons action , defined on a 5-manifold with the boundary $ \Sigma_2\times H^2 $ , flows to the Wess-Zumino part of the superstring action .	The same kind of duality between gauge fields and strings is established for type IIB superstring on AdS $ _5\times S^5 $ background and a supergroup gauge theory with PSU ( 2,2 $ | $ 4 ) as the structure group .
+3	The static spherically symmetric solution is wormhole-like solution located between two null surfaces , in contrast to 4D Einstein-Yang-Mills theory where corresponding solution ( black hole ) located outside of event horizon .	The multidimensional gravity on the total space of principal bundle is considered .	In this theory the gauge fields arise as nondiagonal components of multidimensional metric .	The spherically symmetric and cosmology solutions for gravity on SU ( 2 ) principal bundle are obtained .	Cosmology solution ( at least locally ) has the bouncing off effect for spatial dimensions .
+2	We provide three proofs of this result .	Given a probability space $ ( \Omega , \Sigma , \mu ) $ , the Hardy space $ \mathrm { H } _1 ( \Omega ) $ which is associated to the martingale square function does not admit a classical atomic decomposition when the underlying filtration is not regular .	In this paper we construct a decomposition of $ \mathrm { H } _1 ( \Omega ) $ into `` atomic blocks '' $ { } $ in the spirit of Tolsa , which we will introduce for martingales .	Only the first one also applies to noncommutative martingales , the main target of this paper .	The other proofs emphasize alternative approaches for commutative martingales .
+1	If true , this material may lie close to the sought-after quantum spin liquid phase in three dimensions .	The recently discovered three-dimensional hyperhoneycomb iridate , $ \beta $ -Li $ _2 $ IrO $ _3 $ , has raised hopes for the realization of dominant Kitaev interaction between spin-orbit entangled local moments due to its near-ideal lattice structure .	Utilizing ab-initio electronic structure calculations , we first show that the spin-orbit entangled basis , $ j_ { \rm eff } $ =1/2 , correctly captures the low energy electronic structure .	The effective spin model derived in the strong coupling limit supplemented by the ab-initio results is shown to be dominated by the Kitaev interaction .	We demonstrated that the possible range of parameters is consistent with a non-coplanar spiral magnetic order found in a recent experiment .
+1	We study simple MAX-MIN ant systems on the class of linear pseudo-Boolean functions defined on binary strings of length 'n ' .	With this paper , we contribute to the understanding of ant colony optimization ( ACO ) algorithms by formally analyzing their runtime behavior .	Our investigations point out how the progress according to function values is stored in pheromone .	We provide a general upper bound of O ( ( n^3 \log n ) / \rho ) for two ACO variants on all linear functions , where ( \rho ) determines the pheromone update strength .	Furthermore , we show improved bounds for two well-known linear pseudo-Boolean functions called OneMax and BinVal and give additional insights using an experimental study .
+2	Comparison is made with predictions of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method with the HFB-17 functional .	Single-particle levels of seven magic nuclei are calculated within the Energy Density Functional ( EDF ) method by Fayans et al .	Three versions of the EDF are used , the initial Fayans functional DF3 and its two variations , DF3-a and DF3-b , with different values of spin-orbit parameters .	For the DF3-a functional , phonon coupling ( PC ) corrections to single-particle energies are found self-consistently with an approximate account for the tadpole diagram .	Account for the PC corrections improves agreement with the data for heavy nuclei , e.g.for 208 Pb .
+2	The supernebula is revealed to be multiple sources within an envelope of weaker emission .	We report subarcsecond-resolution VLA and Keck mid-infrared imaging of the dwarf starburst galaxy II Zw 40 .	II Zw 40 contains a bright , compact thermal radio and infrared source with all the characteristics of a collection of dense HII regions ionized by at least 14,000 O stars .	The radio emission is dominated by free-free emission at 2cm , and the spectrum of this emission appears to be rising .	This suggests that the free-free emission is optically thick at 2cm , and that the individual HII regions are ~1pc in size .
+2	The mathematical formulations for these models give rise to three-level mixed-integer optimization problems , which are solved using different strategies .	In recent advances in solving the problem of transmission network expansion planning , the use of robust optimization techniques has been put forward , as an alternative to stochastic mathematical programming methods , to make the problem tractable in realistic systems .	Different sources of uncertainty have been considered , mainly related to the capacity and availability of generation facilities and demand , and making use of adaptive robust optimization models .	Although it is true that these robust methods are more efficient than their stochastic counterparts , it is also correct that solution times for mixed-integer linear programming problems increase exponentially with respect to the size of the problem .	Because of this , practitioners and system operators need to use computationally efficient methods when solving this type of problem .
+2	Moreover , electron density fluctuations can accelerate streamer branching .	In the high field region at the head of a discharge streamer , the electron energy distribution develops a long tail .	In negative streamers , these electrons can run away and contribute to energetic processes such as terrestrial gamma-ray and electron flashes .	To track energies and locations of single electrons in relevant regions , we have developed a 3D hybrid model that couples a particle model in the region of high fields and low electron densities with a fluid model in the rest of the domain .	Here we validate our 3D hybrid model on a 3D ( super- ) particle model for negative streamers in overvolted gaps , and we show that it almost reaches the computational efficiency of a 3D fluid model .
+0	In this paper we study wave propagation and scattering near a rotating black hole .	In particular , we assume a coherent emission source near the black hole and investigate the wavefront distortion as seen by a distant observer .	Near the observer , the propagating wave can be decomposed using the Laguerre-Gaussian mode basis and its wavefront distortion can be characterized by the decomposition coefficient .	We find that this decomposition spectrum is symmetric for wave sources located near a Schwarzschild black hole , but is generically asymmetric if the host black hole is rotating .	The spectrum asymmetry , or the net orbital angular momentum carried by the wave , is intimately related to the black hole spin and mass , the wave frequency and the locations of the source and the observer .
+3	The MRI produces enhanced angular momentum and leads to a breakdown of laminar flow into turbulence .	The magnetohydrodynamical behavior ( MHD ) of accretion disks is reviewed .	A detailed presentation of the fundamental MHD equations appropriate for protostellar disks is given .	The combination of a weak ( subthermal ) magnetic field and Keplerian rotation is unstable to the magnetorotational instability ( MRI ) , if the degree of ionization in the disk is sufficiently high .	If the turbulent energy is dissipated locally , standard `` $ \alpha $ '' modeling should give a reasonable estimate for the disk structure .
+0	We present here a short review of mainly experimental properties of noise as disordered systems are driven into non-ohmic regimes by applying voltages of few volts only .	It is found that the noise does not simply follow the resistance in that the direction of change of noise could be opposite to that of resistance .	It is discussed how this and other properties make the noise a complementary and incisive tool for studying complex systems , particularly its dynamic properties .	Study of noise in non-ohmic regimes in physical systems is rather in a nascent stage .	Some of the open issues are highlighted .
+3	Several of the low-frequency QPOs observed in the X-ray tail of SGR 1806-20 can readily be identified with the Alfv\'en QPOs we compute .	We investigate torsional Alfv\'en oscillations of relativistic stars with a global dipole magnetic field , via two-dimensional numerical simulations .	We find that a ) there exist two families of quasi-periodic oscillations ( QPOs ) with harmonics at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency , b ) the lower-frequency QPO is related to the region of closed field lines , near the equator , while the higher-frequency QPO is generated near the magnetic axis , c ) the QPOs are long-lived , d ) for the chosen form of dipolar magnetic field , the frequency ratio of the lower to upper fundamental QPOs is ~0.6 , independent of the equilibrium model or of the strength of the magnetic field , and e ) within a representative sample of equations of state and of various magnetar masses , the Alfv\'en QPO frequencies are given by accurate empirical relations that depend only on the compactness of the star and on the magnetic field strength .	The lower and upper QPOs can be interpreted as corresponding to the edges or turning points of an Alfv\'en continuum , according to the model proposed by Levin ( 2007 ) .	In particular , one could identify the 18Hz and 30Hz observed frequencies with the fundamental lower and upper QPOs , correspondingly , while the observed frequencies of 92Hz and 150Hz are then integer multiples of the fundamental upper QPO frequency ( three times and five times , correspondingly ) .
+1	Using RHESSI data we try to answer two following questions .	As it was shown by many authors , a slow decrease in X-rays observed during the decay phase of long duration flares ( LDE ) can be explained only by a magnetic reconnection and energy release ceaselessly ongoing in the coronal part of a flare .	How effective are these processes at the LDEs decay phase and how can precisely the energy release rate be calculated based on these data ?	To answer the questions images of the selected LDEs during their decay phase were reconstructed .	Physical parameters of flare coronal sources obtained from image spectral analysis allowed us to study the efficiency of the energy release process .
+1	Two cubes $ [ 0,1 ) ^d+t $ , $ [ 0,1 ) ^d+s $ are called a twin pair if their closures have a complete facet in common , that is if $ |t_j-s_j|=1 $ for some $ j\in [ d ] =\ { 1 , ... , d\ } $ and $ t_i=s_i $ for every $ i\in [ d ] \setminus \ { j\ } $ .	A cube tiling of R^d is a family of pairwise disjoint cubes $ [ 0,1 ) ^d+T=\ { [ 0,1 ) ^d+t : t\in T\ } $ such that $ \bigcup_ { t\in T } ( [ 0,1 ) ^d+t ) =R^d $ .	In 1930 , Keller conjectured that in every cube tiling of R^d there is a twin pair .	Keller 's conjecture is true for dimensions $ d\leq 6 $ and false for all dimensions $ d\geq 8 $ .	For $ d=7 $ the conjecture is still open .
+0	Magnetic quadrupole and electric octupole transitions from the configurations $ 4p^54d^ { N+1 } $ and $ 4p^64d^ { N-1 } 4f $ were calculated along with magnetic dipole , electric dipole and electric quadrupole radiative transitions in quasirelativistic Hartree-Fock approximation .	Their significance in determining the metastable level radiative lifetimes was investigated along several isoelectronic sequences for the ions from $ Z=50 $ to $ Z=92 $ .	Strontium-like ions , zirconium-like ions , molybdenum-like ions and rhodium-like ions were studied comprehensively .	Remaining isoelectronic sequences with the ground configuration $ 4d^ { N } $ ( $ N=1,3,5,7,8,10 $ ) were also reviewed albeit in less detail .	A systematic trends of determined total radiative lifetimes were studied .
+1	The Very Large Array ( VLA ) flux density was 1.23 $ \pm $ 0.07 mJy , corresponding to an isotropic luminosity at 8.4GHz of ( 4.45 $ \pm $ 0.3 ) $ \times10^ { 25 } $ erg s $ ^ { -1 } $ Hz $ ^ { -1 } $ and a brightness temperature of ( 1.3 $ \pm $ 0.3 ) $ \times10^ { 8 } $ K. We also provide an improved source position , accurate to about 0.5 mas in each coordinate .	We report on 8.4GHz Very Long Baseline Interferometry ( VLBI ) observations of the type II-P supernova SN2004et in the spiral galaxy NGC 6946 , made on 20 February 2005 ( 151 days after explosion ) .	The VLBI image shows a clear asymmetry .	From model fitting of the size of the radio emission , we estimate a minimum expansion velocity of 15,700 $ \pm $ 2,000 km s $ ^ { -1 } $ .	This velocity is more than twice the expected mean expansion velocity estimated from a synchrotron self-absorbed emission model , thus suggesting that synchrotron self-absorption is not relevant for this supernova .
+2	The scattering introduced by irradiation suppresses T_c and tends to average the two gaps although less than predicted by theory .	We studied the effect of disorder on the superconducting properties of polycrystalline MgB_2 by specific-heat measurements .	In the pristine state , these measurements give a bulk confirmation of the presence of two superconducting gaps with 2 Delta 0 / k_B T_c = 1.3 and 3.9 with nearly equal weights .	We also found that by a suitable irradiation process by fast neutrons , a substantial bulk increase of dH_ { c2 } /dT at T_c can be obtained without sacrificing more than a few degrees in T_c .	The upper critical field of the sample after irradiation exceeds 28 T at T goes to 0 K .
+1	Let S be a finite set of point sites in d dimensions .	We consider the following variant of the Monge-Kantorovich transportation problem .	A bounded set C in d-dimensional space is to be distributed among the sites p in S such that ( i ) each p receives a subset C_p of prescribed volume , and ( ii ) the average distance of all points of C from their respective sites p is minimized .	In our model , volume is quantified by some measure , and the distance between a site p and a point z is given by a function d_p ( z ) .	Under quite liberal technical assumptions on C and on the functions d_p we show that a solution of minimum total cost can be obtained by intersecting with C the Voronoi diagram of the sites in S , based on the functions d_p with suitable additive weights .
+3	We also introduce for the first time the Lyapunov function for the corresponding system , its equation , and its basic properties .	We consider singularities of static spherically symmetric objects in minimal dilatonic gravity .	They are only partially studied and purely understood even in the simplest models of extended gravity .	We introduce the proper form of the structure equations and derive a set of all singularities , which turn to form several types of sub-manifolds of the phase space .	The dependence on the mass of the dark scalar is discussed .
+4	If correct , this would make true Jupiter-like planets much more difficult to detect at young ages than previously thought .	We examine the spectra and infrared colors of the cool methane-dominated atmospheres at Teff & lt ; 1400 K expected for young gas giant planets .	We couple these spectral calculations to an updated version of the Marley et al .	( 2007 ) giant planet thermal evolution models that include formation by core accretion-gas capture .	These relatively cool `` young Jupiters '' can be 1-6 magnitudes fainter than predicted by standard cooling tracks that include a traditional initial condition , which may provide a diagnostic of formation .
+4	We then discuss a dynamical local observable defined as the acceleration of quantum state evolution after performing an instaneous single-qubit perturbation on the ground state .	We introduce observable quantities , borrowing from concepts of quantum information theory , for the characterization of quantum phase transitions in spin systems .	These observables are uniquely defined in terms of single spin unitary operations .	We define the energy gap between the ground state and the state produced by the action of a single-qubit local gate .	We show that this static quantity involves only single-site expectations and two-point correlation functions on the ground state .
+1	The paper develops an operational calculus for integral transforms and functions of $ A $ .	Let $ A $ be the generator of a strongly continuous cosine family $ ( \cos ( tA ) ) _ { t\in { \bf R } } $ on a complex Banach space $ E $ .	Characters of hypergroups which have Laplace representations give rise to bounded operators on $ E $ .	Examples include the Mellin transform and the Mehler -- Fock transform .	The primary example concerns the Laplace operator $ \Delta $ on a complete Riemannian manifold $ { \cal { M } } $ with Ricci curvature bounded below .
+2	Here , we tailor that algorithm to quenches starting from ground states .	A numerical linked-cluster algorithm was recently introduced to study quantum quenches in the thermodynamic limit starting from thermal initial states [ M. Rigol , Phys.Rev.Lett .	112 , 170601 ( 2014 ) ] .	In particular , we study quenches from the ground state of the antiferromagnetic Ising model to the XXZ chain .	Our results for spin correlations are shown to be in excellent agreement with recent analytical calculations based on the quench action method .
+3	Here , by using magnetic neutron scattering , a phase sensitive probe of superconducting gap , we report the observation of a transition from the sign-reversed to sign-preserved Cooper-pairing symmetry with insignificant changes in Tc in the S-doped iron selenide superconductors KxFe2-y ( Se1-zSz ) 2 .	An essential step toward elucidating the mechanism of superconductivity is to determine the sign/phase of superconducting order parameter , as it is closely related to the pairing interaction .	In conventional superconductors , the electron-phonon interaction induces attraction between electrons near the Fermi energy and results in a sign-preserved s-wave pairing .	For high-temperature superconductors , including cuprates and iron-based superconductors , prevalent weak coupling theories suggest that the electron pairing is mediated by spin fluctuations which lead to repulsive interactions , and therefore that a sign-reversed pairing with an s+-or d-wave symmetry is favored .	We show that a rather sharp magnetic resonant mode well below the superconducting gap ( 2delta ) in the undoped sample ( z = 0 ) is replaced by a broad hump structure above 2delta under 50 % S doping .
+3	The energy spectrum with such a degeneracy leads to a quantum canonical partition function which is the same as the classical grand canonical partition function of a primitive Ising droplet nucleation model for 1st-order phase transitions in D-2 spatial dimensions .	Generalizing previous quantum gravity results for Schwarzschild black holes from 4 to D & gt ; 3 space-time dimensions yields an energy spectrum E_n = alpha n^ { ( D-3 ) / ( D-2 ) } E_P , n=1,2 , ... , alpha = O ( 1 ) , where E_P is the Planck energy in that space-time .	This spectrum means that the quantized area A_ { D-2 } ( n ) of the D-2 dimensional horizon has universally the form A_ { D-2 } = n a_ { D-2 } , where a_ { D-2 } is essentially the ( D-2 ) th power of the D-dimensional Planck length .	Assuming that the basic area quantum has a Z ( 2 ) -degeneracy according to its two possible orientation degrees of freedom implies a degeneracy d_n = 2^n for the n-th level .	The analogy to this model suggests that E_n represents the surface energy of a `` droplet '' of n horizon quanta .
+2	Below L* a strong disorder fixed point determines scaling at a pseudo-critical point .	The interplay between disorder , quantum fluctuations and dissipation is studied in the random transverse Ising chain coupled to a dissipative Ohmic bath with a real space renormalization group .	A typically very large length scale , L* , is identified above which the physics of frozen clusters dominates .	In a Griffiths-McCoy region frozen clusters produce already a finite magnetization resulting in a classical low temperature behavior of the susceptibility and specific heat .	These override the confluent singularities that are characterized by a continuously varying exponent z and are visible above a temperature T* ~ L*^ { -z } .
+2	Currently they have to rely on incomplete and time-consuming simulation .	Development of energy and performance-efficient embedded software is increasingly relying on application of complex transformations on the critical parts of the source code .	Designers applying such nontrivial source code transformations are often faced with the problem of ensuring functional equivalence of the original and transformed programs .	Formal automatic verification of the transformed program against the original is instead desirable .	This calls for equivalence checking tools similar to the ones available for comparing digital circuits .
+3	Several convergence proofs have been proposed , and these proofs either impose a `` full column rank '' assumption to the split or assume exact updates in all subproblems .	The split Bregman ( SB ) method [ T. Goldstein and S. Osher , SIAM J .	Imaging Sci. , 2 ( 2009 ) , pp .	323-43 ] is a fast splitting-based algorithm that solves image reconstruction problems with general l1 , e.g. , total-variation ( TV ) and compressed sensing ( CS ) , regularizations by introducing a single variable split to decouple the data-fitting term and the regularization term , yielding simple subproblems that are separable ( or partially separable ) and easy to minimize .	However , these assumptions are impractical in many applications such as the X-ray computed tomography ( CT ) image reconstructions , where the inner least-squares problem usually can not be solved efficiently due to the highly shift-variant Hessian .
+2	The limit of small dissipation , which is the object of the present study , is particularly interesting .	Many problems in Physics are described by dynamical systems that are conformally symplectic ( e.g. , mechanical systems with a friction proportional to the velocity , variational problems with a small discount or thermostated systems ) .	Conformally symplectic systems are characterized by the property that they transform a symplectic form into a multiple of itself .	We provide all details for maps , but we present also the modifications needed to obtain a direct proof for the case of differential equations .	We consider a family of conformally symplectic maps $ f_ { \mu , \epsilon } $ defined on a $ 2d $ -dimensional symplectic manifold $ \mathcal M $ with exact symplectic form $ \Omega $ ; we assume that $ f_ { \mu , \epsilon } $ satisfies $ f_ { \mu , \epsilon } ^*\Omega=\lambda ( \epsilon ) \Omega $ .
+0	Holographic reduced representations ( HRR ) are based on superpositions of convolution-bound $ n $ -tuples , but the $ n $ -tuples can not be regarded as vectors since the formalism is basis dependent .	This is why HRR can not be associated with geometric structures .	Replacing convolutions by geometric products one arrives at reduced representations analogous to HRR but interpretable in terms of geometry .	Variable bindings occurring in both HRR and its geometric analogue mathematically correspond to two different representations of $ Z_2\times ... \times Z_2 $ ( the additive group of binary $ n $ -tuples with addition modulo 2 ) .	As opposed to standard HRR , variable binding performed by means of geometric product allows for computing exact inverses of all nonzero vectors , a procedure even simpler than approximate inverses employed in HRR .
+1	We study the behavior of left retractions with respect to Gorenstein homological properties ( for example , being Gorenstein algebras or CM-free ) .	We associate to a localizable module a left retraction of algebras ; it is a homological ring epimorphism that preserves singularity categories .	We apply the results to Nakayama algebras .	It turns out that for a connected Nakayama algebra $ A $ , there exists a connected self-injective Nakayama algebra $ A ' $ such that there is a sequence of left retractions linking $ A $ to $ A ' $ ; in particular , the singularity category of $ A $ is triangle equivalent to the stable category of $ A ' $ .	We classify connected Nakayama algebras with at most three simple modules according to Gorenstein homological properties .
+0	Orcus is an intermediate-size 1000km-scale Kuiper Belt Object in 3:2 mean-motion resonance with Neptune , in an orbit very similar to that of Pluto .	We present visible and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy obtained with the Keck 10m-telescope and the Gemini 8m-telescope .	We confirm the unambiguous detection of crystalline water ice as well as absorption in the 2.2\mu m region .	Both in the visible and near-infrared Orcus ' spectral properties appear to be homogeneous over time ( and probably rotation ) at the resolution available .	From Hapke radiative transfer models involving intimate mixtures of various ices we find for the first time that ammonium ( NH+4 ) and traces of ethane ( C2 H6 ) , which are most probably solar irradiation products of ammonia and methane , and a mixture of methane and ammonia ( diluted or not ) are the best candidates to improve the description of the data with respect to a simple water ice mixture ( Haumea type surface ) .
+0	A simple collision model is employed to introduce elementary concepts of open system dynamics of quantum systems .	In particular , within the framework of collision models we introduce the quantum analogue of thermalization process called quantum homogenization and simulate quantum decoherence processes .	These dynamics are driven by partial swaps and controlled unitary collisions , respectively .	We show that collision models can be used to prepare multipartite entangled states .	Partial swap dynamics generates W-type of entanglement saturating the CKW inequalities , whereas the decoherence collision models creates GHZ-type of entangled states .
+4	The HDO fundamental line profiles show a very broad component , tracing the molecular outflows , in addition to a narrower emission component and a narrow absorbing component .	Aims .	The aim of this paper is to study deuterated water in the solar-type protostars NGC1333 IRAS4A and IRAS4B , to compare their HDO abundance distribution with other star-forming regions , and to constrain their HDO/H2O ratios.Methods .	Using the Herschel/HIFI instrument as well as ground-based telescopes , we observed several HDO lines covering a large excitation range ( Eup/k=22-168 K ) towards these protostars and an outflow position .	Non-LTE radiative transfer codes were then used to determine the HDO abundance profiles in these sources.Results .
+0	Quantum phase fluctuations play a crucial role in low dimensional systems .	In particular they prevent true long range phase order from forming in one dimensional condensates , even at zero temperature .	Nevertheless , by dynamically splitting the condensate into two parallel decoupled tubes , a macroscopic relative phase , can be imposed on the system .	This kind of setup can serve as a matter wave interferometer , which relies on the interference between the displaced condensates as a measure of the relative phase between them .	Here we show how the quantum phase fluctuations , which are so effective in equilibrium , act to destroy the macroscopic relative phase that was imposed as a non equilibrium initial condition of the interferometer .
+3	We prove that a belief propagation ( BP ) algorithm converges asymptotically to the optimal solution .	In a complete bipartite graph with vertex sets of cardinalities $ n $ and $ m $ , assign random weights from exponential distribution with mean 1 , independently to each edge .	We show that , as $ n\rightarrow\infty $ , with $ m = \lceil n/\alpha\rceil $ for any fixed $ \alpha & gt ; 1 $ , the minimum weight of many-to-one matchings converges to a constant ( depending on $ \alpha $ ) .	Many-to-one matching arises as an optimization step in an algorithm for genome sequencing and as a measure of distance between finite sets .	We use the objective method of Aldous to prove our results .
+3	These algorithms run multiple rounds of random initialization followed by arbitrary optimization steps .	We study non-convex empirical risk minimization for learning halfspaces and neural networks .	For loss functions that are $ L $ -Lipschitz continuous , we present algorithms to learn halfspaces and multi-layer neural networks that achieve arbitrarily small excess risk $ \epsilon & gt ; 0 $ .	The time complexity is polynomial in the input dimension $ d $ and the sample size $ n $ , but exponential in the quantity $ ( L/\epsilon^2 ) \log ( L/\epsilon ) $ .	We further show that if the data is separable by some neural network with constant margin $ \gamma & gt ; 0 $ , then there is a polynomial-time algorithm for learning a neural network that separates the training data with margin $ \Omega ( \gamma ) $ .
+3	Having the sound speed eventually reach unity permits matching conventional cosmological constant observations in the aftermath of change of slope of a soliton anti soliton pair during the nucleation process of a new universe .	We previously showed that we can use particle-anti particle pairs as a model of how nucleation of a new universe occurs .	We now can construct a model showing evolution from a dark matter- dark energy mix to a pure cosmological constant cosmology due to changes in the slope of the resulting scalar field , using much of Scherrer 's k-essence model .	This same construction permits a use of the speed of sound , in k essence models , evolving from zero to one .	This also assumes that Scherrer 's derivation of a sound speed being zero is appropriate during initial inflationary cosmology .
+0	The anomalous effective action describing the coupling of gravity to a non-abelian gauge theory can be determined by a variational solution of the anomaly equation , as shown by Riegert long ago .	It is given by a nonlocal expression , with the nonlocal interaction determined by the Green 's function of a conformally covariant operator of fourth order .	In recent works it has been shown that this interaction is mediated by a simple pole in an expansion around a Minkowski background , coupled in the infrared in the massless fermion limit .	This result relies on the local formulation of the original action in terms of two auxiliary fields , one physical scalar and one ghost , which take the role of massless composite degrees of freedom .	In the gravity case , the two scalars have provided ground in favour of some recent proposals of an infrared approach to the solution of the dark energy problem , entirely based on the behaviour of the vacuum energy at the QCD phase transition .
+1	Our near-infrared H2 1-0 S ( 1 ) line observations reveal various shock-excited features which are part of several bipolar outflows .	We present a multi-wavelength study of the region towards the GM 2-4 nebula and the nearby source IRAS 05373+2340 .	We identify candidates for the driving sources of the outflows from a comparison of the multi-waveband archival data-sets and SED modelling .	The SED spectral slope ( \alpha ( IRAC ) ) for all the protostars in the field was then compared with the visual extinction map .	This comparison suggests that star formation is progressing from NE to SW across this region .
+0	We analyse the structures of all the clusters in the DAFT/FADA survey for which XMM-Newton and/or a sufficient number of galaxy redshifts in the cluster range is available , with the aim of detecting substructures and evidence for merging events .	These properties are discussed in the framework of standard cold dark matter cosmology.XMM-Newton data were available for 32 clusters , for which we derive the X-ray luminosity and a global X-ray temperature for 25 of them .	For 23 clusters we were able to fit the X-ray emissivity with a beta-model and subtract it to detect substructures in the X-ray gas .	A dynamical analysis based on the SG method was applied to the clusters having at least 15 spectroscopic galaxy redshifts in the cluster range : 18 X-ray clusters and 11 clusters with no X-ray data .	Only major substructures will be detected .
+4	In the Hot Core , we find that ammonia is roughly a factor of 2 more fractionated than water .	We present a comprehensive study of the deuterated molecules detected in the fullband HIFI survey of the Orion KL region .	Ammonia , formaldehyde , and methanol and their singly deuterated isotopologues are each detected through numerous transitions in this survey with a wide range in optical depths and excitation conditions .	In conjunction with a recent study of the abundance of HDO and H $ _2 $ O in Orion KL , this study yields the best constraints on deuterium fractionation in an interstellar molecular cloud to date .	As previous studies have found , both the Hot Core and Compact Ridge regions within Orion KL contain significant abundances of deuterated molecules , suggesting an origin in cold grain mantles .
+2	The procedure combines computer simulations of polymer chains on two different length scales , using a united atom representation for the finer structure and a highly coarse-grained approach on the meso-scale , where chains are represented as soft colloidal particles interacting through an effective potential .	Obtaining a rigorous and reliable method for linking computer simulations of polymer blends and composites at different length scales of interest is a highly desirable goal in soft matter physics .	In this paper a multiscale modeling procedure is presented for the efficient calculation of the static structural properties of binary homopolymer blends .	A method for combining the structural information by inverse mapping is discussed , allowing for the efficient calculation of partial correlation functions , which are compared with results from full united atom simulations .	The structure of several polymer mixtures is obtained in an efficient manner for several mixtures in the homogeneous region of the phase diagram .
+0	The distribution of various interstellar gas components and the pressure in the interstellar medium ( ISM ) is a result of the interplay of different dynamical mechanisms and energy sources on the gas in the Milky Way .	The scale heights of the different gas tracers , such as HI and CO , are a measure of these processes .	The scale height of [ CII ] emission in the Galactic plane is important for understanding those ISM components not traced by CO or HI .	We determine the average distribution of [ CII ] perpendicular to the plane in the inner Galactic disk and compare it to the distributions of other key gas tracers , such as CO and HI .	We calculated the vertical , z , distribution of [ CII ] in the inner Galactic disk by adopting a model for the emission that combines the latitudinal , b , spectrally unresolved BICE survey , with the spectrally resolved $ Herschel $ Galactic plane survey of [ CII ] at b = 0 deg .
+1	We show that the fluid thixotropy ( or aging ) induces an increase with time of both the apparent yield stress and shear-thinning properties but also a breaking of the flow fore-aft symmetry predicted in Hershel-Bulkley fluids ( yield-stress , shear-thinning fluids with no thixotropy ) .	We have studied the flow induced by a macroscopic spherical particle settling in a Laponite suspension that exhibits a yield-stress , thixotropy and shear-thinning .	We have also varied the stress exerted by the particles on the fluid by using particles of different densities .	Although the stresses exerted by the particles are of the same order of magnitude , the velocity field presents utterly different features : whereas the flow around the lighter particle shows a confinement similar to the one observed in shear-thinning fluids , the wake of the heavier particle is characterized by an upward motion of the fluid ( `` negative wake '' ) , whatever the fluid 's age .	We compare the features of this negative wake to the one observed in viscoelastic shear-thinning fluids ( polymeric or micelle solutions ) .
+3	The ellipse and the hyperbola are seldom perfect , and the FCD textures also suffer large transformations ( in shape or/and in nature ) when approaching the transition to the nematic phase , or appear imperfect on cooling from the nematic phase .	It is usual to think of Focal Conic Domains ( FCD ) as perfect geometric constructions in which the layers are folded into Dupin cyclides , about an ellipse and a hyperbola that are conjugate .	This ideal picture is often far from reality .	We have investigated in detail the FCDs in several materials which have a transition from a smectic A ( SmA ) to a nematic phase .	We interpret these imperfections as due to the interaction of FCDs with dislocations .
+0	Motivated by the geometrical interpretation of Brans-Dicke ( BD ) scalar field which may also act as a torsion potential in Lyra geometry , we study the effects of spacetime torsion on the dynamics of a collapsing massive star .	Taking the interior spacetime as the FLRW metric and the matter content as spherically symmetric , homogeneous perfect fluid with the equation of state ( EoS ) $ p=w\rho $ , we show that the collapse ends in a spacetime singularity which is of the strong curvature type in the sense of Tipler .	Whether the trapped surfaces form during the dynamical evolution of the collapse depends on the torsion parameter , related to the BD coupling parameter , and the EoS subject to the conditions on physical reasonableness of the collapse configuration .	Hence , the space of torsion and EoS parameters is divided into two portions , one for which the collapse process leads to the formation of apparent horizon and the other for which the apparent horizon is failed to form in the interior region .	The nature of the singularity is examined from the exterior perspective , by searching for the existence of radial null geodesics reaching the faraway observers .
+4	The kinematic distributions of the final data sample are also presented .	SciBooNE is a neutrino experiment measuring the neutrino cross sections on carbon in the one GeV region .	We have performed a search for charged current coherent pion production from muon neutrinos scattering on carbon , \nu_\mu 12^C \to \mu 12^C \pi^+ .	No evidence for coherent pion production is observed .	We set 90 % confidence level upper limits on the cross section ratio of charged current coherent pion production to the total charged current cross section at 0.67\times 10^ { -2 } at mean neutrino energy 1.1 GeV and 1.36 \times 10^ { -2 } at mean neutrino energy 2.2 GeV .
+0	We use the usual method of Schwarzschild to construct self-consistent solutions for the triaxial de Zeeuw & amp ; Carollo ( 1996 ) models with central density cusps .	ZC96 models are triaxial generalisations of spherical $ \gamma $ -models of Dehnen whose densities vary as $ r^ { -\gamma } $ near the center and $ r^ { -4 } $ at large radii and hence , possess a central density core for $ \gamma=0 $ and cusps for $ \gamma & gt ; 0 $ .	We consider four triaxial models from ZC96 , two prolate triaxials : $ ( p , q ) = ( 0.65 , 0.60 ) $ with $ \gamma = 1.0 $ and 1.5 , and two oblate triaxials : $ ( p , q ) = ( 0.95 , 0.60 ) $ with $ \gamma = 1.0 $ and 1.5 .	We compute 4500 orbits in each model for time periods of $ 10^ { 5 } T_ { D } $ .	We find that a large fraction of the orbits in each model are stochastic by means of their nonzero Liapunov exponents .
+1	A twistorial approach is partly implemented by the method of Riemann-Hilbert problem .	The dispersionless KP and Toda hierarchies possess an underlying twistorial structure .	This is however still short of clarifying geometric ingredients of twistor theory , such as twistor lines and twistor surfaces .	A more geometric approach can be developed in a Hamilton-Jacobi formalism of Gibbons and Kodama .	AMS Subject Classifiation ( 1991 ) : 35Q20 , 58F07,70H99
+4	Here we prove that a known tight lower bound on the min entropy in terms of the CHSH Bell correlator , which has featured in a number of entanglement-based DI QKD security proofs , also holds in a prepare-and-measure setting , subject only to the assumption that the source is limited to a two-dimensional Hilbert space .	The security of device-independent ( DI ) quantum key distribution ( QKD ) protocols relies on the violation of Bell inequalities .	As such , their security can be established based on minimal assumptions about the devices , but their implementation necessarily requires the distribution of entangled states .	In a setting with fully trusted devices , any entanglement-based protocol is essentially equivalent to a corresponding prepare-and-measure protocol .	This correspondence , however , is not generally valid in the DI setting unless one makes extra assumptions about the devices .
+4	We conclude that a significant new population of high-redshift galaxies could be detected by the Space Infrared Telescope Facility ( SIRTF ) and Next Generation Space Telescope ( NGST ) .	Deep mid-infrared ( MIR ) observations could reveal a population of faint , high-redshift ( z & gt ; 3 ) dusty starburst galaxies that are the progenitors of present-day spheroids or bulges , and are beyond the reach of current instruments .	We utilize a semi-analytic galaxy formation scheme to find an extreme model for the MIR galaxy counts , designed to maximize the number of detectable sources down to a flux level of a few nJy .	The model incorporates the formation of heavily dust-enshrouded stellar populations at high redshift , and is consistent with existing observations , including faint counts at 1.6um in the NICMOS Hubble Deep Field , and the upper limit on the extragalactic MIR background from TeV gamma rays .	Our models predict upto 0.5 galaxies/sq.arcsec at the threshold of 100 nJy at 6um , with a comparable or larger surface density at longer MIR wavelengths .
+3	In this paper , taking into account the factor of attack cost , we will revisit the problem of network security and search for efficient network defense against the cost-based attacks .	It has been known that heterogeneous networks are vulnerable to the intentional removal of a small fraction of highly connected or loaded nodes , which implies that , to protect a network effectively , a few important nodes should be allocated with more defense resources than the others .	However , if too many resources are allocated to the few important nodes , the numerous less-important nodes will be less protected , which , when attacked all together , still capable of causing a devastating damage .	A natural question therefore is how to efficiently distribute the limited defense resources among the network nodes such that the network damage is minimized whatever attack strategy the attacker may take .	The study shows that , for a general complex network , there will exist an optimal distribution of the defense resources , with which the network is well protected from cost-based attacks .
+4	In an $ x $ = 0.25 sample , which is superconducting below $ T_c $ = 1.3 K , there is no sign of `` spin freezing '' ( static Nd $ ^ { 3+ } $ magnetism ) , ordered or disordered , down to 25 mK .	Muon spin rotation and relaxation ( $ \mu $ SR ) experiments have been carried out to characterize magnetic and superconducting ground states in the Pr $ _ { 1-x } $ Nd $ _x $ Os $ _4 $ Sb $ _ { 12 } $ alloy series .	In the ferromagnetic end compound NdOs $ _4 $ Sb $ _ { 12 } $ the spontaneous local field at positive-muon ( $ \mu^+ $ ) sites below the ordering temperature $ T_C $ is greater than expected from dipolar coupling to ferromagnetically aligned Nd $ ^ { 3+ } $ moments , indicating an additional indirect RKKY-like transferred hyperfine mechanism .	For 0.45 $ \le x \le $ 0.75 , $ \mu^+ $ spin relaxation rates in zero and weak longitudinal applied fields indicate that static fields at $ \mu^+ $ sites below $ T_C $ are reduced and strongly disordered .	We argue this is unlikely to be due to reduction of Nd $ ^ { 3+ } $ moments , and speculate that the Nd $ ^ { 3+ } $ - $ \mu^+ $ interaction is suppressed and disordered by Pr doping .
+0	In almost all of the currently working circuits , especially in analog circuits implementing signal processing applications , basic arithmetic operations such as multiplication , addition , subtraction and division are performed on values which are represented by voltages or currents .	However , in this paper , we propose a new and simple method for performing analog arithmetic operations which in this scheme , signals are represented and stored through a memristance of the newly found circuit element , i.e.memristor , instead of voltage or current .	Some of these operators such as divider and multiplier are much simpler and faster than their equivalent voltage-based circuits and they require less chip area .	In addition , a new circuit is designed for programming the memristance of the memristor with predetermined analog value .	Presented simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed circuits .
+0	This paper is the result of the International Cometary Workshop , held in Toulouse , France in April 2014 , where the participants came together to assess our knowledge of comets prior to the ESA Rosetta Mission .	In this paper , we look at the composition of the gas and dust from the comae of comets .	With the gas , we cover the various taxonomic studies that have broken comets into groups and compare what is seen at all wavelengths .	We also discuss what has been learned from mass spectrometers during flybys .	A few caveats for our interpretation are discussed .
+1	We investigate the underpinnings of this approach , and suggest new ways to compute correlation functions of cosmological observables .	Effective field theory provides a perturbative framework to study the evolution of cosmological large-scale structure .	We find that , in contrast with quantum field theory , the appropriate effective theory of classical cosmological perturbations involves interactions that are nonlocal in time .	We describe an alternative to the usual approach of smoothing the perturbations , based on a path-integral formulation of the renormalization group equations .	This technique allows for improved handling of short-distance modes that are perturbatively generated by long-distance interactions .
+4	HERD is mainly composed of a 3-D calorimeter ( CALO ) surrounded by silicon trackers ( TK ) from all five sides except the bottom .	The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection ( HERD ) facility onboard China 's Space Station is planned for operation starting around 2020 for about 10 years .	It is designed as a next generation space facility focused on indirect dark matter search , precise cosmic ray spectrum and composition measurements up to the knee energy , and high energy gamma-ray monitoring and survey .	The calorimeter plays an essential role in the main scientific objectives of HERD .	A 3-D cubic calorimeter filled with high granularity crystals as active material is a very promising choice for the calorimeter .
+3	In particular the authors claim that their ontology explains the peaceful coexistence between quantum mechanics and relativity in spin polarization correlation experiments .	A new quantum ontology of quantum mechanics has been proposed recently .	This ontology is based on impossible to realize measurements which need to be performed repeatedly on the same single physical system or on the same pair of physical systems .	We agree that quantum mechanics is a contextual theory and that the experimental contexts have to be a part of any description of quantum phenomena but in our opinion this new ontology is neither convincing nor useful .	We show that , contrary to their claim , the authors are unable to explain why strong correlations , between the outcomes of distant local measurements , do exist and why they preserve a condition of parameter independence ( non-signaling ) .
+2	To this end , we derive the expressions for the important parameters in MSSM inflation using the loop corrected potential .	We propose a model of inflation driven by minimal extension of SUSY , commonly known as MSSM .	Starting from gauge invariant flat directions in the n = 4 level comprising of QQQL , QuQd , QuLe and uude , we construct the inflaton potential and employ it to investigate for its consequences around the saddle point arising from the non-vanishing fourth derivative of the original potential .	We further estimate the observable parameters and find them to fit well with recent observational data from WMAP7 by using the code CAMB .	We also explore the possibility of primordial black hole formation from our model .
+1	We show that in their simplest form , these models always predict , for each generation , the lightest neutrino to be an SU ( 2 ) _L singlet , as well as two extra neutrinos with masses of the order of the up-quark mass .	The neutral fermion sectors of E_6-inspired low energy models , in particular the Alternative Left-Right and Inert models , are considered in detail within the non-supersymmetric scenario .	In order to recover Standard Model phenomenology , additional assumptions in the form of discrete symmetries and/or new interactions are needed .	These are classified as the Discrete Symmetry ( DS ) , Higher Dimensional Operators ( HDO ) , and Additional Neutral Fermion ( ANF ) methods .	The DS method can solve the problem , but requires additional Higgs doublets that do not get vacuum expectation values .
+4	Given this decoding , an equilibrium or `` Nash code '' results if the sender encodes every state as prescribed .	This paper studies the stability of communication protocols that deal with transmission errors .	We consider a coordination game between an informed sender and an uninformed decision maker , the receiver , who communicate over a noisy channel .	The sender 's strategy , called a code , maps states of nature to signals .	The receiver 's best response is to decode the received channel output as the state with highest expected receiver payoff .
+2	It is packaged as Matlab toolbox to allow easy development of complex CA client applications entirely in Matlab .	This paper reports on Matlab Channel Access ( MCA ) Toolbox Matlab [ 1 ] interface to Epics Channel Access ( CA ) client library .	We are developing the toolbox for SPEAR3 accelerator controls but it is of general use for accelerator and experimental physics applications programming .	The benefits include : the ability to calculate and display parameters that use Epics process variables as inputs , availability of Matlab graphics tools for user interface design , and integration with Matlab-based accelerator modeling tool Matlab Accelerator Toolbox .	Another purpose of this paper is to propose a feasible path to a synergy between accelerator control systems and accelerator simulation codes , the idea also known as on-line accelerator model .
+4	These observations suggest that there is a wide range of time scales of interruption of jet activity in active galaxies .	We present radio continuum observations at frequencies ranging from $ \sim $ 150 to 5000 MHz of the misaligned double-double radio galaxy , DDRG , 3C293 ( J1352+3126 ) using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope ( GMRT ) and the Very Large Array ( VLA ) .	The spectra of the outer lobes and the central source are consistent with being straight , indicating spectral ages of $ \lapp17- $ 23 Myr for the outer lobes , and $ \lapp $ 0.1 Myr for the central source .	The north-western lobe has a prominent hotspot suggesting that the interruption of jet activity is $ \lapp $ 0.1 Myr , consistent with the age of the inner double .	The time scale of interruption of jet activity appears significantly smaller than observed in most other DDRGs which are often associated with giant radio sources .
+0	A theoretical approach for characterising the influence of asymmetry of noise distribution on the escape rate of a multi-stable system is presented .	This was carried out via the estimation of an action , which is defined as an exponential factor in the escape rate , and discussed in the context of full counting statistics paradigm .	The approach takes into account all cumulants of the noise distribution and demonstrates an excellent agreement with the results of numerical simulations .	An approximation of the third order cumulant was shown to have limitations on the range of dynamic stochastic system parameters .	The applicability of the theoretical approaches developed so far is discussed for an adequate characterisation of the escape rate measured in experiments .
+3	We analyse this issue in detail for the bosonic theory and further for the supersymmetric theory on the $ C^2/Z_2 $ orbifold .	In this paper we study the phenomenon of UV/IR mixing in noncommutative field theories from the point of view of world-sheet open-closed duality in string theory .	New infrared divergences in noncommutative field theories arise as a result of integrating over high momentum modes in the loops .	These are believed to come from integrating out additional bulk closed string modes .	We elucidate on the exact role played by the constant background $ B $ -field in this correspondence .
+4	\ ] We show that generalised solutions to \eqref { 1 } can be characterised in terms of \eqref { 2 } via a set of designated affine variations .	Let $ u : \Omega \subseteq \mathbb { R } ^n \longrightarrow \mathbb { R } ^N $ be a smooth map and $ n , N \in \mathbb { N } $ .	The $ \infty $ -Laplacian is the PDE system \ [ \tag { 1 } \label { 1 } \Delta_\infty u \ , : =\ , \Big ( Du \otimes Du + |Du|^2 [ Du ] ^\bot\ !	\otimes I\Big ) : D^2u\ , =\ , 0 , \ ] where $ [ Du ] ^\bot : = \text { Proj } _ { R ( Du ) ^\bot } $ .	\eqref { 1 } constitutes the fundamental equation of vectorial Calculus of Variations in $ L^\infty $ , associated to the model functional \ [ \tag { 2 } \label { 2 } E_\infty ( u , \Omega ' ) \ , =\ , \big\| |Du|^2\big\|_ { L^\infty ( \Omega ' ) } , \ \ \ \Omega ' \Subset \Omega .
+4	Far-off-resonance optical potentials lend themselves particularly well to reservoir engineering via well controlled fluctuations in the potential , making the atom/lattice system attractive for the study of decoherence and the connection between classical and quantum physics .	We study the means to prepare and coherently manipulate atomic wave packets in optical lattices , with particular emphasis on alkali atoms in the far-detuned limit .	We derive a general , basis independent expression for the lattice operator , and show that its off-diagonal elements can be tailored to couple the vibrational manifolds of separate magnetic sublevels .	Using these couplings one can evolve the state of a trapped atom in a quantum coherent fashion , and prepare pure quantum states by resolved-sideband Raman cooling .	We explore the use of atoms bound in optical lattices to study quantum tunneling and the generation of macroscopic superposition states in a double-well potential .
+4	In particular , the natural map on the level of the corresponding spectra $ \Gamma_A\rightarrow\Gamma_B $ , $ \chi\mapsto\chi_ { \mid B } $ is surjective .	A dynamical system is a triple $ ( A , G , \alpha ) $ , consisting of a unital locally convex algebra $ A $ , a topological group $ G $ and a group homomorphism $ \alpha : G\rightarrow\Aut ( A ) $ , which induces a continuous action of $ G $ on $ A $ .	Further , a unital locally convex algebra $ A $ is called continuous inverse algebra , or CIA for short , if its group of units $ A^ { \times } $ is open in $ A $ and the inversion $ \iota : A^ { \times } \rightarrow A^ { \times } , \ , \ , \ , a\mapsto a^ { -1 } $ is continuous at $ 1_A $ .	For a compact manifold $ M $ , the Fr\'echet algebra of smooth functions $ C^ { \infty } ( M ) $ is the prototype of such a continuous inverse algebra .	We show that if $ A $ is a complete commutative CIA , $ G $ a compact group and $ ( A , G , \alpha ) $ a dynamical system , then each character of $ B : =A^G $ can be extended to a character of $ A $ .
+4	We study variational symmetries and derive an appropriate version of N\ '' other 's theorem .	We propose the use of algebras of generalized functions for the analysis of certain highly singular problems in the calculus of variations .	After a general study of extremal problems on open subsets of Euclidean space in this setting we introduce the first and second variation of a variational problem .	We then derive necessary ( Euler-Lagrange equations ) and sufficient conditions for extremals .	The concept of association is used to obtain connections to a distributional description of singular variational problems .
+0	We consider cosmological dynamics in generalized modified gravity theory with the $ R\Box R $ term added to the action of the form $ R+R^N $ .	Influence of $ R \Box R $ term to the known solutions of modified gravity is described .	We show that in particular case of $ N=3 $ these two non-Einstein terms are equally important on power-law solutions .	These solutions and their stability have been studied using dynamical system approach .	Some results for the case of $ N \ne 3 $ ( including stability of de Sitter solution in the theory under investigation ) have been found using other methods .
+2	The use of this propulsion concept for orbital maneuver , Earth-to-orbit , interplanetary , and interstellar applications based on presently available experimental results and theory is considered , and areas for future research needed to better characterize this phenomenon are discussed .	This paper analyzes the suitability of a beamed propulsion concept having properties consistent with the impulse gravity generator described by Podkletnov et al .	[ physics/0108005 ] .	A beam of radiation or particles with the properties described for the impulse gravity generator would appear to be an excellent candidate for use in beamed spacecraft propulsion .	Besides the usual benefits of beamed propulsion , it would not need sails or other special spacecraft components to function , could safely provide high accelerations to delicate components , and might operate at higher efficiencies than other beamed propulsion concepts .
+3	Theoretical analysis that combines various mean-field cal- culations and computer simulations suggests that dynamic properties of molecular motors strongly depend on interactions , and correlations are stronger for interacting motor proteins .	Biological transport is supported by collective dynamics of enzymatic molecules that are called motor proteins or molecular motors .	Experiments suggest that motor proteins interact locally via short-range potentials .	We investigate the fundamental role of these interactions by analyzing a new class of totally asymmetric exclusion processes where interactions are accounted for in a thermodynamically consistent fashion .	Surprisingly , it is found that there is an optimal strength of interactions ( weak repulsion ) that leads to a maxi- mal particle flux .
+2	Path equations in such geometries give rise to spin-gravity interaction .	In the present work , it is shown that the geometerization philosophy has not been exhausted .	Some quantum roots are already built in non-symmetric geometries .	Some experimental evidences ( the results of the COW-experiment ) indicate the existence of this interaction .	It is shown that the new quantum path equations could account for the results of the COW-experiment .
+4	The three-body potential vanishes in the former case while in two latter cases it is positive i.e.repulsive and makes sense only if the constraint for stable baryonic state is satisfied .	This is an extensive work to our previous paper \cite { key-08 } studied on the D0-D4/D8 holographic system .	We compute the three-body force for baryons with the D0-D4/D8 matrix model derived in \cite { key-08 } with considering the non-zero QCD vacuum .	We obtain the three-body force at short distances but modified by the appearance of the smeared D0-branes i.e.considering the effects from the non-trivial QCD vacuum .	We firstly test our matrix model in the case of 't Hooft instanton and then in two more realistic case : ( 1 ) three-neutrons with averaged spins and ( 2 ) proton-proton-neutron ( or proton-neutron-proton ) .
+3	On the basis of this formula , we predict the power spectrum of galaxies and quasars on the light cone for future redshift surveys taking account of the selection function properly .	We examine observational consequences of the cosmological light-cone effect on the power spectrum of the distribution of galaxies and quasars from upcoming redshift surveys .	First we derive an expression for the power spectrum of cosmological objects in real space on a light cone , $ P^ { \rm LC } _ { \rm R , lin } ( k ) $ , which is exact in linear theory of density perturbations .	Next we incorporate corrections for the nonlinear density evolution and redshift-space distortion in the formula in a phenomenological manner which is consistent with recent numerical simulations .	We demonstrate that this formula provides a reliable and useful method to compute the power spectrum on the light cone given an evolution model of bias .
+1	We find a phenomenon in which the quark KK mode with the KK number n=1 decays while other KK modes are stable .	We study the stability of Kaluza-Klein ( KK ) modes in five-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric QCD compactified on S^1 using the D3-brane probe realization .	This is contrary to the ordinary assumption that the state with n=1 is the most stable in quark KK modes .	In addition , we show that a massive gauge singlet state carrying the KK number exists stably .	This provides a proper candidate for dark matter .
+0	The infinite time-evolving block decimation ( iTEBD ) algorithm [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	98 , 070201 ( 2007 ) ] allows to simulate unitary evolution and to compute the ground state of one-dimensional quantum lattice systems in the thermodynamic limit .	Here we extend the algorithm to tackle a much broader class of problems , namely the simulation of arbitrary one-dimensional evolution operators that can be expressed as a ( translationally invariant ) tensor network .	Relatedly , we also address the problem of finding the dominant eigenvalue and eigenvector of a one-dimensional transfer matrix that can be expressed in the same way .	New applications include the simulation , in the thermodynamic limit , of open ( i.e.master equation ) dynamics and thermal states in 1D quantum systems , as well as calculations with partition functions in 2D classical systems , on which we elaborate .
+4	With help of these results we derive the unquenched $ k $ -point correlation function of the Hermitian and then non-Hermitian Wilson random matrix in terms of two flavour partition functions only .	The unitary Wilson random matrix theory is an interpolation between the chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble and the Gaussian unitary ensemble .	This new way of interpolation is also reflected in the orthogonal polynomials corresponding to such a random matrix ensemble .	Although the chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble as well as the Gaussian unitary ensemble are associated to the Dyson index $ \beta=2 $ the intermediate ensembles exhibit a mixing of orthogonal polynomials and skew-orthogonal polynomials .	We consider the Hermitian as well as the non-Hermitian Wilson random matrix and derive the corresponding polynomials , their recursion relations , Christoffel-Darboux-like formulas , Rodrigues formulas and representations as random matrix averages in a unifying way .
+4	( ii ) We then turn to `` multi-Weyl graviton '' theories .	In this paper , two things are done .	( i ) Using cohomological techniques , we explore the consistent deformations of linearized conformal gravity in 4 dimensions .	We show that the only possibility involving no more than 4 derivatives of the metric ( i.e. , terms of the form $ \partial^4 g_ { \mu \nu } $ , $ \partial^3 g_ { \mu \nu } \partial g_ { \alpha \beta } $ , $ \partial^2 g_ { \mu \nu } \partial^2g_ { \alpha \beta } $ , $ \partial^2 g_ { \mu \nu } \partial g_ { \alpha \beta } \partial g_ { \rho \sigma } $ or $ \partial g_ { \mu \nu } \partial g_ { \alpha \beta } \partial g_ { \rho \sigma } \partial g_ { \gamma \delta } $ with coefficients that involve undifferentiated metric components - or terms with less derivatives ) is given by the Weyl action $ \int d^4x \sqrt { -g } W_ { \a\b\g\d } W^ { \a\b\g\d } $ , in much the same way as the Einstein-Hilbert action describes the only consistent manner to make a Pauli-Fierz massless spin-2 field self-interact with no more than 2 derivatives .	No a priori requirement of invariance under diffeomorphisms is imposed : this follows automatically from consistency .
+3	We show that existence of a { \em conflict-free allocation } is a necessary condition for the Nash equilibria ( NE ) and also sufficient for the symmetric NE in this game .	Much work has been done on the computation of market equilibria .	However due to strategic play by buyers , it is not clear whether these are actually observed in the market .	Motivated by the observation that a buyer may derive a better payoff by feigning a different utility function and thereby manipulating the Fisher market equilibrium , we formulate the { \em Fisher market game } in which buyers strategize by posing different utility functions .	There are many NE with very different payoffs , and the Fisher equilibrium payoff is captured at a symmetric NE .
+1	Fabricated devices support whispering gallery optical modes with a quality factor ( Q ) of 10^6 , and radial breathing mechanical modes with a Q=10^4 and a resonance frequency of 625 MHz , so that the system is in the resolved sideband regime .	We demonstrate optomechanically-mediated electromagnetically-induced transparency and wavelength conversion in silicon nitride ( Si3N4 ) microdisk resonators .	Placing a strong optical control field on the red ( blue ) detuned sideband of the optical mode produces coherent interference with a resonant probe beam , inducing a transparency ( absorption ) window for the probe .	This is observed for multiple optical modes of the device , all of which couple to the same mechanical mode , and which can be widely separated in wavelength due to the large bandgap of Si3N4 .	These properties are exploited to demonstrate frequency upconversion and downconversion of optical signals between the 1300 nm and 980 nm bands with a frequency span of 69.4 THz .
+1	It involves all parts of the molecule and is particularly important in glassy systems because of its very close relationship with the $ \alpha $ -relaxation process .	A universal secondary relaxation process , known as the Johari-Goldstein ( JG ) $ \beta $ -relaxation process , appears in glass formers .	However , the absence of a J-G $ \beta $ -relaxation mode in colloidal glasses raises questions regarding its universality .	In the present work , we study the microscopic relaxation processes in Laponite suspensions , a model soft glassy material , by dynamic light scattering ( DLS ) experiments .	$ \alpha $ and $ \beta $ -relaxation timescales are estimated from the autocorrelation functions obtained by DLS measurements for Laponite suspensions with different concentrations , salt concentrations and temperatures .
+3	It is possible that inertial interaction leads to the redshifts of quasars , the rotation curve of spiral galaxy , the accelerating expansion of the universe , and the stronger gravitational lens effects of quasars , galaxies , or clusters of galaxies .	Proposed in this paper is a possible interaction which exists in nature - inertial interaction .	It gives matter an inertia and inertial mass .	The formula of inertial mass has been derived .	Einstein 's Gravitational Equation has been modified .
+1	Of particular interest is angle recovery in the presence of many outlier measurements that are uniformly distributed in $ [ 0,2\pi ) $ and carry no information on the true offsets .	The angular synchronization problem is to obtain an accurate estimation ( up to a constant additive phase ) for a set of unknown angles $ \theta_1 , ... , \theta_n $ from $ m $ noisy measurements of their offsets $ \theta_i-\theta_j \mod 2\pi $ .	We introduce an efficient recovery algorithm for the unknown angles from the top eigenvector of a specially designed Hermitian matrix .	The eigenvector method is extremely stable and succeeds even when the number of outliers is exceedingly large .	For example , we successfully estimate $ n=400 $ angles from a full set of $ m= { 400 \choose 2 } $ offset measurements of which 90 % are outliers in less than a second on a commercial laptop .
+2	This property can be traced back to the appearance of arbitrary functions in the Lagrangian formulation of the real homogeneous Monge-Amp\`ere equation which is degenerate and requires use of Dirac 's theory of constraints for its Hamiltonian formulation .	The real homogeneous Monge-Amp\` { e } re equation in one space and one time dimensions admits infinitely many Hamiltonian operators and is completely integrable by Magri 's theorem .	This remarkable property holds in arbitrary number of dimensions as well , so that among all integrable nonlinear evolution equations the real homogeneous Monge-Amp\` { e } re equation is distinguished as one that retains its character as an integrable system in multi-dimensions .	As in the case of most completely integrable systems the constraints are second class and Dirac brackets directly yield the Hamiltonian operators .	The simplest Hamiltonian operator results in the Kac-Moody algebra of vector fields and functions on the unit circle .
+0	The possibility of producing non-perturbative low-scale gravity states in collider experiments was first discussed in about 1998 .	The ATLAS and CMS experiments have searched for non-perturbative low-scale gravity states using the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) with a proton -- proton centre of mass energy of 8 TeV .	These experiments have now seriously confronted the possibility of producing non-perturbative low-scale gravity states which were proposed over 17 years ago .	I will summarise the results of the searches , give a personal view of what they mean , and make some predictions for 13 TeV centre of mass energy .	I will also discuss early ATLAS 13 TeV centre of mass energy results .
+3	The vacuum energy density is equivalent to that of the tachyon vacuum without marginal deformations .	We consider bosonic open string field theory in marginally deformed backgrounds , which is obtained by expanding the string field around the identity-based solutions associated with marginal deformations .	We find a new set of string fields which satisfies the KBc algebra , but the nilpotent kinetic operator is that of the theory expanded around the identity-based marginal solution .	By use of these string fields , we construct the tachyon vaccum solution in marginally deformed backgrounds .	The gauge invariant overlap is changed according to the effect of marginal deformations , as expected from known results in CFT .
+3	We find that : 1 ) bias stochasticity does not affect the use of the bispectrum to recover the mean biasing relation between galaxies and mass , at least for models in which the scatter is uncorrelated at large scales .	The bispectrum is the lowest-order statistic sensitive to the shape of structures generated by gravitational instability and is a potentially powerful probe of galaxy biasing and the Gaussianity of primordial fluctuations .	Although the evolution of the bispectrum is well understood theoretically from non-linear perturbation theory and numerical simulations , applications to galaxy surveys require a number of issues to be addressed .	In this paper we consider the effect on the bispectrum of stochastic non-linear biasing , radial redshift distortions , non-Gaussian initial conditions , survey geometry and sampling .	2 ) radial redshift distortions do not change significantly the monopole power spectrum and bispectrum compared to their plane-parallel values .
+2	As an exciting application we present a test of the Maldacena conjecture .	We report on progress in evaluating quantum filed theories with supersymmetric discrete light-cone quantization ( SDLCQ ) .	We compare the method to lattice gauge theory and point out its relevance for lattice calculations .	We test the conjecture by evaluating the correlator of the stress-energy tensor in the strong coupling field theory and comparing to the string theory prediction of its behavior as a function of the distance .	Our numerical results support the Maldacena conjecture and are within 10-15 % of the predicted results .
+3	Adjusting free parameters properly , all elements of the predicted mixing matrix $ U_ { \rm PMNS } $ are in $ 3 \sigma $ range of the latest global analysis .	In this paper , we obtain the light neutrino masses and mixings consistent with the experiments , in the democratic texture approach .	The ansatz is that the neutrino Yukawa matrix $ Y_ { \nu } $ and the majorana mass of the right-handed neutrinos $ M_ { R } $ have the democratic texture with diagonal breaking term .	As a result , the mass matrix of the light neutrino $ m_ { \nu } $ obtained by the seesaw mechanism is also described by a perturbed matrix from the same texture .	Since a strongly hierarchical $ Y_ { \nu } $ can be realized in this framework , it shows a possibility that large mixings of the leptons and small mixings of the quarks can be explained in a simple unified picture , such as in $ SO ( 10 ) $ grand united theory with democratic texture .
+1	The atmospheric conditions at Dome C deliver a high sensitivity , high photometric precision , wide-field , high spatial resolution , and high-cadence imaging capability to the PILOT telescope .	PILOT ( the Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope ) is a proposed 2.5 m optical/infrared telescope to be located at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau .	These capabilities enable a unique scientific potential for PILOT , which is addressed in this series of papers .	The current paper presents a series of projects dealing with the distant ( redshift & gt ; ) Universe , that have been identified as key science drivers for the PILOT facility .	The potential for PILOT to detect the first populations of stars to form in the early Universe , via infrared projects searching for pair-instability supernovae and gamma-ray burst afterglows , is investigated .
+4	At the initial stage of assessing the merits of the proposed model , the results of its testing by the system of academic tests are presented .	On the basis of the author 's earlier results , a new source function for a numerical wind-wave model optimized by the criterion of accuracy and speed of calculation is substantiated .	The proposed source function includes ( a ) an optimized version of the discrete interaction approximation for parametrization of the nonlinear evolution mechanism , ( b ) a generalized empirical form of the input term modified by adding a special block of the dynamic boundary layer of the atmosphere , and ( c ) a dissipation term quadratic in the wave spectrum .	Particular attention is given to a theoretical substantiation of the least investigated dissipation term .	The advantages of the proposed source function are discussed by its comparison to the analogues used in the widespread models of the third generation WAM and WAVEWATCH .
+1	The differential equation for hysteretic behavior is subject to numerical computer simulations .	We present the circuit equivalent of the Landau-Khalatnikov dynamical ferroelectric model .	The size and shape of the simulated hysteretic loops depends strongly on the frequency and the amplitude of the driving electric field .	This dependence makes the experimental extraction of the coercive electric field difficult .	The bifurcation of the driven Landau-Khalatnikov model is explained in detail .
+3	It is also shown that two often-used approximations to avoid the calculation of the three-body breakup are not justified .	The influence of three-particle breakup singularities on s-wave meson production in nucleon-nucleon collisions is studied within the distorted wave Born approximation .	This study is based on a simple scalar model for the two-nucleon interaction and the production mechanism .	An algorithm for the exact numerical treatment of the inherent three-body cuts , together with its straightforward implementation is presented .	The possible impact on pion production observables is discussed .
+2	In the opposite limit the instability is weak and step bunching can occur only when the magnitude of step-step repulsion is small .	This work provides a ground for a quantitative interpretation of experiments on step bunching during sublimation of crystals with a pronounced Ehrlich-Schwoebel ( ES ) barrier in the regime of weak desorption .	A strong step bunching instability takes place when the kinetic length is larger than the average distance between the steps on the vicinal surface .	The central result are power law relations of the between the width , the height , and the minimum interstep distance of a bunch .	These relations are obtained from a continuum evolution equation for the surface profile , which is derived from the discrete step dynamical equations for .
+0	In a molecular cloud dust opacity typically dominates over gas opacity , yet in the vicinities of forming stars dust is depleted , and gas is the sole provider of opacity .	In the optically thin circumstellar environments the radiation temperature can not be assumed to be equal to the gas temperature , hence the two-temperature Planck means are necessary to calculate the radiative equilibrium .	By using the two-temperature mean opacity one does obtain the proper equilibrium gas temperature in a circumstellar environment , which is in a chemical equilibrium .	A careful consideration of a radiative transfer problem reveals that the equilibrium temperature solution can be degenerate in an optically thin gaseous environment .	We compute mean gas opacities based on the publicly available code DFSYNTHE by Kurucz and Castelli .
+0	In this paper we give a new Koksma-Hlawka type inequality for Quasi-Monte Carlo ( QMC ) integration .	QMC integration of a function $ f\colon [ 0,1 ) ^s\rightarrow \mathbb { R } $ by a finite point set $ \mathcal { P } \subset [ 0,1 ) ^s $ is the approximation of the integral $ I ( f ) : =\int_ { [ 0,1 ) ^s } f ( \mathbf { x } ) \ , d\mathbf { x } $ by the average $ I_ { \mathcal { P } } ( f ) : =\frac { 1 } { |\mathcal { P } | } \sum_ { \mathbf { x } \in \mathcal { P } } f ( \mathbf { x } ) $ .	We treat a certain class of point sets $ \mathcal { P } $ called digital nets .	A Koksma-Hlawka type inequality is an inequality bounding the integration error $ \text { Err } ( f ; \mathcal { P } ) : =I ( f ) -I_ { \mathcal { P } } ( f ) $ by a bound of the form $ |\text { Err } ( f ; \mathcal { P } ) |\le C\cdot \|f\|\cdot D ( \mathcal { P } ) $ .	We can obtain a Koksma-Hlawka type inequality by estimating bounds on $ |\hat { f } ( \mathbf { k } ) | $ , where $ \hat { f } ( \mathbf { k } ) $ is a generalized Fourier coefficient with respect to the Walsh system .
+4	As examples of this machinery , we construct a stable model category of filtered D-modules and develop the rudiments of a theory of filtered operads and filtered algebras over operads .	The filtered derived category of an abelian category has played a useful role in subjects including geometric representation theory , mixed Hodge modules , and the theory of motives .	We develop a natural generalization using current methods of homotopical algebra , in the formalisms of both stable infinity-categories and stable model categories .	We characterize the filtered stable infinity-category Fil ( C ) of a stable infinity-category C as the left exact localization of sequences in C along the infinity-categorical version of completion ( and prove an analogous model category statement ) .	We also spell out how these constructions interact with spectral sequences and monoidal structures .
+0	We compute the instantaneous contributions to the spherical harmonic modes of gravitational waveforms from compact binary systems in general orbits up to the third post-Newtonian order .	We further extend these results for compact binaries in quasi-elliptical orbits using the 3PN quasi-Keplerian representation of the conserved dynamics of compact binaries in eccentric orbits .	Using the multipolar post-Minkowskian formalism , starting from the different mass and current type multipole moments , we compute the spin weighted spherical harmonic decomposition of the instantaneous part of the gravitational waveform .	These are terms which are functions of the retarded time and do not depend on the history of the binary evolution .	Together with the hereditary part , which depends on the binary 's dynamical history , these waveforms form the basis for construction of accurate templates for the detection of gravitational wave signals from binaries moving in quasi-elliptical orbits .
+1	In particular , we consider a non-axisymmetric model in which the asymptotically uniform magnetic field is inclined with respect to the axis of rotation .	Dynamics of charged particles in the vicinity of a rotating black hole embedded in the external large-scale magnetic field is numerically investigated .	We study the effect of inclination onto the prevailing dynamic regime of particle motion , i.e.we ask whether the inclined field allows regular trajectories or if instead , the deterministic chaos dominates the motion .	In this contribution we further discuss the role of initial condition , particularly , the initial azimuthal angle .	To characterize the measure of chaoticness we compute maximal Lyapunov exponents and employ the method of Recurrence Quantification Analysis .
+2	We also estimate the neutral hydrogen abundance in MgII clouds to be \Omega\ ~ 1.5e-4 , which is approximately 5 % of hydrogen in stars in galaxies .	MgII absorbers induce reddening on background quasars .	We measure this effect and infer the cosmic density of dust residing in these systems to be \Omega\ ~ 2e-6 , in units of the critical density of the Universe , which is comparable to the amount of dust found in galactic disks or about half the amount inferred to exist outside galaxies .	This implies a dust-to-gas mass ratio for MgII clouds of about 1/100 , which is similar to the value for normal galaxies .	This would support the hypothesis of the outflow origin of MgII clouds , which are intrinsically devoid of stars and hence have no sources of dust .
+3	For non-adiabatic perturbations , the matching hypersurface need not coincide with a uniform-density hypersurface and the tensor perturbation in the uniform-density gauge may be discontinuous .	We compute the second-order matching conditions for tensor metric perturbations at an abrupt change in the equation of state .	For adiabatic perturbations on large scales the matching hypersurface coincides with a uniform-density hypersurface .	We show that in the uniform-density gauge both the tensor perturbation and its time-derivative are continuous in this case .	However , we show that in the Poisson gauge both the tensor perturbation and its time-derivative are continuous for adiabatic or non-adiabatic perturbations .
+0	Incomplete information is a problem in many aspects of actual environments .	Furthermore , in many sceneries the knowledge is not represented in a crisp way .	It is common to find fuzzy concepts or problems with some level of uncertainty .	There are not many practical systems which handle fuzziness and uncertainty and the few examples that we can find are used by a minority .	To extend a popular system ( which many programmers are using ) with the ability of combining crisp and fuzzy knowledge representations seems to be an interesting issue .
+4	Connections to Oseledets spaces and projection operators in exponential dichotomies are established .	It is well-known that stable and unstable manifolds strongly influence fluid motion in unsteady flows .	These emanate from hyperbolic trajectories , with the structures moving nonautonomously in time .	The local directions of emanation at each instance in time is the focus of this article .	Within a nearly autonomous setting , it is shown that these time-varying directions can be characterised through the accumulated effect of velocity shear .
+4	This formula is `` valence independent '' in the sense that it holds regardless of what numbers of edges are allowed to meet at vertices ; furthermore it subsumes formulas for $ e_1 $ given by other authors as special cases .	We derive a new formula for the equilibrium measure for eigenvalues of random matrices sampled from polynomial perturbations of the GUE , valid in the one-cut case .	The virtue of our formula is that it depends on the potential only implicitly through the endpoints of support of the equilibrium measure .	Our motivation is the problem of computing explicit formulas for generating functions which enumerate graphs embedded in a Riemann surface .	To demonstrate the utility of our formula for the equilibrium measure , we derive a formula for the generating function $ e_1 $ enumerating maps on the torus .
+1	First , we demonstrate that data on neutral B_d-meson mixing excludes the region of model parameter space where the top asymmetry is predicted to be the largest .	We study an SU ( 3 ) ^2 axigluon model introduced by Frampton , Shu , and Wang to explain the recent Fermilab Tevatron observation of a significant positive enhancement in the top quark forward-backward asymmetry relative to standard model predictions .	Keeping the gauge couplings below the critical value that would lead to fermion condensation imposes further limits at large axigluon mass , while precision electroweak constraints on the model are relatively mild .	Furthermore , by considering an extension to an SU ( 3 ) ^3 color group , we demonstrate that embedding the model in an extra-dimensional framework can only dilute the axigluon effect on the forward-backward asymmetry .	We conclude that axigluon models are unlikely to be the source of the observed top quark asymmetry .
+3	A subset of the TIMIT corpus composed of 200 male speakers , is used for enrollment , validation and testing .	Various algorithms for text-independent speaker recognition have been developed through the decades , aiming to improve both accuracy and e ? ciency .	This paper presents a novel PCA/LDA-based approach that is faster than traditional statistical model-based methods and achieves competitive results .	First , the performance based on only PCA and only LDA is measured ; then a mixed model , taking advantages of both methods , is introduced .	The best results achieve 100 % ; 96 % and 95 % classi ? cation rate at population level 50 ; 100 and 200 , using 39-dimensional MFCC features with delta and double delta .
+1	Particularly , we present the new results of the analysis of burning problem to form a qubit network .	General key problems in relation to the application of self-organizing structures theory to the analysis of current cooperative phenomena are discussed .	Recently [ Proc.of the Inst .	of Physics and Technol .	of Russian Acad.of Sci .
+0	We present a detailed numerical study of the equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics of the phase transition in the finite-temperature Abelian Higgs model .	Our simulations use classical equations of motion both with and without hard-thermal-loop corrections , which take into account the leading quantum effects .	From the equilibrium real-time correlators , we determine the Landau damping rate , the plasmon frequency and the plasmon damping rate .	We also find that , close to the phase transition , the static magnetic field correlator shows power-law magnetic screening at long distances .	The information about the damping rates allows us to derive a quantitative prediction for the number density of topological defects formed in a phase transition .
+2	We perform a unified analysis , including systematics , backgrounds and accurate experimental setup in each case .	We present in this article a detailed quantitative discussion of the measurement of the leptonic mixing angle theta_13 through currently scheduled reactor neutrino oscillation experiments .	We thus focus on Double Chooz ( Phase I & amp ; II ) , Daya Bay ( Phase I & amp ; II ) and RENO experiments .	Each identified systematic error and background impact has been assessed on experimental setups following published data when available and extrapolating from Double Chooz acquired knowledge otherwise .	After reviewing the experiments , we present a new analysis of their sensitivities to sin^2 ( 2 theta_13 ) and study the impact of the different systematics based on the pulls approach .
+4	A naive calculation of the expected number of events for the $ t\rightarrow c\gamma $ decay in $ pp $ collisions at LHC was performed by assuming an integrated luminosity of $ 300\ , \textrm { fb } ^ { -1 } , $ finding $ \sim 700 $ events .	Models beyond the Standard Model with extra scalars have been highly motivated by the recent discovery of scalar Higgs boson .	The Two Higgs Doublet Model Type III considers the most general case for the scalar potential , allowing mixing between neutral CP-even and CP-odd scalar fields .	This work presents the results of the study on the $ t\rightarrow c\gamma $ decay at one loop level if neutral flavor changing is generated by top-charm-Higgs coupling given by the Yukawa matrix .	A value for the branching ratio $ Br ( t\rightarrow c\gamma ) \sim 10^ { -6 } $ for $ \tan\beta=2.5 $ and general neutral Higgs mixing parameters , $ 1.16\leq\alpha_1\leq1.5 $ , $ -0.48\leq\alpha_2\leq-0.1 $ .
+3	The class- ification is further supported by diagnostics available from the observed colors and temporal behavior of the SN , both of which match a typical SN Ia .	We present photometric observations of an apparent Type Ia supernova ( SN Ia ) at a redshift of ~1.7 , the farthest SN observed to date .	SN 1997ff , was discovered in a repeat observation by the HST of the HDF- ) , and serendipitously monitored with NICMOS on HST throughout the GTO campaign .	The SN type can be determined from the host galaxy type : an evolved , red elliptical lacking enough recent star formation to provide a significant population of core-collapse SNe .	The photo- metric record of the SN includes a dozen flux measurements in the I , J , and H bands spanning 35 days in the observed frame .
+0	( abridged ) We present high-resolution echelle spectroscopy of a photometricaly-selected sample if thirty-nine dwarfs with spectral types between M6.5 and L0.5 .	Two stars , 2MASSI 0253202+271333 and 2MASSW 0952219-192431 , are double-lined spectroscopic binaries .	We have used our observations to search for Li I 6708 A absorption , characteristic of sub-stellar mass ; estimate the level of chromospheric activity through measurement of H-alpha emission fluxes ; measure rotational velocities via line broadening ; and determine radial velocities and Galactic space motions .	Two dwarfs have strong lithium absorption , the previously-known brown dwarf , LP 944-20 , and 2MASSI J0335020+234235 , which we identify as a probable 0.06 M_sun brown dwarf , age ~1 Gyr .	We have investigated the prospect of using the observed frequency of lithium absorption amongst ultracool M dwarfs ( M7 to M9.5 ) as a probe of the initial mass function .
+2	For states that can be treated with the Gross-Pitaevskii equation , we find that the reconstructed density operator gives excellent predictions of the second moments of the atomic creation- and annihilation operators , including the one-body density matrix .	We propose to use quantum tomography to characterize the state of a perturbed Bose-Einstein condensate .	We assume knowledge of the number of particles in the zero-wave number mode and of density distributions in space at different times , and we treat the condensate in the Bogoliubov approximation .	Additional inclusion of the momentum distribution at one point of time enables somewhat reliable predictions to be made for the second moments for mixed states , making it possible to distinguish between coherent and thermal perturbations of the condensate .	Finally , we find that with observation of the zero-wave number mode 's anomalous second moment the reconstructed density operator gives reliable predictions of the second moments of locally amplitude squeezed states .
+4	Performing this measurement while scanning the ion through the focus provides a map of the focal intensity distribution .	We report on the demonstration of a light-matter interface coupling light to a single $ ^ { 174 } \textrm { Yb } ^+ $ ion in free space .	The interface is realized through a parabolic mirror partially surrounding the ion .	It transforms a Laguerre-Gaussian beam into a linear dipole wave converging at the mirror 's focus .	By measuring the non-linear response of the atomic transition we deduce the power required for reaching an upper-level population of $ 1/4 $ to be $ 692\pm20~\textrm { pW } $ at half linewidth detuning from the atomic resonance .
+4	The detailed biochemical characterization of integrin signaling provides us with measured values for most of the kinetics parameters .	Integrin signaling regulates cell migration and plays a pivotal role in developmental processes and cancer metastasis .	Integrin signaling has been studied extensively and much data is available on pathway components and interactions .	Yet the data is fragmented and an integrated model is missing .	We use a rule-based modeling approach to integrate available data and test biological hypotheses regarding the role of talin , Dok1 and PIPKI in integrin activation .
+2	The corresponding chiral lagrangian for vector and scalar resonances is constructed .	Electromagnetic decays of the scalar mesons are shown to be constrained by chiral symmetry as a consequence of the fact that , in the chiral limit , the two and three-point functions $ & lt ; SS-PP & gt ; $ and $ & lt ; VVS & gt ; $ satisfy super-convergent dispersion relations .	The QCD asymptotic behavior of the latter is canonical and it can be saturated by a finite number of resonances .	Matching to the correct asymptotic structure generates non-minimal terms which have so far been ignored .	It is found that the width $ a_0 ( 980 ) \to2\gamma $ can be naturally reproduced suggesting that the $ a_0 ( 980 ) $ is not an exotic particle .
+1	The non-commutative space we consider is the one that emerges in the context of three dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity : it is a deformation of the classical Euclidean space and the Planck length plays the role of the deformation parameter .	We are studying the dynamics of a one-dimensional field in a non-commutative Euclidean space .	The field is interpreted as a particle which evolves in a quantum background .	When the dynamics of the particle is linear , the resulting motion is similar to the standard motion in the classical space .	However , non-linear dynamics on the non-commutative space are different from the corresponding non-linear dynamics on the classical space .
+2	In our implementation segmentation is extended to three dimensions by performing this process on a slice-by-slice basis .	This report describes the design , implementation , evaluation and original enhancements to the Live-Wire method for 2D and 3D image segmentation .	Live-Wire 2D employs a semi-automatic paradigm ; the user is asked to select a few boundary points of the object to segment , to steer the process in the right direction , while the result is displayed in real time .	User 's time and involvement is further reduced by allowing him to specify object contours in planes orthogonal to the slices .	If these planes are chosen strategically , Live-Wire 3D can perform 2D segmentation in the plane of each slice automatically .
+3	Our results indicate that for a wide set of problems , $ \sigma V_T $ in the range of $ 15-25 $ mV gives optimal results .	In this paper , we describe a compact low-power , high performance hardware implementation of the extreme learning machine ( ELM ) for machine learning applications .	Mismatch in current mirrors are used to perform the vector-matrix multiplication that forms the first stage of this classifier and is the most computationally intensive .	Both regression and classification ( on UCI data sets ) are demonstrated and a design space trade-off between speed , power and accuracy is explored .	An input weight matrix rotation method to extend the input dimension and hidden layer size beyond the physical limits imposed by the chip is also described .
+1	There is a huge body of literature regarding this kind of matrices .	It is well known that Gaussian symplectic ensemble ( GSE ) is defined on the space of $ n\times n $ quaternion self-dual Hermitian matrices with Gaussian random elements .	As a natural idea we want to get more universal results by removing the Gaussian condition .	For the first step , in this paper we prove that the empirical spectral distribution of the common quaternion self-dual Hermitian matrices tends to semicircular law .	The main tool to establish the universal result is given as a lemma in this paper as well .
+4	Calculations were performed for all even-even nuclei from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line having proton numbers Z=2,4 , ... ,108 and neutron numbers N=2,4 , ... ,188 .	An improved prescription for choosing a transformed harmonic oscillator ( THO ) basis for use in configuration-space Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov ( HFB ) calculations is presented .	The new HFB+THO framework that follows accurately reproduces the results of coordinate-space HFB calculations for spherical nuclei , including those that are weakly bound .	Furthermore , it is fully automated , facilitating its use in systematic investigations of large sets of nuclei throughout the periodic table .	As a first application , we have carried out calculations using the Skyrme Force SLy4 and volume pairing , with exact particle number projection following application of the Lipkin-Nogami prescription .
+0	In recent papers we have refined a conjecture of Lehrer and Solomon expressing the characters of a finite Coxeter group $ W $ afforded by the homogeneous components of its Orlik-Solomon algebra as sums of characters induced from linear characters of centralizers of elements of $ W $ .	Our refined conjecture also relates the Orlik-Solomon characters above to the terms of a decomposition of the regular character of $ W $ related to the descent algebra of $ W $ .	A consequence of our conjecture is that both the regular character of $ W $ and the character of the Orlik-Solomon algebra have parallel , graded decompositions as sums of characters induced from linear characters of centralizers of elements of $ W $ , one for each conjugacy class of elements of $ W $ .	The refined conjecture has been proved for symmetric and dihedral groups .	In this paper we develop algorithmic tools to prove the conjecture computationally for a given finite Coxeter group .
+0	The gain of neurons ' responses in the auditory cortex is sensitive to contrast changes in the stimulus within a spectrotemporal range similar to their receptive fields , which can be interpreted to represent the tuning of the input to a neuron .	This indicates a local mechanism of contrast gain control , which we explore with a minimal mechanistic model here .	Gain control through noisy input has been observed in vitro and in a range of computational models .	We investigate the behaviour of the simplest of such models to showcase gain control , a stochastic leaky integrate-and-fire ( sLIF ) neuron , which exhibits gain control through divisive normalisation of the input both with and without accompanying subtractive shift of the input-response curve , depending on whether input noise is proportional to or independent of its mean .	To get a more direct understanding of how the input statistics change the response , we construct an analytic approximation to the firing rate of a sLIF neuron constituted of the expression for the deterministic case and a weighted average over the derived approximate steady-state distribution of conductance due to poissonian synaptic inputs .
+1	The ionicity increases continuously from $ \sim $ 0.35 at ambient conditions to $ \sim $ 0.65 when the pressure is raised up to 2 GPa .	Application of about 0.8 GPa pressure is sufficient to induce the neutral-ionic transition in the mixed stack charge-transfer crystal 2-chloro-5-methyl- $ p $ -phenylenediamine -- 2,5-dimethyl-dicyanoquinonediimine ( { \CD } ) .	Moreover , stack dimerization begins well before the crossing of the neutral-ionic interface .	The evolution of the transition is similar to what observed in the temperature induced phase change in the same compound .	( cond-mat/0101179 ) A distinguishing feature is represented by the simultaneous presence of domains of molecules with slightly different ionicities across the transition pressure .
+1	By using conformal symmetry and density functional theory , we discuss the structure of the finite size contributions to a general measure of ground state entanglement , which are ruled by the central charge of the underlying conformal field theory .	We analyze the finite size corrections to entanglement in quantum critical systems .	More generally , we show that all conformal towers formed by an infinite number of excited states ( as the size of the system $ L \to \infty $ ) exhibit a unique pattern of entanglement , which differ only at leading order $ ( 1/L ) ^2 $ .	In this case , entanglement is also shown to obey a universal structure , given by the anomalous dimensions of the primary operators of the theory .	As an illustration , we discuss the behavior of pairwise entanglement for the eigenspectrum of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain with an arbitrary length $ L $ for both periodic and twisted boundary conditions .
+4	The orbital periods of the planet candidates are 9.8844 \pm0.0087 days ( KIC 10905746 ) and 49.7696 \pm0.00039 ( KIC 6185331 ) days and the modeled planet radii are 2.65 and 8.05 R\oplus .	Planet Hunters is a new citizen science project , designed to engage the public in an exoplanet search using NASA Kepler public release data .	In the first month after launch , users identified two new planet candidates which survived our checks for false- positives .	The follow-up effort included analysis of Keck HIRES spectra of the host stars , analysis of pixel centroid offsets in the Kepler data and adaptive optics imaging at Keck using NIRC2 .	Spectral synthesis modeling coupled with stellar evolutionary models yields a stellar density distribution , which is used to model the transit orbit .
+2	Most of the pairs have abundance differences lower than 0.02 dex and there are no pairs with differences larger than 0.07 dex .	In this paper we present iron abundance analysis for 23 wide binaries with main sequence components in the temperture range 4900-6300 K , taken from the sample of the pairs currently included in the radial velocity planet search on going at the TNG .	The use of a line-by-line differential analysis technique between the components of each pair allows to reach errors of about 0.02 dex in the iron content difference .	The four cases of differences larger than 0.02 dex may be spouriuos because of the larger error bars affecting pairs with large temperature difference , cold stars and rotating stars .	The pair HD 219542 , previously reported by us to have different composition , results instead normal .
+2	A time-of-flight detector based on multi-gap resistive plate chamber ( MRPC ) technology is used for particle identification .	Identified mid-rapidity particle spectra of $ \pi^ { \pm } $ , $ K^ { \pm } $ , and $ p ( \bar { p } ) $ from 200 GeV p+p and d+Au collisions are reported .	This data were taken in 2003 run from the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC ( STAR ) experiment .	The intrinsic timing resolution 85 ps was achieved after the calibration .	We observe that the spectra of $ \pi^ { \pm } $ , $ K^ { \pm } $ , $ p $ and $ \bar { p } $ are considerably harder in d+Au than those in p+p collisions .
+2	The demons act as a buffer between the multicanonical heat bath and the spin system , allowing the spin system to be updated with any microcanonical demon procedure , including cluster methods .	I present a hybrid-like two-step algorithm , which combines a microcanonical update of a spin system using demons , with a multicanonical demon refresh .	The algorithm is free from the supercritical slowing down that burdens the canonical methods : the exponential increase of the tunnelling time between the metastable states in the first-order phase transitions , when the volume of the system is increased .	The cluster algorithm is demonstrated with the 2-dimensional 7-state Potts model , using volumes up to $ 128^2 $ .	The tunnelling time is found to increase as $ L^ { 1.82 } $ , where $ L $ is the linear dimension of the system .
+1	Two nodes have the same role if they interact with equivalent sets of neighbors .	A key task in social network and other complex network analysis is role analysis : describing and categorizing nodes according to how they interact with other nodes .	The most fundamental role equivalence is automorphic equivalence .	Unfortunately , the fastest algorithms known for graph automorphism are nonpolynomial .	Moreover , since exact equivalence may be rare , a more meaningful task is to measure the role similarity between any two nodes .
+4	Regularizing these singular kernels allows a multiscale representation of the internal and external contributions to the magnetic field with locally supported wavelets .	We provide a space domain oriented separation of magnetic fields into parts generated by sources in the exterior and sources in the interior of a given sphere .	The separation itself is well-known in geomagnetic modeling , usually in terms of a spherical harmonic analysis or a wavelet analysis that is spherical harmonic based .	In contrast to these frequency oriented methods , we use a more spatially oriented approach in this paper .	We derive integral representations with explicitly known convolution kernels .
+3	To derive mean field equations , we consider the one-matrix model in external field .	A matrix model describing surfaces embedded in a Bethe lattice is considered .	From the mean field point of view , it is equivalent to the Kazakov-Migdal induced gauge theory and therefore , at $ N=\infty $ and $ d & gt ; 1 $ , the latter can be interpreted as a matrix model for infinite-tension strings .	We show that , in the naive continuum limit , it is governed by the one-matrix-model saddle point with an upside-down potential .	As a simple application , its explicit solution in the case of the inverted W potential is given .
+3	We show that the spectral effects of these three ( IMF slope , LMCO , AGB strength ) are subtle compared to age-abundance effects .	The study of extragalactic integrated light can yield partial information on stellar population ages , abundances , and the initial mass function ( IMF ) .	The power-law slope of the IMF has been studied in recent investigations with gravity-sensitive spectral indicators that hopefully measure the ratio between KM dwarfs and giants .	We explore two additional effects that might mimic the effects of the IMF slope in integrated light , the low mass cutoff ( LMCO ) and a variable contribution of light from the asymptotic giant branch ( AGB ) .	We illustrate parameter degeneracies and covariances and conclude that the three effects can be disentangled , but only in the regime of very accurate observations , with enhanced effectiveness if high-precision photometry is combined with spectroscopy .
+3	in a limited range , the sum-rule integral from zero to a certain cutoff frequency inside this range can be safely derived using only the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations without any extra model assumptions .	Partial sum rules are widely used in physics to separate low- and high-energy degrees of freedom of complex dynamical systems .	Their application , though , is challenged in practice by the always finite spectrometer bandwidth and is often performed using risky model-dependent extrapolations .	We show that , given spectra of the real and imaginary parts of any causal frequency-dependent response function ( for example , optical conductivity , magnetic susceptibility , acoustical impedance etc . )	This implies that experimental techniques providing both active and reactive response components independently , such as spectroscopic ellipsometry in optics , allow an extrapolation-independent determination of spectral weight 'hidden ' below the lowest accessible frequency .
+4	We calculate the Li diffusion barriers , along the Li_T - & gt ; Li_H diffusion path , where we find similar energy barriers compared with that obtained for Li adatoms on the MoS2 surface .	Based on ab initio calculations , we examine the incorporation of Li atoms in the MoS2/graphene interface .	We find that the intercalated Li atoms are energetically more stable than Li atoms adsorbed on the MoS2 surface .	The intercalated atoms interact with both graphene sheet and MoS2 layer , increasing the Li binding energies .	However , the equilibrium geometries are ruled by the MoS2 layer , where the intercalated Li atoms lie on the top ( Li_T ) and hollow ( Li_H ) sites of the MoS2 layer .
+2	The resulting models have a manifest U_q ( su ( 2 ) ) symmetry with a smooth limit q - & gt ; 1 , and satisfy positivity and twisted bosonic symmetry properties .	We study the second quantization of field theory on the q-deformed fuzzy sphere for real q .	This is performed using a path-integral over the modes , which generate a quasiassociative algebra .	A systematic way to calculate n-point correlators in perturbation theory is given .	As examples , the 4-point correlator for a free scalar field theory and the planar contribution to the tadpole diagram in \phi^4 theory are computed .
+4	The second observation is that the collapsing transition is accompanied by a continuous transition of surface fluctuations .	We study the phase structure of a surface model by using the canonical Monte Carlo simulation technique on triangulated , fixed connectivity , and spherical surfaces with many fine holes .	The size of a hole is assumed to be of the order of lattice spacing ( or bond length ) and hence can be negligible compared to the surface size in the thermodynamic limit .	We observe in the numerical data that the model undergoes a first-order collapsing transition between the smooth phase and the collapsed phase .	Moreover the Hasudorff dimension H remains in the physical bound , i.e. , H & lt ; 3 not only in the smooth phase but also in the collapsed phase at the transition point .
+0	Recently reported optical nuclear orientation in the $ n $ -doped GaAs microcavity under pumping in nominal transparency region of the crystal [ Appl.Phys.Lett .	$ \mathbf { 106 } $ , 242405 ( 2015 ) ] has arisen a number of questions , the main of them concerning mechanisms of angular momentum transfer from the light to the nuclear spin system and the nature of the light-related magnetic fields accompanying the optical nuclear polarization .	In this paper , we use the spin noise spectroscopy for magnetometric purposes , particularly , to study effective fields acting upon electron spin system of an $ n $ -GaAs layer inside a high-Q microcavity in the presence of elliptically polarized probe beam .	In addition to the external magnetic field applied to the sample in the Voigt geometry and the Overhauser field created by optically oriented nuclei , the spin noise spectrum reveals an additional effective , `` optical , '' magnetic field produced by elliptically polarized probe itself .	This field is directed along the light propagation axis , with its sign being determined by the sign of the probe helicity and its magnitude depending on degree of circular polarization and intensity of the probe beam .
+4	We model the cloud particles as a mix of mineral materials which change in size and composition as they travel through atmospheric thermo-chemical environments .	3D modelling of cloud formation in atmospheres of extrasolar planets coupled to the atmospheric radiative , hydrodynamic and thermo-chemical properties has long been an open challenge .	We present a 3D radiative-hydrodynamic ( RHD ) atmosphere model of HD 189733b fully coupled to a kinetic , microphysical mineral cloud formation model .	We include the feedback effects of cloud advection and settling , gas phase element advection and depletion/replenishment and include the radiative effects of cloud and gas opacity .	The 3D Navier-Stokes equations are solved consistently with a two-stream radiative transfer scheme coupled with the cloud moment conservation equations .
+4	In the second quantized form the equation does not have unwanted ghost states in Fock space .	The equation for QCD string proposed earlier is reviewed .	This equation appears when we examine the gonihedric string model and the corresponding transfer matrix .	Arguing that string equation should have a generalized Dirac form we found the corresponding infinite-dimensional gamma matrices as a symmetric solution of the Majorana commutation relations .	The generalized gamma matrices are anticommuting and guarantee unitarity of the theory at all orders of $ v/c $ .
+2	The perturbative parts are obtained after the subtraction .	We study the one-loop correction in Transverse-Momentum-Dependent ( TMD ) factorization for Drell-Yan processes at small transverse momentum of the lepton pair .	We adopt the so-called subtractive approach , in which one can systematically construct contributions for subtracting long-distance effects represented by diagrams .	We find that the perturbative coefficients of all structure functions in TMD factorization at leading twist are the same .	The perturbative parts can also be studied with scattering of partons instead of hadrons .
+1	They may distinguish the Standard Model ( SM ) Higgs boson from Higgs bosons of extended models .	Two important properties of a Higgs boson are its mass and width .	We show results from a direct mass and width reconstruction for a Higgs boson mass range from 120 to 340 GeV .	The mass and width have been reconstructed from the H -- & gt ; ZZstar -- & gt ; mu+mu-mu+mu- reaction in an LHC simulation of the CMS detector .	The determined mass accuracy has been compared with that obtained from studies for a linear collider ( LC ) .
+1	We relax the assumption of the classical theory that the average surface erosion rate is determined by a Gaussian response function representing the effect of the collision cascade and consider the surface dynamics for other physically-motivated response functions .	The classical theory of ion beam sputtering predicts the instability of a flat surface to uniform ion irradiation at any incidence angle .	We show that although instability of flat surfaces at any beam angle results from all Gaussian and a wide class of non-Gaussian erosive response functions , there exist classes of modifications to the response that can have a dramatic effect .	In contrast to the classical theory , these types of response render the flat surface linearly stable , while imperceptibly modifying the predicted sputter yield vs. incidence angle .	We discuss the possibility that such corrections underlie recent reports of a `` window of stability '' of ion-bombarded surfaces at a range of beam angles for certain ion and surface types , and describe some characteristic aspects of pattern evolution near the transition from unstable to stable dynamics .
+1	The total Ks-selected sample includes 545 objects .	The K20 survey is a near infrared-selected , deep ( Ks & lt ; 20 ) redshift survey targeting galaxies in two independent regions of the sky , the CDFS and the q0055-2659 field .	Optical spectra for 525 of them have been obtained , providing 501 spectroscopic identifications ( including 12 type-1 AGN and 45 stars ) .	This paper describes the final K20 spectroscopic catalogue , along with the technique used to determine redshifts , measure the spectral features and characterize the spectra .	The classification of the galaxy spectra has been performed according to a simple parametric recipe that uses the equivalent widths of the two main emission lines ( O [ II ] and Halpha+ [ N II ] ) and two continuum indices ( the 4000A break index , and a near-UV color index , C ( 28-39 ) ) .
+3	We found that mstau1 and the left-right mixing angle of stau would be measured within an error of a few percent .	Sleptons can easily be found at future linear e+e- colliders if kinematically accessible .	Measurements of their masses and decay distributions would then determine MSSM parameters .	This paper presents a detailed MC study of the production and decay of the lighter scalar tau lepton , stau1 .	tanbeta is determinable in some region of the parameter space through simultaneous studies of stau1-and selectron-pair production : the polarization measurement of the tau leptons from stau1 decays and the M1 , mchi1 determination using selectron pair production and decay .
+3	( ii ) every dense separated set of points in the $ d $ -dimensional cube $ [ 0 , L ] ^d $ in $ \RR^d $ contains an arbitrary large approximate grid , if $ L $ is large enough .	According to a classical result of Szemer\ ' { e } di , every dense subset of $ 1,2 , ... , N $ contains an arbitrary long arithmetic progression , if $ N $ is large enough .	Its analogue in higher dimensions due to F\ '' urstenberg and Katznelson says that every dense subset of $ \ { 1,2 , ... , N\ } ^d $ contains an arbitrary large grid , if $ N $ is large enough .	Here we generalize these results for separated point sets on the line and respectively in the Euclidean space : ( i ) every dense separated set of points in some interval $ [ 0 , L ] $ on the line contains an arbitrary long approximate arithmetic progression , if $ L $ is large enough .	A further generalization for any finite pattern in $ \RR^d $ is also established .
+2	It can be alleviated by adopting tilted ring models compatible with the 21-cm datacube but different from the one that best fits the data .	The rotation curves and the relative mass distributions of the two nearby Local Group spiral galaxies , M31 and M33 , show discrepancies with Modified Newtonian dynamic ( MOND ) predictions .	In M33 the discrepancy lies in the kinematics of the outermost regions .	In M31 MOND fails to fit the falling part of the rotation curve at intermediate radii , before the curve flattens out in the outermost regions .	Newtonian dynamics in a framework of a stellar disc embedded in a dark halo can explain the complex rotation curve profiles of these two galaxies , while MOND has some difficulties .
+3	We also find that the ratio m_0^2 = g & lt ; \bar { q } \sigma G q & gt ; / & lt ; \bar { q } q & gt ; is almost independent of the temperature even in the very vicinity of T_c , which indicates that the two condensates have nontrivial similarity in the chiral behaviors .	The thermal effects on the quark-gluon mixed condensate g & lt ; \bar { q } \sigma G q & gt ; , which is another chiral order parameter , are studied using the SU ( 3 ) c lattice QCD with the Kogut-Susskind fermion at the quenched level .	We perform the accurate measurement of the mixed condensate as well as the quark condensate for 0MeV & lt ; =T & lt ; =500MeV .	We observe the sharp decrease of both the condensates around T_c \simeq 280MeV , while the thermal effects below T_c are found to be weak .	We also present the correlation between the condensates and the Polyakov loop to understand the vacuum structure of QCD .
+1	We present a method that interprets the prompt GRB flux as it Compton scatters off the Earth 's atmosphere , based on detailed modelling of both the Earth 's atmosphere and the orbiting detectors .	The true nature of the progenitor to GRBs remains elusive ; one characteristic that would constrain our understanding of the GRB mechanism considerably is gamma-ray polarimetry measurements of the initial burst flux .	The BATSE mission aboard the \textit { CGRO } monitored the whole sky in the 20 keV - 1 MeV energy band continuously from April 1991 until June 2000 .	We present the BATSE Albedo Polarimetry System ( BAPS ) , and show that GRB 930131 and GRB 960924 provide evidence of polarisation in their prompt flux that is consistent with degrees of polarisation of $ \Pi & gt ; 35 $ % and $ \Pi & gt ; 50 $ % respectively .	While the evidence of polarisation is strong , the method is unable to strongly constrain the degree of polarisation beyond a systematics based estimation .
+1	At its heart is the quantum wavefunction , the central tool for describing quantum systems .	Quantum mechanics is an outstandingly successful description of nature , underpinning fields from biology through chemistry to physics .	Yet it is still unclear what the wavefunction actually is : does it merely represent our limited knowledge of a system , or is it an element of reality ?	Recent no-go theorems argued that if there was any underlying reality to start with , the wavefunction must be real .	However , that conclusion relied on debatable assumptions , without which a partial knowledge interpretation can be maintained to some extent .
+3	The related modulation is incommensurate with multiple harmonics .	We present an X-ray diffraction study of the quasi-2D conductors a- ( BEDTTTF ) 2MHg ( SCN ) , with M=K and Rb .	They exhibit a phase transition of the density wave type at TDW=8-10K and 12-13K respectively , evidenced by magnetoresistivity , specific heat , NMR and Hall constant measurements .	The structural study shows the presence of satellite reflections already at ambient temperature .	For some of the compounds studied , the intensity of the satellite reflections strongly increases below TDW .
+0	The basic quantity for the description of the statistical properties of physical systems is the density of states or equivalently the microcanonical entropy .	Macroscopic quantities of a system in equilibrium can be computed directly from the entropy .	Response functions such as the susceptibility are for example related to the curvature of the entropy surface .	Interestingly , physical quantities in the microcanonical ensemble show characteristic properties of phase transitions already in finite systems .	In this paper we investigate these characteristics for finite Ising systems .
+0	For D=4 theories of a single U ( 1 ) gauge field strength coupled to gravity and matters , we show that the electric-magnetic duality can be formulated as an invariance of the actions .	The symmetry is associated with duality rotation acting directly on the gauge field .	The rotation is constructed in flat space , and an extension to curved spaces is also given .	It is non-local and non-covariant , yet generates off-shell extended transformation of the field strength .	The algebraic condition of Gaillard and Zumino turns out to be a necessary and sufficient condition for the invariance of actions .
+4	A physical theory of rotation curves of galaxies based on second solution to Einstein 's field equation is presented .	Vectorial analysis relating to derivation of deflection of light is presented .	Curvilinear acceleration is distinguished from the Newtonian polar conic acceleration .	The difference between the two is due to the curvature term .	Lorentz invariant expression for acceleration is derived .
+4	Here I attempt a review of some sanity checks of these fast-developing theories from galaxy rotation curves , gravitational lensing and cosmic acceleration .	Various TeVeS-inspired and f ( R ) -inspired theories of gravity have added an interesting twist to the search for dark matter and vacuum energy , modifying the landscape of astrophysics day by day .	These theories can be together called a { \bf N } on- { \bf u } niform Dark Energy fluid ( a Nu-Lambda fluid or a $ { \mathbf V\Lambda } $ fluid ) ; a common thread of these theories , according of an up-to-date summary by HZL \cite { Halle } , is a non-uniform vector field , describing an uneven vacuum energy fluid .	The so-called `` alternative '' gravity theories are in fact in the standard GR gravity framework except that the cosmological `` constant '' is replaced by a non-trivial non-uniform vacuum energy , which couples the effects of Dark Matter and Dark Energy together by a single field .	Built initially bottom-up rather than top-down as most gravity theories , TeVeS-inspired theories are healthily rooted on empirical facts .
+2	In general , this operator will have eigenstates in which the lowest two angular momentum modes mix , thereby removing conservation of angular momentum .	We discuss the Hamiltonian for a nonrelativistic electron with spin in the presence of an abelian magnetic monopole and note that it is not self-adjoint in the lowest two angular momentum modes .	We then use von Neumann 's theory of self-adjoint extensions to construct a self-adjoint operator with the same functional form .	However , consistency with the solutions of the Dirac equation limits the possibilities such that conservation of angular momentum is restored .	Because the same effect occurs for a spinless particle with a sufficiently attractive inverse square potential , we also study this system .
+4	We note that the assignment of equal a priori probability of 1/2 to the real and ideal situations for distinguishability advantage would not lead to operational guarantee .	Cryptographic security of quantum key distribution is currently based on a trace distance criterion .	The widespread misinterpretation of the criterion as failure probability and also its actual scope have been discussed previously .	Recently its distinguishability advantage interpretation is re-emphasized as an operational guarantee , and the failure probability misinterpretation is maintained with a further failure probability per bit interpretation .	In this paper we explain the basic perpetuating error as a confusion on the correspondence between mathematics and reality .
+2	Strong magnetic fields further enhance the slope of $ \rho_ { xy } ( B ) $ at all temperatures studied .	We report the temperature ( $ T $ ) and perpendicular magnetic field ( $ B $ ) dependence of the Hall resistivity $ \rho_ { xy } ( B ) $ of dilute metallic two-dimensional ( 2D ) holes in GaAs over a broad range of temperature ( 0.02-1.25K ) .	The low $ B $ Hall coefficient , $ R_H $ , is found to be enhanced when $ T $ decreases .	Coulomb interaction corrections of a Fermi liquid ( FL ) in the ballistic regime can not explain the enhancement of $ \rho_ { xy } $ which occurs in the same regime as the anomalous metallic longitudinal conductivity .	In particular , although the metallic conductivity in 2D systems has been attributed to electron interactions in a FL , these same interactions should reduce , { \it not enhance } the slope of $ \rho_ { xy } ( B ) $ as $ T $ decreases and/or $ B $ increases .
+1	Similarly to the existing worst-case beamformer with the minimum variance design , the problem can be reformulated as a second-order cone ( SOC ) program and solved with interior point methods .	We present a robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on the worst-case criterion and the constrained constant modulus approach , which exploits the constant modulus property of the desired signal .	An analysis of the optimization problem is carried out and conditions are obtained for enforcing its convexity and for adjusting its parameters .	Furthermore , low-complexity robust adaptive beamforming algorithms based on the modified conjugate gradient ( MCG ) and an alternating optimization strategy are proposed .	The proposed low-complexity algorithms can compute the existing worst-case constrained minimum variance ( WC-CMV ) and the proposed worst-case constrained constant modulus ( WC-CCM ) designs with a quadratic cost in the number of parameters .
+1	In the normal state our model reproduces features of the Fermi Surface ( FS ) observed in ARPES measurements on optimally doped Bi2212 , such as the anisotropic suppression of spectral weight around the M points of the Brillouin zone .	Within the framework of the Charge Density Wave Quantum Critical Point ( CDW-QCP ) scenario for high-T_c superconductors ( HTCS ) , we introduce a model for tight-binding electrons coupled to quasi-critical fluctuations .	The spectral density is characterized by a transfer of spectral weight from the main quasi-particle peak to dispersing shadow peaks which originate branches of a shadow FS .	In the superconducting state our model reproduces the d-wave symmetry of the gap parameter , which results from a balance between small-q attraction and large-q repulsion .	The gap parameter is enhanced due to cooperative effects of charge and spin fluctuations .
+3	We show also that the study of the structure coefficients of double-class algebras is related to the theory of Gelfand pairs and zonal spherical functions by giving , in the case of Gelfand pairs , a theorem similar to that of Frobenius which writes the structure coefficients of the double-class algebra associated to a Gelfand pair in terms of zonal spherical functions .	In this thesis we studied the structure coefficients and especially their dependence on $ n $ in the case of a sequence of double-class algebras .	The first chapter is dedicated to the study of the structure coefficients in the general cases of centers of group algebras and double-class algebras .	We recall in it the representation theory of finite groups and its link with structure coefficients .	In the second chapter , we recall the Farahat and Higman 's theorem about the polynomiality of the structure coefficients of the center of the symmetric group algebra as well as the Ivanov and Kerov 's approach to prove this theorem .
+2	Within this framework we identify the simplest scenario with CP-violating Higgs-top coupling which explains the enhanced rate of $ h\to\gamma\gamma $ , while the Higgs production cross section is unaffected .	We propose a theoretical justification for the anomalous Higgs couplings without extending the particle content of the Standard Model , but rather assuming different realization of the electroweak symmetry and the representation of the Higgs field .	Namely , the electroweak symmetry in our model is non-linearly realised with the Higgs field residing in the singlet representation of the electroweak gauge group .	Remarkably , this can be achieved with a reduced strength of the Higgs-top Yukawa coupling , $ | y_t| & lt ; | y^ { \rm SM } _t| $ , and , thus , the electroweak vacuum stability problem may also be resolved in our scenario without invoking new physics below the Planck scale .	In addition , models with the distorted Higgs sector provide a new framework for potentially successful electroweak baryogenesis .
+4	These results suggest that in the topological metal , there exist some transparent channels -- where waves propagate `` freely '' -- dominating long-time transport of the system .	We develop a non-perturbative theory to study large-scale quantum dynamics of Dirac particles in disordered scalar potentials ( the so-called `` topological metal '' ) .	For general disorder strength and carrier doping , we find that at large times , superdiffusion occurs .	I.e. , the mean squared displacement grows as $ \sim t\ln t $ .	In the static limit , our analytical theory shows that the conductance of a finite-size system obeys the scaling equation identical to that found in previous numerical studies .
+2	In this competitive environment , the number of authors per paper is increasing and apparently some co-authors do n't satisfy authorship criteria .	Appraisal of the scientific impact of researchers , teams and institutions with productivity and citation metrics has major repercussions .	Funding and promotion of individuals and survival of teams and institutions depend on publications and citations .	Listing of individual contributions is still sporadic and also open to manipulation .	Metrics are needed to measure the networking intensity for a single scientist or group of scientists accounting for patterns of co-authorship .
+1	A semi-analytical technique is used : All angular phase space integrations , five for the tree level process , seven if ISR is included , are carried out analytically .	A total and differential cross-section calculation for the Electroweak Standard Model reaction $ e^+ e^- \rightarrow ( Z^0 Z^0 ) \rightarrow f_1\bar { f_1 } f_2\bar { f_2 } ( \gamma ) $ \ including the effects of the finite $ Z^0 $ \ width and , for the first time , all QED initial state radiative corrections ( ISR ) is presented .	The remaining phase space variables are the invariant masses of the two decaying $ Z^0 $ \ bosons for tree level plus the reduced center of mass energy squared in the ISR case .	Invariant masses are submitted to high precision numerical integration .	Semi-analytical and numerical results for $ e^+ e^- $ \ center of mass energies between $ \sqrt { s } =130 $ GeV and $ 1 $ TeV are reported .
+2	In spin ice with short-range interactions up to second neighbors , there is an intermediate critical phase separated from the paramagnetic and ordered phases by Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions .	We present a numerical study of magnetic ordering in spin ice on kagome , a two-dimensional lattice of corner-sharing triangles .	The magnet has six ground states and the ordering occurs in two stages , as one might expect for a six-state clock model .	In dipolar spin ice , the intermediate phase has long-range order of staggered magnetic charges .	The high and low-temperature phase transitions are of the Ising and 3-state Potts universality classes , respectively .
+2	The role of the weak annihilation and Pauli interference contributions to the lifetime differences are described in detail .	Using the expansions of the heavy meson decay widths in the heavy quark mass and QCD sum rules for estimates of corresponding matrix elements , \ , we calculate the $ D^ { \pm , o , s } $ decay widths and the $ B^ { \pm , o , s } $ lifetime differences .	The results for D mesons are in agreement with the data , \ , while it is predicted that $ [ \Gamma ( B^o ) -\Gamma ( B^- ) ] /\Gamma_B\se 4\ % \ , , $ and the lifetime difference of the $ B^o $ and $ B_s $ mesons is even smaller .	In the course of self-consistent calculations the values of many parameters crucial for calculations with charmed and beauty mesons are found .	In particular , \ , the perturbative pole quark masses are : $ M_c\se 1.65\ , GeV , \ , \ , M_b\se 5.04\ , GeV\ , , $ and the decay constants are : $ f_D ( M_c ) \se 165\ , MeV\ , ,\ , \ , f_B ( M_b ) \se 113\ , MeV\ , $ .
+1	We particularize to the recently proposed gravitational \v { C } erenkov radiation , that happens when the spatial part of the Ricci tensor is negative .	Using traversable wormholes as theoretical background , we revisit a deep question of general relativity : Does a uniformly accelerated charged particle radiate ?	If $ ^ { ^ { ( 3+1 ) } } R^i_ { \phantom { i } i } & lt ; 0 $ , the matter threading the gravitational field violates the weak energy condition .	In this case , the effective refractive index for light is bigger than 1 , i.e.particles propagates , in that medium , faster than photons .	This leads to a violation of the equivalence principle .
+1	Nontrivial quantum moduli spaces and dynamical superpotentials are produced .	We study the quantum moduli spaces and dynamical superpotentials of four dimensional $ SU ( 2 ) ^r $ linear and ring moose theories with $ \mathcal { N } =1 $ supersymmetry and link chiral superfields in the fundamental representation .	When the moduli space is perturbed by generic tree level superpotentials , the vacuum space becomes discrete .	The ring moose is in the Coulomb phase and we find two singular submanifolds with a nontrivial modulus that is a function of all the independent gauge invariants needed to parameterize the quantum moduli space .	The massive theory near these singularities confines .
+1	These orientation-orbifold string systems provide twisted , multisector generalizations of ordinary critical open-closed bosonic string systems -- each such system exhibiting a unique graviton .	To illustrate our recent discussions of the target space-times in general orbifold-string theories of permutation-type , we return here to a detailed analysis of some simple examples of this type , namely an explicit set of orientation-orbifold string systems .	Furthermore , each sector $ \sigma $ of these string systems shows the following properties : a ) 26 effective degrees of freedom , b ) a Lorentzian space-time with space-time dimension $ D ( \sigma ) \leq 26 $ , c ) an $ SO ( D ( \sigma ) -1,1 ) $ -invariant ordinary string subsystem with quantized intercept less than or equal one , and d ) an extra set of $ ( 26-D ( \sigma ) ) $ twisted fields which are $ SO ( D ( \sigma ) -1,1 ) $ scalars .	Subexamples of non-tachyonic strings and four-dimensional strings are noted .	Additionally , we discuss certain subsets of physical states of these theories , concluding that these investigations are so far consistent with the no-ghost conjecture for all the Lorentzian orbifold-string theories of permutation-type .
+1	We obtain Plancherel formula for Berezin representations for all series of classical groups ( for large values of parameters of representations ) .	We obtain a family of matrix integrals which decompose to a product of Gamma-functions ( they have some relations with S.G.Gindikin 'Beta ' , but generally speaking essentially differ from it ) .	The Berezin representations are deformations of L^2 on Riemann noncompact symmetric spaces G/K defined by Berezin kernels , i.e powers of |det ( 1-zu^* ) | ( in matrix ball models ) .	These representations also can be obtained by restrictions of holomorphic representations of some group Q containing G as symmetric subgroup .	We also discuss models of noncompact Riemann symmetric spaces : matrix balls , matrix cones , matrix wedges , and sections of wedges .
+2	The discovery reach for Winos can be up to between 3.5 and 6 TeV depending on squark masses and Wino decay kinematics .	We analyse the prospect of extending the reach for squarks and gauginos via associated production at a $ \sqrt { s } = 100 $ TeV proton-proton collider , given 3 ab $ ^ { -1 } $ integrated luminosity .	Depending on the gluino mass , the discovery reach for squarks in associated production with a gluino can be up to 37 TeV for compressed spectra ( small gluino-LSP mass splitting ) , and up to 32 TeV for non-compressed spectra .	Binos of up to 1.7 TeV could similarly be discovered .	Squark-gaugino associated production could prove to be the discovery mode for supersymmetry at a 100 TeV collider in a large region of parameter space .
+2	van der Heijden found a numerical description for an elastic Moebius strip , but did not give an integrable solution .	Motivated by the problem of finding an explicit description of a developable narrow Moebius strip of minimal bending energy , which was first formulated by M. Sadowsky in 1930 , we will develop the theory of elastic strips .	Recently E.L. Starostin and G.H.M .	We derive two conservation laws , which describe the equilibrium equations of elastic strips .	In applying these laws we find two new classes of integrable elastic strips which correspond to spherical elastic curves .
+1	Let A , B and R be PI-algebras such that T ( R ) =T ( A ) T ( B ) .	For a PI-algebra R over a field of characteristic 0 let T ( R ) be the T-ideal of the polynomial identities of R and let c ( R , t ) be the codimension series of R ( i.e. , the generating function of the codimension sequence of R ) .	We show that if c ( A , t ) and c ( B , t ) are rational functions , then c ( R , t ) is also rational .	If c ( A , t ) is rational and c ( B , t ) is algebraic , then c ( R , t ) is also algebraic .	The proof is based on the fact that the product of two exponential generating functions behaves as the exponential generating function of the sequence of the degrees of the outer tensor products of two sequences of representations of symmetric groups .
+1	In its bulk form , black phosphorus shows high carrier mobility ( ~10000 cm2/Vs ) and a ~0.3 eV direct bandgap .	Phosphorene , an elemental 2D material , which is the monolayer of black phosphorus , has been mechanically exfoliated recently .	Well-behaved p-type field-effect transistors with mobilities of up to 1000 cm2/Vs , as well as phototransistors , have been demonstrated on few-layer black phosphorus , showing its promise for electronics and optoelectronics applications due to its high hole mobility and thickness-dependence direct bandgap .	However , p-n junctions , the basic building blocks of modern electronic and optoelectronic devices , have not yet been realized based on black phosphorus .	In this paper , we demonstrate a gate tunable p-n diode based on a p-type black phosphorus/n-type monolayer MoS2 van der Waals p-n heterojunction .
+2	We derive a generalized Wald entropy formula for non-extremal N=2 black holes with R^2-terms .	We consider the entropy of four-dimensional near-extremal N=2 black holes .	Without R^2-terms , the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula has the structure of the extremal black holes entropy with a shift of the charges depending on the non-extremality parameter and the moduli at infinity .	We construct a class of small near-extremal horizon solutions with R^2-terms .	In this case the entropy is the same as in the extremal case to order O ( mu^2 ) , and does not exhibit the charge shift behavior .
+0	The paper describes concept and implementation details of integrating a finite element module for dike stability analysis Virtual Dike into an early warning system for flood protection .	The module operates in real-time mode and includes fluid and structural sub-models for simulation of porous flow through the dike and for dike stability analysis .	Real-time measurements obtained from pore pressure sensors are fed into the simulation module , to be compared with simulated pore pressure dynamics .	Implementation of the module has been performed for a real-world test case - an earthen levee protecting a sea-port in Groningen , the Netherlands .	Sensitivity analysis and calibration of diffusivities have been performed for tidal fluctuations .
+3	A similar result will be established for symmetric cones .	In this paper a geometric characterization of the unique geodesics in Thompson 's metric spaces is presented .	This characterization is used to prove a variety of other geometric results .	Firstly , it will be shown that there exists a unique Thompson 's metric geodesic connecting $ x $ and $ y $ in the cone of positive self-adjoint elements in a unital $ C^* $ -algebra if , and only if , the spectrum of $ x^ { -1/2 } yx^ { -1/2 } $ is contained in $ \ { 1/\beta , \beta\ } $ for some $ \beta\geq 1 $ .	Secondly , it will be shown that if $ C^\circ $ is the interior of a finite-dimensional closed cone $ C $ , then the Thompson 's metric space $ ( C^\circ , d_C ) $ can be quasi-isometrically embedded into a finite-dimensional normed space if , and only if , $ C $ is a polyhedral cone .
+4	The average $ \langle\cdot\rangle $ is simultaneously performed over the symmetry group and the joint distribution of $ \ { \lambda_j^ { ( i ) } \ } $ .	We compute analytically the joint probability density of eigenvalues and the level spacing statistics for an ensemble of random matrices with interesting features .	It is invariant under the standard symmetry groups ( orthogonal and unitary ) and yet the interaction between eigenvalues is not Vandermondian .	The ensemble contains real symmetric or complex hermitian matrices $ \mathbf { S } $ of the form $ \mathbf { S } =\sum_ { i=1 } ^M \langle \mathbf { O } _i \mathbf { D } _i\mathbf { O } _i^ { \mathrm { T } } \rangle $ or $ \mathbf { S } =\sum_ { i=1 } ^M \langle \mathbf { U } _i \mathbf { D } _i\mathbf { U } _i^\dagger\rangle $ respectively .	The diagonal matrices $ \mathbf { D } _i=\mathrm { diag } \ { \lambda_1^ { ( i ) } , \ldots , \lambda_N^ { ( i ) } \ } $ are constructed from real eigenvalues drawn \emph { independently } from distributions $ p^ { ( i ) } ( x ) $ , while the matrices $ \mathbf { O } _i $ and $ \mathbf { U } _i $ are all orthogonal or unitary .
+0	Collaborative filtering analyzes user preferences for items ( e.g. , books , movies , restaurants , academic papers ) by exploiting the similarity patterns across users .	In implicit feedback settings , all the items , including the ones that a user did not consume , are taken into consideration .	But this assumption does not accord with the common sense understanding that users have a limited scope and awareness of items .	For example , a user might not have heard of a certain paper , or might live too far away from a restaurant to experience it .	In the language of causal analysis , the assignment mechanism ( i.e. , the items that a user is exposed to ) is a latent variable that may change for various user/item combinations .
+4	Finally , comparisons of hominid populations over time with fish species helped to define what constitutes taxonomically relevant differences between morphological populations as expressed among both trait size ranges and through growth patterns that begin during ontogeny .	The analysis of eight molecular datasets involving human and teleost examples along with morphological samples from several groups of Neotropical electric fish ( Order : Gymnotiformes ) were used in this thesis to test the dynamics of both intraspecific variation and interspecific diversity .	In terms of investigating molecular interspecific diversity among humans , two experimental exercises were performed .	A cladistic exchange experiment tested for the extent of discontinuity and interbreeding between H. sapiens and neanderthal populations .	As part of the same question , another experimental exercise tested the amount of molecular variance resulting from simulations which treated neanderthals as being either a local population of modern humans or as a distinct subspecies .
+3	The oscillation pattern can be explained by the interference of electron waves confined in the inclined nanographene sheets .	Superperiodic patterns were observed by STM on two kinds of finite-sized graphene sheets .	One is nanographene sheets inclined from a highly oriented pyrolitic graphite ( HOPG ) substrate and the other is several-layer-thick graphene sheets with dislocation-network structures against a HOPG substrate .	As for the former , the in-plane periodicity increased gradually in the direction of inclination , and it is easily changed by attachment of a nanographite flake on the nanographene sheets .	As for the latter , patterns and their corrugation amplitudes depended on the bias voltage and on the terrace height from the HOPG substrate .
+4	If $ |\lambda| $ approaches infinity asymptotically , the universe does not exhibit an acceleration at late times .	We study a dark energy scenario in the presence of a tachyon field $ \phi $ with potential $ V ( \phi ) $ and a barotropic perfect fluid .	The cosmological dynamics crucially depends on the asymptotic behavior of the quantity $ \lambda=-M_pV_\phi/V^ { 3/2 } $ .	If $ \lambda $ is a constant , which corresponds to an inverse square potential $ V ( \phi ) \propto \phi^ { -2 } $ , there exists one stable critical point that gives an acceleration of the universe at late times .	When $ \lambda \to 0 $ asymptotically , we can have a viable dark energy scenario in which the system approaches an `` instantaneous '' critical point that dynamically changes with $ \lambda $ .
+3	Our main contributions in this work are two folds : ( i ) a time parareal method is designed for the integral equations , which to our knowledge is the ? rst of its kind .	This paper proposes a parallel in time ( called also time parareal ) method to solve Volterra integral equations of the second kind .	The parallel in time approach follows the same spirit as the domain decomposition that consists of breaking the domain of computation into subdomains and solving iteratively the sub-problems in a parallel way .	To obtain high order of accuracy , a spectral collocation accuracy enhancement in subdomains will be employed .	The new method is an iterative process combining a coarse prediction in the whole domain with ? ne corrections in subdomains by using spectral approximation , leading to an algorithm of very high accuracy ; ( ii ) a rigorous convergence analysis of the overall method is provided .
+4	Thus , a complete framework to obtain the metric out of measurements is presented .	The fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry is inverted for analytic Christoffel symbols .	The inversion formula , henceforth dubbed Ricardo 's formula , is obtained without ancillary assumptions .	Even though Ricardo 's formula can mathematically give the full answer , it is argued that the solution should be taken only up to a constant conformal factor .	A procedure to obtain the Christoffel symbols out of unparameterized geodesics is sketched .
+4	Therefore , it is highly likely to produce a nonzero signal of the polar Kerr effect at the onset of the superconductivity , consistent with recent experiments .	An unconventional pairing mechanism in the heavy-fermion material $ \mathrm { URu_ { 2 } Si_ { 2 } } $ is studied .	We propose a mixed singlet-triplet $ d $ -density wave to be the hidden-order state in $ \mathrm { URu_ { 2 } Si_ { 2 } } $ .	The exotic order is topologically nontrivial and supports a charge $ 2e $ skyrmionic spin texture , which is assumed to fractionalize into merons and antimerons at the deconfined quantum critical point .	The interaction between these fractional particles results in a ( pseudo ) spin-singlet chiral $ d $ -wave superconducting state , which breaks time reversal symmetry .
+0	The creation of complex entangled states , resources that enable quantum computation , can be achieved via simple 'probabilistic ' operations which are individually likely to fail .	However , typical proposals exploiting this idea carry a severe overhead in terms of the accumulation of errors .	Here we describe an method that can rapidly generate large entangled states with an error accumulation that depends only logarithmically on the failure probability .	We find that the approach may be practical for success rates in the sub-10 % range , while ultimately becoming unfeasible at lower rates .	The assumptions that we make , including parallelism and high connectivity , are appropriate for real systems including measurement-induced entanglement .
+3	The mass of the third body is determined to be M3 sin i = 0.0377 ( +/-0.0043 ) Msun when a total mass of 0.617 Msun for HS 0705+6700 is adopted .	HS 0705+6700 is a short-period ( P=2.3 hours ) , close binary containing a hot sdB-type primary and a fully convective secondary .	We have monitored this eclipsing binary for more than 2 years and as a result , 32 times of light minimum were obtained .	Based on our new eclipse times together with these compiled from the literature , it is discovered that the O-C curve of HS 0705+6700 shows a cyclic variation with a period of 7.15 years and a semiamplitude of 92.4 s. The periodic change was analyzed for the light-travel time effect that may be due to the presence of a tertiary companion .	For orbital inclinations i & gt ; = 32.8 , the mass of the tertiary component would be below the stable hydrogen-burning limit of M3~0.072 Msun , and thus it would be a brown dwarf .
+1	The littlest Higgs model with discrete symmetry named `` T-parity '' ( LHT ) is one of the most promising new physics models .	With high luminosity and energy at the ILC and clean SM backgrounds , the top-charm production at the ILC should have powerful potential to probe new physics .	In this paper , we study the FC processes $ e^+e^- ( \gamma\gamma ) \to t\bar { c } $ at the ILC in the LHT model .	Our study shows that the LHT model can make a significant contribution to these processes .	When the masses of mirror quarks become large , these two processes are accessible at the ILC .
+0	A continuous field theory which describes the process of doping in high-T $ _c $ superconductors of the YBCO-type is presented .	It is shown that the introduction of dopants produces the creation of skyrmion topological excitations on the antiferromagnetic background .	The energy of these excitations is evaluated .	Destruction of the N\'eel ground state occurs for a critical value $ \delta_C $ of the doping parameter for which the skyrmion energy vanishes .	We evaluate this at zero temperature , obtaining $ \delta_C = 0.39 \pm 0.03 $ which agrees with the experimental value $ \delta_C^ { exp } = 0.41 \pm 0.02 $ .
+2	The secular equation is obtained explicitly as a polynomial not only for the metallized boundary condition but , in contrast to previous studies on the subject , also for other types of boundary conditions .	Attention is given to surface waves of shear-horizontal modes in piezoelectric crystals permitting the decoupling between an elastic in-plane Rayleigh wave and a piezoacoustic anti-plane Bleustein-Gulyaev wave .	Specifically , the crystals possess $ \bar { 4 } $ symmetry ( inclusive of $ \bar { 4 } 2 $ m , $ \bar { 4 } 3 $ m , and 23 classes ) and the boundary is any plane containing the normal to a symmetry plane ( rotated $ Y $ -cuts about the $ Z $ axis ) .	For the metallized surface problem , the secular equation is a quadratic in the squared wave speed ; for the un-metallized surface problem , it is a sextic in the squared wave speed ; for the thin conducting boundary problem , it is of degree 16 in the speed .	The relevant root of the secular equation can be identified and the complete solution is then found ( attenuation factors , field profiles , etc . ) .
+2	Here we directly follow the excited carriers in bilayer graphene on a femtosecond time scale , using ultrafast time- and angle-resolved photoemission .	Bilayer graphene is a highly promising material for electronic and optoelectronic applications since it is supporting massive Dirac fermions with a tuneable band gap .	However , no consistent picture of the gap 's effect on the optical and transport behavior has emerged so far , and it has been proposed that the insulating nature of the gap could be compromised by unavoidable structural defects , by topological in-gap states , or that the electronic structure could be altogether changed by many-body effects .	We find a behavior consistent with a single-particle band gap .	Compared to monolayer graphene , the existence of this band gap leads to an increased carrier lifetime in the minimum of the lowest conduction band .
+0	Knightian uncertainty leads naturally to nonlinear expectations .	We introduce a corresponding equilibrium concept with sublinear prices and establish their existence .	In general , such equilibria lead to Pareto inefficiency and coincide with Arrow -- Debreu equilibria only if the values of net trades are ambiguity -- free in the mean .	Without aggregate uncertainty , inefficiencies arise generically .	We introduce a constrained efficiency concept , uncertainty -- neutral efficiency and show that Knight -- Walras equilibrium allocations are efficient in this constrained sense .
+2	In non-equilibrium situation , both the vacuum and the one-particle state lose their stability .	Quantum field theory is constructed upon the assumption of stabilities of the vacuum and of the one-particle state .	For finite temperature , the one-particle state becomes unstable because of thermal fluctuations , whereas the thermal vacuum is still stable .	Proposed is the introduction of the { \it reference vacuum } which takes care of thermal and non-adiabatic time-evolution of a system , and produces a time-dependent Fock 's representation space .	This may provide us with an extension of the concept of { \it dynamical mapping } where a migration among unitary inequivalent representation spaces can be handled for non-equilibrium and dissipative systems .
+2	Here , the collinear structure in transverse Drell-Yan is investigated in detail using dimensional regularization and the correct behaviour is found , although the mechanism is non-trivial .	The proton 's transversity distribution will be measured at BNL 's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in upcoming experiments using the transverse Drell-Yan process .	Understanding the one-loop corrections is therefore important .	The resulting n-dimensional transversity splitting function ( and consequently the one-loop transversity distribution and its two-loop evolution ) is found to be the same in both the anticommuting-gamma_5 scheme and the HVBM scheme .	Alternative schemes are considered .
+4	In addition , we investigate the nature of the emission line brightness asymmetry in MRC 0406-244 : we conclude that this asymmetry is due to an asymmetry in the mass of ionized gas , confirming the scenario of McCarthy , van Breugel & amp ; Kapahi , and leading us to reject that of Gopal-Krishna & amp ; Wiita .	In this letter , we investigate the nature of the dramatic `super-bubble ' emission structures associated with the z=2.44 radio galaxy MRC 0406-244 , using rest-frame optical spectroscopy and an archival HST NICMOS image .	Based on the optical line ratios and the HST morphology , we conclude that the gas in the superbubbles is photoionized by the obscured active nucleus .	We suggest that this type of structure might be related to the spatially extended HI absorbers that are detected in front of many high-z radio galaxies .	We also suggest that we may be witnessing the destruction of the extended emission line region .
+4	Another candidate , which may appear in the models with infinite extra dimensions , is a quasistable charged particle decaying through tunneling into extra dimensions .	We consider a possibility to explain the observed suppression of the second acoustic peak in the anisotropy spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) by interaction between a fraction of non-baryonic Cold Dark Matter ( CDM ) and normal baryonic matter .	This scenario does not require any modifications in the standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis ( BBN ) .	We estimate the required values of the cross-section-to-mass ratio for elastic scattering of CDM particles off baryons .	In case of velocity-independent elastic scattering ( in the velocity interval 10^ { -5 } -- 10^ { -3 } ) we find that such particles do not contradict observational limits if they are heavier than \sim 10^5 GeV or lighter than \sim 0.5 GeV .
+4	In particular , we show that the Coulomb branch of SU ( 2 ) gauge group with a single massive adjoint hypermultiplet coincides with the above two caloron moduli space .	We employ the ADHM method to derive the moduli space of two instantons in U ( 1 ) gauge theory on a noncommutative space .	We show by an explicit hyperK\ '' ahler quotient construction that the relative metric of the moduli space of two instantons on $ R^4 $ is the Eguchi-Hanson metric and find a unique threshold bound state .	For two instantons on $ R^3\times S^1 $ , otherwise known as calorons , we give the asymptotic metric and conjecture a completion .	We further discuss the relationship of caloron moduli spaces of A , D and E groups to the Coulomb branches of three dimensional gauge theory .
+2	Relativistically , one has to introduce an extra conserved U ( 1 ) current and an extra three-dimensional scalar field which is condensed .	We consider selected topics of relativistic superfluidity within gauge/string duality .	Non-relativistically , the only conservation law relevant to the hydrodynamic approximation is the energy-momentum conservation .	Finding out a proper U ( 1 ) symmetry becomes a crucial point .	We emphasize that in dual models there do arise extra U ( 1 ) symmetries associated with wrapping of the strings around ( extra ) compact directions in Euclidean space-time .
+2	Moreover , nuclear starburst luminosity is more strongly correlated with the AGN luminosity normalized with AGN Eddington luminosity than is circumnuclear starburst luminosity .	We investigated the correlation between nuclear/circumnuclear starbursts around the active galactic nuclei ( AGNs ) and the AGN activities for 43 Seyfert galaxies in the CfA and 12 micron samples .	We found that circumnuclear starburst luminosity as well as nuclear starburst luminosity are positively correlated with AGN luminosity .	This implies that starbursts nearer the AGN could have a greater effect on AGN mass accretion .	We also discuss these results from the viewpoint of the radiation effects from starbursts and sequential starbursts .
+1	Holographic duality provides a systematic new approach to studying quantum turbulence by mapping the dynamics of certain quantum theories onto the dynamics of classical gravity .	Superfluid turbulence , often referred to as quantum turbulence , is a fascinating phenomenon for which a satisfactory theoretical framework is lacking .	We use this gravitational description to numerically construct turbulent flows in a holographic superfluid in two spatial dimensions .	We find that the superfluid kinetic energy spectrum obeys the Kolmogorov -5/3 scaling law , as it does for turbulent flows in normal fluids .	We trace this scaling to a direct energy cascade by injecting energy at long wavelengths and watching it flow to a short-distance scale set by the vortex core size , where dissipation by vortex annihilation and vortex drag becomes efficient .
+0	We formally characterize a set of causality-based properties of metabolic networks .	This set of properties aims at making precise several notions on the production of metabolites , which are familiar in the biologists ' terminology .	From a theoretical point of view , biochemical reactions are abstractly represented as causal implications and the produced metabolites as causal consequences of the implication representing the corresponding reaction .	The fact that a reactant is produced is represented by means of the chain of reactions that have made it exist .	Such representation abstracts away from quantities , stoichiometric and thermodynamic parameters and constitutes the basis for the characterization of our properties .
+4	The main benefits of the proposed approach are its simplicity , easiness of implementation , competitive performance and efficiency .	This paper introduces principal motion components ( PMC ) , a new method for one-shot gesture recognition .	In the considered scenario a single training-video is available for each gesture to be recognized , which limits the application of traditional techniques ( e.g. , HMMs ) .	In PMC , a 2D map of motion energy is obtained per each pair of consecutive frames in a video .	Motion maps associated to a video are processed to obtain a PCA model , which is used for recognition under a reconstruction-error approach .
+1	Gerhard has suggested that dynamical friction , which causes a cluster to lose orbital energy and spiral in toward the Galactic center , may explain the presence of a cluster of very young stars in the central parsec , where star formation might be prohibitively difficult because of strong tidal forces .	Numerical simulations of the dynamical friction suffered by a Galactic center star cluster harboring an intermediate-mass black hole ( IMBH ) have been performed .	However , numerical simulations by Kim & amp ; Morris showed that this is only possible if the cluster initially has an extremely dense core .	Hansen & amp ; Milosavljevic recently suggested that the presence of an IMBH in the cluster core might stabilize the core against tidal disruption during the inspiral through dynamical friction , and thus might easily deliver young stars down to the central parsec .	We find that the presence of an IMBH does lower the minimum initial core density required to transport young stars down to the central parsec , but this is possible only when the mass of the IMBH is at least ~10 % of the total cluster mass .
+4	Schedule slips , buggy releases and missing features can mean the end of the project or even financial ruin for a company .	The software process model consists of a set of activities undertaken to design , develop and maintain software systems .	A variety of software process models have been designed to structure , describe and prescribe the software development process .	The software process models play a very important role in software development , so it forms the core of the software product .	Software project failure is often devastating to an organization .
+2	This situation resembles the case where a base station relays messages between users and delivers messages between the backbone system and the users .	We study the capacity region of a deterministic 4-node network , where 3 nodes can only communicate via the fourth one .	However , the fourth node is not merely a relay since it can exchange private messages with all other nodes .	We assume an asymmetric scenario where the channel between any two nodes is not reciprocal .	First , an upper bound on the capacity region is obtained based on the notion of single sided genie .
+2	Two widely used liquids , R114 and C4F10 , one for neutron detection and the other for WIMPs dark matter search experiment , have been compared .	Energy calibration of superheated droplet detector is discussed in terms of the effective recoil nucleus threshold energy and the reduced superheat .	This provides a universal energy calibration curve valid for different liquids used in this type of detector .	Liquid having recoil nuclei with larger values of LET provides better neutron and gamma discrimination .	Gamma response of C4F10 has also been studied and the results are discussed .
+2	Numerical results for dots with different number of electrons whose ground-state is described within a local Current Density Functional Theory are discussed .	We have investigated edge modes of different multipolarity sustained by quantum dots submitted to external magnetic fields .	We present a microscopic description based on a variational solution of the equation of motion for any axially symmetric confining potential and multipole mode .	Two sum rules , which are exact within this theory , are derived .	In the limit of a large neutral dot at B=0 , we have shown that the classical hydrodynamic dispersion law for edge waves \omega ( q ) \sim \sqrt { q \ln ( q_0/q ) } holds when quantum and finite size effects are taken into account .
+1	It is seen that during a certain time interval the time-evolving transmission probability increases compared to the corresponding unperturbed cases .	Scattering of a Gaussian wavepacket from rectangular potential barriers with increasing widths or heights is studied numerically .	In the literature this effect is known as superarrival in transmission probability .	We present a trajectory-based explanation for this effect by using the concept of quantum potential energy and computing a selection of Bohmian trajectories .	Relevant parameters in superarrivals are determined for the case that the barrier width increases linearly during the dispersion of the wavepacket .
+1	Our sample consists of galaxies with secure spectroscopic redshifts observed in the COSMOS field .	We investigate the evolution of compact galaxy number density over the redshift range $ 0.2 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.8 $ .	With the large uncertainties , the compact galaxy number density trend with redshift is consistent with a constant value over the interval $ 0.2 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.8 $ .	Our number density estimates are similar to the estimates at $ z & gt ; 1 $ for equivalently selected compact samples .	Small variations in the abundance of the COSMOS compact sources as a function of redshift correspond to known structures in the field .
+0	It is well known that the linear stability of the Lagrangian elliptic solutions in the classical planar three-body problem depends on a mass parameter $ \beta $ and on the eccentricity $ e $ of the orbit .	We consider only the circular case ( $ e = 0 $ ) but under the action of a broader family of singular potentials : $ \alpha $ -homogeneous potentials , for $ \alpha \in ( 0,2 ) $ , and the logarithmic one .	It turns out indeed that the Lagrangian circular orbit persists also in this more general setting .	We discover a region of linear stability expressed in terms of the homogeneity parameter $ \alpha $ and the mass parameter $ \beta $ , then we compute the Morse index of this orbit and of its iterates and we find that the boundary of the stability region is the envelope of a family of curves on which the Morse indices of the iterates jump .	In order to conduct our analysis we rely on a Maslov-type index theory devised and developed by Y.~Long , X.~Hu and S.~Sun ; a key role is played by an appropriate index theorem and by some precise computations of suitable Maslov-type indices .
+2	It is one of the main production programs of the QCDSF collaboration .	We publish BQCD as free software under the GNU General Public License .	BQCD is a Hybrid Monte-Carlo program that simulates lattice QCD with dynamical Wilson fermions .	The program can simulate 2 and 2 + 1 fermion flavours with pure , clover improved , and stout smeared fat link Wilson fermions as well as standard plaquette , and an improved ( rectangle ) gauge action .	The single flavour is simulated with the Rational Hybrid Monte-Carlo algorithm .
+4	We deduce the strong convergence of our estimators on the whole real half-line without any additional assumptions and their asymptotic normality under conditions concerning only the observed distribution .	A model for competing ( resp .	complementary ) risks survival data where the failure time can be left ( resp .	right ) censored is proposed .	Product-limit estimators for the survival functions of the individual risks are derived .
+2	We present a solution to this problem that does not require an extension of the MSSM at the weak scale .	Weak scale supersymmetry has a generic problem of fine-tuning in reproducing the correct scale for electroweak symmetry breaking .	The problem is particularly severe in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model ( MSSM ) .	Superparticle masses are generated by a comparable mixture of moduli and anomaly mediated contributions , and the messenger scale of supersymmetry breaking is effectively lowered to the TeV region .	Crucial elements for the solution are a large A term for the top squarks and a small B term for the Higgs doublets .
+4	In this paper , we propose a CPT violating mass matrix which can give rise to the above differences in both mass-squared difference and mixing angle and study the constraints imposed by the data on the parameters of the mass matrix .	The neutrino parameters determined from the solar neutrino data and the anti-neutrino parameters determined from KamLAND reactor experiment are in good agreement with each other .	However , the best fit points of the two sets differ from each other by about $ 10^ { -5 } $ eV $ ^2 $ in mass-square differenc and by about $ 2^\circ $ in the mixing angle .	Future solar neutrino and reactor anti-neutrino experiments are likely to reduce the uncertainties in these measurements .	This , in turn , can lead to a signal for CPT violation in terms a non-zero difference between neutrino and anti-neutrino parameters .
+2	It has been conjectured that the n for which the coefficient of x^n in 1/ [ i ] is 1 form a set of density 0 .	Suppose l=2m+1 , m & gt ; 0 .	We introduce m `` theta-series '' , [ 1 ] , ... , [ m ] , in Z/2 [ [ x ] ] .	This is probably always false , but in certain cases , for n restricted to certain arithmetic progressions , it is true .	We prove such zero-density results using the theory of modular forms , and speculate about what may be true in general .
+0	The baryon number is violated in the Standard Model by non-perturbative sphaleron transitions .	At temperatures above the electroweak scale , the rate of the sphaleron transitions is unsuppressed and has been accurately measured using effective theories on the lattice .	At temperatures substantially below the electroweak scale , the Higgs field expectation value is large and the sphaleron rate is strongly suppressed .	Here analytical estimates are sufficient .	The sphaleron rate , however , has not been calculated in the intermediate temperature range with physical Standard Model parameters .
+0	The world volume theory on N regular and M fractional D3-branes at the conifold singularity is a non-conformal n=1 supersymmetric SU ( N+M ) x SU ( N ) gauge theory .	In previous work the Type IIB supergravity dual of this theory was constructed to leading non-trivial order in M/N : it is the AdS_5 x T^ { 1,1 } background with NS-NS and R-R 2-form fields turned on .	Far in the UV this dual description was shown to reproduce the logarithmic flow of couplings found in the field theory .	In this paper we study the supersymmetric RG flow at all scales .	We introduce an ansatz for the 10-d metric and other fields and show that the equations of motion may be derived in first order form from a simple superpotential .
+4	In the region of 35 % -55 % porosity , the energy distributions of the acoustic emission signals are compatible with a power law behavior over two decades in energy with an exponent \epsilon = 1.8+/-0.1 .	We study the acoustic emission avalanches during the failure process of porous alumina samples ( Al2O3 ) under compression .	Specimens with different porosities ranging from 30 % to 59 % have been synthetized from a mixture of fine-grained alumina and graphite .	The compressive strength as well as the characteristics of the acoustic activity have been determined .	The statistical analysis of the recorded acoustic emission pulses reveals , for all porosities , a broad distribution of energies with a fat tail , compatible with the existence of an underlying critical point .
+4	We show analytically , and confirm by our simulations , that the collimation of a jet depends on its radial current distribution , which in turn is prescribed by the mass load .	( Abriged ) We present a comprehensive set of axisymmetric , time-dependent simulations of jets from Keplerian disks whose mass loading as a function of disk radius is systematically changed .	For a reasonable model for the density structure and injection speed of the underlying accretion disk , mass loading is determined by the radial structure of the disk 's magnetic field structure .	We vary this structure by using four different magnetic field configurations , ranging from the `` potential '' configuration ( Ouyed & amp ; Pudritz 1997 ) , to the increasingly more steeply falling Blandford & amp ; Payne ( 1982 ) and Pelletier & amp ; Pudritz ( 1992 ) models , and ending with a quite steeply raked configuration that bears similarities to the Shu X-wind model .	We find that the radial distribution of the mass load has a profound effect on both the rotational profile of the underlying jet as well as the degree of collimation of its outflow velocity and magnetic field lines .
+3	We are able to carefully tune the net spin Hall current in depinning experiments on Pt/Co/Pt nanowires , offering unique control over CIDWM .	Perpendicularly magnetized materials have attracted tremendous interest due to their high anisotropy , which results in extremely narrow , nano-sized domain walls .	As a result , the recently studied current-induced domain wall motion ( CIDWM ) in these materials promises to enable a novel class of data , memory , and logic devices .	In this letter , we propose the spin Hall effect as a radically new mechanism for CIDWM .	Furthermore , we determine that the depinning efficiency is intimately related to the internal structure of the domain wall , which we control by small fields along the nanowire .
+2	This equation naturally appears as a part of a set of the quantum hydrodynamics ( QHD ) equations .	Spin-current is an important physical quantity in present day spintronics and it might be very usefull in the physics of quantum plasma of spinning particles .	Thus it is important to have an equation of the spin-current evolution .	Consequently , we present the set of the QHD equations derived from the many-particle microscopic Schrodinger equation , which consists of the continuity equation , the Euler equation , the Bloch equation and equation of the spin-current evolution .	We use these equations to study dispersion of the collective excitations in the three dimensional samples of the magnetized dielectrics .
+3	The situation is different when matter effects are sizable .	We perform a comparison of the different future neutrino oscillation experiments based on the achievable precision in the determination of the fundamental parameters theta_ { 13 } and the CP phase , delta , assuming that theta_ { 13 } is in the range indicated by the recent Daya Bay measurement .	We study the non-trivial dependence of the error on delta on its true value .	When matter effects are small , the largest error is found at the points where CP violation is maximal , and the smallest at the CP conserving points .	As a result of this effect , the comparison of the physics reach of different experiments on the basis of the CP discovery potential , as usually done , can be misleading .
+3	Phenomenology of mature topics , 2.1 Bose-Einstein correlations , 2.2 Fluctuations , 2.3 Phenomenology of QCD and other dynamics , 3 .	This is the summary talk of the Nijmegen Workshop .	The topics are : 1 .	Introduction , 2 .	Experiments not driven by conventional theory , 3.1 Search for DCC , 3.2 Soft-photon production , 4 .
+3	The author-dependency effect is not caused by the author 's vocabulary ( common words used in different texts ) , and is confirmed by several alternative means .	We study rank-frequency relations for phonemes , the minimal units that still relate to linguistic meaning .	We show that these relations can be described by the Dirichlet distribution , a direct analogue of the ideal-gas model in statistical mechanics .	This description allows us to demonstrate that the rank-frequency relations for phonemes of a text do depend on its author .	This suggests that it can be directly related to phonemes .
+1	The starting point is a map on a two-dimensional sphere , consisting of four stages of continuous geometrically evident transformations .	A non-autonomous flow system is introduced with an attractor of Plykin type that may serve as a base for elaboration of real systems and devices demonstrating the structurally stable chaotic dynamics .	The computations indicate that in a certain parameter range the map has a uniformly hyperbolic attractor .	It may be represented on a plane by means of a stereographic projection .	Accounting structural stability , a modification of the model is undertaken to obtain a set of two non-autonomous differential equations of the first order with smooth coefficients .
+1	Using representative models for each environment we derive fundamental descriptions of the coupling of the constituent parts to each other and to the electric and magnetic fields , and we examine the variation in magnetization of the ionized component .	We review our understanding of ionized plasma and neutral gas coupling in the weakly ionized , stratified , electromagnetically-permeated regions of the Sun 's chromosphere and Earth 's ionosphere/thermosphere .	Using these descriptions we compare related phenomena in the two environments , and discuss electric currents , energy transfer and dissipation .	We present a coupled theoretical and numerical study of plasma instabilities in the two environments that serves as an example of how the chromospheric and ionospheric communities can further collaborate .	We also suggest future collaborative studies that will help improve our understanding of these two different atmospheres which share many similarities , but have large disparities in key quantities .
+0	We present evidence that super giant HII regions ( GHRs ) and other disk regions of the nearby spiral galaxy , M33 , occupy distinct locations in the correlation between molecular gas , $ \Sigma_ { \rm H_2 } $ , and the star formation rate surface density , $ \Sigma_ { \rm SFR } $ .	This result is based on wide field and high sensitivity CO ( 3-2 ) observations at 100 pc resolution .	Star formation efficiencies ( SFE ) , defined as $ \Sigma_ { \rm SFR } $ / $ \Sigma_ { \rm H_2 } $ , in GHRs are found to be about 1 dex higher than in other disk regions .	The CO ( 3-2 ) /CO ( 1-0 ) integrated intensity ratio is also higher than the average over the disk .	Such high SFE and CO ( 3-2 ) /CO ( 1-0 ) can reach the values found in starburst galaxies , which suggests that GHRs may be the elements building up a larger scale starburst region .
+3	It follows from scaling relations that in regime III the correlation length exponent \nu is given by \nu= ( l+g ) /2g , where l is the level and g is the dual Coxeter number .	We obtain the free energies and critical exponents of models associated with elliptic solutions of the star-triangle relation and reflection equation .	The models considered are related to the affine Lie algebras A_1^ { ( 1 ) } , B_n^ { ( 1 ) } , C_n^ { ( 1 ) } and D_n^ { ( 1 ) } .	The bulk and surface specific heat exponents are seen to satisfy the scaling relation 2\alpha_s = \alpha_b + 2 .	In regime II we find \nu= ( l+g ) /2l .
+3	We built artificial samples of porous media with different porosities and used Sailfish to simulate the fluid flow through in order to calculate permeability and tortuosity .	In this work we show the application of Sailfish to the study of fluid dynamics in porous media .	Sailfish is an open-source software based on the lattice-Boltzmann method .	This application of computational fluid dynamics is of particular interest to the oil and gas industry and the subject could be a starting point for an undergraduate or graduate student in physics or engineering .	We also present a simple way to obtain the specific superficial area of porous media using Python libraries .
+3	We analyzed all flares above the C1 level since the start of the EVE observation ( May 2010 ) to determine the flare fluence distribution in 16 lines covering a large range of temperature , several of which were not studied before .	Solar flares result in an increase of the solar irradiance at all wavelengths .	While the distribution of the flare fluence observed in coronal emission has been widely studied and found to scale as f ( E ) ~ E^ { -\alpha } , with \alpha slightly below 2 , the distribution of the flare fluence in chromospheric lines is poorly known .	We used the solar irradiance measurements observed by the SDO/EVE instrument at a 10s-cadence to investigate if there is a dependency of the scaling exponent on the formation region of the lines ( or temperature ) .	Our results show a small downward trend with the temperature of the scaling exponent of the PDF , going from above 2 at lower temperature ( a few 10^4 K ) to about1.8 for hot coronal emission ( several 10^6 K ) .
+2	It models words as distributions over these contexts and represents them as vectors in high dimensional spaces .	This thesis is about the problem of compositionality in distributional semantics .	Distributional semantics presupposes that the meanings of words are a function of their occurrences in textual contexts .	The problem of compositionality for such models concerns itself with how to produce representations for larger units of text by composing the representations of smaller units of text .	This thesis focuses on a particular approach to this compositionality problem , namely using the categorical framework developed by Coecke , Sadrzadeh , and Clark , which combines syntactic analysis formalisms with distributional semantic representations of meaning to produce syntactically motivated composition operations .
+0	Three state-space based methods were tested in relation to the ability to detect unidirectional coupling and synchronization of interconnected dynamical systems .	The ? rst method , based on measure named M , was introduced by Andrzejak et al.in 2003 [ 1 ] .	The second one , based on measure L , was described in 2009 by Chicharro et al . [ 5 ] .	The third method , called convergent cross-mapping , came from Sugihara et al. , 2012 [ 28 ] .	The methods were compared on 9 test examples of uni-directionally connected chaotic systems of H\'enon , R\ '' ossler and Lorenz type .
+0	Due to atomic interactions and dispersion in the total atom number , the order parameter of a pair-condensed Fermi gas experiences a collapse in a time that we derive microscopically .	As in the bosonic case , this blurring time depends on the derivative of the gas chemical potential with respect to the atom number and on the variance of that atom number .	The result is obtained first using linearized time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations , then in the Random Phase Approximation , and then it is generalized to beyond mean field .	In this framework , we construct and compare two phase operators for the paired fermionic field : The first one , issued from our study of the dynamics , is the infinitesimal generator of adiabatic translations in the total number of pairs .	The second one is the phase operator of the amplitude of the field of pairs on the condensate mode .
+1	In particular , I show how the symmetry algebra of the standard 2-D Kepler system , which was identified by Daboul and Slodowy as an infinite-dimensional Kac-Moody loop algebra , and was denoted by $ { \mathbb H } _2 $ , gets reduced by the symmetry breaking term , defined by the Hamiltonian \ [ H ( \beta ) = \frac 1 { 2m } ( p_1^2+p_2^2 ) - \frac \alpha r - \beta r^ { -1/2 } \cos ( ( \phi-\gamma ) /2 ) .	I investigate contractions via Kac-Moody formalism .	\ ] For this $ H ( \beta ) $ I define two symmetry loop algebras $ { \mathfrak L } _ { i } ( \beta ) , i=1,2 $ , by choosing the `basic generators ' differently .	These $ { \mathfrak L } _ { i } ( \beta ) $ can be mapped isomorphically onto subalgebras of $ { \mathbb H } _2 $ , of codimension 2 or 3 , revealing the reduction of symmetry .	Both factor algebras $ { \mathfrak L } _i ( \beta ) /I_i ( E , \beta ) $ , relative to the corresponding energy-dependent ideals $ I_i ( E , \beta ) $ , are isomorphic to $ { \mathfrak so } ( 3 ) $ and $ { \mathfrak so } ( 2,1 ) $ for $ E & lt ; 0 $ and $ E & gt ; 0 $ , respectively , just as for the pure Kepler case .
+0	We study the single transverse-spin asymmetry for the inclusive direct-photon and single-jet productions in the proton-proton collision based on the twist-3 mechanism in the collinear factorization .	Taking into account all the effects from the twist-3 quark-gluon correlation functions inside a transversely polarized proton , we present a prediction for the asymmetries at the typical RHIC kinematics .	In both processes we find sizable asymmetries in the forward region of the polarized proton while they are almost zero in the backward region .	This implies that if one finds a nonzero asymmetries in the backward region in these processes , it should be ascribed wholely to the three-gluon correlations .	We also find the soft-gluon pole contribution is dominant and the soft-fermion pole contribution is negligible in the whole Feynman-x region for these asymmetries .
+1	These powerful systems could be the further reliable distance indicators after SNeIa supernovae .	Gamma ray burst ( GRBs ) can be used to constrain cosmological parameters from medium up to very high redshift .	We consider GRBs samples to achieve the luminosity distance to redshift relation and derive the values of the cosmographic parameters considering several possible scaling relations .	GRBs , if calibrated by SNeIa , seem reliable as distance indicators and give cosmographic parameters in good agreement with the LCDM model .	GRBs correlations with neutrino and gravitational wave signals are also investigated in view of high energy neutrino experiments and gravitational wave detectors as LIGO-VIRGO .
+1	The scheme is consistent in the sense that it allows for a discrete in time energy inequality .	A new time discretization scheme for the numerical simulation of two-phase flow governed by a thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model is presented .	An adaptive spatial discretization is proposed that conserves the energy inequality in the fully discrete setting by applying a suitable post processing step to the adaptive cycle .	For the fully discrete scheme a quasi-reliable error estimator is derived which estimates the error both of the flow velocity , and of the phase field .	The validity of the energy inequality in the fully discrete setting is numerically investigated .
+3	However , we present the second-order effective action for vector perturbations and find no normalisable zero-mode in the absence of matter sources .	We study vector perturbations about four-dimensional brane-world cosmologies embedded in a five-dimensional vacuum bulk .	Even in the absence of matter perturbations , vector perturbations in the bulk metric can support vector metric perturbations on the brane .	We show that during de Sitter inflation on the brane vector perturbations in the bulk obey the same wave equation for a massless five-dimensional field as found for tensor perturbations .	The spectrum of normalisable states is a continuum of massive modes that remain in the vacuum state during inflation .
+4	Finally , the experimental results are compared to Lifshitz 's theory and found to be consistent for the materials used in the experiment .	In this work , we present detailed measurements of the Casimir-Lifshitz force between two gold surfaces ( a sphere and a plate ) immersed in ethanol and study the effect of residual electrostatic forces , which are dominated by static fields within the apparatus and can be reduced with proper shielding .	Electrostatic forces are further reduced by Debye screening through the addition of salt ions to the liquid .	Additionally , the salt leads to a reduction of the Casimir-Lifshitz force by screening the zero-frequency contribution to the force ; however , the effect is small between gold surfaces at the measured separations and within experimental error .	An improved calibration procedure is described and compared to previous methods .
+2	Such systems also help many businesses to achieve more profits to sustain in their filed against their rivals .	Recommendation system is a type of information filtering systems that recommend various objects from a vast variety and quantity of items which are of the user interest .	This results in guiding an individual in personalized way to interesting or useful objects in a large space of possible options .	But looking at the amount of information which a business holds it becomes difficult to identify the items of user interest .	Therefore personalization or user profiling is one of the challenging tasks that give access to user relevant information which can be used in solving the difficult task of classification and ranking items according to an individuals interest .
+0	Full formal descriptions of algorithms making use of quantum principles must take into account both quantum and classical computing components and assemble them so that they communicate and cooperate .	Moreover , to model concurrent and distributed quantum computations , as well as quantum communication protocols , quantum to quantum communications which move qubits physically from one place to another must also be taken into account .	Inspired by classical process algebras , which provide a framework for modeling cooperating computations , a process algebraic notation is defined , named QPAlg for Quantum Process Algebra , which provides a homogeneous style to formal descriptions of concurrent and distributed computations comprising both quantum and classical parts .	On the quantum side , QPAlg provides quantum variables , operations on quantum variables ( unitary operators and measurement observables ) , as well as new forms of communications involving the quantum world .	The operational semantics makes sure that these quantum objects , operations and communications operate according to the postulates of quantum mechanics .
+2	Using X-ray diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy , the solubility limit of C in MgB2 was estimated to be about 15 ( +/- ) 1 % , which is substantially larger than that reported for the polycrystalline samples synthesized by encapsulation techniques .	Carbon-substituted MgB2 single crystals , Mg ( B_1-xC_x ) _2 of 0.3-1.0 mm size were grown for x=0.02-0.15 by a high-pressure technique .	The doping dependence of lattice constants studied in a range of x=0.0-0.2 shows a monotonic decrease in a , while the c parameter remains almost invariant .	Measurements of temperature dependence of magnetization and resistivity showed a dramatic decrease in Tc with C-substitution , followed by complete suppression of superconductivity for x & gt ; 0.125 .	Resistivity measurements in magnetic fields parallel and perpendicular to the basal plane of the crystals showed a nearly isotropic state in the heavily-doped crystals ( x & gt ; 0.1 ) .
+2	Curiously , in the optical domain , observations of such phase transitions remain elusive .	Correlated phases of matter provide long-term stability for systems as diverse as solids , magnets , and potential exotic quantum materials .	Mechanical systems , such as relays and buckling transition spring switches can yield similar stability by exploiting non-equilibrium phase transitions .	However , efforts to integrate optical and mechanical systems -- optomechanics -- suggest that a hybrid approach combining the quantum control of optical systems with the engineerability of mechanical systems may provide a new avenue for such explorations .	Here we report the first observation of the buckling of an optomechanical system , in which transitions between stable mechanical states corresponding to both first- and second-order phase transitions are driven by varying laser power and detuning .
+4	Instead we consider two possible sources of the hard emission : the outer arcs may be due to thermal radiation of hot intracluster gas compressed at the bow shock .	We present results of analysis of a Chandra observation of Cygnus A in which the X-ray hotspots at the ends of the jets are mapped in detail .	A hardness map reveals previously unknown structure in the form of outer and inner hard arcs around the hotspots , with hardness significantly enhanced compared with the hotspot central regions .	The outer hard arcs may constitute the first detection of the bow shock ; the inner hard arcs may reveal where the jets impact on the hotspots .	We argue that these features can not result from electrons radiating by the synchrotron self-Compton process .
+3	{ \bf 73 } , 1497 ( 1994 ) ) , the sub-leading terms $ \sim b^ { 2 } $ being different .	We study spectral statistics of a Gaussian unitary critical ensemble of almost diagonal Hermitian random matrices with off-diagonal entries $ & lt ; |H_ { ij } |^ { 2 } & gt ; \sim b^ { 2 } |i-j|^ { -2 } $ small compared to diagonal ones $ & lt ; |H_ { ii } |^ { 2 } & gt ; \sim 1 $ .	Using the recently suggested method of { \it virial expansion } in the number of interacting energy levels ( J.Phys.A { \bf 36 } ,8265 ( 2003 ) ) , we calculate a coefficient $ \propto b^ { 2 } \ll 1 $ in the level compressibility $ \chi ( b ) $ .	We demonstrate that only the leading terms in $ \chi ( b ) $ coincide for this model and for an exactly solvable model suggested by Moshe , Neuberger and Shapiro ( Phys.Rev.Lett .	Numerical data confirms our analytical calculation .
+1	In the latter turbulent spots can grow and form continuous stripes , yet in the stripe-normal direction they remain interspersed by laminar fluid .	Laminar-turbulent intermittency is intrinsic to the transitional regime of a wide range of fluid flows including pipe , channel , boundary layer and Couette flow .	We carry out direct numerical simulations in a long narrow domain and observe that individual turbulent stripes are transient .	In agreement with recent observations in pipe flow we find that turbulence becomes sustained at a distinct critical point once the spatial proliferation outweighs the inherent decaying process .	By resolving the asymptotic size distributions close to criticality we can for the first time demonstrate scale invariance at the onset of turbulence .
+3	Later Jancar and Srba established the undecidability of the weak bisimilarity for disjoint epsilon-pushing PDA and disjoint epsilon-popping PDA .	Senizergues has proved that language equivalence is decidable for disjoint epsilon-deterministic PDA .	Stirling has showed that strong bisimilarity is decidable for PDA .	On the negative side Srba demonstrated that the weak bisimilarity is undecidable for normed PDA .	These decidability and undecidability results are extended in the present paper .
+4	Finally , in some processes as for example $ BR ( B^- \to \eta^ { \prime } K^- ) $ , we claim that one has to add SUSY contributions to the Wilson coefficients .	B decays are a subject of active research since they provide useful information on the dynamics of strong and electroweak interactions for testing the Standard Model ( SM ) and models beyond and are ideally suited for a critical analysis of CP violation phenomena .	Within the standard model , there exist certain relations between CP violating rate differences in B decays in the SU ( 3 ) limit , as for example $ \Delta ( \bar { B } ^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^- ) = - \Delta ( \bar { B } ^0 \to \pi^+ K^- ) $ .	The goal of this letter is to study the direct CP violation asymmetry in a class of processes where there has been recent theoretical progress , as for example the B decays into two light pseudoscalars mesons and into a light pseudoscalar and a light vector meson .	We identify relations between rate asymmetries which are valid in the SU ( 3 ) limit in the standard model and we compute SU ( 3 ) breaking corrections to them , going beyond the naive factorization by using the QCD improved factorization model of Beneke { \it et al . } .
+3	The study is performed by means of atomistic spin dynamics simulations coupled to first-principles calculations .	It has recently been shown that domain walls in ferromagnets can be moved in the presence of thermal gradients .	In this work we study the motion of narrow domain walls in low-dimensional systems when subjected to thermal gradients .	The system chosen is a monolayer of Fe on W ( 1 1 0 ) which is known to exhibit a large anisotropy while having a soft exchange , resulting in a very narrow domain wall .	By subjecting the systems to a thermal gradient we observe a temperature dependent movement of the domain wall as well as changes of the spatial magnetization profile of the system .
+4	The effects of an applied bias voltage on the single-particle density of states and on the differential conductances are discussed for Kondo and non-Kondo systems .	Resonant tunnelling through an Anderson impurity is investigated by employing a new perturbation scheme at nonequilibrium .	This new approach gives the correct weak and strong coupling limit in $ U $ by introducing adjustable parameters in the self-energy and imposing self-consistency of the occupation number of the impurity .	We have found that the zero-temperature linear response conductance agrees well with that obtained from the exact sum rule .	At finite temperature the conductance shows a nonzero minimum at the Kondo valley , as shown in recent experiments .
+0	The persistence phenomenon is studied in the Japanese financial market by using a novel mapping of the time evolution of the values of shares quoted on the Nikkei Index onto Ising spins .	The method is applied to historical end of day data from the Japanese stock market during 2002 .	By studying the time dependence of the spins , we find clear evidence for a double-power law decay of the proportion of shares that remain either above or below ` starting\rq\ values chosen at random .	The results are consistent with a recent analysis of the data from the London FTSE100 market .	The slopes of the power-laws are also in agreement .
+0	In a fusion reactor , a proton and a neutron generated in previous reactions may again fuse with each other .	Or they can in turn fuse with or be captured by an un-reacted deuteron .	The average center-of-mass ( COM ) energy for such reaction is around 10 keV in a typical fusion reactor , but could be as low as 1 keV .	At this low COM energy , the reacting nucleons are in an s-wave state in terms of their relative angular momentum .	The single-gamma radiation process is thus strongly suppressed due to conservation laws .
+1	These functions measure the spatial correlations of the relaxation of different particles .	We calculated a four-point correlation function G_4 ( k , r ; t ) and the corresponding structure factor S_4 ( k , q ; t ) for a model glass-forming binary mixture .	We found that these four-point functions are anisotropic and depend on the angle between vectors k and r ( or q ) .	The anisotropy is the strongest for times somewhat longer than the beta relaxation time but it is quite pronounced even for times comparable to the alpha relaxation time , tau_alpha .	At the lowest temperatures S_4 ( k , q ; tau_alpha ) is strongly anisotropic even for the smallest wavevector q accessible in our simulation .
+4	For highly polarizable atoms in certain geometries , the magnitude of the three body energy is comparable to that of the two body energy and can be either attractive or repulsive .	The three body ( triple dipole ) interaction of Axilrod , Teller and Muto ( ATM ) contributes 5 to 10 % of the total energy of condensed phases of inert elements .	It is shown in this paper for clusters and films that a much larger or smaller ATM contribution can arise for other geometries or other atomic species .	The ratio R of the three body interaction energy to the two body energy is evaluated for a wide variety of configurations .	This ratio varies considerably with the geometry .
+1	Such cones occur in fullerenes as the geometric response to the disclination associated with pentagon rings .	We consider the low-energy electronic properties of graphene cones in the presence of a global Fries-Kekul\'e Peierls distortion .	It is well known that the long-range effect of the disclination deficit-angle can be modelled in the continuum Dirac-equation approximation by a spin connection and a non-abelian gauge field .	We show here that to understand the bound states localized in the vicinity of a pair of pentagons one must , in addition to the long-range topological effects of the curvature and gauge flux , consider the effect the short-range lattice disruption near the defect .	In particular , the radial Dirac equation for the lowest angular-momentum channel sees the defect as a singular endpoint at the origin , and the resulting operator possesses deficiency indices $ ( 2,2 ) $ .
+1	Well tempered neutralinos are studied in the context of supersymmetric grand unified theories with third family Yukawa coupling unification .	In a scenario with heavy supersymmetric sfermions and decoupled supersymmetric Higgs sector , a well tempered neutralino is the remaining candidate for thermal single-component sub-TeV dark matter .	A global chi^2 analysis is performed , including the observables MW , MZ , GF , alpha_em , alpha_s ( MZ ) , Mt , mb ( mb ) , Mtau , b - & gt ; s gamma , BR ( Bs - & gt ; mu^+ mu^- ) , Mh and Omegah^2 .	Tensions in simultaneously fitting the Higgs and bottom quark masses while also avoiding gluino mass bounds from the LHC disfavors light Higgsinos with mass & lt ; 500 GeV , ruling out light Bino/Higgsino dark matter candidates .	Bino/Wino/Higgsino and Bino/Wino candidates fare somewhat better although they are fine-tuned and require departure from GUT scale gaugino mass universality ( the example chosen here is the mixed modulus-anomaly pattern ) .
+0	This work developes a quantitative framework for describing the overcompleteness of a large class of frames .	A previous paper introduced notions of localization and approximation between two frames $ \mathcal { F } = \ { f_i\ } _ { i \in I } $ and $ \mathcal { E } = \ { e_j\ } _ { j \in G } $ ( $ G $ a discrete abelian group ) , relating the decay of the expansion of the elements of $ \mathcal { F } $ in terms of the elements of $ \mathcal { E } $ via a map $ a \colon I \to G $ .	This paper shows that those abstract results yield an array of new implications for irregular Gabor frames .	Additionally , various Nyquist density results for Gabor frames are recovered as special cases , and in the process both their meaning and implications are clarified .	New results are obtained on the excess and overcompleteness of Gabor frames , on the relationship between frame bounds and density , and on the structure of the dual frame of an irregular Gabor frame .
+4	For all 12 stars the mean optical depth ratio of the blue to red components is closer to ~ 2 ( i.e.the ratio of oscillator strengths ) in the NACs than at intermediate and lower velocities .	We seek to establish evidence in UV P Cygni line profiles that the signs of wind clumping and porosity vary with velocity .	We aim to demonstrate empirically that while at most wind velocities optically thick clumps cover only a fraction of the stellar surface , close to the terminal velocity where narrow absorption components ( NACs ) appear in UV lines the covering factor is approximately unity .	SEI line-synthesis models are used to determine the radial optical depths of blue and red components of the SiIV 1400 resonance line doublet in a sample of 12 B0 to B4 supergiants .	We focus on stars with well developed NACs and relatively low terminal velocity so that the SiIV doublet components can be treated as radiatively decoupled and formed independently .
+3	We prove the necessary condition for the window to be of critical shape .	We consider the Dirichlet Laplacian in a domain two three-dimensional parallel layers having common boundary and coupled by a window .	The window produces the bound states below the essential spectrum ; we obtain two-sided estimates for them .	It is also shown that the eigenvalues emerge from the threshold of essential spectrum as the window passes through certain critical shapes .	Under an additional assumption we show that this condition is sufficient and obtain the asymptotic expansion for the emerging eigenvalue as well as for the associated eigenfunction .
+0	We consider a Hamiltonian system which has an elliptic-hyperbolic equilibrium with a homoclinic loop .	We identify the set of orbits which are homoclinic to the center manifold of the equilibrium via a Lyapunov- Schmidt reduction procedure .	This leads to the study of a singularity which inherits certain structure from the Hamiltonian nature of the system .	Under non-degeneracy assumptions , we classify the possible Morse indices of this singularity , permitting a local description of the set of homoclinic orbits .	We also consider the case of time-reversible Hamiltonian systems .
+1	The method is based on a direct PN iteration of the near-zone metric and equations of motion of an extended isolated system , using appropriate `` asymptotically matched '' flat-space-time retarded potentials .	We compute the radiation reaction force on the orbital motion of compact binaries to the 3.5 post-Newtonian ( 3.5PN ) approximation , i.e.one PN order beyond the dominant effect .	The formalism is subsequently applied to binary systems of point particles , with the help of the Hadamard self-field regularisation .	Our result is the 3.5PN acceleration term in a general harmonic coordinate frame .	Restricting the expression to the centre-of-mass frame , we find perfect agreement with the result derived in a class of coordinate systems by Iyer and Will using the energy and angular momentum balance equations .
+4	The approach may be viewed as conventional quantum mechanics with the caveat that spatial space is compact , as dictated by the M\ '' obius symmetry , with the classical limit corresponding to the decompactification limit .	The equivalence postulate approach to quantum mechanics aims to formulate quantum mechanics from a fundamental geometrical principle .	Underlying the formulation there exists a basic cocycle condition which is invariant under $ D $ -- dimensional M\ '' obius transformations with respect to the Euclidean or Minkowski metrics .	The invariance under global M\ '' obius transformations implies that spatial space is compact .	Furthermore , it implies energy quantisation and undefinability of quantum trajectories without assuming any prior interpretation of the wave function .
+1	In addition , during the epochs prior to maximum light , the CaII IR triplet absorption is seen distinctly and separately at both normal photospheric velocities and at very high velocities .	SN 2001el is the first normal Type Ia supernova to show a strong , intrinsic polarization signal .	The high-velocity triplet absorption is highly polarized , with a different polarization angle than the rest of the spectrum .	The unique observation allows us to construct a relatively detailed picture of the layered geometrical structure of the supernova ejecta : in our interpretation , the ejecta layers near the photosphere ( v \approx 10,000 km/s ) obey a near axial symmetry , while a detached , high-velocity structure ( v \approx 18,000-25,000 km/s ) with high CaII line opacity deviates from the photospheric axisymmetry .	By partially obscuring the underlying photosphere , the high-velocity structure causes a more incomplete cancellation of the polarization of the photospheric light , and so gives rise to the polarization peak and rotated polarization angle of the high-velocity IR triplet feature .
+4	High level applications were implemented as CORBA based client/server applications ( tcl/tk and Java based clients , C++ based servers ) , IDL applications using EZCA , medm/dm2k screens and tcl/tk applications using CDEV .	The commissioning of the Swiss Light Source ( SLS ) started in Feb. 2000 with the Linac , continued in May 2000 with the booster synchrotron and by Dec. 2000 first light in the storage ring were produced .	The first four beam lines had to be operational by August 2001 .	The thorough integration of all subsystems to the control system and a high level of automation was prerequisite to meet the tight time schedule .	A careful balanced distribution of functionality into high level and low level applications allowed an optimization of short development cycles and high reliability of the applications .
+3	Inspired by the success of deep structures in image classification , we attempt to leverage a deep structure to extract feature for dynamic texture and scene classification .	Dynamic texture and scene classification are two fundamental problems in understanding natural video content .	Extracting robust and effective features is a crucial step towards solving these problems .	However the existing approaches suffer from the sensitivity to either varying illumination , or viewpoint changing , or even camera motion , and/or the lack of spatial information .	To tackle with the challenges in training a deep structure , we propose to transfer some prior knowledge from image domain to video domain .
+1	Such junctions can be fabricated exploiting ( a ) the d-wave order parameter symmetry of cuprate superconductors ; ( b ) the spacial oscillations of the order parameter in superconductor-insulator-ferromagnet-superconductor structures with different thicknesses of ferromagnetic layer to produce 0 or $ \pi $ coupling or ( c ) the structure of the corresponding sine-Gordon equations and substituting the phase $ \pi $ -discontinuities by the artificial current injectors .	We investigate analytically a long Josephson 0- $ \pi $ -junction with several 0 and $ \pi $ facets which are comparable to the Josephson penetration length $ \lambda_J $ .	We investigate analytically the possible ground states in such a system and show that there is a critical facet length $ a_c $ , which separates the states with half-integer flux quanta ( semifluxons ) from the trivial `` flat phase state '' without magnetic flux .	We analyze different branches of the bifurcation diagram , derive a system of transcendental equations which can be effectively solved to find the crossover distance $ a_c $ ( bifurcation point ) and present the solutions for different number of facets and the edge facets length .	We show that the edge facets may drastically affect the state of the system .
+4	Some new ideas in the theory of integration of the equations in nonholonomic mechanics are suggested .	The paper deals with the problem of integration of equations of motion in nonholonomic systems .	By means of well-known theory of the differential equations with an invariant measure the new integrable systems are discovered .	Among them there are the generalization of Chaplygin 's problem of rolling nonsymmetric ball in the plane and the Suslov problem of rotation of rigid body with a fixed point .	The structure of dynamics of systems on the invariant manifold in the integrable problems is shown .
+3	Hence , our optimal designs are minimizers of a family of convex potentials that include the frame potential and the mean squared error .	In this paper we study two design problems in frame theory : on the one hand , given a fixed finite frame $ \cF $ for $ \hil\cong\C^d $ we compute those dual frames $ \cG $ of $ \cF $ that are optimal perturbations of the canonical dual frame for $ \cF $ under certain restrictions on the norms of the elements of $ \cG $ .	On the other hand , for a fixed finite frame $ \cF=\ { f_j\ } _ { j\in\In } $ for $ \hil $ we compute those invertible operators $ V $ such that $ V^*V $ is a perturbation of the identity and such that the frame $ V\cdot \cF=\ { V\ , f_j\ } _ { j\in\In } $ - which is equivalent to $ \cF $ - is optimal among such perturbations of $ \cF $ .	In both cases , optimality is measured with respect to submajorization of the eigenvalues of the frame operators .	The key tool for these results is a multiplicative analogue of Lidskii 's inequality in terms of log-majorization and a characterization of the case of equality .
+2	Compared to the case of monochromatic irradiation , which is currently intensively studied both experimentally and theoretically , the presence of a second microwave source provides additional insight into the properties of an ac-driven 2D electron gas .	In an ultrahigh mobility 2D electron gas , even a weak nonparabolicity of the electron dispersion , by violating Kohn 's theorem , can have a drastic effect on dc magnetotransport under ac drive .	We study theoretically the manifestation of this effect in the dc response to the combined action of two driving ac-fields ( bichromatic irradiation ) .	In particular , we find that nonparabolicity , being the simplest cause for a violation of Kohn 's theorem , gives rise to new qualitative effects specific to bichromatic irradiation .	Namely , when the frequencies $ \omega_1 $ and $ \omega_2 $ are well away from the cyclotron frequency , $ \omega_c $ , our simple classical considerations demonstrate that the system becomes parametrically unstable with respect to fluctuations with frequency $ ( \omega_1+\omega_2 ) /2 $ .
+1	Recently , a novel approach to the protection of superconducting qubits has been proposed .	For successful realization of a quantum computer , its building blocks ( qubits ) should be simultaneously scalable and sufficiently protected from environmental noise .	The idea is to prevent errors at the `` hardware '' level , by building a fault-free ( topologically protected ) logical qubit from `` faulty '' physical qubits with properly engineered interactions between them .	It has been predicted that the decoupling of a protected logical qubit from local noises would grow exponentially with the number of physical qubits .	Here we report on the proof-of-concept experiments with a prototype device which consists of twelve physical qubits made of nanoscale Josephson junctions .
+2	In particular , quantum analogues of the characteristic polynomial and characteristic identity are obtained for them .	General algebraic properties of the algebras of vector fields over quantum linear groups $ GL_q ( N ) $ and $ SL_q ( N ) $ are studied .	These quantum algebras appears to be quite similar to the classical matrix algebra .	The $ q $ -analogues of the Newton relations connecting two different generating sets of central elements of these algebras ( the determinant-like and the trace-like ones ) are derived .	This allows one to express the $ q $ -determinant of quantized vector fields in terms of their $ q $ -traces .
+1	Multivariant geometry is such a geometry , where at the point P there are many vectors PP ' , PP '' , ... which are equivalent to the vector QQ ' at the point Q , but they are not equivalent between themselves .	The conventional method of a generalized geometry construction , based on deduction of all propositions of the geometry from axioms , appears to be imperfect in the sense , that multivariant geometries can not be constructed by means of this method .	In the conventional ( Euclidean ) method the equivalence relation is transitive , whereas in a multivariant geometry the equivalence relation is intransitive , in general .	It is a reason , why the multivariant geometries can not be deduced from a system of axioms .	The space-time geometry in microcosm is multivariant .
+4	The presented approach opens a window for the high precision calculations of relativistic effects in diatomic molecules .	We present an efficient approach to evaluate two-center two-electron integrals with exponential functions and with an arbitrary polynomial in electron-nucleus and electron-electron distances .	We show that the master integral with the single negative power of all distances can be obtained from the second order differential equation in $ r $ , the distance between nuclei .	For particular values of nonlinear parameters corresponding to the James-Coolidge basis , we find a fully analytic expression .	For integrals with arbitrary powers of all distances , we construct recursion relations which starts from the master integral .
+4	The changes of gaps show the consistency with the geometrical twoness of this new polygon .	In this paper , a new mesoscopic polygon which possesses smooth transition at its corners is proposed .	Because of the particularity of structure , this kind of mesoscopic polygon can also be a geometrical supperlattice .	The geometrical effects on the electron states and persistent current are investigated comprehensively in the presence of magnetic flux .	We find that the particular geometric structure of the polygon induces an effective periodic potential which results in gaps in the energy spectrum .
+3	The 13-D parameter space is explored with a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling scheme based on the Metropolis algorithm , which produces a smooth and efficient mapping of the P ( x , A_V ) probability distribution .	We present a probabilistic formulation of the classical problem of synthesizing spectral properties of a galaxy using a base of star clusters .	The problem consists of estimating the population vector x , composed by the contributions of n_star base elements to the integrated spectrum of a galaxy , and the extinction A_V , given a set of absorption line equivalent widths and continuum colors .	The formalism is applied to the n_star = 12 base defined by Schmidt etal and subsequently used in several studies .	This version of Empirical Population Synthesis is used to investigate the ability to recover the detailed history of star-formation and chemical evolution using this spectral base .
+4	We argue that these improvements over most previous works may result from optimizing the patterning process for oxide heterostructures .	We have performed magnetotransport measurements on La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 / SrTiO3 / La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 magnetic tunnel junctions .	A magnetoresistance ratio of more than 1800 % is obtained at 4K , from which we infer an electrode spin polarization of at least 95 % .	This result strongly underscores the half-metallic nature of mixed-valence manganites and demonstrates its capability as a spin analyzer .	The magnetoresistance extends up to temperatures of more than 270K .
+1	It also plays a crucial role in determining the sample size of various algorithms in post election audit , polling etc .	The margin of victory of an election is a useful measure to capture the robustness of an election outcome .	In this work , we present efficient sampling based algorithms for estimating the margin of victory of elections .	More formally , we introduce the \textsc { $ ( c , \epsilon , \delta ) $ -- Margin of Victory } problem , where given an election $ \mathcal { E } $ on $ n $ voters , the goal is to estimate the margin of victory $ M ( \mathcal { E } ) $ of $ \mathcal { E } $ within an additive factor of $ c MoV ( \mathcal { E } ) +\epsilon n $ .	We study the \textsc { $ ( c , \epsilon , \delta ) $ -- Margin of Victory } problem for many commonly used voting rules including scoring rules , approval , Bucklin , maximin , and Copeland $ ^ { \alpha } . $ We observe that even for the voting rules for which computing the margin of victory is NP-Hard , there may exist efficient sampling based algorithms , as observed in the cases of maximin and Copeland $ ^ { \alpha } $ voting rules .
+2	In our case , the notion of weak equivalence is structly stronger than that of quasi-isomorphism .	The category of unital ( unbounded ) dg cocommutative coalgebras over a field of characteristic zero is provided with a structure of simplicial closed model category .	This generalizes the model structure defined by Quillen in 1969 for 2-reduced coalgebras .	A pair of adjoint functors connecting the category of coalgebras with the category of dg Lie algebras , induces an equivalence of the corresponding homotopy categories .	The model category structure allows one to consider dg coalgebras as very general formal stacks .
+2	This includes space-borne , air-borne and ground-based experiments .	As the era of high precision cosmology approaches , the empirically determined power spectrum of the microwave background anisotropy $ C_l $ will provide a crucial test for cosmological theories .	We present an exact semi-analytic framework for the study of the ampling statistics of the $ C_l $ resulting from observations with partial sky coverage and anisotropic noise distributions .	We apply this theory to demonstrate its power for constructing fast but unbiased approximate methods for the joint estimation of cosmological parameters .	Further applications , such as a test for possible non-Gaussianity of the underlying theory and a `` poor man 's power spectrum estimator '' are suggested .
+2	Besides , it couples to the cavity field via optical photon exchange .	We propose a scheme of quantum information processing with NV-centers embedded inside diamond nanostructure .	Single NV-center placed in the cavity plays role of an electron spin qubit which evolution is controlled by microwave pulses .	In their turn , neighbor cavities are coupled to each other through the photon hopping to form a bus waveguide mode .	This waveguide mode overlaps with all NV-centers .
+0	We introduce a new map between configuration spaces of points in a background manifold - the replication map - and prove that it is a homology isomorphism in a range with certain coefficients .	This is particularly of interest when the background manifold is closed , in which case the classical stabilisation map does not exist .	We then establish conditions on the manifold and on the coefficients under which homological stability holds for configuration spaces on closed manifolds .	These conditions are sharp when the background manifold is a two-dimensional sphere , the classical counterexample in the field .	For field coefficients this extends results of Church ( 2012 ) and Randal-Williams ( 2013 ) to the case of odd characteristic , and for $ p $ -local coefficients it improves results of Bendersky -- Miller ( 2014 ) .
+3	We investigate properties of the total graph of $ R $ and determine all isomorphism classes of finite commutative rings whose total graph has genus at most one ( i.e. , a planar or toroidal graph ) .	Let $ R $ be a commutative ring with $ \Z ( R ) $ its set of zero-divisors .	In this paper , we study the total graph of $ R $ , denoted by $ \T ( \Gamma ( R ) ) $ .	It is the ( undirected ) graph with all elements of $ R $ as vertices , and for distinct $ x , y\in R $ , the vertices $ x $ and $ y $ are adjacent if and only if $ x + y\in\Z ( R ) $ .	In addition , it is shown that , given a positive integer $ g $ , there are only finitely many finite rings whose total graph has genus $ g $ .
+0	Tractography is typically performed for each subject using the diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI ) data in its native subject space rather than in some space common to the entire study cohort .	Despite performing tractography on a population average in a normalized space , the latter is considered less favorably at the \emph { individual } subject level because it requires spatial transformations of DTI data that involve non-linear warping and reorientation of the tensors .	Although the commonly used reorientation strategies such as finite strain and preservation of principle direction are expected to result in adequate accuracy for voxel based analyses of DTI measures such as fractional anisotropy ( FA ) , mean diffusivity ( MD ) , the reorientations are not always exact except in the case of rigid transformations .	Small imperfections in reorientation at individual voxel level accumulate and could potentially affect the tractography results adversely .	This study aims to evaluate and compare deterministic white matter fiber tracking in non-linearly warped DTI against that in native DTI .
+2	The first one concerns the interaction of Mellin convolutions and Bessel potential operators ( BPOs ) .	Mellin convolution equations acting in Bessel potential spaces are considered .	The study is based upon two results .	In contrast to the Fourier convolutions , BPOs and Mellin convolutions do not commute and we derive an explicit formula for the corresponding commutator in the case of Mellin convolutions with meromorphic symbols .	These results are used in the lifting of the Mellin convolution operators acting on Bessel potential spaces up to operators on Lebesgue spaces .
+0	The resistive and reactive parts of the magneto-impedance of sintered ferromagnetic samples of La0.7Sr0.3-xAgxMnO3 ( x = 0.05 , 0.25 ) have been measured at room temperature ( & lt ; Tc ) over frequency interval 1KHz to 15MHz and in presence of magnetic field up to 4KOe .	The field dependence of relative change in resistance is small in KHz region but increases strongly for higher frequency of excitation .	The maximum value of relative change in resistance at H =4KOe was found to be around 70 % at 15MHz frequency.On the contrary the corresponding change in reactance has less frequency sensitivity and the maximum occurs at 1MHz frequency .	The magneto-impedance is negative for all frequencies .	The 'normalized magneto-impedance ' as defined by [ Z ( H ) -Z ( 0 ) ] / [ Z ( 0 ) -Z ( 4K ) ] when plotted against scaled field H/H1/2 is found to be frequency independent ; H1/2 is the field where 'normalized magneto-impedance ' is reduced to half its maximum .
+3	The nanocomposites showed a magnetodielectric effect with the dielectric constant changing by 1.8 % as the magnetic field was increased to 1 Tesla .	Graphene-Polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) nanocomposite films with thickness $ 120 \mu m $ were synthesized by solidification of PVA in a solution with dispersed graphene nanosheets .	Electrical conductivity data were explained as arising due to hopping of carriers between localized states formed at the graphene-PVA interface .	Dielectric permittivity data as a function of frequency indicated the occurrence of Debye-type relaxation mechanism .	The effect was explained as arising due to Maxwell-Wagner polarization as applied to an inhomogeneous two-dimensional , two-component composite model .
+3	In this case , using local index theory we define new analytical invariants $ \hat c_k\in H^ { k-1 } ( B ; \reals/\integers ) $ .	In this paper , we study the family index of a family of spin manifolds .	In particular , we discuss to which extend the real index ( of the Dirac operator of the real spinor bundle if the fiber dimension is divisible by 8 ) which can be defined in this case contains extra information over the complex index ( the index of its complexification ) .	We study this question under the additional assumption that the complex index vanishes on the k-skeleton of B .	We then continue and describe these invariants in terms of known topological characteristic classes .
+0	We present a unified theory of charge and spin transport using quaternionic formalism .	It is shown that both charge current and spin currents can be combined together to form a quaternionic current .	The scalar and vector part of quaternionic currents correspond to charge and spin current respectively .	We formulate a unitarity condition on the scattering matrix for quaternionic current conservation .	It is shown that in presence of spin flip interactions a weaker quaternionic unitarity condition implying charge flux conservation but spin flux non conservation is valid .
+3	The paper investigates the existence of parameters of association which are directionally collapsible .	Odds ratios and log-linear parameters are not collapsible , meaning that including a variable into the analysis or omitting one from it , may change the strength of association among the remaining variables .	Even the direction of association may be reversed , a fact that is often discussed under the name of Simpson 's paradox .	A parameter of association is directionally collapsible , if this reversal can not occur .	It is shown , that subject to two simple assumptions , no parameter of association , which depends only on the conditional distributions , like the odds ratio does , can be directionally collapsible .
+3	We provide a power counting argument suggesting that the dominant interactions in the deuteron liquid are perturbative ( but screened ) Coulomb interactions .	We consider deuterium compressed to higher than atomic , but lower than nuclear densities .	At such densities deuterium is a superconducting quantum liquid .	Generically , two superconducting phases compete , a `` ferromagnetic '' and a `` nematic '' one .	At very high densities the ground state is determined by very small nuclear interaction effects that probably favor the ferromagnetic phase .
+2	the main tool of the study is the Quantum Monte Carlo method in different modifications ( variational Monte Carlo , diffusion Monte Carlo , fixed-node Monte Carlo methods ) .	This Dissertation presents results of a thorough study of ultracold bosonic and fermionic gases in three-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional systems .	Although the analyses are carried out within various theoretical frameworks ( Gross-Pitaevskii , Bethe ansatz , local density approximation , etc . )	We benchmark our Monte Carlo calculations by recovering known analytical results ( perturbative theories in dilute limits , exactly solvable models , etc . )	and extend calculations to regimes , where the results are so far unknown .
+4	conjugation ) for any Euclidean ( resp .	A particular orthogonal map on a finite dimensional real quadratic vector space ( V , Q ) with a non-degenerate quadratic form Q of any signature ( p , q ) is considered .	It can be viewed as a correlation of the vector space that leads to a dual Clifford algebra CL ( V^* , Q ) of linear functionals ( multiforms ) acting on the universal Clifford algebra CL ( V , Q ) .	The map results in a unique involutive automorphism and a unique involutive anti-automorphism of CL ( V , Q ) .	The anti-involution reduces to reversion ( resp .
+0	With the VLBA , we have observed water masers associated with the OH/IR star , W43A , which trace a birth and growth of a molecular jet .	The water masers exhibit the collimated distribution ( 1700 AU : 20 AU ) and fast motions ( +/-150 km/s ) .	The maser distribution was well fit by a precessing jet model .	The jet length has extended by 800 AU within 8 years , indicating that the extension rate is roughly equivalent to the jet speed ( 150 km/s ) .	Very likely the jet was born around the year 1960 .
+2	Considering the advantage of high efficiency , fault tolerance , and price-performance of Hadoop and Hive systems , they are frequently deployed as underlying platform for big data processing .	In Smart Grid applications , as the number of deployed electric smart meters increases , massive amounts of valuable meter data is generated and collected every day .	To enable reliable data collection and make business decisions fast , high throughput storage and high-performance analysis of massive meter data become crucial for grid companies .	However , in real business use cases , these data analysis applications typically involve multidimensional range queries ( MDRQ ) as well as batch reading and statistics on the meter data .	While Hive is high-performance at complex data batch reading and analysis , it lacks efficient indexing techniques for MDRQ .
+1	We assume a source that transmits common messages via multiple amplify-and-forward relays to multiple destinations .	In this paper , we propose a novel single-group multicasting relay beamforming scheme .	To increase the number of degrees of freedom in the beamforming design , the relays process two received signals jointly and transmit the Alamouti space-time block code over two different beams .	Furthermore , in contrast to the existing relay multicasting scheme of the literature , we take into account the direct links from the source to the destinations .	We aim to maximize the lowest received quality-of-service by choosing the proper relay weights and the ideal distribution of the power resources in the network .
+1	The dependence of signal to noise ratio $ SNR $ on noise intensity $ D $ , coupling constant $ k $ and polymer length $ N $ is studied via two state approximation .	We study the stochastic resonance ( SR ) of a flexible polymer chain crossing over a piecewise linear bistable potential .	We find that the response of signal to the background noise strength is significant at optimum values of $ D_ { opt } $ , $ k_ { opt } $ and $ N_ { opt } $ which suggests novel means of manipulating proteins or vesicles .	Furthermore , the thermally activated barrier crossing rate $ r_ { k } $ for the flexible polymer chain is studied .	We find that the crossing rate $ r_ { k } $ exhibits an optimal value at an optimal coupling constant $ k_ { opt } $ ; $ k_ { opt } $ decreases with $ N $ .
+1	We measured the redshift-space two-point correlation functions ( 2PCF ) , and the projected correlation function , in samples covering different ranges of B-band absolute magnitudes and stellar masses .	We investigate the dependence of galaxy clustering on luminosity and stellar mass in the redshift range 0.5 & lt ; z & lt ; 1.1 , using the first ~55000 redshifts from the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey ( VIPERS ) .	We considered both threshold and binned galaxy samples , with median B-band absolute magnitudes -21.6 & lt ; MB-5log ( h ) & lt ; -19.5 and median stellar masses 9.8 & lt ; log ( M* [ Msun/h^2 ] ) & lt ; 10.7 .	We assessed the real-space clustering in the data from the projected correlation function , which we model as a power law in the range 0.2 & lt ; r_p [ Mpc/h ] & lt ; 20 .	Finally , we estimated the galaxy bias as a function of luminosity , stellar mass , and redshift , assuming a flat LCDM model to derive the dark matter 2PCF .
+0	The large N commensurate dirty boson model , in both the weakly and strongly commensurate cases , is considered via a perturbative renormalization group treatment .	In the weakly commensurate case , there exists a fixed line under RG flow , with varying amounts of disorder along the line .	Including 1/N corrections causes the system to flow to strong disorder , indicating that the model does not have a phase transition perturbatively connected to the Mott Insulator-Superfluid ( MI-SF ) transition .	I discuss the qualitative effects of instantons on the low energy density of excitations .	In the strongly commensurate case , a fixed point found previously is considered and results are obtained for higher moments of the correlation functions .
+3	We find that in the inner ~2 core radii the blue main sequence ( bMS ) stars slightly dominate the red main sequence ( rMS ) in number .	We present a detailed study of the radial distribution of the multiple populations identified in the Galactic globular cluster omega Cen .	We used both space-based images ( ACS/WFC and WFPC2 ) and ground-based images ( FORS1 @ VLT and WFI @ 2.2m ESO telescopes ) to map the cluster from the inner core to the outskirts ( ~20 arcmin ) .	These data sets have been used to extract high-accuracy photometry for the construction of color-magnitude diagrams and astrometric positions of ~900 000 stars .	At greater distances from the cluster center , the relative numbers of bMS stars with respect to rMS drop steeply , out to ~8 arcmin , and then remain constant out to the limit of our observations .
+1	We give an alternative definition where one employs any automorphism of the group $ M^*/M $ .	For each lattice one can define a free boson theory propagating on the corresponding torus .	This gives a wealth of conformal data , which we realize as some bosonic theory , in all the `regular ' cases .	We discuss the generalization to affine theories .	As a byproduct , we compute the gauss sum for any lattice and any diagonal automorphism .
+4	Special emphasis is drawn on the existence of a nontrivial ultraviolet fixed point as required for theories modeling the asymptotic safety scenario of quantum gravity .	A study of the renormalization group flow in the three-dimensional nonlinear O ( N ) sigma model using Monte Carlo Renormalization Group ( MCRG ) techniques is presented .	To achieve this , we combine an improved blockspin transformation with the canonical demon method to determine the flow diagram for a number of different truncations .	Systematic errors of the approach are highlighted .	Results are discussed with hindsight on the fixed point structure of the model and the corresponding critical exponents .
+0	We propose a neutrino mass matrix model in which five neutrino species remain light through the seesaw mechanism within a supersymmetric $ 3\nu_L+3\nu_R $ framework .	We construct such a model based on the nonrenormalizable terms in the superpotential constrained by the discrete symmetry which may be expected in the models at the high energy scale such as superstring .	We study the possible oscillation phenomena by fixing mass parameters so as to explain the solar and atmospheric neutrino deficits and also include a candidate of the suitable dark matter .	We also discuss the charged lepton mass matrix based on this neutrino model .	LSND results may be consistently explained within this model .
+0	( Abridged ) Using high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations , we study how the density profiles of dark matter halos are affected by the filtering of the density power spectrum below a given scale length and by the introduction of a thermal velocity dispersion .	In the warm dark matter ( WDM ) scenario , both the free-streaming scale , R_f , and the velocity dispersion , v_w , are determined by the mass m_w of the WDM particle .	We find that v_w is too small to affect the density profiles of WDM halos .	Down to the resolution attained in our simulations , there is not any significant difference in the density profiles and concentrations of halos obtained in simulations with and without the inclusion of v_w .	The density profiles of halos with masses down to ~0.01 the filtering mass M_f can be described by the NFW shape ; significant soft cores are not formed .
+0	An inductive logic can be formulated in which the elements are not propositions or probability distributions , but information systems .	The logic is complete for information systems with binary hypotheses , i.e. , it applies to all such systems .	It is not complete for information systems with more than two hypotheses , but applies to a subset of such systems .	The logic is inductive in that conclusions are more informative than premises .	Inferences using the formalism have a strong justification in terms of the expected value of the derived information system .
+2	We argue that a purely geometrical result - such as Gauss ' formula - can not be claimed to be derivable from a law of Nature , i.e. , from one of Maxwell 's equations , which is the departing point for the calculation of the magnetic field .	We take the Gauss ' linking integral of two curves as a starting point to discuss the connection between the equation of continuity and the inhomogeneous Maxwell equations .	Gauss ' formula has been discussed before , as being derivable from the line integral of a magnetic field generated by a steady current flowing through a loop .	We thus discuss anew the derivation of Gauss ' formula , this time resting on Helmholtz 's theorem for vector fields .	Such a derivation , in turn , serves to shed light into the connection existing between a conservation law like charge conservation and the Maxwell equations .
+3	A Z ' with these properties appears at the electroweak scale in the `` viable '' gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking .	The lightest CP-even Higgs boson in weak-scale supersymmetry can be discovered spectacularly early , even from 1 inverse fb of data at 7 TeV LHC , if it decays to a pair of light Z ' , which in turn , decays to a pair of hard and `` isolated '' leptons .	These Z ' must have infinitesimal couplings to light fermions in order to be consistent with precision electroweak constraints , while they have mild to moderate couplings to Higgs .	Hence they are Higgsphilic .	We construct an effective model to extract the Z ' phenomenology .
+4	The numerical simulation show , within a proper laser intensity , a harmonic plateau with only odd harmonics appears .	Based upon our previous works ( Eur.Phys.J.D 6 , 319 ( 1999 ) ; Chin.Phys.Lett .	18 , 236 ( 2001 ) ) , we develop a classical approach to calculate the high-order harmonic generation of the laser driven atoms and molecules .	The Coulomb singularities in the system have been removed by a regularization procedure .	Action-angle variables have been used to generate the initial microcanonical distribution which satisfies the inversion symmetry of the system .
+4	I also describe some general properties of gravity duals of gauge theories .	These lectures present an introduction to AdS-CFT , and are intended both for begining and more advanced graduate students , which are familiar with quantum field theory and have a working knowledge of their basic methods .	Familiarity with supersymmetry , general relativity and string theory is helpful , but not necessary , as the course intends to be as self-contained as possible .	I will introduce the needed elements of field and gauge theory , general relativity , supersymmetry , supergravity , strings and conformal field theory .	Then I describe the basic AdS-CFT scenario , of $ { \cal N } =4 $ Super Yang-Mills 's relation to string theory in $ AdS_5\times S_5 $ , and applications that can be derived from it : 3-point functions , quark-antiquark potential , finite temperature and scattering processes , the pp wave correspondence and spin chains .
+4	Such a simple yet effective design of AIG also enables analyzing the physics behind this extraordinary phenomenon in an analytical manner , which agrees quite well with the numerical and experimental results .	The recently-emerged concept of `` invisible gateway '' with the extraordinary capability to block the waves but allow the passage of other entities has attracted great attentions due to the general interests in illusion devices .	However , the possibility to realize such a fascinating phenomenon for acoustic waves has not yet been explored , which should be of paramount significance for acoustical applications but would necessarily involve experimental difficulty .	Here we design and experimentally demonstrate an acoustic invisible gateway ( AIG ) capable of concealing a channel under the detection of sound .	Instead of `` restoring '' a whole block of background medium by using transformation acoustics that inevitably requires complementary or restoring media with extreme parameters , we propose an inherently distinct methodology that only aims at engineering the surface impedance at the `` gate '' to mimic a rigid `` wall '' and can be conveniently implemented by decorating meta-structures behind the channel .
+0	We have studied both experimentally and theoretically the surface pressure isotherms of copolymers of polystyrene-polyethyleneoxide ( PS-PEO ) at the air-water interface .	The SCMF ( single chain mean-field ) theory provides a very good agreement with the experiments for the entire range of surface densities and shows that the adsorption energy per PEO monomer at the air-water interface is about one $ k_B T $ .	In addition , the chain density profile has been calculated for a variety of surface densities , from the dilute to the very dense ones .	The SCMF approach has been complemented by a mean-field approach in the low density regime , where the PEO chains act as a two-dimensional layer .	Both theoretical calculations agree with the experiments in this region .
+4	For all $ r\geq 3 $ and $ \ell\geq 3 $ , we show that there exist positive constants $ c_ { m , r } $ and $ c'_ { m , r } $ , depending only $ m $ and $ r $ , such that $ ex_L ( n , C^r_ { 2m } ) \leq c_ { m , r } n^ { 1+\frac { 1 } { m } } $ and $ ex_L ( n , C^r_ { 2m+1 } ) \leq c'_ { m , r } n^ { 1+\frac { 1 } { m } } $ .	An $ r $ -uniform hypergraph is called an $ r $ -graph .	A hypergraph is linear if every two edges intersect in at most one vertex .	Given a linear $ r $ -graph $ H $ and a positive integer $ n $ , the linear Tur\'an number $ ex_L ( n , H ) $ is the maximum number of edges in a linear $ r $ -graph $ G $ that does not contain $ H $ as a subgraph .	For each $ \ell\geq 3 $ , let $ C^r_\ell $ denote the $ r $ -uniform linear cycle of length $ \ell $ , which is an $ r $ -graph with edges $ e_1 , \ldots , e_\ell $ such that $ \forall i\in [ \ell-1 ] $ , $ |e_i\cap e_ { i+1 } |=1 $ , $ |e_\ell\cap e_1|=1 $ and $ e_i\cap e_j=\emptyset $ for all other pairs $ \ { i , j\ } , i\neq j $ .
+2	In particular , we show how to simulate any seeded system with a two-handed system that is essentially just a constant factor larger .	We study the difference between the standard seeded model of tile self-assembly , and the `` seedless '' two-handed model of tile self-assembly .	Most of our results suggest that the two-handed model is more powerful .	We exhibit finite shapes with a busy-beaver separation in the number of distinct tiles required by seeded versus two-handed , and exhibit an infinite shape that can be constructed two-handed but not seeded .	Finally , we show that verifying whether a given system uniquely assembles a desired supertile is co-NP-complete in the two-handed model , while it was known to be polynomially solvable in the seeded model .
+2	We examine performance of the ME filter through frequency and noise variance analysis and compare it with other well known filters developed in the EEG studies .	We propose a maximum entropy ( ME ) based approach to smooth noise not only in data but also to noise amplified by second order derivative calculation of the data especially for electroencephalography ( EEG ) studies .	The approach includes two steps , applying method of ME to generate a family of filters and minimizing noise variance after applying these filters on data selects the preferred one within the family .	The results show the ME filters to outperform others .	Although we only demonstrate a filter design especially for second order derivative of EEG data , these studies still shed an informatic approach of systematically designing a filter for specific purposes .
+1	Observations of type Ia supernovae seem to indicate that we are living in a universe that started to accelerate its expansion when it was about half its present age .	Type Ia supernovae have recently received considerable attention because it appears that they can be used as `` standard candles '' to measure cosmic distances out to billions of light years away from us .	These conclusions rest primarily on phenomenological models which , however , lack proper theoretical understanding , mainly because the explosion process , initiated by thermonuclear fusion of carbon and oxygen into heavier elements , is difficult to simulate even on supercomputers .	Here , we investigate a new way of modeling turbulent thermonuclear deflagration fronts in white dwarfs undergoing a type Ia supernova explosion .	Our approach is based on a level set method which treats the front as a mathematical discontinuity and allows for full coupling between the front geometry and the flow field .
+3	The resulting predictions for all branching ratios are in agreement with the current experimental measurements .	The branching ratios and CP violations of the $ B\to D\pi $ decays , including both the color-allowed and the color-suppressed modes , are investigated in detail within QCD framework by considering all diagrams which lead to three effective currents of two quarks .	An intrinsic mass scale as a dynamical gluon mass is introduced to treat the infrared divergence caused by the soft collinear approximation in the endpoint regions , and the Cutkosky rule is adopted to deal with a physical-region singularity of the on mass-shell quark propagators .	When the dynamical gluon mass $ \mu_g $ is regarded as a universal scale , it is extracted to be around $ \mu_g = 440 $ MeV from one of the well-measured $ B\to D\pi $ decay modes .	As these decays have no penguin contributions , there are no direct $ CP $ asymmetries .
+0	An arbitrary initial state of an optical or microwave field in a lossy driven nonlinear cavity can be changed , in the steady-state limit , into a partially incoherent superposition of only the vacuum and the single-photon states .	This effect is known as single-photon blockade , which is usually analyzed for a Kerr-type nonlinear cavity parametrically driven by a single-photon process assuming single-photon loss mechanisms .	We study photon blockade engineering via a squeezed reservoir , i.e. , a quantum reservoir , where only two-photon absorption is allowed .	Namely , we analyze a lossy nonlinear cavity parametrically driven by a two-photon process and allowing two-photon loss mechanisms , as described by the master equation derived for a two-photon absorbing reservoir .	The nonlinear cavity engineering can be realized by a linear cavity with a tunable two-level system via the Jaynes-Cummings interaction in the dispersive limit .
+2	These are frames having all integer coordinates with respect to a fixed orthonormal basis for a Hilbert space .	Finite frame theory has become a powerful tool for many applications of mathematics .	In this paper we introduce a new area of research in frame theory : Integer frames .	Integer frames have potential to mitigate quantization errors and transmission losses as well as speeding up computation times .	This paper gives the first systematic study of this important class of finite Hilbert space frames .
+0	We analyze stellar convection with the aid of 3D hydrodynamic simulations , introducing the turbulent cascade into our theoretical analysis .	We devise closures of the Reynolds-decomposed mean field equations by simple physical modeling of the simulations ( we relate temperature and density fluctuations via coefficients ) ; the procedure ( CABS , Convection Algorithms Based on Simulations ) is terrestrially testable and is amenable to systematic improvement .	We develop a turbulent kinetic energy equation which contains both nonlocal and time dependent terms , and is appropriate if the convective transit time is shorter than the evolutionary time scale .	The interpretation of mixing-length theory ( MLT ) as generally used in astrophysics is incorrect ; MLT forces the mixing length to be an imposed constant .	Direct tests show that the damping associated with the flow is that suggested by Kolmogorov .
+2	We report the first detection of SO 5 $ _5 $ -- 4 $ _4 $ molecular emission toward the exciting source of HH 80-81 , suggesting that this transition may be a good tracer of molecular gas near massive protostars .	We present high angular resolution VLA and BIMA observations of NH $ _3 $ , HCO $ ^+ $ , HCN and SO molecular emission and 1.4 , 3.5 and 7 mm continuum emission toward the exciting source of the HH~80-81 system .	This object is one of the few massive protostars known to be driving a collimated outflow .	We also detected toward this source dust continuum emission at 1.4 and 3.5 mm .	From the SO molecular emission and the dust emission we roughly estimated that the molecular mass associated with the circumstellar surroundings of the exciting source of the thermal jet is in the range 1 -- 3 M $ _\odot $ .
+0	The efficiency of a fluid mixing device is often limited by fundamental laws and/or design constraints , such that a perfectly homogeneous mixture can not be obtained in finite time .	Here , we address the natural corollary question : Given the best available mixer , what is the optimal initial tracer pattern that leads to the most homogeneous mixture after a prescribed finite time ?	For ideal passive tracers , we show that this optimal initial condition coincides with the right singular vector ( corresponding to the smallest singular value ) of a suitably truncated Koopman operator .	The truncation of the Koopman operator is made under the assumption that there is a small length-scale threshold $ \ell_\nu $ under which the tracer blobs are considered , for all practical purposes , completely mixed .	We demonstrate our results on two examples : a prototypical model known as the sine flow and a direct numerical simulation of two-dimensional turbulence .
+4	The exponents are compared with those in the absence of the magnetoelastic coupling and with those for the canonical spin-glass systems .	Motivated by puzzling spin-glass behaviors observed in many pyrochlore-based magnets , effects of magnetoelastic coupling to local lattice distortions were recently studied by the authors for a bond-disordered antiferromagnet on a pyrochlore lattice [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	107 , 047204 ( 2011 ) ] .	Here , we extend the analyses with focusing on the critical property of the spin-glass transition which occurs concomitantly with a nematic transition .	Finite-size scaling analyses are performed up to a larger system size with 8192 spins to estimate the transition temperature and critical exponents .
+2	The forces acting on the system are buoyancy and interfacial tension .	This work is devoted to the theoretical study of the stability of two superposed horizontal liquid layers bounded by two solid planes and subjected to a horizontal temperature gradient .	The liquids are supposed to be immiscible with a nondeformable interface .	Four different flow patterns and temperature profiles are found for the basic state .	A linear perturbative analysis with respect to two and three dimensional perturbations reveals the existence of three kind of patterns .
+2	At low temperatures , below a mean-field phase transition , these different states condense together in an excitonic order parameter .	In this paper we study an effective model for the normal state of iron-based superconductors .	It has separate , but interacting itinerant and localized degrees of freedom , originating from the d_xz and d_yz , and from d_xy iron orbitals respectively .	We show that at even lower temperature , after another phase transition , this ordered state can spontaneously break the C_4 lattice symmetry and become nematic .	We propose this mechanism as an explanation of the tendency towards nematicity observed in several iron-based compounds .
+4	The method used in this paper can be applied to more general nonlinear parabolic systems and many other linearized ( semi ) -implicit time discretizations for which previous works often require certain restriction on the time-step size $ \tau $ .	This paper is concerned with the time-step condition of commonly-used linearized semi-implicit schemes for nonlinear parabolic PDEs with Galerkin finite element approximations .	In particular , we study the time-dependent nonlinear Joule heating equations .	We present optimal error estimates of the semi-implicit Euler scheme in both the $ L^2 $ norm and the $ H^1 $ norm without any time-step restriction .	Theoretical analysis is based on a new splitting of the error and precise analysis of a corresponding time-discrete system .
+3	Methods : In this cross-sectional , retrospective study , data from 9,948 US patients between 2009 and 2012 were used to develop a pre-screening tool to predict current type 2 diabetes , using multivariate logistic regression .	Objectives : In the United States , 25 % of people with type 2 diabetes are undiagnosed .	Conventional screening models use limited demographic information to assess risk .	We evaluated whether electronic health record ( EHR ) phenotyping could improve diabetes screening , even when records are incomplete and data are not recorded systematically across patients and practice locations .	We compared ( 1 ) a full EHR model containing prescribed medications , diagnoses , and traditional predictive information , ( 2 ) a restricted EHR model where medication information was removed , and ( 3 ) a conventional model containing only traditional predictive information ( BMI , age , gender , hypertensive and smoking status ) .
+2	The Mid-IR emission of late-type galaxies is instead dominated by the thermal emission from dust .	We analyse the integrated properties of the Mid-IR emission of a complete , optically selected sample of galaxies in the Virgo cluster observed with the ISOCAM instrument on board the ISO satellite .	The analysis shows that the Mid-IR emission up to 15 mic of optically-selected , normal early-type galaxies ( E , S0 and S0a ) is dominated by the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of the cold stellar component .	The small dust grains emitting in the Mid-IR have an excess of emission if compared to big grains emitting in the Far-IR .	While the Far-IR emission increases with the intensity of the interstellar radiation field , their Mid-IR emission is non -- linearly related to the UV radiation field .
+3	We consider Darboux first integrals unfolding H_0 ( and its saddle-nodes ) and pseudo-abelian integrals associated to these unfoldings .	We consider an integrable polynomial system with generalized Darboux first integral H_0 .	We assume that it defines a family of real cycles in a region bounded by a polycycle .	To any polynomial form \eta one can associate the pseudo-abelian integrals I ( h ) , which is the first order term of the displacement function of the system perturbed by \eta .	Under genericity assumptions we show the existence of a uniform local bound for the number of zeros of these pseudo-abelian integrals .
+0	Alfven waves and ion-cyclotron absorption of high-frequency waves are frequently brought into models devoted to coronal heating and fast solar-wind acceleration .	Signatures of ion-cyclotron resonance have already been observed in situ in the solar wind ( HELIOS spacecrafts ) and , recently , in the upper corona ( UVCS/SOHO remote-sensing results ) .	We propose a method to constrain both the Alfven wave amplitude and the preferential heating induced by ion-cyclotron resonance , above a partially developed polar coronal hole observed with the SUMER/SOHO spectrometer .	The instrumental stray light contribution is first substracted from the spectra .	By supposing that the non-thermal velocity is related to the Alfven wave amplitude , it is constrained through a density diagnostic and the gradient of the width of the Mg X 625 A line .
+2	The concept generalizes naturally to Markov chains on a countable state space .	The rotor walk is a derandomized version of the random walk on a graph .	On successive visits to any given vertex , the walker is routed to each of the neighboring vertices in some fixed cyclic order , rather than to a random sequence of neighbors .	Subject to general conditions , we prove that many natural quantities associated with the rotor walk ( including normalized hitting frequencies , hitting times and occupation frequencies ) concentrate around their expected values for the random walk .	Furthermore , the concentration is stronger than that associated with repeated runs of the random walk , with discrepancy at most C/n after n runs ( for an explicit constant C ) , rather than c/sqrt n .
+0	Recently , a spin one half matter field with mass dimension one was discovered , called Elko spinors .	The present work shows how to introduce these fields into a curved spacetime by the standard covariantisation scheme .	After formulating the coupled Einstein-Elko field equations , the spacetime is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic in order to simplify the resulting field equations .	Analytical ghost Elko solutions are constructed which have vanishing energy-momentum tensor without and with cosmological constant .	The cosmological Elko theory is finally related to the standard scalar field theory with self interaction that gives rise to inflation and it is pointed out that the Elko spinors are not only prime dark matter candidates but also prime candidates for inflation .
+0	The dependence of cosmological and inflationary parameters on time during the last 60 e-folds in inflation is investigated using a slow-roll inflation model .	The time dependence of the inflaton field is calculated for the case of chaotic inflation by a numerical method rather than the familiar approximations .	It is found that the Hubble parameter and the spectral index decrease in the last 60 e-folds .	The dependence of the power spectrum of the curvature perturbation on the size perturbation k is calculated numerically , and it is shown that the overall constant value of the power spectrum thus determined differs from that given by the familiar method .	However , the k-dependent spectra of the numerical calculation , the Bessel function approximation , and the familiar Taylor expansion are all found to be consistent .
+2	The three exponents are confirmed to satisfy the scaling relation $ \zeta=d_ { \rm s } /2-\theta $ derived by the droplet theory within our numerical accuracy .	Domain-wall free-energy $ \delta F $ , entropy $ \delta S $ , and the correlation function , $ C_ { \rm temp } $ , of $ \delta F $ are measured independently in the four-dimensional $ \pm J $ Edwards-Anderson ( EA ) Ising spin glass .	The stiffness exponent $ \theta $ , the fractal dimension of domain walls $ d_ { \rm s } $ and the chaos exponent $ \zeta $ are extracted from the finite-size scaling analysis of $ \delta F $ , $ \delta S $ and $ C_ { \rm temp } $ respectively well inside the spin-glass phase .	We also study bond chaos induced by random variation of bonds , and find that the bond and temperature perturbations yield the universal chaos effects described by a common scaling function and the chaos exponent .	These results strongly support the appropriateness of the droplet theory for the description of chaos effect in the EA Ising spin glasses .
+0	We report experimental observations of the core dynamics of multi-armed , rotating spirals in Rayleigh-Benard convection for a fluid with Prandtl number near one .	In addition to the large-scale rotation of the spirals , we found a cyclic core motion within a central area of radius r = appr .	( n lambda/2 ) , where n is the number of spiral arms ending in the core and lambda is the wavelength of the pattern .	The dynamics of the core was much faster than the large-scale spiral rotation .	We observed multi-armed spirals for which the two periods were commensurate and others for which they were incommensurate .
+1	However , in settings involving large datasets -- -which are increasingly prevalent -- -the computation of bootstrap-based quantities can be prohibitively demanding computationally .	The bootstrap provides a simple and powerful means of assessing the quality of estimators .	While variants such as subsampling and the $ m $ out of $ n $ bootstrap can be used in principle to reduce the cost of bootstrap computations , we find that these methods are generally not robust to specification of hyperparameters ( such as the number of subsampled data points ) , and they often require use of more prior information ( such as rates of convergence of estimators ) than the bootstrap .	As an alternative , we introduce the Bag of Little Bootstraps ( BLB ) , a new procedure which incorporates features of both the bootstrap and subsampling to yield a robust , computationally efficient means of assessing the quality of estimators .	BLB is well suited to modern parallel and distributed computing architectures and furthermore retains the generic applicability and statistical efficiency of the bootstrap .
+3	The finite size scaling implies a length $ \xi\sim ( \phi-\phi_ { _ { c , \infty } } ) ^ { -\nu } $ with $ \nu=0.81\pm 0.05 $ , which turns out to be a robust and universal length scale exhibited as well in the finite size scaling of multiple quantities measured without shear and independent of particle interaction .	By finding local minima of an enthalpy-like energy , we can generate jammed packings of frictionless spheres under constant shear stress $ \sigma $ and obtain the yield stress $ \sigma_y $ by sampling the potential energy landscape .	For three-dimensional systems with harmonic repulsion , $ \sigma_y $ satisfies the finite size scaling with the limiting scaling relation $ \sigma_y\sim\phi - \phi_ { _ { c , \infty } } $ , where $ \phi_ { _ { c , \infty } } $ is the critical volume fraction of the jamming transition at $ \sigma=0 $ in the thermodynamic limit .	The width or uncertainty of the yield stress decreases with decreasing $ \phi $ and decays to zero in the thermodynamic limit .	Moreover , comparison between our new approach and quasi-static shear reveals that quasi-static shear tends to explore low-energy states .
+2	[ arXiv:1406.7639 ] , we introduce rather a general behavioural model , where the evolution of a heterogeneous population of agents is governed by a Markov chain .	Many analyses of resource-allocation problems employ simplistic models of the population .	Using the example of a resource-allocation problem of Marecek et al .	Still , we are able to show that the distribution of agents across resources converges in distribution , for suitable means of information provision , under certain assumptions .	The model and proof techniques may have wider applicability .
+2	Let A and B be reduced rings containing k , having connected spectra .	We study the units in a tensor product of rings .	For example , let k be an algebraically closed field .	Let u \in A tensor_k B be a unit .	Then u = a tensor_k b for some units a \in A and b \in B .
+4	The dual variable is non-local and has a string attached to it which creates a Z ( 2 ) interface in the system .	We study the three-dimensional SU ( 2 ) lattice gauge theory at finite temperature using an observable which is dual to the Wilson line .	This observable displays a behaviour which is the reverse of that seen for the Wilson line .	It is non-zero in the confined phase and becomes zero in the deconfined phase .	At large distances , it 's correlation function falls off exponentially in the deconfined phase and remains non-zero in the confined phase .
+3	Moreover , complex numbers are not used in the description of its dynamics .	We suggest that the Weil spinors originate from the multi - component fermion fields .	Those fields belong to the unusual theory that , presumably , exists at extremely high energies .	In this theory there is no Lorentz symmetry .	Namely , the one - particle wave functions are real - valued , the functional integral that describes the second - quantised theory does not contain the imaginary unit as well .
+3	The teleportation protocol is based on the heralded entanglement of the atoms through interference and detection of photons emitted from each atom and guided through optical fibers .	Quantum teleportation is the faithful transfer of quantum states between systems , relying on the prior establishment of entanglement and using only classical communication during the transmission .	We report teleportation of quantum information between atomic quantum memories separated by about 1 meter .	A quantum bit stored in a single trapped ytterbium ion ( Yb+ ) is teleported to a second Yb+ atom with an average fidelity of 90 % over a replete set of states .	This scheme may be used for scalable quantum computation and quantum communication .
+4	We consider hadronic decays of the $ \tau^\pm $ , concentrating on the dominant one-prong decay channel $ \tau^\pm \to \rho^\pm \nu_\tau $ .	We present an analysis with improved sensitivity to the light charged Higgs ( $ m_ { H^+ } & lt ; m_t-m_b $ ) searches in the top quark decays $ t \to b H^+ \to b ( \tau^+\nu_\tau ) + ~ { \rm c.c .	} $ in the $ t\bar { t } $ and single $ t/\bar { t } $ production processes at the LHC .	In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( MSSM ) , one anticipates the branching ratio $ { \cal B } ( H^+ \to \tau^+\nu_\tau ) \simeq 1 $ over almost the entire allowed $ \tan \beta $ range .	Noting that the $ \tau^+ $ arising from the decay $ H^+ \to \tau^+\nu_\tau $ are predominantly right-polarized , as opposed to the $ \tau^+ $ from the dominant background $ W^+ \to \tau^+\nu_\tau $ , which are left-polarized , a number of $ H^+/W^+ \to \tau^+\nu_\tau $ discriminators have been proposed and studied in the literature .
+3	Our data also show that the decline in brightness was faster in the V band than in the R and I bands .	We carried out I , R , V and B photometric observations of the neutron star X-ray binary RXTE J2123-058 shortly after the end of the X-ray outburst in mid-1998 .	We adopt the low mass binary model to interpret our observations .	After folding our data on the 0.24821-d orbital period , and correcting for the steady brightness decline following the outburst , we observe sinusoidal oscillations with hints of ellipsoidal modulations which became progressively more evident .	This suggests both the cooling of an irradiation-heated secondary star and the fading of an accretion disc over the nights of our observations .
+2	The purpose of the study is to validate an assumption that the enhanced quasi-trapped electron fluxes can be an important source of the ionization in the topside ionosphere in the range between the low and middle latitudes and to estimate energy deposition .	Near-equatorial great enhancements of the quasi-trapped & gt ; 30 keV electrons at low-altitudes are studied during strong geomagnetic storms .	We have found that the transient phenomenon often began at the morning and was capable to live several hours predominantly over the Pacific region with flux intensities largely exceeded quiet-time level by 4-5 orders of magnitudes .	We show that ionizing particle effect can significantly contribute in storm-time increase of total electron content ( TEC ) or positive ionospheric storm .	We present analysis of medium/great flux events during moderate/major storms on 22 July 2009 and 27 July 2004 as examples for demonstrating concomitances of enhanced electron fluxes with ionospheric storm positive phases .
+0	Generalizing a boolean function from Cleve and Buhrman \cite { cb : sqec } , we consider the class of { \it accumulative boolean functions } of the form $ f_B ( X_1 , X_2 , ... , X_m ) =\bigoplus_ { i=1 } ^n t_B ( x_i^1x_i^2 ... x_i^m ) $ , where $ X_j= ( x^j_1 , x^j_2 , ... , x^j_n ) , 1\leq j\leq m $ and $ t_B ( x_i^1x_i^2 ... x_i^m ) =1 $ for input $ m $ -tuples $ x_i^1x_i^2 ... x_i^m\in B\subseteq A\subseteq \ { 0,1\ } ^n $ , and 0 , if $ x_i^1x_i^2 ... x_i^m\in A\setminus B $ .	Here the set $ A $ is the input { \it promise } set for function $ f_B $ .	The input vectors $ X_j , 1\leq j\leq m $ are given to the $ m\geq 3 $ parties respectively , who communicate cbits in a distributed environment so that one of them ( say Alice ) comes up with the value of the function .	We algebraically characterize entanglement assisted LOCC protocols requiring only $ m-1 $ cbits of communication for such multipartite boolean functions $ f_B $ , for certain sets $ B\subseteq \ { 0,1\ } ^n $ , for $ m\geq 3 $ parties under appropriate uniform parity promise restrictions on input $ m $ -tuples $ x_i^1x_i^2 ... x_i^m , 1\leq i\leq n $ .	We also show that these functions can be computed using $ 2m-3 $ cbits in a purely classical deterministic setup .
+2	The key issues are , stretched exponential character of dielectric relaxation , power-law power spectral density , and anomalous dependence of ac conduction coefficient on frequency .	This paper is concerned with the connection between the properties of dielectric relaxation and ac ( alternating-current ) conduction in disordered dielectrics .	The discussion is divided between the classical linear-response theory and a self-consistent dynamical modeling .	We propose a self-consistent model of dielectric relaxation , in which the relaxations are described by a stretched exponential decay function .	Mathematically , our study refers to the expanding area of fractional calculus and we propose a systematic derivation of the fractional relaxation and fractional diffusion equations from the property of ac universality .
+4	The scheme avoids completely spectral decomposition into characteristic waves , computationally expensive and subject to many degenerate cases in the magnetic case , while it makes use of a two-speed Riemann solver that just require the knowledge of the two local fast magnetosonic velocities .	A third order shock-capturing numerical scheme for three-dimensional special relativistic magnetohydrodynamics ( 3-D RMHD ) is presented and validated against several numerical tests .	The simple and efficient central scheme described in Paper I ( Del Zanna and Bucciantini , Astron .	Astrophys. , 390 , 1177 -- 1186 , 2002 ) for relativistic hydrodynamics is here extended to the magnetic case by following the strategies prescribed for classical MHD by Londrillo and Del Zanna ( Astrophys .	J. , 530 , 508 -- 524 , 2000 ) .
+4	Our algorithm can also be viewed as an interpolation multiplicity assignment scheme for algebraic soft-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon codes .	In this paper , we present an iterative soft-decision decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon codes offering both complexity and performance advantages over previously known decoding algorithms .	Our algorithm is a list decoding algorithm which combines two powerful soft decision decoding techniques which were previously regarded in the literature as competitive , namely , the Koetter-Vardy algebraic soft-decision decoding algorithm and belief-propagation based on adaptive parity check matrices , recently proposed by Jiang and Narayanan .	Building on the Jiang-Narayanan algorithm , we present a belief-propagation based algorithm with a significant reduction in computational complexity .	We introduce the concept of using a belief-propagation based decoder to enhance the soft-input information prior to decoding with an algebraic soft-decision decoder .
+0	We report the detection of the [ CII ] 157.74um fine-structure line in the lensed galaxy BRI 0952-0115 at z=4.43 , using the APEX telescope .	This is the first detection of the [ CII ] line in a source with L_FIR & lt ; 10^13 L_sun at high redshift .	The line is very strong compared to previous [ CII ] detections at high-z ( a factor of 5-8 higher in flux ) , partly due to the lensing amplification .	The L_ [ CII ] /L_FIR ratio is 10^-2.9 , which is higher than observed in local galaxies with similar infrared luminosities .	Together with previous observations of [ CII ] at high redshift , our result suggests that the [ CII ] emission in high redshift galaxies is enhanced relative to local galaxies of the same infrared luminosity .
+0	We propose an analytic model to study intrinsic spin polarization effect in a ballistic Rashba bar with two semi-infinite leads .	The wave functions expanded with plane waves in Rashba bar are required to satisfy boundary conditions at both longitudinal and transverse interfaces .	We find out-of-plane spin Hall accumulation effect can be induced in the Rashba bar even with large dimensions by injecting unpolarized current from the lead .	The longitudinal in-plane spin Hall effect , however , becomes obscure in large-size sample .	An interesting direction-flipping of the out-of-plane spin accumulation is predicted by altering the Rashba coupling strength .
+4	Finally , we present spin non-flip form factors of the anti-decuplet baryons in the framework of the chiral quark soliton model .	We emphasize the importance of identifying non-exotic SU ( 3 ) partners of the Theta^+ pentaquark , and indicate possible ways how to do it .	We also use the soliton picture of baryons to relate Reggeon couplings of various baryons .	These relations are used to estimate the Theta^+ production cross section in high energy processes .	We show that the corresponding cross sections are significantly suppressed relative to the production cross sections of usual baryons .
+1	The RV signal imprinted by a few Earth-mass planet around a cool star is at the limit of the typical single measurement uncertainty obtained using state-of-the-art spectrographs .	The radial velocity ( RV ) method for detecting extrasolar planets has been the most successful to date .	This requires relying on statistics in order to unearth signals buried below noise .	Artifacts introduced by observing cadences can produce spurious signals or mask genuine planets that should be easily detected otherwise .	Here we discuss a particularly confusing statistical degeneracy resulting from the yearly aliasing of the first eccentric harmonic of an already-detected planet .
+1	We show that two crystalline phases of pentacene exist , rather similar in thermodynamic stability and in molecular density .	The crystal structure and phonon dynamics of pentacene is computed with the Quasi Harmonic Lattice Dynamics ( QHLD ) method , based on atom-atom potential .	The two phases can be easily distinguished by Raman spectroscopy in the 10-100 cm-1 spectral region .	We have not found any temperature induced phase transition , whereas a sluggish phase change to the denser phase is induced by pressure .	The bandwidths of the two phases are slightly different .
+1	Vertex corrections are also calculated and are shown to totally suppress the spin Hall conductivity not only at zero- but also at nonzero tempratures .	Using the Matsubara Green function formalism we calculate the temperature dependence of spin Hall and spin Nernst conductivities of a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction in the linear response regime .	In turn , the spin Nernst effect survives the impurity scattering .	Analytical formulas for the spin Hall and spin Nernst conductivities are derived in some specific situations .	Using the Ioffe-Regel localization criterion , we have also estimated the range of parameters where the calculated results for spin Hall and spin Nernst conductivities are applicable .
+2	We present numerical evidence for a phase transition in the behavior of the Hamming distance at a critical value $ K_c\approx 1.65 $ and also an analytic theory that yields the exact bounds on $ 1.5 \le K_c \le 2. $ We also discuss the large oscillations that we observe in the Hamming distance for $ K & lt ; K_c $ as a function of time as well as in the distribution of cycle lengths as a function of cycle length for moderate $ K $ both greater than and less than $ K_c $ .	We continue our consideration of a class of models describing the reversible dynamics of $ N $ Boolean variables , each with $ K $ inputs .	We investigate in detail the behavior of the Hamming distance as well as of the distribution of orbit lengths as $ N $ and $ K $ are varied .	We propose that local structures , or subsets of spins whose dynamics are not fully coupled to the other spins in the system , play a crucial role in generating these oscillations .	The simplest of these structures are linear chains , called linkages , and rings , called circuits .
+2	If one assumes that the internal magnetic field can be as large as that estimated from the scalar virial theorem , considerable effects can be induced .	We study the effects of strong magnetic fields on the neutron star structure .	If the interior field of a star is on the same order of the surface field currently observed , the influences of the magnetic field on the star mass and radius are negligible .	The maximum mass of stars is arisen substantially while the central density is largely suppressed .	For two equal-mass stars the radius of the magnetic star can be larger by about 10 % $ \sim $ 20 % than the nonmagnetic star .
+1	Whenever possible , exact results are derived from quantum field theory calculations .	The evolution of high order correlation functions of a test scalar field in arbitrary inflationary backgrounds is computed .	Taking advantage of the fact that such calculations can be mapped , for super-horizon scales , into those of a classical system , we express the expected correlation functions in terms of classical quantities , power spectra , Green functions , that can be easily computed in the long-wavelength limit .	Explicit results are presented that extend those already known for a de Sitter background .	In particular the expressions of the late time amplitude of bispectrum and trispectrum , as well as the whole high-order correlation structure , are given in terms of the expansion factor behavior .
+2	This background is estimated with the liquid-drop model , and accounts for the greater difference found in proton removal relative to neutron removal .	The trends with mass number are examined for the odd-even-staggering ( OES ) in nuclear binding of neutrons and protons through the conventional measures $ \Delta^ { ( 3 ) } $ .	The large differences previously observed between these trends for even and odd values of these measures is found to arise , in part , from the slow variation of binding energies with mass and charge which provides a background contribution .	The differences which persist after backgrounds are removed can not be treated in the conventional liquid-drop model but require the addition of a new term .	Such a term is investigated , and its effect on specific values of the OES is calcutated .
+4	Comparing the radio source list to surveys in optical and X-ray , we identify three optical/X-ray supernova remnants .	We present analyses of deep radio observations of M83 taken with the Very Large Array spanning fifteen years , including never before published observations from 1990 and 1998 .	We report on the evolution of 55 individual point sources , which include four of the six known historical supernovae in this galaxy .	A total of 10 sources have X-ray counterparts from a { \em Chandra } survey .	Each of these sources show non-thermal spectral indices , and most appear to be X-ray supernova remnants .
+2	However , since smooth hybrid inflation does not last long enough to reproduce the central value of observation , we invoke new inflation after the first inflation .	It is shown that in a smooth hybrid inflation model in supergravity adiabatic fluctuations with a running spectral index with $ \ns & gt ; 1 $ on a large scale and $ \ns & lt ; 1 $ on a smaller scale can be naturally generated , as favored by the first-year data of WMAP .	It is due to the balance between the nonrenormalizable term in the superpotential and the supergravity effect .	Its initial condition is set dynamically during smooth hybrid inflation and the spectrum of fluctuations generated in this regime can have an appropriate shape to realize early star formation as found by WMAP .	Hence two new features of WMAP observations are theoretically explained in a unified manner .
+3	An unbiased measurement of the Hubble constant can be also inferred .	Knowledge of the intrinsic shape of galaxy clusters is very important in investigating cosmic structure formation and astrophysical processes .	The reconstruction of the 3-dimensional structure usually relies on deprojecting 2-dimensional X-ray , Sunyaev-Zeldovich ( SZ ) and/or gravitational lensing observations .	As known , a joint analysis of these data sets can provide the elongation of the cluster along the line of sight together with its length and width in the plane of the sky .	Due to some intrinsic degeneracies , the observational constraints obtained from such projected data-sets are not enough to allow an unique inversion .
+0	The self-gravitating , spherically symmetric thin shells built of orbiting particles are sstudied .	Two new features are found .	One is the minimal possible value for an angular momentum of particles , above which elleptic orbits become possible .	The second is the coexistence of both the wormhole solutions and the elleptic or hyperbolic orbits for the same values of the parameters ( but different initial conditions ) .	Possible applications of these results to astrophysics and quantum black holes are briefly discussed .
+0	The dynamics of entangled state interacting with a single cavity mode is investigated in the presence of a random parameter .	We have shown that degree of entanglement decays with time and rate of decay is defined by features of random parameter .	Quantum teleportation through dissipative channal and teleportation fidelity as a function of damping rates has been studied .	The sensitivity of the fidelity with respect to random parameter is discussed .	We have evaluated the time interval during which one can perform the quantum teleportation and send the information with reasonable fidelity , for a given values of correlation length of random parameter .
+3	We consider the original Khovanov homology and also the homology defined by Stosic via the dichromatic polynomial , and examine those values of the Potts model where the partition function can be expressed in terms of homological Euler characteristics .	This paper is dedicated to Oleg Viro on his 60-th birthday .	The paper is about Khovanov homology and its relationships with statistical mechanics models such as the Ising model and the Potts model .	We give a relatively self-contained introduction to Khovanov homology , and also a reformulation of the Potts model in terms of a bracket state sum expansion on a knot diagram K ( G ) related to a planar graph G via the medial construction .	These points occur at imaginary temperature .
+4	Our Datalog extension provides convenient mechanisms to include numerical probability functions ; in particular , conclusions of rules may contain values drawn from such functions .	Formalisms for specifying statistical models , such as probabilistic-programming languages , typically consist of two components : a specification of a stochastic process ( the prior ) , and a specification of observations that restrict the probability space to a conditional subspace ( the posterior ) .	Use cases of such formalisms include the development of algorithms in machine learning and artificial intelligence .	We propose and investigate a declarative framework for specifying statistical models on top of a database , through an appropriate extension of Datalog .	By virtue of extending Datalog , our framework offers a natural integration with the database , and has a robust declarative semantics .
+2	In the case of superradiance , this potential is attractive for close enough atoms and can be interpreted as a coherent mesoscopic effect .	We study the influence of cooperative effects such as superradiance and subradiance , on the scattering properties of dilute atomic gases .	We show that cooperative effects lead to an effective potential between pairs of atoms that decays like $ 1/r $ .	We consider a model of multiple scattering of a photon among superradiant pairs and calculate the elastic mean free path and the group velocity .	We study first the case of a scalar wave which allows to obtain and to understand basic features of cooperative effects and multiple scattering .
+2	Contacted with gold electrodes , such devices exhibit p-type behavior and temperature-dependent photoconductivity .	Two-dimensional materials are considered for future quantum devices and are usually produced by extensive methods like molecular beam epitaxy .	We report on the fabrication of field-effect transistors using individual ultra-thin lead sulfide nanostructures with lateral dimensions in the micrometer range and a height of a few nanometers as conductive channel produced by a comparatively fast , inexpensive , and scalable colloidal chemistry approach .	Trap states play a crucial role in the conduction mechanism .	The performance of the transistors is among the ones of the best devices based on colloidal nanostructures .
+0	In the present work , via computational simulation we study the statistical distribution of people versus number of steps acquired by them in a learning process , considering Darwin classical theory of evolution , i.e.competition , learning and survival for the fittest .	We consider that learning ability is normally distributed .	We found that the number of people versus step acquired by them in a learning process is given through a power law ( N ( n ) =cn^-alpha ) .	As competition , learning and survival for the fittest is also at the heart of all economical and social systems , we consider that in some cases , power law scaling is a quantitative description of Darwin theory of evolution .	This gives an alternative thinking in holistic properties of complex systems .
+3	In order to understand how the same physical process can lead to different z=0 radial profiles , we examined the potential at accretion of each stripped particle .	The outer haloes of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies contain as much important information on their assembly and formation history as the properties of the discs resident in their centres .	In this paper we have used the Constrained Local UniversE Simulation project to disentangle the stellar and DM component of three galaxies that resemble the MW , M31 and M33 using both DM only and DM + gas-dynamical simulations .	Stars that are accreted in substructures and then stripped follow a completely different radial distribution than the stripped DM : the stellar halo is much more centrally concentrated than DM .	We found that star particles sit at systematically higher potentials than DM , making them harder to strip .
+0	A key feature of BPS multi-center solutions is that the equations controlling the positions of these centers are not renormalized as one goes from weak to strong coupling .	In particular , this means that brane probes can capture the same information as the fully back-reacted supergravity solution .	We investigate this non-renormalization property for non-supersymmetric , extremal `` almost-BPS '' solutions at intermediate coupling when one of the centers is considered as a probe in the background created by the other centers .	We find that despite the lack of supersymmetry , the probe action reproduces exactly the equations underlying the fully back-reacted solution , which indicates that these equations also do not receive quantum corrections .	In the course of our investigation we uncover the relation between the charge parameters of almost-BPS supergravity solutions and their quantized charges , which solves an old puzzle about the quantization of the charges of almost-BPS solutions .
+1	Our poor knowledge is the result of strong selection biases against low surface brightness and small scale size galaxies in any optically selected sample .	The local space density of galaxies as a function of their basic structural parameters -luminosity , surface brightness and scale size- is still poorly known .	We derive bivariate space density distributions by correcting a sample of ~1000 local Sb-Sdm spiral galaxies for its selection effects .	We present a parameterization of these bivariate distributions , based on a Schechter type luminosity function and a log-normal scale size distribution at a given luminosity .	We next calculate the bivariate distributions as function of redshift using the Hubble Deep Field , and conclude that at higher redshift there is a decrease in space density of luminous , large scale size galaxies , but the density of smaller galaxies stays nearly the same .
+2	Our analysis of the particle 's stochastic thermodynamics is based on the entropy production associated with single particle trajectories .	We analyze the translational and rotational motion of an ellipsoidal Brownian particle from the viewpoint of stochastic thermodynamics .	The particle 's Brownian motion is driven by external forces and torques and takes place in an heterogeneous thermal environment where friction coefficients and ( local ) temperature depend on space and time .	It is motivated by the recent discovery that the overdamped limit of vanishing inertia effects ( as compared to viscous fricion ) produces a so-called `` anomalous '' contribution to the entropy production , which has no counterpart in the overdamped approximation , when inertia effects are simply discarded .	Here , we show that rotational Brownian motion in the overdamped limit generates an additional contribution to the `` anomalous '' entropy .
+3	We describe parameterisations for modular representations of dimension two and of dimension three .	We initiate a study of the rings of invariants of modular representations of elementary abelian p-groups .	With a few notable exceptions , the modular representation theory of an elementary abelian p-group is wild .	However , for a given dimension , it is possible to parameterise the representations .	We compute the ring of invariants for all two dimensional representations ; these rings are generated by two algebraically independent elements .
+3	In this paper , UWB positioning systems are surveyed and we focus on sampling methods for handling UWB signals .	Millimeter-accuracy Ultra-Wideband ( UWB ) positioning systems using the Time Difference Of Arrival ( TDOA ) algorithm are able to be utilized in military and many other important applications .	Previous research on UWB positioning system has achieved up to mm or sub-mm accuracy .	However , one bottleneck in UWB system is at sampling high resolution UWB signals , as well as high resolution timing information .	Among different sampling methods , one traditional way is the sequential sampling method , which is not a real time sampling method and blocks UWB positioning system to achieve higher precision .
+1	Our model gives a unified description of quark and lepton with the same texture form based on an extended flavor $ 2 \leftrightarrow 3 $ symmetry with a phase .	We analyze the lepton sector of a recently proposed nonsymmetric mass matrix model .	By investigating possible types of assignment for masses , we find that the model can lead to large lepton mixings which are consistent with experimental values .	We also find that the model predicts a very small value , $ 1.3\times10^ { -10 } $ , for the lepton mixing matrix element square $ |U_ { 13 } |^2 $ .	The CP violating phases in the lepton mixing matrix and a suppression of the averaged neutrino mass in the neutrinoless double beta decay are also predicted .
+0	We experimentally study the propagation of microwaves in an artificial honeycomb lattice made of dielectric resonators .	This evanescent propagation is well described by a tight-binding model , very much like the propagation of electrons in graphene .	We measure the density of states , as well as the wave function associated with each eigenfrequency .	By changing the distance between the resonators , it is possible to modulate the amplitude of next- ( next- ) nearest-neighbor hopping parameters and to study their effect on the density of states .	The main effect is the density of states becoming dissymmetric and a shift of the energy of the Dirac points .
+0	We consider the free propagation of totally symmetric massive bosonic fields in nontrivial backgrounds .	The mutual compatibility of the dynamical equations and constraints in flat space amounts to the existence of an Abelian algebra formed by the d'Alembertian , divergence and trace operators .	The latter , along with the symmetrized gradient , symmetrized metric and spin operators , actually generate a bigger non-Abelian algebra , which we refer to as the `` consistency '' algebra .	We argue that in nontrivial backgrounds , it is some deformed version of this algebra that governs the consistency of the system .	This can be motivated , for example , from the theory of charged open strings in a background gauge field , where the Virasoro algebra ensures consistent propagation .
+0	The Kepler mission discovery of candidate transiting exoplanets ( KOIs ) enables a plethora of ensemble analysis of the architecture and properties of exoplanetary systems .	We compare the observed transit durations of KOIs to a synthetic distribution generated from the known eccentricities of radial velocity ( RV ) discovered exoplanets .	We find that the Kepler and RV distributions differ at a statistically significant level .	We identify three related systematic trends that are likely due to errors in stellar radii , which in turn affect the inferred exoplanet radii and the distribution thereof , and prevent a valid analysis of the underlying ensemble eccentricity distribution .	First , 15 % of KOIs have transit durations & gt ; 20 % longer than the transit duration expected for an edge-on circular orbit , including 92 KOIs with transit durations & gt ; 50 % longer , when only a handful of such systems are expected .
+2	No optical counterpart is detectable ( V & gt ; 20 mag ) , but a possible infrared counterpart within the Swift/XRT error radius is detected in the 2MASS and Spitzer/GLIMPSE survey .	We present the first combined study of the recently discovered source IGR J16283-4838 with Swift , INTEGRAL , and RXTE .	The source , discovered by INTEGRAL on April 7 , 2005 , shows a highly absorbed ( variable N_H = 0.4 - 1.7 x 1e23 1/cm**2 ) and flat ( photon index = 1 ) spectrum in the Swift/XRT and RXTE/PCA data .	The observations suggest that IGR J16283-4838 is a high mass X-ray binary containing a neutron star embedded in Compton thick material .	This makes IGR J16283-4838 a member of the class of highly absorbed HMXBs , discovered by INTEGRAL .
+4	Given a fixed halo mass function , matching the observed image separation distribution or local velocity function depends largely on Omega_b through its effects on the cooling time scales .	The halo mass function , dn/dM , predicted by hierarchical clustering models can be measured indirectly using dynamical probes like the distribution of gravitational lens image separations , dn/dDelta-theta , or halo circular velocities , dn/d v_c .	These dynamical variables depend on the halo structure as well as the halo mass .	Since baryonic physics , particularly cooling , significantly modifies the central density structure of dark matter halos , both observational distributions show a feature corresponding to the mass scale below which the baryons in the halo can cool ( i.e.galaxies versus clusters ) .	We use simplified but self-consistent models to show that the structural changes to the halos produced by the cooling baryons explain both distributions .
+2	Potential issues include variations in the target catalogue caused by changes either in the targeting algorithm or properties of the data used , the pattern of spectroscopic observations , the spatial distribution of targets for which redshifts were not obtained , and variations in the target sky density due to observational systematics .	The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey ( BOSS ) , part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) III project , has provided the largest survey of galaxy redshifts available to date , in terms of both the number of galaxy redshifts measured by a single survey , and the effective cosmological volume covered .	Key to analysing the clustering of these data to provide cosmological measurements is understanding the detailed properties of this sample .	We document here the target selection algorithms used to create the galaxy samples that comprise BOSS .	We also present the algorithms used to create large scale structure catalogues for the final Data Release ( DR12 ) samples and the associated random catalogues that quantify the survey mask .
+4	Relevance between features is represented as streets .	To facilitate understanding the architecture of a software system , we developed SArF Map technique that visualizes software architecture from feature and layer viewpoints using a city metaphor .	SArF Map visualizes implicit software features using our previous study , SArF dependency-based software clustering algorithm .	Since features are high-level abstraction units of software , a generated map can be directly used for high-level decision making such as reuse and also for communications between developers and non-developer stakeholders .	In SArF Map , each feature is visualized as a city block , and classes in the feature are laid out as buildings reflecting their software layer .
+4	We present three Monte Carlo case studies to illustrate the utility of these observables : 2-point correlators for quark/gluon discrimination , 3-point correlators for boosted W/Z/Higgs boson identification , and 4-point correlators for boosted top quark identification .	We show how generalized energy correlation functions can be used as a powerful probe of jet substructure .	These correlation functions are based on the energies and pair-wise angles of particles within a jet , with ( N+1 ) -point correlators sensitive to N-prong substructure .	Unlike many previous jet substructure methods , these correlation functions do not require the explicit identification of subjet regions .	In addition , the correlation functions are better probes of certain soft and collinear features that are masked by other methods .
+0	The permanental polynomial of a graph $ G $ is $ \pi ( G , x ) \triangleq\mathrm { per } ( xI-A ( G ) ) $ .	From the result that a bipartite graph $ G $ admits an orientation $ G^e $ such that every cycle is oddly oriented if and only if it contains no even subdivision of $ K_ { 2,3 } $ , Yan and Zhang showed that the permanental polynomial of such a bipartite graph $ G $ can be expressed as the characteristic polynomial of the skew adjacency matrix $ A ( G^e ) $ .	In this paper we first prove that this equality holds only if the bipartite graph $ G $ contains no even subdivision of $ K_ { 2,3 } $ .	Then we prove that such bipartite graphs are planar .	Further we mainly show that a 2-connected bipartite graph contains no even subdivision of $ K_ { 2,3 } $ if and only if it is planar 1-cycle resonant .
+3	How can we measure and predict the quality of a user 's experience on a telco network in real-time ?	Telecommunications operators ( telcos ) traditional sources of income , voice and SMS , are shrinking due to customers using over-the-top ( OTT ) applications such as WhatsApp or Viber .	In this challenging environment it is critical for telcos to maintain or grow their market share , by providing users with as good an experience as possible on their network .	But the task of extracting customer insights from the vast amounts of data collected by telcos is growing in complexity and scale everey day .	That is the problem that we address in this paper .
+2	In contrast with ferroelectric BaTiO3 and KNbO3 , we find significant involvement of the Pb atom in the lattice instability .	An effective Hamiltonian for the ferroelectric transition in PbTiO3 is constructed from first-principles density-functional-theory total-energy and linear-response calculations through the use of a localized , symmetrized basis set of `` lattice Wannier functions . ''	Explicit parametrization of the polar lattice Wannier functions is used for subspace projection , addressing the issues of LO-TO splitting and coupling to the complementary subspace .	Monte Carlo simulations for this Hamiltonian show a first-order cubic-tetragonal transition at 660 K. Resulting temperature dependence of spontaneous polarization , c/a ratio and unit-cell volume near the transition are in good agreement with experiment .	Comparison of Monte Carlo results with mean field theory analysis shows that both strain and fluctuations are necessary to produce the first order character of this transition .
+1	`` Massless '' is used here by reference to conformal invariance and propagation on the dS light-cone whereas `` massive '' refers to those dS fields which contract at zero curvature unambiguously to massive fields in Minkowski space .	In the present work the massless vector field in the de Sitter ( dS ) space has been quantized .	Due to the gauge invariance of the massless vector field , its covariant quantization requires an indecomposable representation of the de Sitter group and an indefinite metric quantization .	We will work with a specific gauge fixing which leads to the simplest one among all possible related Gupta-Bleuler structures .	The field operator will be defined with the help of coordinate independent de Sitter waves ( the modes ) which are simple to manipulate and most adapted to group theoretical matters .
+0	The Einstein equations have proven surprisingly difficult to solve numerically .	A standard diagnostic of the problems which plague the field is the failure of computational schemes to satisfy the constraints , which are known to be mathematically conserved by the evolution equations .	We describe a new approach to rewriting the constraints as first-order evolution equations , thereby guaranteeing that they are satisfied to a chosen accuracy by any discretization scheme .	This introduces a set of four subsidiary constraints which are far simpler than the standard constraint equations , and which should be more easily conserved in computational applications .	We explore the manner in which the momentum constraints are already incorporated in several existing formulations of the Einstein equations , and demonstrate the ease with which our new constraint-conserving approach can be incorporated into these schemes .
+1	Much work has been done to understand the dependence between the spectral index beta_Obs and the colour temperature T_C that is partly caused by the noise .	Because of the Herschel and Planck satellite missions , there is strong interest in the interpretation the sub-millimetre dust spectra from interstellar clouds .	The ( T_C , beta_Obs ) confidence regions are elongated , banana-shaped structures .	We studied under which conditions these exhibit anomalous , strongly non-Gaussian behaviour that could affect the interpretation of the observed ( T_C , beta_Obs ) relations .	We examined modified black body spectra and spectra calculated from radiative transfer models of filamentary clouds at wavelengths 100um-850um .
+1	Consider multiple theta function identities of the form $ \sum_ { k=1 } ^ { m } c_k \theta_k ( a_1 , a_2 , \ldots , a_r ) =0 $ , where $ r , m\geq 2 $ , $ \theta_k =\prod_ { i=1 } ^ { n_k } f_ { k , i } ( a_1 , a_2 , \ldots , a_r ) $ , $ \ 1 & lt ; n_k\le r $ and each $ f_ { k , i } $ is of form $ ( p_ { k , i } , q^ { \beta_ { k , i } } /p_ { k , i } ; q^ { \beta_ { k , i } } ) _\infty $ with $ \beta_ { k , i } $ being a positive integer and $ p_ { k , i } $ being a monomial in $ a_1 , a_2 , \ldots , a_r $ and $ q $ .	We present a vector space approach to proving identities on multiple theta functions by verifying a finite number of simpler relations which are often verifiable by using Jacobi 's triple product identity .	For such an identity , $ \theta_1 , \theta_2 , \ldots , \theta_m $ satisfy the same set of linearly independent contiguous relations .	Let $ W $ be the set of exponent vectors of $ ( a_1 , a_2 , \ldots , a_r ) $ in the contiguous relations .	We consider the case when the exponent vectors of $ ( a_1 , a_2 , \ldots , a_r ) $ in $ p_ { k,1 } , p_ { k,2 } , \ldots , p_ { k , n_k } $ are linearly independent for any $ k $ .
+4	We capture this dependency by computing the conditional probability of each entry in each vector being non-zero , given the `` residuals '' of all previous vectors .	Various studies that address the compressed sensing problem with Multiple Measurement Vectors ( MMVs ) have been recently carried .	These studies assume the vectors of the different channels to be jointly sparse .	In this paper , we relax this condition .	Instead we assume that these sparse vectors depend on each other but that this dependency is unknown .
+0	An asymmetric binary covering code of length n and radius R is a subset C of the n-cube Q_n such that every vector x in Q_n can be obtained from some vector c in C by changing at most R 1 's of c to 0 's , where R is as small as possible .	K^+ ( n , R ) is defined as the smallest size of such a code .	We show K^+ ( n , R ) is of order 2^n/n^R for constant R , using an asymmetric sphere-covering bound and probabilistic methods .	We show K^+ ( n , n-R ' ) =R'+1 for constant coradius R ' iff n & gt ; =R ' ( R'+1 ) /2 .	These two results are extended to near-constant R and R ' , respectively .
+2	We find that the nuclear ring might in fact be part of an inner one-armed spiral , that could be driving nuclear accretion and feeding the central activity in the inner kpc .	NGC 3642 was classified as a spiral galaxy with three rings and no bar .	We have performed an HI and optical study of this nearly face-on galaxy .	The inner ring is faint , and the outer ring is a rather ill-defined pseudoring .	Furthermore , the size ratio of the rings is such that they can not be due to a single pattern speed linking them together .
+0	In the post-genome era , biologists have sought to measure the complete complement of proteins , termed proteomics .	Currently , the most effective method to measure the proteome is with shotgun , or bottom-up , proteomics , in which the proteome is digested into peptides that are identified followed by protein inference .	Despite continuous improvements to all steps of the shotgun proteomics workflow , observed proteome coverage is often low ; some proteins are identified by a single peptide sequence .	Complete proteome sequence coverage would allow comprehensive characterization of RNA splicing variants and all post translational modifications , which would drastically improve the accuracy of biological models .	There are many reasons for the sequence coverage deficit , but ultimately peptide length determines sequence observability .
+0	A numerical method is described for studying how elastic waves interact with imperfect contacts such as fractures or glue layers existing between elastic solids .	These contacts have been classicaly modeled by interfaces , using a simple rheological model consisting of a combination of normal and tangential linear springs and masses .	The jump conditions satisfied by the elastic fields along the interfaces are called the `` spring-mass conditions '' .	By tuning the stiffness and mass values , it is possible to model various degrees of contact , from perfect bonding to stress-free surfaces .	The conservation laws satisfied outside the interfaces are integrated using classical finite-difference schemes .
+3	We show that the effect of having dynamic spiral arms is to limit the age of cosmic rays at low energies .	We develop a fully three dimensional numerical code describing the diffusion of cosmic rays in the Milky Way .	It includes the nuclear spallation chain up to Oxygen , and allows the study of various cosmic ray properties , such as the CR age , grammage traversed , and the ratio between secondary and primary particles .	This code enables us to explore a model in which a large fraction of the cosmic ray acceleration takes place in the vicinity of galactic spiral arms and that these spiral arms are dynamic .	This is because at low energies the time since the last spiral arm passage governs the Cosmic Ray ( CR ) age , and not diffusion .
+4	Solutions to all the Hamilton-Jacobi equations for the theory and the Dirac quantization conditions in the coordinate representation are given .	A four dimensional generally covariant field theory is presented which describes non-dynamical three geometries coupled to scalar fields .	The theory has an infinite number of physical observables ( or constants of the motion ) which are constructed from loops made from scalar field configurations .	The Poisson algebra of these observables is closed and is the same as that for the 3+1 gravity loop variables in the Ashtekar formalism .	The theory also has observables that give the areas of open surfaces and the volumes of finite regions .
+4	In particular , we show for a large class of semiflows ( including the case of delay differential equations ) that the stability of attractors is invariant under this transformation .	In this article we study networks of coupled dynamical systems with time-delayed connections .	If two such networks hold different delays on the connections it is in general possible that they exhibit different dynamical behavior as well .	We prove that for particular sets of delays this is not the case .	To this aim we introduce a componentwise timeshift transformation ( CTT ) which allows to classify systems which possess equivalent dynamics , though possibly different sets of connection delays .
+2	Solid oxygen forms a metallic zig-zag chain-like structure ( Cmcm ) at about 3.0 TPa , but the chains in each layer gradually merge as the pressure is increased and a structure of Fmmm symmetry forms at about 9.5 TPa in which each atom has four nearest neighbors .	Computational searches for structures of solid oxygen under pressures in the multi TPa range have been carried out using density-functional-theory methods .	We find that molecular oxygen persists to about 1.9 TPa at which it transforms into a semiconducting square spiral-like polymeric structure ( I41/acd ) with a band gap of about 3.0 eV .	The superconducting properties of molecular oxygen do not vary much with compression , although the structure becomes more symmetric .	The electronic properties of oxygen have a complex evolution with pressure , swapping between insulating , semiconducting and metallic .
+2	From the $ \alpha $ , the perturbation potential cost for density response onset , by which the $ \Delta n $ begins to be induced , is removed .	A linear-response method to calculate the effective Coulomb interaction ( $ U $ ) between closed-shell localized electrons is suggested and applied to the $ 3d $ closed-shell systems ( Cu , Zn , and ZnO ) based on plane-wave basis density-functional theory calculations .	Since the closed-shell localized states are far below the Fermi level , large local perturbation potential ( $ \alpha $ ) projected to the localized states is applied to induce purposeful density response ( $ \Delta n $ ) .	The main screening channel for the effective Coulomb interaction is the itinerant electrons deoccupied from the perturbed localized states .	The Cu , Zn , and ZnO $ 3d $ electron binding energies are calculated based on the local density approximation plus $ U $ with the $ U $ values calculated from the linear-response , which are found to be in good agreement with experiments .
+3	Specifically , we weight the spatial kernel of each historical observation by its informativeness to the current predictive task .	Predicting ambulance demand accurately at fine time and location scales is critical for ambulance fleet management and dynamic deployment .	Large-scale datasets in this setting typically exhibit complex spatio-temporal dynamics and sparsity at high resolutions .	We propose a predictive method using spatio-temporal kernel density estimation ( stKDE ) to address these challenges , and provide spatial density predictions for ambulance demand in Toronto , Canada as it varies over hourly intervals .	We construct spatio-temporal weight functions to incorporate various temporal and spatial patterns in ambulance demand , including location-specific seasonalities and short-term serial dependence .
+4	The theory is exemplified by the case of a spin octahedron .	We provide a unified framework for the treatment of special integrable systems which we propose to call `` generalized mean field systems '' .	Thereby previous results on integrable classical and quantum systems are generalized .	Following Ballesteros and Ragnisco , the framework consists of a unital algebra with brackets , a Casimir element , and a coproduct which can be lifted to higher tensor products .	The coupling scheme of the iterated tensor product is encoded in a binary tree .
+0	Alignment-based sequence similarity searches , while accurate for some type of sequences , can produce incorrect results when used on more divergent but functionally related sequences that have undergone the sequence rearrangements observed in many bacterial and viral genomes .	Here , we propose a classification model that exploits the complementary nature of alignment-based and alignment-free similarity measures with the aim to improve the accuracy with which DNA and protein sequences are characterized .	Our model classifies sequences using a combined sequence similarity score calculated by adaptively weighting the contribution of different sequence similarity measures .	Weights are determined independently for each sequence in the test set and reflect the discriminatory ability of individual similarity measures in the training set .	Since the similarity between some sequences is determined more accurately with one type of measure rather than another , our classifier allows different sets of weights to be associated with different sequences .
+0	We construct perturbatively a class of charged black hole solutions in type 0A string theory with higher derivative terms .	They have extremal limit , where the solution interpolates smoothly between near horizon AdS_2 geometry and the asymptotic linear dilaton geometry .	We compute the free energy and the entropy of those solution using various methods .	In particular , we show that there is no correction in the leading term of the free energy in the large charge limit .	This supports the duality of the type 0A strings on the extremal black hole and the 0A matrix model in which the tree level free energy is exact without any alpha ' corrections .
+1	The solution of Reynolds ' equation may be thought of as the zeroth order term in an expansion of the solution of the Stokes equations in powers of the aspect ratio $ \epsilon $ of the domain .	Reynolds ' lubrication approximation is used extensively to study flows between moving machine parts , in narrow channels , and in thin films .	In this paper , we show how to compute the terms in this expansion to arbitrary order on a two-dimensional , $ x $ -periodic domain and derive rigorous , a-priori error bounds for the difference between the exact solution and the truncated expansion solution .	Unlike previous studies of this sort , the constants in our error bounds are either independent of the function $ h ( x ) $ describing the geometry , or depend on $ h $ and its derivatives in an explicit , intuitive way .	Specifically , if the expansion is truncated at order $ 2k $ , the error is $ O ( \epsilon^ { 2k+2 } ) $ and $ h $ enters into the error bound only through its first and third inverse moments $ \int_0^1 h ( x ) ^ { -m } dx $ , $ m=1,3 $ and via the max norms $ \big\|\frac { 1 } { \ell ! }
+0	We give a new explicit construction of $ n\times N $ matrices satisfying the Restricted Isometry Property ( RIP ) .	Namely , for some c & gt ; 0 , large N and any n satisfying N^ { 1-c } & lt ; n & lt ; N , we construct RIP matrices of order k^ { 1/2+c } .	This overcomes the natural barrier k=O ( n^ { 1/2 } ) for proofs based on small coherence , which are used in all previous explicit constructions of RIP matrices .	Key ingredients in our proof are new estimates for sumsets in product sets and for exponential sums with the products of sets possessing special additive structure .	We also give a construction of sets of n complex numbers whose k-th moments are uniformly small for 1\le k\le N ( Turan 's power sum problem ) , which improves upon known explicit constructions when ( \log N ) ^ { 1+o ( 1 ) } \le n\le ( \log N ) ^ { 4+o ( 1 ) } .
+1	Problems of the absolute G measurements and its possible time and range variations are reflections of the unification problem .	Gravitation as a fundamental interaction that governs all phenomena at large and very small scales , but still not well understood at a quantum level , is a missing cardinal link to unification of all physical interactions .	Integrable multidimensional models of gravitation and cosmology make up one of the proper approaches to study basic issues and strong field objects , the Early Universe and black hole physics in particular .	The choice , nature , classification and precision of determination of fundamental physical constants are described .	The problem of their temporal variations is also discussed , temporal and range variations of G in particular .
+2	We propose here a new Monte Carlo simulation method based on non-Boltzmann sampling in ( guest loading , volume ) space using the Wang-Landau algorithm , and show that it can be used to fully characterize the adsorption properties and the material 's response to adsorption at thermodynamic equilibrium .	Soft porous crystals are flexible metal-organic frameworks that respond to physical stimuli such as temperature , pressure , and gas adsorption by large changes in their structure and unit cell volume .	While they have attracted a lot of interest , molecular simulation methods that directly couple adsorption and large structural deformations in an efficient manner are still lacking .	We showcase this new method on a simple model of the MIL-53 family of breathing materials , demonstrating its potential and contrasting it with the pitfalls of direct , Boltzmann simulations .	We furthermore propose an explanation for the hysteretic nature of adsorption in terms of free energy barriers between the two metastable host phases .
+2	With the aim to explain the tiny cosmological constant , we consider the breakings : E_6 - & gt ; SO ( 10 ) X U ( 1 ) _Z - in the O-world , and E'_6 - & gt ; SU ( 6 ) ' X SU ( 2 ) '_\theta - in the Sh-world .	We have developed a concept of parallel existence of the ordinary ( O ) and mirror ( M ) , or shadow ( Sh ) worlds .	E_6 unification , inspired by superstring theory , restores the broken mirror parity at the scale ~ 10^18 GeV .	We assume the existence of shadow \theta-particles and the low energy symmetry group SU ( 3 ) '_C X SU ( 2 ) '_L X SU ( 2 ) '_\theta X U ( 1 ) '_Y in the shadow world , instead of the Standard Model .	The additional non-Abelian SU ( 2 ) '_\theta group with massless gauge fields , `` thetons '' , has a macroscopic confinement radius 1/\Lambda'_\theta .
+4	We show that for a wide range of the parameters the solutions obtained from the permutability theorem are regular solutions .	We introduce a parametric coupled KdV system which contains , for particular values of the parameter , the complex extension of the KdV equation and one of the Hirota-Satsuma integrable systems .	We obtain a generalized Gardner transformation and from the associated $ \varepsilon $ - deformed system we get the infinite sequence of conserved quantities for the parametric coupled system .	We also obtain a B\ '' { a } cklund transformation for the system .	We prove the associated permutability theorem corresponding to such transformation and we generate new multi-solitonic and periodic solutions for the system depending on several parameters .
+3	Interactive learning materials can be easier to understand and deal with their first learning .	The pedagogy of teaching and learning has changed with the proliferation of communication technology and it is necessary to develop interactive learning materials for children that may improve their learning , catching , and memorizing capabilities .	Perhaps , one of the most important innovations in the age of technology is multimedia and its application .	It is imperative to create high quality and realistic learning environment for children .	We developed some interactive learning materials in the form of a video for Playgroup using multimedia application tools .
+1	As a key building block for the analysis of such problems , we consider the Stokes equations with such dynamic outflow boundary conditions in a halfspace and prove the existence of a strong solution in the appropriate Sobolev-Slobodeckij-setting with $ L_p $ ( in time and space ) as the base space for the momentum balance .	Based on energy considerations , we derive a class of dynamic outflow boundary conditions for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations , containing the well-known convective boundary condition but incorporating also the stress at the outlet .	For non-vanishing stress contribution in the boundary condition , the problem is actually shown to have $ L_p $ -maximal regularity under the natural compatibility conditions .	Aiming at an existence theory for problems in weakly singular domains , where different boundary conditions apply on different parts of the boundary such that these surfaces meet orthogonally , we also consider the prototype domain of a wedge with opening angle $ \frac { \pi } { 2 } $ and different combinations of boundary conditions : Navier-Slip with Dirichlet and Navier-Slip with the dynamic outflow boundary condition .	Again , maximal regularity of the problem is obtained in the appropriate functional analytic setting and with the natural compatibility conditions .
+1	To meet the requirements of the ever-growing need for spectrum , efficient utilization of the existing resources is of utmost importance .	Recent advances in cellular communication systems resulted in a huge increase in spectrum demand .	Channel Allocation , has thus become an inevitable research topic in wireless communications .	In this paper , we propose an optimal channel allocation scheme , Optimal Hybrid Channel Allocation ( OHCA ) for an effective allocation of channels .	We improvise upon the existing Fixed Channel Allocation ( FCA ) technique by imparting intelligence to the existing system by employing the multilayer perceptron technique .
+0	This article deals with the starting and stopping problem under Knightian uncertainty , i.e. , roughly speaking , when the probability under which the future evolves is not exactly known .	We show that the lower price of a plant submitted to the decisions of starting and stopping is given by a solution of a system of two reflected backward stochastic differential equations ( BSDEs for short ) .	We solve this latter system and we give the expression of the optimal strategy .	Further we consider a more general system of $ m $ ( $ m\geq 2 $ ) reflected BSDEs with interconnected obstacles .	Once more we show existence and uniqueness of the solution of that system .
+0	Based on the solution of Atanasiu et al .	( 2004 ) , a theoretical model for axisymmetric vortex flows is derived in the present study by solving the vorticity transport equation for an inviscid , incompressible fluid in cylindrical coordinates .	The model can describe a variety of axisymmetric flows with particular boundary conditions at a moderately high Reynolds number .	This paper shows one example : a high Reynolds number laminar vortex ring .	The model can represent a family of vortex rings by specifying the modulus function using a Rayleigh distribution function .
+1	Existing outlier detection methods are ineffective on scattered real-world datasets due to implicit data patterns and parameter setting issues .	Detecting outliers which are grossly different from or inconsistent with the remaining dataset is a major challenge in real-world KDD applications .	We define a novel `` Local Distance-based Outlier Factor '' ( LDOF ) to measure the { outlier-ness } of objects in scattered datasets which addresses these issues .	LDOF uses the relative location of an object to its neighbours to determine the degree to which the object deviates from its neighbourhood .	Properties of LDOF are theoretically analysed including LDOF 's lower bound and its false-detection probability , as well as parameter settings .
+3	As the waveform is well-known the method of matched filtering can be implemented to search for this signal using LIGO data .	According to General Relativity a perturbed black hole will return to a stable configuration by the emission of gravitational radiation in a superposition of quasi-normal modes .	Such a perturbation will occur due to the coalescence of a black hole binary , following their inspiral and subsequent merger .	At late times the waveform , which we refer to as a ringdown , is expected to be dominated by a single mode .	LIGO is sensitive to the dominant mode of perturbed black holes with masses between 10 and 500 M_sun , the regime of intermediate-mass black holes , to a distance of up to 300 Mpc .
+1	We introduce a weighted total-variation penalization , using data-driven weights that correctly scale the penalization along the observation interval .	We consider the problem of learning the inhomogeneous intensity of a counting process , under a sparse segmentation assumption .	We prove that this leads to a sharp tuning of the convex relaxation of the segmentation prior , by stating oracle inequalities with fast rates of convergence , and consistency for change-points detection .	This provides first theoretical guarantees for segmentation with a convex proxy beyond the standard i.i.d signal + white noise setting .	We introduce a fast algorithm to solve this convex problem .
+0	The classical and quantum features of Nambu mechanics are analyzed and fundamental issues are resolved .	The classical theory is reviewed and developed utilizing varied examples .	The quantum theory is discussed in a parallel presentation , and illustrated with detailed specific cases .	Quantization is carried out with standard Hilbert space methods .	With the proper physical interpretation , obtained by allowing for different time scales on different invariant sectors of a theory , the resulting non-Abelian approach to quantum Nambu mechanics is shown to be fully consistent .
+0	A three dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamical ( SPH ) model has been extended to study the radiative driven implosion effect of massive stars on the dynamical evolutions of surrounding molecular clouds .	The new elements in the upgraded code are the inclusion of Lyman continuum in the incident radiation flux and the treatment of hydrogen ionisation process ; introducing ionisation heating & amp ; recombination cooling effects ; and adding a proper description of the magnetic and turbulent pressures to the internal pressure of the molecular cloud .	The application of this newly developed model to the structure of the middle Eagle Nebula finger suggests that the shock induced by the ionising radiation at the front side of the head precedes an ionisation front moving towards the center of the core , and that the core at the fingertip is at transition stage evolving toward a state of induced star formation .	The dynamical evolution of the velocity field of the simulated cloud structure is discussed to illustrate the role of the self-gravity and the different cloud morphologies which appear at different stages in the evolutionary process of the cloud .	The modelled gas evaporation rate is consistent with that of current other models and the density , temperature and chemical profiles are agreement with the observed values .
+3	For the models in the second group , to which we refer as regular , one can point out the best sampling strategy in the discrete model , but not every sampling scheme leads to the same convergence rates ; there are at least two sampling schemes which deliver different convergence rates in the discrete model ( i.e. , at least one of the discrete models leads to convergence rates that are different from the convergence rates in the continuous model ) .	Using the asymptotical minimax framework , we examine convergence rates equivalency between a continuous functional deconvolution model and its real-life discrete counterpart over a wide range of Besov balls and for the $ L^2 $ -risk .	For this purpose , all possible models are divided into three groups .	For the models in the first group , which we call uniform , the convergence rates in the discrete and the continuous models coincide no matter what the sampling scheme is chosen , and hence the replacement of the discrete model by its continuous counterpart is legitimate .	The third group consists of models for which , in general , it is impossible to devise the best sampling strategy ; we call these models irregular .
+4	When edge rippling is included , CH3 edge groups are most stable .	Hydrogenated graphene edges are assumed to be either armchair , zigzag or a combination of the two .	We show that the zigzag is not the most stable fully hydrogenated structure along the & lt ; 2-1-10 & gt ; direction .	Instead hydrogenated Klein and reconstructed Klein based edges are found to be energetically more favourable , with stabilities approaching that of armchair edges .	These new structures `` unify '' graphene edge topology , the most stable flat hydrogenated graphene edges always consisting of pairwise bonded C2H4 edge groups , irrespective the edge orientation .
+0	We consider transverse-momentum ( q_T ) resummation for Drell -- Yan lepton pair production in hadron collisions .	At small values of q_T , the logarithmically-enhanced QCD contributions are resummed up to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy .	At intermediate and large values of q_T , resummation is consistently combined with the fixed-order perturbative result .	We present numerical results for e^+e^- pairs from the decay of Z bosons produced at Tevatron energies .	We perform a detailed study of the scale dependence of the results to estimate the corresponding perturbative uncertainty .
+2	The corresponding isotropic luminosity is 2.9E49 erg/s .	We report the observation by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory of a spectacular flare of radio source PKS 1622-297 .	A peak flux of 17E-6 cm^-2 s^-1 ( E & gt ; 100 MeV ) was observed .	We find that PKS 1622-297 exhibits gamma-ray intra-day variability .	A flux increase by a factor of at least 3.6 was observed to occur in less than 7.1 hours ( with 99 % confidence ) .
+4	Crucial to this method is a self-consistent two-site dynamical cluster expansion which builds in the nearest-neighbour energy scale , $ J $ .	Though most fermionic Mott insulators order at low temperatures , ordering is ancillary to their insulating behaviour .	Our emphasis here is on disentangling ordering from the intrinsic strongly correlated physics of a doped half-filled band .	To this end , we focus on the 2D Hubbard model .	Because the charge gap arises from on-site correlations , we implement a non-perturbative approach which incorporates local physics .
+3	We find evidence of luminosity segregation only for the ellipticals outside substructure and brighter than M_R = -22.0 +/- 0.1 ( h0=100 km/s/Mpc ) .	We study luminosity and morphology segregation of over 3000 cluster galaxies in an ensemble cluster of 59 rich , nearby galaxy clusters observed in the ESO Nearby Cluster Survey ( ENACS ) .	Within this sample we identify those galaxies that are in substructures .	We compare the distribution of projected clustercentric distance , R , and 'normalized ' relative line-of-sight velocity , v , of several subsamples , using the 2D Kolmogorov-Smirnov test .	We confirm the well-known segregation of early- and late-type galaxies .
+3	We calculated the Pearson coefficient for finite networks and observed a slow , power-law like approach to an infinite network limit .	We obtained Pearson 's coefficient of strongly correlated recursive networks growing by preferential attachment of every new vertex by $ m $ edges .	We found that the Pearson coefficient is exactly zero in the infinite network limit for the recursive trees ( $ m=1 $ ) .	If the number of connections of new vertices exceeds one ( $ m & gt ; 1 $ ) , then the Pearson coefficient in the infinite networks equals zero only when the degree distribution exponent $ \gamma $ does not exceed 4 .	Our findings indicate that Pearson 's coefficient strongly depends on size and details of networks , which makes this characteristic virtually useless for quantitative comparison of different networks .
+0	The five-dimensional ( 5D ) Riemannian G\ '' odel-type manifolds are examined in light of the equivalence problem techniques , as formulated by Cartan .	The necessary and sufficient conditions for local homogeneity of these 5D manifolds are derived .	The local equivalence of these homogeneous Riemannian manifolds is studied .	It is found that they are characterized by two essential parameters $ m^2 $ and $ \omega $ : identical pairs $ ( m^2 , \omega ) $ correspond to locally equivalent 5D manifolds .	An irreducible set of isometrically nonequivalent 5D locally homogeneous Riemannian G\ '' odel-type metrics are exhibited .
+2	A second characterization of these generalized derivatives is easier to check in practice , especially in the finite dimensional case .	For a set-valued map , we characterize , in terms of its ( unconvexified or convexified ) graphical derivatives near the point of interest , positively homogeneous maps that are generalized derivatives in the sense of [ 20 ] .	This result generalizes the Aubin criterion in [ 9 ] .	Finally , the third characterization in terms of limiting normal cones and coderivatives generalizes the Mordukhovich criterion in the finite dimensional case .	The convexified coderivative has a bijective relationship with the set of possible generalized derivatives .
+3	In this paper , we will present the results from a series of laboratory tests with this prototype carried out using UV light , 6 keV photons from 55Fe and electrons from 90Sr as well as recent results of tests with a beam of charged pions where for the first time Cherenkov Ring images have been successfully recorded with TGEM photodetectors .	We have built a RICH detector prototype consisting of a liquid C6F14 radiator and six triple Thick Gaseous Electron Multipliers ( TGEMs ) , each of them having an active area of 10x10 cm2 .	One triple TGEM has been placed behind the liquid radiator in order to detect the beam particles , whereas the other five have been positioned around the central one at a distance to collect the Cherenkov photons .	The upstream electrode of each of the TGEM stacks has been coated with a 0.4 micron thick CsI layer .	The achieved results prove the feasibility of building a large area Cherenkov detector consisting of a matrix of TGEMs .
+3	The special relativity principle , which derives necessarily an invariant speed.II .	It is proved that local Lorentz transformations for different systems can not derive varying speed of light .	Based on the special relativity principle , an invariant speed is necessarily obtained .	Therefore , the exact basic principles of the special relativity should be redefined as : I .	Suppose that the invariant speed in the theory is the speed of light in the vacuum c. If the second principle does not hold , for example , the superluminal motions exist , the theory will be still the extensive special relativity , in which the formulations are the same , only c is replaced by the invariant speed .
+2	This effect has great influence in the electronic and optical properties of the system , generating new forms of confinement to the carriers .	Semiconductor nanowhiskers made of III-V compounds exhibit great potential for technological applications .	Controlling the growth conditions , such as temperature and diameter , it is possible to alternate between zinc blend and wurtzite crystalline phases , giving origin to the so called polytypism .	A theoretical model capable to accurately describe electronic and optical properties in these polytypical nanostructures can be used to study and develop new kinds of nanodevices .	In this study , we present the development of a wurtzite/zincblend polytypical model to calculate the electronic band structure of nanowhiskers based on group theory concepts and the k $ \cdot $ p method .
+2	We present a generalization of the Brownian motion model which relaxes assumptions of neutrality and gradualism by considering increments to evolving characters to be drawn from a heavy-tailed stable distribution ( of which the normal distribution is a specialized form ) .	The value of a continuous character evolving on a phylogenetic tree is commonly modelled as the location of a particle moving under one-dimensional Brownian motion with constant rate .	The Brownian motion model is best suited to characters evolving under neutral drift or tracking an optimum that drifts neutrally .	We describe Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for fitting the model to biological data paying special attention to ancestral state reconstruction , and study the performance of the model in comparison with a selection of existing comparative methods , using both simulated data and a database of body mass in 1,679 mammalian species .	We discuss hypothesis testing and model selection .
+1	The black hole charge Q obeys a similar law .	Near the black hole threshold in phase space , the black hole mass as a function of the initial data shows the `` critical scaling '' M \simeq C ( p-p_* ) ^\gamma , where p labels a family of initial data , p_* is the value of p at the threshold , and the critical exponent \gamma is universal for a given matter model .	To complete the picture , we include angular momentum as a perturbation .	For the black hole angular momentum \vec L we find the oscillating behavior \vec L \simeq Re [ ( \vec A + i \vec B ) ( p-p_* ) ^ { \mu+i\omega } ] .	The assumptions of the calculation hold for p = \rho / 3 perfect fluid matter , and we calculate \mu \simeq 0.799 and \omega \simeq 0.231 .
+4	Therefore , by resolving both the problems of the lens parameter degeneracy and blending , SIM observations of gravitational lensing events will significantly better constrain the nature of Galactic dark matter .	Despite the detection of a large number of gravitational microlensing events , the nature of Galactic dark matter remains very uncertain .	This uncertainty is due to two major reasons : the lens parameter degeneracy in the measured Einstein timescale and the blending problem in dense field photometry .	Recently , consideration has been given to routine astrometric followup observations of lensing events using the { \it Space Interferometry Mission } ( SIM ) as a means of breaking the lens parameter degeneracy in microlensing events .	In this paper , we show that in addition to breaking the lens parameter degeneracy , SIM observations can also be used to correct for nearly all types of blending .
+1	We consider two popular approaches , the one-step Temporal Difference fix-point computation ( TD ( 0 ) ) and the Bellman Residual ( BR ) minimization .	We investigate projection methods , for evaluating a linear approximation of the value function of a policy in a Markov Decision Process context .	We describe examples , where each method outperforms the other .	We highlight a simple relation between the objective function they minimize , and show that while BR enjoys a performance guarantee , TD ( 0 ) does not in general .	We then propose a unified view in terms of oblique projections of the Bellman equation , which substantially simplifies and extends the characterization of ( schoknecht,2002 ) and the recent analysis of ( Yu & amp ; Bertsekas , 2008 ) .
+2	Although along each pathway causality is explicitly obeyed , in special cases reshaping can result an overall reduction of the initial envelope , accompanied by an arbitrary coordinate shift .	We consider tunnelling of a non-relativistic particle across a potential barrier .	It is shown that the barrier acts as an effective beam splitter which builds up the transmitted pulse from the copies of the initial envelope shifted in the coordinate space backwards relative to the free propagation .	In the case of a high barrier the delay amplitude distribution ( DAD ) mimics a Dirac $ \delta $ -function , the transmission amplitude is superoscillatory for finite momenta and tunnelling leads to an accurate advancement of the ( reduced ) initial envelope by the barrier width .	In the case of a wide barrier , initial envelope is accurately translated into the complex coordinate plane .
+3	To this end we develop two exact methods and also utilize the first and second order WKB approximations .	Transition states or quantum states of zero energy appear at the boundary between the discrete part of the spectrum of negative energies and the continuum part of positive energy states .	As such , transition states can be regarded as a limiting case of a bound state with vanishing binding energy , emerging for a particular set of critical potential parameters .	In this work we study the properties of these critical parameters for short range central potentials .	Using these methods we have calculated the critical parameters for several widely used central potentials .
+4	Our computer simulations can be either exponentially faster or slower than experiment , depending on the correlations measured .	We carry out probabilistic phase-space sampling of mesoscopic Schr\ '' odinger cat quantum states , demonstrating multipartite Bell violations for up to 60 qubits .	We use states similar to those generated in photonic and ion-trap experiments .	These results show that mesoscopic quantum superpositions are directly accessible to probabilistic sampling , and we analyze the properties of sampling errors .	We also demonstrate dynamical simulation of super-decoherence in ion traps .
+1	Using the discrete Anderson - nonlinear Schr\ '' odinger equation , the propagation of the mode amplitudes up to some finite distance is monitored .	We investigate numerically the effect of the competition of disorder , nonlinearity , and boundaries on the Anderson localization of light waves in finite-size , one-dimensional waveguide arrays .	The analysis is based on the calculated localization length and the participation number , two standard measures for the statistical description of Anderson localization .	For relatively weak disorder and nonlinearity , a higher disorder strength is required to achieve the same degree of localization at the edge than in the interior of the array , in agreement with recent experimental observations in the linear regime .	However , for relatively strong disorder and/or nonlinearity , this behavior is reversed and it is now easier to localize an excitation at the edge than in the interior .
+3	The nebulae around Br 10 , Br 52 , and Br 100 all show influence of the ambient interstellar medium .	We have selected the seven most well-defined WR ring nebulae in the LMC ( Br 2 , Br 10 , Br 13 , Br 40a , Br 48 , Br 52 , and Br 100 ) to study their physical nature and evolutionary stages .	New CCD imaging and echelle observations have been obtained for five of these nebulae ; previous photographic imaging and echelle observations are available for the remaining two nebulae .	Using the nebular dynamics and abundances , we find that the Br 13 nebula is a circumstellar bubble , and that the Br 2 nebula may represent a circumstellar bubble merging with a fossil main-sequence interstellar bubble .	Their regular expansion patterns suggest that they still contain significant amounts of circumstellar material .
+3	We refer to the associated diagrams as `` quark Born diagrams '' .	Recently there has been considerable interest in the subject of molecules , which are weakly bound states of hadron pairs .	The question of the existence of molecules is closely related to the more general problem of the determination of low energy hadron-hadron scattering amplitudes , which is widely believed to require nonperturbative methods .	In this contribution we report on quark model calculations using a simple perturbative scattering mechanism , one gluon exchange followed by constituent interchange .	For the cases chosen to isolate this mechanism , I=2 $ \pi\pi $ , I=3/2 K $ \pi $ and KN the results are usually in good agreement with experimental S-wave scattering amplitudes given standard potential model parameters , and for NN we find perturbative results very similar to the nonperturbative hard cores of Oka and Yazaki .
+3	We find the following signatures of jet emission ( i ) a significant gamma-ray peak above ~10^22 Hz , ( ii ) a break in the optical/UV spectrum , with a change in luminosity from L ~ nu^0 to L ~ nu , followed by another break at higher frequencies where the spectrum roughly returns to L ~ nu^0 , and ( iii ) a pronounced synchrotron peak near or below ~10^14 Hz indicates that a significant fraction of any observed X-ray emission originates in the jet .	Jets are observed as radio emission in active galactic nuclei and during the low/hard state in X-ray binaries ( XRBs ) , but their contribution at higher frequencies has been uncertain .	We study the dynamics of jets in XRBs using the general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code HARM .	We calculate the high-energy spectra and variability properties using a general-relativistic radiative transport code based on grmonty .	We investigate the variability during a large-scale magnetic field inversion in which the Blandford-Znajek ( BZ ) jet is quenched and a new transient hot reconnecting plasmoid is launched by the reconnecting field .
+2	We note that the static quark potentials obtained are rotationally invariant with errors of at most 1 - 2 % in all the three cases , and that the potential $ V ( R ) $ in physical units scales in the whole region of $ R $ investigated .	We study the scaling properties of the static quark potential and the ratio of the critical temperature $ T_c $ to the square root of the string tension $ \sigma $ in the SU ( 3 ) pure gauge theory using a renormalization group improved action .	We first determine the critical coupling $ \beta_c $ on lattices with temporal extension $ N_t=3 $ , 4 , and 6 , and then calculate the static quark potential at the critical couplings on lattices at zero temperature .	The values of $ T_ { c } /\sqrt { \sigma } $ for the three cases in the infinite volume limit are identical within errors .	We estimate the value in the continuum limit to be $ T_ { c } /\sqrt { \sigma } = 0.656 ( 4 ) $ , which is slightly larger than the value in the continuum limit from the one-plaquette action , 0.629 ( 3 ) .
+1	Electrons hop in presence of an extra orbital degree of freedom at each site .	The $ 1D $ phase diagram of a model for correlated hopping of electrons in a lattice of Berry phase molecules is presented .	This is mimicked as a spin-1 variable whose allowed states depend on the electron occupancy so as to take into account the orbital degeneracies of different molecular occupancies .	In the $ 1D $ case we find that at low electron densities $ n & lt ; & lt ; 1 $ there is a region with dominant superconducting correlations surviving an additional repulsive on-site interaction $ U $ as strong as the bandwidth , $ W=4t $ .	The critical value $ U_c $ of $ U $ below which superconductivity is found to be dominant decreases with increasing density $ n $ .
+3	For the platykurtic distributions of the perturbations , the $ L_p $ -approximation with $ 3 & lt ; p & lt ; 4 $ was found to yield several times more precise gravity estimates compared to the standard least-squares .	Iteratively Re-weighted Least Squares ( IRLS ) were used to simulate the $ L_p $ -norm approximation of the ballistic trajectory in absolute gravimeters .	Two iterations of the IRLS delivered sufficient accuracy of the approximation without a significant bias .	The simulations were performed on different samplings and perturbations of the trajectory .	The simulation results were confirmed by processing real gravity observations performed at the excessive noise conditions .
+1	Within this approach all the response properties of a system are determined from the time-propagation of the set of `` occupied '' Kohn-Sham orbitals under the influence of the external bias .	We present a computationally tractable scheme of time-dependent transport phenomena within open-boundary time-dependent density-functional-theory .	This central idea is combined with an open-boundary description of the geometry of the system that is divided into three regions : left/right leads and the device region ( `` real simulation region '' ) .	We have derived a general scheme to extract the set of initial states in the device region that will be propagated in time with proper transparent boundary-condition at the device/lead interface .	This is possible due to a new modified Crank-Nicholson algorithm that allows an efficient time-propagation of open quantum systems .
+4	In this paper , we give explicit description of the topology of the Painlev\'e divisor for the cases of all the rank two Lie algebra , $ A_2 , B_2 , C_2 , G_2 $ , and $ A_3 $ type .	We study the topology of the set of singular points ( blow-ups ) in the solution of the nonperiodic Toda lattice defined on real split semisimple Lie algebra $ \mathfrak g $ .	The set of blow-ups is called the Painlev\'e divisor .	The isospectral manifold of the Toda lattice is compactified through the companion embedding which maps themanifold to the flag manifold associated with the underlying Lie algebra $ \mathfrak g $ .	The Painlev\'e divisor is then given by the intersections of the compactified manifold with the Bruhat cells in the flag manifold .
+1	The basic variables describing inhomogeneities are defined in a non-perturbative manner , are invariant under changes of time slicing on large scales and include both matter and metric perturbations .	We develop a non-linear framework for describing long-wavelength perturbations in multiple-field inflation .	They are combinations of spatial gradients generalising the gauge-invariant variables of linear theory .	Dynamical equations are derived and supplemented with stochastic source terms which provide the long-wavelength initial conditions determined from short-wavelength modes .	Solutions can be readily obtained via numerical simulations or analytic perturbative expansions .
+0	A fundamental problem of forced magnetic reconnection has been solved taking into account the plasmoid instability of thin reconnecting current sheets .	In this problem , the reconnection is driven by a small amplitude boundary perturbation in a tearing-stable slab plasma equilibrium .	It is shown that the evolution of the magnetic reconnection process depends on the external source perturbation and the microscopic plasma parameters .	Small perturbations lead to a slow nonlinear Rutherford evolution , whereas larger perturbations can lead to either a stable Sweet-Parker-like phase or a plasmoid phase .	An expression for the threshold perturbation amplitude required to trigger the plasmoid phase is derived , as well as an analytical expression for the reconnection rate in the plasmoid-dominated regime .
+1	This method relies on the calculation of the number of propagating modes and the scattering rate for each mode .	The Landauer approach provides a conceptually simple way to calculate the intrinsic thermoelectric ( TE ) parameters of materials from the ballistic to the diffusive transport regime .	The modes are calculated from the energy dispersion ( E ( k ) ) of the materials which require heavy computation and often supply energy relation on sparse momentum ( k ) grids .	Here an efficient method to calculate the distribution of modes ( DOM ) from a given E ( k ) relationship is presented .	The main features of this algorithm are , ( i ) its ability to work on sparse dispersion data , and ( ii ) creation of an energy grid for the DOM that is almost independent of the dispersion data therefore allowing for efficient and fast calculation of TE parameters .
+2	Throughput is a little better but still 25 times slower than the CPU can consume .	The biggest cost of computing with large matrices in any modern computer is related to memory latency and bandwidth .	The average latency of modern RAM reads is 150 times greater than a clock step of the processor .	The application of bitstring compression allows for larger matrices to be moved entirely to the cache memory of the computer , which has much better latency and bandwidth ( average latency of L1 cache is 3 to 4 clock steps ) .	This allows for massive performance gains as well as the ability to simulate much larger models efficiently .
+4	In the proposed protocol , at the beginning of each transmission block , the AP charges the source .	In this paper , we consider a wireless-powered cooperative communication network , which consists of one hybrid access point ( AP ) , one source and one relay to assist information transmission .	Unlike conventional cooperative networks , the source and relay are assumed to have no embedded energy supplies in the considered system .	Hence , they need to first harvest energy from the radio-frequency ( RF ) signals radiated by the AP in the downlink ( DL ) before information transmission in the uplink ( UL ) .	Inspired by the recently proposed harvest-then-transmit ( HTT ) and harvest-then-cooperate ( HTC ) protocols , we develop a new adaptive transmission ( AT ) protocol .
+0	Many neutron stars ( NSs ) and runaway stars apparently come from the same regions on the sky .	This suggests that they share the same birth places , namely associations and clusters of young massive stars .	To identify NS birth places , we attempt to and NS-runaway pairs that could be former companions that were disrupted in a supernova ( SN ) .	The remains of recent ( & lt ; few Myr ) nearby ( & lt ; 150 pc ) SNe should still be identi ? able by observing the emission of rare radioisotopes such as 26Al and 60Fe that can also be used as additional indicators to confirm a possible SN event .	We investigated the origin of the isolated NS RXJ1605.3+3249 and found that it was probably born ~100 pc far from Earth 0.45 Myr ago in the extended Corona-Australis or Octans associations , or in Sco OB4 ~1 kpc 3.5 Myr ago .
+0	This paper is aimed at improving the performance of the treecode algorithm for N-Body simulation by employing the NetSolve GridRPC programming model to exploit the use of multiple clusters .	N-Body is a classical problem , and appears in many areas of science and engineering , including astrophysics , molecular dynamics , and graphics .	In the simulation of N-Body , the specific routine for calculating the forces on the bodies which accounts for upwards of 90 % of the cycles in typical computations is eminently suitable for obtaining parallelism with GridRPC calls .	It is divided among the compute nodes by simultaneously calling multiple GridRPC requests to them .	The performance of the GridRPC implementation is then compared to that of the MPI version and hybrid MPI-OpenMP version for the treecode algorithm on individual clusters .
+4	Both the RQMD and the VENUS model are consistent with the data within the error in the correlation peak region .	The two-proton correlation function at midrapidity from Pb+Pb central collisions at 158 AGeV has been measured by the NA49 experiment .	The results are compared to model predictions from static thermal Gaussian proton source distributions and transport models RQMD and VENUS .	An effective proton source size is determined by minimizing CHI-square/ndf between the correlation functions of the data and those calculated for the Gaussian sources , yielding 3.85 +-0.15 ( stat . )	+0.60-0.25 ( syst . ) fm .
+0	Multifractal analysis refers to the study of the local properties of measures and functions , and consists of two parts : the fine multifractal theory and the coarse multifractal theory .	The fine and the coarse theory are linked by a web of conjectures known collectively as the Multifractal Formalism .	Very roughly speaking the Multifractal Formalism says that the multifractal spectrum from fine theory equals the Legendre transform of the Renyi dimensions from the coarse theory .	Recently { \it fine } multifractal zeta-functions , i.e.multifractal zeta-functions designed to produce detailed information about the fine multifractal theory , have been introduced and investigated .	The purpose of this work is to complement and expand this study by introducing and investigating { \it coarse } multifractal zeta-functions , i.e.multifractal zeta-functions designed to produce information about the coarse multifractal theory , and , in particular , to establish a { \it Multifractal Fortmalism for Zeta-Functions } linking fine multifractal zeta-functions and coarse multifractal zeta-functions via the Legendre transform .
+2	Since the 5D theory is weakly coupled , we are able to fully determine the Higgs potential and other physical quantities .	We study the idea of a composite Higgs in the framework of a five-dimensional AdS theory .	We present the minimal model of the Higgs as a pseudo-Goldstone boson in which electroweak symmetry is broken dynamically via top loop effects , all flavour problems are solved , and contributions to electroweak precision observables are below experimental bounds .	The lightest resonances are expected to have a mass around 2 TeV and should be discovered at the LHC .	The top sector is mostly composite and deviations from Standard Model couplings are expected .
+2	We take out essentially all aperture bias using resolved imaging , allowing an accurate estimate of the total SFRs in galaxies .	( modified ) We present a comprehensive study of the physical properties of \~10^5 galaxies with measurable star formation in the SDSS .	By comparing physical information extracted from the emission lines with continuum properties , we build up a picture of the nature of star-forming galaxies at z & lt ; 0.2 .	We determine the SFR density to be 1.915^ { +0.02 } _ { -0.01 } ( rand .	) ^ { +0.14 } _ { -0.42 } ( sys . )
+4	One can also get solution of the effective mass Schrodinger equation starting from the constant mass Schrodinger equation .	Effective mass Schrodinger equation is solved exactly for a given potential .	Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used to obtain energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions .	A free parameter is used in the transformation of the wave function .	The effective mass Schrodinger equation is also solved for the Morse potential transforming to the constant mass Schr\ '' { o } dinger equation for a potential .
+1	We provide evidence that some such functions that are defined on high dimensional domains have a narrow band of values whose pre-image contains the bulk of its critical points .	Finding minima of a real valued non-convex function over a high dimensional space is a major challenge in science .	This is in contrast with the low dimensional picture in which this band is wide .	Our simulations agree with the previous theoretical work on spin glasses that proves the existence of such a band when the dimension of the domain tends to infinity .	Furthermore our experiments on teacher-student networks with the MNIST dataset establish a similar phenomenon in deep networks .
+2	We suggest six sources as new infall candidates .	We have observed HCO+ J=3-2 toward 16 Class I sources and 18 Class 0 sources , many of which were selected from Mardones et al . ( 1997 ) .	Eight sources have profiles significantly skewed to the blue relative to optically thin lines .	We find an equal `` blue excess '' among Class 0 and Class I sources after combining this sample with that of Gregersen et al . ( 1997 ) .	We used a Monte Carlo code to simulate the temporal evolution of line profiles of optically thick lines of HCO+ , CS and H2CO in a collapsing cloud and found that HCO+ had the strongest asymmetry at late times .
+1	High pressure typically induces behavior such as magnetic collapse and the insulator-metal transition in 3d transition metals compounds , valence fluctuations or Kondo-like characteristics in $ f $ -electron systems , and coordination and bonding changes in molecular solids and glasses .	Investigating electronic structure and excitations under extreme conditions gives access to a rich variety of phenomena .	This article reviews research concerning electronic excitations in materials under extreme conditions using inelastic x-ray scattering ( IXS ) .	IXS is a spectroscopic probe of choice for this study because of its chemical and orbital selectivity and the richness of information it provides .	Being an all-photon technique , IXS has a penetration depth compatible with high pressure requirements .
+3	An outstanding question is whether the widely-installed TCP Reno is compatible with adaptive CSMA and can achieve the same result .	An interesting distributed adaptive CSMA MAC protocol , called adaptive CSMA , was proposed recently to schedule any strictly feasible achievable rates inside the capacity region .	Of particular interest is the fact that the adaptive CSMA can achieve a system utility arbitrarily close to that is achievable under a central scheduler .	However , a specially designed transport-layer rate controller is needed for this result .	The answer to this question will determine how close to practical deployment adaptive CSMA is .
+3	This model is sufficient to describe the observed cycling behavior of single \textit { Daphnia } .	Based on experimental observations in \textit { Daphnia } , we introduce an agent-based model for the motion of single and swarms of animals .	Each agent is described by a stochastic equation that also considers the conditions for active biological motion .	An environmental potential further reflects local conditions for \textit { Daphnia } , such as attraction to light sources .	To simulate vortex swarming of many \textit { Daphnia } , i.e.the collective rotation of the swarm in one direction , we extend the model by considering avoidance of collisions .
+2	We present in this article a criterion based on the principle of detailed balance which provides a qualitative assessment of the convergence of a given chain .	Markov Chain Monte Carlo ( MCMC ) methods are employed to sample from a given distribution of interest , whenever either the distribution does not exist in closed form , or , if it does , no efficient method to simulate an independent sample from it is available .	Although a wealth of diagnostic tools for convergence assessment of MCMC methods have been proposed in the last two decades , the search for a dependable and easy to implement tool is ongoing .	The criterion is based on the behaviour of a one-dimensional statistic , whose asymptotic distribution under the assumption of stationarity is derived ; our results apply under weak conditions and have the advantage of being completely intuitive .	We implement this criterion as a stopping rule for simulated annealing in the problem of finding maximum likelihood estimators for parameters of a 20-component mixture model .
+2	We have constructed a phenomenological model of the evolution of surface magnetic fields of pulsars , which contains a long-term decay modulated by short-term oscillations ; a pulsar 's spin is thus modified by its magnetic field evolution .	The observed long-term spin-down evolution of isolated radio pulsars can not be explained by the standard magnetic dipole radiation with a constant braking torque .	However how and why the torque varies still remains controversial , which is an outstanding problem in our understanding of neutron stars .	The predictions of this model agree with the precisely measured spin evolutions of several individual pulsars ; the derived parameters suggest that the Hall drift and Hall waves in the NS crusts are probably responsible for the long-term change and short-term quasi-periodical oscillations , respectively .	Many statistical properties of the timing noise of pulsars can be well re-produced with this model , including correlations and the distributions of the observed braking indices of the pulsars , which span over a range of more than 100 millions .
+4	Such results are obtained through analytical and numerical methods , and employ adaptations of algebraic techniques used in integrable field theories .	We consider modifications of the nonlinear Schrodinger model ( NLS ) to look at the recently introduced concept of quasi-integrability .	We show that such models possess an infinite number of quasi-conserved charges which present intriguing properties in relation to very specific space-time parity transformations .	For the case of two-soliton solutions where the fields are eigenstates of this parity , those charges are asymptotically conserved in the scattering process of the solitons .	Even though the charges vary in time their values in the far past and the far future are the same .
+4	Inspired by optimization problems arising in computed tomography ( CT ) imaging , this algorithm can handle a range of nonconvex composite optimization problems , and offers theoretical guarantees for convergence when the overall problem is approximately convex ( that is , any concavity in one term is balanced out by convexity in the other term ) .	Many optimization problems arising in high-dimensional statistics decompose naturally into a sum of several terms , where the individual terms are relatively simple but the composite objective function can only be optimized with iterative algorithms .	In this paper , we are interested in optimization problems of the form F ( Kx ) + G ( x ) , where K is a fixed linear transformation , while F and G are functions that may be nonconvex and/or nondifferentiable .	In particular , if either of the terms are nonconvex , existing alternating minimization techniques may fail to converge ; other types of existing approaches may instead be unable to handle nondifferentiability .	We propose the MOCCA ( mirrored convex/concave ) algorithm , a primal/dual optimization approach that takes local convex approximation to each term at every iteration .
+4	With our discovery of intrinsic variability interpreted as gravity mode oscillations , V380 Cyg becomes an important laboratory for future seismic tuning of the near-core physics in massive B-type stars .	We report the discovery of low-amplitude gravity-mode oscillations in the massive binary star V380 Cyg , from 180 d of Kepler custom-aperture space photometry and 5 months of high-resolution high signal-to-noise spectroscopy .	The new data are of unprecedented quality and allowed to improve the orbital and fundamental parameters for this binary .	The orbital solution was subtracted from the photometric data and led to the detection of periodic intrinsic variability with frequencies of which some are multiples of the orbital frequency and others are not .	Spectral disentangling allowed the detection of line-profile variability in the primary .
+3	At each and every order M of weight depths , the set $ \wp_M ( \Lambda ) $ of permutation weights is formed out of a finite number of dominant weights of the finite Lie algebra $ G_N $ .	We show that permutation weights , which are previously introduced for finite Lie algebras , can be appropriately defined also for affine Lie algebras .	This allows us to classify all the weights of an affine Weyl orbit explicitly .	Let $ \Lambda $ be a dominant weight of an affine Lie algebra $ G_N^ { ( r ) } $ for r=1,2,3 .	In case of $ A_N^ { ( 1 ) } $ algebras , we give the rules to determine the elements of a $ \wp_M ( \Lambda ) $ completely .
+3	In the compact case , we find half-supersymmetry preserving and asymptotically Minkowskian black string solutions .	We couple n copies of N= ( 2,0 ) scalar multiplets to a gauged N= ( 2,0 ) supergravity in 2+1 dimensions which admits AdS_3 as a vacuum .	The scalar fields are charged under the gauged R-symmetry group U ( 1 ) and parametrize certain Kahler manifolds with compact or non-compact isometries .	The radii of these manifolds are quantized in the compact case , but arbitrary otherwise .	For a particular value of the scalar manifold radius , the solution coincides with that of Horne and Horowitz found in the context of a string theory in 2+1 dimensions .
+0	We introduce the topic of dynamical breaking of the electroweak symmetry and its link to unparticle physics and cosmology .	The knowledge of the phase diagram of strongly coupled theories plays a fundamental role when trying to construct viable extensions of the standard model ( SM ) .	Therefore we present the state-of-the-art of the phase diagram for SU , Sp and SO gauge theories with fermionic matter transforming according to arbitrary representations of the underlying gauge group .	We summarize several analytic methods used recently to acquire information about these gauge theories .	We also provide new results for the phase diagram of the generalized Bars-Yankielowicz and Georgi-Glashow chiral gauge theories .
+2	In this paper we present results from d.c. magnetic susceptibility , specific heat data , inelastic neutron scattering measurements , and crystal field calculations that strongly suggest that ( 1 ) the Tb $ ^ { 3+ } $ ions in Tb $ _2 $ Ti $ _2 $ O $ _7 $ possess a moment of approximatively 5 $ \mu_ { \rm B } $ , and ( 2 ) the ground state $ g- $ tensor is extremely anisotropic below a temperature of $ O ( 10^0 ) $ K , with Ising-like Tb $ ^ { 3+ } $ magnetic moments confined to point along a local cubic $ & lt ; 111 & gt ; $ diagonal ( e.g.towards the middle of the tetrahedron ) .	In a recent letter [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 82 } , 1012 ( 1999 ) ] it was found that the Tb $ ^ { 3+ } $ magnetic moments in the Tb $ _2 $ Ti $ _2 $ O $ _7 $ pyrochlore lattice of corner-sharing tetrahedra remain in a { \it collective paramagnetic } state down to 70mK .	Such a very large easy-axis Ising like anisotropy along a $ & lt ; 111 & gt ; $ direction dramatically reduces the frustration otherwise present in a Heisenberg pyrochlore antiferromagnet .	The results presented herein underpin the conceptual difficulty in understanding the microscopic mechanism ( s ) responsible for Tb $ _2 $ Ti $ _2 $ O $ _7 $ failing to develop long-range order at a temperature of the order of the paramagnetic Curie-Weiss temperature $ \theta_ { \rm CW } \approx -10^1 $ K .
+1	The feedback vertex set problem consists of constructing a FVS of size less than a certain given value .	A feedback vertex set ( FVS ) of an undirected graph is a set of vertices that contains at least one vertex of each cycle of the graph .	This combinatorial optimization problem has many practical applications , but it is in the nondeterministic polynomial-complete class of worst-case computational complexity .	In this paper we define a spin glass model for the FVS problem and then study this model on the ensemble of finite-connectivity random graphs .	In our model the global cycle constraints are represented through the local constraints on all the edges of the graph , and they are then treated by distributed message-passing procedures such as belief propagation .
+3	In this paper we implement this resummation by a dispersion technique and indicate a possible generalization to incorporate two-loop evolution .	We propose to resum exactly any number of one-loop vacuum polarization insertions into the scale of the coupling of lowest order radiative corrections .	This makes maximal use of the information contained in one-loop perturbative corrections combined with the one-loop running of the effective coupling and provides a natural extension of the familiar BLM scale-fixing prescription to all orders in the perturbation theory .	It is suggested that the remaining radiative corrections should be reduced after resummation .	We investigate in some detail higher order perturbative corrections to the $ \tau $ decay width and the pole mass of a heavy quark .
+0	Integrated optics allow the generation and control of increasingly complex photonic states on chip based architectures .	Here , we implement two entangled qutrits - a 9-dimensional quantum system - and demonstrate an exceptionally high degree of experimental control .	The approach which is conceptually different to common bulk optical implementations is heavily based on methods of integrated in-fiber and on-chip technologies and further motivated by methods commonly used in today 's telecommunication industry .	The system is composed of an in-fiber source creating entangled qutrit states of any amplitude and phase and an on-chip integrated general Multiport enabling the realization of any desired local unitary transformation within the two qutrit 9-dimensional Hilbert space .	The complete design is readily extendible towards higher-dimensions with moderate increase in complexity .
+0	We study dust transport in turbulent protoplanetary disks using three-dimensional global unstratified magnetohydrodynamic ( MHD ) simulations including Lagrangian dust particles .	The turbulence is driven by the magnetorotational instability ( MRI ) with either ideal or non-ideal MHD that includes ambipolar diffusion ( AD ) .	In ideal MHD simulations , the surface density evolution ( except for dust that drifts fastest ) , turbulent diffusion , and vertical scale height of dust can all be reproduced by simple one-dimensoinal and/or analytical models .	However , in AD dominated simulations which simulate protoplanetary disks beyond 10s of AU , the vertical scale height of dust is larger than previously predicted .	To understand this anomaly in more detail , we carry out both unstratified and stratified local shearing box simulations with Lagrangian particles , and find that turbulence in AD dominated disks has very different properties ( e.g. , temporal autocorrelation functions and power spectra ) than turbulence in ideal MHD disks , which leads to quite different particle diffusion efficiency .
+0	We investigate the capability of density functional theory ( DFT ) to appropriately describe the spin susceptibility , $ \chi_s $ , and the intervalley electron-phonon coupling in Li $ _x $ ZrNCl .	At low doping , Li $ _x $ ZrNCl behaves as a 2-dimensional 2-valley electron gas , with parabolic bands .	In such a system , $ \chi_s $ increases with decreasing doping because of the electron-electron interaction .	We show that the DFT with local functionals ( LDA/GGA ) is not capable of reproducing this behavior .	The use of exact exchange in Hartree-Fock ( HF ) or in DFT hybrid functionals enhances $ \chi_s $ .
+3	Some , but not all , of these downflowing patches were co-spatial with chromospheric brightness enhancements seen in Ca II H filtergrams .	Recent high resolution spectropolarimetric observations from Hinode detected the presence of supersonic downflows in a sunspot light bridge ( Louis et al.2009 ) .	These downflows occurred in localized patches , close to regions where the field azimuth changed by a large value .	This apparent discontinuity in the field azimuth was seen along a thin ridge running along the western edge of the light bridge .	The presence of magnetic inhomogeneities at scales of 0.3 arcsec could facilitate the reconnection of field lines in the lower chromosphere whose signatures might be the supersonic downflows and the brightness enhancements that have been observed .
+4	We also discuss similar results for the Murakami-Ohtsuki-Okada invariant .	A 3-manifold $ M $ is said to be $ p $ -periodic ( $ p\geq 2 $ an integer ) if and only if the finite cyclic group of order $ p $ acts on $ M $ with a circle as the set of fixed points .	This paper provides a criterion for periodicity of rational homology three-spheres .	Namely , we give a necessary condition for a rational homology three-sphere to be periodic with a prime period .	This condition is given in terms of the quantum SU ( 3 ) invariant .
+3	The approach is capable of describing a multitude of phenomena in a unified way combining physics of structure and reactions .	The intrinsic dynamics of a system with open decay channels is described by an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian which at the same time allows one to find the external dynamics , - reaction cross sections .	We discuss ways of incorporating this approach into the shell model context .	Several examples of increasing complexity , from schematic models to realistic nuclear calculations ( chain of oxygen isotopes ) , are presented .	Self-consistency of calculations and threshold energy dependence of the coupling to the continuum are crucial for the description of loosely bound states .
+4	Furthermore , a simple asymptotic confidence interval construction in the `sparse ' case , that also applies to the smoothly clipped absolute deviation estimator , is discussed .	Confidence intervals based on penalized maximum likelihood estimators such as the LASSO , adaptive LASSO , and hard-thresholding are analyzed .	In the known-variance case , the finite-sample coverage properties of such intervals are determined and it is shown that symmetric intervals are the shortest .	The length of the shortest intervals based on the hard-thresholding estimator is larger than the length of the shortest interval based on the adaptive LASSO , which is larger than the length of the shortest interval based on the LASSO , which in turn is larger than the standard interval based on the maximum likelihood estimator .	In the case where the penalized estimators are tuned to possess the `sparsity property ' , the intervals based on these estimators are larger than the standard interval by an order of magnitude .
+1	Hubble Space Telescope far-ultraviolet spectroscopy strongly suggests ongoing , external metal pollution in two remnant Hyads .	The Hyades is the nearest open cluster , relatively young and containing numerous A-type stars ; its known age , distance , and metallicity make it an ideal site to study planetary systems around 2-3 Msun stars at an epoch similar to the late heavy bombardment .	For ongoing accretion in both stars , the polluting material has log [ n ( Si ) /n ( C ) ] & gt ; 0.2 , is more carbon deficient than chondritic meteorites , and is thus rocky .	These data are consistent with a picture where rocky planetesimals and small planets have formed in the Hyades around two main-sequence A-type stars , whose white dwarf descendants bear the scars .	These detections via metal pollution are shown to be equivalent to infrared excesses of Lir/L* ~ 1e-6 in the terrestrial zone of the stars .
+1	We give a formula for the relative K-groups K_q ( A , I ) in terms of the groups of de Rham-Witt forms of the ring k. At present , the validity of the formula depends on a conjecture that concerns the combinatorial structure of a new family of polytopes that we call stunted regular cyclic polytopes .	Let k be a regular F_p-algebra , let A = k [ x , y ] / ( x^b - y^a ) be the coordinate ring of a planar cuspical curve , and let I = ( x , y ) be the ideal that defines the cusp point .	The polytopes in question appear as the intersections of regular cyclic polytopes with ( certain ) linear subspaces .	We verify low-dimensional cases of the conjecture .	This leads to unconditional new results on K_2 and K_3 which extend earlier results by Krusemeyer for K_0 and K_1 .
+0	Cet article presente FROGi , une proposition visant a introduire le modele a composants Fractal a l'interieur de la plateforme de services OSGi .	La motivation derriere ce travail est double .	D'un cote , FROGi offre aux developpeurs de services OSGi un modele a composants extensibles qui facilite le developpement des bundles ; ces derniers restent toutefois compatibles avec les bundles `` patrimoniaux '' .	D'un autre cote , FROGi beneficie de l'infrastructure de deploiement que represente OSGi et qui facilite la realisation du conditionnement et du deploiement de composants Fractal .	Dans FROGi , une application Fractal est conditionnee sous la forme d'un ou plusieurs bundles et elle peut etre deployee de facon partielle et les activites de deploiement peuvent avoir lieu de facon continue .
+0	Quantum information is a valuable resource which can be encrypted in order to protect it .	We consider the size of the one-time pad that is needed to protect quantum information in a number of cases .	The situation is dramatically different from the classical case : we prove that one can recycle the one-time pad without compromising security .	The protocol for recycling relies on detecting whether eavesdropping has occurred , and further relies on the fact that information contained in the encrypted quantum state can not be fully accessed .	We prove the security of recycling rates when authentication of quantum states is accepted , and when it is rejected .
+3	It was conjectured by Albertson , Berman , Hutchinson , and Thomassen in 1990 that a { \it every surface triangulation of at least four vertices contains a HIST } \ , ( confirmed ) .	A spanning tree with no vertices of degree 2 is called a Homeomorphically irreducible spanning tree\ , ( HIST ) .	Based on a HIST embedded in the plane , a Halin graph is formed by connecting the leaves of the tree into a cycle following the cyclic order determined by the embedding .	Both of the determination problems of whether a graph contains a HIST or whether a graph contains a spanning Halin graph are shown to be NP-complete .	And it was conjectured by Lov\'asz and Plummer that { \it every 4-connected plane triangulation contains a spanning Halin graph } \ , ( disproved ) .
+3	The relative strengths of the H-alpha and the spectrally adjacent [ NII ] lines in the regions are completely discrepant from those associated with star formation regions , and more closely match expectations for 'LINER ' regions .	We present an analysis of the optical line emission from nearby barred galaxies , and in particular look at the radial range occupied by the bar .	In many cases this region is marked by what we term a 'star formation desert ' , with a marked deficit of HII regions in optical narrow-band H-alpha imaging .	Here we present long-slit spectroscopy revealing that such regions do have line emission , but that it is low-level , spatially smooth and almost ubiquitous .	We quantify the total line emission from these extended , kpc-scale regions , and determine the spurious contribution it would make to the determined star formation rate of these galaxies if interpreted as normal H-alpha emission .
+1	Though the determination of the exact Euclidean distance transform is also a well investigated area , the classical chamfering method based upon `` small '' neighborhoods still outperforms it e.g.in terms of computation time .	Chamfer distances play an important role in the theory of distance transforms .	In this paper we determine the best possible maximum relative error of chamfer distances under various boundary conditions .	In each case some best approximating sequences are explicitly given .	Further , because of possible practical interest , we give all best approximating sequences in case of small ( i.e.5 by 5 and 7 by 7 ) neighborhoods .
+1	Such propositional terms are commonly used in programming languages to direct the flow of a program .	Left-sequential logics provide a means for reasoning about ( closed ) propositional terms with atomic propositions that may have side effects and that are evaluated sequentially from left to right .	In this thesis we explore two such left-sequential logics .	First we discuss Fully Evaluated Left-Sequential Logic , which employs a full evaluation strategy , i.e. , to evaluate a term every one of its atomic propositions is evaluated causing its possible side effects to occur .	We then turn to Short-Circuit ( Left-Sequential ) Logic as presented in [ BP10b ] , where the evaluation may be 'short-circuited ' , thus preventing some , if not all , of the atomic propositions in a term being evaluated .
+2	Scaling these techniques to massive data sets without sacrificing accuracy is a challenging task .	Outliers are ubiquitous in modern data sets .	Distance-based techniques are a popular non-parametric approach to outlier detection as they require no prior assumptions on the data generating distribution and are simple to implement .	We propose a novel algorithm based on the intuition that outliers have a significant influence on the quality of divergence-based clustering solutions .	We propose sensitivity - the worst-case impact of a data point on the clustering objective - as a measure of outlierness .
+4	One of our results states that given any abstract factorial the series of reciprocals of its factorials always converges to an irrational number .	A commutative semigroup of abstract factorials is defined in the context of the ring of integers .	We study such factorials for their own sake , whether they are or are not connected to sets of integers .	Given a subset X of the positive integers we construct a `` factorial set '' with which one may define a multitude of abstract factorials on X .	We study the possible equality of consecutive factorials , a dichotomy involving the limit superior of the ratios of consecutive factorials and we provide many examples outlining the applications of the ensuing theory ; examples dealing with prime numbers , Fibonacci numbers , and highly composite numbers among other sets of integers .
+4	The couplings largely originate from Cd 5s states mediating hoppings between half-filled and empty 3d states of V+4 .	A microscopic magnetic model of the low-pressure modification of CdVO3 is established , based on density functional theory ( DFT ) band-structure calculations , magnetization measurements , and quantum Monte-Carlo simulations .	This compound is a rare example of a quasi-one-dimensional spin-1/2 system showing exclusively ferromagnetic exchange .	The spin lattice of CdVO3 entails zigzag chains with an effective intrachain coupling J ~ -90 K and interchain couplings of Jc ~ -18 K and Ja ~ -3 K. Quantum fluctuations are partially suppressed by the sizable interchain coupling Jc that leads to an intermediate regime between one-dimensional and two-dimensional ferromagnetic systems .	Apart from the peculiar spin model , CdVO3 features an unusual mechanism of ferromagnetic superexchange .
+2	However the first and most famous approach to mean field statistical mechanics with quenched disorder is the replica trick .	The interpolation techniques have become , in the past decades , a powerful approach to lighten several properties of spin glasses within a simple mathematical framework .	Intrinsically , for their construction , these schemes were naturally implemented into the cavity field technique , or its variants as the stochastic stability or the random overlap structures .	Among the models where these methods have been used ( namely , dealing with frustration and complexity ) , probably the best known is the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass : In this paper we are pleased to apply the interpolation scheme to the replica trick framework and test it directly to the cited paradigmatic model : interestingly this allows to obtain easily the replica-symmetric control and , synergically with the broken replica bounds , a description of the full RSB scenario , both coupled with several minor theorems .	Furthermore , by treating the amount of replicas $ n\in ( 0,1 ] $ as an interpolating parameter ( far from its original interpretation ) this can be though of as a quenching temperature close to the one introduce in off-equilibrium approaches and , within this viewpoint , the proof of the attended commutativity of the zero replica and the infinite volume limits can be obtained .
+0	We develop a general formalism to investigate the effect of quenched fixed charge disorder on effective electrostatic interactions between charged surfaces in a one-component ( counterion-only ) Coulomb fluid .	Analytical results are explicitly derived for two asymptotic and complementary cases : i ) mean-field or Poisson-Boltzmann limit ( including Gaussian-fluctuations correction ) , which is valid for small electrostatic coupling , and ii ) strong-coupling limit , where electrostatic correlations mediated by counterions become significantly large as , for instance , realized in systems with high-valency counterions .	In the particular case of two apposed and ideally polarizable planar surfaces with equal mean surface charge , we find that the effect of the disorder is nil on the mean-field level and thus the plates repel .	In the strong-coupling limit , however , the effect of charge disorder turns out to be additive in the free energy and leads to an enhanced long-range attraction between the two surfaces .	We show that the equilibrium inter-plate distance between the surfaces decreases for elevated disorder strength ( i.e.for increasing mean-square deviation around the mean surface charge ) , and eventually tends to zero , suggesting a disorder-driven collapse transition .
+0	We study the distribution of the $ n $ -th energy level for two different one-dimensional random potentials .	This distribution is shown to be related to the distribution of the distance between two consecutive nodes of the wave function .	We first consider the case of a white noise potential and study the distributions of energy level both in the positive and the negative part of the spectrum .	It is demonstrated that , in the limit of a large system ( $ L\to\infty $ ) , the distribution of the $ n $ -th energy level is given by a scaling law which is shown to be related to the extreme value statistics of a set of independent variables .	In the second part we consider the case of a supersymmetric random Hamiltonian ( potential $ V ( x ) =\phi ( x ) ^2+\phi ' ( x ) $ ) .
+2	If the amplitude of the initial data is sufficiently big , strong nonlinear effects occur ; we study the cases where the equation is either dissipative or accretive .	We study the validity of geometric optics in $ L^\infty $ for nonlinear wave equations in three space dimensions whose solutions , pulse like , focus at a point .	If the amplitude of the initial data is subcritical , then no nonlinear effect occurs at leading order .	When the equation is dissipative , pulses are absorbed before reaching the focal point .	When the equation is accretive , the family of pulses becomes unbounded .
+0	We study the geometric aspects of two exotic bialgebras S03 and S14 introduced in math.QA/0206053 .	These bialgebras are obtained by the Faddeev-Reshetikhin-Takhtajan RTT prescription with non-triangular R-matrices which are denoted $ R_ { 03 } $ and $ R_ { 14 } $ in the classification of Hietarinta , and they are not deformations of either GL ( 2 ) or GL ( 1/1 ) .	We give the spectral decomposition which involves two , resp. , three , projectors .	These projectors are then used to provide the Baxterisation procedure with one , resp. , two , parameters .	Further , the projectors are used to construct the noncommutative planes together with the corresponding differentials following the Wess-Zumino prescription .
+3	Moreover , the results from WMAP are consistent with the CBI , ACBAR , 2dFGRS , and SDSS data when they are included in the analysis .	Well-known causality arguments show that events occurring during or at the end of inflation , associated with reheating or preheating , could contribute a blue component to the spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations , with the dependence k^3 .	We explore the possibility that they could be observably large in CMB , LSS , and Lyman-alpha data .	We find that a k^3 component with a cutoff at some maximum k can modestly improve the fits ( Delta chi^2=2.0 , 5.4 ) of the low multipoles ( l ~ 10 - 50 ) or the second peak ( l ~ 540 ) of the CMB angular spectrum when the three-year WMAP data are used .	Including the SDSS galaxy clustering power spectrum , we find weak positive evidence for the k^3 component at the level of Delta chi ' = 2.4 , with the caveat that the nonlinear evolution of the power spectrum may not be properly treated in the presence of the k^3 distortion .
+1	In particular , we present some results for the absorbing probabilities both in a semi-finite and finite line .	In this paper , we study Grover walks on a line with one and two absorbing boundaries .	Analytical expressions for these absorbing probabilities are presented by using the combinatorial approach .	These results are perfectly matched with numerical simulations .	We show that the behavior of Grover walks on a line with absorbing boundaries is strikingly different from that of classical walks and that of Hadamard walks .
+0	We present a 30 ks XMM-Newton observation of the z = 2.35 Type II radio quiet quasar RX J1343.4+0001 .	These data provide the first good quality X-ray spectrum for this object .	We measured a continuum slope Gamma = 1.85+/-0.10 with only an upper limit on the column density of the absorbing material of Nh ( z ) & lt ; ~ 10^22 cm^-2 as well as an Fe Kalpha emission line at the 3 sigma confidence level .	We do not find therefore a highly absorbed object nor a truly flat spectrum as suggested on the basis of previous less sensitive ROSAT and ASCA measurements .	The Nh ( z ) upper limit is fully consistent with the optical extinction 3 & lt ; A_V & lt ; 10 inferred from IR observations .
+0	The concept of chirality is extended to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( MSSM ) and the mu term is forbidden by a gauged U ( 1 ) ' symmetry .	R-parity automatically emerges after symmetry breaking , suppressing proton decay and protecting the LSP .	Exotics charged under the SM pose a challenge to traditional SU ( 5 ) unification , but unification is still implemented in deconstructed GUTs .	Because of the multitude of additional states to the MSSM , the Z ' has a large width , and the SM background , neglected in previous theoretical studies , becomes important for Z ' discovery .	As a result , the LHC reach is reduced from 3.2 TeV , for a Z ' with SM decays , to 1.5 TeV , when additional decay channels are included .
+1	To give substance to this claim , a framework is needed in which inflation can compete with other scenarios and the relative likelihood of all scenarios can be quantified .	Cosmic inflation is envisioned as the `` most likely '' start for the observed universe .	The most concrete scheme to date for performing such a comparison shows inflation to be strongly disfavored .	We analyze the source of this failure for inflation and present an alternative calculation , based on more traditional semiclassical methods , that results in inflation being exponentially favored .	We argue that reconciling the two contrasting approaches presents interesting fundamental challenges , and is likely to have a major impact on ideas about the early universe .
+0	A continuous model of double-walled carbon nanotube ( DWCNT ) low-frequency dynamics was constructed .	In the frame of the approach proposed formation of a DWCNT low-frequency phonon spectrum from the ones of corresponding single-walled carbon nanotubes ( SWCNTs ) was considered .	Environmental influence on the individual DWCNT phonon spectrum was studied .	A combined method of van der Waals interlayer coupling coefficients evaluation was proposed , and it is based on Raman spectroscopy data and known values of graphite elastic moduli .	Also DWCNT low-temperature specific heat was calculated .
+4	We show that this index is constant along trajectories , and relate this orbit invariant to other notions of stability such as Milnor attraction , essential asymptotic stability and asymptotic stability relative to a positive measure set .	Some invariant sets may attract a nearby set of initial conditions but nonetheless repel a complementary nearby set of initial conditions .	For a given invariant set $ X\subset\R^n $ with a basin of attraction $ N $ , we define a stability index $ \sigma ( x ) $ of a point $ x\in X $ that characterizes the local extent of the basin .	Let $ B_ { \epsilon } $ denote a ball of radius $ \epsilon $ about $ x $ .	If $ \sigma ( x ) & gt ; 0 $ , then the measure of $ B_ { \epsilon } \setminus N $ relative the measure of the ball is $ O ( \epsilon^ { |\sigma ( x ) | } ) $ , while if $ \sigma ( x ) & lt ; 0 $ , then the measure of $ B_ { \epsilon } \cap N $ relative the measure of the ball is of the same order .
+1	We examine how aggregation -- and , hence , macroscopic properties -- can be controlled in a system composed of both globular particles and long , flexible polymer chains that reversibly bind to one another .	Macroscopic properties of suspensions , such as those composed of globular particles ( e.g. , colloidal or macromolecular ) , can be tuned by controlling the equilibrium aggregation of the particles .	We base this on a minimal statistical mechanical model of a single aggregate in which the polymer chain is treated either as ideal or self-avoiding , and , in addition , the globular particles are taken to interact with one another via excluded volume repulsion .	Furthermore , each of the globular particles is taken to have one single site to which at most one polymer segment may bind .	Within the context of this model , we examine the statistics of the equilibrium size of an aggregate and , thence , the structure of dilute and semidilute suspensions of these aggregates .
+3	For solitons in polar state , there exists a variety of different shaped solutions including twin peaks .	Following our previous work [ J. Ieda , T. Miyakawa , M. Wadati , cond-mat/0404569 ] on a novel integrable model describing soliton dynamics of an F=1 spinor Bose -- Einstein condensate , we discuss in detail the properties of the multi-component system with spin-exchange interactions .	The exact multiple bright soliton solutions are obtained for the system where the mean-field interaction is attractive ( c_0 & lt ; 0 ) and the spin-exchange interaction is ferromagnetic ( c_2 & lt ; 0 ) .	A complete classification of the one-soliton solution with respect to the spin states and an explicit formula of the two-soliton solution are presented .	We show that a `` singlet pair '' density can be used to distinguish those energetically degenerate solitons .
+3	Consistency with M-theory requires a curve of infinite order , which we identify as a decompactified version of elliptic models of the type described by Donagi and Witten , Uranga , and others .	Methods are reviewed for computing the instanton expansion of the prepotential for N=2 Seiberg-Witten ( SW ) theory with non-hyperelliptic curves .	These results , if compared with the instanton expansion obtained from the microscopic Lagrangian , will provide detailed tests of M-theory .	We observe group-theoretic regularities of the one-instanton prepotential which allow us to `` reverse engineer '' a SW curve for SU ( N ) gauge theory with two hypermultiplets in the antisymmetric representation and $ N_f\leq 3 $ hypermultiplets in the fundamental representations , a result not yet available by other methods .	This leads us to a brief discussion of some elliptic models that relate to our work .
+1	The effect of a nonlinear carrier mobility is emphasized .	We show that in a macroscopic perfect insulator , charge injection at a field-enhancing defect is associated with an instability of the insulating state or with bistability of the insulating and the charged state .	The formation of the charged state is governed by two different processes with clearly separated time scales .	First , due to a fast growth of a charge-injection mode , a localized charge cloud forms near the injecting defect ( or contact ) .	Charge injection stops when the field enhancement is screened below criticality .
+0	The general covariance of the diffusion equation is exploited in order to explore the curvature effects appearing on brownian motion over a d-dimensional curved manifold .	We use the local frame defined by the so called Riemann normal coordinates to derive a general formula for the mean-square geodesic distance ( MSD ) at the short-time regime .	This formula is written in terms of $ O ( d ) $ invariants that depend on the Riemann curvature tensor .	We study the n-dimensional sphere case to validate these results .	We also show that the diffusion for positive constant curvature is slower than the diffusion in a plane space , while the diffusion for negative constant curvature turns out to be faster .
+4	Among other insights , this theory explains the often-noted prevalence of the so-called inverted Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions in complex networks .	A classification of critical behavior is provided in systems for which the renormalization group equations are control-parameter dependent .	It describes phase transitions in networks with a recursive , hierarchical structure but appears to apply also to a wider class of systems , such as conformal field theories .	Although these transitions generally do not exhibit universality , three distinct regimes of characteristic critical behavior can be discerned that combine an unusual mixture of finite- and infinite-order transitions .	In the spirit of Landau 's description of a phase transition , the problem can be reduced to the local analysis of a cubic recursion equation , here , for the renormalization group flow of some generalized coupling .
+3	The first experiment on categorizing a set of long-concatenated human movement patterns showed that MSTRNN outperforms MSTNN in the capability of learning to extract long-ranged correlation in video image .	The current paper proposes a novel dynamic neural network model , multiple spatio-temporal scales recurrent neural network ( MSTRNN ) used for categorization of complex human action pattern in video image .	The MSTRNN has been developed by newly introducing recurrent connectivity to a prior-proposed model , multiple spatio-temporal scales neural network ( MSTNN ) [ 1 ] such that the model can learn to extract latent spatio-temporal structures more effectively by developing adequate recurrent contextual dynamics .	The MSTRNN was evaluated by conducting a set of simulation experiments on learning to categorize human action visual patterns .	The second experiment on categorizing a set of object-directed actions showed that the MSTRNN can learn to extract structural relationship between actions and directed-objects .
+1	The code is based on the existing MadGraph 5 architecture and as such is easily integrable into any MadGraph collider study .	We present MadDM v.1.0 , a numerical tool to compute dark matter relic abundance in a generic model .	A simple Python interface offers a level of user-friendliness characteristic of MadGraph 5 without sacrificing functionality .	MadDM is able to calculate the dark matter relic abundance in models which include a multi-component dark sector , resonance annihilation channels and co-annihilations .	We validate the code in a wide range of dark matter models by comparing the relic density results from MadDM to the existing tools and literature .
+3	First , a novel energy field model is presented , in which fixed maximum energy intensity $ \gamma $ occurs at Poisson distributed locations , called energy centers .	Powering radio access networks using renewables , such as wind and solar power , promises dramatic reduction in the network operation cost and the network carbon footprints .	However , the spatial variation of the energy field can lead to fluctuations in power supplied to the network and thereby affects its coverage .	This warrants research on quantifying the aforementioned negative effect and countermeasure techniques , motivating the current work .	The intensities fall off from the centers following an exponential decay function of squared distance and the energy intensity at an arbitrary location is given by the decayed intensity from the nearest energy center .
+2	CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics 103 , Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences , Washington , DC , 2005 , ISBN 0-8218-3660-9 ) .	If $ E $ is a not-necessarily row-finite graph , such that each vertex of $ E $ emits at most countably many edges , then a { \it desingularization } $ F $ of $ E $ can be constructed ( see e.g . ( 1 ) G. Abrams , G. Aranda Pino , Leavitt path algebras of arbitrary graphs , Houston J .	Math 34 ( 2 ) ( 2008 ) , 423-442 , or ( 2 ) I. Raeburn , `` Graph algebras '' .	The desingularization process has been effectively used to establish various characteristics of the Leavitt path algebras of not-necessarily row-finite graphs .	Such a desingularization $ F $ of $ E $ has the properties that : ( 1 ) $ F $ is row-finite , and ( 2 ) the Leavitt path algebras $ L ( E ) $ and $ L ( F ) $ are Morita equivalent .
+3	Example parameters are given for the case of calcium ions .	An introductory review of the linear ion trap is given , with particular regard to its use for quantum information processing .	The discussion aims to bring together ideas from information theory and experimental ion trapping , to provide a resource to workers unfamiliar with one or the other of these subjects .	It is shown that information theory provides valuable concepts for the experimental use of ion traps , especially error correction , and conversely the ion trap provides a valuable link between information theory and physics , with attendant physical insights .	Passive stabilisation will allow about 200 computing operations on 10 ions ; with error correction this can be greatly extended .
+0	For any bipartite graph $ H $ , we determine a minimum degree threshold for a balanced bipartite graph $ G $ to contain a perfect $ H $ -tiling .	We show that this threshold is best possible up to a constant depending only on $ H $ .	Additionally , we prove a corresponding minimum degree threshold to guarantee that $ G $ has an $ H $ -tiling missing only a constant number of vertices .	Our threshold for the perfect tiling depends on either the chromatic number $ \chi ( H ) $ or the critical chromatic number $ \chi_ { cr } ( H ) $ while the threshold for the almost perfect tiling only depends on $ \chi_ { cr } ( H ) $ .	Our results answer two questions of Zhao .
+3	Our results indicate that the QGP reveals quantum liquid-like ( rather than gas-like ) properties up to the highest considered temperature of 525 MeV .	Based on the quasiparticle model of the quark-gluon plasma ( QGP ) , a color quantum path-integral Monte-Carlo ( PIMC ) method for calculation of thermodynamic properties and -- closely related to the latter -- a Wigner dynamics method for calculation of transport properties of the QGP are formulated .	The QGP partition function is presented in the form of a color path integral with a new relativistic measure instead of the Gaussian one traditionally used in the Feynman-Wiener path integral .	It is shown that the PIMC method is able to reproduce the lattice QCD equation of state at zero baryon chemical potential at realistic model parameters ( i.e.quasiparticle masses and coupling constant ) and also yields valuable insight into the internal structure of the QGP .	The pair distribution functions clearly reflect the existence of gluon-gluon bound states , i.e.glueballs , at temperatures just above the phase transition , while meson-like $ q\bar { q } $ bound states are not found .
+2	There are many versions of TCP which modified time to time as per need .	In a mobile ad hoc network , temporary link failures and route changes occur frequently .	With the assumption that all packet losses are due to congestion , TCP performs poorly in such an environment .	In this paper modifications introduced on TCP New Reno over mobile ad-hoc networks using calculation of New Retransmission Time out ( RTO ) , to improve performance in term of congestion control .	To calculate New RTO , adaptive backoff response approach ( ABRA ) in TCP New Reno was applied which suggest ABRA New Reno .
+0	The multi relational data mining approach has developed as an alternative way for handling the structured data such that RDBMS .	This will provides the mining in multiple tables directly .	In MRDM the patterns are available in multiple tables ( relations ) from a relational database .	As the data are available over the many tables which will affect the many problems in the practice of the data mining .	To deal with this problem , one either constructs a single table by Propositionalisation , or uses a Multi-Relational Data Mining algorithm .
+2	To quantify the generation of entanglement , we calculate the purity $ { \cal P } ( t ) = { \rm Tr } [ \rho_1 ( t ) ^2 ] $ .	Two particles , initially in a product state , become entangled when they come together and start to interact .	Using semiclassical methods , we calculate the time evolution of the corresponding reduced density matrix $ \rho_1 $ , obtained by integrating out the degrees of freedom of one of the particles .	We find that entanglement generation sensitively depends ( i ) on the interaction potential , especially on its strength and range , and ( ii ) on the nature of the underlying classical dynamics .	Under general statistical assumptions , and for short-scaled interaction potentials , we find that $ { \cal P } ( t ) $ decays exponentially fast if the two particles are required to interact in a chaotic environment , whereas it decays only algebraically in a regular system .
+2	96 , 067208 ( 2006 ) ] in simulating the stochastic dynamics of interacting magnetic nanoparticles .	In this paper , we reexamine the validity of using time quantified Monte Carlo ( TQMC ) method [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	84 , 163 ( 2000 ) ; Phys.Rev.Lett .	The Fokker-Planck coefficients corresponding to both TQMC and Langevin dynamical equation ( Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert , LLG ) are derived and compared in the presence of interparticle interactions .	The time quantification factor is obtained and justified .
+4	The procedure highlights the structural properties fulfilled by the population per-capita growth rates .	A general procedure to formulate asexual ( unstructured , deterministic ) population dynamical models resulting from individual pairwise interactions is proposed .	Individuals are characterized by a continuous strategy that represents all their behavioral , morphological , and functional traits .	Populations group conspecific individuals with identical strategy and are measured by densities in space .	Species can be monomorphic , if only one strategy is present , or polymorphic otherwise .
+1	The model on growing domain is derived and the corresponding comparison principle is proved .	This paper is concerned with a reaction-diffusion single species model with harvesting on $ n $ -dimensional isotropically growing domain .	The asymptotic behavior of the solution to the problem is obtained by using the method of upper and lower solutions .	The results show that the growth of domain takes a positive effect on the asymptotic stability of positive steady state solution while it takes a negative effect on the asymptotic stability of the trivial solution , but the effect of the harvesting rate is opposite .	The analytical findings are validated with the numerical simulations .
+2	They showed that the equations of motion are reduced to a second-order linear differential equation in the case when the surface of dynamically symmetric body is a surface of revolution .	In this paper we consider cases of existence of invariant measure , additional first integrals , and Poisson structure in a problem of rigid body 's rolling without sliding on plane and sphere .	The problem of rigid body 's motion on plane was studied by S.A. Chaplygin , P. Appel , D. Korteweg .	These results were partially generalized by P. Woronetz , who studied the motion of body of revolution and the motion of round disk with sharp edge on the surface of sphere .	In both cases the systems are Euler-Jacobi integrable and have additional integrals and invariant measure .
+0	Pion photo- and electroproduction has been studied at threshold and in the resonance region below W=2GeV .	At threshold pi^0 production can be very well explained within a dynamical model derived from an effective chiral Lagrangian .	The final state interaction is nearly saturated by single charge exchange rescattering .	In the resonance region new electroproduction data at Q^2=1GeV^2 has been analyzed with MAID and longitudinal and transverse photon helicity amplitudes have been determined for different resonances .	A detailed study of the E/M and S/M ratios of the N- & gt ; Delta transition shows a zero crossing of REM near Q^2=4GeV^2 , whereas the RSM becomes increasingly negative at large Q^2 .
+2	Treating the pairing fluctuations to quartic order , we show how the action for a spin-polarized Fermi superfluid reduces to one for a Bose-Fermi mixture .	In the strong-coupling BEC region where a Feshbach resonance gives rise to tightly-bound dimer molecules , we show that a spin-polarized Fermi superfluid reduces to a simple Bose-Fermi mixture of Bose-condensed dimers and the leftover unpaired fermions .	Using a many-body functional integral formalism , the Gaussian fluctuations give rise to an induced dimer-dimer interaction mediated by the unpaired fermions , with the dimer-fermion vertex being given by the ( mean-field ) Born approximation .	This Bose-Fermi action includes an expression for the effective dimer-unpaired fermion interaction in a spin-polarized Fermi superfluid beyond the Born approximation , in the superfluid phase at finite temperatures .	In the low-density limit , we show how this dimer-fermion interaction gives the s-wave scattering length $ a_ { BF } =1.18a_F $ ( $ a_F $ is the s-wave fermion scattering length ) , a result first derived by Skorniakov and Ter-Martirosian in 1957 for three interacting fermions .
+2	The transition point has been identified as the minimum-correlation point .	The nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition , in the kinetic Ising model in presence of an oscillating magnetic field , has been studied both by Monte Carlo simulation ( in two dimension ) and by solving the meanfield dynamical equation of motion for the average magnetization .	The temperature variations of hysteretic loss ( loop area ) and the dynamic correlation have been studied near the transition point .	The hysteretic loss becomes maximum above the transition point .	An analytical formulation has been developed to analyse the simulation results .
+3	As an example , we consider the decays of the $ \Upsilon ( 10860 ) $ into the $ \chi_ { bJ } \omega\ , ( J=0,1,2 ) $ , which were recently measured by the Belle Collaboration .	Heavy quark spin symmetry is useful to make predictions on ratios of decay or production rates of systems involving heavy quarks .	The breaking of spin symmetry is generally of the order of $ O ( { \Lambda_ { \rm QCD } /m_Q } ) $ , with $ \Lambda_ { \rm QCD } $ the scale of QCD and $ m_Q $ the heavy quark mass .	In this paper , we will show that a small $ S $ - and $ D $ -wave mixing in the wave function of the heavy quarkonium could induce a large breaking in the ratios of partial decay widths .	These decays exhibit a huge breaking of the spin symmetry relation were the $ \Upsilon ( 10860 ) $ a pure $ 5S $ bottomonium state .
+1	For each galaxy we estimate ( 1 ) the total dust mass , ( 2 ) the fraction of the dust mass contributed by PAHs , and ( 3 ) the intensity of the starlight heating the dust grains .	Physical dust models are presented for 65 galaxies in the SINGS survey that are strongly detected in the four IRAC bands and three MIPS bands .	We find that spiral galaxies have dust properties resembling the dust in the local region of the Milky Way , with similar dust-to-gas ratio , and similar PAH abundance .	The observed SEDs , including galaxies with SCUBA photometry , can be reproduced by dust models that do not require `` cold '' ( T & lt ; 10K ) dust .	The dust-to-gas ratio is observed to be dependent on metallicity .
+0	We theoretically demonstrate the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction between magnetic impurities that is mediated by the Weyl fermions embedded inside a three-dimensional Weyl semimetal ( WSM ) .	The WSM is characterized by a pair of Weyl points separated in the momentum space .	Using the Green 's function method and a two-band model , we show that four terms contribute to the magnetic impurity interaction in the WSM phase : the Heisenberg , Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya , spin-frustrated and Ising terms .	Except the last term which is vanishingly small in the plane perpendicular to the line connecting two Weyl points , all the other interaction terms are finite .	Furthermore , the magnetic spins of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya and spin-frustrated terms lie in the plane perpendicular to the line connecting two Weyl points , but in this plane , the magnetic spins of the Ising term have no components .
+0	Modulated in time orbital electron capture ( EC ) decays have been observed recently in stored H-like $ ^ { 140 } $ Pr $ ^ { 58+ } $ and $ ^ { 142 } $ Pm $ ^ { 60+ } $ ions .	Although , the experimental results are extensively discussed in literature , a firm interpretation has still to be established .	Periodic transitions between the hyperfine states could possible lead to the observed effect .	Both selected nuclides decay to stable daughter nuclei via allowed Gamow-Teller transitions .	Due to the conservation of total angular momentum , the allowed EC decay can only proceed from the hyperfine ground state of parent ions .
+1	Similar to previous works of the author , the principal approach is based on deformation of the density matrix with concurrent development of the wave function deformation in the respective Schr { \ '' o } dinger picture , the associated deformation parameter being interpreted as a new small parameter .	Quantum Mechanics of the Early Universe is considered as deformation of a well-known Quantum Mechanics .	It is demonstrated that the existence of black holes in the suggested approach in the end twice causes nonunitary transitions resulting in the unitarity .	In parallel this problem is considered in other terms : entropy density , Heisenberg algebra deformation terms , respective deformations of Statistical Mechanics , - all showing the identity of the basic results .	From this an explicit solution for Hawking 's informaion paradox has been derived .
+0	The effective pair potentials between different kinds of dendrimers in solution can be well approximated by appropriate Gaussian functions .	We find that in binary dendrimer mixtures the range and strength of the effective interactions depend strongly upon the specific dendrimer architecture .	We consider two different types of dendrimer mixtures , employing the Gaussian effective pair potentials , to determine the bulk fluid structure and phase behavior .	Using a simple mean field density functional theory ( DFT ) we find good agreement between theory and simulation results for the bulk fluid structure .	Depending on the mixture , we find bulk fluid-fluid phase separation ( macro-phase separation ) or micro-phase separation , i.e. , a transition to a state characterized by undamped periodic concentration fluctuations .
+2	These additional baselines will improve the sensitivity on a set of critical spatial scales and will increase the angular resolution of e-MERLIN by a factor of two .	The benefits for the e-MERLIN and EVN arrays of using antennae at the satellite communication station at Goonhilly in Cornwall are discussed .	The location of this site - new to astronomy - will provide an almost equal distribution of long baselines in the east-west- and north-south directions , and opens up the possibility to get significantly improved observations of equatorial fields with e-MERLIN .	e-MERLIN observations , including many allocated under the e-MERLIN Legacy programme , will benefit from the enhanced angular resolution and imaging capability especially for sources close to or below the celestial equator ( where ESO facilities such as ALMA will operate ) of including the Goonhilly telescopes .	Furthermore , the baselines formed between Goonhilly and the existing stations will close the gap between the baselines of e-MERLIN and those of the European VLBI Network ( EVN ) and therefore enhance the legacy value of e-MERLIN datasets .
+1	No evidence of violation of CP symmetry is observed neither in CLEO nor in BELLE data .	The results of the searches for CP non-conservation in the decays of tau leptons are presented .	Interpretation of these results is done within the framework of a model with a scalar boson exchange .	Limits on the imaginary part of the coupling constant \Lambda , parameterizing the relative contribution of diagrams that would lead to CP violation , are -0.046 & lt ; \Im ( \Lambda ) & lt ; 0.022 at 90 % C.L .	and |\Im ( \Lambda ) | & lt ; 1.7 at 90 % C.L .
+4	This model atom is suitable for modeling non-equilibrium helium ionization in 3D numerical models .	Helium ionization plays an important role in the energy balance of the upper chromosphere and transition region .	Helium spectral lines are also often used as diagnostics of these regions .	We carry out 1D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of the solar atmosphere and find that the helium ionization is mostly set by photoionization and direct collisional ionization , counteracted by radiative recombination cascades .	By introducing an additional recombination rate mimicking the recombination cascades , we construct a simplified 3 level helium model atom consisting of only the ground states .
+3	Subsequently , the formalism is used to describe simple perception processes and , in particular , to describe the probability distribution of dominance duration obtained from the testimony of subjects experiencing binocular rivalry .	On the basis of the general character and operation of the process of perception , a formalism is sought to mathematically describe the subjective or abstract/mental process of perception .	It is shown that the formalism of orthodox quantum theory of measurement , where the observer plays a key role , is a broader mathematical foundation which can be adopted to describe the dynamics of the subjective experience .	The mathematical formalism describes the psychophysical dynamics of the subjective or cognitive experience as communicated to us by the subject .	Using this theory and parameters based on known values of neuronal oscillation frequencies and firing rates , the calculated probability distribution of dominance duration of rival states in binocular rivalry under various conditions is found to be in good agreement with available experimental data .
+3	A detailed analysis of the young films was started by us in 1987 .	If we pull out rapidly a metallic frame out of a surfactant solution , we arrive at a `` young '' soap film with relatively simple features , as noticed first by Lucassen .	The weight of the film is equilibrated by a vertical gradient of surface tension .	At each level , the local solution concentration equilibrates with the local monolayers .	We present here an approach which is more illuminating a ) the concentration profiles decay exponentially at large heights , with a characteristic length in the range of meters b ) the surface is protected up to a different ( larger ) height c ) we also review the dynamic requirements .
+2	In this study , we present a detailed study on the electronic properties of high-quality single crystal monolayer graphene .	Chemical vapor deposition ( CVD ) has been proposed for large-scale graphene synthesis for practical applications .	However , the inferior electronic properties of CVD graphene are one of the key problems to be solved .	The graphene is grown by CVD on copper using a cold-wall reactor and then transferred to Si/SiO2 .	Our low-temperature magneto-transport data demonstrate that the characteristics of the measured single-crystal CVD graphene samples are superior to those of polycrystalline graphene and have a quality which is comparable to that of exfoliated graphene on Si/SiO2 .
+3	We find that all individual morphological classes and the combined spheroid-/bulge-dominated classes are well described by single Schechter stellar mass function forms .	We report an expanded sample of visual morphological classifications from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly ( GAMA ) survey phase two , which now includes 7,556 objects ( previously 3,727 in phase one ) .	We define a local ( z & lt ; 0.06 ) sample and classify galaxies into E , S0-Sa , SB0-SBa , Sab-Scd , SBab-SBcd , Sd-Irr , and `` little blue spheroid '' types .	Using these updated classifications , we derive stellar mass function fits to individual galaxy populations divided both by morphological class and more general spheroid- or disk-dominated categories with a lower mass limit of log ( Mstar/Msun ) = 8 ( one dex below earlier morphological mass function determinations ) .	We find that the total stellar mass densities for individual galaxy populations and for the entire galaxy population are bounded within our stellar mass limits and derive an estimated total stellar mass density of rho_star = 2.5 x 10^8 Msun Mpc^-3 h_0.7 , which corresponds to an approximately 4 % fraction of baryons found in stars .
+0	We study flip graphs of triangulations whose maximum vertex degree is bounded by a constant $ k $ .	In particular , we consider triangulations of sets of $ n $ points in convex position in the plane and prove that their flip graph is connected if and only if $ k & gt ; 6 $ ; the diameter of the flip graph is $ O ( n^2 ) $ .	We also show that , for general point sets , flip graphs of pointed pseudo-triangulations can be disconnected for $ k \leq 9 $ , and flip graphs of triangulations can be disconnected for any $ k $ .	Additionally , we consider a relaxed version of the original problem .	We allow the violation of the degree bound $ k $ by a small constant .
+3	For typical values of $ e $ and $ p/q $ , two resonant periodic motions are obtained for $ \mu & gt ; 0 $ .	The equations of the restricted three-body problem describe the motion of a massless particle under the influence of two primaries of masses $ 1-\mu $ and $ \mu $ , $ 0\leq \mu \leq 1/2 $ , that circle each other with period equal to $ 2\pi $ .	When $ \mu=0 $ , the problem admits orbits for the massless particle that are ellipses of eccentricity $ e $ with the primary of mass 1 located at one of the focii .	If the period is a rational multiple of $ 2\pi $ , denoted $ 2\pi p/q $ , some of these orbits perturb to periodic motions for $ \mu & gt ; 0 $ .	We show that the characteristic multipliers of both these motions are given by expressions of the form $ 1\pm\sqrt { C ( e , p , q ) \mu } +O ( \mu ) $ in the limit $ \mu\to 0 $ .
+1	The resulting condensation favours the formation of clusters which can give rise to solid particulates by further accretion .	The sputtering of inside wall components of tokamaks can lead to the injection of supersaturated vapour in the plasma edge .	Sputtering discharges are proposed to have highlight on the formation of carbonaceous dust observed in the tokamaks with graphite based wall components .	The flux of the sputtered carbon atoms is evaluated in the conditions of our laboratory discharges as well as the evolution of their energy distribution .	It is shown that a cooling mechanism occurs through collisions with the discharge argon atoms , leading to a nucleation phase .
+0	We theoretically investigate the equation of state and Tan 's contact of a non-degenerate three dimensional Bose gas near a broad Feshbach resonance , within the framework of large- $ N $ expansion .	Our results agree with the path-integral Monte Carlo simulations in the weak-coupling limit and recover the second-order virial expansion predictions at strong interactions and high temperatures .	At resonance , we find that the chemical potential and energy are significantly enhanced by the strong repulsion , while the entropy does not change significantly .	With increasing temperature , the two-body contact initially increases and then decreases like $ T^ { -1 } $ at large temperature , and therefore exhibits a peak structure at about $ 4T_ { c0 } $ , where $ T_ { c0 } $ is the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature of an ideal , non-interacting Bose gas .	These results may be experimentally examined with a non-degenerate unitary Bose gas , where the three-body recombination rate is substantially reduced .
+1	The shape of the nuclear system is determined by an equi-density surface obtained from the density distribution of the system .	Mass parameters for the relative and neck motions in fusion reactions of symmetric systems $ ^ { 90 } $ Zr+ $ ^ { 90 } $ Zr , $ ^ { 110 } $ Pd+ $ ^ { 110 } $ Pd , and $ ^ { 138 } $ Ba+ $ ^ { 138 } $ Ba are studied by means of a microscopic transport model .	The relative and neck motions are then studied and the mass parameters for these two motions are deduced .	The mass parameter for the relative motion is around the reduced mass when the reaction partners are at the separated configuration and increases with decrease of the distance between two reaction partners after the touching configuration .	The mass parameter for the neck motion first decreases slightly up to the touching configuration and then increases with the neck width , and its magnitude is from less than tenth to several times more than the total mass of the system .
+3	Specifically , we note that the relationship between the masses of the lightest neutralino and the lighter stau is sensitive to $ M_ { in } $ , as is the relationship between the neutralino mass and the masses of the heavier Higgs bosons .	We explore the phenomenology of the minimal supersymmetric flipped SU ( 5 ) GUT model ( CFSU ( 5 ) ) , whose soft supersymmetry-breaking ( SSB ) mass parameters are constrained to be universal at some input scale , $ M_ { in } $ , above the GUT scale , $ M_ { GUT } $ .	We analyze the parameter space of CFSU ( 5 ) assuming that the lightest supersymmetric particle ( LSP ) provides the cosmological cold dark matter , paying careful attention to the matching of parameters at the GUT scale .	We first display some specific examples of the evolutions of the SSB parameters that exhibit some generic features .	For these reasons , prominent features in generic $ ( m_ { 1/2 } , m_0 ) $ planes such as coannihilation strips and rapid-annihilation funnels are also sensitive to $ M_ { in } $ , as we illustrate for several cases with tan ( beta ) =10 and 55 .
+4	Possible interpretations are presented and discussed .	We present evidence of X-ray rotational modulation on VXR45 , a young fast rotator star , member of IC 2391 .	It is a dG9 spectral type star whose rotational period and X-ray luminosity make it a supersaturated star .	Our X-ray observation , made with EPIC/PN on XMM-Newton , covers about two photometric rotational periods .	The detection of rotational modulation implies the presence of structural inhomogeneities .
+1	introduces a notion of channel emulation to construct noiseless networks as upper ( resp .	The framework of network equivalence theory developed by Koetter et al .	lower ) bounding models , which can be used to calculate the outer ( resp .	inner ) bounds for the capacity region of the original noisy network .	Based on the network equivalence framework , this paper presents scalable upper and lower bounding models for wireless networks with potentially many nodes .
+1	The characterization of the initial state , which is assumed to be restricted to one side of the barrier , and the time evolution of the density matrix lead to a three-fold path integral which is evaluated in the semiclassical limit .	The time dependent density matrix of a system with potential barrier is studied using path integrals .	The semiclassical trajectories are found to move in the complex coordinate plane and barrier penetration only arises due to fluctuations .	Both the form of the semiclassical paths and the relevant fluctuations change significantly as a function of temperature .	The semiclassical analysis leads to a detailed picture of barrier penetration in the real time domain and the changeover from thermal activation to quantum tunneling .
+2	The relation between the spinfoam model and classical simplicial geometry is studied via the large spin asymptotic expansion of the spinfoam amplitude with all spins uniformaly large .	A new path integral representation of Lorentzian Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine ( EPRL ) spinfoam model is derived by employing the theory of unitary representation of SL ( 2 , $ \mathbb { C } $ ) .	The path integral representation is taken as a starting point of semiclassical analysis .	More precisely in the large spin regime , there is an equivalence between the spinfoam critical configuration ( with certain nondegeneracy assumption ) and a classical Lorentzian simplicial geometry .	Such an equivalence relation allows us to classify the spinfoam critical configurations by their geometrical interpretations , via two types of solution-generating maps .
+1	In particular , we show that due to the finite mean-free path of the particles compression shock waves are smeared out considerably as compared to the one-fluid limit .	We discuss the early evolution of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions within a multi-fluid dynamical model .	Also , the maximal energy density of the baryons is much lower .	We discuss the time scale of kinetic equilibration of the baryons in the central region and its relevance for directed flow .	Finally , thermal emission of direct photons from the fluid of produced particles is calculated within the three-fluid model and two other simple expansion models .
+3	Our algorithm yields in linear time a crossing-free straight-line drawing of a cylindric triangulation $ T $ with $ n $ vertices on a regular grid $ Z/wZ\times [ 0 , h ] $ , with $ w\leq 2n $ and $ h\leq n ( 2d+1 ) $ , where $ d $ is the ( graph- ) distance between the two boundaries .	We extend the notion of canonical orderings to cylindric triangulations .	This allows us to extend the incremental straight-line drawing algorithm of de Fraysseix et al .	to this setting .	As a by-product , we can also obtain in linear time a crossing-free straight-line drawing of a toroidal triangulation with $ n $ vertices on a periodic regular grid $ Z/wZ\times Z/hZ $ , with $ w\leq 2n $ and $ h\leq 1+n ( 2c+1 ) $ , where $ c $ is the length of a shortest non-contractible cycle .
+0	Data from the CPLEAR collaboration coupled with the assumption that the Bell-Steinberger relation holds have provided { \em direct } evidence for \ot~violation .	In this note we investigate what we can say about \ot~violation { \em without } such an assumption .	We show that both the modulus and the phase of $ \eta_ { +- } $ can be reproduced with \ot~ { \em invariant } dynamics through finetuning \cpt~breaking .	The large \ot~odd correlation observed by the KTeV collaboration in $ K_L \to \pi ^+\pi ^- e^+ e^- $ thus does not yield direct evidence for \ot~violation .	In such a world the phase of $ \frac { \epsilon ' } { \epsilon } $ is $ \delta_2-\delta_0-\phi_ { SW } \sim - ( 85.5\pm 4 ) ^\circ $ .
+3	The Einstein rings break the degeneracies in the mass distributions or Hubble constants inferred from observations of gravitational lenses .	We develop a theory of Einstein rings and demonstrate it using the infrared Einstein ring images of the quasar host galaxies observed in PG1115+080 , B1608+656 and B1938+666 .	The shape of an Einstein ring accurately and independently determines the shape of the lens potential and the shape of the lensed host galaxy .	We find that the host galaxies of PG1115+080 , B1608+656 and B1938+666 have axis ratios of 0.58+/-0.02 , 0.69+/-0.02 and 0.62+/-0.15 including the uncertainties in the lens models .	In particular , the Einstein ring in PG1115+080 rules out the centrally concentrated mass distributions that lead to a high Hubble constant ( H_0 & gt ; 60 km/s Mpc ) given the measured time delays .
+4	The radiative decay time of the red-shifted transitions is large and increases almost exponentially from 6.6 ns for quantum dots with height 3 nm to 1100 ns for the quantum dots with height 4.5 nm .	We investigate exciton states theoretically in strained GaN/AlN quantum dots with wurtzite ( WZ ) and zinc-blende ( ZB ) crystal structures , as well as strained WZ GaN/AlGaN quantum dots .	We show that the strain field significantly modifies the conduction and valence band edges of GaN quantum dots .	The piezoelectric field is found to govern excitonic properties of WZ GaN/AlN quantum dots , while it has a smaller effect on WZ GaN/AlGaN , and very little effect on ZB GaN/AlN quantum dots .	As a result , the exciton ground state energy in WZ GaN/AlN quantum dots , with heights larger than 3 nm , exhibits a red shift with respect to the bulk WZ GaN energy gap .
+4	Another resistive layer is added to form interlayer , sandwich-type resistors of m { \Omega } range for releasing unwanted flux quanta from superconducting loops of logic cells .	We review the salient features of two advanced nodes of an 8-Nb-layer fully planarized process developed recently at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for fabricating Single Flux Quantum ( SFQ ) digital circuits with very large scale integration on 200-mm wafers : the SFQ4ee and SFQ5ee nodes , where 'ee ' denotes the process is tuned for energy efficient SFQ circuits .	The former has eight superconducting layers with 0.5 { \mu } m minimum feature size and a 2 { \Omega } /sq Mo layer for circuit resistors .	The latter has nine superconducting layers : eight Nb wiring layers with the minimum feature size of 350 nm and a thin superconducting MoNx layer ( Tc ~ 7.5 K ) with high kinetic inductance ( about 8 pH/sq ) for forming compact inductors .	A nonsuperconducting ( Tc & lt ; 2 K ) MoNx layer with lower nitrogen content is used for 6 { \Omega } /sq planar resistors for shunting and biasing of Josephson junctions .
+1	The noises in the model and in the boundary condition are both additive .	In order to understand the impact of random influences at physical boundary on the evolution of multiscale systems , a stochastic partial differential equation model under a fast random dynamical boundary condition is investigated .	An effective equation is derived and justified by reducing the random \emph { dynamical } boundary condition to a simpler one .	The effective system is still a stochastic partial differential equation .	Furthermore , the quantitative comparison between the solution of the original stochastic system and the effective solution is provided by establishing normal deviations and large deviations principles .
+1	The crucial ingredient is a `reflection ' in the class of such Nichols algebras .	We study the Nichols algebra of a semisimple Yetter-Drinfeld module and introduce new invariants such as real roots .	We conclude the classifications of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras over S_3 , and of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras over S_4 .	The revised version contains an extended introduction with references to recent applications , and a simplified definition of the Weyl groupoid of a semisimple Yetter-Drinfeld module .	Key words : Hopf algebras , quantum groups , Weyl groupoid
+0	The genesis and chemical patterns of the metal poor stars in the galactic halo remains an open question .	Current models do not seem to give a satisfactory explanation for the observed abundances of Lithium in the galactic metal-poor stars and the existence of carbon-enhanced metal-poor ( CEMP ) and Nitrogen-enhanced metal-poor ( NEMP ) stars .	In order to deal with some of these theoretical issues , we suggest an alternative explanation , where some of the Pop .	III SNe are followed by the detonation of their neutron stars ( Quark-Novae ; QNe ) .	In QNe occurring a few days to a few weeks following the preceding SN explosion , the neutron-rich relativistic QN ejecta leads to spallation of 56Ni processed in the ejecta of the preceding SN explosion and thus to `` iron/metal impoverishment '' of the primordial gas swept by the combined SN+QN ejecta .
+2	This can cause unduly prolonged OC examinations that are stressful for the patient , colonoscopist and supporting staff .	Potentially precancerous polyps detected with CT colonography ( CTC ) need to be removed subsequently , using an optical colonoscope ( OC ) .	Due to large colonic deformations induced by the colonoscope , even very experienced colonoscopists find it difficult to pinpoint the exact location of the colonoscope tip in relation to polyps reported on CTC .	We developed a method , based on monocular 3D reconstruction from OC images , that automatically matches polyps observed in OC with polyps reported on prior CTC .	A matching cost is computed , using rigid point-based registration between surface point clouds extracted from both modalities .
+4	We explain how the stringy microscopic description of the D1-D5 system distinguishes between a spherical black hole and a black ring with the same asymptotic charges , and therefore provides a ( partial ) resolution of the non-uniqueness of black holes in five dimensions .	In order to address the issues raised by the recent discovery of non-uniqueness of black holes in five dimensions , we construct a solution of string theory at low energies describing a five-dimensional spinning black ring with three charges that can be interpreted as D1-brane , D5-brane , and momentum charges .	The solution possesses closed timelike curves ( CTCs ) and other pathologies , whose origin we clarify .	These pathologies can be avoided by setting any one of the charges , e.g.the momentum , to zero .	We argue that the D1-D5-charged black ring , lifted to six dimensions , describes the thermal excitation of a supersymmetric D1-D5 supertube , which is in the same U-duality class as the D0-F1 supertube .
+3	As far as we are aware , our split-findmin algorithm is the first with superlinear but sub-inverse-Ackermann complexity .	We present a deterministic algorithm for computing the sensitivity of a minimum spanning tree ( MST ) or shortest path tree in $ O ( m\log\alpha ( m , n ) ) $ time , where $ \alpha $ is the inverse-Ackermann function .	This improves upon a long standing bound of $ O ( m\alpha ( m , n ) ) $ established by Tarjan .	Our algorithms are based on an efficient split-findmin data structure , which maintains a collection of sequences of weighted elements that may be split into smaller subsequences .	We also give a reduction from MST sensitivity to the MST problem itself .
+1	Out of the 61 LAEs , we find the ACS counterparts for the 54 LAEs .	We investigate morphological properties of 61 Lyman-alpha emitters ( LAEs ) at z = 4.86 identified in the COSMOS field , based on Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys ( ACS ) imaging data in the F814W-band .	Eight LAEs show double-component structures with a mean projected separation of 0 .	`` 63 ( ~ 4.0 kpc at z = 4.86 ) .	Considering the faintness of these ACS sources , we carefully evaluate their morphological properties , that is , size and ellipticity .
+4	Analysis of the hedge portfolio distributions indicate that this unhedged tail risk is related to excess portfolio kurtosis found at all scales .	This paper investigates the hedging effectiveness of a dynamic moving window OLS hedging model , formed using wavelet decomposed time-series .	The wavelet transform is applied to calculate the appropriate dynamic minimum-variance hedge ratio for various hedging horizons for a number of assets .	The effectiveness of the dynamic multiscale hedging strategy is then tested , both in- and out-of-sample , using standard variance reduction and expanded to include a downside risk metric , the time horizon dependent Value-at-Risk .	Measured using variance reduction , the effectiveness converges to one at longer scales , while a measure of VaR reduction indicates a portion of residual risk remains at all scales .
+0	A filament eruption , accompanied by a B9.5 flare , coronal dimming and an EUV wave , was observed by the Solar TERrestrial Relations Observatory ( STEREO ) on 19 May 2007 , beginning at about 13:00 UT .	Here , we use observations from the SECCHI/EUVI telescopes and other solar observations to analyze the behavior and geometry of the filament before and during the eruption .	At this time , STEREO A and B were separated by about 8.5 degrees , sufficient to determine the three-dimensional structure of the filament using stereoscopy .	The filament could be followed in SECCHI/EUVI 304 A stereoscopic data from about 12 hours before to about 2 hours after the eruption , allowing us to determine the 3D trajectory of the erupting filament .	From the 3D reconstructions of the filament and the chromospheric ribbons in the early stage of the eruption , simultaneous heating of both the rising filamentary material and the chromosphere directly below is observed , consistent with an eruption resulting from magnetic reconnection below the filament .
+3	We show that , classically , this fate is not inevitable : there exist Smash-free Phantom cosmologies , obtained by a suitable perturbation of the deSitter equation of state , in which the spacetime is in fact asymptotically deSitter .	Recent observations suggest that the cosmological equation-of-state parameter w is close to -1 .	To say this is to imply that w could be slightly less than -1 , which leads to R.Caldwell 's `` Phantom cosmologies '' .	These often have the property that they end in a `` Big Smash '' , a final singularity in which the Universe is destroyed in a finite proper time by excessive *expansion* .	[ Contrary to popular belief , such cosmologies , which violate the Dominant Energy Condition , do not necessarily violate causality . ]
+4	The modeling of the transient optical reflectivity indicates that the mechanism of phonon generation is achieved through ultrafast heating of the NPS assisted by light excitation of the volume plasmon .	We report the investigation of the generation and detection of GHz coherent acoustic phonons in plasmonic gold nanoparticles superlattices ( NPS ) .	The experiments have been performed from an optical femtosecond pump-probe scheme across the optical plasmon resonance of the superlattice .	Our experiments allow to estimate the collective elastic response ( sound velocity ) of the NPS as well as an estimate of the nano-contact elastic stiffness .	It appears that the light-induced coherent acoustic phonon pulse has a typical in-depth spatial extension of about 45 nm which is roughly 4 times the optical skin depth in gold .
+4	With the proposed Square Kilometer Array dark energy survey , the numbers of reliable strong gravitational lenses with source redshifts can reach 10^5 .	The Euclid space telescope will observe ~10^5 strong galaxy-galaxy gravitational lens events in its wide field imaging survey over around half the sky , but identifying the gravitational lenses from their observed morphologies requires solving the difficult problem of reliably separating the lensed sources from contaminant populations , such as tidal tails , as well as presenting challenges for spectroscopic follow-up redshift campaigns .	Here I present alternative selection techniques for strong gravitational lenses in both Euclid and the Square Kilometer Array , exploiting the strong magnification bias present in the steep end of the Halpha luminosity function and HI mass function .	Around 10^3 strong lensing events are detectable with this method in the Euclid wide survey .	While only ~1 % of the total haul of Euclid lenses , this sample has ~100 % reliability , known source redshifts , high signal-to-noise and a magnification-based selection independent of assumptions of lens morphology .
+2	The variation of composite fields effective action is found in terms of new set of operators depending on composite field .	The gauge dependence of the effective action of composite fields for general gauge theories in the framework of the quantization method by Batalin , Lavrov and Tyutin is studied .	The corresponding Ward identities are obtained .	The theorem of the on-shell gauge fixing independence for the effective action of composite fields in such formalism is proved .	brief discussion of gravitational-vector induced interaction for Maxwell theory with composite fields is given .
+0	In this article we consider a piston modelled by a potential in the presence of extra dimensions .	We analyze the functional determinant and the Casimir effect for this configuration .	In order to compute the determinant and Casimir force we employ the zeta function scheme .	Essentially , the computation reduces to the analysis of the zeta function associated with a scalar field living on an interval $ [ 0 , L ] $ in a background potential .	Although , as a model for a piston , it seems reasonable to assume a potential having compact support within $ [ 0 , L ] $ , we provide a formalism that can be applied to any sufficiently smooth potential .
+1	If the strength J of the ferromagnetic interaction is larger than a critical value J_c , then the ground state is homogeneous .	We consider Ising models in d=2 and d=3 dimensions with nearest neighbor ferromagnetic and long-range antiferromagnetic interactions , the latter decaying as ( distance ) ^ ( -p ) , p & gt ; 2d , at large distances .	It has been conjectured that when J is smaller than but close to J_c the ground state is periodic and striped , with stripes of constant width h=h ( J ) , and h tends to infinity as J tends to J_c from below .	( In d=3 stripes mean slabs , not columns . )	Here we rigorously prove that , if we normalize the energy in such a way that the energy of the homogeneous state is zero , then the ratio e_0 ( J ) /e_S ( J ) tends to 1 as J tends to J_c from below , with e_S ( J ) being the energy per site of the optimal periodic striped/slabbed state and e_0 ( J ) the actual ground state energy per site of the system .
+2	The regions of existence of the superfluid and Mott insulator phases are established and the $ ( \mu , t ) $ ( the chemical potential -- transfer parameter ) phase diagrams are built .	The phase transitions in the Bose-Hubbard model are investigated .	A single-particle Green 's function is calculated in the random phase approximation and the formalism of the Hubbard operators is used .	The influence of temperature change on this transition is analyzed and the phase diagram in the $ ( T , \mu ) $ plane is constructed .	The role of thermal activation of the ion hopping is investigated by taking into account the temperature dependence of the transfer parameter .
+0	We propose a unified theory of dark matter ( DM ) genesis and baryogenesis .	It explains the observed link between the DM density and the baryon density , and is fully testable by a combination of collider experiments and precision tests .	Our theory utilises the `` thermal freeze-in '' mechanism of DM production , generating particle anti-particle asymmetries in decays from visible to hidden sectors .	Calculable , linked , asymmetries in baryon number and DM number are produced by the feeble interaction mediating between the two sectors , while the out-of-equilibrium condition necessary for baryogenesis is provided by the different temperatures of the visible and hidden sectors .	An illustrative model is presented where the visible sector is the MSSM , with the relevant CP violation arising from phases in the gaugino and Higgsino masses , and both asymmetries are generated at temperatures of order 100 GeV .
+4	The radius of the photon capture sphere is independent of the hot spot model , and therefore its possible detection , which is observationally challenging but not out of reach , can unambiguously test if the center of our Galaxy harbors a wormhole rather than a black hole .	The supermassive black hole candidates at the center of every normal galaxy might be wormholes created in the early Universe and connecting either two different regions of our Universe or two different universes in a Multiverse model .	Indeed , the origin of these supermassive objects is not well understood , topological non-trivial structures like wormholes are allowed both in general relativity and in alternative theories of gravity , and current observations can not rule out such a possibility .	In a few years , the VLTI instrument GRAVITY will have the capability to image blobs of plasma orbiting near the innermost stable circular orbit of SgrA $ ^* $ , the supermassive black hole candidate in the Milky Way .	The secondary image of a hot spot orbiting around a wormhole is substantially different from that of a hot spot around a black hole , because the photon capture sphere of the wormhole is much smaller .
+3	In particular , there are obtained the main classical special relativity theory relations and their new explanations .	We review the modern classical electrodynamics problems and present the related main fundamental principles characterizing the electrodynamical vacuum-field structure .	We analyze the models of the vacuum field medium and charged point particle dynamics using the developed field theory concepts .	There is also described a new approach to the classical Maxwell theory based on the derived and newly interpreted basic equations making use of the vacuum field theory approach .	The well known Feynman approach to Maxwell electromagnetic equations and the Lorentz type force derivation is also discussed in detail .
+4	It is the first time that such predictions have been obtained model-independently for an infinite series of groups .	Experimentally viable lepton mixing parameters can be predicted in so-called direct flavour models with Majorana neutrinos using $ \Delta ( 6n^2 ) $ groups as a flavour group .	In direct models , in which the flavour group is broken to a $ Z_2\times Z_2 $ subgroup in the neutrino sector , mixing angles and Dirac CP phase are purely predicted from symmetry .	General predictions of direct models with $ \Delta ( 6n^2 ) $ flavour groups are that all mixing angles are fixed up to a discrete choice and that the Dirac CP phase is $ 0 $ or $ \pi $ ; Furthermore , the middle column of the mixing matrix is trimaximal which yields the sum rule $ \theta_ { 23 } =45^\circ \mp \theta_ { 13 } /\sqrt { 2 } $ depending on the Dirac phase .	These predictions of lepton mixing parameters are compatible with recent global fit results or will be tested experimentally in the near future .
+1	In order to do computations , we make unjustified approximations to the low energy K\ '' ahler potential .	We construct a minimal model within the general class of Pyramid Schemes , which is consistent with both supersymmetry breaking and electroweak symmetry breaking .	The phenomenological viability of the resultant mass spectrum is then examined and compared with current collider limits .	We show that , for certain regimes of parameters , the Pyramid Scheme can accommodate the current collider mass constraints on physics beyond the standard model with a tree-level light Higgs mass near 125 GeV .	However , in this regime the model exhibits a little hierarchy problem , and one must permit fine-tunings that are generically 5 % .
+0	Linear and nonlinear dynamic properties of a reentrant ferromagnet Cu $ _ { 0.2 } $ Co $ _ { 0.8 } $ Cl $ _ { 2 } $ -FeCl $ _ { 3 } $ graphite bi-intercalation compound are studied using AC and DC magnetic susceptibility .	This compound undergoes successive phase transitions at the transition temperatures $ T_ { h } $ ( = 16 K ) , $ T_ { c } $ ( = 9.7 K ) , and $ T_ { RSG } $ ( = 3.5 K ) .	The static and dynamic behaviors of the reentrant spin glass phase below $ T_ { RSG } $ are characterized by those of normal spin glass phase with critical exponent $ \beta $ = 0.57 $ \pm $ 0.10 , a dynamic critical exponent $ x $ = 8.5 $ \pm $ 1.8 , and an exponent $ p $ ( = 1.55 $ \pm $ 0.13 ) for the de Almeida -Thouless line .	A prominent nonlinear susceptibility is observed between $ T_ { RSG } $ and $ T_ { c } $ and around $ T_ { h } $ , suggesting a chaotic nature of the ferromagnetic phase ( $ T_ { RSG } \leq T \leq T_ { c } $ ) and the helical spin ordered phase ( $ T_ { c } \leq T \leq T_ { h } $ ) .	The aging phenomena are observed both in the RSG and FM phases , with the same qualitative features as in normal spin glasses .
+0	Systems of solitary-waves in the 1D Gross-Pitaevskii equation , which models a trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate , are investigated theoretically .	To analyse the soliton-like nature of these solitary-waves , a particle analogy for the solitary-waves is formulated .	Exact soliton solutions exist in the absence of an external trapping potential , which behave in a particle-like manner , and we find the particle analogy we employ to be a good model also when a harmonic trapping potential is present .	In the case of two solitons , the particle model is integrable , and the dynamics are completely regular .	The extension to three particles supports chaotic regimes .
+2	The main results of this paper are significant improvements upon the best known asymptotic bounds on the number of admissible vertices , using polytopes in both the standard normal surface coordinate system and the streamlined quadrilateral coordinate system .	The enumeration of normal surfaces is a key bottleneck in computational three-dimensional topology .	The underlying procedure is the enumeration of admissible vertices of a high-dimensional polytope , where admissibility is a powerful but non-linear and non-convex constraint .	To achieve these results we examine the layout of admissible points within these polytopes .	We show that these points correspond to well-behaved substructures of the face lattice , and we study properties of the corresponding `` admissible faces '' .
+1	Prion diseases are invariably fatal and highly infectious neurodegenerative diseases that affect a wide variety of mammalian species such as sheep and goats , cattle , deer , elk and humans etc .	Prion is a misfolded protein found in mammals that causes infectious diseases of the nervous system in humans and animals .	Recent studies have shown that rabbits have a low susceptibility to be infected by prion diseases with respect to other animals including humans .	The present study employs molecular dynamics ( MD ) means to unravel the mechanism of rabbit prion proteins ( RaPrPC ) based on the recently available rabbit NMR structures ( of the wild-type and its two mutants of two surface residues ) .	The electrostatic charge distributions on the protein surface are the focus when analysing the MD trajectories .
+1	Luminosity functions and velocity distributions have been derived .	We present magnitudes and redshifts of galaxies in the cluster of galaxies CL0017-20 and in the double cluster CL0500-24 .	CL0017-20 possesses a virial mass of $ 2.9 \times 10^ { 14 } $ M $ _\odot $ and a \vmag band luminosity of $ 2.3 \pm 0.5 \times 10^ { 12 } $ L $ _\odot $ ( $ M/L_ { \rm V } = 127 $ ) , much of it in a very compact core of size 113 kpc .	Our new velocities and photometry of CL0500-24 confirm its double nature .	Our group algorithm clearly detects two subconcentrations with masses 1.9 and $ 2.2 \times 10^ { 14 } $ M $ _ { \odot } $ .
+2	The correction due to the finite value of N_c is O ( 1/N_c^2 ) \sim 10 % level .	We study the Q^2 evolution of the nucleon 's chiral-odd twist-3 distribution h_L ( x , Q^2 ) starting from the MIT bag model calculation .	A simple GLAP equation for h_L ( x , Q^2 ) obtained at large N_c is used for the Q^2 evolution .	It turns out that the twist-3 contribution to h_L ( x , Q^2 ) is significantly reduced at Q^2=10 GeV^2 in contrast to the g_2 ( x , Q^2 ) case .	This is due to the fact that the corresponding anomalous dimension for h_L is larger than that for g_2 at small n ( spin ) .
+0	The study of the modification of interfacial properties between an organic solvent and aqueous electrolyte solutions is presented by using electrostatic Dissipative Particle Dynamics ( DPD ) simulations .	In this article the parametrization for the DPD repulsive parameters aij for the electrolyte components is calculated considering the dependence of the Flory-Huggins \c { hi } parameter on the concentration and the kind of electrolyte added , by means of the activity coefficients .	In turn , experimental data was used to obtain the activity coefficients of the electrolytes as a function of their concentration in order to estimate the \c { hi } parameters and then the aij coefficients .	We validate this parametrization through the study of the interfacial tension in a mixture of n-dodecane and water , varying the concentration of different inorganic salts ( NaCl , KBr , Na2SO4 and UO2Cl2 ) .	The case of HCl in the mixture n-dodecane/water was also analyzed and the results presented .
+3	This is unexpected given that NaCoO $ _2 $ is a band insulator and CoO $ _2 $ has an integer filled open shell making it a candidate for strong correlations .	Increasing experimental evidence is building which indicates that signatures of strong correlations are present in the Na rich region of Na $ _x $ CoO $ _2 $ ( ie .	$ x\approx0.7 $ ) and absent in the Na poor region ( ie .	$ x\approx0.3 $ ) .	We explain these experimental observations by presenting a minimal low-energy Hamiltonian for the cobaltates and solving it within LDA+DMFT .
+2	Coupling atomic quantum many-body states to an independently controllable single-particle gives access to a wealth of novel physics and to completely new detection and manipulation techniques .	In recent years , ultracold atoms have emerged as an exceptionally controllable experimental system to investigate fundamental physics , ranging from quantum information science to simulations of condensed matter models .	Here we go one step further and explore how cold atoms can be combined with other quantum systems to create new quantum hybrids with tailored properties .	We report on recent experiments in which we have for the first time deterministically placed a single ion into an atomic Bose Einstein condensate .	A trapped ion , which currently constitutes the most pristine single particle quantum system , can be observed and manipulated at the single particle level .
+0	Approximate dynamic programming has been used successfully in a large variety of domains , but it relies on a small set of provided approximation features to calculate solutions reliably .	Large and rich sets of features can cause existing algorithms to overfit because of a limited number of samples .	We address this shortcoming using $ L_1 $ regularization in approximate linear programming .	Because the proposed method can automatically select the appropriate richness of features , its performance does not degrade with an increasing number of features .	These results rely on new and stronger sampling bounds for regularized approximate linear programs .
+3	In this Letter , we consider the implications of an upper limit on the submm flux density for the demographics of the SMG population .	Explaining the observed number counts of submillimetre ( submm ) galaxies ( SMGs ) has been a longstanding challenge for theoretical models .	Surprisingly , recent observations have suggested that the brightest SMGs are almost exclusively multiple fainter sources blended into a single source in the single-dish surveys .	This result is in contrast with the predictions of our previously presented theoretical model , which includes some effects of blending .	Using a relation amongst submm flux , star formation rate ( SFR ) , and dust mass ( M_d ) from our previous work , we infer the maximum SFR for a range of flux density limits .
+4	The obtained behavior of m_rho^2 ( t ) at small momentum squared t makes the K+ -- & gt ; pi+e+e- form factor rise faster with increasing $ t $ than in the original meson-dominance calculation and more in agreement with the published data .	We make an attempt to resolve the discrepancy of the observed e+e- mass spectrum in the K+ -- & gt ; pi+e+e- decay with that predicted by meson dominance .	To this end we investigate the properties of the rho0 propagator .	We use dispersion relations to evaluate the running mass squared m_rho^2 ( t ) of the rho0 resonance without adjustable parameters .	To improve the convergence of the dispersion integral , the momentum dependence of strong vertices is taken from the flux-tube-breaking model of Kokoski and Isgur .
+1	Here we argue that molecular clouds ( mainly H_2 ) located in the galactic halo can contribute substantially to its total mass .	Recent observations of microlensing events in the Large Magellanic Cloud suggest that a sizeable fraction of the galactic halo is in form of MACHOs with mass less than abou 0.1 M_ { \odot } .	We outline a scenario in which dark clusters of MACHOs and molecular clouds naturally form in the halo at large galactocentric distances .	Possible ways of detecting MACHOs via infrared emission and molecular clouds via the induced gamma-ray flux are discussed .	Molecular clouds located in the M31 dark halo could be discovered through cosmic background radiation ( CBR ) anisotropies or emission lines in the microwave band .
+4	We observed K\ '' { u } ppers-Lortz ( KL ) type patterns at the primary instability for $ \eta = 1/\sqrt { 3 } $ and $ Ta \ge 40 $ .	We present the results of our investigations of the primary instability and the flow patterns near onset in zero-Prandtl-number Rayleigh-B\'enard convection with uniform rotation about a vertical axis .	The investigations are carried out using direct numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic equations with stress-free horizontal boundaries in rectangular boxes of size $ ( 2\pi/k_x ) \times ( 2\pi/k_y ) \times 1 $ for different values of the ratio $ \eta = k_x/k_y $ .	The primary instability is found to depend on $ \eta $ and $ Ta $ .	Wavy rolls are observed at the primary instability for smaller values of $ \eta $ ( $ 1/\sqrt { 3 } \le \eta \le 2 $ except at $ \eta = 1 $ ) and for smaller values of $ Ta $ .
+4	A polarization map can be separated into the three components either by finding an orthonormal basis for each component , or directly in real space by using Green functions or other methods .	In a microwave background polarization map that covers only part of the sky , it is impossible to separate the E and B components perfectly .	This difficulty in general makes it more difficult to detect the B component in a data set .	Any polarization map can be separated in a unique way into `` pure E , '' `` pure B , '' and `` ambiguous '' components .	Power that resides in the pure E ( B ) component is guaranteed to be produced by E ( B ) modes , but there is no way to tell whether the ambiguous component comes from E or B modes .
+3	We attribute this difference to relativistic effects , which results in an enhanced density of d-states at the Fermi energy for Au compared with Ag .	We study the impact of electrode band structure on transport through single-molecule junctions by measuring the conductance of pyridine-based molecules using Ag and Au electrodes .	Our experiments are carried out using the scanning tunneling microscope based break-junction technique and are supported by density functional theory based calculations .	We find from both experiments and calculations that the coupling of the dominant transport orbital to the metal is stronger for Au-based junctions when compared with Ag-based junctions .	We further show that the alignment of the conducting orbital relative to the Fermi level does not follow the work function difference between two metals and is different for conjugated and saturated systems .
+1	For these instances , we can incorporate this geographical information to determine optimal or nearly-optimal solutions to the n-team Traveling Tournament Problem ( TTP ) , an NP-hard sports scheduling problem whose solution is a double round-robin tournament schedule that minimizes the sum total of distances traveled by all n teams .	In some domestic professional sports leagues , the home stadiums are located in cities connected by a common train line running in one direction .	We introduce the Linear Distance Traveling Tournament Problem ( LD-TTP ) , and solve it for n=4 and n=6 , generating the complete set of possible solutions through elementary combinatorial techniques .	For larger n , we propose a novel `` expander construction '' that generates an approximate solution to the LD-TTP .	For n congruent to 4 modulo 6 , we show that our expander construction produces a feasible double round-robin tournament schedule whose total distance is guaranteed to be no worse than 4/3 times the optimal solution , regardless of where the n teams are located .
+0	Let $ f $ be an endomorphism of a vector space $ V $ over a field $ K $ .	An $ f $ -invariant subspace $ X \subseteq V $ is called hyperinvariant ( respectively characteristic ) if $ X $ is invariant under all endomorphisms ( respectively automorphisms ) that commute with $ f $ .	If $ |K| & gt ; 2 $ then all characteristic subspaces are hyperinvariant .	If $ |K| = 2 $ then there are endomorphisms $ f $ with invariant subspaces that are characteristic but not hyperinvariant .	In this paper we give a new proof of a theorem of Shoda , which provides a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of characteristic non-hyperinvariant subspaces .
+3	It has recently been shown that modularity evolves because of the presence of a cost for network connections .	Hierarchical organization -- the recursive composition of sub-modules -- is ubiquitous in biological networks , including neural , metabolic , ecological , and genetic regulatory networks , and in human-made systems , such as large organizations and the Internet .	To date , most research on hierarchy in networks has been limited to quantifying this property .	However , an open , important question in evolutionary biology is why hierarchical organization evolves in the first place .	Here we investigate whether such connection costs also tend to cause a hierarchical organization of such modules .
+1	We study the problem of counting and enumerating D2CS of a graph .	A D2CS of a graph G is a set $ S \subseteq V ( G ) $ with $ diam ( G [ S ] ) \leq 2 $ .	First we give an explicit formula for the number of D2CS in a complete k-ary tree , Fibonacci tree , binary Fibonacci tree and the binomial tree .	Next we give an algorithm for enumerating and counting D2CS of a graph .	We then give a linear time algorithm for finding all maximal D2CS in a strongly chordal graph .
+2	We point out that current constraints from neutrino data can be used to derive strict lower limits on the branching ratio of flavour changing charged lepton decays , such as $ \mu \to e \gamma $ .	The smallness of the observed neutrino masses might have a radiative origin .	Here we revisit a specific two-loop model of neutrino mass , independently proposed by Babu and Zee .	Non-observation of Br ( $ \mu \to e \gamma $ ) at the level of $ 10^ { -13 } $ would rule out singly charged scalar masses smaller than 590 GeV ( 5.04 TeV ) in case of normal ( inverse ) neutrino mass hierarchy .	Conversely , decay branching ratios of the non-standard scalars of the model can be fixed by the measured neutrino angles ( and mass scale ) .
+0	It is now well established , both theoretically and experimentally , that very small changes in the size of isolated nanograins lead to substantial nonmonotonic variations , and sometimes enhancement , of the mean-field spectroscopic gap of conventional superconductors .	A natural question to ask , of broad relevance for the theory and applications of superconductivity , is whether these size effects can also enhance the critical temperature of a bulk granular material composed of such nanograins .	Here we answer this question affirmatively .	We combine mean-field , semiclassical , and percolation techniques to show that engineered nanoscale granularity in conventional superconductors can enhance the critical temperature by up to a few times compared to the nongranular bulk limit .	This prediction is valid for three-dimensional and also quasi-two-dimensional samples , provided the thickness is much larger than the grain size .
+2	The presence of small extra dimensions transverse to the pair in the formalism ensures dynamical scalar fields hidden to a $ 3 $ -brane or an anti 3-brane universe .	We obtain axionic charged primordial black holes on a vacuum created gravitational pair of $ ( 3 { \bar 3 } ) $ -brane by the Kalb-Ramond field on a $ D_4 $ -brane in presence of a background open string metric .	The new geometries on an emergent pair of $ ( 3 { \bar 3 } ) $ -brane universe is shown to be influenced by the non-perturbative quantum effects underlying a geometric torsion in a second order formalism .	We investigate the non-perturbative quantum vacua for their characteristic properties to explain the accelerated expansion of our universe .	Interestingly the emergent brane universe is shown to possess its origin in a degenerate stringy de Sitter vacua at an early epoch .
+0	A comprehensive study of doped RVB states is performed .	It reveals a fundamental connection between superconductivity and quantum spin fluctuations in underdoped cuprates : { \em Cooper pair hopping } strongly reduces the local magnetization $ m_0 $ .	This effect pertains to recent muon spin rotation measurements in which $ m_0 $ varies weakly with hole doping in the poorly conducting regime , but drops precipitously above the onset of superconductivity .	Gutzwiller mean field Approximation ( GA ) is found to agree with numerical Monte Carlo calculation .	GA shows for example that for a bond amplitude $ u ( r ) =e^ { -r/\xi } $ , spin spin correlations decay exponentially with a correlation length $ \propto e^ { 3\pi \xi^2/2 } $ .
+4	Some care is devoted to the estimate of the errors .	The chiral expansion of the $ \pi\pi $ amplitude to the order of two loops was expressed in terms of six independent parameters in a previous paper : four of these are shown here to satisfy sum rules .	Their derivation , where crossing symmetry plays a key role , is explained .	Their convergence properties are studied and their practical evaluation , in terms of the available data on $ \pi\pi $ phase shifts above 0.5 GeV , is discussed .	Below 0.5 GeV , the chiral amplitude itself is employed , such that the parameters are determined in a self-consistent way .
+1	Our aim is to investigate the effects of torsion and spin averaged terms on the final outcome of the collapse .	We consider the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric homogeneous matter distribution consisting of a Weyssenhoff fluid in the presence of a negative cosmological constant .	For a specific interior spacetime setup , namely the homogeneous and isotropic FLRW metric , we obtain two classes of solutions to the field equations where depending on the relation between spin source parameters , $ ( i ) $ the collapse procedure culminates in a spacetime singularity or $ ( ii ) $ it is replaced by a non-singular bounce .	We show that , under certain conditions , for a specific subset of the former solutions , the formation of trapped surfaces is prevented and thus the resulted singularity could be naked .	The curvature singularity that forms could be gravitationally strong in the sense of Tipler .
+2	We consider eight variations of the problem based on the distance metric used and the omittability or repeatability of the points .	Let $ P $ be a polygonal curve in $ \mathbb { R } ^d $ of length $ n $ , and $ S $ be a point-set of size $ k $ .	The Curve/Point Set Matching problem consists of finding a polygonal curve $ Q $ on $ S $ such that the Fr\'echet distance from $ P $ is less than a given $ \varepsilon $ .	We provide closure to a recent series of complexity results for the case where $ S $ consists of precise points .	More importantly , we formulate a more realistic version of the problem that takes into account measurement errors .
+2	It is proven that there exist constants $ 0 & lt ; \alpha_- & lt ; \alpha_+ $ such that $ H ( \alpha ) $ has no ground state for $ |\alpha| & lt ; \alpha_- $ , which complements an earlier result stating that there is a ground state for $ |\alpha| & gt ; \alpha_+ $ .	The Pauli-Fierz model $ H ( \alpha ) $ in nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics is considered .	The external potential $ V $ is sufficiently shallow and the dipole approximation is assumed .	We develop a suitable extension of the Birman-Schwinger argument .	Moreover for any given $ \delta & gt ; 0 $ examples of potentials $ V $ are provided such that $ \alpha_+-\alpha_- & lt ; \delta $ .
+1	The method works when the interference is present in many harmonics , as long as they remain coherent with one another .	We describe a new technique for removing troublesome interference from external coherent signals present in the gravitational wave spectrum .	The method can remove interference even when the frequency changes .	We apply the method to the data produced by the Glasgow laser interferometer in 1996 and the entire series of wide lines corresponding to the electricity supply frequency and its harmonics are removed , leaving the spectrum clean enough to detect possible signals previously masked by them .	We also study the effects of the line removal on the statistics of the noise in the time domain .
+0	In the paper we present an isothermal model for describing damage and fatigue by the use of the Ginzburg-Landau ( G-L ) equation .	Fatigue produces progressive damage , which is related with a variation of the internal structure of the material .	The G-L equation studies the evolution of the order parameter , which describes the constitutive arrangement of the system and , in this framework , the evolution of damage .	The thermodynamic coherence of the model is proved .	In the last part of the work , we extend the results of the paper to a non-isothermal system , where fatigue contains thermal effects , which increase the damage of materials .
+4	Thus , grass awns efficiently transform non-equilibrium environmental stresses into useful work and directed motion using their length as a fluctuation amplifier , yielding a selective advantage to these organelles in many plant species .	Ratcheting surfaces are a common motif in nature and appear in plant awns and grasses .	They are known to profer selective advantages for seed dispersion and burial .	In two simple model experiments we show that these anisotropically toothed surfaces naturally serve as motion rectifiers and generically move in a unidirectional manner when subjected to temporally and spatially symmetric excitations of various origins .	Using a combination of theory and experiment we show that a linear relation between awn length and ratchet efficiency holds under biologically relevant conditions .
+2	In fact in dimension D there are [ ( D-1 ) /2 ] commuting Virasoro algebras .	We extend the investigation of the recently proposed Kerr/CFT correspondence to large classes of rotating black hole solutions in gauged and ungauged supergravities .	The correspondence , proposed originally for four-dimensional Kerr black holes , asserts that the quantum states in the near-horizon region of an extremal rotating black hole are holographically dual to a two-dimensional chiral theory whose Virasoro algebra arises as an asymptotic symmetry of the near-horizon geometry .	We consider a general canonical class of near-horizon geometries in arbitrary dimension D , and show that in any such metric , the [ ( D-1 ) /2 ] central charges each imply , via the Cardy formula , a microscopic entropy that agrees with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the associated extremal black hole .	In the remainder of the paper we show for most of the known rotating black hole solutions of gauged supergravity , and for the ungauged supergravity solutions with four charges in D=4 and three charges in D=5 , that their extremal near-horizon geometries indeed lie within the canonical form .
+2	All of them are Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars ( FSRQs ) .	With the release of the first year Fermi catalogue , the number of blazars detected above 100 MeV lying at high redshift has been largely increased .	There are 28 blazars at z & gt ; 2 in the `` clean '' sample .	We study and model their overall spectral energy distribution in order to find the physical parameters of the jet emitting region , and for all of them we estimate their black hole masses and accretion rates .	We then compare the jet with the accretion disk properties , setting these sources in the broader context of all the other bright gamma-ray or hard X-ray blazars .
+2	The mean SFR of the protocluster AGNs ( ~110-210 M_sun/yr ) is consistent ( within a factor of ~0.7-2.3 ) with that found for co-eval AGNs in the field , implying that galaxy growth is not significantly accelerated across the protocluster environment .	We exploit ALMA 870um observations to measure the star-formation rates ( SFRs ) of eight X-ray detected Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGNs ) in a z~3.1 protocluster , four of which reside in extended Ly-alpha haloes ( often termed Ly-alpha blobs : LABs ) .	Three of the AGNs are detected by ALMA and have implied SFRs of ~220-410~M_sun/yr ; the non detection of the other five AGNs places SFR upper limits of & lt ; 210 M_sun/y .	However , when also considering ALMA data from the literature , we find some evidence for significantly elevated mean SFRs ( up-to a factor of ~4.3 over the field ) for the AGNs at the protocluster core .	We also show that all of the four protocluster LABs are associated with an ALMA counterpart within the extent of their Ly-alpha emission .
+0	We present a simple model where photons propagating in extra-galactic magnetic fields can oscillate into very light axions .	The oscillations may convert some of the photons departing a distant supernova into axions , making the supernova appear dimmer and hence more distant than it really is .	Averaging over different configurations of the magnetic field we find that the dimming saturates at about 1/3 of the light from the supernovae at very large redshifts .	This results in a luminosity-distance vs. redshift curve almost indistinguishable from that produced by the accelerating Universe , if the axion mass and coupling scale are m ~ 10^-16 eV , M ~ 4 10^11 GeV .	This phenomenon may be an alternative to the accelerating Universe for explaining supernova observations .
+3	Our proofs rely on the generalisation to orientable surfaces of the Bouttier-Di Francesco-Guitter bijection , and on generating series methods .	We perform the asymptotic enumeration of two classes of rooted maps on orientable surfaces of genus g : m-hypermaps and m-constellations .	For m=2 , they correspond respectively to maps with even face degrees and bipartite maps .	We obtain explicit asymptotic formulas for the number of such maps with any finite set of allowed face degrees .	We show that each of the 2g fondamental cycles of the surface contributes a factor m between the numbers of m-hypermaps and m-constellations -- for example , large maps of genus g with even face degrees are bipartite with probability tending to 1/2^ { 2g } .
+4	We place emphasis on ensuring numerical methods to have the same physical properties that the PNP equations themselves also possess , namely conservation of total ions and correct rates of energy dissipation .	A macroscopic model to describe the dynamics of ion transport in ion channels is the Poisson-Nernst-Planck ( PNP ) equations .	In this paper , we develop a finite-difference method for solving PNP equations , which is second-order accurate in both space and time .	We use the physical parameters specifically suited toward the modelling of ion channels .	We present a simple iterative scheme to solve the system of nonlinear equations resulting from discretizing the equations implicitly in time , which is demonstrated to converge in a few iterations .
+1	Our estimates suggest that the anharmonic dot confining potential combined with a gradient in the transverse magnetic field dominates the second harmonic response .	We demonstrate coherent driving of a single electron spin using second harmonic excitation in a Si/SiGe quantum dot .	As expected , the Rabi frequency depends quadratically on the driving amplitude and the periodicity with respect to the phase of the drive is twice that of the fundamental harmonic .	The maximum Rabi frequency observed for the second harmonic is just a factor of two lower than that achieved for the first harmonic when driving at the same power .	Combined with the lower demands on microwave circuitry when operating at half the qubit frequency , these observations indicate that second harmonic driving can be a useful technique for future quantum computation architectures .
+3	We also study the unfolding procedure , which relates these D_n quivers to A_ { 2n-5 } quivers .	We apply the matrix model of Kapustin , Willett and Yaakov to compute the free energy of N=3 Chern-Simons matter theories with D_n quivers in the large N limit .	We conjecture a general expression for the free energy that is explicitly invariant under Seiberg duality and show that it can be interpreted as a sum over certain graphs known as signed graphs .	Through the AdS/CFT correspondence , this leads to a prediction for the volume of certain tri-Sasaki Einstein manifolds .	Furthermore , we consider the addition of massive fundamental flavor fields , verifying that integrating these out decreases the free energy in accordance with the F-theorem .
+3	The Sommerfeld coefficient of the specific heat is fairly small , 0.16 ( 2 ) mJ mol-1 K-2 , indicating that the magnetism reflects localized nature of the 4d electrons .	A quasi-one dimensional magnetism was discovered in the post-perovskite CaRuO3 ( Ru4+ : 4d4 , Cmcm ) , which is iso-compositional with the perovskite CaRuO3 ( Pbnm ) .	An antiferromagnetic spin-chain function with -J/kB = 350 K well reproduces the experimental curve of the magnetic susceptibility vs. temperature , suggesting long-range antiferromagnetic correlations .	The anisotropic magnetism is probably owing to the dyz - 2p- dzx and dzx - 2p- dyz superexchange bonds along a-axis .	As far as we know , this is the first observation of an integer ( S = 1 ) spin-chain antiferromagnetism in the 4d electron system .
+1	The simulation is performed on 20^3 * 24 lattice at \beta=5.7 using Wilson gauge action and Wilson fermion at the quenched level .	We study the meson-meson and meson-baryon interactions in lattice QCD .	By adopting one static quark for each hadron as `` heavy-light meson '' and `` heavy-light-light baryon '' , we define the distance $ r $ of two hadrons and extract the inter-hadron potential from the energy difference of the two-particle state and its asymptotic state .	We find that both of the meson-meson and meson-baryon potentials are nontrivially weak for the whole range of 0.2 fm & lt ; = r & lt ; = 0.8 fm .	The effect of including/excluding the quark-exchange diagrams is found to be marginal .
+0	Orbifolds of two-dimensional quantum field theories have a natural formulation in terms of defects or domain walls .	This perspective allows for a rich generalisation of the orbifolding procedure , which we study in detail for the case of topological field theories .	Namely , a TFT with defects gives rise to a pivotal bicategory of `` worldsheet phases '' and defects between them .	We develop a general framework which takes such a bicategory B as input and returns its `` orbifold completion '' B_orb .	The completion satisfies the natural properties B \subset B_orb and ( B_orb ) _orb = B_orb , and it gives rise to various new equivalences and nondegeneracy results .
+2	The bounds for the solutions are established .	We study the expanded mixed finite element method applied to degenerate parabolic equations with the Dirichlet boundary condition .	The equation is considered a prototype of the nonlinear Forchheimer equation , a inverted to the nonlinear Darcy equation with permeability coefficient depending on pressure gradient , for slightly compressible fluid flow in porous media .	In both continuous and discrete time procedures , utilizing the monotonicity properties of Forchheimer equation and boundedness of solutions we prove the optimal error estimates in $ L^2 $ -norm for solution .	The error bounds are established for the solution and divergence of the vector variable in Lebesgue norms and Sobolev norms under some additional regularity assumptions .
+1	It has the correct analytical properties for the amplitudes once they are extended to the complex- $ s $ plane and the partial waves have the right threshold behavior .	We present a unitary multichannel model for $ \bar { K } N $ scattering in the resonance region that fulfills unitarity .	To determine the parameters of the model , we have fitted single-energy partial waves up to $ J=7/2 $ and up to 2.15 GeV of energy in the center-of-mass reference frame obtaining the poles of the $ \Lambda^* $ and $ \Sigma^* $ resonances , which are compared to previous analyses .	We provide the most comprehensive picture of the $ S=-1 $ hyperon spectrum to date .	Important differences are found between the available analyses making the gathering of further experimental information on $ \bar { K } N $ scattering mandatory to make progress in the assessment of the hyperon spectrum .
+1	We present a modified explicit Euler-Maruyama discretisation scheme that allows us to prove strong convergence , with a rate .	We consider the approximation of stochastic differential equations ( SDEs ) with non-Lipschitz drift or diffusion coefficients .	Under some regularity and integrability conditions , we obtain the optimal strong error rate .	We apply this scheme to SDEs widely used in the mathematical finance literature , including the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross~ ( CIR ) , the 3/2 and the Ait-Sahalia models , as well as a family of mean-reverting processes with locally smooth coefficients .	We numerically illustrate the strong convergence of the scheme and demonstrate its efficiency in a multilevel Monte Carlo setting .
+0	Studying the properties of young planetary systems can shed light on how the dynamics and structure of planets evolve during their most formative years .	Recent K2 observations of nearby young clusters ( 10-800 Myr ) have enabled the discovery of such planetary systems .	Here we report the discovery of a Neptune-sized planet transiting an M4.5 dwarf ( K2-25 ) in the Hyades cluster ( 650-800 Myr ) .	The lightcurve shows a strong periodic signal at 1.88 days , which we attribute to spot coverage and rotation .	We confirm the planet host is a member of the Hyades by measuring the radial velocity of the system with the high-resolution near-infrared spectrograph IGRINS .
+3	In the latter case , the ratio $ Br ( \tau\to \mu \bar { \nu_\mu } \nu_\tau ) / Br ( \tau\to e \bar { \nu_e } \nu_\tau ) $ and $ Br ( \tau\to \mu \mu \mu ) $ can constrain the model better than LEP/SLC data in some region of the parameter space .	We investigate , in detail , a model in which the third family fermions are subjected to an SU ( 2 ) dynamics different from the first two families .	Constrained by the precision Z-pole data , the heavy gauge boson mass is bounded from below to be about 1.7 TeV at the $ 2\sigma $ level .	The flavor-changing neutral current ( FCNC ) in the lepton sector can be significant in $ \tau\leftrightarrow e $ and $ \tau \leftrightarrow \mu $ transitions .	Furthermore , FCNCs are unavoidable in the quark sector .
+3	We confirm that the number of physical degrees of freedom in MTMG is two at fully nonlinear level .	We investigate the minimal theory of massive gravity ( MTMG ) recently introduced .	After reviewing the original construction based on its Hamiltonian in the vielbein formalism , we reformulate it in terms of its Lagrangian in both the vielbein and the metric formalisms .	It then becomes obvious that , unlike previous attempts in the literature , not only the potential but also the kinetic structure of the action is modified from the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley ( dRGT ) massive gravity theory .	This proves the absence of various possible pathologies such as superluminality , acausality and strong coupling .
+0	Using a new numerical model for cosmic chemical evolution , we study the influence of hypernova feedback on the star formation and metal enrichment history of the universe .	For assumptions which produce plausible results in idealized collapse models of individual galaxies , our cosmological simulations of the standard Lambda-CDM cosmology show a peak of the cosmic star formation rate at z~4 , with ~10 % of the baryons turning into stars .	We find that the majority of stars in present-day massive galaxies formed in much smaller galaxies at high redshifts , giving them a mean stellar age as old as 10 Gyr , despite their late assembly times .	The hypernova feedback drives galactic outflows efficiently in low mass galaxies , and these winds eject heavy elements into the intergalactic medium .	The ejected baryon fraction is larger for less massive galaxies , correlates well with stellar metallicity , and amounts to ~20 % of all baryons in total .
+1	In the effective field theory describing nucleon dynamics at momenta below the pion mass , the EMC effect results from four-nucleon interactions with the twist-2 operators , appropriate for describing forward , and near-forward , matrix elements in the two-nucleon system .	The break-up of the deuteron during deeply-virtual Compton scattering , gamma* d -- & gt ; gamma ( * ) n p , is explored .	We point out that the break-up of the deuteron to low-energy final states during deeply-virtual Compton scattering is a process with which to explore strong-interaction physics closely related to that responsible for the EMC effect .	The single-nucleon contribution to the break-up depends on the moments of the spin-dependent structure functions and contributions from local four-nucleon operators .	Experimental deviations from the single-nucleon prediction would provide a probe of strong interactions complimentary to the EMC effect .
+3	This is 18 -- 45 % of the mass previously derived from a lensing analysis by Campusano et al .	We observed the nearest gravitational lensing cluster candidate , A 3408 ( $ { \it z } =0.042 $ ) , with ASCA .	The projected mass profile of A 3408 was determined from the ICM temperature and the $ \beta $ -model parameters obtained with ASCA , assuming that the hot gas is spherically symmetric and in hydrostatic equilibrium .	The projected mass within an arc radius , $ r_ { \rm arc } $ , of 110 kpc is $ M ( r_ { \rm arc } ) =1.2^ { +0.8 } _ { -0.4 } \times10^ { 13 } \MO $ .	( 1998 , AAA 069.160.189 ) without any X-ray information .
+1	This allows the genus statistic to be measured with unprecedented statistical accuracy .	We measure the three-dimensional topology of large-scale structure in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) .	The sample size is now sufficiently large to allow the topology to be an important tool for testing galaxy formation models .	For comparison , we make mock SDSS samples using several state-of-the-art N-body simulations : the Millennium run of Springel et al .	( 2005 ) ( 10 billion particles ) , Kim & amp ; Park ( 2006 ) CDM models ( 1.1 billion particles ) , and Cen & amp ; Ostriker ( 2006 ) hydrodynamic code models ( 8.6 billion cell hydro mesh ) .
+3	When external languages , such as HTML , SQL or JavaScript enter the picture , operators no longer satisfy for embedding snippets of these languages into a Prolog source file .	Prolog 's support for dynamic programming , meta programming and text processing using context free grammars make the language highly suitable for defining domain specific languages ( DSL ) as well as analysing , refactoring or generating expression states in other ( programming ) languages .	Well known DSLs are the DCG ( Definite Clause Grammar ) notation and constraint languages such as CHR .	These extensions use Prolog operator declarations and the { ... } notation to realise a good syntax .	In addition , Prolog has poor support for quoting long text fragments .
+4	It is shown that micrometer dust particles can survive rather easily near the plates of a divertor plasma with $ q_0\simeq 1 $ MW/m $ ^2 $ because thermal radiation provides adequate cooling for the dust particle .	The survivability of dust being transported in the magnetized sheath near the divertor plate of a tokamak and its impact on the desired balance of erosion and redeposition for a steady-state reactor are investigated .	Two different divertor scenarios are considered .	The first is characterized by an energy flux perpendicular to the plate $ q_0\simeq 1 $ MW/m $ ^2 $ typical of current short-pulse tokamaks .	The second has $ q_0\simeq 10 $ MW/m $ ^2 $ and is relevant to long-pulse machines like ITER or DEMO .
+3	We use the new dust temperatures to estimate the masses of the prestellar cores in the rho Oph main cloud from mm observations , and we find core masses that are larger than previous estimates by a factor of ~2-3 .	We estimate the dust temperatures of the clumps in the rho Oph main cloud taking into account the 3D geometry of the region , and external heating from the interstellar radiation field and from HD147879 , a nearby luminous B2V star , which is believed to dominate the radiation field in the region .	We find that the regions where prestellar cores are observed ( i.e.at optical visual extinctions & gt ; 7 mag ) are colder than ~10-11K .	These dust temperatures are smaller than those which previous studies of the same region have assumed .	This affects the core mass function ( CMF ) of the region ; we find that the mass at which the core mass spectrum steepens from a slope alpha~1.5 to a slope alpha~2.5 has moved from ~0.5 Msun to ~1Msun .
+1	It is assumed that the sequences $ \underline\lambda_j $ , $ \overline\lambda_j $ are bounded and satisfy some stabilization condition .	We prove the central limit theorem ( CLT ) for a sequence of independent zero-mean random variables $ \xi_j $ , perturbed by predictable multiplicative factors $ \lambda_j $ with values in intervals $ [ \underline\lambda_j , \overline\lambda_j ] $ .	Under the classical Lindeberg condition we show that the CLT limit , corresponding to a `` worst '' sequence $ \lambda_j $ , is described by the solution $ v $ of one-dimensional $ G $ -heat equation .	The main part of the proof follows Peng 's approach to the CLT under sublinear expectations , and utilizes H\ '' { o } lder regularity properties of $ v $ .	Under the lack of such properties , we use the technique of half-relaxed limits from the theory of viscosity solutions .
+2	We propose a complete computational framework for topic segmentation and labeling in asynchronous conversations .	Topic segmentation and labeling is often considered a prerequisite for higher-level conversation analysis and has been shown to be useful in many Natural Language Processing ( NLP ) applications .	We present two new corpora of email and blog conversations annotated with topics , and evaluate annotator reliability for the segmentation and labeling tasks in these asynchronous conversations .	Our approach extends state-of-the-art methods by considering a fine-grained structure of an asynchronous conversation , along with other conversational features by applying recent graph-based methods for NLP .	For topic segmentation , we propose two novel unsupervised models that exploit the fine-grained conversational structure , and a novel graph-theoretic supervised model that combines lexical , conversational and topic features .
+2	We show that the uncertainty can be greatly reduced if events are selected in which the transverse momenta of the two B-mesons balance each other to some accuracy , that is |\vec p_ { 1T } +\vec p_ { 2T } | & lt ; k_0 .	We study open b\bar { b } production at large rapidity at the LHC in an attempt to pin down the gluon distribution at very low x .	For the LHC energy of 7 TeV , at next-to-leading order ( NLO ) , there is a large factorization scale uncertainty .	This will fix the scale \mu_F \simeq k_0 , and will allow the LHCb experiment , in particular , to study the x-behaviour of gluon distribution down to x ~ 10^ { -5 } , at rather low scales , \mu ~ 2 GeV .	We evaluate the expected cross sections using , for illustrative purposes , various recent sets of Parton Distribution Functions .
+3	It is obtained that inhomogeneous system is described by numbers of particles at quantized positions with quantized momenta .	Difference Kinetic Equations are derived quantum mechanically in a plane wavelets representation with account of two-particle correlations .	It is shown that the set of plane wavelet orthonormal functions is complete .	The set of ket vectors is used as the second quantization basis allowing introducing the positively definite distribution function .	Difference Kinetic Equation for distribution function transforms into the classical Boltzmann Equation in the limit , where expectation value of particles number varies little .
+1	The baryon mass data used for the analyses are obtained for the degenerate up-down quark mass of 3 MeV to 24 MeV and two choices of the strange quark mass around the physical value .	We investigate the quark mass dependence of baryon masses in 2+1 flavor lattice QCD using SU ( 3 ) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory up to one-loop order .	We find that the SU ( 3 ) chiral expansion fails to describe both the octet and the decuplet baryon data if phenomenological values are employed for the meson-baryon couplings .	The SU ( 2 ) case is also examined for the nucleon .	We observe that higher order terms are controlled only around the physical point .
+2	It is one of the rare examples of ULX , which exhibits clear counterparts in radio , optical , UV bands .	We report the discovery of a ultraluminous X-ray source ( ULX ; CXO J133815.6+043255 ) in NGC 5252 .	This ULX is an off-nuclear point-source , which is 22 $ ^ { \prime\prime } $ away from the center of NGC 5252 , and has an X-ray luminosity of 1.5 $ \times $ $ 10^ { 40 } $ erg s $ ^ { -1 } $ .	Follow-up optical spectrum of the ULX shows strong emission lines .	The redshift of [ O III ] emission line coincides with the systematic velocity of NGC 5252 , suggesting the ULX is gravitationally bound to NGC 5252 .
+0	Theoretical calculations are performed to understand the electronic structure and magnetic properties of CuFe $ _2 $ Ge $ _2 $ .	The band structure reveal large electron density $ N ( E_F ) $ at the Fermi level suggesting strong itinerant character of magnetism .	The Fermi surface is dominated by two dimensional sheet like structures , with potentially strong nesting between them .	The magnetic ground state appears to be ferromagnetic along $ a $ and antiferromagnetic in other directions .	The results show that CuFe $ _2 $ Ge $ _2 $ is an antiferromagnetic metal , with similarities to the Fe-based superconductors ; such as magnetism with substantial itinerant character and coupling between magnetic order and electrons at the Fermi energy .
+1	In particular we examine the cases of Little String Theory and Noncommutative Yang-Mills theory , using their AdS/CFT descriptions .	We study the short-distance structure of geometric entanglement entropy in certain theories with a built-in scale of nonlocality .	We compute the entanglement entropy via the holographic ansatz of Ryu and Takayanagi to conclude that the area law is violated at distance scales that sample the nonlocality of these models , being replaced by an extensive volume law .	In the case of the noncommutative model , the critical length scale that reveals the area/volume law transition is strongly affected by UV/IR mixing effects .	We also present an argument showing that Lorentz symmetry tends to protect the area law for theories with field-theoretical density of states .
+4	These two lines of evidence jointly suggest that some amount of mass segregation in clusters has happened already at the dense core stage .	The JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey obtained SCUBA-2 observations of dense cores within three sub-regions of Orion B : LDN 1622 , NGC 2023/2024 , and NGC 2068/2071 , all of which contain clusters of cores .	We present an analysis of the clustering properties of these cores , including the two-point correlation function and Cartwright 's Q parameter .	We identify individual clusters of dense cores across all three regions using a minimal spanning tree technique , and find that in each cluster , the most massive cores tend to be centrally located .	We also apply the independent M-Sigma technique and find a strong correlation between core mass and the local surface density of cores .
+1	The observed emission measures and kinematics are most plausibly explained by photoionization due to hot , young stars in the Galactic disk .	The Magellanic Stream and several high velocity clouds have now been detected in optical line emission .	The highly favorable orientation of the Stream allows an unambiguous determination of the fraction of ionizing photons , F_esc , which escape the disk .	We have modelled the production and transport of ionizing photons through an opaque interstellar medium .	Normalization to the Stream detections requires F_esc = 6 % , in reasonable agreement with the flux required to ionize the Reynolds layer .
+4	We find limits from 1 to 3 TeV from different observables , with a model independent bound of 2.5 TeV .	The presence of an extra dimension of size R \approx TeV^ { -1 } introduces a tower of Kaluza-Klein gauge boson excitations that affects the standard model ( SM ) relations between electroweak observables .	The mixing of the W and Z bosons with their excitations changes their masses and couplings to fermions .	This effect depends on the Higgs field , which may live in the bulk of the extra dimension , on its boundary , or may be a combination of both types of fields .	We use high-precision electroweak data to constrain 1/R .
+2	We have shown that the calculation results of the absorption spectra for these dyes using the PBE0 for the exchange-correlation functional are in a better agreement with the experiment than using B3LYP or range-separated CAM-B3LYP .	Recently , some new series of heteroleptic ruthenium-based dyes , the so-called RD dyes , were designed and synthesized showing better performances compared to the well-known homoleptic N719 .	In this work , using the density-functional theory and its time-dependent extension , we have investigated the electronic structure and absorption spectra of these newly synthesized dyes , and compared the results to those of N3 dye to describe the variations of the properties due to the molecular engineering of ancillary ligand .	We have also derived a formula based on the DFT and used it to visually describe the level shifts in a solvent .	The higher $ J_ { sc } $ observed in these new dyes is explained by the fact that here , in contrast to N3 , the excitation charge was effectively transferred to the anchoring ligand .
+1	Whereas much is known about eigenvalues of graphs and how they reflect properties of the underlying graph , relatively little is known about the corresponding eigenvectors .	We initiate a systematic study of eigenvectors of random graphs .	Our main focus in this paper is on the nodal domains associated with the different eigenfunctions .	In the analogous realm of Laplacians of Riemannian manifolds , nodal domains have been the subject of intensive research for well over a hundred years .	Graphical nodal domains turn out to have interesting and unexpected properties .
+1	Such NLTE effects may be intensified or weakened by horizontal radiative transfer ( RT ) in a three-dimensionally ( 3-D ) structured atmosphere .	Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium ( NLTE ) effects in diagnostically important solar Fe I lines are important due to the strong sensitivity of Fe I to ionizing UV radiation , which may lead to a considerable under-population of the Fe I levels in the solar atmosphere and , therefore , to a sizeable weakening of Fe I lines .	We analyze the influence of horizontal RT on commonly used Fe I lines in a snapshot of a 3-D radiation magneto-hydrodynamic ( MHD ) simulation of a plage region .	NLTE- and horizontal RT effects occur with considerable strength ( up to 50 % in line depth or equivalent width ) in the analyzed snapshot .	As they may have either sign and both signs occur with approximately the same frequency and strength , the net effects are small when considering spatially averaged quantities .
+0	We performed angle dependent magnetoresistance study of a metallic single crystal sample of Bi2Te3 .	We find that the magnetoresistance is highly asymmetric in positive and negative magnetic fields for small angles between the magnetic field and the direction perpendicular to the plane of the sample .	The magnetoresistance becomes symmetric as the angle approaches 90 degree .	The quantum Shubnikov de-Haas oscillations are symmetric and show signatures of topological surface states with Dirac dispersion in the form of non-zero Berry phase .	However , the angular dependence of these oscillations suggests a complex three dimensional Fermi surface as the source of these oscillations , which does not exactly conform with the six ellipsoidal model of the Fermi surface of Bi2Te3 .
+2	SN 2010X peaks at M_r=-17mag and has mean velocities of 10,000 km/s .	We present the discovery , photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations of SN 2010X ( PTF 10bhp ) .	This supernova decays exponentially with tau_d=5 days , and rivals the current recordholder in speed , SN 2002bj .	Our light curve modeling suggests a radioactivity powered event and an ejecta mass of 0.16 Msun .	If powered by Nickel , we show that the Nickel mass must be very small ( 0.02 Msun ) and that the supernova quickly becomes optically thin to gamma-rays .
+4	In particular , we give the eleven dimensional geometric interpretation of the vacua in the worldvolume theory as the membranes tilted to the eleventh direction with the giant gravitons around .	We present a three dimensional novel massive N=2 super Yang-Mills action as a low energy effective worldvolume description of the D2-branes on a pp-wave .	The action contains the Myers term , mass terms for three Higgs , and terms mixing the electric fields with other two Higgs .	We derive the action in three different ways , from the M-theory matrix model , from the supermembrane action , and from the Dirac-Born-Infeld action .	We verify the consistent mutual agreement and comment how each approach is complementary to another .
+2	The residual frequency-difference jitter is $ \pm $ 150 kHz for a 3 MHz cold cavity half-width at half maximum .	We report the realization of a light source specifically designed for the generation of bright continuous-variable entangled beams and for Heisenberg-limited inteferometry .	The source is a nondegenerate , single-mode , continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator in Na : KTP , operated at frequency degeneracy and just above threshold , which is also of interest for the study of critical fluctuations at the transition point .	We observe 4 dB of photon-number-difference squeezing at 200 kHz .	The Na : KTP crystal is noncritically phase-matched for a 532 nm pump and polarization crosstalk is therefore practically nonexistent .
+3	Furthermore , the schemes developed by the proposed algorithm has the ability to reproduce or regenerate the conic sections , trigonometric polynomials and trigonometric splines as well .	The paper proposes , an algorithm to produce novel m-point ( for any integer m & gt ; =2 ) binary non-stationary subdivision scheme .	It has been developed using uniform trigonometric B-spline basis functions and smoothness is being analyzed using the theory of asymptotically equivalence .	The results show that the most of well-known binary approximating schemes can be considered as the non-stationary counterpart of the proposed algorithm .	Some examples are considered , by choosing an appropriate tension parameter 0 & lt ; alpha & lt ; pi/3 , to show the usefulness .
+4	The low-lying 0+ strength near the neutron at large N barely involves protons at all , with the strength coming primarily from a single two-quasineutron configuration with very large spatial extent .	We use the quasiparticle random phase approximation with a few Skyrme density functionals to calculate strength functions in the Jpi = 0+ , 1- , and 2+ channels for even Ca , Ni , and Sn isotopes , from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line .	We show where and how low-lying strength begins to appear as N increases .	We also exhibit partial energy-weighted sums of the transition strength as functions of N for all nuclei calculated , and transition densities for many of the interesting peaks .	We find that low-energy strength increases with N in all multipoles , but with distinctive features in each .
+1	These observations allow us to investigate mid-IR emission mechanisms in the core of M87 and to establish that the flaring , variable jet component HST-1 is not a major contributor to the mid-IR flux .	We discuss Subaru and Spitzer Space Telescope imaging and spectroscopy of M87 in the mid-infrared from 5-35 um .	The Spitzer data include a high signal-to-noise 15-35 $ \mu $ m spectrum of the knot A/B complex in the jet , which is consistent with synchrotron emission .	However , a synchrotron model can not account for the observed { \it nuclear } spectrum , even when contributions from the jet , necessary due to the degrading of resolution with wavelength , are included .	The Spitzer data show a clear excess in the spectrum of the nucleus at wavelengths longer than 25 um , which we model as thermal emission from cool dust at a characteristic temperature of 55 \pm 10 K , with an IR luminosity \sim 10^ { 39 } { \rm ~erg ~s^ { -1 } } .
+3	The results obtained are compared with data from the literature .	Within the scope of a Key Programme determining fundamental parameters of stars observed by HIPPARCOS , spectra of 525 B8 to F2-type stars brighter than V=8 have been collected at ESO .	Fourier transforms of several line profiles in the range 4200-4500 A are used to derive vsini from the frequency of the first zero .	Statistical analysis of the sample indicates that measurement error is a function of vsini and this relative error of the rotational velocity is found to be about 6 % on average .	There is a systematic shift from standard values from Slettebak et al .
+1	Using lattice models from standard Statistical Mechanics and results from a mean field replica approach and Monte Carlo simulations we find a jamming transition in granular media closely related to the glass transition in super-cooled liquids .	We briefly review the basics ideas and results of a recently proposed statistical mechanical approach to granular materials .	These models reproduce the logarithmic relaxation in granular compaction and reversible-irreversible lines , in agreement with experimental data .	The models also exhibit aging effects and breakdown of the usual fluctuation dissipation relation .	It is shown that the glass transition may be responsible for the logarithmic relaxation and may be related to the cooperative effects underlying many phenomena of granular materials such as the Reynolds transition .
+1	In the first two protocols , all Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs are used to distribute a secret key except those chosen for eavesdropping check , because the communication parties measure each of their particles in an invariable measuring basis .	We present three quantum key distribution protocols using entangled state .	The first protocol is based on the ideal of qubit transmission in blocks .	Although it need quantum memory , its theoretic efficiency approximates to 100 % .	The second protocol does not need quantum memory and its efficiency for qubits can achieve 100 % .
+2	Previous studies focused on transport governed either by tunneling or hopping , both at low conductance .	Understanding the properties of electronic transport across metal-molecule interfaces is of central importance for controlling a large variety of molecular-based devices such as organic light emitting diodes , nanoscale organic spin-valves and single-molecule switches .	One of the primary experimental methods to reveal the mechanisms behind electronic transport through metal-molecule interfaces is the study of conductance as a function of molecule length in molecular junctions .	However , the upper limit of conductance across molecular junctions has not been explored , despite the great potential for efficient information transfer , charge injection and recombination processes .	Here , we study the conductance properties of highly transmitting metal-molecule-metal interfaces , using a series of single-molecule junctions based on oligoacenes with increasing length .
+1	Bernstein has employed the Fermi-Watson theorem to demonstrate that pion photoproduction is a process where isospin violation in the pi N system can be revealed , an approach we review here .	Unambiguous isospin violation in the strong interaction sector is a key issue in low energy hadronic physics , both experimentally and theoretically .	Here we propose a general operator approach to the phenomenon in pion photoproduction , thereby providing an analogue for the framework that was proposed for pi N scattering by Kaufmann and Gibbs .	The resulting set of amplitudes could form the basis for determining the multipole amplitudes for photoproduction .	Thus , the so resulting phase shift determination from photoproduction can then be used via the Fermi-Watson theorem to resolve discrepancies in pi N phase shift analyses .
+4	In the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic gapped regime , we analyze the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity numerically .	We analyze the thermal conductivity of anisotropic and frustrated spin-1/2 chains using analytical and numerical techniques .	This includes mean-field theory based on the Jordan-Wigner transformation , bosonization , and exact diagonalization of systems with N & lt ; =18 sites .	We present results for the temperature dependence of the zero-frequency weight of the conductivity for several values of the anisotropy \Delta .	In the gapless regime , we show that the mean-field theory compares well to known results and that the low-temperature limit is correctly described by bosonization .
+3	As the FET is biased in the saturation regime , the average carrier injection velocity at the source end of the device is found to remain almost constant with regard to the applied gate voltage over a wide voltage range , which results in significantly improved transistor linearity compared to what a simpler model would predict .	Inelastic phonon scattering in graphene field-effect transistors ( FETs ) is studied by numerically solving the Boltzmann transport equation in three dimensional real and phase spaces ( x , kx , ky ) .	A kink behavior due to ambipolar transport agreeing with experiments is observed .	While low field behavior has previously been mostly attributed to elastic impurity scattering in earlier studies , it is found in the study that even low field mobility is affected by inelastic phonon scattering in recent graphene FET experiments reporting high mobilities .	Physical mechanisms for good linearity are explained , showing the potential of graphene FETs for analogue electronics applications .
+3	We also obtain the independence and non { independence constraints on the distributions over the observable variables implied by a Bayesian network with hidden variables , via a generating set of an ideal of polynomials associated to the network .	We develop the necessary theory in computational algebraic geometry to place Bayesian networks into the realm of algebraic statistics .	We present an algebra { statistics dictionary focused on statistical modeling .	In particular , we link the notion of effiective dimension of a Bayesian network with the notion of algebraic dimension of a variety .	These results extend previous work on the subject .
+4	In the case of genuine scalar perturbations , we find a growing mode with a behavior characteristic of supercritical collapse , the spacelike singularity and apparent horizon appearing simultaneously and evolving towards the AdS boundary .	We construct a one-parameter family of exact time-dependent solutions to 2+1 gravity with a negative cosmological constant and a massless minimally coupled scalar field as source .	These solutions present a continuously self-similar ( CSS ) behaviour near the central singularity , as observed in critical collapse , and an asymptotically AdS behaviour at spatial infinity .	We consider the linear perturbation analysis in this background , and discuss the crucial question of boundary conditions .	These are tested in the special case where the scalar field decouples and the linear perturbations describe exactly the small-mass static BTZ black hole .
+2	Here we construct two types of a universal quantum deletion machine which approximately deletes a copy such that the fidelity of deletion does not depend on the input state .	Suppose we are given two identical copies of an unknown quantum state and we wish to delete one copy from among the given two copies .	The quantum no-deletion principle restricts us from perfectly deleting a copy but it does not prohibit us from deleting a copy approximately .	The two types of universal quantum deletion machines are ( 1 ) a conventional deletion machine described by one unitary operator and ( 2 ) a modified deletion machine described by two unitary operators .	Here it is shown that modified deletion machine deletes a qubit with fidelity 0.75 , which is the maximum limit for deleting an unknown quantum state .
+3	The three and higher order particle correlations do not play a role in the latter calculation especially if the correlations induced by the scattering operator are of sufficient short range .	Energy spectra and electromagnetic transitions of nuclei are strongly depending from the correlations of the bound nucleons .	Two particle correlations are responsible for the scattering of model particles either to low momentum- or to high momentum-states .	The low momentum states form the model space while the high momentum states are used to calculate the G-matrix .	They modify however , via the long tail of the nuclear potential , the Slater determinant of the A particles by generating excited Slater 's determinants .
+0	In this paper , we investigate the problem of assignment of $ K $ identical servers to a set of $ N $ parallel queues in a time slotted queueing system .	The connectivity of each queue to each server is randomly changing with time ; each server can serve at most one queue and each queue can be served by at most one server per time slot .	Such queueing systems were widely applied in modeling the scheduling ( or resource allocation ) problem in wireless networks .	It has been previously proven that Maximum Weighted Matching ( MWM ) is a throughput optimal server assignment policy for such queueing systems .	In this paper , we prove that for a symmetric system with i.i.d .
+1	We try to discern all families previously discussed in literature , but we conclude there is only one significant family among Trojans , namely the cluster around asteroid ( 3548 ) Eurybates .	We study orbital and physical properties of Trojan asteroids of Jupiter .	It is the only cluster , which has all of the following characteristics : ( i ) it is clearly concentrated in the proper-element space ; ( ii ) size-frequency distribution is different from background asteroids ; ( iii ) we have a reasonable collisional/dynamical model of the family .	Henceforth , we can consider it as a real collisional family .	We also report a discovery of a possible family around the asteroid ( 4709 ) Ennomos , composed mostly of small asteroids .
+1	These swimmers are either `` pushers '' or `` pullers '' of fluid along the swimming axis , or combination of the two , depending on the history of the swimming motion .	We propose minimal models of one- , two- and three-dimensional micro-swimmers at low Reynolds number with a periodic non-reciprocal motion .	We show this with a linear three-bead swimmer by analytically evaluating the migration speed and the strength of the dipolar flow induced by its swimming motion .	It is found that the distance traveled per cycle and the dipolar flow can be obtained from an integral over the area enclosed by the trajectory of the cycle projected onto a cross-plot of the two distances between beads .	Two- and three-dimensional model swimmers can tumble by breaking symmetry of the swimming motion with respect to the swimming axis , as occurs in the tumbling motion of Escherichia coli or Chlamydomonas , which desynchronize the motions of their flagella to reorient the swimming direction .
+3	The average mass sheet within a circular aperture ( the strong lens model region ) is constrained by integrating the tangential weak gravitational shear over the surrounding area .	Attempts to constrain the Hubble constant using the strong gravitational lens system Q0957+561 are limited by systematic uncertainties in the mass model , since the time delay is known very precisely .	One important systematic effect is the mass sheet degeneracy , which arises because strong lens modeling can not constrain the presence or absence of a uniform mass sheet $ \kappa $ , which rescales $ H_0 $ by the factor $ ( 1-\kappa ) $ .	In this paper we present new constraints on the mass sheet derived from a weak-lensing analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope imaging of a 6 arcmin square region surrounding the lensed quasar .	We find the average convergence within a $ 30 '' $ radius around the lens galaxy to be $ \kappa ( & lt ; 30 '' ) = 0.166\pm0.056 $ ( $ 1\sigma $ confidence level ) , normalized to the quasar redshift .
+1	However , the validity of the postulate that the clustering is fully determined by matter inside haloes remains largely untested , and it is not clear a priori whether non-virialised matter might contribute significantly to the non-linear clustering signal .	Halo-based models have been successful in predicting the clustering of matter .	Here , we investigate the contribution of haloes to the matter power spectrum as a function of both scale and halo mass by combining a set of cosmological N-body simulations to calculate the contributions of different spherical overdensity regions , Friends-of-Friends ( FoF ) groups and matter outside haloes to the power spectrum .	We find that matter inside spherical overdensity regions of size R200 , mean can not account for all power for 1 & lt ; k & lt ; 100 h/Mpc , regardless of the minimum halo mass .	At most , it accounts for 95 % of the power ( k & gt ; 20 h/Mpc ) .
+2	This survey is expected to provide spectral energy distributions with a resolution $ R\simeq40 $ for $ \sim10^6 $ galaxies to $ R\le23 $ ( $ z\sim 1 $ ) , $ \sim 10^4 $ QSOs , and $ \sim 10^5 $ stars .	We show that the first 10 eigencomponents of the Karhunen-Lo\`eve expansion or Principal Component Analysis ( PCA ) provide a robust classification scheme for the identification of stars , galaxies and quasi-stellar objects from multi-band photometry .	To quantify the efficiency of the method , realistic simulations are performed which match the planned Large Zenith Telescope survey .	We calculate that for a median signal-to-noise ratio of 6 , 98 % of stars , 100 % of galaxies and 93 % of QSOs are correctly classified .	These values increase to 100 % of stars , 100 % of galaxies and 100 % of QSOs at a median signal-to-noise ratio of 10 .
+3	These approaches were shown to be effective for Bayesian models including logistic regression models , Gaussian mixture models and hierarchical models .	Recent advances in big data and analytics research have provided a wealth of large data sets that are too big to be analyzed in their entirety , due to restrictions on computer memory or storage size .	New Bayesian methods have been developed for large data sets that are only large due to large sample sizes ; these methods partition big data sets into subsets , and perform independent Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses on the subsets .	The methods then combine the independent subset posterior samples to estimate a posterior density given the full data set .	Here , we introduce the R package parallelMCMCcombine which carries out four of these techniques for combining independent subset posterior samples .
+4	The median SFR , for example , increases from ~0.6 M_sun/yr at z~0.6 up to ~15 M_sun/yr at z~2 .	[ Abridged ] We present data and initial results from VLT/X-Shooter emission-line spectroscopy of 96 GRB-selected galaxies at 0.1 & lt ; z & lt ; 3.6 , the largest sample of GRB host spectroscopy available to date .	Most of our GRBs were detected by Swift and 76 % are at 0.5 & lt ; z & lt ; 2.5 with a median z~1.6 .	Based on Balmer and/or forbidden lines of oxygen , nitrogen , and neon , we measure systemic redshifts , star formation rates ( SFRs ) , visual attenuations , oxygen abundances ( 12+log ( O/H ) ) , and emission-line widths .	We find a strong change of the typical physical properties of GRB hosts with redshift .
+2	With this interaction , we firstly show how to generate a decoherence-free displaced squeezed state for the cavity field .	We present a way to engineer an effective anti-Jaynes-Cumming and a Jaynes-Cumming interaction between an atomic system and a single cavity mode and show how to employ it in reservoir engineering processes .	To construct the effective Hamiltonian , we analyse considered the interaction of an atomic system in a \ { Lambda } configuration , driven by classical fields , with a single cavity mode .	In our scheme , an atomic beam works as a reservoir for the radiation field trapped inside the cavity , as employed recently by S. Pielawa et al . [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	98 , 240401 ( 2007 ) ] to generate an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled radiation state in high-Q resonators .
+0	In this paper , we study the space of metrics of positive scalar curvature using methods from coarse geometry .	Given a closed spin manifold M with fundamental group G , Stephan Stolz introduced the positive scalar curvature exact sequence , in analogy to the surgery exact sequence in topology .	It calculates a structure group of metrics of positive scalar curvature on M ( the object we want to understand ) in terms of spin-bordism of BG and a somewhat mysterious group R ( G ) .	Higson and Roe introduced a K-theory exact sequence in coarse geometry which contains the Baum-Connes assembly map , with one crucial term K ( D*G ) canonically associated to G. The K-theory groups in question are the home of interesting index invariants and secondary invariants , in particular the rho-class in K_* ( D*G ) of a metric of positive scalar curvature on a spin manifold .	One of our main results is the construction of a map from the Stolz exact sequence to the Higson-Roe exact sequence ( commuting with all arrows ) , using coarse index theory throughout .
+2	Events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 ( 20.5 ) inverse femtobarns in the electron ( muon ) channel were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in proton-proton collisions at sqrt ( s ) = 8 TeV .	A search is performed for long-lived particles that decay into final states that include a pair of electrons or a pair of muons .	The experimental signature is a distinctive topology consisting of a pair of charged leptons originating from a displaced secondary vertex .	No significant excess is observed above standard model expectations .	Upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction of such a signal are presented as a function of the long-lived particle 's mean proper decay length .
+0	We present results from the first cosmological simulations which study the onset of primordial , metal-free ( population III ) , cosmic star formation and the transition to the present-day , metal-rich star formation ( population II-I ) , including molecular ( H $ _2 $ , HD , etc . )	evolution , tracing the injection of metals by supernov { \ae } into the surrounding intergalactic medium and following the change in the initial stellar mass function ( IMF ) according to the metallicity of the corresponding stellar population .	Our investigation addresses the role of a wide variety of parameters ( critical metallicity for the transition , IMF slope and range , SN/pair-instability SN metal yields , star formation threshold , resolution , etc . )	on the metal-enrichment history and the associated transition in the star formation mode .	All simulations present common trends .
+1	In this paper a simple model for the steady state evolution of debris disks due to collisions is developed and confronted with the properties of the emerging population of 7 sun-like stars that have hot dust & lt ; 10AU .	There is currently debate over whether the dust content of planetary systems is stochastically regenerated or originates in planetesimal belts evolving in steady state .	The model shows there is a maximum possible disk mass at a given age , since more massive primordial disks process their mass faster .	The corresponding maximum dust luminosity is f_max=0.00016r^ ( 7/3 ) /t_age .	The majority ( 4/7 ) of the hot disks exceed this limit by & gt ; 1000 and so can not be the products of massive asteroid belts , rather the following systems must be undergoing transient events characterized by an unusually high dust content near the star : eta Corvi , HD69830 , HD72905 and BD+20307 .
+0	We study the influence of off-diagonal harmonic noise on transitions in a Landau-Zener model .	We demonstrate that the harmonic noise can change the transition probabilities substantially and that its impact depends strongly on the characteristic frequency of the noise .	In the underdamped regime of the noise process , its effect is compared with the one of a deterministic sinusoidally oscillating function .	While altering the properties of the noise process allows one to engineer the transitions probabilities , driving the system with a deterministic sinusoidal function can result in larger and more controlled changes of the transition probability .	This may be relevant for realistic implementations of our model with Bose-Einstein condensates in noise-driven optical lattices .
+0	Supersymmetry ( SUSY ) is an attractive extension of the Standard Model ( SM ) of particle physics which solves the SM hierarchy problem .	Motivated by the theoretical $ \mu $ -term problem of the Minimal Supersymmetric Model ( MSSM ) , the Next-to MSSM ( NMSSM ) can also account for experimental deviations from the SM like the anomalous muon magnetic moment and the dark matter relic density .	Natural SUSY , motivated by naturalness considerations , exhibits small fine tuning and a characteristic phenomenology with light higgsinos , stops and gluinos .	We describe a scan in NMSSM parameter space motivated by Natural SUSY and guided by the phenomenology of an NMSSM with a slightly broken Peccei-Quinn symmetry and a lightly coupled singlet .	We identify a scenario which survives experimental constraints with a light singlet Higgs and a singlino lightest SUSY particle .
+2	We suggest that the connection between planets and disks may be deeper and involve a symbiotic evolution .	Planets form in disks around young stars .	Interactions with these disks cause them to migrate and thus affect their final orbital periods .	By contributing to the outward transport of angular momentum , planets promote disk accretion .	Here we demonstrate that planets sufficiently massive to open gaps could be the primary agents driving disk accretion .
+0	An interesting tool for investigating the quantum features of a field theory is the introduction of compensating fields .	For instance , the anomalous divergence of the chiral current can be calculated in the field-antifield formalism from an extended form of QCD with compensating fields .	The interpretation of this procedure from the bosonized point of view , in the two dimensional case , crucially depends on the possibility of defining a bosonized version for the extended theory .	We show , by using some recent results on the soldering of bosonized actions corresponding to chiral fermions , how is the mapping between bosonic and fermionic representations of this extended $ QCD_2 $ .	In the bosonic formulation the anomalous divergence of the chiral current shows up from the equations of motion of the compensating fields .
+1	However , some interesting families are still out of these definitions .	The common behaviour of many families of numerical semigroups led up to defining , firstly , the Frobenius varieties and , secondly , the ( Frobenius ) pseudo-varieties .	To overcome this situation , here we introduce the concept of restricted Frobenius variety .	We will generalize most of the results for varieties and pseudo-varieties to R-varieties .	In particular , we will study the tree structure that arise within them .
+4	The sizable dielectric anomalies observed along all phase boundaries are evidence for strong spin-lattice coupling in the hexagonal RMnO3 .	The magnetic phase diagrams of RMnO3 ( R = Er , Yb , Tm , Ho ) are investigated up to 14 Tesla via magnetic and dielectric measurements .	The stability range of the AFM order below the Neel temperature of the studied RMnO3 extends to far higher magnetic fields than previously assumed .	Magnetic irreversibility indicating the presence of a spontaneous magnetic moment is found near 50 K for R=Er , Yb , and Tm .	At very low temperatures and low magnetic fields the phase boundary defined by the ordering of the rare earth moments is resolved .
+2	We provide predictions relevant for the LHC at 13 TeV together with a thorough evaluation of the residual uncertainties coming from scale variation , parton distributions , strong coupling constant and heavy quark masses .	We present a detailed study of Higgs boson production in association with a single top quark at the LHC , at next-to-leading order accuracy in QCD .	We consider total and differential cross sections , at the parton level as well as by matching short distance events to parton showers , for both t-channel and s-channel production .	In addition , for t-channel production , we compare results as obtained in the 4-flavour and 5-flavour schemes , pinning down the most relevant differences between them .	Finally , we study the sensitivity to a non-standard-model relative phase between the Higgs couplings to the top quark and to the weak bosons .
+2	Here we report an observation of superconducting monolayer NbSe $ _2 $ with an in-plane upper critical field over six times of the Pauli paramagnetic limit by magneto-transport measurements .	Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides with strong spin-orbit interactions and valley-dependent Berry curvature effects have attracted tremendous recent interests .	Although novel single-particle and excitonic phenomena related to spin-valley coupling have been extensively studied , effects of spin-momentum locking on collective quantum phenomena remain unexplored .	The effect can be understood in terms of the competing Zeeman effect and large intrinsic spin-orbit interactions in non-centrosymmetric NbSe $ _2 $ monolayers , where the electronic spin is locked to the out-of-plane direction .	Our results provide a strong evidence of unconventional Ising pairing protected by spin-momentum locking and open up a new avenue for studies of non-centrosymmetric superconductivity with unique spin and valley degrees of freedom in the exact two-dimensional limit .
+0	To systematically analyze the dynamical implications of the matter content in cosmology , we generalize earlier dynamical systems approaches so that perfect fluids with a general barotropic equation of state can be treated .	We focus on locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type IX and Kantowski-Sachs orthogonal perfect fluid models , since such models exhibit a particularly rich dynamical structure and also illustrate typical features of more general cases .	For these models , we recast Einstein 's field equations into a regular system on a compact state space , which is the basis for our analysis .	We prove that models expand from a singularity and recollapse to a singularity when the perfect fluid satisfies the strong energy condition .	When the matter source admits Einstein 's static model , we present a comprehensive dynamical description , which includes asymptotic behavior , of models in the neighborhood of the Einstein model ; these results make earlier claims about `` homoclinic phenomena and chaos '' highly questionable .
+3	The mean square displacement shows a transition from sub-diffusive ( exponent $ \alpha \sim $ 0.43 ) to a super-diffusive ( exponent $ \alpha \sim $ 1.75 ) behavior with time and ultimately to a diffusive dynamics .	Diffusion of a tagged particle near a constraining biological surface is examined numerically by modeling the surface-water interaction by an effective potential .	The effective potential is assumed to be given by an asymmetric double well constrained by a repulsive surface towards $ r=0 $ and unbound at large distances .	The time and space dependent probability distribution $ P ( r , t ) $ of the underlying Smoluchowski equation is solved by using Crank-Nicholson method .	The decay of self intermediate scattering function ( $ F_ { s } ( k , t ) $ ) is non-exponential in general and shows a power law behavior at the intermediate time .
+2	In Part I of this series of articles [ M. Ida , Comput.Phys.Commun .	An improved numerical solver for the unified solution of compressible and incompressible fluids involving interfaces is proposed .	The present method is based on the CIP-CUP ( Cubic Interpolated Propagation / Combined , Unified Procedure ) method , which is a pressure-based semi-implicit solver for the Euler equations of fluid flows .	132 ( 2000 ) 44 ] , we proposed an improved scheme for the convection terms in the equations , which allowed us discontinuous descriptions of the density interface by replacing the cubic interpolation function used in the CIP scheme with a quadratic extrapolation function only around the interface .	In this paper , as Part II of this series , the multi-time-step integration technique is adapted to the CIP-CUP integration .
+1	This system has two quantum phase transitions , a generic one for small dilutions , and a percolation transition across the lattice percolation threshold .	We study the phase diagram and the quantum phase transitions of a site-diluted two-dimensional O ( 3 ) quantum rotor model by means of large-scale Monte-Carlo simulations .	We determine the critical behavior for both transitions and for the multicritical point that separates them .	In contrast to the exotic scaling scenarios found in other random quantum systems , all these transitions are characterized by finite-disorder fixed points with power-law scaling .	We relate our findings to a recent classification of phase transitions with quenched disorder according to the rare region dimensionality , and we discuss experiments in disordered quantum magnets .
+0	We report a highly significant Submillimeter Array ( SMA ) detection of the prototypical submillimeter source HDF 850.1 , which is the brightest submillimeter source in the Hubble Deep Field-North proper .	The detection yields an extremely precise position of RA ( 2000 ) =12:36:51.99 and Dec ( 2000 ) =+62:12:25.83 with a 1-sigma positional uncertainty of 0.17 arcsec .	The position is consistent with the location of a millimeter wavelength interferometric detection and with the locations of weak VLA detections at 1.4 and 8.4 GHz , but it is not consistent with any previous optical/near-infrared identifications .	The source appears pointlike at the 2 arcsec resolution of the SMA , and the detected flux of 7.8+/-1.0 mJy is consistent with the measured SCUBA fluxes .	We tabulate fluxes and limits on HDF 850.1 at other wavelengths .
+3	A study is made of their dependence on lattice spacing .	In this paper we study O ( 2000 ) ( quenched ) lattice configurations from the APE collaboration , for different lattice volumes and for 6.0 \le beta \le 6.4 using both the Wilson and the SW-Clover fermion actions .	We determine the light hadronic spectrum and meson decay constants and study the mesonic dispersion relation .	We extract the hadronic variable J and the strange quark mass in the continuum at the next-to-leading order obtaining m_s^ { MSbar } ( mu=2 GeV ) = 122 +/- 20 MeV .	We implement a newly developed technique to extract the inverse lattice spacing using data at the simulated values of the quark mass ( i.e.at masses around the strange quark mass ) .
+3	Such singlino-like neutralinos annihilate into the singlet-like Higgs bosons , which are light enough to decay dominantly to muons or electrons , and the annihilation cross section can be greatly enhanced by the Sommerfeld effect via exchanging a light CP-even singlet-like Higgs boson .	We briefly review the supersymetric explanation for the cosmic dark matter .	Although the neutralino in the minimal supersymmetric model ( MSSM ) , the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model ( NMSSM ) and the nearly minimal supersymmetric model ( nMSSM ) can naturaly explain the dark matter relic density , the PAMELA result can hardly be explained in these popular models .	In the general singlet extension of the MSSM , both the PAMELA result and the relic density can be explained by the singlino-like neutralino .	In this scenario , in order to meet the stringent LEP constraints , the SM-like Higgs boson tends to decay into the singlet Higgs pairs instead of $ b\bar b $ and consequently it will give a multi-muon signal $ h_SM- & gt ; aa- & gt ; \mu $ or $ h_ { SM } - & gt ; hh- & gt ; 4 a - & gt ; 8 \mu $ at the LHC .
+1	Providing incentives for cooperation in social communities is particularly challenging because of their unique features : a large population of anonymous agents interacting infrequently , having asymmetric interests , and dynamically joining and leaving the community ; operation errors ; and low-cost reputation whitewashing .	Sustaining cooperation among self-interested agents is critical for the proliferation of emerging online social communities , such as online communities formed through social networking services .	In this paper , taking these features into consideration , we propose a framework for the design and analysis of a class of incentive schemes based on a social norm , which consists of a reputation scheme and a social strategy .	We first define the concept of a sustainable social norm under which every agent has an incentive to follow the social strategy given the reputation scheme .	We then formulate the problem of designing an optimal social norm , which selects a social norm that maximizes overall social welfare among all sustainable social norms .
+0	I review here past and present research on clusters and groups of galaxies within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) .	In particular , I discuss the C4 algorithm which is designed to search for clusters within a 7-dimensional data-space , i.e. , simultaneous in both color & amp ; space .	The C4 catalog has a well defined selection function based on mock SDSS galaxy catalogs constructed from the Hubble Volume simulation , and is & gt ; 90 % complete , with & lt ; 10 % contamination , for halos with M200 & gt ; 10^14 Msolar at z & lt ; 0.14 .	Furthermore , the observed summed r-band luminosity of C4 clusters is linearly related to M200 with & lt ; 30 % scatter at any given halo mass .	I also briefly review the selection and observation of Luminous Red Galaxies ( LRGs ) and demonstrate that these galaxies have a similar clustering strength as clusters and groups of galaxies .
+1	Here , investigation is done to handle the challenges of face recognition , which include pose variations , changes in facial expression , partial occlusions , variations in illumination , rotation through different angles , change in scale etc .	This paper presents a comparative study of two different methods , which are based on fusion and polar transformation of visual and thermal images .	To overcome these obstacles we have implemented and thoroughly examined two different fusion techniques through rigorous experimentation .	In the first method log-polar transformation is applied to the fused images obtained after fusion of visual and thermal images whereas in second method fusion is applied on log-polar transformed individual visual and thermal images .	After this step , which is thus obtained in one form or another , Principal Component Analysis ( PCA ) is applied to reduce dimension of the fused images .
+3	For a graph $ G\in \mathfrak { N } $ , the least and the greatest values of $ t $ for which $ G $ has an interval $ t $ -coloring are denoted by $ w ( G ) $ and $ W ( G ) $ , respectively .	An edge-coloring of a graph $ G $ with colors $ 1 , ... , t $ is an interval $ t $ -coloring if all colors are used , and the colors of edges incident to each vertex of $ G $ are distinct and form an interval of integers .	A graph $ G $ is interval colorable if $ G $ has an interval $ t $ -coloring for some positive integer $ t $ .	Let $ \mathfrak { N } $ be the set of all interval colorable graphs .	In this paper we first show that if $ G $ is an $ r $ -regular graph and $ G\in \mathfrak { N } $ , then $ W ( G\square P_ { m } ) \geq W ( G ) +W ( P_ { m } ) + ( m-1 ) r $ ( $ m\in \mathbb { N } $ ) and $ W ( G\square C_ { 2n } ) \geq W ( G ) +W ( C_ { 2n } ) +nr $ ( $ n\geq 2 $ ) .
+2	The results are compared with those obtained from chiral unitary model , where the Lambda* resonance is dynamically generated and thus the electromagnetic structure comes directly from the meson cloud excitation of the baryon ground states .	We estimate the valence quark contributions for the gamma* Y - & gt ; Lambda* ( Y=Lambda , Sigma0 ) electromagnetic transition form factors .	We focus particularly on the case Lambda*=Lambda ( 1670 ) as an analog reaction with gamma* N - & gt ; N ( 1535 ) .	The form factors for the case Y=Sigma0 in particular , depend crucially on the two real phase ( sign ) combination , a phase between the Lambda and Lambda* states , and the other , the phase between the Lambda and Sigma0 radial wave functions .	Depending on the combination of these two phases , the form factors for the gamma* Sigma0 - & gt ; Lambda* reaction can be enhanced or suppressed .
+4	Furthermore , contrary to what is obtained with factorization , we predict sizable rate asymmetries in B^\pm - & gt ; K^\pm \pi^0 and B - & gt ; K^\pm pi^\mp .	We study Lambda_ { QCD } /m_B corrections to factorization in B - & gt ; K pi decays .	First , we analyze these decay channels within factorization , showing that , irrespectively of the value of gamma , it is not possible to reproduce the experimental data .	Then , we discuss Lambda_ { QCD } /m_B corrections to these processes , and argue that there is a class of doubly Cabibbo enhanced non-factorizable contributions , usually called charming penguins , that can not be neglected .	Including these corrections , we obtain an excellent agreement with experimental data .
+0	We consider cosmological constraints arising from the background expansion history on the ef- fective field theory of cosmic acceleration , a theoretical framework that allows for a unified way to classify both models of dark energy and modified gravity within the linear regime .	In the Einstein frame , the most general action for the background can be written in terms of a canonical scalar field which is non-minimally coupled to matter .	The leading corrections to the action are expressible through a quartic kinetic term , and scalar couplings to a Gauss-Bonnet curvature term and the Einstein tensor .	We determine the implications of the terms in this general action for the predicted expansion history in the context of dynamical attractors .	We find that each modifies the matter dominated and/or accelerative eras in ways that allow us to place cosmological constraints on them .
+1	The ring is attached symmetrically to two semi-infinite one-dimensional metallic electrodes and two gate voltages , namely , $ V_a $ and $ V_b $ , are applied in one arm of the ring those are treated as the two inputs of the NAND gate .	NAND gate response in a mesoscopic ring threaded with a magnetic flux $ \phi $ is investigated by using Green 's function formalism .	We use a simple tight-binding model to describe the system and numerically compute the conductance-energy and current-voltage characteristics as functions of the gate voltages , ring-to-electrode coupling strength and magnetic flux .	Our theoretical study shows that , for $ \phi=\phi_0/2 $ ( $ \phi_0=ch/e $ , the elementary flux-quantum ) a high output current ( 1 ) ( in the logical sense ) appears if one or both the inputs to the gate are low ( 0 ) , while if both the inputs to the gate are high ( 1 ) , a low output current ( 0 ) appears .	It clearly exhibits the NAND gate behavior and this feature may be utilized in designing an electronic logic gate .
+3	The other two SMGs exhibit CO velocity gradients of ~500 km/s across 0.2 arcsec ( 1.6 kpc ) diameter regions , suggesting that the star forming gas is in compact , rotating disks .	We report sub-arcsecond resolution IRAM PdBI millimeter CO interferometry of four z~2 submillimeter galaxies ( SMGs ) , and sensitive CO ( 3-2 ) flux limits toward three z~2 UV-/optically selected star forming galaxies .	The new data reveal for the first time spatially resolved CO gas kinematics in the observed SMGs .	Two of the SMGs show double or multiple morphologies , with complex , disturbed gas motions .	Our data provide compelling evidence that these SMGs represent extreme , short-lived 'maximum ' star forming events in highly dissipative mergers of gas rich galaxies .
+3	If the higher order long distance matrix elements are estimated through velocity scaling rule with adopting $ v^2=0.23 $ and the lower order long distance matrix elements are fixed , the leading order cross sections of color-octet states are reduced by about a factor of $ 20\sim40 % $ at large $ p_T $ at both the Tevatron and the LHC .	The relativistic corrections to the color-octet $ J/\psi $ hadroproduction at the Tevatron and LHC are calculated up to $ \mathcal { O } ( v^2 ) $ in nonrelativistic QCD factorization frame .	The short distance coefficients are obtained by matching full QCD with NRQCD results for the partonic subprocess $ g+g\to J/\psi ( { } ^1S_0^ { [ 8 ] } , { } ^3S_1^ { [ 8 ] } , { } ^3P_J^ { [ 8 ] } ) +g $ , $ q+\bar { q } \to J/\psi ( { } ^1S_0^ { [ 8 ] } , { } ^3S_1^ { [ 8 ] } , { } ^3P_J^ { [ 8 ] } ) +g $ and $ g+q ( { \bar { q } } ) \to J/\psi ( { } ^1S_0^ { [ 8 ] } , { } ^3S_1^ { [ 8 ] } , { } ^3P_J^ { [ 8 ] } ) +q ( { \bar { q } } ) $ .	The short distance coefficient ratios of relativistic correction to leading order for color-octet states $ { ^1 } S_ { 0 } ^ { [ 8 ] } $ , $ { ^3 } S_ { 1 } ^ { [ 8 ] } $ , and $ { ^3 } P_ { J } ^ { [ 8 ] } $ at large $ p_T $ are approximately -5/6 , -11/6 , and -31/30 , respectively , for each subprocess , and it is 1/6 for color-singlet state $ { ^3 } S_ { 1 } ^ { [ 1 ] } $ .	Comparing with QCD radiative corrections to color-octet states , relativistic correction is ignored along with $ p_T $ increasing .
+1	The non linear transport model we develop here is based on the rate equations for electrons , holes , deep paramagnetic and non paramagnetic centers both under CW and pulsed optical excitation .	A theoretical and experimental study of the spin-dependent photoconductivity in dilute Nitride GaAsN is presented .	Emphasis is given to the effect of the competition between paramagnetic centers and non paramagnetic centers which allows us to reproduce the measured characteristics of the spin-dependent recombination power dependence .	Particular attention is paid to the role of an external magnetic field in Voigt geometry .	The photoconductivity exhibits a Hanle-type curve whereas the spin polarization of electrons shows two superimposed Lorentzian curves with different widths , respectively related to the recombination of free and trapped electrons .
+4	In this limit the initial deceleration and heating of plasma ( at the entrance to the cooling zone ) occurs in a fast magnetohydrodynamic shock wave .	This work treats the matter deceleration in a magnetohydrodynamics radiative shock wave at the surface of a star .	The problem is relevant to classical T Tauri stars where infalling matter is channeled along the star 's magnetic field and stopped in the dense layers of photosphere .	A significant new aspect of the present work is that the magnetic field has an arbitrary angle with respect to the normal to the star 's surface .	We consider the limit where the magnetic field at the surface of the star is not very strong in the sense that the inflow is super Alfv\'enic .
+1	A large spin-split gap with 100 % spin polarized density of states near the Fermi energy is obtained , which is of potential application in spin transistors .	We theoretically design a graphene-based all-organic ferromagnetic semiconductor by terminating zigzag graphene nanoribbons ( ZGNRs ) with organic magnets .	The interplays among electron , spin and lattice degrees of freedom are studied using the first-principles calculations combined with fundamental model analysis .	All of the calculations consistently demonstrate that although no d electrons existing , the antiferromagnetic \pi-\pi exchange together with the strong spin-lattice interactions between organic magnets and ZGNRs make the ground state ferromagnetic .	The fundamental physics makes it possible to optimally select the organic magnets towards practical applications .
+1	In the absence of edge diffusion the selected meander wavelength agrees quantitatively with the continuum linear stability analysis of Bales and Zangwill [ Phys.Rev .	The meander instability of a vicinal surface growing under step flow conditions is studied within a solid-on-solid model .	B { \bf 41 } , 4400 ( 1990 ) ] .	In the presence of edge diffusion a local instability mechanism related to kink rounding barriers dominates , and the meander wavelength is set by one-dimensional nucleation .	The long-time behavior of the meander amplitude differs in the two cases , and disagrees with the predictions of a nonlinear step evolution equation [ O. Pierre-Louis et al. , Phys.Rev.Lett .
+2	For the bin packing problem , we give an online algorithm with advice that is $ ( 1+\varepsilon ) $ -competitive and uses $ O\left ( \frac { 1 } { \varepsilon } \log \frac { 1 } { \varepsilon } \right ) $ bits of advice per request .	We consider the setting of online computation with advice , and study the bin packing problem and a number of scheduling problems .	We show that it is possible , for any of these problems , to arbitrarily approach a competitive ratio of $ 1 $ with only a constant number of bits of advice per request .	For scheduling on $ m $ identical machines , with the objective function of any of makespan , machine covering and the minimization of the $ \ell_p $ norm , $ p & gt ; 1 $ , we give similar results .	We give online algorithms with advice which are $ ( 1+\varepsilon ) $ -competitive ( $ ( 1/ ( 1-\varepsilon ) ) $ -competitive for machine covering ) and also use $ O\left ( \frac { 1 } { \varepsilon } \log \frac { 1 } { \varepsilon } \right ) $ bits of advice per request .
+4	We discuss possible orders of associators in C-loops .	C-loops are loops satisfying the identity $ x ( y\cdot yz ) = ( xy\cdot y ) z $ .	We develop the theory of extensions of C-loops , and characterize all nuclear extensions provided the nucleus is an abelian group .	C-loops with central squares have very transparent extensions ; they can be built from small blocks arising from the underlying Steiner triple system .	Using these extensions , we decide for which abelian groups $ K $ and Steiner loops $ Q $ there is a nonflexible C-loop $ C $ with center $ K $ such that $ C/K $ is isomorphic to $ Q $ .
+4	Our color selection method is also highly efficient : of the 73 spectra obtained , 71 are high redshift quasars .	We present a measurement of the Type I quasar luminosity function at z=5 using a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed quasars selected from optical imaging data .	We measure the bright end ( M_1450 & lt ; -26 ) with Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) data covering ~6000 deg^2 , then extend to lower luminosities ( M_1450 & lt ; -24 ) with newly discovered , faint z~5 quasars selected from 235 deg^2 of deep , coadded imaging in the SDSS Stripe 82 region ( the celestial equator in the Southern Galactic Cap ) .	The faint sample includes 14 quasars with spectra obtained as ancillary science targets in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey ( BOSS ) , and 59 quasars observed at the MMT and Magellan telescopes .	We construct a well-defined sample of 4.7 & lt ; z & lt ; 5.1 quasars that is highly complete , with 73 spectroscopic identifications out of 92 candidates .
+0	The pseudo-Goldstone boson mechanism for the `` doublet-triplet splitting '' problem of the grand unified theory can be naturally implemented in the scenario with extra dimensions and branes .	The two SU ( 6 ) global symmetries of the Higgs sector are located on two separate branes while the SU ( 6 ) gauge symmetry is in the bulk .	After including several vector-like fields in the bulk , and allowing the most general interactions with their natural strength ( including the higher dimensional ones which may be generated by gravity ) which are consistent with the geometry , a realistic pattern of the Standard Model fermion masses and mixings can be naturally obtained without any flavor symmetry .	Neutrino masses and mixings required for the solar and atmospheric neutrino problems can also be accommodated .	The geometry of extra dimensions and branes provides another way to realize the absence of certain interactions ( as required in the pseudo-Goldstone boson mechanism ) or the smallness of some couplings ( e.g. , the Yukawa couplings between the fermions and the Higgs bosons ) , in addition to the usual symmetry arguments .
+0	We investigate the effect of the structure function F_L in global parton analyses of deep inelastic and related hard scattering data .	We perform NLO and NNLO analyses which include the reduced cross section HERA data at high y , as well as earlier direct measurements of F_L .	We find that the NNLO analysis gives a better description of F_L at low x than that performed at NLO .	Nevertheless the data show evidence of the need of further contributions to F_L , which may be of higher-twist origin .	We study such corrections both phenomenologically and theoretically via a renormalon approach .
+4	The contribution of the scalar field to these equations contains divergences associated with the structure of the effective state .	We renormalize the divergences in the energy-momentum tensor of a scalar field that begins its evolution in an effective initial state .	The effective initial state is a formalism that encodes the signatures of new physics in the structure of the quantum state of a field ; in an inflationary setting , these signatures could include trans-Planckian effects .	We treat both the scalar field and gravity equivalently , considering each as a small quantum fluctuation about a spatially independent background .	The classical gravitational equations of motion then arise as a tadpole condition on the graviton .
+1	The model gives a semi-quantitatively accurate description of both the vapor-liquid-solid phase diagram for both simple fluids ( Lennard-Jones interactions ) and of the low-density/high-density/crystal phase diagram for model globular proteins ( ten Wolde-Frenkel interaction ) .	The role of metastable liquid phases in vapor-crystal nucleation is studied using Density Functional Theory ( DFT ) .	The density profile is characterized by two local order parameters , the average density and the crystallinity .	The bulk free energy model is supplemented by squared-derivative terms in these order parameters to account for inhomogeneities thus producing a model similar in spirit to phase-field theory .	It is shown that for both interaction models , the vapor-crystal part of the phase-diagram can be separated into regions for which metastable liquid phases are more or less stable than the vapor , but always less stable than the solid .
+3	The logarithm of the likelihood function for the stochastic block model can be reformulated under the framework of nonnegative matrix factorization .	Community structures detection in complex network is important for understanding not only the topological structures of the network , but also the functions of it .	Stochastic block model and nonnegative matrix factorization are two widely used methods for community detection , which are proposed from different perspectives .	In this paper , the relations between them are studied .	Besides the model equivalence , the algorithms employed by the two methods are different .
+3	Every time observer 1 postpones its final message to observer 2 , it incurs a penalty .	A sequential problem in decentralized detection is considered .	Two observers can make repeated noisy observations of a binary hypothesis on the state of the environment .	At any time , observer 1 can stop and send a final binary message to observer 2 or it may continue to take more measurements .	Observer 2 's operation under two different scenarios is explored .
+1	Using representation theory , Jackson obtained for each $ k $ an elegant formula for counting these factorizations according to the number of cycles of each factor .	We study the factorizations of the permutation $ ( 1,2 , ... , n ) $ into $ k $ factors of given cycle types .	In the cases $ k=2,3 $ Schaeffer and Vassilieva gave a combinatorial proof of Jackson 's formula , and Morales and Vassilieva obtained more refined formulas exhibiting a surprising symmetry property .	These counting results are indicative of a rich combinatorial theory which has remained elusive to this point , and it is the goal of this article to establish a series of bijections which unveil some of the combinatorial properties of the factorizations of $ ( 1,2 , ... , n ) $ into $ k $ factors for all $ k $ .	We thereby obtain refinements of Jackson 's formulas which extend the cases $ k=2,3 $ treated by Morales and Vassilieva .
+1	We develop a new estimator that cleanly removes the much larger shear signal of the neighboring LRG halos , relying only on the assumption of spherical symmetry .	We search for the lensing signal of massive filaments between 135,000 pairs of Luminous Red Galaxies ( LRGs ) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey .	We consider two models : a thick filament model constructed from ray-tracing simulations for $ \Lambda $ CDM model , and a thin filament model which models the filament by a string of halos along the line connecting the two LRGs .	We show that the filament lensing signal is in nice agreement with the thick simulation filament , while strongly disfavoring the thin model .	The magnitude of the lensing shear due to the filament is below $ 10^ { -4 } $ .
+3	We give an approximation guarantee for a novel greedy algorithm and give a hardness of approximation result which matches up to constant factors .	We introduce a natural generalization of submodular set cover and exact active learning with a finite hypothesis class ( query learning ) .	We call this new problem interactive submodular set cover .	Applications include advertising in social networks with hidden information .	We also discuss negative results for simpler approaches and present encouraging early experimental results .
+1	However showers created by neutrino interactions close to the detector must be picked out against a background of similar events initiated by cosmic ray nuclei .	It is anticipated that the Pierre Auger Observatory can be used to detect cosmic neutrinos of & gt ; 10^19 eV that arrive at very large zenith angles .	As a step towards understanding this background , we have made the first detailed analysis of air showers recorded at Haverah Park ( an array which used similar detectors to those planned for the Auger Observatory ) with zenith angles above 60 degs .	We find that the differential shower rate from 60 degs to 80 degs .	can be predicted accurately when we adopt the known primary energy spectrum above 10^17 eV and assume the QGSJET model and proton primaries .
+1	They encompass finite Sturmian words .	Trapezoidal words are finite words having at most n+1 distinct factors of length n , for every n & gt ; =0 .	We distinguish trapezoidal words into two disjoint subsets : open and closed trapezoidal words .	A trapezoidal word is closed if its longest repeated prefix has exactly two occurrences in the word , the second one being a suffix of the word .	Otherwise it is open .
+4	Thus , orthogonal function bases and Toda lattice are seen at the core of correspondence of different approaches .	An attempt is made to describe random matrix ensembles with unitary invariance of measure ( UE ) in a unified way , using a combination of Tracy-Widom ( TW ) and Adler-Shiota-Van Moerbeke ( ASvM ) approaches to derivation of partial differential equations ( PDE ) for spectral gap probabilities .	First , general 3-term recurrence relations for UE restricted to subsets of real line , or , in other words , for functions in the resolvent kernel , are obtained .	Using them , simple universal relations between all TW dependent variables and one-dimensional Toda lattice $ \tau $ -functions are found .	A universal system of PDE for UE is derived from previous relations , which leads also to a { \it single independent PDE } for spectral gap probability of various UE .
+4	Left side circulary polarized waves induced less effect than linearly polarized radiation .	Isolated human buccal epithelium cell were irradiated by microwaves at frequency f=35 GHz and surface power density E=30 mcW/cm2 .	The state of chromatin in human cells was determined by methodsof light and electron microscopy .	The state of cell membranes was evaluated by the method of vital indigo carmine staining .	The microwave-induced condensation of chromatin in human cells was revealed .
+4	Most importantly such a distortion will destroy the acoustic phase mode being present if the electron-hole pairing and condensation is exclusively driven by the Coulomb interaction .	The influence of phonons on the formation of the excitonic insulator has hardly been analyzed so far .	Recent experiments on $ \rm Ta_2NiSe_5 $ , 1 $ T $ - $ \rm TiSe_2 $ , and $ \rm TmSe_ { 0.45 } Te_ { 0.55 } $ , being candidates for realizing the excitonic-insulator state , suggest , however , that the underlying lattice plays a significant role .	Employing the Kadanoff-Baym approach we address this issue theoretically .	We show that owing to the electron-phonon coupling a static lattice distortion may arise at the excitonic instability .
+1	There is however some agreement on the fact that the carcinogenic process is a result of several genetic mutations of normal cells .	Several explanations can be found in the literature about the origin of colorectal cancer .	The colon epithelium is characterized by millions of invaginations , very small cavities , called crypts , where most of the cellular activity occurs .	It is consensual in the medical community , that a potential first manifestation of the carcinogenic process , observed in conventional colonoscopy images , is the appearance of Aberrant Crypt Foci ( ACF ) .	These are clusters of abnormal crypts , morphologically characterized by an atypical behavior of the cells that populate the crypts .
+4	On the other hand , there are some examples of massive SNe with only a small kinetic energy .	During the last few years , a number of exceptional core-collapse supernovae ( SNe ) have been discovered .	Their kinetic energy of the explosions are larger by more than an order of magnitude than the typical values for this type of SNe , so that these SNe have been called `Hypernovae ' .	We first describe how the basic properties of hypernovae can be derived from observations and modeling .	These hypernovae seem to come from rather massive stars , thus forming black holes .
+4	I also discuss why the radiative torque mechanism ignored for more than 20 years looks right now the most powerful means of grain alignment .	Aligned grains provide one of the easiest ways to study magnetic fields in diffuse gas and molecular clouds .	How reliable our conclusions about the inferred magnetic field depends critically on our understanding of the physics of grain alignment .	Although grain alignment is a problem of half a century standing recent progress achieved in the field makes us believe that we are approaching the solution of this mystery .	I review basic physical processes involved in grain alignment and show why mechanisms that were favored for decades do not look so promising right now .
+2	Lines in the cm-wave band have similarities which allow us to simplify the equations .	This chapter is in three parts .	The first presents the fundamental equations of level populations and radiative transfer which govern spectral line emission and absorption .	The further simplification of a two level system ( a good approximation for H I gives the familiar formulae for the 21-cm line .	The second part of the lesson deals with mapping , and the combination of single dish and interferometer data .
+0	Sparse channel estimation problem is one of challenge technical issues in stable broadband wireless communications .	Based on square error criterion ( SEC ) , adaptive sparse channel estimation ( ASCE ) methods , e.g. , zero-attracting least mean square error ( ZA-LMS ) algorithm and reweighted ZA-LMS ( RZA-LMS ) algorithm , have been proposed to mitigate noise interferences as well as to exploit the inherent channel sparsity .	However , the conventional SEC-ASCE methods are vulnerable to 1 ) random scaling of input training signal ; and 2 ) imbalance between convergence speed and steady state mean square error ( MSE ) performance due to fixed step-size of gradient descend method .	In this paper , a mixed square/fourth error criterion ( SFEC ) based improved ASCE methods are proposed to avoid aforementioned shortcomings .	Specifically , the improved SFEC-ASCE methods are realized with zero-attracting least mean square/fourth error ( ZA-LMS/F ) algorithm and reweighted ZA-LMS/F ( RZA-LMS/F ) algorithm , respectively .
+4	BEST II observes selected CoRoT target fields ahead of the space mission .	The Berlin Exoplanet Search Telescope II ( BEST II ) is a small wide field-of-view photometric survey telescope system located at the Observatorio Cerro Armazones , Chile .	The high duty cycle combined with excellent observing conditions and millimagnitude photometric precision makes this instrument suitable for ground based support observations for the CoRoT space mission .	Photometric data of the CoRoT LRa02 target field collected between November 2008 and March 2009 were analysed for stellar variability .	The presented results will help in the future analysis of the CoRoT data , particularly in additional science programs related to variable stars .
+4	Our study is the most comprehensive to date of rapid variability in symbiotic binaries .	We report on our survey for rapid ( time scale of minutes ) photometric variability in symbiotic binaries .	These binaries are becoming an increasingly important place to study accretion onto white dwarfs since they are candidate Type Ia supernovae progenitors .	Unlike in most cataclysmic variables , the white dwarfs in symbiotics typically accrete from a wind , at rates greater than or equal to 10^ { -9 } solar masses per year .	In order to elucidate the differences between symbiotics and other white dwarf accretors , as well as search for magnetism in symbiotic white dwarfs , we have studied 35 primarily northern symbiotic binaries via differential optical photometry .
+2	Results are illustrated in detail for a two dimensional square lattice .	A theory of the static electron polarizability of crystals whose energy spectrum is modified by quantizing magnetic fields is presented .	It is argued that The polarizability is strongly affected by non-dissipative Hall currents induced by the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields : these can even change its sign .	The polarizability and the Hall conductivity are respectively linked to the two topological quantum numbers entering the so -- called Diophantine equation .	These numbers could in principle be detected in actual experiments .
+1	In this model the two prices are represented by eigenvalues of a 2x2 price operator corresponding to `` bid '' and `` ask '' eigenstates .	We develop a theory of bid and ask price dynamics where the two prices form due to interaction of buy and sell orders .	Matrix elements of price operator fluctuate in time which results in phase jitter for eigenstates .	We show that the theory reflects very important characteristics of bid and ask dynamics and order density in the order book .	Calibration examples are provided for stocks at various time scales .
+1	We find that in a concordance LCDM cosmology , most isolated disk galaxies have remained undisturbed for 8-10 Gyr , such that the age of the Milky Way 's thin disk is unremarkable .	We use a semi-analytic model of halo formation to study the dynamical history of giant field galaxies like the Milky Way .	Many systems also have older disk components which have been thickened by minor mergers , consistent with recent observations of nearby field galaxies .	We do have a considerable problem , however , reproducing the morphological mix of nearby galaxies .	In our fiducial model , most systems have disk-to-bulge mass ratios of order 1 , and look like S0s rather than spirals .
+0	The possibility that certain fractional quantum Hall ( FQH ) states can support non-Abelian anyons , which transform according to a non-Abelian representation of the braid group , has caused tremendous excitement in recent years .	We make a strong theoretical case that a recently observed FQH state at filling factor $ \nu=1/2 $ in bilayer graphene [ Kim { \em et al . } Nano Lett .	15 , 7445 ( 2015 ) ] represents a new class of FQH state with fractionally charged non-Abelian excitations .	We identify its physical origin , provide an explicit microscopic wave function for it , carry out extensive numerical tests , and list experimental signatures that differentiate it from other candidate non-Abelian FQH states .	We further predict a topological quantum phase transition between two non-Abelian FQH states at filling factors $ \nu=-3/2 $ and $ 5/2 $ in bilayer graphene .
+2	We have investigated the changes in the equation of state that result from the use of different pseudopotentials , the inclusion of either zero-point motion or finite-temperature vibrations , and the application of corrections for finite-size effects .	We have studied the diamond - & gt ; beta-tin phase transition in Si using diffusion quantum Monte Carlo ( DMC ) methods .	Slater-Jastrow-backflow trial wave functions give lower DMC energies than Slater-Jastrow ones , and backflow slightly favors the beta-tin phase with respect to the diamond phase .	Our tests indicate that the choice of pseudopotential can significantly affect the equation of state .	Using a Dirac-Fock pseudopotential leads to an overestimation of the transition pressure but an empirical pseudopotential designed for use in correlated calculations gives a transition pressure in quite good agreement with experiment .
+1	We discuss the superconductivity of CeIr_ { x } Co_ { 1-x } In_5 by using such a renormalized formula .	We reformulate the Eliashberg 's equation for the superconducting transition within the quasi-particle description , which takes account of the heavy electron mass .	On the basis of an effective two-dimensional Hubbard model which represents the most heavy quasi-two dimensional Fermi surface with f-character of CeIr_ { x } Co_ { 1-x } In_5 , both normal and anomalous self-energies are calculated up to third order with respect to the renormalized on-site repulsion U between quasi-particles .	The superconducting transition temperature is obtained by solving the Eliashberg 's equation .	Reasonable transition temperatures are obtained for moderately large U .
+4	Here we demonstrate a new paradigm : restricting ourselves to global control pulses we permit systems to interact freely and continuously , with the consequence that qubits can become delocalized over the entire device .	Any technology for quantum information processing ( QIP ) must embody within it quantum bits ( qubits ) and maintain control of their key quantum properties of superposition and entanglement .	Typical QIP schemes envisage an array of physical systems , such as electrons or nuclei , with each system representing a given qubit .	For adequate control , systems must be distinguishable either by physical separation or unique frequencies , and their mutual interactions must be individually manipulable .	These difficult requirements exclude many nanoscale technologies where systems are densely packed and continuously interacting .
+1	The Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model ( UrQMD ) is a microscopic many body approach to pp , pA and AA interactions at relativistic energies .	The new version of the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model ( UrQMD-2.3 ) is presented .	The major updates and changes are explained and a comparison to the previous version ( UrQMD-1.3p1 ) in the context of the available data is performed .	The plots and numerical data tables for hadron ( i.e. $ \pi $ , K , p , $ \bar { p } $ , $ \Lambda $ , $ \bar { \Lambda } $ , $ \Xi $ , $ \bar { \Xi } $ , $ \Omega $ , $ \bar { \Omega } $ ) multiplicities , and mean transverse mass momenta , $ & lt ; m_T & gt ; -m_0 $ excitation functions , transverse mass spectra and rapidity distributions in pp and central Au+Au/Pb+Pb reactions from $ E_ { \rm lab } =2A $ GeV to $ \sqrt { s } _ { \rm NN } =200 $ GeV are provided in this paper .	The source code of UrQMD-2.3 is available at http : //www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~urqmd
+3	In this paper , we study the mechanism for the disappearance of time as a result of using Jacobi 's principle in these simple particle models .	Jacobi 's action principle is known to lead to a problem of time .	For example , the timelessness of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation can be seen as resulting from using Jacobi 's principle to define the dynamics of 3-geometries through superspace .	In addition , using Jacobi 's principle for non-relativistic particles is equivalent classically to Newton 's theory but leads to a time-independent Schrodinger equation upon Dirac quantization .	We find that the path integral quantization very clearly elucidates the physical mechanism for the timeless of the quantum theory as well as the emergence of duration at the classical level .
+4	This readily extends to classification over $ k $ nodes with $ O ( kd^2 \log { 1/\eps } ) $ words of communication .	In distributed learning , the goal is to perform a learning task over data distributed across multiple nodes with minimal ( expensive ) communication .	Prior work ( Daume III et al. , 2012 ) proposes a general model that bounds the communication required for learning classifiers while allowing for $ \eps $ training error on linearly separable data adversarially distributed across nodes .	In this work , we develop key improvements and extensions to this basic model .	Our first result is a two-party multiplicative-weight-update based protocol that uses $ O ( d^2 \log { 1/\eps } ) $ words of communication to classify distributed data in arbitrary dimension $ d $ , $ \eps $ -optimally .
+1	The approach is based on a conserving generalization of the usual T-matrix approximation including also anomalous self-energies and propagators .	We study a generalized ladder resummation in the superfluid phase of the nuclear matter .	The approximation here discussed is a generalization of the usual mean-field BCS approach and of the in medium T-matrix approximation in the normal phase .	The numerical results in this work are obtained in the quasi-particle approximation .	Properties of the resulting self-energy , superfluid gap and spectral functions are studied .
+4	In the teaching of odontology and stomatology , object of our research , dental assistance brings up situations where the professional must develop transversal skills , which improve the interaction with the patient and the dental treatment itself .	One of the methodologies based on group dynamics is Role Playing ( RP ) .	This method consists on the simulation of a real situation , allowing its study and understanding .	Knowledge and technical skills are not the only prerequisites for proper practice in health sciences .	RP has been used as Communication Skills Training ( CST ) amongst health professionals .
+2	Observations of starburst galaxies at \gamma-ray energies gives us the unique opportunity to study non-thermal phenomena associated with hadronic CRs and their relation to the star-formation process .	Starburst galaxies have a highly increased star-formation rate compared to regular galaxies and inject huge amounts of kinetic power into the interstellar medium via supersonic stellar winds , and supernova explosions .	Supernova remnants , which are considered to be the main source of cosmic rays ( CRs ) , form an additional , significant energy and pressure component and might influence the star-formation process in a major way .	In this work , recent observations of starburst galaxies with space and ground-based \gamma-ray telescopes are being reviewed and the current state of theoretical work on the \gamma-ray emission is discussed .	A special emphasis is put on the prospects of the next-generation Cherenkov Telescope Array for the study of starburst galaxies in particular and star-forming galaxies in general .
+2	The X-ray background puts a strong constraint on the mass of radiatively decaying neutrinos ( m & lt ; = 14 keV ) , whereas the allowed mass range for pion-decay neutrinos ( for a particle lifetime & gt ; 4 X 10^17 s ) is 150 & lt ; = m/MeV & lt ; = 500 .	Sterile neutrinos are one of the most promising Warm Dark Matter candidates .	By considering their radiative- and pion-decay channels , we derive the allowed contribution of sterile neutrinos to the X-ray , optical and near-infrared cosmic backgrounds .	Taking into account these constraints , we find that sterile neutrinos do not significantly contribute to the optical and near-infrared background .	We further consider the impact of sterile neutrinos on reionization .
+3	The purpose of this paper is to show that this theory , at first designated to physic , gives a new point of view for the study of singularities of integrable 1-forms .	Some years ago Mosh\'e Flato pointed up that it could be interesting to develop the Nambu 's idea to generalize Hamiltonian mechanic .	An interesting new formalism in that direction was proposed by T. Takhtajan .	His theory gave new perspectives concerning deformation quantization , and many authors have developed its mathematical features .	Namely , we will prove that any integrable 1-form which vanishes at a point and has a non-zero linear part at this point is , up to multiplication by a non-vanishing function , the formal pull-back of a two dimensional 1-form .
+1	The reconstructed mass map , obtained from a shear map , shows that the state-of-the-art data analysis methods can measure weak-lensing statistics at angular scales ranging from 2.5 ' to 25 ' .	We explore the stability of the variance and skewness of the cosmic gravitational convergence field , using two different approaches : first we simulate a whole MEGACAM survey ( 100 sq.degrees ) .	We looked also at the influence of a varying signal-to-noise ratio over the shear map ( due to local variations of source density ) on the mass reconstruction , by means of Monte-Carlo simulation .	The effect at small scales can easily be corrected-for in most of the relevant cases .	These results enhance the confidence in the capability of future large surveys to measure accurately cosmologically interesting quantities .
+0	Using the well known quantum hadrodynamics ( QHD ) , we study the effects of meson-hyperon coupling constants on the onset of hyperons in dense nuclear matter .	We use the SU ( 3 ) symmetry group to fix all these coupling constants , constrained to experimental nuclear matter results and astrophysical observations .	While the discovery of massive pulsars PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0348+0432 points towards a very stiff equation of state at very large densities , results from heavy ion collisions point in opposite direction for densities below five times the nuclear saturation density .	We study some well known parametrizations and see that most of them can not satisfy both types of constraints .	Indeed , although in our model we can simulate a 2.25 $ M_\odot $ hyperonic neutron star , the heavy ion collision constraints limits the maximum mass around 2.06 $ M_\odot $ .
+2	Noting that the ID gauge field couples solely through derivatives acting on `` inner '' space variables all ID fields are Taylor-expanded in `` inner '' space .	Isometrodynamics ( ID ) , the gauge theory of the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of an `` inner '' D-dimensional flat space , is tentatively interpreted as a fundamental theory of gravity .	Dimensional analysis shows that the Planck length l_P - and through it \hbar and \Gamma - enters the gauge field action linking ID and gravity in a natural way .	Integrating out the `` inner '' space variables yields an effective field theory for the coefficient fields with l_P^2 emerging as the expansion parameter .	For \hbar goint to zero only the leading order field does not vanish .
+1	Here we present the explicit forms of infinitely many seed solutions for adding eigenstates at arbitrary real energy through the Abraham-Moses transformations for typical solvable potentials , e.g.the radial oscillator , the Darboux-P\ '' oschl-Teller and some others .	Abraham-Moses transformations , besides Darboux transformations , are well-known procedures to generate extensions of solvable potentials in one-dimensional quantum mechanics .	These seed solutions are simple generalisations of the virtual state wavefunctions , which are obtained from the eigenfunctions by discrete symmetries of the potentials .	The virtual state wavefunctions have been an essential ingredient for constructing multi-indexed Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials through multiple Darboux-Crum transformations .	In contrast to the Darboux transformations , the virtual state wavefunctions generate non-polynomial extensions of solvable potentials through the Abraham-Moses transformations .
+0	In this paper we consider learning in passive setting but with a slight modification .	We assume that the target expected loss , also referred to as target risk , is provided in advance for learner as prior knowledge .	Unlike most studies in the learning theory that only incorporate the prior knowledge into the generalization bounds , we are able to explicitly utilize the target risk in the learning process .	Our analysis reveals a surprising result on the sample complexity of learning : by exploiting the target risk in the learning algorithm , we show that when the loss function is both strongly convex and smooth , the sample complexity reduces to $ \O ( \log ( \frac { 1 } { \epsilon } ) ) $ , an exponential improvement compared to the sample complexity $ \O ( \frac { 1 } { \epsilon } ) $ for learning with strongly convex loss functions .	Furthermore , our proof is constructive and is based on a computationally efficient stochastic optimization algorithm for such settings which demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is practically useful .
+4	It is found as expected that the proposed approach is faster in convergence in terms of computational time .	A control theoretic approach is presented in this paper for both batch and instantaneous updates of weights in feed-forward neural networks .	The popular Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman ( HJB ) equation has been used to generate an optimal weight update law .	The remarkable contribution in this paper is that closed form solutions for both optimal cost and weight update can be achieved for any feed-forward network using HJB equation in a simple yet elegant manner .	The proposed approach has been compared with some of the existing best performing learning algorithms .
+0	The propagation of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma ( QGP ) has been often treated within the framework of the Langevin equation ( LV ) , i.e.assuming the momentum transfer is small or the scatterings are sufficiently forward peaked , small screening mass $ m_D $ .	We address a direct comparison between the Langevin dynamics and the Boltzmann collisional integral ( BM ) when a bulk medium is in equilibrium at fixed temperature .	We show that unless the cross section is quite forward peaked ( $ m_D\cong T $ ) or the mass to temperature ratio is quite large ( $ M_ { HQ } /T \gtrsim 8-10 $ ) there are significant differences in the evolution of the $ p- $ spectra and consequently on nuclear modification factor $ R_ { AA } ( p_T ) $ .	However for charm quark we find that very similar $ R_ { AA } ( p_T ) $ between the LV and BM can be obtained , but with a modified diffusion coefficient by about $ \sim 15-50\ % $ depending on the angular dependence of the cross section which regulates the momentum transfer .	Studying also the momentum spread suffered by a single heavy quarks we see that at temperatures $ T\gtrsim \ , 250\ , \rm MeV $ the dynamics of the scatterings is far from being of Brownian type for charm quarks .
+4	We present evidence for severe degradation due to common fluorescent lights and ambient sunlight in laboratories , with potential losses at the 40 % level in the first day and eventual losses at the 80 % level after a month of exposure .	The scintillation detection systems of liquid argon time projection chambers ( LArTPCs ) require wavelength shifters to detect the 128 nm scintillation light produced in liquid argon .	Tetraphenyl butadiene ( TPB ) is a fluorescent material that can shift this light to a wavelength of 425 nm , lending itself well to use in these detectors .	We can coat the glass of photomultiplier tubes ( PMTs ) with TPB or place TPB-coated plates in front of the PMTs .	In this paper , we investigate the degradation of a chemical TPB coating in a laboratory or factory environment to assess the viability of long-term TPB film storage prior to its initial installation in an LArTPC .
+0	Ultra diffuse galaxies ( UDGs ) have the sizes of giant galaxies but the luminosities of dwarfs .	A key to understanding their origins comes from their total masses , but their low surface brightnesses ( $ \mu ( V ) \geq $ 25.0 ) generally prohibit dynamical studies .	Here we report the first such measurements for a UDG ( VCC~1287 in the Virgo cluster ) , based on its globular cluster system dynamics and size .	From 7 GCs we measure a mean systemic velocity $ v_ { \rm sys } $ = 1071 $ ^ { +14 } _ { -15 } $ km/s , thereby confirming a Virgo-cluster association .	We measure a velocity dispersion of 33 $ ^ { +16 } _ { -10 } $ km/s within 8.1 kpc , corresponding to an enclosed mass of $ ( 4.5 \pm 2.8 ) \times10^ { 9 } $ $ M_ { \odot } $ and a $ g $ -band mass-to-light ratio of $ ( M/L ) _g = 106^ { +126 } _ { -54 } $ .
+1	Among the particle-core states one identifies a finite set which have the property that the angular momenta carried by the proton and neutron quadrupole bosons and the particles respectively , are mutually orthogonal .	To a phenomenological core described by the Generalized Coherent State Model a set of interacting particles are coupled .	The magnetic properties of such states are studied .	All terms of the model Hamiltonian satisfy the chiral symmetry except for the spin-spin interaction .	There are four bands of two quasiparticle-core dipole states type , which exhibit properties which are specific for magnetic twin bands .
+0	Hydrogen gas is the dominant component of the local interstellar medium .	However , due to ionization and interaction with the heliosphere , direct sampling of neutral hydrogen in the inner heliosphere is more difficult than sampling the local interstellar neutral helium , which penetrates deep into the heliosphere .	In this paper we report on the first detailed analysis of the direct sampling of neutral hydrogen from the local interstellar medium .	We confirm that the arrival direction of hydrogen is offset from that of the local Helium component .	We further report the discovery of a variation of the penetrating Hydrogen over the first two years of IBEX observations .
+3	Dirac nature of heavy neutrinos in this model implies suppression of the conventional same-sign-dilepton signal at the LHC .	We study the production of heavy neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) through the dominant s-channel production mode as well as the vector boson fusion ( VBF ) process .	We consider the TeV scale minimal linear seesaw model containing two heavy singlets with opposite lepton number .	This model is fully reconstructible from oscillation data apart from an overall normalization constant which can be constrained from meta-stability of the electroweak vacuum and bounds coming from lepton flavor violation ( LFV ) searches .	We analyze the collider signatures with tri-lepton final state and missing transverse energy as well as VBF type signals which are characterized by two additional forward tagged jets .
+3	The first zone for $ a & lt ; r\lessapprox 1.3a $ is the zone of topological defects ; the second zone at the approximate distance range $ 1.3a \lessapprox r \lessapprox 4a $ is the zone where crossover from topological defects to the main multipole moment takes place .	Theoretical description of the elastic interaction between colloidal particles in NLC with incorporation of the higher order elastic terms beyond the limit of dipole and qudrupole interactions is proposed .	The expression for the elastic interaction potential between axially symmetric colloidal particles , taking into account of the high order elastic terms , is obtained .	The general paradigm of the elastic interaction between colloidal particles in NLC is proposed so that every particle with strong anchoring and radius $ a $ has three zones surrounding itself .	The higher order elastic terms are essential nere ( from 10 % to 60 % of the total deformation ) .
+4	Since high resolution requires fine space discretization , the complexity of joint range , angle and Doppler estimation can be prohibitively high .	A new approach is proposed , namely CSSF MIMO radar , which applies the technique of step frequency ( SF ) to compressive sensing ( CS ) based multi-input multi-output ( MIMO ) radar .	The proposed approach enables high resolution range , angle and Doppler estimation , while transmitting narrowband pulses .	The problem of joint angle-Doppler-range estimation is first formulated to fit the CS framework , i.e. , as an L1 optimization problem .	Direct solution of this problem entails high complexity as it employs a basis matrix whose construction requires discretization of the angle-Doppler-range space .
+3	Considering two different relations between the couplings at the gammaWW and ZWW vertices , we measure these couplings at 68 % C.L .	We present a direct measurement of trilinear gauge boson couplings at gammaWW and ZWW vertices in WW and WZ events produced in pp-bar collisions at sqrt { s } =1.96 TeV .	We consider events with one electron or muon , missing transverse energy , and at least two jets .	The data were collected using the D0 detector and correspond to 1.1/fb of integrated luminosity .	to be kappa_ { gamma } =1.07^ { +0.26 } _ { -0.29 } , lambda =0.00^ { +0.06 } _ { -0.06 } and g_ { 1 } ^ { Z } =1.04^ { +0.09 } _ { -0.09 } in a scenario respecting SU ( 2 ) _L x U ( 1 ) _Y gauge symmetry and kappa =1.04^ { +0.11 } _ { -0.11 } and lambda=0.00^ { +0.06 } _ { -0.06 } in an `` equal couplings '' scenario .
+3	As planet-planet interactions build up , some systems become dynamically unstable , leading to strong encounters and ultimately either ejections or collisions of planets .	This chapter concerns the long-term dynamical evolution of planetary systems from both theoretical and observational perspectives .	We begin by discussing the planet-planet interactions that take place within our own Solar System .	We then describe such interactions in more tightly-packed planetary systems .	After discussing the basic physical processes involved , we consider how these interactions apply to extrasolar planetary systems and explore the constraints provided by observed systems .
+3	We also find that the satellite signal tends to have the same sign as that of the planetary signal .	We investigate the characteristic of microlensing signals of Earth-like moons orbiting ice-giant planets .	From this , we find that non-negligible satellite signals occur when the planet-moon separation is similar to or greater than the Einstein radius of the planet .	We find that the satellite signal does not diminish with the increase of the planet-moon separation beyond the Einstein radius of the planet unlike the planetary signal which vanishes when the planet is located well beyond the Einstein radius of the star .	These tendencies are caused by the lensing effect of the star on the moon in addition to the effect of the planet .
+4	For 3D superconducting states with only translation symmetry , there are 256 different types of topological superconductors .	In this paper we introduce four Z_2 topological indices zeta_k=0,1 at k= ( 0,0 ) , ( 0 , pi ) , ( pi , 0 ) , ( pi , pi ) characterizing 16 universal classes of 2D superconducting states that have translation symmetry but may break any other symmetries .	The 16 classes of superconducting states are distinguished by their even/odd numbers of fermions on even-by-even , even-by-odd , odd-by-even , and odd-by-odd lattices .	As a result , the 16 classes topological superconducting states exist even for interacting systems .	For non-interacting systems , we find that zeta_k is the number of electrons on k= ( 0,0 ) , ( 0 , pi ) , ( pi , 0 ) , or ( pi , pi ) orbitals ( mod 2 ) in the ground state .
+1	A simple analytic expression for threshold electric field as a function of magnetic field is proposed .	Carrier generation by impact ionization and subsequent recombination under the influence of magnetic field has been studied for InSb slab .	Impact ionization is suppressed by magnetic field .	However , surface recombination is dependent on the polarity of magnetic field : strengthened in one direction and suppressed on the opposite direction .	The former contributes quadratic increase to threshold electric field , and the latter gives additional linear dependence on magnetic field .
+1	They are computed as the 2N point function of twist fields , by employing the partition function of the model on a particular class of Riemann surfaces .	We study the R\'enyi entropies of N disjoint intervals in the conformal field theories given by the free compactified boson and the Ising model .	The results are written in terms of Riemann theta functions .	The prediction for the free boson in the decompactification regime is checked against exact results for the harmonic chain .	For the Ising model , matrix product states computations agree with the conformal field theory result once the finite size corrections have been taken into account .
+1	Recent studies suggest that networks often exhibit hierarchical organization , where vertices divide into groups that further subdivide into groups of groups , and so forth over multiple scales .	Networks have in recent years emerged as an invaluable tool for describing and quantifying complex systems in many branches of science .	In many cases these groups are found to correspond to known functional units , such as ecological niches in food webs , modules in biochemical networks ( protein interaction networks , metabolic networks , or genetic regulatory networks ) , or communities in social networks .	Here we present a general technique for inferring hierarchical structure from network data and demonstrate that the existence of hierarchy can simultaneously explain and quantitatively reproduce many commonly observed topological properties of networks , such as right-skewed degree distributions , high clustering coefficients , and short path lengths .	We further show that knowledge of hierarchical structure can be used to predict missing connections in partially known networks with high accuracy , and for more general network structures than competing techniques .
+0	We calculate the optimal solutions of the fully heterogeneous Von Neumann expansion problem with $ N $ processes and $ P $ goods in the limit $ N\to\infty $ .	This model provides an elementary description of the growth of a production economy in the long run .	The system turns from a contracting to an expanding phase as $ N $ increases beyond $ P $ .	The solution is characterized by a universal behavior , independent of the parameters of the disorder statistics .	Associating technological innovation to an increase of $ N $ , we find that while such an increase has a large positive impact on long term growth when $ N\ll P $ , its effect on technologically advanced economies ( $ N\gg P $ ) is very weak .
+2	We then show how to estimate the abundance of virialized objects in such models .	Modifications to the gravitational potential affect the nonlinear gravitational evolution of large scale structures in the Universe .	To illustrate some generic features of such changes , we study the evolution of spherically symmetric perturbations when the modification is of Yukawa type ; this is non-trivial , because we should not and do not assume that Birkhoff 's theorem applies .	Comparison with numerical simulations shows reasonable agreement : When normalized to have the same fluctuations at early times , weaker large scale gravity produces fewer massive halos .	However , the opposite can be true for models that are normalized to have the same linear theory power spectrum today , so the abundance of rich clusters potentially places interesting constraints on such models .
+1	The frequencies of multipole density fluctuations are determined as a function of dilution and temperature , for several isotopes .	Self consistent quantum approaches are used to study the instabilities of finite nuclear systems .	The spinodal region of the phase diagrams is determined and it appears that instabilities are reduced by finite size effects .	The role of surface and volume instabilities is discussed .	It is indicated that the important chemical effects associated with mechanical disruption may lead to isospin fractionation .
+3	We observe patterns of degenerate energies in the irreducible representations of the octahedral group that correspond to the subduction of the continuum spin 5/2 or higher .	Energies for excited isospin I=1/2 and I=3/2 states that include the nucleon and Delta families of baryons are computed using quenched , anisotropic lattices .	Baryon interpolating field operators that are used include nonlocal operators that provide G_2 irreducible representations of the octahedral group .	The decomposition of spin 5/2 or higher spin states is realized for the first time in a lattice QCD calculation .	The overall pattern of low-lying excited states corresponds well to the pattern of physical states subduced to the irreducible representations of the octahedral group .
+1	In this paper we construct a four-valent lattice , the so called ruby lattice , governed by a 2-body Hamiltonian .	Topological color codes are among the stabilizer codes with remarkable properties from quantum information perspective .	In a particular regime of coupling constants , degenerate perturbation theory implies that the low energy spectrum of the model can be described by a many-body effective Hamiltonian , which encodes the color code as its ground state subspace .	The gauge symmetry $ \mathbf { Z } _ { 2 } \times\mathbf { Z } _ { 2 } $ of color code could already be realized by identifying three distinct plaquette operators on the lattice .	Plaquettes are extended to closed strings or string-net structures .
+1	The intrinsic nonlinear response is a size-independent metric that we apply to comparing classes of molecular homologues , which are made by adding repeat units to extend their lengths .	The scaling of the fundamental limits of the second hyperpolarizability is used to define the intrinsic second hyperpolarizability , which aids in identifying material classes with ultralarge nonlinear-optical response per unit of molecular size .	Several new figures of merit are proposed that quantify not only the intrinsic nonlinear response , but also how the second hyperpolarizability increases with size within a molecular class .	Scaling types can be classified into sub-scaling , nominal scaling that follows the theory of limits , and super-scaling behavior .	Super-scaling homologues that have large intrinsic nonlinearity are the most promising because they efficiently take advantage of increased size .
+3	The measurements involve air sampling in a research jet aircraft followed by chromatographic xenon extraction and ultra-low background gas counting with miniaturized proportional counters .	After the accident in the Japanese Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in March 2011 large amounts of radioactivity were released and distributed in the atmosphere .	Among them were also radioactive noble gas isotopes which can be used as tracers to test global atmospheric circulation models .	This work presents unique measurements of the radionuclide $ ^ { 133 } $ Xe from Fukushima in the upper troposphere above Germany .	With this technique a detection limit of the order of 100 $ ^ { 133 } $ Xe atoms in litre-scale air samples ( corresponding to about 100 mBq/m $ ^3 $ ) is achievable .
+1	One may distinguish between forward and backward moves , obtaining $ 32 $ different types of moves , which we call directed oriented Reidemeister moves .	Polyak proved that the set $ \ { \Omega1a , \Omega1b , \Omega2a , \Omega3a\ } $ is a minimal generating set of oriented Reidemeister moves .	In this article we prove that the set of $ 8 $ directed Polyak moves $ \ { \Omega { 1a } ^\uparrow , \Omega { 1a } ^\downarrow , \Omega { 1b } ^\uparrow , \Omega { 1b } ^\downarrow , \Omega { 2a } ^\uparrow , \Omega { 2a } ^\downarrow , \Omega { 3a } ^\uparrow , \Omega { 3a } ^\downarrow \ } $ is a minimal generating set of directed oriented Reidemeister moves .	We also specialize the problem , introducing the notion of a $ L $ -generating set for a link $ L $ .	The same set is proven to be a minimal $ L $ -generating set for any link $ L $ with at least $ 2 $ components .
+4	We then give examples for characteristic signatures at the LHC .	We consider B3 mSUGRA models where we have one lepton number violating LQD operator at the GUT scale .	This can alter the supersymmetric mass spectrum leading to a sneutrino as the lightest supersymmetric particle in a large region of parameter space .	We take into account the restrictions from neutrino masses , the muon anomalous magnetic moment , b - & gt ; s gamma and other precision measurements .	We furthermore investigate existing restrictions from direct searches at LEP , the Tevatron and the CERN p\bar p collider .
+3	By comparing with Fermi- LAT measurements , we find that the energy spectrum of the Crab pulsar does not follow a power law with an exponential cutoff , but has an additional hard component , extending up to at least 400 GeV .	We report on observations of the Crab pulsar with the MAGIC telescopes .	Our data were taken in both monoscopic ( & gt ; 25GeV ) and stereoscopic ( & gt ; 50GeV ) observation modes .	Two peaks were detected with both modes and phase-resolved energy spectra were calculated .	This suggests that the emission above 25 GeV is not dominated by curvature radiation , as suggested in the standard scenarios of the OG and SG models .
+0	We employ polarization-shaped ultrafast optical pulses to generate photocurrents which only arise if the optically induced coherent polarization is frequency modulated .	This frequency modulation is obtained via detuned excitation of light-hole excitons in ( 110 ) -oriented GaAs quantum wells .	The observed photocurrents vanish for resonant excitation of excitons and reverse their direction with a change of the sign of detuning .	Moreover , the currents do not exist for continuous-wave excitation .	Our work reveals the existence of a new class of photocurrents and visualizes the complexity of current response tensors .
+0	We present an update on the calculation of matrix elements of iso-vector scalar , axial and tensor charges between a neutron and a proton state .	These matrix elements are needed to probe novel scalar and tensor interactions in neutron beta-decay that can arise in extensions of the Standard Model at the TeV scale .	Our calculations are being done using valence clover fermions on dynamical N_f=2+1+1 HISQ configurations generated by the MILC Collaboration .	We provide preliminary estimates of the dependence of these matrix elements on the light quark masses , lattice spacing , and the time separation between the source and sink of the nucleons .	We also find that the renormalization constants calculated using the RI-sMOM scheme are close to unity for the HYP smeared HISQ lattices .
+4	Inverting a deep network trained on ImageNet provides several insights into the properties of the feature representation learned by the network .	Feature representations , both hand-designed and learned ones , are often hard to analyze and interpret , even when they are extracted from visual data .	We propose a new approach to study image representations by inverting them with an up-convolutional neural network .	We apply the method to shallow representations ( HOG , SIFT , LBP ) , as well as to deep networks .	For shallow representations our approach provides significantly better reconstructions than existing methods , revealing that there is surprisingly rich information contained in these features .
+1	Detailed fits to the line profiles of the absorption from C I , C I* , and C I** yield consistent column densities for the 3 -- 6 C I multiplets detected in each sight line .	We discuss the thermal pressures ( $ n_H T $ ) in predominantly cold , neutral interstellar gas in the Magellanic Clouds , derived from analyses of the fine-structure excitation of neutral carbon , as seen in high-resolution HST/STIS spectra of seven diverse sight lines in the LMC and SMC .	In the LMC and SMC , $ N $ ( C I $ _ { \rm tot } $ ) is consistent with Galactic trends versus $ N $ ( Na I ) and $ N $ ( CH ) , but is slightly lower versus $ N $ ( K I ) and $ N $ ( H $ _2 $ ) .	As for $ N $ ( Na I ) and $ N $ ( K I ) , $ N $ ( C I $ _ { \rm tot } $ ) is generally significantly lower , for a given $ N $ ( H $ _ { \rm tot } $ ) , in the LMC and ( especially ) in the SMC , compared to the local Galactic relationship .	For the LMC and SMC components with well determined column densities for C I , C I* , and C I** , the derived thermal pressures are typically factors of a few higher than the values found for most cold , neutral clouds in the Galactic ISM .
+2	A number of solutions have been proposed in the past few years to protect users location information while still allowing them to enjoy geo-located services .	With the wide adoption of handheld devices ( e.g.smartphones , tablets ) a large number of location-based services ( also called LBSs ) have flourished providing mobile users with real-time and contextual information on the move .	Accounting for the amount of location information they are given by users , these services are able to track users wherever they go and to learn sensitive information about them ( e.g.their points of interest including home , work , religious or political places regularly visited ) .	Among the most robust solutions are those that apply the popular notion of differential privacy to location privacy ( e.g.Geo-Indistinguishability ) , promising strong theoretical privacy guarantees with a bounded accuracy loss .	While these theoretical guarantees are attracting , it might be difficult for end users or practitioners to assess their effectiveness in the wild .
+2	We discuss below the existence , the uniqueness and the stability of the weak solution $ u $ of the problem ( P ) .	In the present paper we investigate the following semilinear singular elliptic problem : \begin { equation* } ( \rm P ) \qquad \left \ { \begin { array } { l } -\Delta u = \dfrac { p ( x ) } { u^ { \alpha } } \quad \text { in } \Omega \\ u = 0\ \text { on } \Omega , \ u & gt ; 0 \text { on } \Omega , \end { array } \right .	\end { equation* } where $ \Omega $ is a regular bounded domain of $ \mathbb R^ { N } $ , $ \alpha\in\mathbb R $ , $ p\in C ( \Omega ) $ which behaves as $ d ( x ) ^ { -\beta } $ as $ x\to\partial\Omega $ with $ d $ the distance function up to the boundary and $ 0\leq \beta & lt ; 2 $ .	We also prove accurate estimates on the gradient of the solution near the boundary $ \partial \Omega $ .	Consequently , we can prove that the solution belongs to $ W^ { 1 , q { \S } } _0 ( \Omega ) $ for $ 1 & lt ; q & lt ; \bar { q } _ { \alpha , \beta } \eqdef\frac { 1+\alpha } { \alpha+\beta-1 } $ optimal if $ \alpha+\beta & gt ; 1 $ .
+1	We explore the cosmological degradation vs the size of the spectroscopic survey required to calibrate the photo-z probability distribution .	Weak gravitational lensing surveys using photometric redshifts can have their cosmological constraints severely degraded by errors in the photo-z scale .	Previous work has assumed a simple Gaussian distribution of photo-z errors ; here we describe a method for constraining an arbitrary parametric photo-z error model .	As an example we allow the photo-z probability distribution to be the sum of $ N_g $ Gaussians .	To limit cosmological degradation to a fixed level , photo-z models with multiple Gaussians require up to 5 times larger calibration sample than one would estimate from assuming a single-Gaussian model .
+3	The sensitivity analysis is performed on $ s ( x ) $ , which is an lieu of $ f ( x ) $ .	In this paper , we focus on developing efficient sensitivity analysis methods for a computationally expensive objective function $ f ( x ) $ in the case that the minimization of it has just been performed .	Here `` computationally expensive '' means that each of its evaluation takes significant amount of time , and therefore our main goal to use a small number of function evaluations of $ f ( x ) $ to further infer the sensitivity information of these different parameters .	Correspondingly , we consider the optimization procedure as an adaptive experimental design and re-use its available function evaluations as the initial design points to establish a surrogate model $ s ( x ) $ ( or called response surface ) .	Furthermore , we propose a new local multivariate sensitivity measure , for example , around the optimal solution , for high dimensional problems .
+4	We have considered the outer np- and subvalent ns-subshells for Ne , Ar , Kr and Xe noble gas atoms .	We discuss the complicated resonance structure of the endohedral atom photoionization cross section .	Very strong enhancement and interference patterns in the photoionization cross-section of the valent and subvalent subshells of noble gas endohedral atoms A @ C60 are demonstrated .	It is shown also that the atomic Giant resonance can be either completely destroyed or remains almost untouched depending on the velocity of photoelectrons that are emitted in the resonance 's decay process .	These effects are results of dynamic modification of the incoming beam of radiation due to polarization of the fullerenes electron shell and reflection of photoelectrons be the fullerenes shell static potential .
+3	In this form , comparison with Wolynes ' quantum instanton method [ P. G. Wolynes , J. Chem.Phys .	We take the golden-rule instanton method derived in the previous paper [ arXiv:1509.04919 ] and reformulate it using a ring-polymer approach .	This gives equations which can be used to compute the rates of electron-transfer reactions in the nonadiabatic ( golden-rule ) limit numerically within a semiclassical approximation .	The multidimensional ring-polymer instanton trajectories are obtained efficiently by minimization of the action .	87 , 6559 ( 1987 ) ] is possible and we show that our semiclassical approach is the steepest-descent limit of this method .
+4	Our use of ABCs circumvents the demanding task of explicitly calculating the leads ' self-energies from surface Green 's functions , and is expected to be more accurate than the use of the jellium approximation .	We present a real-space method for first-principles nano-scale electronic transport calculations .	We use the non-equilibrium Green 's function method with density functional theory and implement absorbing boundary conditions ( ABCs , also known as complex absorbing potentials , or CAPs ) to represent the effects of the semi-infinite leads .	In real space , the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian matrix is highly sparse .	As a result , the transport problem parallelizes naturally and can scale favorably with system size , enabling the computation of conductance in relatively large molecular junction models .
+1	It is a blackbody at 2.73 K , and is almost perfectly isotropic , the anisotropies being about one part to 100,000 .	The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is the oldest photon radiation that can be observed , having been emitted when the Universe was about 300,000 year old .	However , these anisotropies , detected by the COBE satellite in 1992 , constrain the cosmological parameters such as the curvature of the Universe .	Archeops is a balloon-borne experiment designed to map these anisotropies .	The instrument is composed of a 1.5 m telescope and bolometers cooled at 85 mK to detect radiation between 150 and 550 GHz .
+4	A factor in the integrand of the flux , which originates from the CP violation , is very sensitive to the functional form of the CP-violating phase .	By treating CP-violating interaction as a perturbative term , we solved in a previous paper the Dirac equation in the background of electroweak bubble wall , and obtained the transmission and reflection coefficients for a chiral fermion incident from the symmetric-phase region .	We give the transmission and reflection coefficients under the other boundary condition , that is , the case of the fermion incident from the broken-phase region .	There hold the respective sets of unitarity relations and also reciprocity relations among them .	These relations enable us to obtain a simple form of quantum-number flux through the bubble wall , which is the first order quantity of the CP violation .
+1	It does for non-Gaussian theories what the angular power spectrum $ C_\ell $ does for Gaussian theories .	We present a new tool for relating theory and experiment suited for non-Gaussian theories : non-Gaussian spectra .	We then show how previous studies of cosmic strings have over rated their non-Gaussian signature .	More realistic maps are not visually stringy .	However non-Gaussian spectra will accuse their stringiness .
+4	Under laboratory conditions , measurement precision of about 50 nm was achieved for absolute distances ranging from 0.1 meters to 0.7 meters by using the first multiple-distance-measurement technique .	In this paper , we report high-precision absolute distance and vibration measurements performed with frequency scanned interferometry using a pair of single-mode optical fibers .	Absolute distance was determined by counting the interference fringes produced while scanning the laser frequency .	A high-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer was used to determine frequency changes during scanning .	Two multiple-distance-measurement analysis techniques were developed to improve distance precision and to extract the amplitude and frequency of vibrations .
+1	However , the study of such transitions is often hindered by the fact that they are difficult to repeat , or they occur very rapidly .	The temporal evolution of systems undergoing symmetry breaking phase transitions ( SBTs ) is of great fundamental interest not only in condensed matter physics , but extends from cosmology to brain function and finance \cite { topology , Kibble , Eltsov , Finance } .	Here we report for the first time on a high-time-resolution study of the evolution of both bosonic and fermionic excitations through a second order electronic charge-ordering SBT in a condensed matter system .	Using a new three-pulse femtosecond spectroscopy technique , we periodically quench our model system into the high-symmetry state , detecting hitherto unrecorded coherent aperiodic undulations of the order parameter ( OP ) , critical slowing down of the collective mode , and evolution of the particle-hole gap appearing through the Peierls-BCS mechanism as the system evolves through the transition .	Numerical modeling based on Ginzburg-Landau theory is used to reproduce the observations without free parameters .
+2	Our findings coincide with the results of a recent analysis using kinetic theory in the bulk of the material .	We present a field theoretical model of anomalous transport in Weyl semi-metals .	We calculate the Chiral Magnetic and Chiral Vortical Effect in the electric , axial ( valley ) and energy current .	We point out that the kinetic currents have to be identified with the covariant currents in quantum field theory .	These currents are anomalous and the CME appears as anomalous charge creation/annihilation at the edges of the Weyl semi-metal .
+2	The generic 3-point functions of W-descendant fields have a countable degree of arbitrariness .	We consider 3-point and 4-point correlation functions in a conformal field theory with a W-algebra symmetry .	Whereas in a theory with only Virasoro symmetry the three point functions of descendants fields are uniquely determined by the three point function of the corresponding primary fields this is not the case for a theory with $ W_3 $ algebra symmetry .	We find , however , that if one of the fields belongs to a representation with null states that this has implications for the 3-point functions .	In particular if one of the representations is doubly-degenerate then the 3-point function is determined up to an overall constant .
+4	Because of increase in usage of web , size of web log files is increasing at a much faster rate .	The World Wide Web is the most wide known information source that is easily available and searchable .	It consists of billions of interconnected documents Web pages are authored by millions of people .	Accesses made by various users to pages are recorded inside web logs .	These log files exist in various formats .
+3	Our calculations show that a black hole-accretion disk system with black hole mass $ M \simeq 3.66 M_\odot $ , accretion rate $ \dot { M } \simeq 0.54 M_\odot \rm s^ { -1 } $ , spin parameter $ a=0.9 $ and viscosity parameter $ \alpha=0.01 $ may drive a precessed jet with period P=1 s and luminosity $ L=10^ { 51 } $ erg s $ ^ { -1 } $ , corresponding to the scenario for long GRBs .	A model of jet precession driven by a neutrino-cooled disc around a spinning black hole is present in order to explain the temporal structure and spectral evolution of gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) .	The differential rotation of the outer part of a neutrino dominated accretion disc may result in precession of the inner part of the disc and the central black hole , hence drives a precessed jet via neutrino annihilation around the inner part of the disc .	Both analytic and numeric results for our model are present .	A precessed jet with $ P=0.1 $ s and $ L=10^ { 50 } $ erg s $ ^ { -1 } $ may be powered by a system with $ M \simeq 5.59 M_\odot $ , $ \dot { M } \simeq 0.74 M_\odot \rm s^ { -1 } $ , $ a=0.1 $ , and $ \alpha=0.01 $ , possibly being responsible for the short GRBs .
+1	However , it is a critical question to understand the mathematical principle underlying the algorithm .	The normalized min-sum algorithm can achieve near-optimal performance at decoding LDPC codes .	Traditionally , people thought that the normalized min-sum algorithm is a good approximation to the sum-product algorithm , the best known algorithm for decoding LDPC codes and Turbo codes .	This paper offers an alternative approach to understand the normalized min-sum algorithm .	The algorithm is derived directly from cooperative optimization , a newly discovered general method for global/combinatorial optimization .
+1	Within this framework we find that there is still a subset of possible Lagrangians that give selfaccelerating solutions with stable spherically symmetric solutions .	In this paper we start from the original formulation of the galileon model with the original choice for couplings to gravity .	This is a certain constrained subset of the third order galileon which has not been explored before .	We develop and explore the background cosmological evolution of this model drawing intuition from other even more restricted galileon models .	The numerical results confirm the presence of selfacceleration , but also reveals a possible instability with respect to galileon perturbations .
+2	In the present paper the conditions that characterize canal hypersurfaces , and which were known earlier , are made more precise .	The geometry of canal hypersurfaces of an n-dimensional conformal space C^n is studied .	Such hypersurfaces are envelopes of r-parameter families of hyperspheres , 1 \leq r \leq n-2 .	The main attention is given to the study of the Darboux maps of canal hypersurfaces in the de Sitter space M_1^ { n+1 } and the projective space P^ { n+1 } .	To canal hypersurfaces there correspond r-dimensional spacelike tangentially nondegenerate submanifolds in M_1^ { n+1 } and tangentially degenerate hypersurfaces of rank r in P^ { n+1 } .
+4	Specifically , we assume an unlimited resource of qubits and ask what the steady state rate at which `large ' clusters are prepared from this resource is , given an entangling gate with particular characteristics .	The cluster state model for quantum computation has paved the way for schemes that allow scalable quantum computing , even when using non-deterministic quantum gates .	Here the initial step is to prepare a large entangled state using non-deterministic gates .	A key question in this context is the relative efficiencies of different `strategies ' , i.e.in what order should the non-deterministic gates be applied , in order to maximize the size of the resulting cluster states ?	In this paper we consider this issue in the context of `large ' cluster states .
+0	Abell 1767 is a dynamically relaxed , cD cluster of galaxies with a redshift of 0.0703 .	Among 250 spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies within a projected radius of 2.5r_ { 200 } , 243 galaxies ( ~ 97 % ) are spectroscopically covered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) .	Based on this homogeneous spectral sample , the stellar evolutionary synthesis code , STARLIGHT , is applied to investigate the stellar populations and star formation histories ( SFHs ) of cluster galaxies .	The star formation properties of galaxies , such as mean stellar ages , metallicities , stellar masses , and star formation rates ( SFRs ) , are presented as the functions of local galaxy density .	Strong environmental effect is found in the manner that massive galaxies in the high-density core region of cluster tend to have higher metallicities , longer mean stellar ages , and lower specific star formation rates ( SSFRs ) , and their recent star formation activities have been remarkably suppressed .
+0	We describe an algorithm for the generation of relativistic kinematics for collision and decay processes with multiparticle final states .	In the framework of this algorithm it is possible to generate different kinematics covering most of practically interesting cases .	One gets a possibility to introduce different sets of integration variables .	As a result different sets of kinematical singularities can be regularized .	To smooth sharp peaks some regularization formulas and procedures are used covering most typical cases .
+4	We incrementally construct a specification ( precondition and postcondition ) based on semantic feedback generated from these use cases .	The problem of writing a specification which accurately reflects the intent of the developer has long been recognized as fundamental .	We propose a method and a supporting tool to write and check a specification and an implementation using a set of use cases , \ie input-output pairs that the developer supplies .	These are instances of both good ( correct ) and bad ( incorrect ) behavior .	We assume that the use cases are accurate , as it is easier to generate use cases than to write an accurate specification .
+2	Normal universal metallic behavior in the semiclassical regime is controlled by the presence of a Fabry-Perot singularity in the average density of transmission eigenvalues .	Quantum transport through devices coupled to electron reservoirs can be described in terms of the full counting statistics ( FCS ) of charge transfer .	Transport observables , such as conductance and shot-noise power are just cumulants of FCS and can be obtained from the sample 's average density of transmission eigenvalues , which in turn can be obtained from a finite element representation of the saddle-point equation of the Keldysh ( or supersymmetric ) non-linear sigma-model , known as quantum circuit theory .	We present general conditions for the suppression of Fabry-Perot modes in the semiclassical regime in a sample of arbitrary shape , a disordered conductor or a network of ballistic quantum dots , which leads to an anomalous metallic phase .	Through a double-scaling limit , we derive a scaling equation for anomalous metallic transport , in the form of a nonlinear differential equation , which generalizes the ballistic-diffusive scaling equation of a normal metal .
+2	In this paper we address this problem in its simple case , an homogeneous chain except for a single different base pair , what we call a base-pair inhomogeneity , and its effect on charge transport .	Some recent results for a three -- dimensional , semi -- classical , tight -- binding model for DNA show that there are two types of polarons , named radial and twist polarons , that can transport charge along the DNA molecule .	However , the existence of two types of base pairs in real DNA , makes it crucial to find out if charge transport also exist in DNA chains with different base pairs .	Radial polarons experience either reflection or trapping .	However , twist polarons are good candidates for charge transport along real DNA .
+0	We investigate the leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes for the pion and kaon , based on the nonlocal chiral quark model from the instanton vacuum .	Effects of explicit flavor SU ( 3 ) -symmetry breaking are taken into account .	The Gegenbauer moments are computed , analyzed and compared with those of other models .	The one-loop QCD evolution of the moments is briefly discussed .	The transverse momentum distributions are also discussed for the pion and kaon light-cone wave functions .
+1	We refined the orbital period to be 0.17544251 ( 5 ) d. The fading portion of the outburst was indistinguishable from those of typical dwarf novae with similar orbital periods .	We observed the ROSAT-selected eclipsing dwarf nova GY Cnc ( =RX J0909.8+1849 ) during the 2001 November outburst .	However , the signature of orbital humps ( or a hot spot ) was far less prominently observed in the orbital light curves and eclipse profiles than in usual dwarf novae with similar orbital periods .	The combination of low frequency of outbursts and the apparent lack of slowly rising , long outbursts in GY Cnc is difficult to reconcile within the standard framework of dwarf novae .	We suspect that GY Cnc may be the first above-the-gap counterpart of unusual eclipsing dwarf novae HT Cas and IR Com .
+0	This paper considers a system where one transmitter broadcasts a single common message to two receivers linked by a bidirectional cooperation channel , which is assumed to be orthogonal to the downlink channel .	Assuming a simplified setup where , in particular , scalar relaying protocols are used and channel coding is not exploited , we want to provide elements of response to several questions of practical interest .	Here are the main underlying issues : 1 .	The way of recombining the signals at the receivers ; 2 .	The optimal number of cooperation rounds ; 3 .
+0	The present paper focuses on the order-disorder transition of an Ising model on a self-similar lattice .	We present a detailed numerical study , based on the Monte Carlo method in conjunction with the finite size scaling method , of the critical properties of the Ising model on some two dimensional deterministic fractal lattices with different Hausdorff dimensions .	Those with finite ramification order do not display ordered phases at any finite temperature , whereas the lattices with infinite connectivity show genuine critical behavior .	In particular we considered two Sierpinski carpets constructed using different generators and characterized by Hausdorff dimensions d_H=log 8/log 3 = 1.8927.. and d_H=log 12/log 4 = 1.7924.. , respectively .	The data show in a clear way the existence of an order-disorder transition at finite temperature in both Sierpinski carpets .
+1	Both sources of the FCNC , the CKM matrix and off-diagonal entries of the sfermion mass matrices are considered .	We present the results of the complete one-loop computation of the $ B^0_ { d , s } \to l^+l^- $ decay rate in the MSSM .	Strong enhancement of the branching ratio ( compared to the SM prediction ) can be obtained in the large $ \tan\beta\sim m_t/m_b $ regime in which the neutral Higgs boson `` penguin '' diagrams dominate .	We make explicit the strong dependence of this enhancement on the top squarks mixing angle in the case of the chargino contribution and on the $ \mu $ parameter in the case of the gluino contribution .	We show that , in some regions of the MSSM parametre space , the branching ratio for this process can be as large as $ 10^ { - ( 5-4 ) } $ respecting all existing constraints , including the CLEO measurement of $ BR ( B\to X_s\gamma ) $ .
+3	On the other hand , physically-based methods use Navier-Stokes Equations ( NSE ) to represent breaking waves and more generally ocean surface near the shore .	This paper presents a survey of ocean simulation and rendering methods in computer graphics .	To model and animate the ocean 's surface , these methods mainly rely on two main approaches : on the one hand , those which approximate ocean dynamics with parametric , spectral or hybrid models and use empirical laws from oceanographic research .	We will see that this type of methods essentially allows the simulation of ocean scenes in the deep water domain , without breaking waves .	We also describe ocean rendering methods in computer graphics , with a special interest in the simulation of phenomena such as foam and spray , and light 's interaction with the ocean surface .
+0	We present the first large-scale , full radiative transfer simulations of the reionization of the intergalactic medium in the presence of Lyman-limit systems ( LLSs ) .	To illustrate the impact of LLS opacity , possibly missed by previous simulations , we add either a uniform or spatially-varying hydrogen bound-free opacity .	This opacity , implemented as the mean free path ( mfp ) of the ionizing photons , extrapolates the observed , post-reionization redshift dependence into the epoch of reionization .	In qualitative agreement with previous studies , we find that at late times the presence of LLSs slows down the ionization fronts , and alters the size distribution of H II regions .	We quantitatively characterize the size distribution and morphological evolution of H II regions and examine the effects of the LLSs on the redshifted 21-cm signal from the patchy reionization .
+0	We discuss the analysis of polarization experiments with particular emphasis on those that measure the Stokes parameters on a ring on the sky .	We discuss the ability of these experiments to separate the $ E $ and $ B $ contributions to the polarization signal .	The experiment being developed at Wisconsin university is studied in detail , it will be sensitive to both Stokes parameters and will concentrate on large scale polarization , scanning a $ 47^o $ degree ring .	We will also consider another example , an experiment that measures one of the Stokes parameters in a $ 1^o $ ring .	We find that the small ring experiment will be able to detect cosmological polarization for some models consistent with the current temperature anisotropy data , for reasonable integration times .
+4	The Principle of Open Induction in Cantor space implies the Fan Theorem , but , conversely the Fan Theorem does not prove the Principle of Open Induction on Cantor space .	The paper is a contribution to intuitionistic reverse mathematics .	We work in a weak formal system for intuitionistic analysis .	The Principle of Open Induction on Cantor space is the statement that every open subset of Cantor space that is progressive with respect to the lexicographical ordering of Cantor space coincides with Cantor space .	The Approximate-Fan Theorem is an extension of the Fan Theorem that follows from Brouwer 's principle of induction on bars in Baire space and implies the Principle of Open Induction on Cantor space .
+1	In this model , the environment is controlled by a benevolent helper who can set its initial state such as to assist sender and receiver of the communication link .	We initiate the study of passive environment-assisted communication via a quantum channel , modeled as a unitary interaction between the information carrying system and an environment .	( The case of a malicious environment , also known as jammer , or arbitrarily varying channel , is essentially well-understood and comprehensively reviewed . )	Here , after setting out precise definitions , focussing on the problem of quantum communication , we show that entanglement plays a crucial role in this problem : indeed , the assisted capacity where the helper is restricted to product states between channel uses is different from the one with unrestricted helper .	Furthermore , prior shared entanglement between the helper and the receiver makes a difference , too .
+0	The enigmatic cuprate superconductors have attracted resurgent interest with several recent reports and discussions of competing orders in the underdoped side .	Motivated by this , here we address the natural question of fragility of the d-wave superconducting state in underdoped cuprates .	Using a combination of theoretical approaches we study t-J like models , and discover an - as yet unexplored - instability that is brought about by an `` internal '' ( anti-symmetric mode ) fluctuation of the d-wave state .	This new theoretical result is in good agreement with recent STM and ARPES studies of cuprates .	We also suggest experimental directions to uncover this physics .
+2	Compared with previous studies based on an Effective Potential Approach , we identify mass regions where the discovery potential depends on the MSSM parameters other than the top and stop masses .	New mass regions unexcluded by direct searches are revealed by an analysis of experimental results from LEP1 using full 1-loop diagrammatic calculations of radiative corrections in the MSSM .	Simulations of experimental signal efficiencies and background rejection factors , and full 1-loop calculations are combined to study the sensitivity for neutral Higgs bosons at LEP2 and the NLC .	We propose our method of interpretation to be adopted by the four LEP experiments for better precision .	The possibility of the experimental distinction between the Higgs boson in the MSM and the lightest Higgs boson in the MSSM is discussed for the NLC .
+0	We investigate DNA breathing dynamics by suggesting and examining several different Brownian functionals associated with bubble lifetime and reactivity .	Bubble dynamics is described as an overdamped random walk in the number of broken base pairs .	The walk takes place on the Poland-Scheraga free energy landscape .	We suggest several probability distribution functions that characterize the breathing process , and adopt the recently studied backward Fokker-Planck method and the path decomposition method as elegant and flexible tools for deriving these distributions .	In particular , for a bubble of an initial size $ x_0 $ , we derive analytical expressions for ( i ) the distribution $ P ( t_f|x_0 ) $ of the first-passage time $ t_f $ , characterizing the bubble lifetime , ( ii ) the distribution $ P ( A|x_0 ) $ of the area $ A $ till the first-passage time , providing information about the effective reactivity of the bubble to processes within the DNA , ( iii ) the distribution $ P ( M ) $ of the maximum bubble size $ M $ attained before the first-passage time , and ( iv ) the joint probability distribution $ P ( M , t_m ) $ of the maximum bubble size $ M $ and the time $ t_m $ of its occurrence before the first-passage time .
+2	The values of $ K_ { \nu } $ are independent of boundary conditions , but the representation of the critical exponents in terms of these $ K_ { \nu } $ depends on boundary conditions .	We show that one-dimensional quantum systems with gapless degrees of freedom and open boundary conditions form a new universality class of quantum critical behavior , which we propose to call `` bounded Luttinger liquids '' .	They share the following properties with ordinary ( periodic ) Luttinger liquids : absence of fermionic quasi-particle excitations , charge-spin separation , anomalous power-law correlations with exponents whose scaling relations are parametrized by a single coupling constant per degree of freedom , $ K_ { \nu } $ .	We illustrate these scaling relations by exploring general rules for boundary critical exponents derived earlier using the Bethe Ansatz solution of the 1D Hubbard model together with boundary conformal field theory , and the theory of Luttinger liquids in finite-size systems .	We apply this theory to the photoemission properties of the organic conductors $ ( TMTSF ) _2X $ , and discuss to what extent the assumption of finite strands with open boundaries at the sample surface can reconcile the experimental results with independent information on the Luttinger liquid state in these materials .
+4	$ D^\ast ( 2760 ) $ and $ D_ { sJ } ^\ast ( 2860 ) ^\pm $ are possible the $ 1^3D_3 $ $ D $ and $ D_s $ , respectively .	Possible $ 2S $ and $ 1D $ excited $ D $ and $ D_s $ states are studied , the charmed states $ D ( 2550 ) ^0 $ , $ D^\ast ( 2600 ) $ , $ D ( 2750 ) ^0 $ and $ D^\ast ( 2760 ) $ newly observed by the BaBar Collaboration are analyzed .	The masses of these states are explored within the Regge trajectory phenomenology , and the strong decay widths are computed through the method proposed by Eichten { \it et al . } \cite { Eichten } .	Both the mass and the decay width indicate that $ D ( 2550 ) ^0 $ is a good candidate of $ 2^1S_0 $ .	$ D^\ast ( 2600 ) $ and $ D_ { s1 } ^\ast ( 2700 ) ^\pm $ are very possible the admixtures of $ 2^3S_1 $ and $ 1^3D_1 $ with $ J^P=1^- $ and a mixing angle $ \phi\approx 19^0 $ .
+3	In this paper , we show that the 2-point correlation function of maxima of a homogeneous and isotropic Gaussian random field can be thought of , up to second order at least , as arising from a local bias expansion formulated in terms of rotationally invariant variables .	Maxima of the linear density field form a point process that can be used to understand the spatial distribution of virialized halos that collapsed from initially overdense regions .	However , owing to the peak constraint , clustering statistics of discrete density peaks are difficult to evaluate .	For this reason , local bias schemes have received considerably more attention in the literature thus far .	This expansion relies on a unique smoothing scale , which is the Lagrangian radius of dark matter halos .
+3	The computational cost of using JE is not less than other commonly used methods such as Thermodynamic Integration and Umbrella Sampling methods .	Jarzynski 's equality ( JE ) allows us to compute free energy differences from distributions of work .	In molecular dynamics simulations , the traditional way of constructing work distributions is to perform as many pulling simulations as possible .	But reliable work distributions are not always produced in a finite number of simulations .	Here we first show a different proof of JE based on the idea of step-wise pulling procedures that is efficient in computing free energies by using JE .
+1	The master equations are in the form of Lindblad generators , with imposed constraints that the dissipations be strictly linear ( i.e.ohmic ) , isotropic and translationally invariant .	We construct model master equations for local quantum dissipation .	A particular form for is chosen to satisfy the constraints .	The resulting master equations are given in both the Schr\ '' odinger and Heisenberg forms .	We obtain fluctuation-dissipation relations , and discuss the relaxation of average kinetic energy to effective thermal equilibrium values .
+1	Understanding the role of interstellar magnetic fields and studying the newborn stellar population is crucial to build a consistent picture of the physical processes acting on this kind of environment .	The RCW41 star-forming region is embedded within the Vela Molecular Ridge , hosting a massive stellar cluster surrounded by a conspicuous HII region .	We have carried out a detailed study of the interstellar polarization toward RCW41 , with data from an optical and near-infrared polarimetric survey .	Additionally , deep near-infrared images from the NTT 3.5m telescope have been used to study the photometric properties of the embedded young stellar cluster , revealing several YSO 's candidates .	By using a set of pre-main sequence isochrones , a mean cluster age in the range 2.5 - 5.0 million years was determined , and evidence of sequential star formation were revealed .
+0	The purpose of this work is to present some basic concepts about the non-linear sigma model in a simple and direct way .	We start with showing the bosonic model and the Wess-Zumino-Witten term , making some comments about its topological nature , and its association with the torsion .	It is also shown that to cancel the quantum conformal anomaly the model should obey the Einstein equations .	We provide a quick introduction about supersymmetry in chapter 2 to help the understanding the supersymmetric extension of the model .	In the last chapter we present the supersymmetric model and its equations of motion .
+4	At sufficiently low accretion rates , magnetic reconnection can enhance the magnetospheric plasma entry rate , resulting in copious production of X-ray photons , strong Compton cooling and ultimately in unstable accretion of the entire shell .	At steady low-luminosity states , Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients ( SFXTs ) can be at the stage of quasi-spherical settling accretion onto slowly rotating magnetized NS from the OB-companion winds .	At this stage , a hot quasi-static shell is formed above the magnetosphere , the plasma entry rate into magnetosphere is controlled by ( inefficient ) radiative plasma cooling , and the accretion rate onto the NS is suppressed by a factor of \sim 30 relative to the Bondi-Hoyle-Littleton value .	Changes in the local wind velocity and density can only slightly increase the mass accretion rate ( a factor of \sim 10 ) bringing the system into the Compton cooling dominated regime and led to the production of moderately bright flares ( L_x\lesssim 10^ { 36 } erg/s ) .	To interpret the brightest flares ( L_x & gt ; 10^ { 36 } ~erg/s ) displayed by the SFXTs , we propose that a larger increase in the mass accretion rate can be produced by sporadic capture of magnetized stellar wind plasma .
+3	This is done by using a statistical thermal freeze-out model which incorporates the rapidity ( collision ) axis as well as transverse direction boosts developed within an expanding hot and dense hadronic fluid ( fireball ) till the final freeze-out .	We attempt to describe the rapidity distribution of P , P-bar , K+ and K- for the most central Au+Au collisions at root ( sNN ) of 62.4 GeV,130 GeV and 200 GeV .	The transverse momentum spectra of strange as well as non-strange hadrons e.g.P , P-bar , K+ , K- , Lambda , Lambda-bar , Cascade , Cascade-bar and ( Omega + Omega-bar ) are studied for the whole centrality classes at all the three RHIC energies .	The experimental data of the transverse momentum spectra and the rapidity distributions are well reproduced .	We determine the thermo-chemical freeze-out conditions particularly in terms of temperature , baryon chemical potential and collective flow effect parameters for different particle species .
+4	As the structural distortion is suppressed , the long-range magnetic order is gradually transformed into a two-dimensional order .	The anisotropic triangular lattice of the crednerite system Cu ( Mn1-xCux ) O2 is used as a basic model for studying the influence of spin disorder on the ground state properties of a two-dimensional frustrated antiferromagnet .	Neutron diffraction measurements show that the undoped phase ( x=0 ) undergoes a transition to antiferromagnetic long-range order that is stabilized by a frustration-relieving structural distortion .	Small deviation from the stoichiometric composition alters the magnetoelastic characteristics and reduces the effective dimensionality of the magnetic lattice .	Upon increasing the doping level , the interlayer coupling changes from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic .
+1	The very good agreement between experimental and ab-initio calculations on the Zn K-edge XANES region clearly show the large Zn2+ ( A ) -- Zn2+ [ B ] transference that takes place in addition to the well-identified Fe3+ [ B ] -- Fe3+ ( A ) one , without altering the long-range structural order .	The non-equilibrium cation site occupancy in nanosized zinc ferrites ( 6-13 nm ) with different degree of inversion ( 0.2 to 0.4 ) was investigated using Fe and Zn K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy XANES and EXAFS , and magnetic measurements .	XANES spectra features as a function of the spinel inversion were shown to depend on the configuration of the ligand shells surrounding the absorbing atom .	This XANES approach provides a direct way to sense cationic inversion in these spinel compounds .	We also demonstrated that a mechanical crystallization takes place on nanocrystalline spinel that causes an increase of both grain and magnetic sizes and , simultaneously , generates a significant augment of the inversion .
+2	Density functional theory and tight-binding calculations reveal a band inversion among the Bi-p orbits driven by the strong intrinsic spin-orbit coupling , producing a large nontrivial band gap , which can be effectively tuned by moderate strains .	Topological insulators ( TIs ) exhibit novel physics with great promise for new devices , but considerable challenges remain to identify TIs with high structural stability and large nontrivial band gap suitable for practical applications .	Here we predict by first-principles calculations a two-dimensional ( 2D ) TI , also known as a quantum spin Hall ( QSH ) insulator , in a tetragonal bismuth bilayer ( TB-Bi ) structure that is dynamically and thermally stable based on phonon calculations and finite-temperature molecular dynamics simulations .	The helical gapless edge states exhibit a linear dispersion with a high Fermi velocity comparable to that of graphene , and the QSH phase remains robust on a NaCl substrate .	These remarkable properties place TB-Bi among the most promising 2D TIs for high-speed spintronic devices , and the present results provide insights into the intriguing QSH phenomenon in this new Bi structure and offer guidance for its implementation in potential applications .
+1	Most striking has been the competition between , and even coexistence of , antiferromagnetism and superconductivity .	The rare earth nickel borocarbides , with the generic formula $ R $ Ni $ _ { 2 } $ B $ _ { 2 } $ C , have recently been shown to display a rich variety of phenomena .	We have measured the Fermi surface ( FS ) of LuNi $ _ { 2 } $ B $ _ { 2 } $ C , and shown that it possesses nesting features capable of explaining some of the phenomena experimentally observed .	In particular , it had previously been conjectured that a particular sheet of FS is responsible for the modulated magnetic structures manifest in some of the series .	We report the first direct experimental observation of this sheet .
+0	We propose a uniform way of defining for every logic $ { \sf L } $ intermediate between intuitionistic and classical logics , the corresponding intermediate minimal tense logic $ { \sf LK_t } $ .	This is done by building the fusion of two copies of intermediate logic with a Galois connection $ { \sf LGC } $ , and then interlinking their operators by two Fischer Servi axioms .	The resulting system is called here $ { \sf L2GC { + } FS } $ .	In the cases of intuitionistic logic $ { \sf Int } $ and classical logic $ { \sf Cl } $ , it is noted that $ { \sf Int2GC { + } FS } $ is syntactically equivalent to intuitionistic minimal tense logic $ { \sf IK_t } $ by W. B. Ewald and $ { \sf Cl2GC { + } FS } $ equals classical minimal tense logic $ { \sf K_t } $ .	This justifies to consider $ { \sf L2GC { + } FS } $ as minimal $ { \sf L } $ -tense logic $ { \sf LK_t } $ for any intermediate logic $ { \sf L } $ .
+4	In this paper , our calculations suggest that the highly damped quasinormal modes of Kerr black holes in the zero angular momentum limit make a continuous transition from the Kerr value to the Schwarzschild value .	We study analytically the highly damped quasinormal modes of Kerr black holes in the small angular momentum limit .	To check the previous analytic calculations in the literature , which use a combination of radial and tortoise coordinates , we reproduce all the results using the radial coordinate only .	According to the earlier calculations , the real part of the highly damped quasinormal mode frequency of Kerr black holes approaches zero in the limit where the angular momentum goes to zero .	This result is not consistent with the Schwarzschild limit where the real part of the highly damped quasinormal mode frequency is equal to c^3 ln ( 3 ) / ( 8 pi G M ) .
+0	We show that the gauge-invariant transverse-momentum-dependent ( TMD ) quark distribution function can be expressed as a sum of all higher-twist collinear parton matrix elements in terms of a transport operator .	From such a general expression , we derive the nuclear broadening of the transverse momentum distribution .	Under the maximal two-gluon correlation approximation , in which all higher-twist nuclear multiple-parton correlations with the leading nuclear enhancement are given by products of twist-two nucleon parton distributions , we find the nuclear transverse momentum distribution as a convolution of a Gaussian distribution and the nucleon TMD quark distribution .	The width of the Gaussian , or the mean total transverse momentum broadening squared , is given by the path integral of the quark transport parameter $ \hat q_F $ which can also be expressed in a gauge invariant form and is given by the gluon distribution density in the nuclear medium .	We further show that contributions from higher-twist nucleon gluon distributions can be resummed under the extended adjoint two-gluon correlation approximation and the nuclear transverse momentum distribution can be expressed in terms of a transverse scale dependent quark transport parameter or gluon distribution density .
+1	The derived constitutive law is based on a `` core '' , encoding the optical metric up to a constant .	Based on a recent work by Schuller et al. , a geometric representation of all skewonless , non-birefringent , linear media is obtained .	All further corrections are provided by two ( anti- ) selfdual bivectors , and an `` axion '' .	The bivectors are found to vanish if the optical metric has signature ( 3,1 ) - that is , if the Fresnel equation is hyperbolic .	We propose applications of this result in the context of transformation optics and premetric electrodynamics .
+3	( ii ) We show that incomplete systems can ( at least sometimes ) be converted to physically equivalent complete systems .	Computations of the strong field generation of gravitational waves by black hole processes produce waveforms that are dominated by quasinormal ( QN ) ringing , a damped oscillation characteristic of the black hole .	We describe here the mathematical problem of quantifying the QN content of the waveforms generated .	This is done in several steps : ( i ) We develop the mathematics of QN systems that are complete ( in a sense to be defined ) and show that there is a quantity , the `` excitation coefficient , '' that appears to have the properties needed to quantify QN content .	Most notably , we give a rigorous proof of completeness for a specific modified model problem .
+4	We argue that this self-averaging length $ b $ sets also the lower wavelength bound for the applicability of classical eigenfrequency calculations.Particular attention is paid to the displacements of the source , allowing a direct measurement of the local rigidity .	The linear response of two-dimensional amorphous elastic bodies to an external delta force is determined in analogy with recent experiments on granular aggregates .	For the generated forces , stress and displacement fields , we find strong relative fluctuations of order one close to the source , which , however , average out readily to the classical predictions of isotropic continuum elasticity .	The stress fluctuations decay ( essentially ) exponentially with distance from the source .	Only beyond a surprisingly large distance , $ b \approx 30 $ interatomic distances , self-averaging dominates , and the quenched disorder becomes irrelevant for the response of an individual configuration .
+2	The goal is to minimize the total size of all the bins used .	The following online bin packing problem is considered : Items with integer sizes are given and variable sized bins arrive online .	A bin must be used if there is still an item remaining which fits in it when the bin arrives .	Previously , a lower bound of 5/4 on the competitive ratio of this problem was achieved using jobs of size S and 2S-1 and maximum bin size 4S-4 .	For this case , we obtain matching upper and lower bounds , which vary depending on the ratio of the number of small jobs to the number of large jobs .
+0	Using the Chandra X-ray Observatory , we have pinpointed the location of a faint X-ray point source ( CXOUJ182913.1-125113 ) and an associated diffuse nebula in the composite supernova remnant G18.95-1.1 .	These objects appear to be the long-sought pulsar and its wind nebula .	The X-ray spectrum of the point source is best described by an absorbed powerlaw model with Gamma=1.6 and an N_H of ~1x10^ ( 22 ) cm^ ( -2 ) .	This model predicts a relatively low unabsorbed X-ray luminosity of about L_X ( 0.5-8.0keV ) = 4.1x10^ ( 31 ) D_2^2 erg s^ ( -1 ) , where D_2 is the distance in units of 2kpc .	The best-fitted model of the diffuse nebula is a combination of thermal ( kT = 0.48keV ) and non-thermal ( 1.4 & lt ; Gamma & lt ; 1.9 ) emission .
+3	Thus the asymmetry in the times of polarity reversal switched between cycle 23 and 24 .	We report on the status of solar cycle 24 based on polar prominence eruptions ( PEs ) and microwave brightness enhancement ( MBE ) information obtained by the Nobeyama radioheliograph .	The north polar region of the Sun had near-zero field strength for more than three years ( 2012 to 2015 ) and ended only in September 2015 as indicated by the presence of polar PEs and the lack of MBE .	The zero-polar-field condition in the south started only around 2013 , but it ended by June 2014 .	The polar MBE is a good proxy for the polar magnetic field strength as indicated by the high degree of correlation between the two .
+4	We find that the chargino and neutralino decay mode can reach at most 40 % and 20 % branching ratio , respectively .	The decoupling limit in the MSSM Higgs sector is the most likely scenario in light of the Higgs discovery .	This scenario is further constrained by MSSM Higgs search bounds and flavor observables .	We perform a comprehensive scan of MSSM parameters and update the constraints on the decoupling MSSM Higgs sector in terms of 8 TeV LHC data .	We highlight the effect of light SUSY spectrum in the heavy neutral Higgs decay in the decoupling limit .
+1	But some questions remain : how does a bead glued at the end of a cantilever influence its mechanical response ?	The functionalization of an Atomic Force Microscope ( AFM ) cantilever with a colloidal bead is a widely used technique when the geometry between the probe and the sample must be controlled , particularly in force spectroscopy .	And more important for quantitative measurements , can we still determine the stiffness of the AFM probe with traditional techniques ?	In this article , the influence of a colloidal mass loading on the eigenmodes shape and resonant frequency is investigated by measuring the thermal noise on rectangular AFM microcantilevers with and without a bead attached at their extremities .	The experiments are performed with a home-made ultra-sensitive AFM , based on differential interferometry .
+4	The core mass function ( CMF ) derived for the prestellar cores is very similar in shape to the stellar initial mass function ( IMF ) , supporting the earlier view that there is a close physical link between the IMF and the CMF .	We present and discuss the results of the Herschel Gould Belt survey observations in a ~11 deg^2 area of the Aquila molecular cloud complex at d~260 pc , imaged with the SPIRE/PACS cameras from 70 to 500 micron .	We identify a complete sample of starless dense cores and embedded protostars in this region , and analyze their global properties and spatial distributions .	We find a total of 651 starless cores , ~60 % of which are gravitationally bound prestellar cores , and they will likely form stars in the future .	We also detect 58 protostellar cores .
+1	We show that a first vanishing result , proved for these objects when the base manifold was K\ '' ahler , also holds when the manifold is compact complex .	We introduce the notion of Hermitian Higgs bundle as a natural generalization of the notion of Hermitian vector bundle and we study some vanishing theorems concerning Hermitian Higgs bundles when the base manifold is a compact complex manifold .	From this fact and some basic properties of Hermitian Higgs bundles , we conclude several results .	In particular we show that , in analogy to the classical case , there are vanishing theorems for invariant sections of tensor products of Higgs bundles .	Then , we prove that a Higgs bundle admits no nonzero invariant sections if there is a condition of negativity on the greatest eigenvalue of the Hitchin-Simpson mean curvature .
+3	Two directions of research have been borne from relaxing this ( strong ) assumption : ( a ) The adversary is virtually omnipotent and can control all the communication channels in the network , ( b ) Only a partially connected topology of authenticated channels is guaranteed and adversary controls a subset of the communication channels in the network .	In secure multi-party computation $ n $ parties jointly evaluate an $ n $ -variate function $ f $ in the presence of an adversary which can corrupt up till $ t $ parties .	Almost all the works that have appeared in the literature so far assume the presence of authenticated channels between the parties .	This assumption is far from realistic .	This work introduces a new setting for ( unconditional ) secure multiparty computation problem which is an interesting intermediate model with respect to the above well studied models from the literature ( by sharing a salient feature from both the above models ) .
+2	One of QPot 's key features is the computation of the quasi-potential , an important tool for studying stochastic systems .	QPot is an R package for analyzing two-dimensional systems of stochastic differential equations .	It provides users with a wide range of tools to simulate , analyze , and visualize the dynamics of these systems .	Quasi-potentials are particularly useful for comparing the relative stabilities of equilibria in systems with alternative stable states .	This paper describes QPot 's primary functions , and explains how quasi-potentials can yield insights about the dynamics of stochastic systems .
+4	Simulation results show that the gate current increases by several orders of magnitude with increasing drain bias and warm electron injection can be an interesting option for programming when short channel effects prohibit the application of larger drain bias .	In this paper we investigate warm electron injection in a double gate SONOS memory by means of 2D full-band Monte Carlo simulations of the Boltzmann Transport Equation ( BTE ) .	Electrons are accelerated in the channel by a drain-to-source voltage VDS smaller than 3 V , so that programming occurs via electrons tunneling through a potential barrier whose height has been effectively reduced by the accumulated kinetic energy .	Particle energy distribution at the semiconductor/oxide interface is studied for different bias conditions and different positions along the channel .	The gate current is calculated with a continuum-based post-processing method as a function of the particle distribution obtained from Monte Carlo .
+3	This fraction may be subject to small selection-efficiency adjustments .	A new broad absorption line quasar ( BAL ) sample is derived from the first data released by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey .	With 116 objects , it is the largest BAL sample yet assembled .	Over the redshift range 1.8 & lt ; z & lt ; 3.8 , the crude fraction with broad absorption in the CIV line is roughly 15 % .	There are also hints of redshift-dependence in the BAL fraction .
+1	We show that this method is sensitive to interfaces buried below more than 20ML ( ~4nm ) MgO , providing a powerful tool for the non-destructive characterization of spintronics interfaces .	We present a novel approach to study the spin and symmetry electronic properties of buried interfaces using low-energy spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy .	As a demonstration , we apply this technique to characterize the Co2MnSi/MgO interface , a fundamental building block of state-of-the-art magnetic tunnel junctions based on Heusler compounds .	We find that a surface state with { \Delta } 1 symmetry and minority spin character dominating the electronic structure of the bare Co2MnSi ( 100 ) surface is quenched at the Co2MnSi ( 100 ) /MgO interface .	As a result , the interface spin-dependent electronic structure resembles the theoretically expected Co2MnSi bulk band structure , with majority spin electronic states of both { \Delta } 1 and { \Delta } 5 symmetry .
+2	We compare our particle model results with the predictions of the full partial differential equation system .	Motivated by recent experimental and theoretical studies of fewparticle vortex clusters in Bose-Einstein condensates , we consider the ordinary differential equations of motion and systematically examine settings for up to N = 6 vortices .	We analyze the existence of corresponding stationary state configurations and also consider their spectral stability properties .	Whenever possible , we propose generalizations of these results in the context of clusters of N vortices .	Some of these , we can theoretically establish , especially so for the N-vortex polygons , while others we state as conjectures , e.g.for the N-vortex line equilibrium .
+4	Estimating the potential benefit gives an overly optimistic estimate but also empirically demonstrates an approximation of the maximum potential benefit of each method .	The quality of an induced model by a learning algorithm is dependent on the quality of the training data and the hyper-parameters supplied to the learning algorithm .	Prior work has shown that improving the quality of the training data ( i.e. , by removing low quality instances ) or tuning the learning algorithm hyper-parameters can significantly improve the quality of an induced model .	A comparison of the two methods is lacking though .	In this paper , we estimate and compare the potential benefits of filtering and hyper-parameter optimization .
+0	We revisit classical results of Serre , Fr\ '' ohlich and Saito in the theory of quadratic forms .	Given a neutral Tannakian category $ ( \mathcal { T } , \omega ) $ over a field $ k $ of characteristic $ \neq 2 $ , another fiber functor $ \eta $ over a $ k $ -scheme $ X $ and an orthogonal object $ ( M , q ) $ in $ \mathcal { T } $ , we show formulas relating the torsor $ \bf { Isom } ^ { \otimes } ( \omega , \eta ) $ to Hasse-Witt invariants of the quadratic space $ \omega ( M , q ) $ and the symmetric bundle $ \eta ( M , q ) $ .	We apply this result to various neutral Tannakian categories arising in different contexts .	We first consider Nori 's Tannakian category of essentially finite bundles over an integral proper $ k $ -scheme $ X $ with a rational point , in order to study an analogue of the Serre-Fr\ '' ohlich embedding problem for Nori 's fundamental group scheme .	Then we consider Fontaine 's Tannakian categories of $ B $ -admissible representations , in order to obtain a generalization of both the classical Serre-Fr\ '' ohlich formula and Saito 's analogous result for Hodge-Tate $ p $ -adic representations .
+3	We also find that although the overall magnitude of the current may change dramatically with different detection conditions , the intrinsic distinguishability of the bases is not significantly affected by pore size and transverse field strength .	We study theoretically the feasibility of using transverse electronic transport within a nanopore for rapid DNA sequencing .	Specifically , we examine the effects of the environment and detection probes on the distinguishability of the DNA bases .	We find that the intrinsic measurement bandwidth of the electrodes helps the detection of single bases by averaging over the current distributions of each base .	The latter is the result of very effective stabilization of the DNA by the transverse field induced by the probes , so long as that field is much larger than the field that drives DNA through the pore .
+4	In the case of $ SU ( 2 ) $ instantons on $ S^4 $ of charge one , { \bf g } is known to be the hyperbolic metric on the five-ball .	The information metric arises in statistics as a natural inner product on a space of probability distributions .	In general this inner product is positive semi-definite but is potentially degenerate .	By associating to an instanton its energy density , we can examine the information metric { \bf g } on the moduli spaces $ \M $ of self-dual connections over Riemannian 4-manifolds .	Compared with the more widely known $ L^2 $ metric , the information metric better reflects the conformal invariance of the self-dual Yang-Mills equations , and seems to have better completeness properties .
+1	Previous research on this paradigm , usually extracts features from the same image for the two steps separately , which is time consuming and is hard to optimize .	The state-of-the-art object detection pipeline needs a set of object location hypotheses followed by a deep CNN classifier .	This work shows that the high-level patterns of feature values in deep convolutional feature map contain plenty of useful spatial information and proposes a new deep learning approach to object detection , namely Relief R-CNN ( $ R^2 $ -CNN ) .	By extracting positions of objects from these high-level patterns , $ R^2 $ -CNN generates region proposals and performs deep classification simultaneously using the same forward CNN features , unifying the formerly separated object detection process .	In this way , $ R^2 $ -CNN does not involve additional information extraction process for region proposal generation , considerably reducing the total computation costs .
+0	The { \tt SANC } computer system is aimed at support of analytic and numeric calculations for experiments at colliders .	The system is reviewed briefly .	Recent results on high-precision description of the Drell-Yan processes at the LHC are presented .	Special attention is paid to the evaluation of higher order final-state QED corrections to the single $ W $ and $ Z $ boson production processes .	A new Monte Carlo integrator { \tt mcsanc } suited for description of a series of high-energy physics processes at the one-loop precision level is presented .
+0	Many groups possess highly symmetric generating sets that are naturally endowed with an underlying combinatorial structure .	Such generating sets can prove to be extremely useful both theoretically in providing new existence proofs for groups and practically by providing succinct means of representing group elements .	We give a survey of results obtained in the study of these symmetric generating sets .	In keeping with earlier surveys on this matter , we emphasize the sporadic simple groups .	ADDENDUM : This is an updated version of a survey article originally accepted for inclusion in the proceedings of the 2009 `Groups St Andrews ' conference .
+4	In this paper , we focus on one such class of codes that minimize network consumption during repair , namely regenerating codes .	Distributed storage systems support failures of individual devices by the use of replication or erasure correcting codes .	While erasure correcting codes offer a better storage efficiency than replication for similar fault tolerance , they incur higher CPU consumption , higher network consumption and higher disk I/Os .	To address these issues , codes specific to storage systems have been designed .	Their main feature is the ability to repair a single lost disk efficiently .
+1	We assume that one of the components can have a different mass from the other two .	We study the properties of a trapped interacting three component Fermi gas .	We calculate the different phases of the three component mixture and find a rich variety of different phases corresponding to different pairing channels , and simple ways of tuning the system from one phase to another .	In particular , we predict co-existence of several different superfluids in the trap , forming a shell structure , and phase transitions from this mixture of superfluids to a single superfluid when the system parameters or temperature is varied .	Such shell structures realize superfluids with a non-trivial spatial topology and leave clear observable signatures in the density profile of the gas .
+1	Fleming and the author introduced some edge ( resp .	Edge-homotopy and vertex-homotopy are equivalence relations on spatial graphs which are generalizations of Milnor 's link-homotopy .	vertex ) -homotopy invariants of spatial graphs by applying the Sato-Levine invariant for the constituent 2-component algebraically split links .	In this paper , we construct some new edge ( resp .	vertex ) -homotopy invariants of spatial graphs without any restriction of linking numbers of the constituent 2-component links by applying the generalized Sato-Levine invariant .
+1	In the first one , the nodes have an infinite amount of data to send and the goal is to optimally allocate their uplink bandwidths such that the demands of every peer in terms of receiving data rate are met .	We consider two capacity problems in P2P networks .	We solve this problem through a mapping from a node-weighted graph featuring two labels per node to a max flow problem on an edge-weighted bipartite graph .	In the second problem under consideration , the resource allocation is driven by the availability of the data resource that the peers are interested in sharing .	That is a node can not allocate its uplink resources unless it has data to transmit first .
+4	It is based on using boundary CFTs to probe the SLE hulls .	The aim of these notes is threefold .	First , we discuss geometrical aspects of conformal covariance in stochastic Schramm-Loewner evolutions ( SLEs ) .	This leads us to introduce new `` dipolar '' SLEs , besides the known chordal , radial or annular SLEs .	Second , we review the main features of our approach connecting SLEs to conformal field theories ( CFTs ) .
+2	For high enough conductivity free carriers screen fluctuations in the absence of an external field .	We propose the phenomenological description of ferroelectric disordering in ferroelectric-semiconductors caused by charged impurities with the charge density random fluctuations .	The material improper conductivity is proportional to the averaged impurity charge density .	When external electric field is applied , inner field fluctuations and dynamical induction fluctuations appear in the inhomogeneously polarized system `` charged defect + screening cloud '' .	We show that the macroscopic state of ferroelectric-semiconductor with random charged defects and sufficiently high improper conductivity can be described by three coupled equations for three parameters averaged over sample volume .
+1	Two players take turns removing any element of \Delta as well as all other elements which contain it , and the last player able to move wins .	The game subset take-away begins with a simplicial complex \Delta .	Graph Chomp is a special case of subset take-away played on a simplicial complex with only vertices and edges .	The game has previously only been analyzed for complete graphs , forest graphs , and very small special cases of higher-dimensional simplicial complexes .	We generalize a common method of reducing some game positions to simpler ones by symmetry and provide a complete analysis of complete n-partite graphs for arbitrary n and all bipartite graphs .
+0	We investigate the translocation of a single stranded DNA through a pore which fluctuates between two conformations , using coupled master equations .	The probability density function of the first passage times ( FPT ) of the translocation process is calculated , displaying a triple , double or mono peaked behavior , depending on the interconversion rates between the conformations , the applied electric field , and the initial conditions .	The cumulative probability function of the FPT , in a field-free environment , is shown to have two regimes , characterized by fast and slow timescales .	An analytical expression for the mean first passage time of the translocation process is derived , and provides , in addition to the interconversion rates , an extensive characterization of the translocation process .	Relationships to experimental observations are discussed .
+1	Among these are over one thousand red clump giants .	We present UBVI photometry for 8530 stars in Baade 's Window obtained during the OGLE-II microlensing survey .	1391 of them have photometry with errors smaller than 0.04 , 0.06 , 0.12 , and 0.20 mag in the I , V , B and U-band , respectively .	We constructed a map of interstellar reddening .	The corrected colors of the red clump giants : ( U-B ) _0 , ( B-V ) _0 , and ( V-I ) _0 are very well correlated , indicating that a single parameter determines the observed spread of their values , reaching almost 2 mag in the ( U-B ) _0 .
+1	We compute two-point correlators involving the U ( 1 ) current and the stress tensor , and use their leading IR behavior to confirm the existence of a single chiral current algebra , and of left- and right-moving Virasoro algebras in the low energy CFT .	The magnetic brane solution to five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory provides a holographic description of the RG flow from four-dimensional Yang-Mills theory in the presence of a constant magnetic field to a two-dimensional low energy CFT .	The common central charge of the Virasoro algebras is found to match the Brown-Henneaux formula , while the level of the current algebra is related to the Chern-Simons coupling .	The coordinate reparametrizations produced by the Virasoro algebras on the AdS_3 near-horizon geometry arise from physical non-pure gauge modes in the asymptotic AdS_5 region , thereby providing a concrete example for the emergence of IR symmetries .	Finally , we interpret the infinite series of sub-leading IR contributions to the correlators in terms of certain double-trace interactions generated by the RG flow in the low energy CFT .
+2	( These groups comprise scalings and time translations , admitted for any nonlinearity power , in addition to space-time inversions admitted for a particular conformal nonlinearity power ) .	Exact solutions are derived for an n-dimensional radial wave equation with a general power nonlinearity .	The method , which is applicable more generally to other nonlinear PDEs , involves an ansatz technique to solve a first-order PDE system of group-invariant variables given by group foliations of the wave equation , using the one-dimensional admitted point symmetry groups .	This is shown to yield not only group-invariant solutions as derived by standard symmetry reduction , but also other exact solutions of a more general form .	In particular , solutions with interesting analytical behavior connected with blow ups as well as static monopoles are obtained .
+0	A molecular dynamics simulation is performed to investigate spatial scale of low energy excitation ( LEE ) in a single linear chain of united atoms .	The self part of the dynamic structure function , $ S_\mathrm { S } ( q , \omega ) $ , is obtained in a wide range in frequency space ( $ \omega $ ) and reciprocal space ( $ q $ ) .	A broad peak corresponding to the LEE is detected at $ \omega/2\pi=2.5 \times 10^ { 11 } \mathrm { s^ { -1 } } $ ( $ \equiv \omega_ { \mathrm { LEE } } /2\pi $ ) on the contour maps of $ S_\mathrm { S } ( q , \omega ) $ , near and below the glass transition temperature ( $ T_ { \mathrm { g } } $ =230 K ) .	The $ S_\mathrm { S } ( q , \omega_ { \mathrm { LEE } } ) $ is symmetric around a maximum along the logarithm of $ q $ .	The inverse of $ q_ { \mathrm { max } } $ , giving the maximum position of $ S_\mathrm { S } ( q , \omega_ { \mathrm { LEE } } ) $ , depends on temperature as $ 2\pi/q_ { \mathrm { max } } \sim T^ { 0.52 } $ for $ 60 \mathrm { K } & lt ; T & lt ; T_ { \mathrm { g } } $ and $ 2\pi/q_ { \mathrm { max } } \sim T^ { 0.97 } $ for $ T_ { \mathrm { g } } & lt ; T & lt ; 600 \mathrm { K } $ , which is the spatial scale of the motion corresponding to the LEE at low temperatures .
+3	In this way we predict and analyze the double-Regge contribution to the $ K^+ K^- p $ Dalitz plot , which constitutes one of the major backgrounds in the search for strangeonia , hybrids and exotics using $ \gamma p\rightarrow K^+K^-p $ reaction .	We apply the generalized Veneziano model ( $ B_5 $ model ) in the double-Regge exchange limit to the $ \gamma p \to K^+ K^- p $ reaction .	Four different cases defined by the possible combinations of the signature factors of leading Regge exchanges ( ( $ K^* , a_2/f_2 $ ) , ( $ K^* , \rho/\omega $ ) , ( $ K_2^* , a_2/f_2 $ ) , and ( $ K_2^* , \rho/\omega $ ) ) have been simulated through the Monte Carlo method .	Suitable event candidates for the double-Regge exchange high-energy limit were selected employing \textit { Van Hove } plots as a better alternative to kinematical cuts in the $ K^+ K^- p $ Dalitz plot .	We expect that data currently under analysis , and that to come in the future , will allow verification of the double-Regge behavior and a better assessment of this component of the amplitude .
+1	Recent observations show that abundance peculiarities can change as stars evolve on the main sequence and the timescale of these changes lies in a wide range from million years to months .	The stars of the middle main sequence often have relatively quiescent outer layers and spot-like chemical structures may develope in their atmospheres .	These observations imply that , perhaps , our understanding of diffusion processes at work in magnetic stars is incomplete and a more detailed analysis of these processes is required .	In the present paper , we consider diffusion caused by a combined influence of the electric current and the Hall effect.Such diffusion has a number of very particular properties and , generally , can change the surface chemistry of stars in combination with other diffusion processes .	For instance , current-driven diffusion is accompanied by a propagation of the special type of waves in which only the impurity number density oscillates .
+3	This clustering implies a single-particle ( ls ) j algebra within the first Landau level ( LL ) identical to that of multiply filled LLs in the integer quantum Hall effect .	We show that the introduction of a more general closed-shell operator allows one to extend Laughlin 's wave function to account for the richer hierarchies ( 1/3 , 2/5 , 3/7 ... ; 1/5 , 2/9 , 3/13 , ... , etc . )	found experimentally .	The construction identifies the special hierarchy states with condensates of correlated electron clusters .	The end result is a simple generalized wave function that reproduces the results of both Laughlin and Jain , without reference to higher LLs or projection .
+3	The degrees of first and second order coherence are therefore functions of temperature , chemical potential , and position .	We study first and second order coherence of trapped dilute Bose gases using appropriate correlation functions .	Special attention is given to the discussion of second order or density correlations .	Except for a small region around the surface of a Bose-Einstein condensate the correlations can be accurately described as those of a locally homogeneous gas with a spatially varying chemical potential .	The second order correlation function is governed both by the tendency of bosonic atoms to cluster and by a strong repulsion at small distances due to atomic interactions .
+3	It is shown that the multivariate aspect of $ \textbf { B } _r $ brings additional information which substantially improves the identification procedure .	This paper presents a reduced-order approach for four-dimensional variational data assimilation , based on a prior EO F analysis of a model trajectory .	This method implies two main advantages : a natural model-based definition of a mul tivariate background error covariance matrix $ \textbf { B } _r $ , and an important decrease of the computational burden o f the method , due to the drastic reduction of the dimension of the control space .	% An illustration of the feasibility and the effectiveness of this method is given in the academic framework of twin experiments for a model of the equatorial Pacific ocean .	Moreover the computational cost can be decreased by one order of magnitude with regard to the full-space 4D-Var method .
+4	Initial tests of this code on ~10^9 simulated lensed galaxy images recover the simulated shear to a fractional accuracy of m=0.0021+-0.0004 , substantially more accurate than has been demonstrated previously for any generally applicable method .	We demonstrate highly accurate recovery of weak gravitational lensing shear using an implementation of the Bayesian Fourier Domain ( BFD ) method proposed by Bernstein & amp ; Armstrong ( 2014 , BA14 ) , extended to correct for selection biases .	The BFD formalism is rigorously correct for Nyquist-sampled , background-limited , uncrowded image of background galaxies .	BFD does not assign shapes to galaxies , instead compressing the pixel data D into a vector of moments M , such that we have an analytic expression for the probability P ( M|g ) of obtaining the observations with gravitational lensing distortion g along the line of sight .	We implement an algorithm for conducting BFD 's integrations over the population of unlensed source galaxies which measures ~10 galaxies/second/core with good scaling properties .
+1	First , it is argued that the existence of a rapidly developing parton cascade in the earliest stages of a high energy nuclear collision process can be tested by studying two-photon HBT correlations over a wide longitudinal momentum scale - corresponding to the early photon emission time from the hypothetical parton system .	We report on a possible application of the HBT phenomenon in testing the existence of two hypothetical phenomena .	This method provides the needed selectivity for the early emitted photons , since the photons emitted at later times correlate over progressively narrower momentum scales .	Second , in a similar way we argue that the existence of a hypothetic dark matter candidate , the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle ( WIMP ) , may be tested by studying HBT correlations of cosmic gamma rays at a relatively long detection time scale - corresponding to the very narrow spectral line of the photons emerging from WIMP annihilations .	Background photons leave no signature since they essentially do not correlate .
+3	Instead , in six cases our amplitude of the light variation is significantly smaller than that published on the GCVS4 , and in at least three cases the actual pulsation appears to be in the first harmonic rather than in the fundamental mode .	CCD photometry in the V band is presented for 7 field RR Lyrae stars selected from a sample of eight variables which , according to data collected in the literature , are expected to be { \it ab } -type pulsators , to have short periods and hence high metallicity , and to be located at high { \it z } from the galactic plane .	New periods and epochs are derived for them .	The new periods are only slightly shorter than the values published on the last edition of the General Catalog of Variable Stars ( GCVS4 ) .	All the suggested { \it c } -type pulsators show variations in the amplitude and/or quite scattered light curves .
+2	As might be expected , the stochastic upper bounds are larger than the deterministic counterpart of \citet { Doering15 } , but their variation with noise amplitude exhibits interesting behavior .	We calculate the stochastic upper bounds for the Lorenz equations using an extension of the background method .	In analogy with Rayleigh-B\'enard convection the upper bounds are for heat transport versus Rayleigh number .	Below the transition to chaotic dynamics the upper bounds increase monotonically with noise amplitude .	However , in the chaotic regime this monotonicity depends on the number of realizations in the ensemble ; at a particular Rayleigh number the bound may increase or decrease with noise amplitude .
+1	Although the ARCH process captures the so-called `` volatility clustering '' and the asymptotic power-law probability density distribution of the random variable , it is not capable to reproduce further statistical properties of many of these time series such as : the strong persistence of the instantaneous variance characterised by large values of the Hurst exponent ( H & gt ; 0.8 ) , and asymptotic power-law decay of the absolute values self-correlation function .	The ARCH process ( R. F. Engle , 1982 ) constitutes a paradigmatic generator of stochastic time series with time-dependent variance like it appears on a wide broad of systems besides economics in which ARCH was born .	By means of considering an effective return obtained from a correlation of past returns that has a q-exponential form we are able to fix the limitations of the original model .	Moreover , this improvement can be obtained through the correct choice of a sole additional parameter , $ q_ { m } $ .	The assessment of its validity and usefulness is made by mimicking daily fluctuations of SP500 financial index .
+4	The simplest new manifolds we consider can be written as the biquotient U ( 1 ) \U ( 3 ) /U ( 1 ) .	We find the gravity duals to an infinite series of N=3 Chern-Simons quiver theories .	They are AdS_4 x M_7 vacua of M-theory , with M_7 in a certain class of 3-Sasaki-Einstein manifolds obtained by a quotient construction .	The field theories can be engineered from a brane configuration ; their geometry is summarized by a `` hyperKaehler toric fan '' that can be read off easily from the relative angles of the branes .	The singularity at the tip of the cone over M_7 is generically not an orbifold .
+1	The mass M_BH of the central massive black hole ( MBH ) is claimed to be lighter than expected from known MBH-host galaxy scaling relations , while the accretion rate onto the MBH larger than the average value appropriate to Seyfert 1 galaxies .	Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies ( NLS1s ) are generally considered peculiar objects among the broad class of Type 1 active galactic nuclei , due to the relatively small width of the broad lines , strong X-ray variability , soft X-ray continua , weak [ OIII ] , and strong FeII line intensities .	In this Letter , we show that NLS1 peculiar M_BH and L/L_Edd turn out to be fairly standard , provided that the broad line region is allowed to have a disc-like , rather than isotropic , geometry .	Assuming that NLS1s are rather `` normal '' Seyfert 1 objects seen along the disc axis , we could estimate the typical inclination angles from the fraction of Seyfert 1 classified as NLS1s , and compute the geometrical factor relating the observed FWHM of broad lines to the virial mass of the MBH .	We show that the geometrical factor can fully account for the `` black hole mass deficit '' observed in NLS1s , and that L/L_Edd is ( on average ) comparable to the value of the more common broad line Seyfert 1 galaxies .
+4	It is found that the constraints are so restrictive that the field equations of General Relativity and Scalar-Tensor gravity yield virtually identical solutions .	Boson stars in zero- , one- , and two-node equilibrium states are modeled numerically within the framework of Scalar-Tensor Gravity .	The complex scalar field is taken to be both massive and self-interacting .	Configurations are formed in the case of a linear gravitational scalar coupling ( the Brans-Dicke case ) and a quadratic coupling which has been used previously in a cosmological context .	The coupling parameters and asymptotic value for the gravitational scalar field are chosen so that the known observational constraints on Scalar-Tensor Gravity are satisfied .
+4	The constructed new families are $ ( { r,2r-3 } ; 5 ) $ -cages for all $ r=q+1 $ with $ q $ a prime power , and $ ( { r,2r-5 } ; 5 ) $ -cages for all $ r=q+1 $ with $ q $ a prime .	Let $ 2 \le r & lt ; m $ and $ g $ be positive integers .	An $ ( { r , m } ; g ) $ -- graph } ( or biregular graph ) is a graph with degree set $ { r , m } $ and girth $ g $ , and an $ ( { r , m } ; g ) $ -cage ( or biregular cage ) is an $ ( { r , m } ; g ) $ -graph of minimum order $ n ( { r , m } ; g ) $ .	If $ m=r+1 $ , an $ ( { r , m } ; g ) $ -cage is said to be a semiregular cage .	In this paper we generalize the reduction and graph amalgam operations from M. Abreu , G. Araujo-Pardo , C. Balbuena , D. Labbate ( 2011 ) on the incidence graphs of an affine and a biaffine plane obtaining two new infinite families of biregular cages and two new semiregular cages .
+1	We use first principles density functional methods to study magnetic arrangements that may compete with long range order near the phase boundary .	Superconductivity arises in the layered iron-pnictide compounds when magnetic long range order disappears .	Specifically , we study the energetics and charge density distribution ( through calculation of the electric field gradients ) for ordered supercells with varying densities of antiphase magnetic boundaries .	We quantify the amount by which Fe atoms with low spin moments at the antiphase boundaries have higher energies than Fe atoms with high spin moments away from the antiphase boundaries .	These disruptions in magnetic order should be useful in accounting for experimental data such as electric field gradients and hyperfine fields on both Fe and As atoms .
+3	Time-of-flight ( TOF ) photoconductivity measurements reveal a good electron mobility of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the blend .	We report on terrylene-3,4:11,12-bis ( dicarboximide ) ( TDI ) as electron acceptor for bulk-heterojunction solar cells using poly ( 3-hexyl thiophene ) ( P3HT ) as complementary donor component .	Enhanced absorption was observed in the blend compared to pure P3HT .	As shown by the very efficient photoluminescence ( PL ) quenching , the generated excitons are collected at the interface between the donor and acceptor , where they separate into charges which we detect by photoinduced absorption and electron-spin resonance ( ESR ) .	Nevertheless , the photocurrent in solar cells was found to be surprisingly low .
+3	In this article , we prove that if the conjecture is not true , then there would be a counterexample of rank at most $ 46 $ .	The rank of a graph is defined to be the rank of its adjacency matrix .	A graph is called reduced if it has no isolated vertices and no two vertices with the same set of neighbors .	Akbari , Cameron , and Khosrovshahi conjectured that the number of vertices of every reduced graph of rank r is at most $ m ( r ) =2^ { ( r+2 ) /2 } -2 $ if r is even and $ m ( r ) = 5\cdot2^ { ( r-3 ) /2 } -2 $ if r is odd .	We also show that every reduced graph of rank r has at most $ 8m ( r ) +14 $ vertices .
+0	The iron-based superconductors that contain FeAs layers as the fundamental building block in the crystal structures have been rationalized in the past using ideas based on the Fermi Surface nesting of hole and electron pockets when in the presence of weak Hubbard $ U $ interactions .	This approach seemed appropriate considering the small values of the magnetic moments in the parent compounds and the clear evidence based on photoemission experiments of the required electron and hole pockets .	However , recent results in the context of alkali metal iron selenides , with generic chemical composition $ A_x $ Fe $ _ { 2-y } $ Se $ _2 $ ( $ A $ = alkali element ) , have drastically challenged those previous ideas since at particular compositions $ y $ the low-temperature ground states are insulating and display antiferromagnetic magnetic order with large iron magnetic moments .	Moreover , angle resolved photoemission studies have revealed the absence of hole pockets at the Fermi level in these materials .	The present status of this exciting area of research , with the potential to alter conceptually our understanding of the iron-based superconductors , is here reviewed , covering both experimental and theoretical investigations .
+0	Lithium abundances in a selected sample of halo stars have been revised by using new accurate Teff .	From 41 plateau stars we found no evidence for intrinsic dispersion , a tiny trend with Teff and no trend with [ Fe/H ] .	These results argue against depletion by either stellar winds , diffusion or rotational mixing .	Therefore the Li observed in PopII stars provides a reliable estimate of the baryonic density .	A more detailed discussion can be found in Bonifacio & amp ; Molaro ( 1996 ) .
+3	Indeed , the computations of these diagrams do not make use of any regularization prescription once the modified propagator always occurs coupled to external conserved currents .	We consider a higher-derivative extension of the standard QED modified by the addition of a gauge-invariant dimension-6 kinetic operator in the $ U ( 1 ) $ gauge sector .	The Feynman diagrams at one-loop level are then computed .	The modification of the spin-1 sector in the higher-derivative QED ( HDQED ) framework leads the electron self-energy and vertex corrections diagrams finite at the ultraviolet regime .	Since the vacuum polarization is unchanged , i.e. , hold the same structure than in QED , the spin-1 self energy diverges .
+3	The phase diagrams show that the magnetically ordered phases sensitively change to other phases with H , indicating that the geometrical frustration inherent in this system is important for the determination of the phase diagram .	For the spin-3/2 kagome staircase system Co3V2O8 , magnetic field ( H ) -temperature ( T ) phase diagrams have been constructed for the fields along three principal directions up to 5 T , using results of various macroscopic measurements on single crystal samples and also using neutron diffraction data taken on both powder and single crystal samples under H along c. In zero magnetic field , the system exhibits three transitions at temperatures Tc1~11.2 K , Tc2~8.8 K and Tc3~ ( 6.0-7.0 ) K. The single crystal data present clear evidence for the noncollinear nature of the magnetic structures in all magnetically ordered phases below Tc1 .	The sinusoidal nature of the incommensurate modulation of the ordered moment reported in the former work has been confirmed between Tc1 and Tc2 , that is , no higher harmonics of the modulation have been detected even for the present large single crystal .	Even in the phase of commensurate modulation between Tc2 and Tc3 , we have not detected any higher harmonics of the modulation .	No evidence for ferroelectric transitions has been observed in the measurements of the dielectric constant applying the electric fields along three crystallographic axes , a , b and c. Only small dielectric anomalies closely connected with the magnetic phase transitions have been found .
+2	In our model , warm dark matter is composed by collisionless Vlasov particles with a primordial typical velocity $ \simeq 330 $ km s $ ^ { -1 } $ and , consequently , they evaporated from galactic cores and reorganized in halos with a cusp at a finite distance from the galactic center ( in contrast with Cold Dark Matter simulations which predict a cusp at the center of galaxies ) .	It is a well-known fact that the gravitational effect of dark matter in galaxies is only noticeable when the orbital accelerations drop below $ a_0 \simeq 2\times 10^ { -8 } $ cm s $ ^ { -1 } $ ( Milgrom 's Law ) .	This peculiarity of the dynamic behaviour of galaxies was initially ascribed to a modification of Newtonian dynamics ( MOND theory ) and , consequently , it was used as an argument to criticize the dark matter hypothesis .	This is confirmed by mean-field N-body simulations of the self-gravitating Vlasov dark matter particles in the potential well of the baryonic core .	The rest mass of these particles , $ \mu $ , is determined from a kinetic theory of the early universe with a cosmological constant .
+2	Since the presence of well localized scattering mirror inside the jet is problematic , this makes problems for the mirror model .	Multiwavelength observations of high energy flare in 1996 from 3C 279 seems to favour the so called mirror model between different inverse Compton scattering models proposed as a possible explanation of gamma-ray emission in blazars .	We performed kinematic analysis of the relativistic blob - mirror system and found that only part of the mirror located very close to the jet axis ( very likely inside the jet cone ) can re-emit soft photons which serve as a target for production of $ \gamma $ -rays by relativistic electrons in the blob .	The time scale and the shape of the $ \gamma $ -ray flare should reflect , in terms of the mirror model , the blob dimensions and the longitudinal distribution of relativistic electrons inside the blob .	For the $ \gamma $ -ray light curve of the type observed in 1996 from 3C 279 , i.e.the rising time of the flare during a few days with a sharp cut-off towards the end of the flare , the density of electrons inside the blob should increase exponentially starting from the front of the blob and reach maximum towards the end of the blob .
+2	The activity is mostly concentrated in the largest cluster .	We investigate an extremal dynamics model of evolution with a variable number of units .	Due to addition and removal of the units , the topology of the network evolves and the network splits into several clusters .	The time dependence of the number of units exhibits intermittent structure .	The self-organized criticality is manifested by a power-law distribution of forward avalanches , but two regimes with distinct exponents tau = 1.98 +- 0.04 and tau^prime = 1.65 +- 0.05 are found .
+2	The use of industry-specific sentiment indicators results in a high-dimensional forecasting problem .	We study the predictive power of industry-specific economic sentiment indicators for future macro-economic developments .	In addition to the sentiment of firms towards their own business situation , we study their sentiment with respect to the banking sector - their main credit providers .	To identify the most predictive industries , we present a bootstrap Granger Causality test based on the Adaptive Lasso .	This test is more powerful than the standard Wald test in such high-dimensional settings .
+4	This challenge lies in the fact that a foreign network provider does not initially have the authentication credentials of a mobile user .	The development of mobile devices ( CPU , memory , and storage ) and the introduction of mobile networks ( Ad-Hoc , Wi-Fi , WiMAX , and 3.5G ) have opened new opportunities for next generation of mobile services .	It becomes more convenience and desirable for mobile internet users to be connected everywhere .	However , ubiquitous mobile access connectivity faces interoperation issues between wireless network providers and wireless network technologies .	Although mobile users would like to get as many services as possible while they travel , there is a lack of technology to identify visited users in current foreign network authentication systems .
+4	Thus , by its very construction , the new approach is capable of exploring both averaged and fluctuation properties of SN-systems on the same microscopic footing .	Thermodynamic and transport properties of mesoscopic conductors are strongly influenced by the proximity of a superconductor : An interplay between the large scale quantum coherent wave functions in the normal mesoscopic and the superconducting region , respectively , leads to unusual mechanisms of quantum interference .	These manifest themselves in both the mean and the mesoscopic fluctuation behaviour of superconductor/normal-metal ( SN ) hybrid systems being strikingly different from those of conventional mesoscopic systems .	After reviewing some established theories of SN-quantum interference phenomena , we introduce a new approach to the analysis of SN-mesoscopic physics .	Essentially , our formalism represents a unification of the quasi-classical formalism for describing { \it mean } properties of SN-systems on the one hand , with more recent field theories of mesoscopic { \it fluctuations } on the other hand .
+3	Our calculation is in disagreement with a similar calculation by Kuchiev et al. , but this deviation may be explained by a phase transition .	We calculate , with several corrections , the non-relativistic binding by Higgs exchange and gluon exchange between six top and six anti-top quarks ( actually replaced by left-handed b quarks from time to time ) .	The remarkable result is that , within our calculational accuracy of the order of 14 % in the top quark Yukawa coupling g_t , the experimental running top-quark Yukawa coupling g_t = 0.935 happens to have just that value which gives a perfect cancellation of the unbound mass = 12 top-quark masses by this binding energy .	In other words the bound state is massless to the accuracy of our calculation .	We and Kuchiev et al .
+4	The following models are discussed in detail : SU ( 6 ) SYM coupled to a half 20 , SO ( 12 ) SYM coupled to a half 32 , and E_7 SYM coupled to a half 56 .	We study systematically the BPS spectra of N=2 SYM coupled to half -- hypermultiplets , the basic example being E_7 SYM coupled to a half -- hyper in the 56 irrepr .	In order to do this , we determine the BPS quivers with superpotential of such N=2 models using a new technique we introduce .	The computation of the BPS spectra in the various chambers is then reduced to the Representation Theory of the resulting quivers .	We use the quiver description to study the BPS spectrum at both strong and weak coupling .
+0	The nonlocal version of the SU ( 2 ) xSU ( 2 ) symmetric four-quark interaction of the NJL type is considered .	Each of the quark lines contains the form factors .	These form factors remove the ultraviolet divergences in quark loops .	The additional condition on quark mass function m ( p ) ensures the absence of the poles in the quark propagator ( quark confinement ) .	The constituent quark mass m ( 0 ) is expressed thought the cut-off parameter Lambda , m ( 0 ) =Lambda=340 MeV in the chiral limit .
+3	These are reasonably explained if the electron pairs form the equal-spin-pairing ( ESP ) in the mixed state .	We report a novel phenomenon intimately related to the spin-triplet superconductivity .	It is well known that the spin susceptibility decreases below the superconducting transition temperature in almost all superconductors because of spin-singlet pair formation , while it may remain unchanged in a handful of spin-triplet exceptions .	Here we report the observation in Sr $ _2 $ RuO $ _4 $ with nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) that the spin susceptibility originating from the Ru-4 $ d $ electron slightly $ increases $ by $ \sim 2 $ \ % of total and becomes inhomogeneous in the superconducting state .	A similar phenomenon was predicted for superfluid $ ^3 $ He forty years ago , but had never been demonstrated in any superconductor .
+2	We also study weaving Schauder bases , where it is necessary to introduce two notions of weaving .	We extend the concept of weaving Hilbert space frames to the Banach space setting .	Similar to frames in a Hilbert space , we show that for any two approximate Schauder frames for a Banach space , every weaving is an approximate Schauder frame if and only if there is a uniform constant $ C\geq 1 $ such that every weaving is a $ C $ -approximate Schauder frame .	On one hand , we can ask if two Schauder bases are woven when considered as Schauder frames with their biorthogonal functionals , and alternatively , we can ask if each weaving of two Schauder bases remains a Schauder basis .	We will prove that these two notions coincide when all weavings are unconditional , but otherwise they can be different .
+2	The Higgs particle has an infrared singular decay to gapless Goldstone excitations , and its response functions are characterized by a pole in the lower-half of the complex frequency plane .	We study the Higgs excitation in the Goldstone phase of the relativistic O ( N ) model in two spatial dimensions at zero temperature .	The response functions of the order parameter , and its magnitude-squared , become universal functions of frequency in the vicinity of the quantum critical point described by the Wilson-Fisher fixed point , and we compute them to next-to-leading order in 1/N .	The pole acquires a non-zero real part only at next-to-leading order in 1/N , demonstrating that the Higgs excitation has an oscillatory component even in the scaling limit .	Both the real and imaginary parts of the pole position vanish with the correlation length exponent \nu upon approaching the critical point .
+1	Here we investigate the radiative leptonic decay B_c - & gt ; gamma l nu .	The recent discovery of the B_c meson by the CDF collaboration and proposed new experiments at Fermilab and CERN motivate new theoretical studies of the B_c system .	This process is an important background to the annihilation process B_c - & gt ; l nu , which will be used to extract the B_c decay constant .	We perform a model-independent calculation , based on QCD , of the partial width and various kinematic distributions .	We also examine the decay within the framework of NRQCD , an effective field theory of nonrelativistic quarks , generalizing the NRQCD Lagrangian to include external sources for the weak and electromagnetic currents .
+3	For two-level systems , the results indicate that quantum theory requires imaginary correlations between the measurement errors of X and Y since these correlations are represented by the operator product XY=iZ in the measurement operators .	Joint measurements of non-commuting observables are characterized by unavoidable measurement uncertainties that can be described in terms of the error statistics for input states with well-defined values for the target observables .	However , a complete characterization of measurement errors must include the correlations between the errors of the two observables .	Here , we show that these correlations appear in the experimentally observable measurement statistics obtained by performing the joint measurement on maximally entangled pairs .	Our analysis thus reveals a directly observable consequence of non-commutativity in the statistics of quantum measurements .
+2	When the mass M ' of the lightest right-handed neutrino is much lighter than the masses of the others , we show that its decay asymmetries within flavour-dependent leptogenesis can be expressed in terms of two contributions , one depending on the unique dimension five ( d=5 ) operator generating neutrino masses and one depending on the dimension six ( d=6 ) operator associated with non-unitarity .	We investigate the relation between non-unitarity of the leptonic mixing matrix and leptogenesis .	We discuss how all parameters of the canonical type-I seesaw mechanism can , in principle , be reconstructed from the neutrino mass matrix and the deviation of the effective low-energy leptonic mixing matrix from unitary .	In low-energy seesaw scenarios where small lepton number violation explains the smallness of neutrino masses , the lepton number conserving d=6 operator contribution generically dominates over the d=5 operator contribution which results in a strong enhancement of the flavour-dependent decay asymmetries without any resonance effects .	To calculate the produced final baryon asymmetry , the flavour equilibration effects directly related to non-unitarity have to be taken into account .
+0	Multiwavelength observations of the high-frequency-peaked blazar 1ES2344+514 were performed from 2007 October to 2008 January .	The campaign represents the first contemporaneous data on the object at very high energy ( VHE , E & gt ; 100 GeV ) { \gamma } -ray , X-ray , and UV energies .	Observations with VERITAS in VHE { \gamma } -rays yield a strong detection of 20 { \sigma } with 633 excess events in a total exposure of 18.1 hours live-time .	A strong VHE { \gamma } -ray flare on 2007 December 7 is measured at F ( & gt ; 300 GeV ) = ( 6.76 \pm 0.62 ) \times 10-11 ph cm-2 s-1 , corresponding to 48 % of the Crab Nebula flux .	Excluding this flaring episode , nightly variability at lower fluxes is observed with a time-averaged mean of F ( & gt ; 300 GeV ) = ( 1.06 \pm 0.09 ) \times 10-11 ph cm-2 s-1 ( 7.6 % of the Crab Nebula flux ) .
+3	Mesoscopic models , like the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois model , have fairly accurately reproduced some experimental denaturation curves and the sharp phase transition in the thermodynamic limit .	The local opening of DNA is an intriguing phenomenon from a statistical physics point of view , but is also essential for its biological function .	For instance , the transcription and replication of our genetic code can not take place without the unwinding of the DNA double helix .	Although these biological processes are driven by proteins , there might well be a relation between these biological openings and the spontaneous bubble formation due to thermal fluctuations .	It is , hence , tempting to see whether these models could be used to predict the biological activity of DNA .
+0	While concept-based methods for information retrieval can provide improved performance over more conventional techniques , they require large amounts of effort to acquire the concepts and their qualitative and quantitative relationships .	This paper discusses an architecture for probabilistic concept-based information retrieval which addresses the knowledge acquisition problem .	The architecture makes use of the probabilistic networks technology for representing and reasoning about concepts and includes a knowledge acquisition component which partially automates the construction of concept knowledge bases from data .	We describe two experiments that apply the architecture to the task of retrieving documents about terrorism from a set of documents from the Reuters news service .	The experiments provide positive evidence that the architecture design is feasible and that there are advantages to concept-based methods .
+4	We model this PDF with two approaches -- Fokker-Planck , for which we derive the transport coefficients and associated Langevin equation , and the Castaing distribution that arises from a model for the intermittent turbulent cascade .	The solar wind provides a natural laboratory for observations of MHD turbulence over extended temporal scales .	Here , we apply a model independent method of differencing and rescaling to identify self-similarity in the Probability Density Functions ( PDF ) of fluctuations in solar wind bulk plasma parameters as seen by the WIND spacecraft .	Whereas the fluctuations of speed v and IMF magnitude B are multi-fractal , we find that the fluctuations in the ion density rho , energy densities B^2 and rho v^2 as well as MHD-approximated Poynting flux vB^2 are mono-scaling on the timescales up to ~26 hours .	The single curve , which we find to describe the fluctuations PDF of all these quantities up to this timescale , is non-Gaussian .
+0	Actin cytoskeletal protrusions in crawling cells , or lamellipodia , exhibit various morphological properties such as two characteristic peaks in the distribution of filament orientation with respect to the leading edge .	To understand these properties , using the dendritic nucleation model as a basis for cytoskeletal restructuring , a kinetic-population model with orientational-dependent branching ( birth ) and capping ( death ) is constructed and analyzed .	Optimizing for growth yields a relation between the branch angle and filament orientation that explains the two characteristic peaks .	The model also exhibits a subdominant population that allows for more accurate modeling of recent measurements of filamentous actin density along the leading edge of lamellipodia in keratocytes .	Finally , we explore the relationship between orientational and spatial organization of filamentous actin in lamellipodia and address recent observations of a prevalence of overlapping filaments to branched filaments -- -a finding that is claimed to be in contradiction with the dendritic nucleation model .
+3	For the streams that we consider , and our particular choice of potential parameterisation , these errors are of order ~20 % on the halo flattening parameters .	Tidal streams are a powerful probe of the Milky Way ( MW ) potential shape .	In this paper , we introduce a simple test particle method to fit stream data , using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique to marginalise over uncertainties in the progenitor 's orbit and the Milky Way halo shape parameters .	Applying it to mock data of thin streams in the MW halo , we show that , even for very cold streams , stream-orbit offsets - not modelled in our simple method - introduce systematic biases in the recovered shape parameters .	However , larger systematic errors can arise for more general streams and potentials ; such offsets need to be correctly modelled in order to obtain an unbiased recovery of the underlying potential .
+0	We discuss the geometry and topology of the complete , non-compact , Ricci-flat Stenzel metric , on the tangent bundle of S^ { n+1 } .	We obtain explicit results for all the metrics , and show how they can be obtained from first-order equations derivable from a superpotential .	We then provide an explicit construction for the harmonic self-dual ( p , q ) -forms in the middle dimension p+q= ( n+1 ) for the Stenzel metrics in 2 ( n+1 ) dimensions .	Only the ( p , p ) -forms are L^2-normalisable , while for ( p , q ) -forms the degree of divergence grows with |p-q| .	We also construct a set of Ricci-flat metrics whose level surfaces are U ( 1 ) bundles over a product of N Einstein-Kahler manifolds , and we construct examples of harmonic forms there .
+1	In the case of infinite dimensions , one-particle correlations of the impurity electron are described by the effective Hamiltonian of the two-impurity system .	We consider the Hubbard model with a magnetic Anderson impurity coupled to a lattice site .	One of the impurities interacts with a bath of free electrons and represents the Hubbard lattice , and the other is coupled to the first impurity by the bare hybridization interaction .	A study of the effective two-impurity Hamiltonian in the frame of the 1/N expansion and for the case of a weak conduction-electron interaction ( small U ) reveals an enhancement of the usual exponential Kondo scale .	However , an intermediate interaction ( U/D = 1 - 3 ) , treated by the variational principle , leads to the loss of the exponential scale .
+4	This subject is timely and of importance in light of the increasing utilization of these devices in a variety of systems , including quantum key distribution and single-photon wavepacket measurement and conformation .	Many components that are employed in quantum information and communication systems are well known photonic devices encountered in standard optical fiber communication systems , such as optical beamsplitters , waveguide couplers and junctions , electro-optic modulators and optical fiber links .	The use of these photonic devices is becoming increasingly important especially in the context of their possible integration either in a specifically designed system or in an already deployed end-to-end fiber link .	Whereas the behavior of these devices is well known under the classical regime , in some cases their operation under quantum conditions is less well understood .	This paper reviews the salient features of the quantum scattering theory describing both the operation of the electro-optic phase and amplitude modulators in discrete and continuous-mode formalisms .
+3	We give full description of this relation when $ \kappa $ is finite .	A set-system $ X $ is a $ ( \lambda , \kappa , \mu ) $ -system iff $ |X|=\lambda $ , $ |x|=\kappa $ for each $ x\in X $ , and $ X $ is $ \mu $ -almost disjoint .	We write $ [ \lambda , \kappa , \mu ] - & gt ; \rho $ iff every $ ( \lambda , \kappa , \mu ) $ -system has a `` conflict free coloring with $ \rho $ colors '' , i.e.there is a coloring of the elements of $ \cup X $ with $ \rho $ colors such that for each element $ x $ of $ X $ there is a color $ \xi & lt ; \rho $ such that exactly one element of $ x $ has color $ \xi $ .	Our main object of study is the relation $ [ \lambda , \kappa , \mu ] - & gt ; \rho $ .	We also show that if $ d $ is a natural number then $ [ \lambda , \kappa , d ] - & gt ; \omega $ always holds .
+3	The group-theoretical structure of the hierarchy exhibits many interesting features , which have been studied starting from the low-p forms .	The introduction of a non-abelian gauge group embedded into the rigid symmetry group G of a field theory with abelian vector fields and no corresponding charges , requires in general the presence of a hierarchy of p-form gauge fields .	The full gauge algebra of this hierarchy can be defined independently of a specific theory and is encoded in the embedding tensor that determines the gauge group .	When applied to specific Lagrangians , the algebra is deformed in an intricate way and in general will only close up to equations of motion .	Here the question is addressed what happens generically for high values of p. In addition a number of other features is discussed concerning the role that the p-forms play in various deformations of the theory .
+1	The Origin 2 .	In this paper the history of the founding and of the development of the Amaldi Conferences is described with special reference to the following aspects and questions : 1 .	The Vision of a European CISAC ( Committee on International Security and Arms Control ) 3 .	Changes in the Political Landscape and their Consequences 4 .	Discussions on Widening the Scope of the Amaldi Conferences 5 .
+2	For a single D-brane , diffeomorphism invariance acts in a naive way on the world-volume fields , but for multiple D-branes , the meaning of diffeomorphism invariance is much more obscure .	In this paper we study the action for N D0-branes in a curved background .	In particular , we focus on the meaning of space-time diffeomorphism invariance .	The problem goes beyond the determination of an ordering of the U ( N ) -valued fields , because one can show that there is no lift of ordinary diffeomorphisms to matrix-valued diffeomorphisms .	On the other hand , the action can presumably be constructed from perturbative string theory calculations .
+1	If we respect the no-signaling principle , byproduct operators can not be avoided .	In the measurement-based quantum computing , there is a natural `` causal cone '' among qubits of the resource state , since the measurement angle on a qubit has to depend on previous measurement results in order to correct the effect of byproduct operators .	In this paper , we study the possibility of acausal measurement-based quantum computing by using the process matrix framework [ O. Oreshkov , F. Costa , and C. Brukner , Nature Communications { \bf3 } , 1092 ( 2012 ) ] .	We construct a resource process matrix for acausal measurement-based quantum computing .	The resource process matrix is an analog of the resource state of the causal measurement-based quantum computing .
+3	In this work , we revisit this problem considering the angular momentum of the disk is removed predominantly by the magnetically driven outflows .	Large scale magnetic field threading an accretion disk is a key ingredient in the jet formation model .	The most attractive scenario for the origin of such a large scale field is the advection of the field by the gas in the accretion disk from the interstellar medium or a companion star .	However , it is realized that outward diffusion of the accreted field is fast compared to the inward accretion velocity in a geometrically thin accretion disk if the value of the Prandtl number Pm is around unity .	The radial velocity of the disk is significantly increased due to the presence of the outflows .
+3	Besides extensions to nonequidistant sampling schemes analytic properties of the Pareto-L\ ' { e } vy copula which , to the best of our knowledge , have not been mentioned before in the literature are provided as well .	In this paper nonparametric methods to assess the multivariate L\ ' { e } vy measure are introduced .	Starting from high-frequency observations of a L\ ' { e } vy process $ \mathbf { X } $ , we construct estimators for its tail integrals and the Pareto-L\ ' { e } vy copula and prove weak convergence of these estimators in certain function spaces .	Given n observations of increments over intervals of length $ \Delta_n $ , the rate of convergence is $ k_n^ { -1/2 } $ for $ k_n=n\Delta_n $ which is natural concerning inference on the L\ ' { e } vy measure .	We conclude with a short simulation study on the performance of our estimators and apply them to real data .
+4	Taking clue from quark mixing phenomenology , an analogous analysis of the leptonic unitarity triangle allows an estimate of the likely presence of CP violation in the leptonic sector .	The CKM and PMNS matrices have been constructed based on the latest measurements , largely free from theoretical inputs as well as likely NP effects in the case of the former .	To facilitate the construction of the CKM matrix in the PDG representation as well as in view of the comparatively large error in the measured value of the CP violating phase \delta , the possibility of its construction from the tree level measured CKM elements has also been explored using the unitarity triangle .	In view of the persistent difference between the |V_ { ub } | exclusive and inclusive values , we have carried out separate analyses corresponding to these .	The PMNS matrix has been constructed by incorporating the constraints due to solar and atmospheric neutrinos as well as by giving full variation to the Dirac-like CP violating phase \delta and considering different values of s_ { 13 } having implications for different models of lepton mass matrices .
+2	A 2.5 MeV gamma beam with an envisaged intensity of 10^15 s^-1 , as ultimately envisaged for an ERL-based gamma-beam facility , narrow band width ( 10^-3 ) , and extremely low emittance ( 10^-4 mm^2 mrad^2 ) offers the possibility to produce a high-intensity bright polarized positron beam .	Presently large efforts are conducted towards the development of highly brilliant gamma beams via Compton back scattering of photons from a high-brilliance electron beam , either on the basis of a normal-conducting electron linac or a ( superconducting ) Energy Recovery Linac ( ERL ) .	Particularly ERL 's provide an extremely brilliant electron beam , thus enabling to generate highest-quality gamma beams .	Pair production in a face-on irradiated W converter foil ( 200 micron thick , 10 mm long ) would lead to the emission of 2 x 10^13 ( fast ) positrons per second , which is four orders of magnitude higher compared to strong radioactive ^22Na sources conventionally used in the laboratory.Using a stack of converter foils and subsequent positron moderation , a high-intensity low-energy beam of moderated positrons can be produced .	Two different source setups are presented : a high-brightness positron beam with a diameter as low as 0.2 mm , and a high-intensity beam of 3 x 10^11 moderated positrons per second .
+4	Moreover , cocycle conjugate actions have isomorphic associated equivariant Cuntz semigroups .	We introduce an equivariant version of the Cuntz semigroup , that takes an action of a compact group into account .	The equivariant Cuntz semigroup is naturally a semimodule over the representation semiring of the given group .	Moreover , this semimodule satisfies a number of additional structural properties .	We show that the equivariant Cuntz semigroup , as a functor , is continuous and stable .
+1	We analyze the halo catalogue and the semi-analytic galaxy catalogue of the recent Millennium Run Simulation to measure the EE and ED correlations numerically at four different redshifts ( z=0 , 0.5 , 1 and 2 ) .	The formation of dark matter halos tends to occur anisotropically along the filaments of the Cosmic Web , which induces both ellipticity-ellipticity ( EE ) correlations between the shapes of halos , as well as ellipticity-direction ( ED ) cross-correlations between halo shapes and the directions to neighboring halos .	For the EE correlations , we find that ( i ) the major-axis correlation is strongest while the intermediate-axis correlation is weakest ; ( ii ) the signal is significant at distances out to 10 Mpc/h ; ( iii ) the signal decreases as z decreases ; ( iv ) and its behavior depends strongly on the halo mass scale , with larger masses showing stronger correlations at large distances .	For the ED correlations , we find that ( i ) the correlations are much stronger than the EE correlations , and are significant even out to distances of 50 Mpc/h ; ( ii ) the signal also decreases as z decreases ; ( iii ) and it increases with halo mass at all distances .	We also provide empirical fitting functions for the EE and ED correlations .
+1	Using exponential distributions as priors for clocks , we analyze the case of a single precessing spin .	We bring a Bayesian viewpoint to the analysis of clocks .	We find that , at least with a single qubit , quantum mechanics does not allow exact timekeeping , in contrast to classical mechanics which does .	We find the optimal ratio of angular velocity of precession to rate of the exponential distribution that leads to maximum accuracy .	Further , we find an energy versus accuracy tradeoff -- - the energy cost is at least $ k_BT $ times the improvement in accuracy as measured by the entropy reduction in going from the prior distribution to the posterior distribution .
+2	We also describe new data structures for maintaining a dynamic vertex set S in a sparse or minor-closed graph family , and querying the number of vertices not dominated by S ; for minor-closed graph families the time per update is constant , while it is sublinear for any sparse graph family .	We describe algorithms , based on Avis and Fukuda 's reverse search paradigm , for listing all maximal independent sets in a sparse graph in polynomial time and delay per output .	For bounded degree graphs , our algorithms take constant time per set generated ; for minor-closed graph families , the time is O ( n ) per set , and for more general sparse graph families we achieve subquadratic time per set .	We can also maintain a dynamic vertex set in an arbitrary m-edge graph and test the independence of the maintained set in time O ( sqrt m ) per update .	We use the domination data structures as part of our enumeration algorithms .
+3	Furthermore , we show that the addition of adsorbing polymers on silica particles can be used to suppress the instability under particular conditions of molecular weight and concentration .	We report an experimental study on the drying of silica colloidal dispersions .	Here we focus on a surface instability occurring in a drying paste phase before crack formation which affects the final film quality .	Observations at macroscopic and microscopic scales reveal the occurrence of the instability , and the morphology of the film surface .	We relate this suppression to the increase of the paste elastic modulus .
+4	Based on our analysis , it is found that the influence from different noise regions strongly depends on the communication bandwidth , i.e. , the symbol rate .	Oscillator phase noise ( PN ) is one of the major problems that affect the performance of communication systems .	In this paper , a direct connection between oscillator measurements , in terms of measured single-side band PN spectrum , and the optimal communication system performance , in terms of the resulting error vector magnitude ( EVM ) due to PN , is mathematically derived and analyzed .	First , a statistical model of the PN , considering the effect of white and colored noise sources , is derived .	Then , we utilize this model to derive the modified Bayesian Cramer-Rao bound on PN estimation , and use it to find an EVM bound for the system performance .
+1	Such fields allow new polarization phenomena in neutron diffraction and optics and provide , for instance , a new feasibility of a search for the neutron electric dipole moment ( EDM ) .	Recently strong electric fields ( up to 10^9 V/cm ) have been discovered , which affect the neutrons moving in noncentrosymmetric crystals .	A series of experiments was carried out in a few last years on study of the dynamical diffraction of polarized neutrons in thick ( 1-10 cm ) quartz crystals , using the forward diffraction beam and Bragg angles close to 90^0 .	As well new neutron optics phenomena were investigated .	The feasibility of experiment on a search for neutron EDM using Laue diffraction in crystals without a center of symmetry was tested at the reactors : WWR-M in Gatchina and HFR in Grenoble .
+4	Therefore , care should be taken when interpreting ( experimental ) data for diluted antiferromagnets in a field using the random-field Ising model .	We perform large-scale Monte Carlo simulations using the Machta-Newman-Chayes algorithms to study the critical behavior of both the diluted antiferromagnet in a field with 30 % dilution and the random-field Ising model with Gaussian random fields for different field strengths .	Analytical calculations by Cardy [ Phys.Rev .	B 29 , 505 ( 1984 ) ] predict that both models map onto each other and share the same universality class in the limit of vanishing fields .	However , a detailed finite-size scaling analysis of both the Binder cumulant and the two-point finite-size correlation length suggests that even in the limit of small fields , where the mapping is expected to work , both models are not in the same universality class .
+0	We give a thorough investigation of sequences of uniformly rotating , homogeneous axisymmetric Newtonian equilibrium configurations that bifurcate from highly flattened Maclaurin spheroids .	Each one of these sequences possesses a mass-shedding limit .	Starting at this point , the sequences proceed towards the Maclaurin sequence and beyond .	The first sequence leads to the well known Dyson rings , whereas the end points of the higher sequences are characterized by the formation of a two-body system , either a core-ring system ( for the second , the fourth etc .	sequence ) or a two-ring system ( for the third , the fifth etc.sequence ) .
+0	This study presents the final source catalog of the Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 ( ChASeM33 ) .	With a total exposure time of 1.4 Ms , ChASeM33 covers ~70 % of the D25 isophote ( R\approx4kpc ) of M33 and provides the deepest , most complete , and detailed look at a spiral galaxy in X-rays .	The source catalog includes 662 sources , reaches a limiting unabsorbed luminosity of ~2.4x10^ ( 34 ) erg/s in the 0.35-8.0keV energy band , and contains source positions , source net counts , fluxes and significances in several energy bands , and information on source variability .	The analysis challenges posed by ChASeM33 and the techniques adopted to address these challenges are discussed .	To constrain the nature of the detected X-ray source , hardness ratios were constructed and spectra were fit for 254 sources , followup MMT spectra of 116 sources were acquired , and cross-correlations with previous X-ray catalogs and other multi-wavelength data were generated .
+2	Nucleosynthesis calculations have been performed during the stellar evolution and the jetlike supernova explosion of a collapsar model , where the weak s- , p- , and r-processes are taken into account .	We investigate the nucleosynthesis in a massive star of 70 M_solar with solar metallicity in the main sequence stage .	The helium core mass after hydrogen burning corresponds to 32 M_solar .	We confirm that s-elements of 60 & lt ; A & lt ; 90 are highly overproduced relative to the solar abundances in the hydrostatic nucleosynthesis .	During oxygen burning , p-elements of A & gt ; 90 are produced via photodisintegrations of seed s-elements .
+2	In this work we study the fate of the linear perturbations of a homogeneous gas sphere both analytically and numerically .	Understanding the formation of binary and multiple stellar systems largely comes down to studying the circumstances for the fragmentation of a condensing core during the first stages of the collapse .	However , the probability of fragmentation and the number of fragments seem to be determined to a large degree by the initial conditions .	In particular , we investigate the stability of the well-known homologous solution that describes the collapse of a uniform spherical cloud .	The difficulty of the mathematical singularity in the perturbation equations is surpassed here by explicitly introducing a weak shock next to the sonic point .
+0	Open-world query answering is the problem of deciding , given a set of facts , conjunction of constraints , and query , whether the facts and constraints imply the query .	This amounts to reasoning over all instances that include the facts and satisfy the constraints .	We study finite open-world query answering ( FQA ) , which assumes that the underlying world is finite and thus only considers the finite completions of the instance .	The major known decidable cases of FQA derive from the following : the guarded fragment of first-order logic , which can express referential constraints ( data in one place points to data in another ) but can not express number restrictions such as functional dependencies ; and the guarded fragment with number restrictions but on a signature of arity only two .	In this paper , we give the first decidability results for FQA that combine both referential constraints and number restrictions for arbitrary signatures : we show that , for unary inclusion dependencies and functional dependencies , the finiteness assumption of FQA can be lifted up to taking the finite implication closure of the dependencies .
+0	An eigenfunction expansion method involving hypergeometric functions is used to solve the partial differential equation governing the transport of radiation in an X-ray pulsar accretion column containing a radiative shock .	The procedure yields the exact solution for the Green 's function , which describes the scattering of monochromatic radiation injected into the column from a source located near the surface of the star .	Collisions between the injected photons and the infalling electrons cause the radiation to gain energy as it diffuses through the gas and gradually escapes by passing through the walls of the column .	The presence of the shock enhances the energization of the radiation and creates a power-law spectrum at high energies , which is typical for a Fermi process .	The analytical solution for the Green 's function provides important physical insight into the spectral formation process in X-ray pulsars , and it also has direct relevance for the interpretation of spectral data for these sources .
+3	The squeezing of the non-Abelian electric field $ \sqrt { \sum_a ( E^a_i ) ^2 } $ between a pair of static quark and anti-quark occurs due to the solenoidal current coming from the gauge-invariant monopole-like quantity .	The dual Meissner effect is described and numerically observed in a gauge-invariant way in lattice Monte-Carlo simulations of pure SU ( 2 ) QCD .	A gauge-invariant Abelian-like field strength is defined in terms of a unit-vector in color space which is constructed by a non-Abelian field strength itself .	A gauge-invariant monopole-like quantity is defined by a violation of the Bianchi identity with respect to the Abelian-like field strength .	An equation similar to the dual London equation is confirmed approximately in the long-range region .
+3	For example , the electrons appear to form a Landau Fermi liquid , but this interpretation is problematic ; any trace of Mott phenomena , as signified by incommensurate antiferromagnetic fluctuations , is absent , and the uniform spin susceptibility shows a ferromagnetic upturn .	The extreme variability of observables across the phase diagram of the cuprate high temperature superconductors has remained a profound mystery , with no convincing explanation of the superconducting dome .	While much attention has been paid to the underdoped regime of the hole-doped cuprates because of its proximity to a complex Mott insulating phase , little attention has been paid to the overdoped regime .	Experiments are beginning to reveal that the phenomenology of the overdoped regime is just as puzzling .	Here we show and justify that many of these puzzles can be resolved if we assume that competing ferromagnetic fluctuations are simultaneously present with superconductivity , and the termination of the superconducting dome in the overdoped regime marks a quantum critical point beyond which there should be a genuine ferromagnetic phase at zero temperature .
+0	The study of impurities in antiferromagnets is of considerable interest in condensed matter physics .	In this paper we address the elementary question of the effect of vacancies on the orientation of the surrounding magnetic moments in an antiferromagnet .	In the presence of a magnetic field , alternating magnetic moments are induced , which can be described by a universal expression that is valid in any ordered antiferromagnet and turns out to be independent of temperature over a large range .	The universality is not destroyed by quantum fluctuation , which is demonstrated by quantum Monte Carlo simulations in the two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet .	Physical predictions for finite doping are made , which are relevant for experiments probing Knight shifts and the order parameter .
+3	The conductance between the cylinders has resonant behavior .	The electron transport in a four-terminal nanodevice consisting of two crossed nanotubes is investigated in the framework of the Landauer-Buttiker formalism .	The evident formula for the ballistic conductance of the device is found using a model of crossed conductive cylinders with a point contact between them .	Sharp conductance dips stipulated by resonance scattering on the contact are shown to appear in the conductance of the first cylinder .	The form and the position of resonant peaks are studied .
+1	In this paper we propose a Bayesian computational approach based on a sequential Monte Carlo ( SMC ) sampler to estimate such distributions .	The multivariate extended skew-normal distribution allows for accommodating raw data which are skewed and heavy tailed , and has at least three appealing statistical properties , namely closure under conditioning , affine transformations , and marginalization .	The practical implementation of each step of the algorithm is discussed and the elicitation of prior distributions takes into consideration some unusual behaviour of the likelihood function and the corresponding Fisher information matrix .	Using Monte Carlo simulations , we provide strong evidence regarding the performances of the SMC sampler as well as some new insights regarding the parametrizations of the extended skew-normal distribution .	A generalization to the extended skew-normal sample selection model is also presented .
+0	ANTARES is the first undersea neutrino detector ever built and presently the neutrino telescope with the largest effective area operating in the Northern Hemisphere .	A three- dimensional array of photomultiplier tubes detects the Cherenkov light induced by the muons produced in the interaction of high energy neutrinos with the matter surrounding the detector .	The detection of astronomical neutrino sources is one of the main goals of ANTARES .	The search for point-like neutrino sources with the ANTARES telescope is described and the preliminary results obtained with data collected from 2007 to 2010 are shown .	No cosmic neutrino source has been observed and neutrino flux upper limits have been calculated for the most promising source candidates .
+3	We prove that a ( pan , even hole ) -free graph can be decomposed by clique cutsets into essentially unit circular-arc graphs .	A hole is a chordless cycle with at least four vertices .	A pan is a graph which consists of a hole and a single vertex with precisely one neighbor on the hole .	An even hole is a hole with an even number of vertices .	This structure theorem is the basis of our $ O ( nm ) $ -time certifying algorithm for recognizing ( pan , even hole ) -free graphs and for our $ O ( n^ { 2.5 } +nm ) $ -time algorithm to optimally color them .
+2	Each telescopes consists of 7 parabolic reflectors , each viewed by a fast phototube behind a 3 $ ^\circ $ mask at the focus .	Pachmarhi Array of \v { C } erenkov Telescopes ( PACT ) has been designed to search for celestial TeV $ \gamma- $ rays using the wavefront sampling technique .	PACT , located at Pachmarhi , ( latitude 22 $ ^\circ $ 28 $ ^\prime $ N , longitude 76 $ ^\circ $ 26 $ ^\prime $ E , altitude 1075 m ) consists of 25 telescopes deployed over an area of 80 m $ \times $ 100m .	The density and the arrival time of the photons at the PMT are recorded for each shower .	The energy threshold and collection area of the array are estimated , from Monte Carlo simulations , to be $ \sim $ 900 GeV and 10 $ ^5 $ m $ ^2 $ respectively .
+4	We are thus able to uncover co-regulated gene sets and begin describing the cell circuitry of gene regulation .	Genetic variation affecting gene regulation is a central driver of phenotypic differences between individuals and can be used to uncover how biological processes are organized in a cell .	Although detecting cis-eQTLs is now routine , trans-eQTLs have proven more challenging to find due to the modest variance explained and the multiple tests burden of testing millions of SNPs for association to thousands of transcripts .	Here , we successfully map trans-eQTLs with the complementary approach of looking for SNPs associated to the expression of multiple genes simultaneously .	We find 732 trans- eQTLs that replicate across two continental populations ; each trans-eQTL controls large groups of target transcripts ( regulons ) , which are part of interacting networks controlled by transcription factors .
+1	Such vortices can occur as a result of global rotation of the early universe .	We study the possibility of the vortices formation in axion condensate on the galactic scale .	We study analytical models of vortices and calculate exemplary galaxy rotation curves .	Depending on the setup it is possible to obtain a variety of shapes which give a good qualitative agreement with observational results .	However , as we show , the extremely low velocity dispersions of the axions velocity are required to form the single vortex on the galactic scales .
+2	Contrary to expectations , some of the galaxies emit strongly at 8 micron indicating the presence of hot dust and/or PAHs .	We present mid-infrared Spitzer Space Telescope observations of a complete sample of star-forming dwarf galaxies selected from the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey .	The galaxies span a wide range in mid-infrared properties .	The ratio of this mid-infrared dust emission to the stellar emission is compared with the galaxies ' luminosity , star-formation rate , metallicity , and optical reddening .	We find that the strength of the 8.0 micron dust emission to the stellar emission ratio is more strongly correlated with the star-formation rate than it is with the metallicity or the optical reddening in these systems .
+4	The theory also has a discrete spectrum of localized objects described by non-singular spacetime geometries .	A model of 3+1 dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant coupled to abelian gauge fields has been proposed as a gravity dual for Lifshitz like critical phenomena in 2+1 dimensions .	The finite temperature behavior is described by black holes that are asymptotic to the Lifshitz fixed point geometry .	There is a one-parameter family of charged black holes , where the magnitude of the charge is uniquely determined by the black hole area .	These black holes are thermodynamically stable and become extremal in the limit of vanishing size .
+4	We argue that the $ K3 $ orbifold with spin connection embedded in gauge connection corresponds to an interacting conformal field theory in the Type I theory .	We study superstrings with orientifold projections and with generalized open string boundary conditions ( D-branes ) .	We find two types of consistency condition , one related to the algebra of Chan-Paton factors and the other to cancellation of divergences .	One consequence is that the Dirichlet 5-branes of the Type I theory carry a symplectic gauge group , as required by string duality .	As another application we study the Type I theory on a $ K3 $ $ Z_2 $ orbifold , finding a family of consistent theories with various unitary and symplectic subgroups of $ U ( 16 ) \times U ( 16 ) $ .
+0	Dynamic processes in dispersions of charged spherical particles are of importance both in fundamental science , and in technical and bio-medical applications .	There exists a large variety of charged-particles systems , ranging from nanometer-sized electrolyte ions to micron-sized charge-stabilized colloids .	We review recent advances in theoretical methods for the calculation of linear transport coefficients in concentrated particulate systems , with the focus on hydrodynamic interactions and electrokinetic effects .	Considered transport properties are the dispersion viscosity , self- and collective diffusion coefficients , sedimentation coefficients , and electrophoretic mobilities and conductivities of ionic particle species in an external electric field .	Advances by our group are also discussed , including a novel mode-coupling-theory method for conduction-diffusion and viscoelastic properties of strong electrolyte solutions .
+4	Then , we measure 466 modes of the normalized bispectrum , all independent combinations of three-point configurations up to a maximum multipole of 20 , the mode corresponding to the DMR beam size .	We measure the angular bispectrum of the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) radiation anisotropy from the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometer ( DMR ) four-year sky maps .	The angular bispectrum is the harmonic transform of the three-point correlation function , analogous to the angular power spectrum , the harmonic transform of the two-point correlation function .	First , we study statistical properties of the bispectrum and the normalized bispectrum .	We find the latter more useful for statistical analysis ; the distribution of the normalized bispectrum is very much Gaussian , while the bare bispectrum distribution is highly non-Gaussian .
+4	Baryons propagating in the pion condensate will have their masses modified by pion-baryon scattering parameters .	The extraction of meson-baryon scattering parameters from lattice QCD is complicated by the necessity , in some channels , of including annihilation diagrams .	We consider a strategy to avoid the need for these extremely costly and noisy contributions .	The strategy is based on simulations with an isospin chemical potential which , contrary to a baryon chemical potential , has no sign problem .	When the isospin chemical potential is larger than a critical value , a charged pion condensate forms .
+2	We consider coarse-grained descriptions of three types of anisotropic structures : ( i ) Liquid-crystal-like composites ( ii ) Stratified composites ( iii ) Staggered composites , for different crack orientations .	Soft constituent materials endow biological composites , such as bone , dentin and nacre , with viscoelastic properties that may play an important role in their remarkable fracture resistance .	In this paper we calculate the scaling properties of the quasi-static energy release rate and the viscoelastic contribution to the fracture energy of various biological composites , using both perturbative and non-perturbative approaches .	In addition , we briefly discuss the implications of anisotropy for fracture criteria .	Our analysis highlights the dominant lengthscales and scaling properties of viscoelastic fracture of biological composites .
+2	Moreover the exponential growth rate of this sequence is proportional to the volume of the 3-manifold obtained by $ ( 1/\a,0 ) $ Dehn filling .	Given a knot in 3-space , one can associate a sequence of Laurrent polynomials , whose $ n $ th term is the $ n $ th colored Jones polynomial .	The Generalized Volume Conjecture states that the value of the $ n $ -th colored Jones polynomial at $ \exp ( 2 \pi i \a/n ) $ is a sequence of complex numbers that grows exponentially , for a fixed real angle $ \a $ .	In this paper we will prove that ( a ) for every knot , the limsup in the hyperbolic volume conjecture is finite and bounded above by an exponential function that depends on the number of crossings .	( b ) Moreover , for every knot $ K $ there exists a positive real number $ \a ( K ) $ ( which depends on the number of crossings of the knot ) such that the Generalized Volume Conjecture holds for $ \a \in [ 0 , \a ( K ) ) $ .
+2	Since these two holograms are captured at different moments , they are slightly different from each other for fluctuations of noises .	An experimental method for suppression of DC term in the reconstructed images from Fresnel digital holograms is presented .	In this method , two holograms for the same object are captured sequentially and subtracted .	The DC term is suppressed in the image reconstructed from the subtraction hologram , while the two virtual and real images are successfully reconstructed .	This method can be potentially used for the improvement of image quality reconstructed from Fresnel digital holograms .
+4	In contrast to existing models , the proposed model incorporates both , the discrete age structure and continuous label dynamics .	In most biological studies and processes , cell proliferation and population dynamics play an essential role .	Due to this ubiquity , a multitude of mathematical models has been developed to describe these processes .	While the simplest models only consider the size of the overall populations , others take division numbers and labeling of the cells into account .	In this work , we present a modeling and computational framework for proliferating cell population undergoing symmetric cell division .
+1	Such effective action ( in large $ N $ approximation and expansion on curvature ) is used to study quantum aspects of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes ( SdS BHs ) in nearly degenerated limit ( Nariai BH ) .	We calculate the one-loop effective action for conformal matter ( scalars , spinors and vectors ) on spherically symmetric background .	We show that for all types of above matter SdS BHs may evaporate or anti-evaporate in accordance with recent observation by Bousso and Hawking for minimal scalars .	Some remarks about energy flow for SdS BHs in regime of evaporation or anti-evaporation are also done .	Study of no boundary condition shows that this condition supports anti-evaporation for nucleated BHs ( at least in frames of our approximation ) .
+0	Uncertainties in the theoretical prediction for the inclusive $ B\to X_s\gamma $ decay rate are discussed .	We emphasize that there is no operator product expansion for this process .	Nonetheless , some nonperturbative effects involving a virtual $ c\bar c $ loop are calculable using the operator product expansion .	They give a contribution to the decay rate that involves the B meson matrix element of an infinite tower of operators .	The higher dimension operators give effects that are only suppressed by powers of $ m_b\Lambda_ { QCD } /m_c^2 \sim 0.6 $ , but come with small coefficients .
+2	We provide an empirical determination of the A-coefficient ratios of bright [ Fe II ] lines , which would represent both a valid benchmark for theoretical computations and a reference for the physical interpretation of the observed lines .	The Einstein spontaneous rates ( A-coefficients ) of Fe^+ lines have been computed by several authors , with results that differ from each other up to 40 % .	Consequently , models for line emissivities suffer from uncertainties which in turn affect the determination of the physical conditions at the base of line excitation .	With the ESO-VLT X-shooter instrument between 3,000 A , and 24,700 A , we obtained a spectrum of the bright Herbig-Haro object HH1 .	We detect around 100 [ Fe II ] lines , some of which with a signal-to-noise ratio & gt ; 100 .
+1	In this paper , we present DisturbLabel , an extremely simple algorithm which randomly replaces a part of labels as incorrect values in each iteration .	During a long period of time we are combating over-fitting in the CNN training process with model regularization , including weight decay , model averaging , data augmentation , etc .	Although it seems weird to intentionally generate incorrect training labels , we show that DisturbLabel prevents the network training from over-fitting by implicitly averaging over exponentially many networks which are trained with different label sets .	To the best of our knowledge , DisturbLabel serves as the first work which adds noises on the loss layer .	Meanwhile , DisturbLabel cooperates well with Dropout to provide complementary regularization functions .
+4	We compared two brainstorming sessions , one performed during a mountain walk , the other traditionally in a room .	Group brainstorming is a well-known idea generation technique , which plays a key role in software development processes .	Despite this , the relevant literature has had little to offer in advancing our understanding of the effectiveness of group brainstorming sessions .	In this paper we present a research-in-progress on brainstorming while walking , which is a practice built upon the relationship between thinking and walking .	The objective is to better understand how to conduct group brainstorming effectively .
+1	Cross sections of all binary interactions which occur in the supersymmetric plasma at the order of e^4 are computed .	Collisional processes in ultrarelativistic N=1 SUSY QED plasma are studied and compared to those in an electromagnetic plasma of electrons , positrons and photons .	Some processes , in particular the Compton scattering on selectrons , appear to be independent of momentum transfer and thus they are qualitatively different from processes in an electromagnetic plasma .	It suggests that transport properties of the SUSY plasma are different than those of its non-supersymmetric counterpart .	Energy loss and momentum broadening of a particle traversing the supersymmetric plasma are discussed in detail and the characteristics are shown to be surprisingly similar to those of QED plasma .
+0	Detailed knowledge of mechanical parameters such as cell elasticity , stiffness of the growth substrate , or traction stresses generated during axonal extensions is essential for understanding the mechanisms that control neuronal growth .	Here we combine Atomic Force Microscopy based force spectroscopy with Fluorescence Microscopy to produce systematic , high-resolution elasticity maps for three different types of live neuronal cells : cortical ( embryonic rat ) , embryonic chick dorsal root ganglion , and P-19 ( mouse embryonic carcinoma stem cells ) neurons .	We measure how the stiffness of neurons changes both during neurite outgrowth and upon disruption of microtubules of the cell .	We find reversible local stiffening of the cell during growth , and show that the increase in local elastic modulus is primarily due to the formation of microtubules .	We also report that cortical and P-19 neurons have similar elasticity maps , with elastic moduli in the range 0.1-2 kPa , with typical average values of 0.4 kPa ( P-19 ) and 0.2 kPa ( cortical ) .
+1	The main objective of such organizations is the exploration of the social energy from the existing societies .	Our subject is oriented towards investigation of potential ways of societal organization , that allow for collective intelligent organization and management of resources .	We conjecture that an organizational model that fulfills the mentioned requirements is the Fractal Social Organization ( FSO ) .	Our goal is to prove and verify the effectiveness of this model by performing various simulations using the NetLogo environment , a tool that allows agent-based rapid prototyping .	We begin by simulating trivial real life activities that demonstrate the main properties of the core unit of the FSO , namely the SoC .
+2	In this process , a charm quark combines with a light antiquark from the hard-scattering process and they subsequently hadronize into a state including the charm meson .	The asymmetries between charm and anticharm mesons observed in fixed-target photoproduction experiments are an order of magnitude larger than the asymmetries predicted by conventional perturbative QCD .	We show that these charm meson asymmetries can be explained by a heavy-quark recombination mechanism for heavy meson production .	This recombination mechanism can be calculated within perturbative QCD up to some nonperturbative constants .	After using symmetries of QCD to reduce the number of free parameters to two , we obtain a good fit to all the data on the asymmetries for charmed mesons from the E687 and E691 experiments .
+0	In this paper we discuss mainly with our proposed non maximally entangled mixed state defined in ( Adhikari \textit { et .	al } , \textit { Quant.Inf.Comp .	} \textbf { 10 } , No .	5 , 0398 , ( 2010 ) ) .	We show that such non maximal entangled state is dependent on its characteristic parameter .
+2	We show that the continuum-continuum couplings substantially reduce the total fusion probability at energies above the barrier compared with the no-breakup case , although the fusion probability remains enhanced at subbarrier energies .	We discuss several open problems of fusion reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei .	For this purpose , we solve a one dimensional three-body Hamiltonian with the coupled-channels formalism .	We then discuss a role of transfer process in fusion of weakly bound nuclei , and point out that removing spurious Pauli forbidden transfer components from the calculation may be crucial at energies below the barrier .	Calculations based on the three-body classical trajectory Monte Carlo ( CTMC ) method are also presented in order to discuss how to model complete fusion process .
+0	We present the most recent measurements of top quark pairs production and top quark properties in proton-antiproton collisions with center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using CDF II detector at the Tevatron .	The combination of top pair production cross section measurements and the direct measurement of top quark width are reported .	The test of Standard Model predictions for top quark decaying into $ b $ -quarks , performed by measuring the ratio $ R $ between the top quark branching fraction to $ b $ -quark and the branching fraction to any type of down quark is shown .	The extraction of the CKM matrix element $ |V_ { tb } | $ from the ratio $ R $ is discussed .	We also present the latest measurements on the forward-backward asymmetry ( $ A_ { FB } $ ) in top anti-top quark production .
+0	A number of issues in heterotic double field theory are studied .	This includes the analysis of the T-dual configurations of a flat constant gauge flux background , which turn out to be non-geometric .	Performing a field redefinition to a non-geometric frame , these T-duals take a very simple form reminiscent of the constant Q- and R-flux backgrounds .	In addition , it is shown how the analysis of arXiv:1304.2784 generalizes to heterotic generalized geometry .	For every field redefinition specified by an O ( D , D+n ) transformation , the structure of the resulting supergravity action is governed by the differential geometry of a corresponding Lie algebroid .
+0	The electrical properties of extracellular space around neurons are important to understand the genesis of extracellular potentials , as well as for localizing neuronal activity from extracellular recordings .	However , the exact nature of these extracellular properties is still uncertain .	We introduce a method to measure the impedance of the tissue , and which preserves the intact cell-medium interface , using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in vivo and in vitro .	We find that neural tissue has marked non-ohmic and frequency-filtering properties , which are not consistent with a resistive ( ohmic ) medium , as often assumed .	In contrast , using traditional metal electrodes provides very different results , more consistent with a resistive medium .
+0	We demonstrate the ability to guide high-frequency photoacoustic waves through thick tissue with a water-filled silica-capillary ( 150 \mu m inner diameter and 30 mm long ) .	An optical-resolution photoacoustic image of a 30 \mu m diameter absorbing nylon thread was obtained by guiding the acoustic waves in the capillary through a 3 cm thick fat layer .	The transmission loss through the capillary was about -20 dB , much lower than the -120 dB acoustic attenuation through the fat layer .	The overwhelming acoustic attenuation of high-frequency acoustic waves by biological tissue can therefore be avoided by the use of a small footprint capillary acoustic waveguide for remote detection .	We finally demonstrate that the capillary can be used as a dual optical-in acoustic-out waveguide , paving the way for the development of minimally invasive optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscopes free of any acoustic or optical elements at their imaging tip .
+4	Finally , we analyze the effects of small cluster mobility , and we show that the introduction of cluster diffusion dramatically affects the dynamics of film growth .	In this paper we briefly review a model that describes the diffusion-controlled aggregation exhibited by particles as they are deposited on a surface .	This model allows to understand many experiments of thin film deposition .	In the first part , we describe the model , which incorporates deposition , particle and cluster diffusion , and aggregation .	In a second part , we study the dynamical evolution of the model .
+2	A { \bf87 } , 033814 ( 2013 ) ] .	We consider a generalized version of the Rabi model that includes a nonlinear , dispersive-type atom-field interaction in addition to the usual linear dipole coupling , as well as cavity dissipation .	An effective system of this sort arises , for example , in a quantum simulation of the Rabi model based upon Raman transitions in an optical cavity QED setting [ A. L. Grimsmo and S. Parkins , Phys.Rev .	For a suitable choice of the nonlinear interaction strength , near degeneracies of the states in the cavity-mode vacuum and single-photon subspaces , in combination with cavity loss , gives rise to an essentially closed cycle of excitations and photon emissions within these subspaces .	Consequently , the cavity output field is strongly antibunched .
+2	Gaussian superpositions of the modes are constructed , and the quantum bohmian trajectories are determined in the framework of the Bohm-de Broglie interpretation of quantum cosmology .	A free scalar field minimally coupled to gravity model is quantized and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in minisuperspace is solved analytically , exhibiting positive and negative frequency modes .	The analysis is performed for positive , negative and zero values of the curvature of the spatial section .	Oscillating universes appear in all cases , but with a characteristic scale of the order of the Planck scale .	Bouncing regular solutions emerge for the flat curvature case .
+1	We propose a two-parameter model for dark energy where the dark energy is sufficiently like dark matter at large scales to keep the CMB unchanged but where it does not cluster at small scales , preventing concordance collapse and erasing power .	The latest Planck results reconfirm the existence of a slight but chronic tension between the best-fit Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) and low-redshift observables : power seems to be consistently lacking in the late universe across a range of observables ( e.g.~weak lensing , cluster counts ) .	We thus exploit the generic scale-dependence of dark energy instead of the more usual time-dependence to address the tension in the data .	The combination of CMB , distance and weak lensing data somewhat prefer our model to $ \Lambda $ CDM , at $ \Delta\chi^2=2.4 $ .	Moreover , this improved solution has $ \sigma_8=0.79 \pm 0.02 $ , consistent with the value implied by cluster counts .
+2	Some new photometry is also presented .	A comparison is made between the properties of CAL 83 , CAL 87 , RX J0513.9-6951 , 1E 0035.4-7230 ( SMC 13 ) , RX J0019.8+2156 , and RX J0925.7-4758 , all supersoft X-ray binaries .	Spectra with the same resolution and wavelength coverage of these systems are compared and contrasted .	The equivalent widths of the principal emission lines of H and He II differ by more than an order of magnitude among these sources , although those of the highest ionization lines ( e.g.O VI ) are very similar .	In individual systems , the velocity curves derived from various ions often differ in phasing and amplitude , but those whose phasing is consistent with the light curves ( implying the lines are formed near the compact star ) give masses of $ \sim 1.2M_ { \odot } $ and $ \sim 0.5M_ { \odot } $ for the degenerate and mass-losing stars , respectively .
+1	Layer systems specify how terms can be divided into layers .	We introduce layer systems for proving generalizations of the modularity of confluence for first-order rewrite systems .	We establish structural conditions on those systems that imply confluence .	Our abstract framework covers known results like modularity , many-sorted persistence , layer-preservation and currying .	We present a counterexample to an extension of persistence to order-sorted rewriting and derive new sufficient conditions for the extension to hold .
+2	At SPS energies the fluctuations in net baryon number at the freeze-out stage for quark gluon plasma and hadronic initial state is close to the Poissonian noise for ideal as well as for EOS obtained by including heavier hadronic degrees of freedom .	We have studied the time evolution of the fluctuations in the net baryon number for different initial conditions and space time evolution scenarios .	We observe that the fluctuations at the freeze-out depend crucially on the equation of state ( EOS ) of the system and for realistic EOS the initial fluctuation is substantially dissipated at the freeze-out stage .	For EOS obtained from the parametrization of lattice QCD results the fluctuation is larger than Poissonian noise .	It is also observed that at RHIC energies the fluctuations at the freeze-out point deviates from the Poissonian noise for ideal as well as realistic equation of state , indicating presence of dynamical fluctuations .
+2	Type I sum corresponds to the case where , in the limit epsilon - & gt ; 0 , the summand reduces to a rational function of nj 's times x1^n1 ... xN^nN ; ci , di 's can depend on an external integer index .	We present algorithms to evaluate two types of multiple sums , which appear in higher-order loop computations .	We consider expansions of a generalized hypergeometric-type sums , $ \sum_ { n_1 , ... , n_N } [ Gamma ( a1.n+c1 ) Gamma ( a2.n } +c2 ) ... Gamma ( aM.n+cM ) ] / [ Gamma ( b1.n+d1 ) Gamma ( b2.n+d2 ) ... Gamma ( bM.n+dM ) ] x1^n1 ... xN^nN $ with $ ai.n=\sum_ { j=1 } ^N a_ { ij } nj $ , etc. , in a small parameter epsilon around rational values of ci , di 's .	Type II sum is a double sum ( N=2 ) , where ci , di 's are half-integers or integers as epsilon - & gt ; 0 and xi=1 ; we consider some specific cases where at most six Gamma functions remain in the limit epsilon - & gt ; 0 .	The algorithms enable evaluations of arbitrary expansion coefficients in epsilon in terms of Z-sums and multiple polylogarithms ( generalized multiple zeta values ) .
+0	A necessary and sufficient condition of the possibility of a deterministic local operations and classical communication ( LOCC ) transformation of three-qubit pure states is given .	The condition shows that the three-qubit pure states are a partially ordered set parametrized by five well-known entanglement parameters and a novel parameter ; the five are the concurrences $ C_ { AB } $ , $ C_ { AC } $ , $ C_ { BC } $ , the tangle $ \tau_ { ABC } $ and the fifth parameter $ J_ { 5 } $ of Ref .	[ 18 ] , while the other new one is the entanglement charge $ Q_ { e } $ .	The order of the partially ordered set is defined by the possibility of a deterministic LOCC transformation from a state to another state .	In this sense , the present condition is an extension of Nielsen 's work [ 20 ] to three-qubit pure states .
+1	By empirical fitting we identify eight possible emission components and summarize the results in a `` synthetic '' lightcurve .	Well-sampled optical lightcurves of 146 gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs ) are compiled from the literature .	Both optical flare and early shallow-decay components are likely related to long-term central engine activities .	We focus on their statistical properties in this paper .	Twenty-four optical flares are obtained from 19 GRBs .
+4	Our analysis reconciles apparently contradictory results found in the literature .	We study a noise-induced bifurcation in the vicinity of the threshold by using a perturbative expansion of the order parameter , called the Poincar\'e-Lindstedt expansion .	Each term of this series becomes divergent in the long time limit if the power spectrum of the noise does not vanish at zero frequency .	These divergencies have a physical consequence : they modify the scaling of all the moments of the order parameter near the threshold and lead to a multifractal behaviour .	We derive this anomalous scaling behaviour analytically by a resummation of the Poincar\'e-Lindstedt series and show that the usual , deterministic , scalings are recovered when the noise has a low frequency cut-off .
+2	We argue that this substructure could be related to the activity of NGC 1275 in the past .	ROSAT HRI observations show complicated substructure in the X-ray surface brightness within $ \sim $ 5 arcminutes around NGC 1275 -- the dominant galaxy of the Perseus cluster .	The typical amplitude of the variations is of the order of 30 % of the azimuthally averaged surface brightness at a given distance from NGC 1275 .	Bubbles of relativistic plasma , inflated by jets , be forced to rise by buoyancy forces , mix with the ambient intracluster medium ( ICM ) , and then spread .	Overall evolution of the bubble may resemble the evolution of a hot bubble during a powerful atmospheric explosion .
+0	Several doped 6H hexagonal ruthenates , having the general formula Ba3MRu2O9 , have been studied over a significant period of time in order to understand the unusual magnetism of ruthenium metal .	However , among them , the M=Fe compound appears different since it is observed that unlike others , the 3d Fe ions and 4d Ru ions can easily exchange their crystallographic positions and as a result many possible magnetic interactions become realizable .	The present study involving several experimental methods on this compound establish that the magnetic structure of Ba3FeRu2O9 is indeed very different from all other 6H ruthenates .	Local structural study reveals that the possible Fe/Ru-site disorder further extends to create local chemical inhomogeneity , affecting the high temperature magnetism of this material .	There is a gradual decrease of 57Fe M\ '' ossbauer spectral intensity with decreasing temperature ( below 100 K ) , which reveals that there is a large spread in the magnetic ordering temperatures , corresponding to many spatially inhomogeneous regions .
+4	It is analytically shown that cascading anisotropic , patterned metallic sheets ( electric sheet admittances ) can provide electric , magnetic , and chiral responses .	Complete control of electromagnetic fields requires particles that exhibit bianisotropic constituent parameters ( i.e.permittivity , permeability , and chirality ) .	Here , methods to analyze and synthesize two-dimensional , bianisotropic metamaterials ( metasurfaces ) are presented .	First , closed-form expressions are derived relating the reflection and transmission coefficients of a general bianisotropic metasurface to its constituent surface parameters .	Next , a systematic method to design bianisotropic metasurfaces is presented .
+3	We construct new splitting formulae that require two , three or four force evaluations per time-step .	We construct numerical integrators for Hamiltonian problems that may advantageously replace the standard Verlet time-stepper within Hybrid Monte Carlo and related simulations .	Past attempts have often aimed at boosting the order of accuracy of the integrator and/or reducing the size of its error constants ; order and error constant are relevant concepts in the limit of vanishing step-length .	We propose an alternative methodology based on the performance of the integrator when sampling from Gaussian distributions with not necessarily small step-lengths .	Limited , proof-of-concept numerical experiments suggest that the new integrators may provide an improvement on the efficiency of the standard Verlet method , especially in problems with high dimensionality .
+1	That consists in determining the quantum state of a mode of light through a homodyne measurement .	This paper deals with a non-parametric problem coming from physics , namely quantum tomography .	We apply several model selection procedures : penalized projection estimators , where we may use pattern functions or wavelets , and penalized maximum likelihood estimators .	In all these cases , we get oracle inequalities .	In the former we also have a polynomial rate of convergence for the non-parametric problem .
+1	The filtration $ \ { \mathscr { K } _n ( M ) \ } _ { n \geq 1 } $ is defined by surgeries on special kinds of claspers in $ M $ .	We study finite type invariants of nullhomologous knots in a closed 3-manifold $ M $ defined in terms of certain descending filtration $ \ { \mathscr { K } _n ( M ) \ } _ { n\geq 1 } $ of the vector space $ \mathscr { K } ( M ) $ spanned by isotopy classes of nullhomologous knots in $ M $ .	When $ M $ is fibered over $ S^1 $ and $ H_1 ( M ) =\mathbb { Z } $ , we show that the natural surgery map from the space of $ \mathbb { Q } [ t^ { \pm 1 } ] $ -colored Jacobi diagrams on $ S^1 $ of degree $ n $ to the graded quotient $ \mathscr { K } _n ( M ) /\mathscr { K } _ { n+1 } ( M ) $ is injective for $ n\leq 2 $ .	This already shows that the classification of nullhomologous knots in $ M $ by finite type invariants considered in this paper is rather fine .	In the proof , we construct a finite type invariant of nullhomologous knots in $ M $ up to degree 2 that is an analogue of the invariant given in our previous paper arXiv:1503.08735 , which is based on Lescop 's construction of $ \mathbb { Z } $ -equivariant perturbative invariant of 3-manifolds evaluated with the explicit propagator given by the author using parametrized Morse thoery .
+0	The relaxors Pb ( Zn $ _ { 1/3 } $ Nb $ _ { 2/3 } $ ) O $ _ { 3 } $ ( PZN ) and Pb ( Mg $ _ { 1/3 } $ Nb $ _ { 2/3 } $ ) O $ _ { 3 } $ ( PMN ) have very similar properties based on the dielectric response around the critical temperature $ T_ { c } $ ( defined by the structural transition under the application of an electric field ) .	It has been widely believed that these materials are quite different below $ T_ { c } $ with the unit cell of PMN remaining cubic while in PZN the low temperature unit cell is rhombohedral in shape .	However , this has been clarified by recent high-energy x-ray studies which have shown that PZN is rhombohedral only in the skin while the shape of the unit cell in the bulk is nearly cubic .	In this study we have performed both neutron elastic and inelastic scattering to show that the temperature dependence of both the diffuse and phonon scattering in PZN and PMN is very similar .	Both compounds show a nearly identical recovery of the soft optic mode and a broadening of the acoustic mode below $ T_ { c } $ .
+0	The aim of this research is twofold : Firstly , to model and solve a complex nurse scheduling problem with an integer programming formulation and evolutionary algorithms .	Secondly , to detail a novel statistical method of comparing and hence building better scheduling algorithms by identifying successful algorithm modifications .	The comparison method captures the results of algorithms in a single figure that can then be compared using traditional statistical techniques .	Thus , the proposed method of comparing algorithms is an objective procedure designed to assist in the process of improving an algorithm .	This is achieved even when some results are non-numeric or missing due to infeasibility .
+4	It should be noted , however , that most of the relations discussed in this book , especially the intimate connection between Zipf 's and Gilbrat 's laws , underlie Zipf 's law in diverse scientific areas .	We summarize a book under publication with his title written by the three present authors , on the theory of Zipf 's law , and more generally of power laws , driven by the mechanism of proportional growth .	The preprint is available upon request from the authors .	For clarity , consistence of language and conciseness , we discuss the origin and conditions of the validity of Zipf 's law using the terminology of firms ' asset values .	We use firms at the entities whose size distributions are to be explained .
+1	This strategy exploits simultaneously the unique flexibility of the LHC collider in running variable beam particle species at variable beam energies , and the configuration flexibility of the LHC detectors .	In this paper we propose a strategy for measuring the inclusive W-boson production processes at LHC .	We propose their concrete settings for a precision measurement of the Standard Model parameters .	These dedicated settings optimise the use of the Z boson and Drell-Yan pair production processes as `` the standard reference candles '' .	The presented strategy allows to factorise and to directly measure those of the QCD effects which affect differently the W and Z production processes .
+1	In order to gain precise understanding of the functionality of polycrystalline electroceramic device materials it is essential to deconvolute these contributions .	The charge transport mechanism and the macroscopic dielectric constant in polycrystalline device materials commonly exhibit several components such as electrode-sample interface , grain boundary and bulk contributions .	The paradigm of functional thermistor ceramics based on thick film spinel manganates has been studied by temperature dependent alternating current impedance spectroscopy .	Three typical relaxation phenomena were detected , which all showed a separated temperature dependence of resistivity consistent with thermally activated charge transport .	The dominating grain boundary and the interface contributions exhibited distinctively different capacitance allowing clear identification .
+0	A topologically-informed method is presented for seeding of hyperstreamlines for visualization of alignment tensor fields .	The method is inspired by and applied to visualization of nematic liquid crystal ( LC ) reorientation dynamics simulations .	The method distributes hyperstreamlines along domain boundaries and edges of a nearest-neighbor graph whose vertices are degenerate regions of the alignment tensor field , which correspond to orientational defects in a nematic LC domain .	This is accomplished without iteration while conforming to a user-specified spacing between hyperstreamlines and avoids possible failure modes associated with hyperstreamline integration in the vicinity of degeneracies of alignment ( orientational defects ) .	It is shown that the presented seeding method enables automated hyperstreamline-based visualization of a broad range of alignment tensor fields which enhances the ability of researchers to interpret these fields and provides an alternative to using glyph-based techniques .
+0	Inverse scattering problem is discussed for the Maxwell 's equations .	A reduction of the Maxwell 's system to a new Fredholm second-kind integral equation with a { \it scalar weakly singular kernel } is given for electromagnetic ( EM ) wave scattering .	This equation allows one to derive a formula for the scattering amplitude in which only a scalar function is present .	If this function is small ( an assumption that validates a Born-type approximation ) , then formulas for the solution to the inverse problem are obtained from the scattering data : the complex permittivity $ \ep ' ( x ) $ in a bounded region $ D\subset \R^3 $ is found from the scattering amplitude $ A ( \beta , \alpha , k ) $ known for a fixed $ k=\omega\sqrt { \ep_0 \mu_0 } & gt ; 0 $ and all $ \beta , \alpha \in S^2 $ , where $ S^2 $ is the unit sphere in $ \R^3 $ , $ \ep_0 $ and $ \mu_0 $ are constant permittivity and magnetic permeability in the exterior region $ D'=\R^3 \setminus D $ .	The { \it novel points } in this paper include : i ) A reduction of the inverse problem for { \it vector EM waves } to a { \it vector integral equation with scalar kernel } without any symmetry assumptions on the scatterer , ii ) A derivation of the { \it scalar integral equation } of the first kind for solving the inverse scattering problem , and iii ) Presenting formulas for solving this scalar integral equation .
+1	A generalized Fermat curve of type $ ( k , n ) $ , where $ k , n \geq 2 $ are integers ( for $ p \neq 0 $ we also assume that $ k $ is relatively prime to $ p $ ) , is a non-singular irreducible projective algebraic curve $ F_ { k , n } $ defined over $ K $ admitting a group of automorphisms $ H \cong { \mathbb Z } _ { k } ^ { n } $ so that $ F_ { k , n } /H $ is the projective line with exactly $ ( n+1 ) $ cone points , each one of order $ k $ .	Let $ K $ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $ p \geq 0 $ .	Such a group $ H $ is called a generalized Fermat group of type $ ( k , n ) $ .	If $ ( n-1 ) ( k-1 ) & gt ; 2 $ , then $ F_ { k , n } $ has genus $ g_ { n , k } & gt ; 1 $ and it is known to be non-hyperelliptic .	In this paper , we prove that every generalized Fermat curve of type $ ( k , n ) $ has a unique generalized Fermat group of type $ ( k , n ) $ if $ ( k-1 ) ( n-1 ) & gt ; 2 $ ( for $ p & gt ; 0 $ we also assume that $ k-1 $ is not a power of $ p $ ) .
+2	The heating due to neutrino-antineutrino annihilation is not included .	We present numerical simulations of axisymmetric magnetised massive tori around rotating black holes taking into account the energy losses due to emission of neutrinos .	A realistic equation of state is used which takes into account the energy losses due to dissociation of nuclei .	We study the cases of optically thick , semi-transparent , and optically thin to neutrino discs .	We show that neutrino cooling does not change significantly the structure of accretion flow and the total energy release .
+1	This arises from a relaxion mechanism that does not depend on QCD dynamics and where the relaxion potential barrier height is controlled by a second axion-like field .	We present a supersymmetric version of a two-field relaxion model that naturalizes tuned versions of supersymmetry .	During the cosmological evolution , the relaxion rolls with a nonzero value that breaks supersymmetry and scans the soft supersymmetric mass terms .	Electroweak symmetry is broken after the soft masses become of order the supersymmetric Higgs mass term and causes the relaxion to stop rolling for superpartner masses up to $ \sim 10^9 $ GeV .	This can explain the tuning in supersymmetric models , including split-SUSY models , while preserving the QCD axion solution to the strong CP problem .
+0	Type IIA string theory compactified on SU ( 3 ) -structure manifolds with orientifolds allows for classical de Sitter solutions in four dimensions .	In this paper we investigate these solutions from a ten-dimensional point of view .	In particular , we demonstrate that there exists an attractive class of de Sitter solutions , whose geometry , fluxes and source terms can be entirely written in terms of the universal forms that are defined on all SU ( 3 ) -structure manifolds .	These are the forms J and Omega , defining the SU ( 3 ) -structure itself , and the torsion classes .	The existence of such universal de Sitter solutions is governed by easy-to-verify conditions on the SU ( 3 ) -structure , rendering the problem of finding dS solutions purely geometrical .
+1	We show that it is likely that the short burst was indeed originating from LS I +61 303 ( although we can not totally exclude the improbable presence of a far-away line-of-sight magnetar ) and that it is a different phenomena with respect to the previously-observed ks-long flares from this system .	We report on the Swift-BAT detection of a short burst from the direction of the TeV binary LS I +61 303 , resembling those generally labelled as magnetar-like .	Accepting as a hypothesis that LS I +61 303 is the first magnetar detected in a binary system , we study which are the implications .	We find that a magnetar-composed LS I +61 303-system would most likely be ( i.e. , for usual magnetar parameters and mass-loss rate ) subject to a flip-flop behavior , from a rotational powered regime ( in apastron ) to a propeller regime ( in periastron ) along each of the LS I +61 303 , eccentric orbital motion .	We prove that whereas near apastron an inter-wind shock can lead to the normally observed LS I +61 303behavior , with TeV emission , the periastron propeller is expected to efficiently accelerate particles only to sub-TeV energies .
+3	The puzzle asks to compose a 2x2x2 cube that satisfies the Surface Color Condition from eight suitable cubes in the instance .	We consider a puzzle such that a set of colored cubes is given as an instance .	Each cube has unit length on each edge and its surface is colored so that what we call the Surface Color Condition is satisfied .	Given a palette of six colors , the condition requires that each face should have exactly one color and all faces should have different colors from each other .	Note that cubes and solutions have 30 varieties respectively .
+1	Quasi-Landau levels ( QLLs ) , dispersionless Landau subbands within a certain region of k-space , are resulted from the competition between magnetic and quantum confinement effects .	The magnetoelectronic properties of quasi-one-dimensional zigzag graphene nanoribbons are investigated by using the Peierls tight-binding model .	In bilayer system , the interlayer interactions lead to two groups of QLLs , one occurring at the Fermi level and the other one occurring at higher energies .	Transverse electric fields are able to distort energy spectrum , tilt two groups of QLLs and cause semiconductor-metal transition .	From the perspective of wave functions , the distribution of electrons is explored , and the evolution of Landau states under the influence of electric fields is clearly discussed .
+1	But we do not worry about inflation in our model ; instead , we focus on a topological object formed during cosmological phase transitions .	We investigate cosmological consequences of an extended gravity model which belongs to the same class studied by Accetta and Steinhardt in an extended inflationary scenario .	Although domain walls appear during first-order phase transitions such as QCD transition , they decay at the end of the phase transition .	Therefore the `` domain wall problem '' does not exist in the suitable range of pameters and , on the contrary , the `` fragments '' of walls may become seeds of dark matter .	A possible connection to `` oscillating universe '' model offered by Morikawa et al .
+1	The Berry connection , which is given as the inner product of two ground states with different local twist angles , is expressed as a Monte Carlo average on the worldlines with fixed spin configurations at the imaginary-time boundaries .	We present a loop cluster algorithm Monte Carlo method for calculating the local Z_2 Berry phase of the quantum spin models .	The `` complex weight problem '' caused by the local twist is solved by adopting the meron cluster algorithm .	We present the results of simulation on the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on an out-phase bond-alternating ladder to demonstrate that our method successfully detects the change in the valence bond pattern at the quantum phase transition point .	We also propose that the gauge-fixed local Berry connection can be an effective tool to estimate pricisely the quantum critical point .
+4	Depending on the payoff parameters , the system can reach an absorbing state of cooperation when the snowdrift game is played .	We study the effects of mobility on the evolution of cooperation among mobile players , which imitate collective motion of biological flocks and interact with neighbors within a prescribed radius $ R $ .	Adopting the prisoner 's dilemma game and the snowdrift game as metaphors , we find that cooperation can be maintained and even enhanced for low velocities and small payoff parameters , when compared with the case that all agents do not move .	But such enhancement of cooperation is largely determined by the value of $ R $ , and for modest values of $ R $ , there is an optimal value of velocity to induce the maximum cooperation level .	Besides , we find that intermediate values of $ R $ or initial population densities are most favorable for cooperation , when the velocity is fixed .
+3	We assume that by applying several complementary selection techniques of QSOs , our parent sample will be complete down to our adopted magnitude limit of $ J=20 $ .	The sub-population of quasi-stellar objects ( QSOs ) reddened by intrinsic or intervening clouds of dust are known to be underrepresented in optical QSO surveys .	By defining a complete parent sample of the most luminous and spatially unresolved QSOs in the COSMOS field we quantify to which extent this sub-population is fundamental to our understanding of the true population of QSOs .	By utilizing the available multi-wavelength data of various surveys in the COSMOS field we build a parent sample of 33 QSOs , identified by robust X-ray to radio wavelength selection techniques .	Spectroscopic follow-up with the NOT/ALFOSC was carried out to obtain a 100\ % redshift completeness of the sample .
+1	From high-resolution , high-S/N ratio spectra , we derive [ Fe/H ] = +0.28 +/- 0.05 for this star , in agreement with the spectroscopic study of Gratton et al. , published 10 years ago .	The results of a new spectroscopic analysis of HD75289 , recently reported to harbor a Jovian-mass planet , are presented .	In addition , we present a re-analysis of the spectra of Upsilon And and Tau Boo ; our new parameters for these two stars are now in better agreement with photometrically-derived values and with the recent spectroscopic analyses of Fuhrmann , et al .	We also report on extended abundance analyses of 14 Her , HD187123 , HD210277 , and Rho Cnc .	If we include the recent spectroscopic analyses of HD217107 by Randich et al .
+4	The last model , instead , is applied to data from Italian and German stock markets from January 1 , 2007 until the end of December 2010 .	In this paper we describe three stochastic models based on a semi-Markov chains approach and its generalizations to study the high frequency price dynamics of traded stocks .	The three models are : a simple semi-Markov chain model , an indexed semi-Markov chain model and a weighted indexed semi-Markov chain model .	We show , through Monte Carlo simulations , that the models are able to reproduce important stylized facts of financial time series as the persistence of volatility .	In particular , we analyzed high frequency data from the Italian stock market from the first of January 2007 until end of December 2010 and we apply to it the semi-Markov chain model and the indexed semi-Markov chain model .
+4	Subtracting the SZE power spectrum expected for sigma_8=0.8 and masking bright sources , the best fit value for the remaining power is C_l = 1.1^ { +0.9 } _ { -0.8 } x 10^ { -5 } micro K^2 ( 1.7^ { +1.4 } _ { -1.3 } Jy^2 sr^ { -1 } ) .	We present measurements of the angular power spectrum of millimeter wave anisotropies with the APEX-SZ instrument .	APEX-SZ has mapped 0.8 square degrees of sky at a frequency of 150 GHz with an angular resolution of 1 ' .	These new measurements significantly improve the constraints on anisotropy power at 150 GHz over the range of angular multipoles 3000 & lt ; l & lt ; 10,000 , limiting the total astronomical signal in a flat band power to be less than 105 microK^2 at 95 % CL .	We expect both submillimeter-bright , dusty galaxies and to a lesser extent secondary CMB anisotropies from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect ( SZE ) to significantly contribute to the observed power .
+0	We considered the formation of detached white dwarf main-sequence star ( WDMS ) binaries through seven evolutionary channels subdivided according to the evolutionary process that gives rise to the formation of the white dwarf or its helium-star progenitor : dynamically stable Roche-lobe overflow ( Algol-type evolution ) , dynamically unstable Roche-lobe overflow ( common-envelope evolution ) , or stellar winds ( single star evolution ) .	We examine the sensitivity of the population to changes in the amount of mass lost from the system during stable Roche-lobe overflow , the common-envelope ejection efficiency , and the initial mass ratio or initial secondary mass distribution .	In the case of a flat initial mass ratio distribution , the local space density of WDMS binaries is of the order of 10^ { -3 } /pc^3 .	This number decreases to 10^ { -4 } /pc^3 when the initial mass ratio distribution is approximately proportional to the inverse of the initial mass ratio .	More than 75 % of the WDMS binary population stems from wide systems in which both components evolve as if they were single stars .
+3	We leverage the recently developed stochastic structured mean-field variational inference to relax the conjugacy constraint and restore the dependencies among the latent variables in the approximating variational distribution .	Beta process is the standard nonparametric Bayesian prior for latent factor model .	In this paper , we derive a structured mean-field variational inference algorithm for a beta process non-negative matrix factorization ( NMF ) model with Poisson likelihood .	Unlike the linear Gaussian model , which is well-studied in the nonparametric Bayesian literature , NMF model with beta process prior does not enjoy the conjugacy .	Preliminary results on both synthetic and real examples demonstrate that the proposed inference algorithm can reasonably recover the hidden structure of the data .
+0	Context .	The chemical processes during the Asymptotic Giant Branch ( AGB ) evolution of intermediate mass single stars predict most of the observations of the different populations in globular clusters although some important issues still need to be further clarified .	In particular , to reproduce the observed anticorrelations of Na-O and Al-Mg , chemically enriched gas lost during the AGB phase of intermediate mass single stars must be mixed with matter with a pristine chemical composition .	The source of this matter is still a matter of debate .	Furthermore , observations reveal that a significant fraction of the intermediate mass and massive stars are born as components of close binaries.Aims .
+2	The existence of a first nontrivial curve $ \mc C $ of this spectrum , some properties of this curve $ \mc C $ , e.g.Lipschitz continuous , strictly decreasing and asymptotic behavior are studied in this article .	In this article , we study the Fu\v { c } ik spectrum of fractional Laplace operator which is defined as the set of all $ ( \al , \ba ) \in \mb R^2 $ such that \begin { equation* } \quad \left .	\begin { array } { lr } \quad ( -\De ) ^s u = \al u^ { + } - \ba u^ { - } \ ; \text { in } \ ; \Om \quad \quad \quad \quad u = 0 \ ; \mbox { in } \ ; \mb R^n \setminus\Om.\\ \end { array } \quad \right\ } \end { equation* } has a non-trivial solution $ u $ , where $ \Om $ is a bounded domain in $ \mb R^n $ with Lipschitz boundary , $ n & gt ; 2s $ , $ s\in ( 0,1 ) $ .	A variational characterization of second eigenvalue of the fractional eigenvalue problem is also obtained .	At the end , we study a nonresonance problem with respect to Fu\v { c } ik spectrum .
+2	In 2010 , Adiga et al .	Let $ G $ be a simple undirected graph and $ G^\sigma $ be the corresponding oriented graph of $ G $ with the orientation $ \sigma $ .	The skew energy of $ G^\sigma $ , denoted by $ \varepsilon_s ( G^\sigma ) $ , is defined as the sum of the singular values of the skew adjacency matrix $ S ( G^\sigma ) $ .	certified that $ \varepsilon_s ( G^\sigma ) \leq n\sqrt { \Delta } $ , where $ \Delta $ is the maximum degree of $ G $ of order $ n $ .	In this paper , we determine all connected 5-regular oriented graphs of order $ n $ with maximum skew-energy .
+3	This map uncovers the striking flow structures along the coast with a mesoscale eddy street and repelling material lines .	We use dynamical systems approach and Lagrangian tools to study surface transport and mixing of water masses in a selected coastal region of the Japan Sea with moving mesoscale eddies associated with the Primorskoye Current .	Lagrangian trajectories are computed for a large number of particles in an interpolated velocity field generated by a numerical regional multi-layer eddy-resolving circulation model .	We compute finite-time Lyapunov exponents for a comparatively long period of time by the method developed and plot the Lyapunov synoptic map quantifying surface transport and mixing in that region .	We propose new Lagrangian diagnostic tools -- - the time of exit of particles off a selected box , the number of changes of the sign of zonal and meridional velocities -- - to study transport and mixing by a pair of strongly interacting eddies often visible at sea-surface temperature satellite images in that region .
+2	The ratio between the two fluid perturbations , even if originally equal to unity , changes monotonically with time ; this phenomenon leads to different epochs for nonlinear clustering that may be reflected into different epochs of galaxy formation .	We consider the gravitational clustering of a multicomponent fluid in an expanding Newtonian universe , taking into account the mutual gravitational interactions of the medium .	We obtain a set of exact and approximate solutions for two fluid components and for several fluid components : primordial hydrogen and helium or cosmological massive neutrinos of different mass and/or velocity distribution may be described by these solutions .	Additional note : see also D. Fargion ( Nuovo Cimento 65,1981,316 ) , L.V .	Solov'eva & amp ; I.S .
+1	We measure the projected cluster ellipticities using two alternative methods .	We estimate the distribution of intrinsic shapes of APM galaxy clusters from the distribution of their apparent shapes .	The first method is based on moments of the discrete galaxy distribution while the second is based on moments of the smoothed galaxy distribution .	We study the performance of both methods using Monte Carlo cluster simulations covering the range of APM cluster distances and including a random distribution of background galaxies .	We find that the first method suffers from severe systematic biases , whereas the second is more reliable .
+3	The time scale of the relaxation is determined by characteristic relaxation times of the system and the splitting of two-level-system .	Response of the electronic current through an Aharonov-Bohm ring after a two-level-system is switched on is calculated perturbatively by use of non-equilibrium Green function .	In the ballistic case the amplitude of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillation is shown to decay to a new equilibrium value due to scattering into other electronic states .	Relaxation of Altshuler-Aronov-Spivak oscillation in diffusive case due to dephasing effect is also calculated .	Oscillation phases are not affected .
+2	A crucial property of $ h_4 $ is that it is nonnegative for Einstein manifolds , hence it provides a geometric obstruction to the existence of Einstein metrics in dimensions $ \geq 4 $ , independently from the sign of the Einstein constant .	The second H. Weyl curvature invariant of a Riemannian manifold , denoted $ h_4 $ , is the second curvature invariant which appears in the well known tube formula of H. Weyl .	It coincides with the Gauss-Bonnet integrand in dimension 4 .	This motivates our study of the positivity of this invariant .	Here in this paper , we prove many constructions of metrics with positive second H. Weyl curvature invariant , generalizing similar well known results for the scalar curvature .
+2	The Lee model with a standard Yukawa interaction is shown to provide such a realization .	The scattering cross section associated with a two dimensional delta function has recently been the object of considerable study .	It is shown here that this problem can be put into a field theoretical framework by the construction of an appropriate Galilean covariant theory .	The usual results for delta function scattering are then obtained in the case that a stable particle exists in the scattering channel provided that a certain limit is taken in the relevant parameter space .	In the more general case in which no such limit is taken finite corrections to the cross section are obtained which ( unlike the pure delta function case ) depend on the coupling constant of the model .
+3	I also show how a phase of inflationary expansion generates fluctuations in the spacetime curvature and primordial gravitational waves .	This review describes the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965 and its impact on cosmology in the 50 years that followed .	This discovery has established the Big Bang model of the Universe and the analysis of its fluctuations has confirmed the idea of inflation and led to the present era of precision cosmology .	I discuss the evolution of cosmological perturbations and their imprint on the CMB as temperature fluctuations and polarization .	In addition I present findings of CMB experiments , from the earliest to the most recent ones .
+0	We have conducted an N-band survey of 14 young stars in the ~30 Myr-old Tucana-Horologium Association to search for evidence of warm , circumstellar dust disks .	Using the MIRAC-BLINC camera on the Magellan I ( Baade ) 6.5-m telescope , we find that none of the stars have a statistically significant N-band excess compared to the predicted stellar photospheric flux .	Using three different sets of assumptions , this null result rules out the existence of the following around these post-T Tauri stars : ( a ) optically-thick disks with inner hole radii of ~ & lt ; 0.1 AU , ( b ) optically-thin disks with masses of & gt ; 10^ { -6 } M_Earth ( in ~1-micron-sized grains ) within ~ & lt ; 10 AU of these stars , ( c ) scaled-up analogs of the solar system zodiacal dust cloud with & gt ; 4000X the emitting area .	Our survey was sensitive to dust disks in the terrestrial planet zone with fractional luminosity of log ( L_ { dust } /L_ { star } ) ~ 10^ { -2.9 } , yet none were found .	Combined with results from previous surveys , these data suggest that circumstellar dust disks become so optically-thin as to be undetectable at N-band before age ~20 Myr .
+3	We derive important properties of the MLP distribution , like the cumulative distribution , the mean , variance , arbitrary raw moments , and a random number generator .	This work explores the mathematical properties of a distribution introduced by Basu & amp ; Jones ( 2004 ) , and applies it to model the stellar initial mass function ( IMF ) .	The distribution arises simply from an initial lognormal distribution , requiring that each object in it subsequently undergoes exponential growth but with an exponential distribution of growth lifetimes .	This leads to a modified lognormal with a power-law tail ( MLP ) distribution , which can in fact be applied to a wide range of fields where distributions are observed to have a lognormal-like body and a power-law tail .	These analytic properties of the distribution can be used to facilitate application to modeling the IMF .
+4	We suggest two different prescriptions : one is based on the local diffusivity and the other on the local geometrical properties .	Metadynamics is an established sampling method aimed at reconstructing the free-energy surface relative to a set of appropriately chosen collective variables .	In standard metadynamics the free-energy surface is filled by the addition of Gaussian potentials of pre-assigned and typically diagonal covariance .	Asymptotically the free-energy surface is proportional to the bias deposited .	Here we consider the possibility of using Gaussians whose variance is adjusted on the fly to the local properties of the free-energy surface .
+3	This is due to a compensation of weak and QED contributions that are of opposite sign .	We have computed the complete one-loop electroweak effects in the MSSM for single top ( and single antitop ) production in the $ t $ -channel at hadron colliders , generalizing a previous analysis performed for the dominant $ dt $ final state and fully including QED effects .	The results are quite similar for all processes .	The overall Standard Model one-loop effect is small , of the few percent size .	The genuine SUSY contribution is generally quite modest in the mSUGRA scenario .
+4	We present a simple method for computing an upper limit on the output quantity uncertainties for Monte Carlo radiative transfer models which use the weighted photon approach .	We present the DIRTY radiative transfer model in this paper and a companion paper .	This model computes the polarized radiative transfer of photons from arbitrary distributions of stars through arbitrary distributions of dust using Monte Carlo techniques .	The dust re-emission is done self-consistently with the dust absorption and scattering and includes all three important emission paths : equilibrium thermal emission , non-equilibrium thermal emission , and the aromatic features emission .	The algorithm used for the radiative transfer allows for the efficient computation of the appearance of a model system as seen from any viewing direction .
+1	Focusing first on arbitrary network topologies , we provide ( i ) fundamental limits on the required number of broadcasts of data gathering , and ( ii ) a general in-network computing strategy to achieve an upper bound within factor $ \log N $ of the fundamental limits , where $ N $ is the number of agents in the network .	We consider the problem of minimizing the number of broadcasts for collecting all sensor measurements at a sink node in a noisy broadcast sensor network .	Next , focusing on two example networks , namely , \textcolor { black } { arbitrary geometric networks and random Erd $ \ddot { o } $ s-R $ \acute { e } $ nyi networks } , we provide improved in-network computing schemes that are optimal in that they attain the fundamental limits , i.e. , the lower and upper bounds are tight \textcolor { black } { in order sense } .	Our main techniques are three distributed encoding techniques , called graph codes , which are designed respectively for the above-mentioned three scenarios .	Our work thus extends and unifies previous works such as those of Gallager [ 1 ] and Karamchandani~\emph { et.al . }
+0	We present a novel technique to phase-lock two lasers with controllable frequency difference .	In our setup , one sideband of a current modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser ( VCSEL ) is phase locked to the master laser by injection seeding , while another sideband of the VCSEL is used to phase lock the slave laser .	The slave laser is therefore locked in phase with the master laser , with a frequency difference tunable up to about 35 GHz .	The sideband suppression rate of the slave laser is more than 30dB at 30 uW seed power .	The heterodyne spectrum between master and slave has a linewidth of less than 1 Hz .
+1	Cluster sizes were estimated from star counts distributed throughout the entire observed fields .	We present Washington system colour-magnitude diagrams ( CMDs ) for 17 practically unstudied star clusters located in the bar as well as in the inner disc and outer regions of the Large Magellanic Cloud ( LMC ) .	Based on the best fits of theoretical isochrones to the cleaned $ ( C-T_1 , T_1 ) $ CMDs , as well as on the $ \delta T_1 $ parameter and the standard giant branch method , we derive ages and metallicities for the cluster sample .	Four objects are found to be intermediate-age clusters ( 1.8-2.5 Gyr ) , with [ Fe/H ] ranging from -0.66 to -0.84 .	With the exception of SL263 , a very young cluster ( $ \sim $ 16 Myr ) , the remaining 12 objects are aged between 0.32 and 0.89 Gyr , with their [ Fe/H ] values ranging from -0.19 to -0.50 .
+4	We verify this selection using X-ray stacking analyses with data from the Chandra XBootes survey , as well as optical photometry from NDWFS and spectroscopy from MMT/AGES .	We identify a population of 640 obscured and 839 unobscured AGNs at redshifts 0.7 & lt ; z & lt ; ~3 using multiwavelength observations of the 9 deg^2 NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey ( NDWFS ) region in Bootes .	We select AGNs on the basis of Spitzer IRAC colors obtained by the IRAC Shallow Survey .	Redshifts are obtained from optical spectroscopy or photometric redshift estimators .	We classify the IR-selected AGNs as IRAGN 1 ( unobscured ) and IRAGN 2 ( obscured ) using a simple criterion based on the observed optical to mid-IR color , with a selection boundary of R- [ 4.5 ] =6.1 , where R and [ 4.5 ] are the Vega magnitudes in the R and IRAC 4.5 micron bands , respectively .
+4	To further flesh out the idea of symmetry , the classification is constructed so as to manifestly distinguish time-reversal invariant charge ( i.e. , site and bond ) order , and time-reversal breaking flux order .	In this work we introduce a symmetry classification for electronic density waves which break translational symmetry due to commensurate wave vector modulations .	The symmetry classification builds on the concept of extended point groups : symmetry groups which contain , in addition to the lattice point group , translations that do not map the enlarged unit cell of the density wave to itself , and become `` non-symmorphic '' -like elements .	Multi-dimensional representations of the extended point group are associated with degenerate wave vectors .	Electronic properties such as ( nodal ) band degeneracies and topological character can be straightforwardly addressed , and often follow directly .
+0	A remarkable property of nastic , shape changing plants is their complete fusion between actuators and structure .	This is achieved by combining a large number of cells whose geometry , internal pressures and material properties are optimized for a given set of target shapes and stiffness requirements .	An advantage of such a fusion is that cell walls are prestressed by cell pressures which increases , decreases the overall structural stiffness , weight .	Inspired by the nastic movement of plants , Pagitz et al .	2012 Bioinspir.Biomim .
+1	To do so , we construct a representation of the BMW algebra inside the Lawrence-Krammer space .	We show that the Lawrence-Krammer representation based on two parameters that was used by Bigelow and independently Krammer to show the linearity of the braid group is generically irreducible , but that when its parameters are specialized to some nonzero complex numbers , the representation is reducible .	As a representation of the braid group , this representation is equivalent to the Lawrence-Krammer representation , where the two parameters of the algebra are related to the parameters of the Lawrence-Krammer representation .	We give all the complex values of the parameters for which the representation is reducible and describe the invariant subspaces in some cases .	We show that for these values of the parameters and other values , the BMW algebra is not semisimple .
+3	It is argued that along with the canonical polar vector , there are another 7 symmetrically distinct classes of stationary physical quantities , which can be - and often are - denoted as standard three-components vectors , even though they do not transform as a static polar vector under all operations of O ' ( 3 ) .	The paper draws the attention to the spatiotemporal symmetry of various vector-like physical quantities .	The symmetry is specified by their invariance under the action of symmetry operations of the Opechowski nonrelativistic space-time rotation group O ( 3 ) .	{ 1 , 1 ' } = O ' ( 3 ) , where 1 ' is time-reversal operation .	The octet of symmetrically distinct `` directional quantities '' can be exemplified by : two kinds of polar vectors ( electric dipole moment P and magnetic toroidal moment T , two kinds of axial vectors ( magnetization M and electric toroidal moment G ) , two kinds of chiral `` bi-directors '' C and F ( associated with the so-called true and false chirality , resp . )
+3	We showed that at mean-field level , the mixing is proportional to quasiparticle spectral weight $ Z_- $ .	We studied underdoped high $ T_c $ superconductors using a spinon-dopon approach ( or doped-carrier approach ) to $ t $ - $ t ' $ - $ t '' $ - $ J $ model , where spinon carries spin and dopon carries both spin and charge .	In this approach , the mixing of spinon and dopon describes superconductivity .	We found that a nonuniform mixing in $ k $ -space is most effective in lowering the $ t ' $ and $ t '' $ hopping energy .	We also found a simple monte-carlo algorithm to calculate $ Z_ { - } $ from the projected spinon-dopon wavefunction , which confirms the mean-field result .
+3	For groups , B ( G ) is isometric to the Banach space dual of C^* ( G ) .	This paper gives a first step toward extending the theory of Fourier-Stieltjes algebras from groups to groupoids .	If G is a locally compact ( second countable ) groupoid , we show that B ( G ) , the linear span of the Borel positive definite functions on G , is a Banach algebra when represented as an algebra of completely bounded maps on a C^*-algebra associated with G. This necessarily involves identifying equivalent elements of B ( G ) .	An example shows that the linear span of the continuous positive definite functions need not be complete .	For groupoids , the best analog of that fact is to be found in a representation of B ( G ) as a Banach space of completely bounded maps from a C^*-algebra associated with G to a C^*-algebra associated with the equivalence relation induced by G. This paper adds weight to the clues in the earlier study of Fourier-Stieltjes algebras that there is a much more general kind of duality for Banach algebras waiting to be explored .
+2	Our study is based upon two results .	The paper is devoted to Mellin convolution operators with meromorphic kernels in Bessel potential spaces .	We encounter such operators while investigating boundary value problems for elliptic equations in planar 2D domains with angular points on the boundary .	The first concerns commutants of Mellin convolution and Bessel potential operators : Bessel potentials alter essentially after commutation with Mellin convolutions depending on the poles of the kernel ( in contrast to commutants with Fourier convolution operatiors . )	The second basic ingredient is the results on the Banach algebra $ \mathfrak { A } _p $ generated by Mellin convolution and Fourier convolution operators in weighted $ \mathbb { L } _p $ -spaces obtained by the author in 1970 's and 1980 's .
+0	In a recent paper , we have shown that the way of gauge-invariant decomposition of the nucleon spin is not necessarily unique , but there still exists a preferable decomposition from the observational viewpoint .	What was not complete in this argument is a fully satisfactory answer to the following questions .	Does the proposed gauge-invariant decomposition , especially the decomposition of the gluon total angular momentum into its spin and orbital parts , correspond to observables which can be extracted from high-energy deep-inelastic-scattering measurements ?	Is this decomposition not only gauge-invariant but also Lorentz frame-independent , so that it is legitimately thought to reflect an intrinsic property of the nucleon ?	We show that we can answer both of these questions affirmatively , by making full use of a gauge-invariant decomposition of covariant angular momentum tensor of QCD in an arbitrary Lorentz frame .
+3	The model can be applied in magnetic resonance of hyperpolarized xenon for quantification of lung parameters such as surface-to-volume ratio and the air-blood barrier thickness .	In this work we present a mathematical framework that quantifies the gas-exchange processes in the lung .	The theory is based on the solution of the one-dimensional diffusion equation on a simplified model of lung septum .	Gases dissolved into different compartments of the lung are all treated separately with physiologically important parameters .	In general this model provides a description of a broad range of biological exchange processes that are driven by diffusion .
+2	This produces both $ \Gamma^\mu $ and $ \Gamma^ { \mu\nu } $ \ , -matrices in the course of quantization .	We construct a new example of the spinning-particle model without Grassmann variables .	The spin degrees of freedom are described on the base of an inner anti-de Sitter space .	Canonical quantization of the model implies the Dirac equation .	We present the detailed analysis of both the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian formulations of the model and obtain the general solution to the classical equations of motion .
+0	We report the first observation of the dependence of the coherent-backscattering ( CBS ) enhanced cone with the frequency of the backscattered photon .	The experiment is performed on a diffusing liquid suspension and the Doppler broadening of light is induced by the Brownian motion of the scatterers .	Heterodyne detection on a CCD camera is used to measure the complex field ( i.e. , the hologram ) of the light that is backscattered at a given frequency .	The analysis of the holograms yield the frequency and the propagation direction of the backscattered photons .	We observe that the angular CBS cone becomes more narrow in the tail of the Brownian spectrum .
+1	These models are finite differencing in the time domain and digital waveguide models .	This paper discusses aspects of the second order hyperbolic partial differential equation associated with the ideal lossless string under tension and it 's relationship to two discrete models .	It is known from the theory of partial differential operators that in general one has to expect the string to accumulate displacement as response to impulsive excitations .	Discrete models should be expected to display comparable behavior .	As a result it is shown that impulsive propagations can be interpreted as the difference of step functions and hence how the impulsive response can be seen as one case of the general integrating behavior of the string .
+0	A major challenge in condensed matter physics is active control of quantum phases .	Dynamic control with pulsed electromagnetic fields can overcome energetic barriers enabling access to transient or metastable states that are not thermally accessible .	Here we demonstrate strain-engineered tuning of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 into an emergent charge-ordered insulating phase with extreme photo-susceptibility where even a single optical pulse can initiate a transition to a long-lived metastable hidden metallic phase .	Comprehensive single-shot pulsed excitation measurements demonstrate that the transition is cooperative and ultrafast , requiring a critical absorbed photon density to activate local charge excitations that mediate magnetic-lattice coupling that , in turn , stabilize the metallic phase .	These results reveal that strain engineering can tune emergent functionality towards proximal macroscopic states to enable dynamic ultrafast optical phase switching and control .
+3	For gas outflow , although its efficiency for a given SFR is a decreasing function of time , similarly to gas inflow , the outflow rate is not necessarily proportional to the SFR and the relation between the outflow rate and SFR strongly depends on the evolution of the adopted RMG .	We investigate gas inflow and outflow histories in Milky Way-like disk galaxies , to get new insights into the baryonic processes in galaxy formation and evolution .	For this purpose , we solve the equations for the evolutions of the surface mass densities of gas and metals at each radius in a galactic disk , based on the observed structural properties of distant star-forming galaxies , including the redshift evolution of their stellar mass distribution , their scaling relation between the mass of baryonic components , star formation rate ( SFR ) and chemical abundance , as well as the supposed evolution of their radial metallicity gradients ( RMGs ) .	We find that the efficiency of gas inflow for a given SFR decreases with time and that the inflow rate is always nearly proportional to the SFR .	We also find that the results on the outflow rate can be reproduced in the framework of momentum-driven ( energy-driven ) wind mechanism if the RMG is steepening ( flattening ) with time .
+1	Levels of the hierarchy correspond to the degree of complementarity in a given function .	We introduce a new hierarchy over monotone set functions , that we refer to as $ \mathcal { MPH } $ ( Maximum over Positive Hypergraphs ) .	The highest level of the hierarchy , $ \mathcal { MPH } $ - $ m $ ( where $ m $ is the total number of items ) captures all monotone functions .	The lowest level , $ \mathcal { MPH } $ - $ 1 $ , captures all monotone submodular functions , and more generally , the class of functions known as $ \mathcal { XOS } $ .	Every monotone function that has a positive hypergraph representation of rank $ k $ ( in the sense defined by Abraham , Babaioff , Dughmi and Roughgarden [ EC 2012 ] ) is in $ \mathcal { MPH } $ - $ k $ .
+3	The mechanism responsible for the detected enhancement of acoustic sources around solar active regions has not yet been explained .	The use of acoustic holography in the high-frequency $ p $ -mode spectrum can resolve the source distributions of enhanced acoustic emissions within halo structures surrounding active regions .	In doing so , statistical methods can then be applied to ascertain relationships with the magnetic field .	This is the focus of this study .	Furthermore the relationship between the magnetic field and enhanced acoustic emission has not yet been comprehensively examined .
+2	We present light curves , VI photometry and basic data for all these objects , as well as color-magnitude diagram of the observed field .	We present results of the search for Cepheids in the galaxy IC1613 carried out as a sub-project of the OGLE-II microlensing survey .	138 Cepheids were found in the 14.2x14.2 arcmin region in the center of the galaxy .	The Period -- Luminosity ( PL ) diagrams for IC1613 fundamental mode Cepheids for VI and interstellar extinction insensitive index W_I are constructed .	Comparison of PL relations in metal poor galaxy IC1613 ( [ Fe/H ] ~-1.0 dex ) with relations in metal richer Magellanic Clouds allows us to study dependence of Cepheid PL relations on metallicity in the wide range of metallicities covered by these three galaxies .
+4	These trends are similar to those seen in previous works on pristine graphene and have been attributed to a reduction of electron-phonon coupling strength ( D ) and removal of the Kohn anomaly as the Fermi level moves away from the CNP .	We report a Raman spectroscopy study of graphene field-effect transistors ( GFET ) with a controlled amount of defects introduced in graphene by exposure to electron-beam irradiation .	Raman spectra are taken at T = 8 K over a range of back gate voltages ( Vg ) for various irradiation dosages ( Re ) .	We study effects in the Raman spectra due to Vg-induced doping and artificially created disorder at various Re .	With moderate disorder ( irradiation ) , the Raman G peak with respect to the graphene carrier density ( nFE ) exhibits a minimum in peak frequency and a maximum in peak width near the charge- neutral point ( CNP ) .
+3	Furthermore , we observed that T* shows clear frequency variations for x & gt ; = 0.3 .	The magnetic and electronic properties of Sr1-xLaxRuO3 were studied by means of dc-magnetization , ac-susceptibility , specific heat , and electrical resistivity measurements .	The dc-magnetization and ac-susceptibility measurements have revealed that the transition temperature and the ordered moment of the ferromagnetic order are strongly suppressed as La is substituted for Sr .	The ac-susceptibility exhibits a peak at T* due to the occurrence of spontaneous spin polarization .	The magnitude of the frequency shifts of T* is comparable to that of cluster-glass systems , and the frequency dependence is well described in terms of the Vogel-Fulcher law .
+3	More specifically we will see that the asymptotically shear-free congruences lead us to an asymptotic definition of the center-of-mass and its equations of motion .	Shear-free or asymptotically shear-free null geodesic congruences possess a large number of fascinating geometric properties and to be closely related , in the context of general relativity , to a variety of physically significant affects .	It is the purpose of this paper to develop these issues and find applications in GR .	The applications center around the problem of extracting interior physical properties of an asymptotically flat space-time directly from the asymptotic gravitational ( and Maxwell ) field itself in analogy with the determination of total charge by an integral over the Maxwell field at infinity or the identification of the interior mass ( and its loss ) by ( Bondi 's ) integrals of the Weyl tensor , also at infinity .	This includes a kinematic meaning , in terms of the center of mass motion , for the Bondi three-momentum .
+0	Using Schwinger 's quantum action principle , dispersion relations are obtained for neutral scalar mesons interacting with bi-local sources .	These relations are used as the basis of a method for representing the effect of interactions in the Gaussian approximation to field theory , and it is argued that a marked inhomogeneity , in space-time dependence of the sources , forces a discrete spectrum on the field .	The development of such a system is characterized by features commonly associated with chaos and self-organization ( localization by domain or cell formation ) .	The Green functions play the role of an iterative map in phase space .	Stable systems reside at the fixed points of the map .
+2	Here we consider whether primordial black hole formation associated with the enhanced growth is in conflict with existing observations .	Non-thermal histories for the early universe have received notable attention as they are a rich source of phenomenology , while also being well motivated by top-down approaches to beyond the Standard Model physics .	The early ( pre-BBN ) matter phase in these models leads to enhanced growth of density perturbations on sub-Hubble scales .	Such constraints depend on the tilt of the primordial power spectrum , and we find that non-thermal histories are tightly constrained in the case of a significantly blue spectrum .	Alternatively , if dark matter is taken to be of non-thermal origin we can restrict the primordial power spectrum on scales inaccessible to CMB and LSS observations .
+3	The model , which holds both close and far from equilibrium , predicts the existence of persistent energy and particle currents circulating in close loops through the network .	We show the link between U1 lattice gauge theories and the off-equilibrium thermodynamics of a large class of nonlinear oscillators networks .	The coupling between the oscillators plays the role of a gauge field , or connection , on the network .	The thermodynamical forces that drive energy flows are expressed in terms of the curvature of the connection , analogous to a geometric phase .	The predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations .
+4	A key parameter to observe is the difference between K band and J band geometric albedos ( A_g ( K ) -A_g ( J ) ) : A_g ( K ) -A_g ( J ) & gt ; 0.2 indicates that more than half of the planet 's surface has abundant mafic minerals , such as olivine and pyroxene , in other words primary crust from a magma ocean or high-temperature lavas ; A_g ( K ) -A_g ( J ) & lt ; -0.09 indicates that more than half of the planet 's surface is covered or partially covered by water ice or hydrated silicates , implying extant or past water on its surface .	We investigate spectra of airless rocky exoplanets with a theoretical framework that self-consistently treats reflection and thermal emission .	We find that a silicate surface on an exoplanet is spectroscopically detectable via prominent Si-O features in the thermal emission bands of 7 - 13 \mu m and 15 - 25 \mu m. The variation of brightness temperature due to the silicate features can be up to 20 K for an airless Earth analog , and the silicate features are wide enough to be distinguished from atmospheric features with relatively high-resolution spectra .	The surface characterization thus provides a method to unambiguously identify a rocky exoplanet .	Furthermore , identification of specific rocky surface types is possible with the planet 's reflectance spectrum in near-infrared broad bands .
+0	Understanding the underlying mechanisms causing rapid thermalization deduced for high-energy heavy ion collisions is still a challenge .	To estimate the thermalization time , entropy growth for classical Yang-Mills theories is studied , based on the determination of Lyapunov exponents .	Distinct regimes for short , medium and long sampling times are characterized by different properties of their spectrum of Lyapunov exponents .	Clarifying the existence of these regimes and their implications for gauge-field dynamics is one of the results of this contribution .	As a phenomenological application we conclude that for pure gauge theories with random initial conditions thermalization occurs within few fm/c , an estimate which can be reduced by the inclusion of fermions , specific initial conditions , etc .
+3	It is proved that it is undecidable whether a word-hyperbolic semigroup is automatic , asynchronously automatic , biautomatic , or asynchronously biautomatic .	This paper studies decision problems for semigroups that are word-hyperbolic in the sense of Duncan & amp ; Gilman .	A fundamental investigation reveals that the natural definition of a `word-hyperbolic structure ' has to be strengthened slightly in order to define a unique semigroup up to isomorphism .	The isomorphism problem is proven to be undecidable for word-hyperbolic semigroups ( in contrast to the situation for word-hyperbolic groups ) .	( These properties do not hold in general for word-hyperbolic semigroups . )
+2	In the thermodynamic formalism , there are phase transition-like phenomena close to the q=1 region .	We determine the Renyi entropies K_q of symbol sequences generated by human chromosomes .	These exhibit nontrivial behaviour as a function of the scanning parameter q .	We develop a theoretical model for this based on the superposition of two multifractal sets , which can be associated with the different statistical properties of coding and non-coding DNA sequences .	This model is in good agreement with the human chromosome data .
+1	A 70 , 053612 ( 2004 ) ] .	Interacting bosonic atoms under strong gauge fields undergo a series of phase transitions that take the cloud from a simple Bose-Einstein condensate all the way to a family of fractional-quantum-Hall-type states [ M. Popp , B. Paredes , and J. I. Cirac , Phys.Rev .	In this work we demonstrate that the Hall response of the atoms can be used to locate the phase transitions and characterize the ground state of the many-body state .	Moreover , the same response function reveals within some regions of the parameter space , the structure of the spectrum and the allowed transitions to excited states .	We verify numerically these ideas using exact diagonalization for a small number of atoms , and provide an experimental protocol to implement the gauge fields and probe the linear response using a periodically driven optical lattice .
+2	We intend to study the multiplicity of this type of chemically peculiar stars , looking for visual companions in the range of angular separation between 0.05 '' and 8 '' .	Rapidly oscillating Ap ( roAp ) stars have rarely been found in binary or higher order multiple systems .	This might have implications for their origin .	We carried out a survey of 28 roAp stars using diffraction-limited near-infrared imaging with NAOS-CONICA at the VLT .	Additionally , we observed three non-oscillating magnetic Ap stars .
+3	On the other hand , if G=A_5 then U ( G ) has genus 274218830047232000000000000000001 .	Dessins d'enfants are combinatorial structures on compact Riemann surfaces defined over algebraic number fields , and regular dessins are the most symmetric of them .	If G is a finite group , there are only finitely many regular dessins with automorphism group G. It is shown how to enumerate them , how to represent them all as quotients of a single regular dessin U ( G ) , and how certain hypermap operations act on them .	For example , if G is a cyclic group of order n then U ( G ) is a map on the Fermat curve of degree n and genus ( n-1 ) ( n-2 ) /2 .	For other non-abelian finite simple groups , the genus is much larger .
+0	In this paper we consider a class of robust multilevel precontioners for the Helmholtz equation with high wave number .	The key idea in this work is to use the continuous interior penalty finite element methods ( CIP-FEM ) studied in \cite { Wu12 , Wu12-hp } to construct the stable coarse grid correction problems .	The multilevel methods , based on GMRES smoothing on coarse grids , are then served as a preconditioner in the outer GMRES iteration .	In the one dimensional case , convergence property of the modified multilevel methods is analyzed by the local Fourier analysis .	From our numerical results , we find that the proposed methods are efficient for a reasonable range of frequencies .
+1	However , existing methods are still suffering from the degradation of the missing and noisy tags provided by users .	Image annotation methods have greatly facilitated image management applications .	In this study , we propose an image annotation method which performs tag completion and refinement sequentially .	We assume that images are sampled from a union of subspaces .	Images sampled from the same subspace , as well as their corresponding tags , should form a compatible image-tag sub-matrix .
+0	We first discuss recent progress in using the Milky Way globular cluster ( GC ) system as a `test-bed ' for properties derived from integrated spectra and stellar population models .	Standard techniques may give rise to spuriously high alpha-element ratios at low metallicities .	We then discuss evidence for early epoch ( z & gt ; 2 ) formation for most GCs in galaxies today .	Recent accretions of GCs ( and their host galaxy ) make a small contribution but recent mergers form few if any new GCs in today 's elliptical galaxies .	The early formation of metal-poor GCs and the bimodality seen in GC specific frequency requires a `truncation ' which may be due to reionization .
+0	The recent experimental observations of designer Dirac Fermions and topological phases in molecular graphene are addressed theoretically .	Using scattering theory we calculate the electronic structure of finite lattices of scattering centers dual to the honeycomb lattice .	In good agreement with experimental observations , we obtain a V-shaped electron density of states around the Fermi energy .	By varying the lattice parameter we simulate electron and hole doping of the structure and by adding and removing scattering centers we simulate respectively vacancy and impurity defects .	Specifically for the vacancy defect we verify the emergence of a sharp resonance near the Fermi energy for increasing strength of the scattering potential .
+3	For the latter case we also study unitarity of inflaton-inflaton scattering .	We analyze quantum corrections on the naive $ \phi^4 $ -Inflation .	These typically lead to an inflaton potential which carries a non-integer power of the field .	We consider both minimal and non-minimal couplings to gravity .	Finally we confront these theories with the Planck and BICEP2 data .
+1	TEM reveals that the modulation in the $ b- $ axis for $ Pb ( 0.4 ) - $ doped $ Bi ( Pb ) - $ 2212 is dominantly of $ Pb- $ type that is not sensitive to the oxygen content of the system , and the system clearly shows a structure of orthorhombic symmetry .	$ Pb_ { 0.4 } Bi_ { 1.6 } Sr_2CaCu_2O_ { 8+x } $ ( $ Bi ( Pb ) - $ 2212 ) single crystal samples were studied using transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) , $ ab- $ plane ( $ \rho_ { ab } $ ) and $ c- $ axis ( $ \rho_c $ ) resistivity , and high resolution angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy ( ARUPS ) .	Oxygen annealed samples exhibit a much lower $ c- $ axis resistivity and a resistivity minimum at $ 80-130 $ K .	He-annealed samples exhibit a much higher $ c- $ axis resistivity and $ d\rho_c/dT & lt ; 0 $ behavior below 300K .	The Fermi surface ( FS ) of oxygen annealed $ Bi ( Pb ) - $ 2212 mapped out by ARUPS has a pocket in the FS around the $ \bar { M } $ point and exhibits orthorhombic symmetry .
+3	Hence , observed structures can arise in this cosmology from suitable `` initial '' density contrast .	In this letter , we outline an inhomogeneous model of the Big Bang cosmology .	For the inhomogeneous spacetime used here , the universe originates in the infinite past as the one dominated by vacuum energy and ends in the infinite future as the one consisting of `` hot and relativistic '' matter .	The spatial distribution of matter in the considered inhomogeneous spacetime is { \em arbitrary } .	Different problems of the standard model of Big Bang cosmology are also resolved in the present inhomogeneous model .
+0	We are developing electronic dictionaries and transducers for the automatic processing of the Albanian Language .	We will analyze the words inside a linear segment of text .	We will also study the relationship between units of sense and units of form .	The composition of words takes different forms in Albanian .	We have found that morphemes are frequently concatenated or simply juxtaposed or contracted .
+0	Lifshitz points are multicritical points at which a disordered phase , a homogeneous ordered phase , and a modulated ordered phase meet .	Their bulk universality classes are described by natural generalizations of the standard $ \phi^4 $ model .	Analyzing these models systematically via modern field-theoretic renormalization group methods has been a long-standing challenge ever since their introduction in the middle of the 1970s .	We survey the recent progress made in this direction , discussing results obtained via dimensionality expansions , how they compare with Monte Carlo results , and open problems .	These advances opened the way towards systematic studies of boundary critical behavior at $ m $ -axial Lifshitz points .
+4	The curvature is essentially unchanged , so projective flatness holds in the same cases .	We give a direct calculation of the curvature of the Hitchin connection , in geometric quantization on a symplectic manifold , using only differential geometric techniques .	In particular , we establish that the curvature acts as a first-order operator on the quantum spaces .	Projective flatness follows if the K\ '' ahler structures do not admit holomorphic vector fields .	Following Witten , we define a complex variant of the Hitchin connection on the bundle of prequantum spaces .
+1	A generalized Laplacian model associated with the Mittag-Leffler distribution is examined .	We have provided a fractional generalization of the Poisson renewal processes by replacing the first time derivative in the relaxation equation of the survival probability by a fractional derivative of order $ \alpha ~ ( 0 & lt ; \alpha \leq 1 ) $ .	We also discuss some properties of this new model and its relevance to time series .	Distribution of gliding sums , regression behaviors and sample path properties are studied .	Finally we introduce the $ q $ -Mittag-Leffler process associated with the $ q $ -Mittag-Leffler distribution .
+0	Tidal disruption events are possible sources of temporary nuclear activity in galactic nuclei and can be considered as good indicators of the existence of super massive black holes in the centers of galaxies .	A new X-ray source has been serendipitously detected with ROSAT in a PSPC pointed observation of the galaxy cluster A3571 .	Given the strong flux decay of the object in subsequent detections , the tidal disruption scenario is investigated as possible explanationof the event .	We followed up the evolution of the X-ray transient with ROSAT , XMM-Newton and Chandra for a total period of ~13 years .	We also obtained 7-band optical/NIR photometry with GROND at the ESO/MPI 2.2m telescope .
+4	Furthermore , we show that if these bounds prove a code is universally optimal , then the code remains universally optimal even if one codeword is removed .	We study a discrete model of repelling particles , and we show using linear programming bounds that many familiar families of error-correcting codes minimize a broad class of potential energies when compared with all other codes of the same size and block length .	Examples of these universally optimal codes include Hamming , Golay , and Reed-Solomon codes , among many others , and this helps explain their robustness as the channel model varies .	Universal optimality of these codes is equivalent to minimality of their binomial moments , which has been proved in many cases by Ashikhmin and Barg .	We highlight connections with mathematical physics and the analogy between these results and previous work by Cohn and Kumar in the continuous setting , and we develop a framework for optimizing the linear programming bounds .
+0	The analysis of the causality is important in many fields of research .	I propose a causal theory to obtain the causal effects in a causal loglinear model .	It calculates them using the odds ratio and Pearl 's causal theory .	The effects are calculated distinguishing between a simple mediation model ( model without the multiplicative interaction effect ) and a mediation model with the multiplicative interaction effect .	In both models it is possible also to analyze the cell effect , which is a new interaction effect .
+1	These observations aimed at searching for Earth 's soft ( & lt ; 2 keV ) X-ray aurora in a comparative study with Jupiter 's X-ray aurora , where a pulsating X-ray `` hot-spot '' has been previously observed by Chandra .	Northern auroral regions of Earth were imaged with energetic photons in the 0.1-10 keV range using the High-Resolution Camera ( HRC-I ) aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory at 10 epochs ( each ~20 min duration ) between mid-December 2003 and mid-April 2004 .	The first Chandra soft X-ray observations of Earth 's aurora show that it is highly variable ( intense arcs , multiple arcs , diffuse patches , at times absent ) .	In at least one of the observations an isolated blob of emission is observed near the expected cusp location .	A fortuitous overflight of DMSP satellite F13 provided SSJ/4 energetic particle measurements above a bright arc seen by Chandra on 24 January 2004 , 20:01-20:22 UT .
+3	This map is a natural generalisation of the allocation ( Gittins ) index , a classical quantity in the theory of dynamic allocation .	Consider the classic infinite-horizon problem of stopping a one-dimensional diffusion to optimise between running and terminal rewards and suppose we are given a parametrised family of such problems .	We provide a general theory of parameter dependence in infinite-horizon stopping problems for which threshold strategies are optimal .	The crux of the approach is a supermodularity condition which guarantees that the family of problems is indexable by a set valued map which we call the indifference map .	Importantly , the notion of indexability leads to a framework for inverse optimal stopping problems .
+4	Precise measurements of the B - & gt ; rho l nu spectrum could help to clarify this point .	The approximate tree decays B- - & gt ; pi- pi0/rho- rho0 may serve as benchmark channels for testing the various theoretical descriptions of the strong interaction dynamics in hadronic B meson decays .	The ratios of hadronic and differential semileptonic B - & gt ; pi l nu/rho l nu decay rates at maximum recoil provide particularly clean probes of the QCD dynamics .	We confront the recent NNLO calculation in the QCD factorization framework with experimental data and find support for the factorization assumption .	A detailed analysis of all tree-dominated B - & gt ; pi pi/pi rho/rho rho decay modes seems to favour somewhat enhanced colour-suppressed amplitudes , which may be accommodated in QCD factorization by a small value of the first inverse moment of the B meson light-cone distribution amplitude , lambda_B ~ 250 MeV .
+4	Our results are explained quantitatively by a universal relation based on statistical optics .	Random scattering of light is what makes materials such as white paint , clouds and biological tissue opaque .	We show that although light propagating in these media is diffuse , a high degree of control is possible as phase information is not irreversibly lost .	Opaque objects such as eggshell or white paint focus coherent light as sharply as a lens when illuminated with a wavefront that inverts the wave diffusion .	We demonstrate the construction of such wavefronts using feedback , achieving a focus that is 1000 times brighter than the diffusely transmitted light .
+2	This stringification is nothing but categorification .	Lifting supersymmetric quantum mechanics to loop space yields the superstring .	A particle charged under a fiber bundle thereby turns into a string charged under a 2-bundle , or gerbe .	We look at supersymmetric quantum mechanics on loop space and demonstrate how deformations here give rise to superstring background fields and boundary states , and , when generalized , to local nonabelian connections on loop space .	In order to get a global description of these connections we introduce and study categorified global holonomy in the form of 2-bundles with 2-holonomy .
+2	Accessing it and understanding the inter-relation of connectivity and content in the WWW is a challenging problem .	Beyond the information stored in pages of the World Wide Web , novel types of `` meta-information '' are created when they connect to each other .	This information is a collective effect of independent users writing and linking pages , hidden from the casual user .	We demonstrate here how thematic relationships can be located precisely by looking only at the graph of hyperlinks , gleaning content and context from the Web without having to read what is in the pages .	We begin by noting that reciprocal links ( co-links ) between pages signal a mutual recognition of authors , and then focus on triangles containing such links , since triangles indicate a transitive relation .
+2	In this paper , we study the physical properties of those SPT states , such as the fractionalization of the quantum numbers of the global symmetry on some designed point defects , and the appearance of fractionalized SPT states on some designed defect lines/membranes .	Recently , it was realized that quantum states of matter can be classified as long-range entangled ( LRE ) states ( i.e.with non-trivial topological order ) and short-range entangled ( SRE ) states ( \ie with trivial topological order ) .	We can use group cohomology class $ { \cal H } ^d ( SG , R/Z ) $ to systematically describe the SRE states with a symmetry $ SG $ [ referred as symmetry-protected trivial ( SPT ) or symmetry-protected topological ( SPT ) states ] in $ d $ -dimensional space-time .	Those physical properties are SPT invariants of the SPT states which allow us to experimentally or numerically detect those SPT states , i.e.to measure the elements in $ { \cal H } ^d ( G , R/Z ) $ that label different SPT states .	For example , 2+1D bosonic SPT states with $ Z_n $ symmetry are classified by a $ Z_n $ integer $ m \in { \cal H } ^3 ( Z_n , R/Z ) =Z_n $ .
+3	We show how to compute efficiently the test statistic and we study its performance on simulated data .	The theory of random graphs is being applied in recent years to model neural interactions in the brain .	While the probabilistic properties of random graphs has been extensively studied in the literature , the development of statistical inference methods for this class of objects has received less attention .	In this work we propose a non-parametric test of hypotheses to test if two samples of random graphs were originated from the same probability distribution .	We apply the test to compare graphs of brain functional network interactions built from electroencephalographic ( EEG ) data collected during the visualization of point light displays depicting human locomotion .
+0	We generalise Jensen 's result on the incompatibility of subcompactness with square .	We show that alpha^+-subcompactness of some cardinal less than or equal to alpha precludes square_alpha , but also that square may be forced to hold everywhere where this obstruction is not present .	The forcing also preserves other strong large cardinals .	Similar results are also given for stationary reflection , with a corresponding strengthening of the large cardinal assumption involved .	Finally , we refine the analysis by considering Schimmerling 's hierarchy of weak squares , showing which cases are precluded by alpha^+-subcompactness , and again we demonstrate the optimality of our results by forcing the strongest possible squares under these restrictions to hold .
+4	Comparison with real data is performed by applying tests based on the cumulative velocity frequency distribution ( CVFD ) and bulk flow statistics .	We study the large-scale velocity fields traced by galaxy clusters in numerical simulations of a box of side 960 $ h^ { -1 } $ Mpc , and compare them with available data on real clusters .	In order to test the reliability of the simulations , which are based on an optimized version of the Zel'dovich approximation , we compare their cluster velocities with those of `` exact '' N-body simulations , and find a remarkable agreement between the two according to a variety of statistical tests .	We analyse Cold Dark Matter models with density parameter in the range $ 0.2\le \Omega_0\le 1 $ , both with and without the cosmological constant term to provide a flat geometry .	We also simulate a Cold+Hot Dark Matter model , with 30 % provided by the hot component .
+0	The ATLAS Pixel detector is a high-resolution , low-noise silicon-based device designed to provide tracking and vertexing information within a distance of 12 cm from the LHC beam axis .	It consists of approximately 80 million pixel channels with radiation-hard front-end electronics connected through optical fibers to a custom-controlled DAQ system away from the detector .	Following the successful installation of the detector in June 2007 , an intense commissioning period was conducted in the year 2008 and more than 400,000 cosmic-ray tracks were recorded in conjunction with other ATLAS sub-detectors .	By the end of the year , 96 % of the detector was tuned , calibrated , and taking data at 99.8 % tracking hit efficiency and with noise occupancy at the 10^-10 level .	We present here the results of the commissioning , calibration , and data-taking as well as the outlook for future performance with LHC collision-based data .
+4	Our results show that : ( 1 ) when the initial separation is relatively large ( d & gt ; d_ { iLr } , where d_ { iLr } is the distance between Jupiter and its first inner Lindblad resonance ) , the two planets undergo divergent migration .	We carry out a series of high-resolution ( 1024 X 1024 ) hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the orbital evolution of a Saturn-Jupiter pair embedded in a gaseous disk .	This work extends the results of our previous work by exploring a different orbital configuration -- -Jupiter lies outside Saturn ( q & lt ; 1 , where q= M_i/M_o is the mass ratio of the inner planet and the outer one ) .	We focus on the effects of different initial separations ( d ) between the two planets and the various surface density profiles of the disk , where \sigma \propto r^ { -\alpha } .	We also compare the results of different orbital configurations of the planet pair .
+1	The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to $ 3.0\ , { \rm fb } ^ { -1 } $ of $ pp $ collisions collected with the LHCb detector .	The first study is presented of CP violation with an amplitude analysis of the Dalitz plot of $ B^0 \to D K^+ \pi^- $ decays , with $ D \to K^+ \pi^- $ , $ K^+ K^- $ and $ \pi^+ \pi^- $ .	No significant CP violation effect is seen , and constraints are placed on the angle $ \gamma $ of the unitarity triangle formed from elements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix .	Hadronic parameters associated with the $ B^0 \to D K^* ( 892 ) ^0 $ decay are determined for the first time .	These measurements can be used to improve the sensitivity to $ \gamma $ of existing and future studies of the $ B^0 \to D K^* ( 892 ) ^0 $ decay .
+1	One holds for the decomposition of the higher derivative product into its individual second order factors and the other applies to its complete linear factorisation .	Two multiplicative anomalies are evaluated for the determinant of the conformal higher spin propagating operator on spheres given by Tseytlin .	Using this last factorisation , I also calculate the determinant explicitly in terms of the Riemann zeta function , for both even and odd dimensions .	In the latter case there is no anomaly of course .	The conformal anomaly is also found for arbitrary spin and dimension .
+1	A scoring rule is proper if it encourages truthful reporting .	Scoring rules assess the quality of probabilistic forecasts , by assigning a numerical score based on the predictive distribution and on the event or value that materializes .	It is local of order $ k $ if the score depends on the predictive density only through its value and the values of its derivatives of order up to $ k $ at the realizing event .	Complementing fundamental recent work by Parry , Dawid and Lauritzen , we characterize the local proper scoring rules of order 2 relative to a broad class of Lebesgue densities on the real line , using a different approach .	In a data example , we use local and nonlocal proper scoring rules to assess statistically postprocessed ensemble weather forecasts .
+1	This work brings together methods from DCNNs and probabilistic graphical models for addressing the task of pixel-level classification ( also called `` semantic image segmentation '' ) .	Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ( DCNNs ) have recently shown state of the art performance in high level vision tasks , such as image classification and object detection .	We show that responses at the final layer of DCNNs are not sufficiently localized for accurate object segmentation .	This is due to the very invariance properties that make DCNNs good for high level tasks .	We overcome this poor localization property of deep networks by combining the responses at the final DCNN layer with a fully connected Conditional Random Field ( CRF ) .
+1	Based on recent experimental and theoretical findings of graphene-like monolayer transition metal carbides and nitrides ( also known as MXenes ) , we demonstrate from first-principles calculations that monolayer Ti2C and Ti2N exhibit nearly half-metallic ferromagnetism with the magnetic moments of 1.91 and 1.00 UB per formula unit , respectively , while monolayer V2C is a metal with instable antiferromagnetism , and monolayer V2N is a nonmagnetic metal .	Half-metals and spin gapless semiconductors are promising candidates for spintronic applications due to the complete ( 100 % ) spin polarization of electrons around the Fermi level .	Interestingly , under a biaxial strain , there is a phase transition from nearly half-metal to truly half-metal , spin gapless semiconductor , and metal for monolayer Ti2C .	Monolayer Ti2N is still a nearly half-metal under a proper biaxial strain .	Large magnetic moments can be induced by the biaxial tensile and compressive strains for monolayer V2C and V2N , respectively .
+4	While long-range $ 1/R^3 $ -potentials allow for efficient photoassociation , stabilization is facilitated by the resonant spin-orbit coupling of the $ 0_u^+ $ states .	Photoassociation of two ultracold rubidium atoms and the subsequent formation of stable molecules in the singlet ground and lowest triplet states is investigated theoretically .	The method employs laser pulses inducing transitions via excited states correlated to the $ 5S+5P_ { 1/2 } $ asymptote .	Weakly bound molecules in the singlet ground or lowest triplet state can be created by a single pulse while the formation of more deeply bound molecules requires a two-color pump-dump scenario .	More deeply bound molecules in the singlet ground or lowest triplet state can be produced only if efficient mechanisms for both pump and dump steps exist .
+1	Eisenbrand et al .	In 1992 , Kalai and Kleitman proved the first subexponential upper bound for the diameters of convex polyhedra .	proved this bound holds for connected layer families , a novel approach to analyzing polytope diameters .	Very recently , Todd improved the Kalai-Kleitman bound for polyhedra to $ ( n-d ) ^ { 1+\log_2d } $ .	In this note , we prove an analogous upper bound on the diameters of subset partition graphs satisfying a property related to the connectivity property of connected layer families .
+4	In the limit of long lifetimes , the lifetime effect is irrelevant and the transition is directly from the fully polarized to the FFLO state .	Motivated by the recent experimental realization of a candidate to the Fulde-Ferrell ( FF ) and the Larkin-Ovchinnikov ( LO ) states in one dimensional ( 1D ) atomic Fermi gases , we study the quantum phase transitions in these enigmatic , finite momentum-paired superfluids .	We focus on the FF state and investigate the effects of the induced interaction on the stability of the FFLO phase in homogeneous spin-imbalanced quasi-1D Fermi gases at zero temperature .	When this is taken into account we find a direct transition from the fully polarized to the FFLO state .	Also , we consider the effect of a finite lifetime of the quasi-particles states in the normal-superfluid instability .
+1	It builds on earlier work by Gallager and Witsenhausen to provide a detailed analysis of two particular quantization schemes .	This paper provides new insight into the classical problem of determining both the capacity of the discrete-time channel with uniform output quantization and the capacity achieving input distribution .	The first is saturation quantization where overflows are mapped to the nearest quantization bin , and the second is wrapping quantization where overflows are mapped to the nearest quantization bin after reduction by some modulus .	Both the capacity of wrapping quantization and the capacity achieving input distribution are determined .	When the additive noise is gaussian and relatively small , the capacity of saturation quantization is shown to be bounded below by that of wrapping quantization .
+2	While in general the results depend heavily on the choices made for certain auxiliary structures , an additional physical argument leads to a unique result for typical cases .	This paper explores in some detail a recent proposal ( the Rieffel induction/refined algebraic quantization scheme ) for the quantization of constrained gauge systems .	Below , the focus is on systems with a single constraint and , in this context , on the uniqueness of the construction .	We also discuss the `superselection laws ' that result from this scheme and how their existence also depends on the choice of auxiliary structures .	Again , when these structures are chosen in a physically motivated way , the resulting superselection laws are physically reasonable .
+4	Therefore , encapsulating Mo wires in CNT is a way to create conductive quasi one-dimensional hybrid nanostructures .	Monoatomic chains of molybdenum encapsulated in single walled carbon nanotubes of different chiralities are investigated using density functional theory .	We determine the optimal size of the carbon nanotube for encapsulating a single atomic wire , as well as the most stable atomic arrangement adopted by the wire .	We also study the transport properties in the ballistic regime by computing the transmission coefficients and tracing them back to electronic conduction channels of the wire and the host .	We predict that carbon nanotubes of appropriate radii encapsulating a Mo wire have metallic behavior , even if both the nanotube and the wire are insulators .
+0	A MHz frame rate X-ray area detector ( LPD - Large Pixel Detector ) is under development by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for the European XFEL .	The detector will have 1 million pixels and allows analogue storage of 512 images taken at 4.5 MHz in the detector front end .	The LPD detector has 500 mm thick silicon sensor tiles that are bump bonded to a readout ASIC .	The ASICs preamplifier provides relatively low noise at high speed which results in a high dynamic range of 10^5 photons over an energy range of 5-20 keV .	Small scale prototypes of 32x256 pixels ( LPD 2-Tile detector ) and 256x256 pixels ( LPD supermodule detector ) are now available for X-ray tests .
+1	We assume that the ICL forms by ( 1 ) stellar stripping of satellite galaxies and ( 2 ) relaxation processes that take place during galaxy mergers .	We study the formation of the Intra-Cluster Light ( ICL ) using a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation , coupled to merger trees extracted from N-body simulations of groups and clusters .	The fraction of ICL in groups and clusters predicted by our models ranges between 10 and 40 per cent , with a large halo-to-halo scatter and no halo mass dependence .	We note , however , that our predicted ICL fractions depend on the resolution : for a set of simulations with particle mass one order of magnitude larger than that adopted in the high resolution runs used in our study , we find that the predicted ICL fractions are ~30-40 per cent larger than those found in the high resolution runs .	On cluster scale , large part of the scatter is due to a range of dynamical histories , while on smaller scale it is driven by individual accretion events and stripping of very massive satellites , $ M_ { * } \gtrsim 10^ { 10.5 } M_ { \odot } $ , that we find to be the major contributors to the ICL .
+3	This result does not depend on the neutrino masses .	In the context of the standard model the quantization of the electric charge occurs only family by family .	When we consider the three families together with massless neutrinos the electric charge is not quantized any more .	Here we show that a chiral bilepton gauge model based on the gauge group SU ( 3 ) _C X SU ( 3 ) _L X U ( 1 ) _N explains the quantization of the electric charge when we take into account the three families of fermions .	Charge quantization occurs either the neutrinos are massless or Dirac or Majorana massive fields .
+2	Our main observation is that if users further explain their examples , the set of qualifying queries may be significantly more focused .	To assist non-specialists in formulating database queries , multiple frameworks that automatically infer queries from a set of examples have been proposed .	While highly useful , a shortcoming of the approach is that if users can only provide a small set of examples , many inherently different queries may qualify , and only some of these actually match the user intentions .	We develop a novel framework where users explain example tuples by choosing input tuples that are intuitively the `` cause '' for their examples .	Their explanations are automatically `` compiled '' into a formal model for explanations , based on previously developed models of data provenance .
+0	The phase behavior of a model suspension of colloidal polydisperse platelets is studied using density-functional theory .	Platelets are modelled as parallel rectangular prisms of square section $ l $ and height $ h $ , with length and height distributions given by different polydispersities $ \delta_l $ and $ \delta_h $ .	We obtain the phase behavior of the model , including nematic , smectic and columnar phases and its dependence with the two polydispersities $ \delta_l $ and $ \delta_h $ .	When $ \delta_l & gt ; \delta_h $ we observe that the smectic phase stabilises first with respect to the columnar .	If $ \delta_h & gt ; \delta_l $ we observe the opposite behavior .
+4	Remarkably , at the quantum level the negative norm states are eliminated , as well as the problems of unbounded below energy and non-unitary time evolution .	Our purpose in this paper is to analyze the Pais-Uhlenbeck ( PU ) oscillator using complex canonical transformations .	We show that starting from a Lagrangian approach we obtain a transformation that makes the extended PU oscillator , with unequal frequencies , to be equivalent to two standard second order oscillators which have the original number of degrees of freedom .	Such extension is provided by adding a total time derivative to the PU Lagrangian together with a complexification of the original variables further subjected to reality conditions in order to maintain the required number of degrees of freedom .	The analysis is accomplished at both the classical and quantum levels .
+4	The observed UV emission is too strong to arise from the accretion disc or the host galaxy but can be attributed to a jet .	We perform X-ray/UV spectral and X-ray variability study on the radio-loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 ( NLS1 ) galaxy RXJ1633.3+4719 using XMM-Newton and Suzaku observations performed in 2011 and 2012 .	The 0.3 $ - $ 10 keV spectra consist of an ultra-soft component below $ 0.5 $ keV , described by an accretion disc blackbody ( $ kT_ { in } = 39.6^ { +11.2 } _ { -5.5 } $ eV ) and a power-law due to thermal Comptonization ( $ \Gamma=1.96^ { +0.24 } _ { -0.31 } $ ) of the disc emission .	The disc temperature inferred from the soft excess is at least a factor of two lower than that found for the canonical soft excess emission from radio-quiet NLS1s .	The UV spectrum is described by a power-law with photon index $ 3.05^ { +0.56 } _ { -0.33 } $ .
+4	In to- tal , 148 high-quality radial-velocity measurements were obtained over two observing seasons .	Kepler-10b was the first rocky planet detected by the Kepler satellite and con- firmed with radial velocity follow-up observations from Keck-HIRES .	The mass of the planet was measured with a precision of around 30 % , which was insufficient to constrain models of its internal structure and composition in detail .	In addition to Kepler-10b , a second planet transiting the same star with a period of 45 days was sta- tistically validated , but the radial velocities were only good enough to set an upper limit of 20 Mearth for the mass of Kepler-10c .	To improve the precision on the mass for planet b , the HARPS-N Collaboration decided to observe Kepler-10 intensively with the HARPS-N spectrograph on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo on La Palma .
+1	We were able to determine redshifts for 289 extragalactic sources .	We present the largest spectroscopic follow-up performed in SWIRE ELAIS-N1 .	The values of spectroscopic redshifts of the latter have been compared with the estimated values from our photometric redshift code with very good agreement between the two for both galaxies and quasars .	Six of the quasars are hyperluminous infrared galaxies all of which are broad line AGN .	We have performed emission line diagnostics for 30 sources in order to classify them into star-forming , Seyferts , composite and LINER and compare the results to the predictions from our SED template fitting methods and mid-IR selection methods .
+2	Firstly , we define substitutability constraints which ensure the component encapsulation while performing reconfigurations by component substitutions .	Component substitution has numerous practical applications and constitutes an active research topic .	This paper proposes to enrich an existing component-based framework -- a model with dynamic reconfigurations making the system evolve -- with a new reconfiguration operation which `` substitutes '' components by other components , and to study its impact on sequences of dynamic reconfigurations .	Then , we integrate them into a substitutability-based simulation to take these substituting reconfigurations into account on sequences of dynamic reconfigurations .	Thirdly , as this new relation being in general undecidable for infinite-state systems , we propose a semi-algorithm to check it on the fly .
+3	The results show significant improvement over the JM-ECS method [ Bidasyuk et al , Phys.Rev .	The Schr\ '' odinger equation for two and tree-body problems is solved for scattering states in a hybrid representation where solutions are expanded in the eigenstates of the harmonic oscillator in the interaction region and on a finite difference grid in the near -- and far -- field .	The two representations are coupled through a high -- order asymptotic formula that takes into account the function values and the third derivative in the classical turning points .	For various examples the convergence is analyzed for various physics problems that use an expansion in a large number of oscillator states .	C 82 , 064603 ( 2010 ) ] .
+1	We extend our previous work on the exact master equation describing the non-Markovian electron dynamics in the double dot [ Phys.Rev .	In this paper , we develop a nonequilibrium theory for transient electron transport dynamics in nanostructures based on the Feynman-Vernon influence functional approach .	B78 , 235311 ( 2008 ) ] to the nanostructures in which the energy levels of the central region , the couplings to the leads and the external biases applied to leads are all time-dependent .	We then derive nonperturbatively the exact transient current in terms of the reduced density matrix within the same framework .	This provides an exact non-linear response theory for quantum transport processes with back-reaction effect from the contacts , including the non-Markovian quantum relaxation and dephasing , being fully taken into account .
+3	This trisection is such that each of the three sectors is a regular neighborhood of a regular fiber of the pencil .	Donaldson showed that every closed symplectic 4-manifold can be given the structure of a topological Lefschetz pencil .	Gay and Kirby showed that every closed 4-manifold has a trisection .	In this paper we relate these two structure theorems , showing how to construct a trisection directly from a topological Lefschetz pencil .	This is a 4-dimensional analog of the following trivial 3-dimensional result : For every open book decomposition of a 3-manifold M , there is a decomposition of M into three handlebodies , each of which is a regular neighborhood of a page .
+4	Analytical expressions are obtained relating the viscosity parameter to the reflection and transmission coefficients of light .	We provide a general theoretical framework to describe the electromagnetic properties of viscous charged fluids , consisting for example of electrons in certain solids or plasmas .	We confirm that finite viscosity leads to multiple modes of evanescent electromagnetic waves at a given frequency , one of which is characterized by a negative index of refraction , as previously discussed in a simplified model by one of the authors .	In particular we explain how optical spectroscopy can be used to probe the viscosity .	We concentrate on the impact of this on the coefficients of refraction and reflection at the sample-vacuum interface .
+4	Possible reasons for the pronounced differences between the magnetic phase diagrams of thin-film and bulk samples are discussed .	The magnetic phase diagram of La2-xSrxCuO4 thin-films grown on single-crystal LaSrAlO4 substrates has been determined by low-energy muon-spin rotation .	The diagram shows the same features as the one of bulk La2-xSrxCuO4 , but the transition temperatures between distinct magnetic states are significantly different .	In the antiferromagnetic phase the Neel temperature TN is strongly reduced , and no hole spin freezing is observed at low temperatures .	In the disordered magnetic phase ( x & gt ; 0.02 ) the transition temperature to the cluster spin-glass state Tg is enhanced .
+3	These give rise to Wheeler-DeWitt equations for the scale factor .	We present perfect fluid Friedmann-Robertson-Walker quantum cosmological models in the presence of negative cosmological constant .	In this work the Schutz 's variational formalism is applied for radiation , dust , cosmic string , and domain wall dominated Universes with positive , negative , and zero constant spatial curvature .	In this approach the notion of time can be recovered .	We find their igenvalues and eigenfunctions by using Spectral Method .
+3	The introduction of antibranes lifts the minima to a chain of ( non-supersymmetric ) de Sitter minima with the value of the cosmological constant decreasing with increasing compactification scale .	We extend a recent scenario of Kachru , Kallosh , Linde and Trivedi to fix the string moduli fields by using a combination of fluxes and non-perturbative superpotentials , leading to de Sitter vacua .	In our scenario the non-perturbative superpotential is taken to be the N=1^* superpotential for an SU ( N ) theory , originally computed by Dorey and recently rederived using the techniques of Dijkgraaf-Vafa .	The fact that this superpotential includes the full instanton contribution gives rise to the existence of a large number of minima , increasing with N. In the absence of supersymmetry breaking these correspond to supersymmetric anti de Sitter vacua .	Simpler cases are also discussed , including a finite instanton sum , as in the racetrack scenario .
+0	We study the complex Dulac map for a holomorphic foliation of the complex plane , near a non-degenerate singularity ( both eigenvalues of the linearization are nonzero ) with two separatrices .	Following the well-known results of Y. Il'yashenko we provide a geometric approach allowing to study the whole maximal domain of ( geometric ) definition of the Dulac map .	In particular its topology and the regularity of its boundary are completely described .	We also study the order of magnitude of the first non-trivial term of its asymptotic expansion and show how to compute it using path integrals supported in the leaves of the linearized foliation .	Explicit bounds on the remainder are given .
+3	For the range of initial conditions considered here , our results are consistent with an universal initial binary fraction \approx 10 % ( which does not , however , preclude 100 % ) and an universal initial stellar mass function resembling the standard Kroupa distribution .	In this paper , we discuss the origin of the observed correlation between cluster concentration c and present-day mass function ( PDMF ) slope { \alpha } reported by De Marchi , Paresce & amp ; Pulone .	This relation can either be reproduced from universal initial conditions combined with some dynamical mechanism ( s ) that alter ( s ) the cluster structure and mass function over time , or it must arise early on in the cluster lifetime , such as during the gas-embedded phase of cluster formation .	Using a combination of Monte Carlo and N-body models for globular cluster evolution performed with the MOCCA and NBODY6 codes , respectively , we explore a number of dynamical mechanisms that could affect the observed relation .	Most of the dispersion observed in the c- { \alpha } relation can be attributed to two-body relaxation and Galactic tides .
+2	This region corresponds to a portion of de Sitter space with a preferred frame .	Local and non-local properties of Hawking radiation in the presence of short distance dispersion are computed using connection formulae .	The robustness of the spectrum and that of the two-point function are explained by showing that the leading deviations from the relativistic expressions decrease with the inverse of the spatial extension of the near horizon region .	We show that the phases of the Bogoliubov coefficients are relevant for the two-point function in black and white holes , and also for the black hole laser effect .	We also present an unexpected relation between the spectra obtained with sub and with superluminal dispersion and we apply our formalism to massive fields .
+2	Assuming the standard solar model , there are two allowed regions for MSW conversions into $ \nu_\mu $ or $ \nu_\tau $ , with the non-adiabatic solution giving a better fit than the large angle .	The status of solar neutrino experiments and their implications for both nonstandard astrophysics ( { \it e.g. , } cool sun models ) and nonstandard neutrino properties ( { \it e.g. , } MSW conversions ) are discussed .	Assuming that all of the experiments are correct , the relative rates observed by Kamiokande and Homestake are hard to account for by a purely astrophysical solution , while MSW conversions can describe all of the data .	For conversions into sterile neutrinos there is only a nonadiabatic solution .	Allowing both MSW conversions and nonstandard astrophysics , the data simultaneously determine the temperature of the core of the sun to within five percent , consistent with the standard solar model prediction .
+4	The width of conductance plateaus is found to depend sensitively on the spin flip rate $ 1/\tau_s $ .	Sharp localization transitions of chiral edge states in disordered quantum wires , subject to strong magnetic field , are shown to be driven by crossovers from two- to one-dimensional localization of bulk states .	As a result , the two-terminal conductance is found to exhibit at zero temperature discontinuous transitions between { \it exactly } integer plateau values and zero , reminiscent of first order phase transitions .	We discuss the corresponding phase diagram .	The spin of the electrons is shown to result in a multitude of phases , when the spin degeneracy is lifted by the Zeeman energy .
+3	Here we describe the current stage of this exploration .	The origin of ultra high energy cosmic rays promises to lead us to a deeper understanding of the structure of matter .	This is possible through the study of particle collisions at center-of-mass energies in interactions far larger than anything possible with the Large Hadron Collider , albeit at the substantial cost of no control over the sources and interaction sites .	For the extreme energies we have to identify and understand the sources first , before trying to use them as physics laboratories .	The most promising contenders as sources are radio galaxies and gamma ray bursts .
+3	We combine our imaging with Hubble Space Telescope data to measure the GC surface density close to the galaxy center .	This paper presents results from wide-field imaging of the globular cluster ( GC ) systems of five intermediate-luminosity ( M_V ~-21 to -22 ) early-type galaxies .	The aim is to accurately quantify the global properties of the GC systems by measuring them out to large radii .	We obtained BVR imaging of four lenticular galaxies ( NGC 5866 , NGC 4762 , NGC 4754 , NGC 3384 ) and one elliptical galaxy ( NGC 5813 ) using the KPNO 4m telescope and MOSAIC imager and traced the GC population to projected galactocentric radii ranging from ~20 kpc to 120 kpc .	We calculate the total number of GCs ( N_GC ) from the integrated radial profile and find N_GC = 340 +/- 80 for NGC 5866 , N_GC = 2900 +/- 400 for NGC 5813 , N_GC = 270 +/- 30 for NGC 4762 , N_GC = 115 +/- 15 $ for NGC 4754 , and N_GC = 120 +/- 30 for NGC 3384 .
+2	The missing `diaelectricity ' may be found if there exists a material that has a dc-polarization opposing the electric field or a negative dielectric susceptibility epsilon'-1 , with epsilon ' being the real part of the relative dielectric constant .	The analogy between magnetism and electricity has long been established by Maxwell in the 19th century , in spite of their subtle difference .	While magnetic materials display paramagnetism , ferromagnetism , antiferromagnetism , and diamagnetism , only paraelectricity , ferroelectricity , and antiferrolelectricity have been found in dielectric materials .	Both of these properties have been observed in nano-particle aggregates under a dc electric bias field at room temperature .	A possible collective effect in the nano-particle aggregates is proposed to account for the observation .
+4	Here we solve the doublecross case ; that is , we prove that every two-edge-connected doublecross cubic graph is three-edge-colourable .	A graph is apex if there is a vertex whose deletion makes the graph planar , and doublecross if it can be drawn in the plane with only two crossings , both incident with the infinite region in the natural sense .	In 1966 , Tutte conjectured that every two-edge-connected cubic graph with no Petersen graph minor is three-edge-colourable .	With Neil Robertson , two of us showed that this is true in general if it is true for apex graphs and doublecross graphs .	In another paper , two of us solved the apex case , but the doublecross case remained open .
+2	In contrast , the nanoscale morphology and high charge densities in organic photovoltaic cells ( OPVs ) give a high rate of electron-hole encounters , which should result in the formation of spin triplet excitons , as in organic light emitting diodes ( OLEDs ) 2 .	In photovoltaic diodes recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes is a major loss process .	Biological light harvesting complexes ( LHCs ) prevent recombination via the use of cascade structures , which lead to spatial separation of charge-carriers1 .	OPVs would have poor quantum efficiencies if every encounter lead to recombination , but state-of-the-art OPVs demonstrate near-unity quantum efficiency3 .	Here we show that this suppression of recombination can be engineered through the interplay between spin , energetics and delocalisation of electronic excitations in organic semiconductors .
+2	Variety of other incongruities as consequence of Landau damping is specified also .	Landau damping/growing at boundary condition of excitation of a harmonic wave in collisionless ion-electron-neutrals plasma contradicts to the law of energy conservation of a wave damping/growing in space .	There is also no criterion of a choice either damping or growing solution in difference from always non-damping in the direction of propagation Vlasov waves .	Absence of explicit positivity and finiteness of wave solutions for electron distribution function near singularity point leads to need of imposing additional cutting off constraints with resulting positivity and finiteness of the electron distribution function at the singularity points and finiteness of the complex dispersion integral .	Landau damping as a real physical phenomenon of collisionless damping does not exist .
+4	We extend the system to the noncolliding process with an infinite number of particles , when the initial configuration has equidistant spacing of particles , and show a relaxation phenomenon to the equilibrium determinantal point process with the sine kernel .	The continuous-time random walk is defined as a Poissonization of discrete-time random walk .	We study the noncolliding system of continuous-time simple and symmetric random walks on $ { \mathbb { Z } } $ .	We show that the system is determinantal for any finite initial configuration without multiple point .	The spatio-temporal correlation kernel is expressed by using the modified Bessel functions .
+3	We analyze far-infrared and optical B-band surface brightnesses of the H II regions and the non-H II regions in M~31 and show that a far-infrared-to-optical B-band flux ratio , f ( FIR ) /f ( B ) , is a useful indicator of the present star formation activity of spiral galaxies .	The star formation rate in spiral galaxies is considered to be decreasing continuously with time in a time scale of $ 10^ { 9 } $ yr .	The present star formation activity , on the other hand , shows various degrees among galaxies .	We make a new data set of 1681 nearby spiral galaxies from available databases and study the statistics of the present star formation activity .	For the sample galaxies , we make the distribution diagram of log ( f ( FIR ) /f ( B ) ) versus log L ( B ) for each morphological type .
+3	Finally we calculate a distance using the SEAM method .	We present detailed NLTE spectral synthesis models of the Type II supernova 2005cs , which occurred in M51 and for which the explosion time is well determined .	We show that previous estimates for the reddening were significantly too high and briefly discuss how this will effect the inferred progenitor mass .	We also show that standard CNO-burning enhanced abundances require far too large an oxygen depletion , although there is evidence for a single optical N II line and the sodium abundance shows clear evidence for enhancement over solar both as expected from CNO processing .	Given the broad range of distances to M51 in the literature , the determination of a distance using Cepheid variables would be quite valuable .
+1	For a homogeneous water-poor phase , as the distance between the surfaces is decreased , a water-rich phase condenses at a distance $ D_t $ in the range 1-100nm .	We examine the force between two charged surfaces immersed in aqueous mixtures having a coexistence curve .	At this distance the osmotic pressure can become negative leading to a long-range attraction between the surfaces .	The osmotic pressure vanishes at a distance $ D_e & lt ; D_t $ , representing a very deep metastable or globally stable energetic state .	We give analytical and numerical results for $ D_t $ and $ D_e $ on the Poisson-Boltzmann level .
+4	Further , we establish connections with interpolation .	We study notions such as & amp ; # 64257 ; nite presentability and coherence , for partially ordered abelian groups and vector spaces .	Typical results are the following : ( i ) A partially ordered abelian group G is & amp ; # 64257 ; nitely presented if and only if G is & amp ; # 64257 ; nitely generated as a group , the positive cone G^+ is well-founded as a partially ordered set , and the set of minimal elements of ( G^+ ) - { 0 } is & amp ; # 64257 ; nite .	( ii ) Torsion-free , & amp ; # 64257 ; nitely presented partially ordered abelian groups can be represented as subgroups of some Z^n , with a & amp ; # 64257 ; nitely generated submonoid of ( Z+ ) ^n as positive cone .	( iii ) Every unperforated , & amp ; # 64257 ; nitely presented partially ordered abelian group is Archimedean .
+4	$ \Delta^0_2 $ when in the Baire space ) , and it characterizes the families of linear preferences such that every game using these preferences has a subgame perfect equilibrium : the preferences without infinite ascending chains ( of course ) , and such that for all players $ a $ and $ b $ and outcomes $ x , y , z $ we have $ \neg ( z & lt ; _a y & lt ; _a x \ , \wedge\ , x & lt ; _b z & lt ; _b y ) $ .	Subgame perfect equilibria are specific Nash equilibria in perfect information games in extensive form .	They are important because they relate to the rationality of the players .	They always exist in infinite games with continuous real-valued payoffs , but may fail to exist even in simple games with slightly discontinuous payoffs .	This article considers only games whose outcome functions are measurable in the Hausdorff difference hierarchy of the open sets ( \textit { i.e . }
+1	This is exactly equivalent to the evolution of probability distributions in models of cultural transmission with drift and innovation , or models of homogeneity in genes in the presence of mutation .	We look at the evolution through rewiring of the degree distribution of a network so the number edges is constant .	We show that the mean field equations in the literature are incomplete and provide the full equations .	We then give an exact solution for both their long time solution and for their approach to equilibrium .	Numerical results show these are excellent approximations and confirm the characteristic simple inverse power law distributions with a large scale cutoff under certain conditions .
+3	The peak of optical absorption spectrum is not directly corresponding to the dimerized gap .	An analytical nonadiabatic approach has been developed to study the dimerization gap and the optical absorption coefficient of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model where the electrons interact with dispersive quantum phonons .	By investigating quantitatively the effects of quantum phonon fluctuations on the gap order and the optical responses in this system , we show that the dimerization gap is much more reduced by the quantum lattice fluctuations than the optical absorption coefficient is .	The calculated optical absorption coefficient and the density of states do not have the inverse-square-root singularity , but have a peak above the gap edge and there exist a significant tail below the peak .	Our results of the optical absorption coefficient agree well with those of the experiments in both the shape and the peak position of the optical absorption spectrum .
+2	In addition , Zn is observed to induce a local density of states near the Fermi Energy in its neighbourhood , which also decays over about 3 cell units .	Oxygen NMR is used to probe the local influence of nonmagnetic Zn and magnetic Ni impurities in the superconducting state of optimally doped high Tc YBa2Cu3O7 .	Zn and Ni induce a staggered paramagnetic polarization , similar to that evidenced above Tc , with a typical extension xi=3 cell units for Zn and xi & gt ; =3 for Ni .	Its magnitude decreases sharply with increasing temperature .	This allows direct comparison with the STM observations done in BiSCO .
+2	He proved that this map is injective and ask if it is surjective .	Let $ ( X , O ) $ be a germ of a normal surface singularity , $ \pi : \tilde X\longrightarrow X $ be the minimal resolution of singularities and let $ A= ( a_ { i , j } ) $ be the $ n\times n $ symmetrical intersection matrix of the exceptional set of $ \tilde X $ .	In an old preprint Nash proves that the set of arcs on a surface singularity is a scheme $ { \cal H } $ , and defines a map $ { \cal N } $ from the set of irreducible components of $ { \cal H } $ to the set of exceptional components of the minimal resolution of singularities of $ ( X , O ) $ .	In this paper we consider the canonical decomposition $ { \cal H } =\cup_ { i=1 } ^n \bar { \cal N } _i $ : o For any couple $ ( E_i , E_j ) $ of distinct exceptional components , we define Numerical Nash condition $ ( NN_ { ( i , j ) } ) $ .	We have that $ ( NN_ { ( i , j ) } ) $ implies $ \bar { \cal N } _ { i } \not\subset \bar { \cal N } _ { j } $ .
+3	The rate of thermalization depends on the proximity to the integrable limit .	We investigate the rate of thermalization of local operators in the one-dimensional anisotropic antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with next-nearest neighbor interactions that break integrability .	This is done by calculating the scaling of the difference of the diagonal and canonical thermal ensemble values as function of system size , and by directly calculating the time evolution of the expectation values of the operators with the Chebyshev polynomial expansion .	Spatial and spin symmetry is exploited and the Hamiltonian is divided in subsectors according to their symmetry .	When integrability is weakly broken thermalization is slow , and becomes faster the stronger the next-nearest neighbor interaction is .
+0	We present the work undertaken by the Evolution and Seismic Tools Activity ( ESTA ) team of the CoRoT Seismology Working Group .	We have focused on two main tasks : Task 1 - now finished - has aimed at testing , comparing and optimising seven stellar evolution codes which will be used to model the internal structure and evolution of the CoRoT target stars .	Task 2 , still underway , aims at testing , comparing and optimising different seismic codes used to calculate the oscillations of models for different types of stars .	The results already obtained are quite satisfactory , showing minor differences between the different numerical tools provided the same assumptions on the physical parameters are made .	This work gives us confidence on the numerical tools that will be available to interpret the future CoRoT seismic data .
+1	We investigate both effects by molecular-dynamics simulations on melts of fully-flexible linear chains ranging from dimers ( $ M=2 $ ) up to entangled polymers ( $ M=200 $ ) .	The random walk of a bonded monomer in a polymer melt is anisotropic due to local order and bond connectivity .	The corresponding atomic liquid is also considered as reference system .	To disentangle the influence of the local geometry and the bond arrangements , and reveal their interplay , we define suitable measures of the anisotropy emphasising either the former or the latter aspect .	Connectivity anisotropy , as measured by the correlation between the initial bond orientation and the direction of the subsequent monomer displacement , shows a slight enhancement due to the local order at times shorter than the structural relaxation time .
+3	Some preliminary results on the specific heat of fermions in optical lattices are also presented .	We present a theoretical study of bose condensation and specific heat of non-interacting bosons in finite lattices in harmonic potentials in one , two , and three dimensions .	We numerically diagonalize the Hamiltonian to obtain the energy levels of the systems .	Using the energy levels thus obtained , we investigate the temperature dependence , dimensionality effects , lattice size dependence , and evolution to the bulk limit of the condensate fraction and the specific heat .	The results obtained are contextualized within the current experimental and theoretical scenario .
+4	Finally , new results highlighting the importance of mechanical tension in the operation of a two-footed walker are presented , demonstrating that recovery from an unintended `overstepped ' configuration can be accelerated by three to four orders of magnitude by application of a moderate tension to the walker 's track .	DNA nanotechnology promises to provide controllable self-assembly on the nanoscale , allowing for the design of static structures , dynamic machines and computational architectures .	In this article I review the state-of-the art of DNA nanotechnology , highlighting the need for a more detailed understanding of the key processes , both in terms of theoretical modelling and experimental characterisation .	I then consider coarse-grained models of DNA , mesoscale descriptions that have the potential to provide great insight into the operation of DNA nanotechnology if they are well designed .	In particular , I discuss a number of nanotechnological systems that have been studied with oxDNA , a recently developed coarse-grained model , highlighting the subtle interplay of kinetic , thermodynamic and mechanical factors that can determine behaviour .
+4	The twisted version of the two types vertex operators are also obtained .	A realization of the elliptic quantum algebra $ U_ { q , p } ( \widehat { sl_2 } ) $ for any given level $ k $ is constructed in terms of three free boson fields and their accompanying twisted partners .	It can be viewed as the elliptic deformation of Wakimoto realization .	Two screening currents are constructed ; they commute or anti-commute with $ U_ { q , p } ( \widehat { sl_2 } ) $ modulo total q-differences .	The free fields realization for two types vertex operators nominated as the type $ I $ and the type $ II $ vertex operators are presented .
+4	For demonstration , the paper presents a number of numerical examples in 2D and 3D : electrostatic ( magnetostatic ) particle interactions , scattering of electromagnetic ( acoustic ) waves , and wave propagation in a photonic crystal .	The recently developed Flexible Local Approximation MEthod ( FLAME ) produces accurate difference schemes by replacing the usual Taylor expansion with Trefftz functions -- local solutions of the underlying differential equation .	This paper advances and casts in a general form a significant modification of FLAME proposed recently by Pinheiro & amp ; Webb : a least-squares fit instead of the exact match of the approximate solution at the stencil nodes .	As a consequence of that , FLAME schemes can now be generated on irregular stencils with the number of nodes substantially greater than the number of approximating functions .	The accuracy of the method is preserved but its robustness is improved .
+3	Supernovae were thought to have non-relativistic outflows except for few relativistic ones accompanied by GRBs .	Gamma Ray Bursts ( GRBs ) are characterized by ultra-relativistic outflows , while supernovae are generally characterized by non-relativistic ejecta .	GRB afterglows decelerate rapidly usually within days , because their low-mass ejecta rapidly sweep up a comparatively larger mass of circumstellar material .	However supernovae , with heavy ejecta , can be in nearly free expansion for centuries .	This clear division was blurred by SN 2009bb , the first supernova with a relativistic outflow without an observed GRB .
+4	These results are pre- sented in comparison with the generic accelerating structure model within PARMELA .	Particle-in-cell simulations were performed by using PARMELA to characterise an electron injector with a booster linac for the AWAKE project in order to provide the baseline specifications required by the plasma wakefield experiments .	Tolerances and errors were investigated .	A 3 GHz travelling wave structure designed by using CST code .	Particles were tracked by using the field maps acquired from these electromagnetic simulations .
+2	The experiments are performed in the vicinity of a Dirac point , i.e. , an isolated conical singularity of the photonic band structure .	This article presents experimental results on properties of waves propagating in an unbounded and a bounded photonic crystal consisting of metallic cylinders which are arranged in a triangular lattice .	First , we present transmission measurements of plane waves traversing a photonic crystal .	There , the transmission shows a pseudodiffusive 1/L dependence , with $ L $ being the thickness of the crystal , a phenomenon also observed in graphene .	Second , eigenmode intensity distributions measured in a microwave analog of a relativistic Dirac billiard , a rectangular microwave billiard that contains a photonic crystal , are discussed .
+3	Path integral formulation was used to derive mean field free energies for the different models .	The behavior of polyelectrolytes and polyampholytes in semi-dilute solutions is investigated theoretically .	Various statistical charge distributions along the polyelectrolyte chains are considered : smeared , annealed , permuted and quenched .	Annealed polyampholytes are also considered .	Self-consistent field equation is obtained for the polymer order parameter and a Poisson-Boltzmann like equation for the electrostatic potential .
+4	Our model calculations succeeded in explaining the two meta-magnetic transitions that arise when Li $ _2 $ MnO $ _3 $ enters two different spin-flop phases from the zero field Neel phase .	We have carried out high magnetic field studies of single-crystalline Li $ _2 $ MnO $ _3 $ , a honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet .	Its magnetic phase diagram was mapped out using magnetization measurements at applied fields up to 35 T. Our results show that it undergoes two successive meta-magnetic transitions around 9 T fields applied perpendicular to the ab-plane ( along the c*-axis ) .	These phase transitions are completely absent in the magnetization measured with field applied along the ab-plane .	In order to understand this magnetic phase diagram , we developed a mean-field model starting from the correct Neel-type magnetic structure , consistent with our single crystal neutron diffraction data at zero field .
+3	The problem arises in web caching by browsers and by proxies .	In the on-line file-caching problem problem , the input is a sequence of requests for files , given on-line ( one at a time ) .	Each file has a non-negative size and a non-negative retrieval cost .	The problem is to decide which files to keep in a fixed-size cache so as to minimize the sum of the retrieval costs for files that are not in the cache when requested .	This paper describes a natural generalization of LRU called Landlord and gives an analysis showing that it has an optimal performance guarantee ( among deterministic on-line algorithms ) .
+2	Previously , the approach to retrieving the memories from the network was to clamp all the individual neurons separately and verify the integrity of these memories .	This paper continues on the work of the B-Matrix approach in hebbian learning proposed by Dr. Kak .	It reports the results on methods of improving the memory retrieval capacity of the hebbian neural network which implements the B-Matrix approach .	Here we present a network with the capability to identify the `` active sites '' in the network during the training phase and use these `` active sites '' to generate the memories retrieved from these neurons .	Three methods are proposed for obtaining the update order of the network from the proximity matrix when multiple neurons are to be clamped .
+0	We study the behavior with the number of colors ( $ N_c $ ) of the $ \Lambda ( 1405 ) $ and $ \Lambda ( 1670 ) $ resonances obtained dynamically within the chiral unitary approach .	The leading order meson-baryon interaction , used as the kernel of the unitarization procedure , manifests a nontrivial $ N_c $ dependence of the flavor SU ( 3 ) representation for baryons .	As a consequence , the SU ( 3 ) singlet ( or $ \bar { K } N $ ) component of the $ \Lambda ( 1405 ) $ states remains bound in the large $ N_c $ limit , while the other components dissolve into the continuum .	Introducing explicit SU ( 3 ) breaking , we obtain the $ N_c $ dependence of the excitation energy , masses and widths of the physical $ \Lambda ( 1405 ) $ and $ \Lambda ( 1670 ) $ resonance .	The $ N_c $ behavior of the decay width is found to be different from the general counting rule for a $ qqq $ state , indicating the dynamical origin of these resonances .
+0	We reinvestigate the massive stellar content of NGC3125 ( Tol3 ) using VLT/FORS1 imaging & amp ; spectroscopy , plus archival VLT/ISAAC , HST/FOC and HST/STIS datasets .	Narrow-band imaging confirms that A and B knots represent the primary sites of Wolf-Rayet ( WR ) stars , whilst HST imaging reveals that both regions host multiple clusters .	Clusters A1 + A2 within region A host WR stars .	altough is not clear which cluster within region B hosts WR stars .	Nebular properties infer an LMC-like metallicity .
+1	By using techniques from the theory of differential inclusions , the underlying piece-wise functions can be locally or globally approximated .	In this paper we provide a rigorous mathematical foundation for continuous approximations of a class of systems with piece-wise continuous functions .	The approximation results can be used to model piece-wise continuous-time dynamical systems of integer or fractional-order .	In this way , by overcoming the lack of numerical methods for diffrential equations of fractional-order with discontinuous right-hand side , unattainable procedures for systems modeled by this kind of equations , such as chaos control , synchronization , anticontrol and many others , can be easily implemented .	Several examples are presented and three comparative applications are studied .
+0	It is recently claimed by Nekrasov and Shatashvili that the $ \mathcal { N } =2 $ gauge theories in the $ \Omega $ background with $ \epsilon_1=\hbar , \epsilon_2=0 $ are related to the quantization of certain algebraic integrable systems .	We study the special case of SU ( 2 ) pure gauge theory , the corresponding integrable model is the A $ _1 $ Toda model , which reduces to the sine-Gordon quantum mechanics problem .	The quantum effects can be expressed as the WKB series written analytically in terms of hypergeometric functions .	We obtain the magnetic and dyonic expansions of the Nekrasov theory by studying the property of hypergeometric functions in the magnetic and dyonic regions on the moduli space .	We also discuss the relation between the electric-magnetic duality of gauge theory and the action-action duality of the integrable system .
+2	In the perovskite devices , two very different time domains of the voltage decay are found , with a first drop on a short time scale that is similar to the organic solar cells .	Open circuit voltage decay measurements are performed on methylammonium lead iodide ( CH3NH3PbI3 ) perovskite solar cells to investigate the charge carrier recombination dynamics .	The measurements are compared to the two reference polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells based on P3HT : PC60BM and PTB7 : PC70BM blends .	However , two major differences are also observed .	65-70 % of the maximum photovoltage persists on much longer timescales , and the recombination dynamics are dependent on the illumination intensity .
+4	The detection of a compact background source only 0.25 kpc projected distance from M31 places a constraint on the extent of any extreme scattering region associated with center of M31 .	The VLBA was used at 1.6 GHz to observe a target field 50 arcminutes in diameter including the core of M31 .	Novel VLBI correlation techniques were used to observe 200 sources simultaneously , of which 16 were detected .	We classify all 16 as background AGN based on their X-ray properties and arcsecond- and mas-scale morphology .	The detected sources were then analyzed for evidence of scatter-broadening due to the ionized ISM of M31 .
+3	Furthermore , while expansion nonlinearities which are due to higher order terms in the Taylor expansion of the interaction potential are usually ignored at low temperatures and show up as the temperature increases , cut-off nonlinearities can become most significant at the lowest temperatures .	We present a computer simulation study of glassy and crystalline states using the standard Lennard-Jones interaction potential that is truncated at a finite cut-off distance , as is typical of many computer simulations .	We demonstrate that the discontinuity at the cut-off distance in the first derivative of the potential ( corresponding to the interparticle force ) leads to the appearance of cut-off nonlinearities .	These cut-off nonlinearities persist into the very-low-temperature regime thereby affecting low-temperature thermal vibrations , which leads to a breakdown of the harmonic approximation for many eigen modes , particularly for low-frequency vibrational modes .	Anharmonic effects readily show up in the elastic moduli which not only depend on the eigen frequencies , but are crucially sensitive to the eigen vectors of the normal modes .
+3	For precessing binaries , this frame is not generally aligned with either the orbital or total angular momentum , working to leading order in the spins .	One way to select a preferred frame from gravitational radiation is via the principal axes of & lt ; L L & gt ; , an average of the action of rotation group generators on the Weyl tensor at asymptotic infinity .	In this paper we evaluate this time-domain average for a quasicircular binary using approximate ( post-Newtonian ) waveforms .	For nonprecessing unequal-mass binaries , we show the dominant eigenvector of this tensor lies along the orbital angular momentum .	The difference between these two quantities grows with time , as the binary approaches the end of the inspiral and both precession and higher harmonics become more significant .
+1	The usefulness of the formula lies in the fact that it depends only on purely temporal quantities , which are easily calculated .	We derive an exact formula for the complex frequency in spatio-temporal stability analysis that is valid for arbitrary complex wave numbers .	We apply the formula to two model dispersion relations : the linearized complex Ginzburg -- Landau equation , and a model of wake instability .	In the first case , a quadratic truncation of the exact formula applies ; in the second , the same quadratic truncation yields an estimate of the parameter values at which the transition to absolute instability occurs ; the error in the estimate decreases upon increasing the order of the truncation .	We outline ways in which the formula can be used to characterize stability results obtained from purely numerical calculations , and point to a further application in global stability analyses .
+0	Graphene is a promising candidate for building fast and ultra-sensitive bolometric detectors due to its weak electron-phonon coupling and low heat capacity .	In order to realize a practical graphene-based bolometer , several important issues , including the nature of radiation response , coupling efficiency to the radiation and the thermal conductance need to be carefully studied .	Addressing these issues , we present graphene-superconductor junctions as a viable option to achieve efficient and sensitive bolometers , with the superconductor contacts serving as hot electron barriers .	For a graphene-superconductor device with highly transparent interfaces , the resistance readout in the presence of radio frequency radiation is dominated by non-linear response .	On the other hand , a graphene-superconductor tunnel device shows dominantly bolometric response to radiation .
+2	In the process , we test a conjecture regarding the superdimension of the singular locus of these supervarieties .	In this paper , we study the geometrical interpretations associated with Sethi 's proposed general correspondence between N = 2 Landau-Ginzburg orbifolds with integral \hat { c } and N = 2 nonlinear sigma models .	We focus on the supervarieties associated with \hat { c } = 3 Gepner models .	The supervarieties are defined by a hypersurface \widetilde { W } = 0 in a weighted superprojective space and have vanishing super-first Chern class .	Here , \widetilde { W } is the modified superpotential obtained by adding as necessary to the Gepner superpotential a boson mass term and/or fermion bilinears so that the superdimension of the supervariety is equal to \hat { c } .
+2	Spectral analysis of the data allows us to study the temperature and emission measure distribution , and the coronal metal abundance , for the quiescent phase and , in the case of ROSAT , also during the evolution of the flare .	We discuss ROSAT and ASCA observations of the young active star Gl355 } .	During the ROSAT observation a strong flare was detected with a peak flux more than an order of magnitude larger than the quiescent level .	The global coronal metallicity $ Z/Z_ { \odot } \sim 0.1 $ derived from both ROSAT and ASCA data is much lower than solar and presumably also much lower than the photospheric abundance expected for this very young star .	The temperature structure of the quiescent corona was about the same during the various observations , with a cooler component at $ T_1 \sim 7 $ MK and a hotter component ( to which only ASCA was sensitive ) at $ T_2 \sim 20 $ MK .
+4	Based on this , we construct a statistical timelike parameter , particularly with the help of maximum entropy method and Fisher-Rao information metric .	We study a classical reparametrization-invariant system , in which `` time '' is not a priori defined .	It consists of a nonrelativistic particle moving in five dimensions , two of which are compactified to form a torus .	There , assuming a suitable potential , the internal motion is ergodic or more strongly irregular .	We consider quasi-local observables which measure the system 's `` change '' in a coarse-grained way .
+2	As a result , the experimental conditions required for the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons are revealed .	The mechanisms of ripple formation on silicon surface by femtosecond laser pulses are investigated .	We demonstrate the transient evolution of the density of the excited free-carriers .	The periods of the resulting structures are then investigated as a function of laser parameters , such as the angle of incidence , laser fluence , and polarization .	The obtained dependencies provide a way of better control over the properties of the periodic structures induced by femtosecond laser on the surface of a semiconductor material .
+4	These results are applied to the study of the Cuntz semigroup .	The cone of lower semicontinuous traces is studied with a view to its use as an invariant .	Its properties include compactness , Hausdorffness , and continuity with respect to inductive limits .	A suitable notion of dual cone is given .	The cone of lower semicontinuous 2-quasitraces on a ( non-exact ) C*-algebra is considered as well .
+4	This discovery supports the notion that protoplanetary disks start small and grow with time , although other explanations for the compact size can not be ruled out , including gravitational instability in its outer parts and tidal truncation from the close approach of a now distant stellar companion .	Theoretical arguments suggest that protoplanetary disks around young stars should start small and grow with the addition of high angular momentum material to reach the radii of several hundred AUs that characterize the disks around optically visible T Tauri stars .	Examples of much more compact disks , with radii much less than 100 AU , have been found around some very young stars , but in all cases tidal truncation from a near binary companion provides a ready explanation for the small disk size .	We report here an example of a compact , possibly isolated disk around the class 0 object IRAS16293-2422B , which is thought to be among the youngest protostars known .	This disk has a Gaussian half power radius of only $ \sim $ 8 AU , and a detailed , self-consistent , accretion disk model indicates an outer radius of only 26 AU .
+2	We benchmark our scheme with two protocols where each connected component is prepared in a node belonging to the component and subsequently distributed via quantum repeaters to the remaining connected nodes .	We propose a scheme to distribute graph states over quantum networks in the presence of noise in the channels and in the operations .	The protocol can be implemented efficiently for large graph sates of arbitrary ( complex ) topology .	We show that the fidelity of the generated graphs can be written as the partition function of a classical Ising-type Hamiltonian .	We give exact expressions of the fidelity of the linear cluster and results for its decay rate in random graphs with arbitrary ( uncorrelated ) degree distributions .
+3	The cavity photon pulse shape is obtained , with good agreement between experiment and simulation .	We realize a deterministic single-photon source from one and the same calcium ion interacting with a high-finesse optical cavity .	Photons are created in the cavity with efficiency ( 88 +- 17 ) % , a tenfold improvement over previous cavity-ion sources .	Results of the second-order correlation function are presented , demonstrating a high suppression of two-photon events limited only by background counts .	Moreover , theoretical analysis of the temporal evolution of the atomic populations provides relevant information about the dynamics of the process and opens the way to future investigations of a coherent atom-photon interface .
+4	To get a dispersive equation we substitute the time derivative by its symmetric discretization .	In this paper we are extending the well known integrability theorems obtained by multiple scale techniques to the case of linearizable difference equations .	As an example we apply the theory to the case of a differential-difference dispersive equation of the Burgers hierarchy which via a discrete Hopf-Cole transformation reduces to a linear differential difference equation .	In this case the equation satisfies the $ A_1 $ , $ A_2 $ and $ A_3 $ linearizability conditions .	We then consider its discretization .
+1	These symmetric models give rise to series of integrable systems .	A general way to construct chain models with certain Lie algebraic or quantum Lie algebraic symmetries is presented .	As an example the chain models with $ A_n $ symmetry and the related Temperley-Lieb algebraic structures and representations are discussed .	It is shown that corresponding to these $ A_n $ symmetric integrable chain models there are exactly solvable stationary discrete-time ( resp .	continuous-time ) Markov chains whose spectra of the transition matrices ( resp .
+3	First , for general dictionaries and coefficient matrices , algebraic conditions ensuring local identifiability are derived , which are then specialised to the case when the dictionary is a basis .	This article treats the problem of learning a dictionary providing sparse representations for a given signal class , via $ \ell_1 $ -minimisation .	The problem can also be seen as factorising a $ \ddim \times \nsig $ matrix $ Y= ( y_1 & gt ; ... y_\nsig ) , y_n\in \R^\ddim $ of training signals into a $ \ddim \times \natoms $ dictionary matrix $ \dico $ and a $ \natoms \times \nsig $ coefficient matrix $ \X= ( x_1 ... x_\nsig ) , x_n \in \R^\natoms $ , which is sparse .	The exact question studied here is when a dictionary coefficient pair $ ( \dico , \X ) $ can be recovered as local minimum of a ( nonconvex ) $ \ell_1 $ -criterion with input $ Y=\dico \X $ .	Finally , assuming a random Bernoulli-Gaussian sparse model on the coefficient matrix , it is shown that sufficiently incoherent bases are locally identifiable with high probability .
+0	In this article , silica based triangular lattice PCF has been investigated towards both narrowband and broadband dispersion compensation for application in the communication wavelength .	A dual core structure is obtained by introducing two different air-hole diameters in the cladding of the PCF .	Dependence of individual structural parameters towards high negative dispersion ( both narrowband and broadband ) has been investigated in details with multipole mode based solver .	The numerical investigation exhibits narrowband of very large negative dispersion of -37,300 ps/nm/km around the wavelength of 1550 nm .	Present investigation also reports broadband dispersion values varying from -800 ps/nm/km to -2600 ps/nm/km over a 200 nm wavelength ( 1400 nm to 1600 nm ) range , and kappa values near 300 nm , which matches well with standard single mode fiber .
+0	As first discovered by Choptuik , the black hole threshold in the space of initial data for general relativity shows both surprising structure and surprising simplicity .	Universality , power-law scaling of the black hole mass , and scale echoing have given rise to the term `` critical phenomena '' .	They are explained by the existence of exact solutions which are attractors within the black hole threshold , that is , attractors of codimension one in phase space , and which are typically self-similar .	This review gives an introduction to the phenomena , tries to summarize the essential features of what is happening , and then presents extensions and applications of this basic scenario .	Critical phenomena are of interest particularly for creating surprising structure from simple equations , and for the light they throw on cosmic censorship .
+2	Thus , the coupled processes of orbital evolution and RLO likely shape the observed distribution of close-in exoplanets and may even be responsible for producing some of the short-period rocky planets .	Many gaseous exoplanets in short-period orbits are on the verge or are in the process of Roche-lobe overflow ( RLO ) .	Moreover , orbital stability analysis shows tides can drive many hot Jupiters to spiral inevitably toward their host stars .	However , the exact outcome for an overflowing planet depends on its internal response to mass loss , and the accompanying orbital evolution can act to enhance or inhibit RLO .	In this study , we apply the fully-featured and robust Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics ( MESA ) suite to model RLO of short-period gaseous planets .
+3	Here we present a model that is able to explain a number of the above mentioned properties in terms of magnetic flares shining above a standard accretion disc and producing the X-ray spectrum via inverse Compton scattering soft photons ( both intrinsic and reprocessed thermal emission from the accretion disc and locally produced synchrotron radiation ) .	X-ray observations of Seyfert 1 galaxies offer the unique possibility of observing spectral variability on timescales comparable to the dynamical time of the inner accretion flow .	They typically show highly variable lightcurves , with Power Density Spectra characterized by `red noise ' and a break at low frequencies .	Time resolved spectral analysis have established that spectral variability on the shortest timescales is important in all these sources , with the spectra getting softer at high fluxes .	We show that the fundamental heating event , likely caused by magnetic reconnection , must be compact , with typical size comparable to the accretion disc thickness and must be triggered at a height at least an order of magnitude larger than its size ; the spatial and temporal distribution of flares are not random : the heating of the corona proceeds in correlated trains of events in an avalanche fashion .
+1	In particular this concerns the construction of an exact evolution equation for the fluid pressure which replaces the Poisson equation and yields an algorithm which is a Poisson solver , i.e. , it permits to time-advance exactly the same fluid pressure \textit { without solving the Poisson equation } % .	An important aspect of computational fluid dynamics is related to the determination of the fluid pressure in isothermal incompressible fluids .	In fact , the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations represent a mixture of hyperbolic and elliptic pde 's , which are extremely hard to study both analytically and numerically .	In this paper we intend to show that an exact solution to this problem can be achieved adopting the approach based on inverse kinetic theory ( IKT ) recently developed for incompressible fluids by Ellero and Tessarotto ( 2004-2007 ) .	In particular we intend to prove that the evolution of the fluid fields can be achieved by means of a suitable dynamical system , to be identified with the so-called Navier-Stokes ( N-S ) dynamical system .
+1	Let $ h ( t ) $ and $ |t| $ stand respectively for the height and the length of a trace $ t $ .	The { \em height } of a trace is the height of the corresponding heap of pieces in Viennot 's representation , or equivalently the number of factors in its Cartier-Foata decomposition .	Roughly speaking , $ |t| $ is the `sequential ' execution time and $ h ( t ) $ is the `parallel ' execution time .	We prove that the bivariate commutative series $ \sum_t x^ { h ( t ) } y^ { |t| } $ is rational , and we give a finite representation of it .	We use the rationality to obtain precise information on the asymptotics of the number of traces of a given height or length .
+4	Partial rank correlation analysis shows that the correlation can not explained by obvious selection effects inherent to flux-limited samples .	In order to investigate the dependence of quasar optical-UV variability on fundamental physical parameters like black hole mass , we have matched quasars from the QUEST1 variability survey with broad-lined objects from the SDSS .	Black hole masses and bolometric luminosities are estimated from Sloan spectra , and variability amplitudes from the QUEST1 light curves .	Long-term variability amplitudes ( rest-frame time scales 0.5 -- 2 yrs ) are found to correlate with black hole mass at the 99 % significance level or better .	This means that quasars with larger black hole masses have larger percentage flux variations .
+1	We present an involution that proves a refinement of this sign-balance property respecting the length of the longest increasing subsequence of the permutation .	The number of even 321-avoiding permutations of length n is equal to the number of odd ones if n is even , and exceeds it by the ( n-1 ) /2th Catalan number otherwise .	In addition , this yields a combinatorial proof of a recent analogous result of Adin and Roichman dealing with the last descent .	In particular , we answer the question how to obtain the sign of a 321-avoiding permutation from the pair of tableaux resulting from the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth algorithm .	The proof of the simple solution bases on a matching method given by Elizalde and Pak .
+3	We use these equivalences in turn to produce algebraic models for rational stable model categories .	We show that the homotopy theory of differential graded algebras coincides with the homotopy theory of HZ-algebra spectra .	Namely , we construct Quillen equivalences between the Quillen model categories of ( unbounded ) differential graded algebras and HZ-algebra spectra .	We also construct Quillen equivalences between the differential graded modules and module spectra over these algebras .	We show that bascially any rational stable model category is Quillen equivalent to modules over a differential graded Q-algebra ( with many objects ) .
+3	We find that the existence of a non-zero fraction of absolute trust ( i.e.entirely confident trust ) is a requirement for the viability of global trust propagation in large systems : The average pair-wise trust is marked by a discontinuous transition at a specific fraction of absolute trust , below which it vanishes .	Non-centralized recommendation-based decision making is a central feature of several social and technological processes , such as market dynamics , peer-to-peer file-sharing and the web of trust of digital certification .	We investigate the properties of trust propagation on networks , based on a simple metric of trust transitivity .	We investigate analytically the percolation properties of trust transitivity in random networks with arbitrary degree distribution , and compare with numerical realizations .	Furthermore , we perform an extensive analysis of the Pretty Good Privacy ( PGP ) web of trust , in view of the concepts introduced .
+0	In view of the recent interest in the pMSSM with light third generation squarks , we consider a hitherto neglected scenario where the lighter bottom squark ( $ \widetilde { b } _1 $ ) is the next lightest supersymmetric particle ( NLSP ) which co-annihilates with the lightest supersymmetric particle ( LSP ) , the dark matter ( DM ) candidate .	Since the co-annihilation cross section receives contributions from both electroweak and strong vertices , it is relatively large .	As a result relatively large NLSP-LSP mass difference ( 25 - 35 GeV ) is consistent with the PLANCK data .	This facilitates the LHC signatures of this scenario .	We consider several variants of the sbottom NLSP scenario with and without light stops and delineate the parameter space allowed by the PLANCK data .
+2	Many images are taken at high speed as atmospheric turbulent effects appear static on these short timescales .	Lucky Imaging is now an established observing procedure that delivers near diffraction-limited images in the visible on ground-based telescopes up to ~2.5 m in diameter .	Combined with low order adaptive optics it can deliver resolution several times better than that of the Hubble Space Telescope .	The sharpest images are selected , shifted and added to give a much higher resolution than is normally possible in ground-based long exposure time observations .	The method is relatively inefficient as a significant fraction of the frames are discarded because of their relatively poor quality .
+4	In this paper , we study this question in detail for the case of independent , non-identically distributed random variables , specifically , for random variables with a linearly moving mean .	The statistics of records in sequences of independent , identically distributed random variables is a classic subject of study .	One of the earliest results concerns the stochastic independence of record events .	Recently , records statistics beyond the case of i.i.d .	random variables have received much attention , but the question of independence of record events has not been addressed systematically .
+1	They bifurcate from the conduction state as a result of its loss of stability .	Motion in the atmosphere or mantle convection are two among phenomena of natural convection induced by internal heat sources .	In spite of their importance , due to the occurrence of variable coefficients in the nonlinear partial differential equations governing the evolution of the perturbations around the basic equilibrium , so far these phenomena were treated mostly numerically and experimentally .	No rigorous study is known .	In this paper we realize for the first time such a linear study for the eigenvalue problem associated with those equations for a convection problem with an uniform internal heat source in a horizontal fluid layer bounded by two rigid walls .
+1	In fact , the only possible synthesis of this species appears to be production on the surfaces of dust grains followed by desorption into the gas .	Aims : The gas-phase abundance of methanol in dark quiescent cores in the interstellar medium can not be explained by gas-phase chemistry .	Yet , evaporation is inefficient for heavy molecules such as methanol at the typical temperature of 10 K. It is necessary then to consider non-thermal mechanisms for desorption .	But , if such mechanisms are considered for the production of methanol , they must be considered for all surface species .	Methods : Our gas-grain network of reactions has been altered by the inclusion of a non-thermal desorption mechanism in which the exothermicity of surface addition reactions is utilized to break the bond between the product species and the surface .
+4	In the first order theory , and for initial conditions when the second order theory mimics the first order , one may be able to put a bound on the diffusion constant .	We study first and second order theories of relativistic diffusion coupled to hydrodynamics under the approximation , valid at mid-rapidity in the RHIC and LHC , that conserved number densities are much smaller than the entropy density .	We identify experimentally accessible quantities of interest , and show that the first and second order theories may lead to radically different evolutions of these quantities .	In the first order theory the memory of the initial state is almost completely washed out , whereas in the second order theory it is possible that freezeout occurs at a time when transient dynamics is still on , and the memory of the initial state remains .	There are observational consequences which we touch upon .
+1	We find that the CP-violating phase of the continuum theory , which occurs for sufficiently large non-degeneracy , is continuously connected to the Aoki phase found in the lattice theory with degenerate quarks .	In this talk we determine the phase diagram and pion spectrum for Wilson and twisted-mass fermions in the presence of non-degeneracy between the up and down quark and discretization errors .	Both for the Aoki and first-order scenarios , this results in a critical surface along which at least one of the pions is massless .	In the pion spectrum , we focus mainly on the untwisted case , where there is competition between the effects of non-degeneracy and discretization errors .	A more extensive analysis can be found in our recent paper [ 11 ] .
+2	The combination of chemical enrichment tracks with population synthesis models is used to explore the correlation between mass-to-light ratios and masses .	A simple model of chemical enrichment in cluster early-type galaxies is presented where the main parameters driving the formation of the stellar component are reduced to four : infall timescale ( tf ) , formation epoch ( zF ) , star formation efficiency ( Ceff ) and fraction of gas ejected in outflows ( Bout ) .	We find that only variations in Bout or Ceff can account for the colour-magnitude relation , so that the most luminous galaxies had low values of ejected gas and high efficiencies .	A significant slope mismatch is found between stellar and total M/L ratios , which can not be explained by an age spread and implies a non-linear correlation between total and stellar mass .	The sequences driven by star formation efficiency and outflows are shown to predict different trends at high redshift .
+3	We compute several parameters pertaining to the bubble wall profile , including the bubble wall width and $ \Delta\beta $ ( the variation of the ratio in Higgs vacuum expectation values across the wall ) .	We study cosmological phase transitions in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ( NMSSM ) in light of the Higgs discovery .	We use an effective field theory approach to calculate the finite temperature effective potential , focusing on regions with significant tree-level contributions to the Higgs mass , a viable neutralino dark matter candidate , 1-2 TeV stops , and with the remaining particle spectrum compatible with current LHC searches and results .	The phase transition structure in viable regions of parameter space exhibits a rich phenomenology , potentially giving rise to one- or two-step first-order phase transitions in the singlet and/or $ SU ( 2 ) $ directions .	These quantities can vary significantly across small regions of parameter space and can be promising for successful electroweak baryogenesis .
+4	We then characterize when a triple ( E_1 , E_2 , E_3 ) of elliptic curves admits an Artin-Schreier cover by a genus 3 curve , and we apply this result to the construction of maximal curves .	Let k=F_q be a finite field of characteristic 2 .	A genus 3 curve C/k has many involutions if the group of k-automorphisms admits a C_2\times C_2 subgroup H ( not containing the hyperelliptic involution if C is hyperelliptic ) .	Then C is an Artin-Schreier cover of the three elliptic curves obtained as the quotient of C by the nontrivial involutions of H , and the Jacobian of C is k-isogenous to the product of these three elliptic curves .	In this paper we exhibit explicit models for genus 3 curves with many involutions , and we compute explicit equations for the elliptic quotients .
+0	This study presents a method to discover an outbreak of an infectious disease in a region for which data are missing , but which is at work as a disease spreader .	Node discovery for the spread of an infectious disease is defined as discriminating between the nodes which are neighboring to a missing disease spreader node , and the rest , given a dataset on the number of cases .	The spread is described by stochastic differential equations .	A perturbation theory quantifies the impact of the missing spreader on the moments of the number of cases .	Statistical discriminators examine the mid-body or tail-ends of the probability density function , and search for the disturbance from the missing spreader .
+4	How is a system developed ?	Several technologies are emerging that provide new ways to capture , store , present and use knowledge .	This book is the first to provide a comprehensive introduction to five of the most important of these technologies : Knowledge Engineering , Knowledge Based Engineering , Knowledge Webs , Ontologies and Semantic Webs .	For each of these , answers are given to a number of key questions ( What is it ?	How does it operate ?
+3	We determine the survival probability function associated with the wall loss mechanism by a Monte Carlo method .	In a variety of neutron lifetime experiments , in addition to $ \beta- $ decay , neutrons can be lost by other mechanisms including wall losses .	Failure to account for these other loss mechanisms produces systematic measurement error and associated systematic uncertainties in neutron lifetime measurements .	In this work , we develop a physical model for neutron wall losses and construct a competing risks survival analysis model to account for losses due to the joint effect of $ \beta- $ decay losses , wall losses of marginally trapped neutrons , and an additional absorption mechanism .	Based on a fit of the competing risks model to a subset of the NIST experimental data , we determine the mean lifetime of trapped neutrons to be approximately 700 s -- considerably less than the current best estimate of ( 880.1 $ \pm $ 1.1 ) s promulgated by the Particle Data Group [ 1 ] .
+1	We systematically classify short-range bosonic RVB states into symmetric or nematic spin liquids by examining their flux patterns .	Resonating valence bond ( RVB ) states are of crucial importance in our intuitive understanding of quantum spin liquids in 2D .	We further map short-range bosonic RVB states into projected BCS wave functions , on which we perform large-scale Monte Carlo simulations without the minus sign problem .	Our results clearly show that both spin and dimer correlations decay exponentially in all the short-range frustrated ( non-bipartite or $ Z_2 $ ) bosonic RVB states we studied , indicating that they are gapped $ Z_2 $ quantum spin liquids .	Generically , we conjecture that all short-range frustrated bosonic RVB states in 2D have only short-range correlations .
+3	The reflectors we construct are ( parts of ) the boundaries of convex sets .	We consider the following geometric optics problem : Construct a system of two reflectors which transforms a spherical wavefront generated by a point source into a beam of parallel rays .	This beam has a prescribed intensity distribution .	We give a rigorous analysis of this problem .	We prove existence of solutions for a large class of input data and give a uniqueness result .
+1	We performed a comparative study of both constant volume and constant pressure cooling of the polymer melt .	We present Molecular Dynamics simulations of the thermal glass transition in a dense model polymer liquid .	Great emphasis was laid on a careful equilibration of the dense polymer melt at all studied temperatures .	Our model introduces competing length scales in the interaction to prevent any cristallisation tendency .	In this first manuscript we we analyse the structural properties as a function of temperature and the long alpha-relaxation behaviour as observed in the dynamic structure factor and the self-diffusion of the polymer chains .
+4	The reconstructed jet momentum and yields have been corrected for detector effects and underlying-event background .	Measurements of charged jet production as a function of centrality are presented for p-Pb collisions recorded at $ \sqrt { s_ { \rm NN } } = 5.02 $ TeV with the ALICE detector .	Centrality classes are determined via the energy deposit in neutron calorimeters at zero degree , close to the beam direction , to minimise dynamical biases of the selection .	The corresponding number of participants or binary nucleon-nucleon collisions is determined based on the particle production in the Pb-going rapidity region .	Jets have been reconstructed in the central rapidity region from charged particles with the anti- $ k_ { \rm T } $ algorithm for resolution parameters $ R = 0.2 $ and $ R = 0.4 $ in the transverse momentum range 20 to 120 GeV/ $ c $ .
+2	We analyzed grid pattern protocols where simultaneous transmitters are positioned in a regular grid pattern , pure ALOHA protocols where simultaneous transmitters are dispatched according to a uniform Poisson distribution and exclusion protocols where simultaneous transmitters are dispatched according to an exclusion rule such as node coloring and carrier sense protocols .	In this work , we evaluate local capacity of wireless ad hoc networks with several medium access protocols and identify the most optimal protocol .	We define local capacity as the average information rate received by a receiver randomly located in the network .	Our analysis allows us to conjecture that local capacity is optimal when simultaneous transmitters are positioned in a grid pattern based on equilateral triangles and our results show that this optimal local capacity is at most double the local capacity of simple ALOHA protocol .	Our results also show that node coloring and carrier sense protocols approach the optimal local capacity by an almost negligible difference .
+4	In addition , the trick of setting the mixer at a sweet point -- off the quadrature condition -- where the sensitivity to AM nulls , works only with microwave mixers .	We analyze the phase-noise measurement methods in which correlation and averaging is used to reject the background noise of the instrument .	All the known methods make use of a mixer , used either as a saturated phase detector or as a linear synchronous detector .	Unfortunately , AM noise is taken in through the power-to-dc-offset conversion mechanism that results from the mixer asymmetry .	The measurement of some mixers indicates that the unwanted amplitude-to-voltage gain is of the order of 5-50 mV , which is 12-35 dB lower than the phase-to-voltage gain of the mixer .
+2	We discuss how the adiabatic passage is realized as the solution of the equation .	We study the assisted adiabatic passage , and equivalently the transitionless quantum driving , as a quantum brachistochrone trajectory .	The optimal Hamiltonian for given constraints is constructed from the quantum brachistochrone equation .	The formulation of the quantum brachistochrone is based on the principle of least action .	We utilize it to discuss the stability of the adiabatic passage .
+2	The numerical method presented here involves using an iterative scheme for solving a two-point boundary value problem for the Hamiltonian system .	We present a numerical method for computing optimal transition pathways and transition rates in systems of stochastic differential equations ( SDEs ) .	In particular , we compute the most probable transition path of stochastic equations by minimizing the effective action in a corresponding deterministic Hamiltonian system .	We validate our method by applying it to both continuous stochastic systems , such as nonlinear oscillators governed by the Duffing equation , and finite discrete systems , such as epidemic problems , which are governed by a set of master equations .	Furthermore , we demonstrate that this method is capable of dealing with stochastic systems of delay differential equations .
+1	Often heavier particles decay into the lightest dark matter particle as the Universe evolves .	Many models of dark matter contain more than one new particle beyond those in the Standard Model .	Here we explore the possibilities that arise if one of the products in a ( Heavy Particle ) $ \rightarrow $ ( Dark Matter ) decay is a positron , and the lifetime is shorter than the age of the Universe .	The positrons cool down by scattering off the cosmic microwave background and eventually annihilate when they fall into Galactic potential wells .	The resulting 511 keV flux not only places constraints on this class of models but might even be consistent with that observed by the INTEGRAL satellite .
+0	Evidence for mixing in the neutral D meson system has recently been reported .	Assuming negligible CP violation , non-vanishing width and mass differences between the two neutral D mass eigenstates has been found .	Theoretical predictions of these are rather difficult , obscuring detection of New Physics contributions .	However , the observation of CP violation in the D system would be a good signal of New Physics .	We briefly describe the formalism that describes the neutral D decay and mixing , and present a method to determine all the mixing parameters accurately allowing for arbitrary CP violation .
+3	Such a double- or triple-wave pattern outside eclipse has never been observed even though overall patterns look like some supersoft X-ray sources or eclipsing polars .	We have modeled the unusual orbital light curve of V1494 Aquilae ( Nova Aquilae 1999 No.2 ) and found that such an unusual orbital light curve can be reproduced when there exist two-armed , spiral shocks on the accretion disk .	V1494 Aql is a fast classical nova and found to be an eclipsing system with the orbital period of 0.1346138 days in the late phase of the nova outburst .	Its orbital light curve shows a small bump at orbital phase 0.2 , a small dip at 0.3 , sometimes a small bump at 0.4 , and a large bump at 0.6-0.7 outside eclipse .	We have calculated orbital light curves including the irradiation effects of the accretion disk and the companion by the hot white dwarf .
+1	The orbits of the inspiraling COs are highly complicated ; they can remain rather eccentric up until the final plunge , and display extreme versions of relativistic perihelion precession and Lense-Thirring precession of the orbital plane .	Captures of stellar-mass compact objects ( COs ) by massive ( $ \sim 10^6 M_\odot $ ) black holes ( MBHs ) are potentially an important source for LISA , the proposed space-based gravitational-wave ( GW ) detector .	The strongest capture signals will be ~10 times weaker than LISA 's instrumental noise , but in principle ( with sufficient computing power ) they can be disentangled from the noise by matched filtering .	The associated template waveforms are not yet in hand , but theorists will very likely be able to provide them before LISA launches .	Here we introduce a family of approximate ( post-Newtonian ) capture waveforms , given in ( nearly ) analytic form , for use in advancing LISA studies until more accurate versions are available .
+4	The stochastic error is controlled by determinant factorizations based on mass interpolation and Schur decomposition .	One flavor mass reweighting can be used in lattice QCD computations to fine tune the quark masses to their physical values .	We present a new method that utilizes an unbiased stochastic estimation of the one flavor determinant .	The stochastic estimation is based on the integral representation of the determinant of a complex matrix , which we prove .	In contrast to other methods it can also be applied in situations where the determinant has a complex phase .
+1	Predictive sparse coding algorithms recently have demonstrated impressive performance on a variety of supervised tasks , but their generalization properties have not been studied .	The goal of predictive sparse coding is to learn a representation of examples as sparse linear combinations of elements from a dictionary , such that a learned hypothesis linear in the new representation performs well on a predictive task .	We establish the first generalization error bounds for predictive sparse coding , covering two settings : 1 ) the overcomplete setting , where the number of features k exceeds the original dimensionality d ; and 2 ) the high or infinite-dimensional setting , where only dimension-free bounds are useful .	Both learning bounds intimately depend on stability properties of the learned sparse encoder , as measured on the training sample .	Consequently , we first present a fundamental stability result for the LASSO , a result characterizing the stability of the sparse codes with respect to perturbations to the dictionary .
+1	Previous investigations have found that the dispersion of this relation is rather high ( ~0.35-0.4 in log units ) , which may be caused by measurement uncertainties , variability , and intrinsic dispersion due to differences in the AGN physical properties ( e.g.different accretion modes ) .	The observed relation between the soft X-ray and the optical-ultraviolet emission in active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) is non-linear and it is usually parametrized as a dependence between the logarithm of the monochromatic luminosity at 2500 { \AA } and at 2 keV .	We show that , once optically-selected quasars with homogeneous SED and X-ray detection are selected , and dust reddened and/or gas obscured objects are not included , the measured dispersion drops to significantly lower values ( i.e.~0.21-0.24 dex ) .	We show that the residual dispersion is due to some extent to variability , and to remaining measurement uncertainties .	Therefore , the real physical intrinsic dispersion should be & lt ; 0.21 dex .
+0	We propose a two-stage procedure for estimating the location $ \bolds { \mu } $ and size M of the maximum of a smooth d-variate regression function f. In the first stage , a preliminary estimator of $ \bolds { \mu } $ obtained from a standard nonparametric smoothing method is used .	At the second stage , we `` zoom-in '' near the vicinity of the preliminary estimator and make further observations at some design points in that vicinity .	We fit an appropriate polynomial regression model to estimate the location and size of the maximum .	We establish that , under suitable smoothness conditions and appropriate choice of the zooming , the second stage estimators have better convergence rates than the corresponding first stage estimators of $ \bolds { \mu } $ and M. More specifically , for $ \alpha $ -smooth regression functions , the optimal nonparametric rates $ n^ { - ( \alpha-1 ) / ( 2\alpha+d ) } $ and $ n^ { -\alpha/ ( 2\alpha+d ) } $ at the first stage can be improved to $ n^ { - ( \alpha-1 ) / ( 2\alpha ) } $ and $ n^ { -1/2 } $ , respectively , for $ \alpha & gt ; 1+\sqrt { 1+d/2 } $ .	These rates are optimal in the class of all possible sequential estimators .
+0	Although the set of permutation symmetries of a complex network can be very large , few of the symmetries give rise to stable synchronous patterns .	Here we present a new framework and develop techniques for controlling synchronization patterns in complex network of coupled chaotic oscillators .	Specifically , according to the network permutation symmetry , we design a small-size and weighted network , namely the control network , and use it to control the large-size complex network by means of pinning coupling .	We argue mathematically that for \emph { any } of the network symmetries , there always exists a critical pinning strength beyond which the unstable synchronous pattern associated to this symmetry can be stabilized .	The feasibility of the control method is verified by numerical simulations of both artificial and real-work networks , and is demonstrated by experiment of coupled chaotic circuits .
+0	Chemical compositions are derived from high-resolution spectra for three stars classed as SRd variables in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars .	These stars are shown to be metal-poor supergiants : WY And with [ Fe/H ] = -1.0 , VW Eri with [ Fe/H ] = -1.8 , and UW Lib with [ Fe/H ] = -1.2 .	Their compositions are identical to within the measurement errors with the compositions of subdwarfs , subgiants , and less evolved giants of the same FeH .	The stars are at the tip of the first giant branch or in the early stages of evolution along the asymptotic giant branch ( AGB ) .	There is no convincing evidence that these SRd variables are experiencing thermal pulsing and the third dredge-up on the AGB .
+1	Yet , in our opinion it gets far less research focus than it rightly deserves .	The ability to solve problems effectively is one of the hallmarks of human cognition .	In this paper we outline a framework in which this effectivity can be studied ; we identify the possible roots and scope of this effectivity and the cognitive processes directly involved .	More particularly , we have observed that people can use cognitive mechanisms to drive problem solving by the same manner on which an optimal problem solving strategy suggested by Solomonoff ( 1986 ) is based .	Furthermore , we provide evidence for cognitive substrate hypothesis ( Cassimatis , 2006 ) which states that human level AI in all domains can be achieved by a relatively small set of cognitive mechanisms .
+3	This cluster hosts the second most powerful double radio relic system ever discovered .	Diffuse radio emission in the form of radio halos and relics has been found in a number of merging galaxy clusters .	These structures indicate that shock and turbulence associated with the merger accelerate electrons to relativistic energies .	We report the discovery of a radio relic + radio halo system in PSZ1 G108.18-11.53 ( z=0.335 ) .	We observed PSZ1 G108.18-11.53 with the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope ( GMRT ) and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope ( WSRT ) .
+3	We offer a possible interpretation of these energy levels as the quantum levels of the dynamical QCD string .	Using the chirally invariant overlap Dirac operator we remove its lowest-lying quasizero modes from the valence quark propagators and study evolution of isovector mesons with J=1 .	At the truncation level about 50 MeV SU ( 2 ) _L \times SU ( 2 ) _R and U ( 1 ) _A symmetries get restored .	However , we observe a degeneracy not only within the chiral and U ( 1 ) _A multiplets , but also a degeneracy of all possible chiral multiplets , i.e. , the observed quantum levels have a symmetry larger than U ( 2 ) _L \times U ( 2 ) _R and their energy does not depend on the spin orientation of quarks and their parities .	The structure of the radial J=1 spectrum is compatible with E = ( n_r +1 ) \hbar\omega with \hbar\omega = 900 \pm 70 MeV .
+2	Then we do explicit calculations for three interesting examples .	In this paper we study the difference between algebraic and geometric solutions of the hyperbolic Dehn filling equations for ideally triangulated 3-manifolds .	We show that any geometric solution is an algebraic one , and we prove the uniqueness of the geometric solutions .	With the first two examples we see that not all algebraic solutions are geometric and that the algebraic solutions are not unique .	The third example is a non-hyperbolic manifold that admits a positive , partially flat solution of the compatibility and completeness equations .
+2	We show that under rational ignorance the opinion state of a person can be described as a qubit state .	In the present article we use the quantum formalism to describe the process of choice under rational ignorance .	We consider as a basic task a question or an issue where the only answers are 0 and 1 .	We analyze the predictions that the quantum formalism give in the study of rational ignorance .	We find that answers to different uncorrelated questions are contextual , that is they are influenced by the previous questions , even if uncorrelated .
+3	The most interesting case occurs when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the Rashba field .	We investigate the transport properties of ballistic quantum wires in the presence of Zeeman spin splittings and a spatially inhomogeneous Rashba interaction .	The Zeeman interaction is extended along the wire and produces gaps in the energy spectrum which allow electron propagation only for spinors lying along a certain direction .	For spins in the opposite direction the waves are evanescent far away from the Rashba region , which plays the role of the scattering center .	Then , the spins of the asymptotic wavefunctions are not eigenfunctions of the Rashba Hamiltonian and the resulting coupling between spins in the Rashba region gives rise to sudden changes of the transmission probability when the Fermi energy is swept along the gap .
+1	Upon marginalizing over all the model parameters , a Kaluza-Klein scale of 2.1 TeV can be obtained at 2 sigma ( 95.4 CL ) without conflicting with electroweak precision measurements .	A warped extra-dimensional model , where the Standard Model Yukawa hierarchy is set by UV physics , is shown to have a sweet spot of parameters with improved experimental visibility and possibly naturalness .	Fitting all relevant parameters simultaneously can relax this bound to 1.7 TeV .	In this bulk version of the Rattazzi-Zaffaroni shining model , flavor violation is also highly suppressed , yielding a bound of 2.4 TeV .	Non-trivial flavor physics at the LHC in the form of flavor gauge bosons is predicted .
+1	Original spectropolarimetric method developed in the Pulkovo Observatory allows us to determine the magnitude and geometry of the magnetic field in the region of the optical and more hard electromagnetic radiation .	We present the review of various methods of detection of magnetic field strengths in the nearest regions of the active galaxy nuclei ( AGN ) which are the high energetic machines .	The results of theoretical calculations are compared to the results of spectropolarimetric observations of AGN .	We used the method of determining magnetic fields through the spectrum synchrotron radiation in the region of synchrotron self-absorption .	As the magnitude of magnetic field of the extragalactic source depends very strongly on the angular size of extragalactic source and therefore on the photometric distance the calculated magnetic field magnitudes depends very strongly on the definite cosmological model .
+0	Large scale motion of cytoplasm called cytoplasmic streaming occurs in some large eukaryotic cells to stir the cell 's constituents .	In Drosophila oocytes , microtubules have been observed to undergo undulating motion , curving to form travelling waves during cytoplasmic streaming .	Here we show that this wave-like motion can be understood physically as due to the hydrodynamic drag of streaming impellers attached to kinesin motors moving toward the plus-ends of microtubules whose minus ends are anchored to the cell cortex .	The tangential forces applied to such microtubules by kinesin give rise to bending and leads to chiral symmetry breaking causing the microtubules to propagate long travelling waves .	The waves are reminiscent of those seen in flagellar motion but of a much longer time scale and by a different physical mechanism .
+1	This conclusion strictly follows from Maxwell 's equations for electromagnetic field interacting with electric charges and currents in vacuum , without resort to any additional hypotheses .	The field of scalar and vector potentials in electrodynamics is shown to represent an informational field capable of superluminally transmitting a signal ( information ) with no energy and momentum transfer .	That superluminal communication is possible is seen from the fact that the own field , generated by particles and inseparable from them , transforms the environment into a special physical medium which is capable to instantaneously transfer a signal ( information ) about any changes , happening to a particle in the region of its basic localization , to arbitrarily large distances .	The phenomenon of superluminal communication is caused by the non-local connection of scalar and vector potentials with the electric and magnetic field strengths .	The basis for the mechanism of superluminal communication considered in this work is the Aharonov-Bohm effect indicative of the field of electromagnetic potentials as a real physical field , which directly influences the behaviour of electron waves .
+1	The effects of the neutron and proton skins and halos on the differential cross sections are explored .	I investigate the elastic electron scattering off nuclei far from the stability line .	Examples are given for the charge distribution in Sn isotopes and its relation to the neutron skin .	The neutron halo in $ ^ { 11 } $ Li and the proton halo in $ ^ { 8 } $ B are also investigated .	Particular interest is paid to the inverse scattering problem and its dependence on the experimental precision .
+4	If this rapidity ordering is removed the merging scale dependence is almost negligible .	We present an implementation of the so-called CKKW-L merging scheme for combining multi-jet tree-level matrix elements with parton showers .	The implementation uses the transverse-momentum-ordered shower with interleaved multiple interactions as implemented in PYTHIA8 .	We validate our procedure using e+e -- annihilation into jets and vector boson production in hadronic collisions , with special attention to details in the algorithm which are formally sub-leading in character , but may have visible effects in some observables .	We find substantial merging scale dependencies induced by the enforced rapidity ordering in the default PYTHIA8 shower .
+3	In YBCO , the negative R_H and S are signatures of a small electron pocket caused by Fermi-surface reconstruction , attributed to charge density-wave modulations observed in the same range of doping and temperature .	Charge density-wave order has been observed in cuprate superconductors whose crystal structure breaks the square symmetry of the CuO2 planes , such as orthorhombic YBa2Cu3Oy ( YBCO ) , but not so far in cuprates that preserve that symmetry , such as tetragonal HgBa2CuO4+d ( Hg1201 ) .	We have measured the Hall ( R_H ) , Seebeck ( S ) , and Nernst coefficients of underdoped Hg1201 in magnetic fields large enough to suppress superconductivity .	The high-field R_H ( T ) and S ( T ) are found to drop with decreasing temperature and become negative , as also observed in YBCO at comparable doping .	We deduce that a similar Fermi-surface reconstruction takes place in Hg1201 , evidence that density-wave order exists in this material .
+4	Thus narrow-band system can undergo transition from a metallic state to an insulating state with the increase of temperature .	In the previous papers ( Journ.of Phys.Stud .	2 , 362 ( 1998 ) ; cond-mat/9811213 ) we have studied metal-insulator transition in a generalized Hubbard model with correlated hopping at half-filling and zero temperature .	The present paper is devoted to a further study of metal-insulator transition in this model , in particular , an investigation of temperature-induced metal-to-insulator transition .	The dependence of energy gap on concentration of doubly occupancy leads to increasing energy gap width with increase of temperature .
+2	We will show that the variational character of the results can be restored by performing a reduced number of integrals .	The advantage of using a Discrete Variable Representation ( DVR ) is that the Hamiltonian of two interacting particles can be constructed in a very simple form .	However the DVR Hamiltonian is approximate and , as a consequence , the results can not be considered as variational ones .	In practice , for a variational description of the lowest n bound states only n ( n+1 ) /2 integrals are necessary whereas D ( D+1 ) /2 integrals are enough for the scattering states ( D is the dimension of the S matrix ) .	Applications of the method to the study of dimers of He , Ne and Ar , for both bound and scattering states , are presented .
+2	We find that using a common envelope parameterization employing energy balance with alpha=1 and lambda=1 , the supernova rates per unit mass ( born in stars ) of sub-Chandrasekhar mass SNe Ia exceed those of all other progenitor channels at epochs t=0.7 - 4 Gyr for a burst of star formation at t=0 .	Using the population synthesis binary evolution code StarTrack , we present theoretical rates and delay times of Type Ia supernovae arising from various formation channels .	These channels include binaries in which the exploding white dwarf reaches the Chandrasekhar mass limit ( DDS , SDS , and helium-rich donor scenario ) as well as the sub-Chandrasekhar mass scenario , in which a white dwarf accretes from a helium-rich companion and explodes as a SN Ia before reaching the Chandrasekhar mass limit .	Additionally , the delay time distribution of the sub-Chandrasekhar model can be divided in to two distinct evolutionary channels : the `prompt ' helium-star channel with delay times & lt ; 500 Myr , and the `delayed ' double white dwarf channel with delay times & gt ; 800 Myr spanning up to a Hubble time .	These findings are in agreement with recent observationally-derived delay time distributions which predict that a large number of SNe Ia have delay times & lt ; 1 Gyr , with a significant fraction having delay times & lt ; 500 Myr .
+3	This model is flexible in the sense of allowing the slope random effects to change with the time .	The functional linear model is a popular tool to investigate the relationship between a scalar/functional response variable and a scalar/functional covariate .	We generalize this model to a functional linear mixed-effects model when repeated measurements are available on multiple subjects .	Each subject has an individual intercept and slope function , while shares common population intercept and slope function .	We propose a penalized spline smoothing method to estimate the population and random slope functions .
+2	Rules follow for applying frame-variant and proper forces in context of one frame .	We take J. S. Bell 's commendation of `` frame-dependent '' perspectives to the limit here , and consider motion on a `` map '' of landmarks and clocks fixed with respect to a single arbitrary inertial-reference frame .	The metric equation connects a traveler-time with map-times , yielding simple integrals of constant proper-acceleration over space ( energy ) , traveler-time ( felt impulse ) , map-time ( momentum ) , and time on the clocks of a chase-plane determined to see Galileo 's original equations apply at high speed .	Their usefulness in curved spacetimes via the equivalence principle is maximized by using synchrony-free and/or frame-invariant forms for length , time , velocity , and acceleration .	In context of any single system of locally inertial frames , the metric equation thus lets us express electric and magnetic effects with a single frame-invariant but velocity-dependent force , and to contrast such forces with gravity as well .
+0	We present a new measurement of the energy dependence of nuclear transparency from AGS experiment E850 , performed using the EVA solenoidal spectrometer , upgraded since 1995 .	Using a secondary beam from the AGS accelerator , we simultaneously measured $ pp $ elastic scattering from hydrogen and $ ( p,2p ) $ quasi-elastic scattering in carbon at incoming momenta of 5.9 , 8.0 , 9.0 , 11.7 and 14.4 GeV/c .	This incident momentum range corresponds to a $ Q^ { 2 } $ region between 4.8 and 12.7 ( GeV/c ) $ ^ { 2 } $ .	The detector allowed us to do a complete kinematic analysis for the center-of-mass polar angles in the range $ 85^ { \circ } -90^ { \circ } $ .	We report on the measured variation of the nuclear transparency with energy and compare the new results with previous measurements .
+3	We demonstrate that Hall is an important non-ideal MHD effect in the solar photosphere and show that Hall effect can significantly affect the excitation and propagation of the waves in the medium .	The solar photosphere is a partially ionized medium with collisions between electrons , various metallic ions and neutral hydrogen playing an important role in the momentum and energy transport in the medium .	Furthermore , the number of neutral hydrogen atom could be as large as $ 10^ { 4 } $ times the number of plasma particles in the lower photosphere .	The non-ideal MHD effects , namely Ohm , Ambipolar and Hall diffusion can play an important role in the photosphere .	We also demonstrate that the non-ideal Hall dominated inhomogeneous medium can become parametrically unstable , and it could have important ramification for the photosphere and chromosphere of the sun .
+3	Considering that the ordinary as well as generalised Mittag-Leffler function behave between a purely exponential function and a power function it is natural to implement it in the definition of the model used to fit the data representing the Phillips curve .	In this paper , a mathematical model containing two-parameter Mittag-Leffler function in its definition is proposed to be used for the first time to fit the relation between unemployment rate and inflation rate , also known as the Phillips curve .	The Phillips curve is in the literature often represented by an exponential-like shape .	On the other hand , Phillips in his fundamental paper used a power function in the model definition .	The data of two strong European economies , France and Germany , are used for the modelling purposes .
+3	We show that it is perfectly possible to get rid of the identity of objects by definition , but the formal identity of objects remains as an essential element of the theory .	There exists a dispute in philosophy , going back at least to Leibniz , whether is it possible to view the world as a network of relations and relations between relations with the role of objects , between which these relations hold , entirely eliminated .	Category theory seems to be the correct mathematical theory for clarifying conceptual possibilities in this respect .	In this theory , objects acquire their identity either by definition , when in defining category we postulate the existence of objects , or formally by the existence of identity morphisms .	This can be achieved by defining category exclusively in terms of morphisms and identity morphisms ( objectless , or object free , category ) and , analogously , by defining category theory entirely in terms of functors and identity functors ( categoryless , or category free , category theory ) .
+0	It is shown that the synchronization behavior of a system of chaotic maps subject to either an external forcing or a coupling function of their internal variables can be inferred from the behavior of a single element in the system , which can be seen as a single drive-response map .	From the conditions for stable synchronization in this single driven-map model with minimal ingredients , we find minimal conditions for the emergence of complete and generalized chaos synchronization in both driven and autonomous associated systems .	Our results show that the presence of a common drive or a coupling function for all times is not indispensable for reaching synchronization in a system of chaotic oscillators , nor is the simultaneous sharing of a field , either external or endogenous , by all the elements .	In the case of an autonomous system , the coupling function does not need to depend on all the internal variables for achieving synchronization and its functional form is not crucial for generalized synchronization .	What becomes essential for reaching synchronization in an extended system is the sharing of some minimal information by its elements , on the average , over long times , independently of the nature ( external or internal ) of its source .
+2	In the broken phase , the Hartree-Fock vacuum sustains a nonzero electric field .	The phase diagram of the Schwinger model on the lattice with one and two degenerate flavours of Wilson fermions is investigated in the Hartree-Fock approximation .	In case of a single flavour ( not directly amenable to numerical simulation ) , the calculation indicates the existence of the parity violating phase at both weak and intermediate-to-strong couplings .	With two flavours , parity is not broken at weak coupling .	However , both parity and flavour become spontaneously broken at the Hartree-Fock level as the coupling becomes strong .
+3	We couple the diffusion of particles in the bulk phase with the surface kinetics and derive an effective , integro-differential boundary condition that contains a memory kernel describing the delay induced by the surface reactions .	We derive the equations that describe adsorption of diffusing particles onto a surface followed by additional surface kinetic steps before being transported across the interface .	Multistage surface kinetics occurs during membrane protein insertion , cell signaling , and the infection of cells by virus particles .	For example , after nonspecific binding , additional kinetic steps , such as binding of receptors and coreceptors , must occur before virus particle fusion can occur .	This boundary condition takes the form of a singular perturbation problem in the limit where particle-surface interactions are short-ranged .
+3	However , the relationship between the Mott state and the superconductivity in Cs3C60 is still under debate .	Over the past 20 years , fullerides have been studied as the source of high-transition-temperature ( Tc ) superconductivity except for copper oxides .	The recent finding of the Mott insulating state right beside superconductivity in Cs3C60 has suggested that magnetism helps raise Tc even in fullerides as in heavy-fermion compounds , high-Tc copper oxides , two-dimensional organic conductors , and iron pnictides .	Namely , one tends to think that the link between Mott insulator and superconductivity takes place in fullerides , which can give rise to the mechanism beyond the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer framework .	By nuclear magnetic resonance measurements under pressure , we find that the magnetism and superconductivity in Cs3C60 are competing orders .
+1	The significant idea is that $ Lorentz $ symmetry is conserved in module and unmodule coordinate .	In this paper , we consider a time dependent module field on spacetime extension without modifying commutative relation on noncommutative quantum plane .	We focus on the redefinition of spacetime structure without considering noncommutative bosonic gas in deforming the product between fields .	Which the null vector is a vector on orthogonal $ D $ dimensional $ Hilbert $ spacetime .	In $ Riemann $ geometry , the equation of motion is deformed from an induced rotation .
+2	Furthermore , rescattering constrains the I=0 amplitudes in the $ \pi\pi $ and $ KK $ channels .	The recently measured direct CP asymmetries in the processes $ D^0\to \pi^+\pi^- $ and $ D^0\to K^+K^- $ show a significant deviation from the naive Standard Model expectation .	Using a general parameterization of the decay amplitudes , we show that the measured branching ratios imply large SU ( 3 ) breaking and large violations of the naive $ 1/N_c $ counting .	Combining all this information , we show that , with present errors , the observed asymmetries are marginally compatible with the Standard Model .	Improving the experimental accuracy could lead to an indirect signal of new physics .
+4	Therefore , we may conclude that shock acceleration is dominant in low state , while stochastic turbulence acceleration is dominant in flare state .	We investigate the electron energy distributions ( EEDs ) and the acceleration processes in the jet of Mrk 421 through fitting the spectral energy distributions ( SEDs ) in different active states in the frame of a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton ( SSC ) model .	After assuming two possible EEDs formed in different acceleration models : the shock accelerated power-law with exponential cut-off ( PLC ) EED and the stochastic turbulence accelerated log-parabolic ( LP ) EED , we fit the observed SEDs of Mrk 421 in both low and giant flare states by using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo ( MCMC ) method which constrains the model parameters in a more efficient way .	Our calculating results indicate that ( 1 ) the PLC and LP models give comparably good fits for the SED in low state , but the variations of model parameters from low state to flaring can be reasonably explained only in the case of the PLC in low state ; and ( 2 ) the LP model gives better fits compared to the PLC model for the SED in flare state , and the intra-day/night variability observed at GeV-TeV bands can be accommodated only in the LP model .	The giant flare may be attributed to the stochastic turbulence re-acceleration of the shock accelerated electrons in low state .
+2	Moreover , outside this width , short and long wavelength modes no longer mix .	To identify what replaces the key notion of black hole horizon when working with theories which break Lorentz invariance at high energy , we study the modes responsible for the Hawking effect in the presence of high frequency dispersion .	We show that they are regularized across the horizon over a short length which only depends on the scale of dispersion and the surface gravity .	These results can be used to show that the spectrum is hardly modified by dispersion as long as the background geometry does not vary significantly over this length .	For relevant frequencies , the regularization differs from the usual WKB resolution of wave singularity near a turning point .
+2	Although a structure theorem is available for Schur rings over cyclic groups , it is still a difficult problem to count all the partitions .	Any Schur ring is uniquely determined by a partition of the elements of the group .	An open question in the study of Schur rings is determining which partitions of the group induce a Schur ring .	For example , Kovacs , Liskovets , and Poschel determine formulas to count the number of wreath-indecomposable Schur rings .	In this paper we solve the problem of counting the number of all Schur rings over cyclic groups of prime power order and draw some parallels with Higman 's PORC conjecture .
+4	Magnetic resonance force microscopy is used for readout .	A solid-state implementation of a quantum computer composed entirely of silicon is proposed .	Qubits are Si-29 nuclear spins arranged as chains in a Si-28 ( spin-0 ) matrix with Larmor frequencies separated by a large magnetic field gradient .	No impurity dopants or electrical contacts are needed .	Initialization is accomplished by optical pumping , algorithmic cooling , and pseudo-pure state techniques .
+2	This independent evaluation of SNe Ia light curves demonstrates a Malmquist Type II bias exists in the body of supernova data .	Supernovae Ia ( SNe Ia ) light curves have been used to prove the universe is expanding .	As standard candles , SNe Ia appear to indicate the rate of expansion has increased in the past and is now decreasing .	If this bias is properly addressed , there is very little budget for time dilation in the light curves of supernova .	A non-relativistic distance modulus is proposed , which is based on the predictable attenuation of light by an intergalactic CREIL ( Coherent Raman Effects on Incoherent Light ) radiation transfer functions .
+2	Important step in determining the primary composition at ultra-high energies is the study of air shower development .	The nature and origin of ultra-high energy ( UHE : reffering to & gt ; 10^19 eV ) cosmic rays are great mysteries in modern astrophysics .	The current theories for their explanation include the so-called `` top-down '' decay scenarios whose main signature is a large ratio of UHE gamma rays to protons .	UHE gamma ray induced showers are affected by the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal ( LPM ) effect and the geomagnetic cascading process .	In this work extensive simulations have been carried out to study the characteristics of air showers from UHE gamma rays .
+1	In the present paper we treat singular central characters .	In math.RT/0205144 we observed that , on the level of derived categories , representations of the Lie algebra of a semisimple algebraic group over a field of finite characteristic with a given ( generalized ) regular central character can be identified with coherent sheaves on the formal neighborhood of the corresponding ( generalized ) Springer fiber .	The basic step is the Beilinson-Bernstein localization of modules with a fixed ( generalized ) central character as sheaves on the partial flag variety corresponding to the singularity of the character .	These sheaves are modules over a sheaf of algebras which is a version of twisted crystalline differential operators , but is actually larger .	We discuss translation functors and intertwining functors .
+0	The Casimir force is calculated in the configuration of a spherical lens and a disc of finite radius covered by $ Cu $ and $ Au $ thin layers which was used in a recent experiment .	The correction to the Casimir force due to finiteness of the disc radius is shown to be negligible .	Also the corrections are discussed due to the finite conductivity , large-scale and short-scale deviations from the perfect shape of the bounding surfaces and the temperature correction .	They were found to be essential when confronting the theoretical results with experimental data .	Both Yukawa-type and power-law hypothetical forces are computed which may act in the configuration under consideration due to the exchange of light and/or massless elementary particles between the atoms of the lens and the disc .
+2	Our approach is flexible enough to allow easy modifications of intrinsic emissivity profiles .	We report on a new general relativistic computational model enhancing , in various respects , the capability of presently available tools for fitting spectra of X-ray sources .	The new model is intended for spectral analysis of black-hole accretion discs .	Axial symmetry is not assumed , although it can be imposed in order to reduce computational cost of data fitting .	The main current application of our code is within the XSPEC data-fitting package , however , its applicability goes beyond that : the code can be compiled in a stand-alone mode , capable of examining time-variable spectral features and doing polarimetry of sources in the strong-gravity regime .
+0	The Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph ( APLC ) is a diffraction suppression system installed in the recently deployed instruments Palomar/P1640 , Gemini/GPI , and VLT/SPHERE to allow direct imaging and spectroscopy of circumstellar environments .	Using a prolate apodization , the current implementations offer raw contrasts down to $ 10^ { -7 } $ at 0.2 arcsec from a star over a wide bandpass ( 20\ % ) , in the presence of central obstruction and struts , enabling the study of young or massive gaseous planets .	Observations of older or lighter companions at smaller separations would require improvements in terms of inner working angle ( IWA ) and contrast , but the methods originally used for these designs were not able to fully explore the parameter space .	We here propose a novel approach to improve the APLC performance .	Our method relies on the linear properties of the coronagraphic electric field with the apodization at any wavelength to develop numerical solutions producing coronagraphic star images with high-contrast region in broadband light .
+4	Time-resolved spectroscopy reveals the pseudospin dynamics to be a two-step relaxation process .	In monolayers of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides , the light helicity ( $ \sigma^+ $ or $ \sigma^- $ ) is locked to the valley degree of freedom , leading to the possibility of optical initialization of distinct valley populations .	However , an extremely rapid valley pseudospin relaxation ( at the time scale of picoseconds ) occurring for optically bright ( electric-dipole active ) excitons imposes some limitations on the development of opto-valleytronics .	Here we show that inter-valley scattering of excitons can be significantly suppressed in a $ \mathrm { WSe } _2 $ monolayer , a direct-gap two-dimensional semiconductor with the exciton ground state being optically dark .	We demonstrate that the already inefficient relaxation of the exciton pseudospin in such system can be suppressed even further by the application of a tiny magnetic field of $ \sim $ 100 mT .
+0	We consider nonanticommutative SYM theories with chiral matter in the adjoint representation of the SU ( N ) x U ( 1 ) gauge group .	In a superspace setup and manifest background covariant approach we investigate the one-loop renormalization of the theory when a cubic superpotential is present .	The structure of the divergent terms reveals that the theory simply obtained from the ordinary one by trading products for star products is not renormalizable .	Moreover , because of the different renormalization undergone by the abelian field compared to the non-abelian ones , the superpotential seems to be incompatible with the requests of renormalizability , gauge and N=1/2 invariance .	However , by a suitable modification of the quadratic action for the U ( 1 ) ( anti ) chiral superfields and the addition of extra couplings , we find an action which is one-loop renormalizable and manifestly N=1/2 supersymmetric and supergauge invariant .
+3	Here we present an up-to-date compilation of Milky Way rotation curve measurements , and compare it with state-of-the-art baryonic mass distribution models .	The ubiquitous presence of dark matter in the universe is today a central tenet in modern cosmology and astrophysics .	Ranging from the smallest galaxies to the observable universe , the evidence for dark matter is compelling in dwarfs , spiral galaxies , galaxy clusters as well as at cosmological scales .	However , it has been historically difficult to pin down the dark matter contribution to the total mass density in the Milky Way , particularly in the innermost regions of the Galaxy and in the solar neighbourhood .	We show that current data strongly disfavour baryons as the sole contribution to the galactic mass budget , even inside the solar circle .
+0	The capability of color encoding the continuous sequence of views from a scene was demonstrated previously by the author ( 1990 ) .	In the present work , the scheme for this process is shown where white light from a black and white object is diffracted at a diffraction grating and then photographed on colour film .	Two rays of different wavelengths reaching the plane of the color photographic film determine the stereo representation of an object point .	Since the wavelength may have any value within the continuous visible spectrum , this case constitutes a new situation of continuous stereo photography .	A natural process of decoding is represented where a diffusing white light source was added from the side of the developed photographic film .
+2	Closed-form delayed updates for the $ \ell_1 $ , $ \ell_ { \infty } $ , and rarely used $ \ell_2 $ regularizers have been described previously .	This paper presents an algorithm for efficient training of sparse linear models with elastic net regularization .	Extending previous work on delayed updates , the new algorithm applies stochastic gradient updates to non-zero features only , bringing weights current as needed with closed-form updates .	This paper provides closed-form updates for the popular squared norm $ \ell^2_2 $ and elastic net regularizers .	We provide dynamic programming algorithms that perform each delayed update in constant time .
+1	An important result is that the inner quasar structure of the first identified gravitational lens , Q0957+561 A , B seems not to show the kind of structure expected for a supermassive black hole , but instead show a clean-swept interior region as due to the action of a magnetic propeller , just as expected for a MECO ( Magnetic Eternally Collapsing Object ) structure .	Optical , Infrared , X-ray , and radio wavelength studies of quasars are beginning to define the luminous quasar structure from techniques of reverberation and microlensing .	Given the present state of the observations , the strongest model discriminant seems to be the existence of a thin luminous band around the inner edge of the accretion disc , at a distant radius ~ 70 R_g from the ~ 4 x 10^9 Mo central object .	Since the existence of a clean magnetic propeller swept inner region ~70 R_g surrounded by a sharp ~ 1 R_g disc edge are the low-hard state spectral properties associated with a highly redshifted central MECO object , we are led to the conclusion that these observations imply that the Q0957 quasar contains a central supermassive MECO instead of a black hole .	In this report we review the details of the observations which have compelled us to reach this conclusion .
+3	To obtain the general relativistic Dirac equation we use the formulation of gravity as a gauge theory in the first part .	This article reports on a student summer project performed in 2006 at the University of Frankfurt .	It is addressed to undergraduate students familiar with the basic principles of relativistic quantum mechanics and general relativity .	The aim of the project was to study the Dirac equation in curved space time .	After these general considerations we restrict the further discussion to the special case of the Schwarzschild metric .
+2	As a test case , we present the spectral analysis of the complete X-ray emitting plasma in the supernova remnant Puppis A observed with XMM-Newton and Chandra .	We introduce a distinct method to perform spatially-resolved spectral analysis of astronomical sources with highly structured X-ray emission .	The method measures the surface brightness of neighbouring pixels to adaptively size and shape each region , thus the spectra from the bright and faint filamentary structures evident in the broadband images can be extracted .	Given the angular size of Puppis A , many pointings with different observational configurations have to be combined , presenting a challenge to any method of spatially-resolved spectroscopy .	From the fit of a plane-parallel shocked plasma model we find that temperature , absorption column , ionization time scale , emission measure and elemental abundances of O , Ne , Mg , Si , S and Fe , are smoothly distributed in the remnant .
+1	Particular attention is paid to the study of the bispectrum in the regime of weak dissipation and how stochastic fluctuations affect the bispectrum .	The theory and methodology is developed to compute the bispectrum in warm inflation , leading to results for the non-linearity parameter and the shape of the bispectrum .	It is shown that , in contrast to the strong dissipative regime , the amplitude of non-Gaussianity is strongly dependent on the parameters governing the microscopic physics in the intermediate and weak dissipation warm inflation regimes .	The most important results concern the shape of the bispectrum , which has two different , but distinct , forms in the weak and strong dissipative regimes .	Comparison of shape functions could permit discrimination between the warm and cold paradigms of inflation from future precision data on primordial non-Gaussianity .
+3	Conversely , tip-rotations leading to enhanced contributions from $ m\ne 0 $ tip-apex electronic states can cause a triangular-hexagonal change in the primary contrast .	Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite ( HOPG ) is an important substrate in many technological applications and is routinely used as a standard in Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy ( STM ) calibration , which makes the accurate interpretation of the HOPG STM contrast of great fundamental and applicative importance .	We demonstrate by STM simulations based on electronic structure obtained from first principles that the relative local orientation of the STM-tip apex with respect to the HOPG substrate has a considerable effect on the HOPG STM contrast .	Importantly for experimental STM analysis of HOPG , the simulations indicate that local tip-rotations maintaining a major contribution of the $ d_ { 3z^2-r^2 } $ tip-apex state to the STM current affect only the secondary features of the HOPG STM contrast resulting in `` stripe '' formation and leaving the primary contrast unaltered .	We also report a comparison of two STM simulation models with experiments in terms of bias-voltage-dependent STM topography brightness correlations , and discuss our findings for the HOPG ( 0001 ) surface in combination with tungsten tip models of different sharpnesses and terminations .
+3	Moreover , by forming a closed inner edge channel loop , we freeze energy exchanges in the outer channel .	The chiral edge channels in the quantum Hall regime are considered ideal ballistic quantum channels , and have quantum information processing potentialities .	Here , we demonstrate experimentally , at filling factor 2 , the efficient tuning of the energy relaxation that limits quantum coherence and permits the return toward equilibrium .	Energy relaxation along an edge channel is controllably enhanced by increasing its transmission toward a floating ohmic contact , in quantitative agreement with predictions .	This result also elucidates the inelastic mechanisms at work at filling factor 2 , informing us in particular that those within the outer edge channel are negligible .
+2	After introducing the most general checkerboard Yang -- Baxter equation , we specialize to the star-triangle equation , also discussing its relation with knot theory .	In this paper we discuss the integrable chiral Potts model , as it clearly relates to how we got befriended with Vaughan Jones , whose birthday we celebrated at the Qinhuangdao meeting .	Remarkably we can also celebrate the birthday of the model , as it has been introduced about 30 years ago as the first solution of the star-triangle equations parametrized in terms of higher genus functions .	Then we show how the integrable chiral Potts model leads to special identities for basic hypergeometric series in the $ q $ a root-of-unity limit .	Many of the well-known summation formulae for basic hypergeometric series do not work in this case .
+0	Might stable energy species `` lighter '' than radiation , with $ w & gt ; 1/3 $ , exist ?	A dimensional expansion of the cosmological Friedmann Equation of energy has a clear place for them .	Such energies would affect the universe much differently than dark energies , and so are here dubbed `` ultralight . ''	As the universe expands , ultralight dilutes even faster than light .	Although any specie of energy can be mimicked by a properly evolving scalar field , ultralight energy species are hypothesized here to be stable and not related to dynamics of a scalar field .
+2	In this paper , we propose to use a cyber epidemic dynamics approach to characterize the power of MTD .	Moving Target Defense ( MTD ) can enhance the resilience of cyber systems against attacks .	Although there have been many MTD techniques , there is no systematic understanding and { \em quantitative } characterization of the power of MTD .	We define and investigate two complementary measures that are applicable when the defender aims to deploy MTD to achieve a certain security goal .	One measure emphasizes the maximum portion of time during which the system can afford to stay in an undesired configuration ( or posture ) , without considering the cost of deploying MTD .
+1	The metric is asymptotic to the ( anti- ) de Sitter spacetime .	We obtain the charged rotating black hole in conformal gravity .	The contribution to the metric from the charges has a slower falloff than that in the Kerr-Newman AdS black hole .	We analyse the global structure and obtain all the thermodynamical quantities including the mass , angular momentum , electric/magnetic charges and their thermodynamical conjugates .	We verify that the first law of thermodynamics holds .
+3	The square-wave response shows that the dynamic response to positive and negative voltages can be quite different .	We have studied how the hysteretic voltage-induced torsional strain , associated with charge-density-wave depinning , in orthorhombic tantalum trisulfide depends on square-wave and triangle-wave voltages of different frequencies and amplitudes .	The strains are measured by placing the sample , with a wire glued to the center as a transducer , in a radio frequency cavity and measuring the modulated response of the cavity .	From the triangle waves , we map out the time dependence of the hysteresis loops , and find that the hysteresis loops broaden for waves with periods less than 30 seconds .	The overall frequency dependence is relaxational , but with multiple relaxation times which typically decrease with increasing voltage .
+0	We use light-front dynamics to calculate the electromagnetic form-factor for the Hulthen model of the deuteron .	For small momentum transfer Q^2 & lt ; 5 GeV^2 the relativistic effects are quite small .	For Q^2 = 11 GeV^2 there is about a 13 % discrepancy between the relativistic and non-relativistic approaches .	For asymptotically large momentum transfer , however , the light-front form factor , log Q^2 /Q^4 , markedly differs from the non-relativistic version , 1/Q^4 .	This behavior is also present for any wave function , such as those obtained from realistic potential models , which can be represented as a sum of Yukawa functions .
+2	to the full subcategory of the derived category having Cohen-Macaulay complexes as objects ( a subcategory equivalent to the category of Cousin complexes , once a codimension function has been fixed ) .	We construct a canonical pseudofunctor ^ # on the category of finite-type maps of ( say ) connected noetherian universally catenary finite-dimensional separated schemes , taking values in the category of Cousin complexes .	This pseudofunctor is a concrete approximation to the restriction of the Grothendieck Duality pseudofunctor ^ !	Specifically , for Cousin complexes M and any scheme map f : X - & gt ; Y as above , there is a functorial derived-category map \gamma : f^ # M - & gt ; f^ !	M inducing a functorial isomorphism in the category of Cousin complexes f^ # M \iso E ( f^ !
+4	Our algorithm is load balanced , with computation , communication and latency complexity of O ( log n ) , and may be of independent interest to other applications with a load balancing goal in mind .	We describe an asynchronous algorithm to solve secure multiparty computation ( MPC ) over n players , when strictly less than a 1/8 fraction of the players are controlled by a static adversary .	For any function f over a field that can be computed by a circuit with m gates , our algorithm requires each player to send a number of field elements and perform an amount of computation that is O ( m/n + \sqrt { n } ) .	This significantly improves over traditional algorithms , which require each player to both send a number of messages and perform computation that is { \Omega } ( nm ) .	Additionally , we define the threshold counting problem and present a distributed algorithm to solve it in the asynchronous communication model .
+1	Let G be a Grassmannian bundle parametrizing maximal isotropic subbundles of V. The main goal of the paper is to give formulas for the classes of the loci in G parametrizing those subbundles which intersect successive members of of a fixed flag of isotropic subbundles of V in dimensions greater than 1,2,3 , ... .	Let V be a vector bundle on a scheme X endowed with a nondegenerate symplectic or orthogonal form .	The formulas which we give are quadratic expressions in Q-polynomials of the tautological bundle on G and flag S-polynomials of the members of the flag .	These formulas globalize to Lagrangian and orthogonal degeneracy loci .	They have especially nice form for the loci of points in X where two maximal isotropic subbundles intersect in dimension exceeding a given number .
+4	We also consider a possible evolutionary scenario between some of the known neutron star classes which could solve this potential birthrate problem .	In light of the recently discovered neutron star populations we discuss the various estimates for the birthrates of these populations .	We revisit the question as to whether the Galactic supernova rate can account for all of the known groups of isolated neutron stars .	After reviewing the rates and population estimates we find that , if the estimates are in fact accurate , the current birthrate and population estimates are not consistent with the Galactic supernova rate .	We discuss possible solutions to this problem including whether or not some of the birthrates are hugely over-estimated .
+3	These resonances occur when the potential is not quite strong enough to support a bound p-wave of zero energy .	We review the analytic results for the phase shifts delta_ { l } ( k ) in non-relativistic scattering from a spherical well .	The conditions for the existence of resonances are established in terms of time-delays .	Resonances are shown to exist for p-waves ( and higher angular momenta ) but not for s-waves .	We then examine relativistic scattering by spherical wells and barriers in the Dirac equation .
+2	The global zero modes of the Faddeev-Popov ghosts are handled in the context of an equivariant cohomology without breaking translational invariance .	We reinterpret the Faddeev-Popov gauge-fixing procedure of Yang-Mills theories as the definition of a topological quantum field theory for gauge group elements depending on a background connection .	This has the advantage of relating topological gauge-fixing ambiguities to the global breaking of a supersymmetry .	The gauge-fixing involves constant fields which play the role of moduli and modify the behavior of Green functions at subasymptotic scales .	At the one loop level physical implications from these power corrections are gauge invariant .
+0	We give conclusive answers to some questions about definability in analytic languages that arose shortly after the work by Denef and van den Dries , [ DD ] , on $ p $ -adic subanalytic sets , and we continue the study of non-archimedean fields with analytic structure of [ LR3 ] , [ CLR1 ] and [ CL1 ] .	We show that the language $ L_K $ consisting of the language of valued fields together with all strictly convergent power series over a complete , rank one valued field $ K $ can be expanded , in a definitial way , to a larger language corresponding to an analytic structure ( with separated power series ) from [ CL1 ] , hence inheriting all properties from loc .	cit. , including geometric properties for the definable sets like certain forms of quantifier elimination .	Our expansion comes from adding specific , existentially definable functions , which are solutions of certain henselian systems of equations .	Moreover , we show that , even when $ K $ is algebraically closed , one does not have quantifier elimination in $ L_K $ itself , and hence , passing to expansions is unavoidable in general .
+2	This was attributed to matter ejected from a massive stellar progenitor occurring shortly before the burst itself .	We report on an XMM-Newton observation of the X-ray afterglow of the Gamma Ray Burst GRB 011211 , originally detected by Beppo-SAX on 11th December 2001 .	The early afterglow spectrum obtained by XMM-Newton , observed 11 hours after the initial burst , appeared to reveal decaying H-like K emission lines of Mg , Si , S , Ar and Ca , arising in enriched material with an outflow velocity of order 0.1c ( Reeves et al.2002 ) .	Here , we present a detailed re-analysis of the XMM-Newton EPIC observations of GRB 011211 .	In particular , we show that the detection of the soft X-ray line emission appears robust , regardless of detector background , calibration , spectral binning , or the spectral model that is assumed .
+3	First , the observed disappearance of the SdHO oscillations simultaneously with the vanishing resistance at the zero resistance states region .	We report on a theoretical work on magnetotransport under terahertz radiation with high mobility two-dimensional electron systems .	We focus on the interaction between the obtained radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations ( RIRO ) and the Shubnikov-de Haas ( SdHO ) oscillations .	We study two effects experimentally obtained with this radiation .	And secondly the strong modulation of the SdHO oscillations at sufficient terahertz radiation power .
+4	The analysis of bond orders and correlation functions of these individual molecules allow us to visualise pyracylene as a naphthalene unit with two ethylenic moieties and fluoranthene as weakly bridged benzene and naphthalene units .	The $ C_ { 60 } $ molecule and its fragments are studied using Configuration Interaction ( CI ) and Variational Monte Carlo ( VMC ) techniques , within the Hubbard model .	Using benzene as a test case , we compare the results of the approximate calculations with exact calculations .	The fragments of $ C_ { 60 } $ studied are pyracylene , fluoranthene and corannulene .	The energies , bond orders , spin-spin and charge-correlation functions of these systems are obtained for various values of the Hubbard parameter , $ U $ .
+0	We study homeomorphisms of tiling spaces with finite local complexity ( FLC ) , of which suspensions of $ d $ -dimensional subshifts are an example , and orbit equivalence of tiling spaces with ( possibly ) infinite local complexity ( ILC ) .	In the FLC case , we construct a cohomological invariant of homeomorphisms , and show that all homeomorphisms are a combination of tiling deformations , translations , and local equivalences ( MLD ) .	In the ILC case , we construct a cohomological invariant in the so-called weak cohomology , and show that all orbit equivalences are combinations of tiling deformations , translations , and topological conjugacies .	These generalize results of Parry and Sullivan to higher dimensions .	When the tiling spaces are uniquely ergodic , we show that homeomorphisms ( FLC ) or orbit equivalences ( ILC ) are completely parametrized by the appropriate cohomological invariants .
+3	The shift of the critical curves as a function of the lens angular momentum is found , and it is shown that they decrease slightingly for the weakly naked and vastly for the strongly naked singularities with the increase of the scalar charge .	We model massive compact objects in galactic nuclei as stationary , axially-symmetric naked singularities in the Einstein-massless scalar field theory and study the resulting gravitational lensing .	In the weak deflection limit we study analytically the position of the two weak field images , the corresponding signed and absolute magnifications as well as the centroid up to post-Newtonian order .	We show that there are a static post-Newtonian corrections to the signed magnification and their sum as well as to the critical curves , which are function of the scalar charge .	The point-like caustics drift away from the optical axis and do not depend on the scalar charge .
+0	Purpose : To identify the most informative methods for reporting results of treatment planning comparisons .	Methods : Seven papers from the past year of International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics reported on comparisons of treatment plans for IMRT and IMAT .	The papers were reviewed to identify methods of comparisons .	Decision theoretical concepts were used to evaluate the study methods and highlight those that provide the most information .	Results : None of the studies examined the correlation between objectives .
+0	We study predictions for B-physics in a class of models , recently introduced , with a non-supersymmetric warped extra dimension .	In these models few ( $ \sim 3 $ ) TeV Kaluza-Klein masses are consistent with electroweak data due to bulk custodial symmetry .	Furthermore , there is an analog of GIM mechanism which is violated by the heavy top quark ( just as in SM ) leading to striking signals at $ B $ -factories : ( i ) New Physics ( NP ) contributions to $ \Delta F= 2 $ transitions are comparable to SM .	This implies that , within this NP framework , the success of SM unitarity triangle fit is a `` coincidence '' Thus , clean extractions of unitarity angles via e.g. $ B \to \pi \pi , \rho \pi , \rho \rho , DK $ are likely to be affected , in addition to O ( 1 ) deviation from SM prediction in $ B_s $ mixing .	( ii ) O ( 1 ) deviation from SM predictions for $ B \to X_s l^+ l^- $ in rate as well as in forward-backward and direct CP asymmetry .
+2	The patterns are to be designed using BPM ( Business Process Model ) for effective cross cutting on process level .	This paper brings out the design patterns according to the various services involved in internet banking .	The Pattern oriented Software Architecture uses the pattern which eliminates the difficulty of reusability in a particular context .	For implementing the above said BPM , the Internet banking has been taken to implement the pattern into it .	The Analysis and identification of various processes in Internet Banking have been done , to identify the effective cross cutting features .
+3	The non determinism of Quantum Physics follows without any supplementary hypothesis .	The problem of the determinism of Quantum Mechanics has been a main one during the 20th century .	At the same time , in the context of Logic and Set Theory , the importance of ancient paradoxes as well as the appearance of many new ones , has shed light on and deeply influenced the foundations of Mathematics and somehow of Physics .	But , strangely , concerning Physics , a paradox which we call the Memory Paradox has remained yet undiscovered , despite its simplicity and remarkable consequences , mostly in Physics and surprisingly in classical Physics that appear to be non deterministic , contrary to the general belief since Newton , Laplace , etc..	This paper extends a previous one ( arXiv : 1203.2945v1 [ physics.gen-ph ] 13 Mar 2012 ) .
+0	The field-reentrant ( field-reinforced ) superconductivity on ferromagnetic superconductors is one of the most interesting topics in unconventional superconductivity .	The enhancement of effective mass and the induced ferromagnetic fluctuations play key roles for reentrant superconductivity .	However , the associated change of the Fermi surface , which is often observed at ( pseudo- ) metamagnetic transition , can also be a key ingredient .	In order to study the Fermi surface instability , we performed Hall effect measurements in the ferromagnetic superconductor URhGe .	The Hall effect of URhGe is well explained by two contributions , namely by the normal Hall effect and by the large anomalous Hall effect due to skew scattering .
+3	The approach is based on information theory , here tailored for Gaussian mixture models ( GMMs ) , where an information-theoretic objective relationship between the sensed signals and a representation of the specific task of interest is maximized .	A framework for adaptive and non-adaptive statistical compressive sensing is developed , where a statistical model replaces the standard sparsity model of classical compressive sensing .	We propose within this framework optimal task-specific sensing protocols specifically and jointly designed for classification and reconstruction .	A two-step adaptive sensing paradigm is developed , where online sensing is applied to detect the signal class in the first step , followed by a reconstruction step adapted to the detected class and the observed samples .	Experimental results using synthetic signals , Landsat satellite attributes , and natural images of different sizes and with different noise levels show the improvements achieved using the proposed framework when compared to more standard sensing protocols .
+2	Hierarchies in the particle masses and mixing matrices then emerge from multiple strongly coupled sectors that break this symmetry .	We show how two principles - strong coupling and discrete symmetry - can work together to generate the flavour structure of the Standard Model .	We propose that in the UV the full theory has a discrete flavour symmetry , typically only associated with tribimaximal mixing in the neutrino sector .	This allows for a realistic flavour structure , even in models built around an underlying grand unified theory .	We use two different techniques to understand the strongly coupled physics : confinement in N=1 supersymmetry and the AdS/CFT correspondence .
+0	Aiming to distinguish two types of progenitors of core collapse supernovae , i.e. , one with a core composed mainly of oxygen and neon ( abbreviated as ONe core ) and the other with an iron core ( or Fe core ) , we calculated the luminosities and spectra of neutrinos emitted from these cores prior to gravitational collapse , taking neutrino oscillation into account .	We found that the total energies emitted as $ \bar { \nu } _e $ from the ONe core are $ \lesssim 10^ { 46 } \ { \rm erg } $ , which is much smaller than $ \sim 10^ { 47 } \ { \rm erg } $ for Fe cores .	The average energy , on the other hand , is twice as large for the ONe core as those for the Fe cores .	The neutrinos produced by the plasmon decays in the ONe core are more numerous than those from the electron-positron annihilation in both cores but they have much lower average energies $ \lesssim 1\ { \rm MeV } $ .	Although it is difficult to detect the pre-supernova neutrinos from the ONe core even if it is located within 200 $ \ $ pc from the earth , we expect $ \sim 9 - 43 $ and $ \sim 7 - 61 $ events for Fe cores at KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande , respectively , depending on the progenitor mass and neutrino-mass hierarchy .
+0	The average multiplicity of light nuclei and pi-mesons , emitted in HeC and CC interactions at 4.2 A GeV/c were studied as a function of number of identified protons .	In both interactions , the behavior of average multiplicity of pi- mesons are in agreement with results coming from the Cascade model .	The model could not describe the behavior of average multiplicity of light nuclei produced in HeC interactions .	In case of CC interactions the model could describe qualitatively the behavior of the average multiplicity of light nuclei .	An essential deviation was observed in some of the most central events .
+3	It suggests that the spin liquid degeneracy is lifted by dipolar interactions combined with a finite anisotropy along $ & lt ; 111 & gt ; $ axes .	We have studied the spin liquid Tb $ \_2 $ Sn $ \_2 $ O $ \_7 $ by neutron diffraction and specific heat measurements .	Below about 2 K , the magnetic correlations change from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic .	Magnetic order settles in two steps , with a smeared transition at 1.3 ( 1 ) K then an abrupt transition at 0.87 ( 2 ) K. A new magnetic structure is observed , not predicted by current models , with both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic character .	In the ground state , the Tb $ ^ { 3+ } $ ordered moment is reduced with respect to the free ion moment ( 9 $ \mu\_ { \rm B } $ ) .
+1	A detailed quantitative comparison of the solar flux spectra with model spectra shows that Balmer line profile shapes , and therefore the temperature structure in the line formation region , are best represented under the mixing length theory by any combination of a low mixing-length parameter alpha and a low convective structure parameter y .	An analysis of H alpha and H beta spectra in a sample of 30 cool dwarf and subgiant stars is presented using MARCS model atmospheres based on the most recent calculations of the line opacities .	A slightly lower effective temperature is obtained for the sun than the accepted value , which we attribute to errors in models and line opacities .	The programme stars span temperatures from 4800 to 7100 K and include a small number of population II stars .	Effective temperatures have been derived using a quantitative fitting method with a detailed error analysis .
+2	In this direction , Vladimir Voevodsky observed that it is possible to model type theory using simplicial sets and that this model satisfies an additional property , called the Univalence Axiom , which has a number of striking consequences .	Recent discoveries have been made connecting abstract homotopy theory and the field of type theory from logic and theoretical computer science .	This has given rise to a new field , which has been christened `` homotopy type theory '' .	He has subsequently advocated a program , which he calls univalent foundations , of developing mathematics in the setting of type theory with the Univalence Axiom and possibly other additional axioms motivated by the simplicial set model .	Because type theory possesses good computational properties , this program can be carried out in a computer proof assistant .
+1	Then we proceed to the evaluation of P ( nue- & gt ; nue ) relative to the antineutrinos emitted by the nuclear power stations presently in operation along the the Rhone valley .	After a summary of the basic three neutrino oscillation formalism we review briefly our present empirical knowledge of the oscillation parameters and conclude that the 2-neutrinos model is adequate to describe the survival probability of the electronic neutrino P ( nue- & gt ; nue ) .	We assume that a detector has been installed in a existing cavity located under the Mont Ventoux at a depth equivalent to 1500 m of water .	We show that such an experiment would provide the opportunity to observe neutrinos near the oscillation absolute minimum .	We end by a rough estimate of the counting rate .
+3	The edge-boundary degree of a component A ( subset of V ) is the number of edges in G with one endpoint in A and one endpoint in V-A .	The reassembling of a simple connected graph G = ( V , E ) is an abstraction of a problem arising in earlier studies of network analysis .	Its simplest formulation is in two steps : ( 1 ) We cut every edge of G into two halves , thus obtaining a collection of n=|V| one-vertex components .	( 2 ) We splice the two halves of every edge together , not of all the edges at once , but in some ordering \Theta of the edges that minimizes two measures that depend on the edge-boundary degrees of assembled components .	We call the maximum edge-boundary degree encountered during the reassembling process the alpha-measure of the reassembling , and the sum of all edge-boundary degrees is its beta-measure .
+3	Our experiment also showed a weak dependence of the excitonic resonance in few-layer graphene on layer thickness .	Significant excitonic effects were observed in graphene by measuring its optical conductivity in a broad spectral range including the two-dimensional { \pi } -band saddle-point singularities in the electronic structure .	The strong electron-hole interactions manifest themselves in an asymmetric resonance peaked at 4.62 eV , which is red-shifted by nearly 600 meV from the value predicted by ab-initio GW calculations for the band-to-band transitions .	The observed excitonic resonance is explained within a phenomenological model as a Fano interference of a strongly coupled excitonic state and a band continuum .	This result reflects the effective cancellation of the increasingly screened repulsive electron-electron ( e-e ) and attractive electron-hole ( e-h ) interactions .
+3	We show how the equivalent state with $ J=3/2 $ could never be bound in spite of the attractive interaction of the two-body subsystems .	Arguments in favor of a light $ \Xi NN $ hypernucleus with $ ( I ) J^P= ( 3/2 ) 1/2^+ $ are presented , within the uncertainties of our knowledge of the baryon-baryon strangeness $ -2 $ interactions .	If bound , this $ \Xi NN $ state , being decoupled from the lowest $ N\Lambda\Lambda $ system , would be stable .	It will also benefit from additional binding due to the electromagnetic interaction what makes it worthwhile to look for .	We illustrate our discussion with a full-fledged Faddeev calculation of the $ \Xi NN $ system using simple potentials that mimic more elaborate interactions .
+0	Simulation relations are an important tool in automata theory because they provide efficiently computable approximations to language inclusion .	In recent years , extensions of ordinary simulations have been studied , for instance multi-pebble and multi-letter simulations which yield better approximations and are still polynomial-time computable .	In this paper we study the limitations of approximating language inclusion in this way : we introduce a natural extension of multi-letter simulations called buffered simulations .	They are based on a simulation game in which the two players share a FIFO buffer of unbounded size .	We consider two variants of these buffered games called continuous and look-ahead simulation which differ in how elements can be removed from the FIFO buffer .
+1	In another paper , we applied this construction method to the action of quantum SU ( 2 ) on the standard Podles sphere to obtain Woronowicz ' quantum E ( 2 ) .	In a previous paper , we showed how one can obtain from the action of a locally compact quantum group on a type I-factor a possibly new locally compact quantum group .	In this paper , we will apply this technique to the action of quantum SU ( 2 ) on the quantum projective plane ( whose associated von Neumann algebra is indeed a type I-factor ) .	The locally compact quantum group which then comes out at the other side turns out to be the extended SU ( 1,1 ) quantum group , as constructed by Koelink and Kustermans .	We also show that there exists a ( non-trivial ) quantum groupoid which has at its corners ( the duals of ) the three quantum groups mentioned above .
+1	It is closely related to the twistor formulation of the theory but employs the simpler notion of Lorentz harmonic variables .	We present a formulation of the maximally supersymmetric N=4 gauge theory in Lorentz harmonic chiral ( LHC ) superspace .	They parametrize a two-sphere and allow us to handle efficiently infinite towers of higher-spin auxiliary fields defined on ordinary space-time .	In this approach the chiral half of N=4 supersymmetry is manifest .	The other half is realized non-linearly and the algebra closes on shell .
+2	On anisotropic lattices , we first subtract the effects of the constant mode in finite temperature meson correlators , which have lead to unphysical results in previous studies .	Dissociation temperatures of J/\psi , \psi ' , and \chi_c states play key roles in the sequential J/\psi suppression scenario for high energy heavy ion collisions .	We report on a study of charmonium dissociation temperatures in quenched lattice QCD .	We then extract ground and first exited state masses by diagonalizing correlation functions among different source and sink operators .	To distinguish bound states from scattering states , we first compare the charmonium mass spectra under different spatial boundary conditions , and examine the shape and the volume-dependence of their Bethe-Salpeter wave functions .
+2	If the iron abundance of the progenitors is as low as [ Fe/H ] & lt ; -1 , then the wind is too weak for SNe Ia to occur .	We introduce a metallicity dependence of Type Ia supernova ( SN Ia ) rate into the Galactic and cosmic chemical evolution models .	In our SN Ia progenitor scenario , the accreting white dwarf ( WD ) blows a strong wind to reach the Chandrasekhar mass limit .	Our model successfully reproduces the observed chemical evolution in the solar neighborhood .	We make the following predictions which can test this metallicity effect : 1 ) SNe Ia are not found in the low-iron abundance environments such as dwarf galaxies and the outskirts of spirals .
+2	We point out that the light Higgs mass can be increased by reducing the off-diagonal term in the mass matrix when tan beta is moderate , which is about 5 to 10 .	The light Higgs mass in the MSSM is highly constrained and is predicted to be close to M_Z which causes a tension between the LEP II Higgs mass bound 114 GeV and the natural electroweak symmetry breaking in the MSSM .	The usual way to increase the light CP even Higgs mass was to increase the quartic coupling of the up type Higgs .	As a result no mixing and/or a Higgs mixing angle of the opposite sign arises and the branching ratio of Higgs decay is drastically changed .	This is possible in scalar sequestering scenario in which mu parameter can be large independently of the electroweak symmetry breaking .
+2	While standard approximate DFT functionals stabilize the latter phase , a more accurate treatment of electronic localization and magnetism , obtained with DFT+U , suppresses the non-modulated tetragonal structure for the stoichiometric compound , in better agreement with the experiments .	In this work , we perform first principles DFT calculations to investigate the interplay between magnetic and structural properties in Ni2MnGa .	We demonstrate that the relative stability of austenite ( cubic ) and non-modulated martensite ( tetragonal ) phases depends critically on the magnetic interactions between Mn atoms .	We show that the Anderson impurity model , with Mn atoms treated as magnetic impurities , can explain this observation and that the fine balance between super-exchange RKKY type interactions mediated by Ni d and Ga p orbitals determines the equilibrium structure of the crystal .	The Anderson model is also demonstrated to capture the effect of the number of valence electrons per unit cell on the structural properties , often used as an empirical parameter to tune the behavior of Ni2MnGa based alloys .
+2	In this paper , we attempt to identify the nature of the substructure required to match the HEAT data , including the location , size and density of any local dark matter clump ( s ) .	It has often been suggested that the cosmic positron excess observed by the HEAT experiment could be the consequence of supersymmetric dark matter annihilating in the galactic halo .	Although it is well known that evenly distributed dark matter can not account for the observed excess , if substantial amounts of local dark matter substructure are present , the positron flux would be enhanced , perhaps to the observed magnitude .	Additionally , we attempt to assess the probability of such substructure being present .	We find that if the current density of neutralino dark matter is the result of thermal production , very unlikely ( $ \sim 10^ { -4 } $ or less ) conditions must be present in local substructure to account for the observed excess .
+1	At small dopings and large interaction strengths we are able access low enough temperatures that a reliable extrapolation to temperature T=0 may be performed , and ground state energies of insulating and metallic states may be compared .	A powerful new impurity solver is shown to permit a systematic study of the doping driven Mott transition in a one-band Hubbard model within the framework of single-site dynamical mean field theory .	We find that the T=0 doping-driven transition is of second order and is characterized by an interaction-strength dependent electronic compressibility , which vanishes at the critical interaction strength of the half filled model .	Over wide parameter ranges the compressibility is substantially reduced relative to the non-interacting system .	The metal insulator transition is characterized by the appearance of in-gap states , but these are relevant only for very low dopings of less than 3 % .
+3	However , upon eliminating the gauge fields to obtain the dual theory the new algebra does not close .	A method for implementing non-Abelian duality on string backgrounds is given .	It is shown that a direct generalisation of the familiar Abelian duality induces an extra local symmetry in the gauge invariant theory .	The non-Abelian isometry group is shown to be enlarged to a non-semi-simple group .	Therefore the gauge fixing procedure becomes problematic .
+2	Measurements of the form factor are made using the technique of partially twisted boundary condition to reach small momentum transfer as well as periodic boundary condition with integer momenta .	We present a calculation of the electromagnetic form factor of the pion in $ N_f=2+1 $ flavor lattice QCD .	Calculations are made on the PACS-CS gauge field configurations generated using Iwasaki gauge action and Wilson-clover quark action on a $ 32^3\times64 $ lattice volume with the lattice spacing estimated as $ a=0.0907 ( 13 ) $ fm at the physical point .	Additional improvements including random wall source techniques and a judicious choice of momenta carried by the incoming and outgoing quarks are employed for error reduction .	Analyzing the form factor data for the pion mass at $ M_\pi \approx 411 $ MeV and 296 MeV , we find that the NNLO SU ( 2 ) chiral perturbation theory fit yields $ & lt ; r^2 & gt ; =0.441 \pm 0.046 { \rm fm } ^2 $ for the pion charge radius at the physical pion mass .
+2	There are two important benefits of using ( CTQ ) approach : minimizing the average waiting time of the tasks , consequently minimizing the average turnaround time , and keeping the number of context switches as low as possible , consequently minimizing the scheduling overhead .	Minimizing waiting time for tasks waiting in the queue for execution is one of the important scheduling cri-teria which took a wide area in scheduling preemptive tasks .	In this paper we present Changeable Time Quan-tum ( CTQ ) approach combined with the round-robin algorithm , we try to adjust the time quantum according to the burst times of the tasks in the ready queue .	In this paper , we consider the scheduling problem for preemptive tasks , where the time costs of these tasks are known a priori .	Our experimental results demonstrate that CTQ can provide much lower scheduling overhead and better scheduling criteria .
+1	Dark matter ( DM ) annihilations into charged particles change the thermal history of the Universe and , as a consequence , affect the 21 cm signal .	Future dedicated radio interferometers , including HERA and SKA , are very promising tools that aim to study the epoch of reionization and beyond via measurements of the 21 cm signal from neutral hydrogen .	Accurately predicting the effect of DM strongly relies on the modeling of annihilations inside halos .	In this work , we use up-to-date computations of the energy deposition rates by the products from DM annihilations , a proper treatment of the contribution from DM annihilations in halos , as well as values of the annihilation cross section allowed by the most recent cosmological measurements from the Planck satellite .	Given current uncertainties on the description of the astrophysical processes driving the epochs of reionization , X-ray heating and Lyman- $ \alpha $ pumping , we find that disentangling DM signatures from purely astrophysical effects , related to early-time star formation processes or late-time galaxy X-ray emissions , will be a challenging task .
+0	We have studied the time lags between commercial line airplane disasters and their occurrence frequency till 2002 , as obtained from a freely available website .	We show that the time lags seem to be well described by Poisson random events , where the average events rate is itself a function of time , i.e.time-dependent Poisson events .	This is likely due to the unsteady growth of the industry .	The time lag distribution is compared with a truncated Tsallis distribution , thereby showing that the ''phenomenon '' has similarities with a Brownian particle with time dependent mass .	We distinguish between ''other causes '' ( or natural causes ) and ''terrorism acts '' , the latter amounts to about 5 percents , but we find no drastic difference nor impact due to the latter on the overall distribution .
+4	This result does not require any assumption at all , neither on the structure of the variables nor on the regression function .	The Lasso has attracted the attention of many authors these last years .	While many efforts have been made to prove that the Lasso behaves like a variable selection procedure at the price of strong ( though unavoidable ) assumptions on the geometric structure of these variables , much less attention has been paid to the analysis of the performance of the Lasso as a regularization algorithm .	Our first purpose here is to provide a conceptually very simple result in this direction .	We shall prove that , provided that the regularization parameter is properly chosen , the Lasso works almost as well as the deterministic Lasso .
+2	As with the ordinals , transfinite digraphs appear in a hierarchy of ranks indexed by the countable ordinals .	Transfinite graphs have been defined and examined in a variety of prior works , but transfinite digraphs had not as yet been investigated .	The present work embarks upon such a task .	The digraphs of rank 0 are the conventional digraphs .	Those of rank 1 are constructed by defining certain extremities of 0-ranked digraphs , and then partitioning those extremities to obtain vertices of rank 1 .
+2	We present here the first observations of this kind , performed on Rigel ( B8Ia ) and Deneb ( A2Ia ) .	There are currently two optical interferometry recombiners that can provide spectral resolutions better than 10000 , AMBER/VLTI operating in the H-K bands , and VEGA/CHARA , recently commissioned , operating in the visible .	These instruments are well suited to study the wind activity of the brightest AB supergiants in our vicinity , in lines such as H $ \alpha $ or BrGamma .	Rigel was monitored by AMBER in two campaigns , in 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 , and observed in 2009 by VEGA ; whereas Deneb was monitored in 2008-2009 by VEGA .	The extension of the Halpha and BrGamma line forming regions were accurately measured and compared with CMFGEN models of both stars .
+2	The galaxy sample was first classified by 6 independent experts .	We train Artificial Neural Networks to classify galaxies based solely on the morphology of the galaxy images as they appear on blue survey plates .	The images are reduced and morphological features such as bulge size and the number of arms are extracted , all in a fully automated manner .	We use several definitions for the mean type of each galaxy , based on those classifications .	We then train and test the network on these features .
+3	It is also favorable for the ICARUS @ CERN experiment , in which it is likely that oscillations are not washed-out in the near detector .	We discuss the implications for short-baseline electron neutrino disappearance in the 3+1 mixing scheme of the recent Troitsk bounds on the mixing of a neutrino with mass between 2 and 100 eV .	Considering the Troitsk data in combination with the results of short-baseline nu_e and antinu_e disappearance experiments , which include the reactor and Gallium anomalies , we derive a 2 sigma allowed range for the effective neutrino squared-mass difference between 0.85 and 43 eV^2 .	The upper bound implies that it is likely that oscillations in distance and/or energy can be observed in radioactive source experiments .	We discuss also the implications for neutrinoless double-beta decay .
+2	If the oscillator is in a stationary state \psi_q \in W ( p ) then measurements of the non-commuting Cartesian coordinates of the particle are such that their allowed values are consistent with it being found at a finite number of sites , called `` nests '' .	The properties of a noncanonical 3D Wigner quantum oscillator , whose position and momentum operators generate the Lie superalgebra sl ( 1|3 ) , are further investigated .	Within each state space W ( p ) , p=1,2 , ... , the energy E_q , q=0,1,2,3 , takes no more than 4 different values .	These lie on a sphere centered on the origin of fixed , finite radius \varrho_q .	The nests themselves are at the vertices of a rectangular parallelepiped .
+3	This equation is fully defined by \sigma_1 nonnegative integers m_1 , ... , m_\sigma_1 that are determined by relations : \Phi_n^ { -m_i } ( O_\alpha_i ) =O^ ( -1 ) _\beta_i , i\in ( 1,2 , ... , \sigma_1 ) , where \Phi_n^ { -m_i } is m_i-iteration of inverse map , O_\alpha_i , O^ ( -1 ) _\beta_i , \alpha_i , \beta_i \in ( 1,2 , ... , \sigma ) , are indeterminacy points of the direct and inverse maps , \sigma_1\leq\sigma and \sigma is a number of indeterminacy points of \Phi_n , \Phi_n^ { -1 } .	We consider a dynamics of a generic birational plane map \Phi_n : CP^2 \to CP^2 , CP^2 -image of the birational mapping ( inverse map is also rational ) F_n : C^2 \to C^2 and its such important characteristic as the Arnold complexity C_A ( k ) , which is proportional d ( k ) =deg ( \Phi_n^k ) - a degree of k-iteration of the map \Phi_n , on the basis on algebraic-geometrical properties of such maps .	Additional importance of this characteristic follows from the Veselov conjecture about the polynomial boundedness of the growth of d ( k ) for integrable dynamical systems with a discrete time defined by birational plane maps .	The autonomous linear difference equation with integer coefficients for d ( k ) is obtained .	If \sigma_1 is equal to zero that d ( k ) =n^k , otherwise the growth of d ( k ) is fully defined by a root spectrum of the secular equation associated with the difference equation for d ( k ) .
+0	Superluminal neutrinos are expected to lose energy due to bremstrauhlung .	It is dominated by e+e -- pair production if kinematically allowed .	The same signature was used in searches for 3-body decays of hypothetical heavy sterile neutrinos .	From the absence of these processes in CERN PS191 and CHARM experiments we set upper limits on the neutrino velocity in the energy range from 0.2 GeV to 280 GeV .	Our limits are well below the neutrino velocity favored by the recent OPERA results .
+3	The serious difficulty in this scenario lies in the estimate of the irradiating luminosity required to match the observational data , that is a factor 10-50 higher than the quiescent X-ray luminosity of this source .	The optical counterpart of the binary millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 during quiescence was detected at V = 21.5 mag by Homer et al . ( 2001 ) .	This star shows a 6 % semi-amplitude sinusoidal modulation of its flux at the orbital period of the system .	It was proposed that the modulation arises from X-ray irradiation of the intrinsically faint companion by a remnant accretion disk , and that the bulk of the optical emission arises from viscous dissipation in the disk .	To overcome this problem , we propose an alternative scenario , in which the irradiation is due to the release of rotational energy by the fast spinning neutron star , switched on , as magneto-dipole rotator ( radio pulsar ) , during quiescence .
+1	The proposed estimator relies on different measurement setups .	An unscented Kalman filter with joint state and parameter estimation is proposed for aerodynamics , states and wind conditions for airborne wind energy converters .	Due to the strict economic constraints of wind energy converters , the sensor setups are chosen with minimal cost and reliability issues in mind .	Simulation data with a high fidelity system model and experimental tests using flight data , together with wind measurements obtained using a lidar system for altitude wind measurements , are used for validation .	The data was obtained during test flights of the EnerK\'ite EK30 , an airborne wind energy converter currently in research operation in Brandenburg , Germany .
+3	k n ) $ time [ Deineko , Hoffmann , Okamoto , Woeginer , Oper.Res.Lett .	Given a set of $ n $ points in the Euclidean plane , such that just $ k $ points are strictly inside the convex hull of the whole set , we want to find the shortest tour visiting every point .	The fastest known algorithm for the version when $ k $ is significantly smaller than $ n $ , i.e. , when there are just few inner points , works in $ O ( k^ { 11\sqrt { k } } k^ { 1.5 } n^ { 3 } ) $ time [ Knauer and Spillner , WG 2006 ] , but also requires space of order $ k^ { c\sqrt { k } } n^ { 2 } $ .	The best linear space algorithm takes $ O ( k !	34 ( 1 ) , 106-110 ] .
+4	The former , G0.0-1.3 , shows the extended emission with a thin thermal plasma .	We report the ASCA results of the supernova remnants ( SNRs ) and their candidates in the Galactic Center region .	We found apparent X-ray emission from G359.1-0.5 and G0.9+0.1 , and made marginal detection for G359.1+0.9 , but found no significant X-ray from the other cataloged SNRs : G359.0-0.9 , Sgr A East ( G0.0+0.0 ) , G0.3+0.0 , Sgr D SNR ( G1.0-0.1 ) ( Green 1998 ) .	The emission from G359.1-0.5 is found to be thermal with multi temperature structures whereas that from G0.9+0.1 is quite hard , probably non-thermal .	We discovered two new candidates of SNRs : G0.0-1.3 ( AX J1751-29.6 ) and G0.56-0.01 ( AX J1747.0-2828 ) .
+3	We consider a range of problems raised by these observations , and briefly discuss the applicability of expanding-synchrotron source or conical jet models to the oscillations .	We report simultaneous observations of the black hole candidate X-ray transient GRS 1915+105 in the infrared at K and in the radio at 2 cm .	Oscillations of period 26 min were observed in both wavebands , having ( dereddened ) peak -- peak amplitudes of about 40 mJy and with the IR leading the radio by 7 min , or perhaps by 33 or 59 min .	A synchrotron origin for the oscillations continues to seem very likely .	Comparing simplistic estimates of the ejecta mass to the missing inner disc mass in the model of Belloni et al. , we find that a significant fraction of the inner disc may be ejected during the oscillations .
+2	In such situations , it becomes interesting to study the structural properties of the actual data , because the schema gives an incomplete description of the organization of a dataset .	Although RDF graphs have schema information associated with them , in practice it is very common to find cases in which data do not fully conform to their schema .	A prominent example of this is DBpedia , which is RDF data extracted from Wikipedia , a publicly editable source of information .	In this paper we have approached the study of the structuredness of an RDF graph in a principled way : we propose a framework for specifying structuredness functions , which gauge the degree to which an RDF graph conforms to a schema .	In particular , we first define a formal language for specifying structuredness functions with expressions we call rules .
+4	We provide a simple Ising-like model that explains the evolution of the magnetic structure with U in tandem with a discussion of various different ways in which one might try to choose an appropriate U parameter .	We present a first-principles study on the interface between perovskite ferroelectrics ( PbTiO3 ) and conducting magnetic manganites La_ { 1-x } Sr_xMnO3 .	We show that by switching the ferroelectric polarization , additional carriers are accumulated or depleted at the interfacial region of the manganite and that this change in carrier density can modify the magnetic spin configuration of the interfacial Mn , which is consistent with the experimentally observed anomalously large change in the magnetization .	We also describe an unexpected purely interfacial phenomenon whereby the ferroelectric polarization of the interfacial region changes the magnetic energetics -- - a degree of freedom not present in bulk manganites .	Theoretically , we show the the ground-state magnetic structure depends sensitively on the precise choice of Hubbard $ U $ parameter within the widely-used DFT+U class of exchange correlation functionals .
+1	Our method uses Bayesian techniques to estimate the average curvature of the potential over small local regions .	We present a new estimation method for mapping the gravitational lensing potential from observed CMB intensity and polarization fields .	These local curvatures are then used to construct an estimate of a low pass filter of the gravitational potential .	By utilizing Bayesian/likelihood methods one can easily overcome problems with missing and/or non-uniform pixels and problems with partial sky observations ( E and B mode mixing , for example ) .	Moreover , our methods are local in nature which allow us to easily model spatially varying beams and are highly parallelizable .
+3	For the fundamental group of the non-orientable surface $ N_g $ ( the connected sum of $ g $ projective planes ) this number is $ 2 ( g-1 ) $ ( when $ g & gt ; 2 $ ) .	It is well known that when $ G $ is the fundamental group of a closed surface of negative Euler characteristic , it has the $ R_ { \infty } $ property .	In this work we compute the least integer $ c $ , { \it called the $ R_ { \infty } $ -nilpotency degree of $ G $ } , such that the group $ G/ \gamma_ { c+1 } ( G ) $ has the $ R_ { \infty } $ property , where $ \gamma_r ( G ) $ is the $ r $ -th term of the lower central series of $ G $ .	We show that $ c=4 $ for $ G $ the fundamental group of any orientable closed surface $ S_g $ of genus $ g & gt ; 1 $ .	A similar concept is introduced using the derived series $ G^ { ( r ) } $ of a group $ G $ .
+1	In keeping with SDSS tradition , SDSS-III will provide regular public releases of all its data , beginning with SDSS DR8 ( which occurred in Jan 2011 ) .	Building on the legacy of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS-I and II ) , SDSS-III is a program of four spectroscopic surveys on three scientific themes : dark energy and cosmological parameters , the history and structure of the Milky Way , and the population of giant planets around other stars .	This paper presents an overview of the four SDSS-III surveys .	BOSS will measure redshifts of 1.5 million massive galaxies and Lya forest spectra of 150,000 quasars , using the BAO feature of large scale structure to obtain percent-level determinations of the distance scale and Hubble expansion rate at z & lt ; 0.7 and at z~2.5 .	SEGUE-2 , which is now completed , measured medium-resolution ( R=1800 ) optical spectra of 118,000 stars in a variety of target categories , probing chemical evolution , stellar kinematics and substructure , and the mass profile of the dark matter halo from the solar neighborhood to distances of 100 kpc .
+3	We make a rough estimate of the corrections to the masses of some of the lightest ( axial ) vector mesons .	We consider the effect of the R^4 term in type IIA string theory on the supergravity background dual to N_c D4 branes compactified on a circle with supersymmetry breaking boundary conditions .	We study the dynamics of D8 branes in this perturbed geometry in the probe approximation .	This leads to an analysis of higher derivative corrections in holographic QCD beyond the supergravity approximation .	The corrections are suppressed by a factor of ( g_ { YM } ^2 N_c ) ^ { -3 } compared to their supergravity values .
+0	We present a comprehensive theory of the temperature- and disorder-dependence of half-metallic ferrimagnetism in the double perovskite Sr $ _2 $ FeMoO $ _6 $ ( SFMO ) with $ T_c $ above room temperature .	We show that the magnetization $ M ( T ) $ and conduction electron polarization $ P ( T ) $ are both proportional to the magnetization $ M_S ( T ) $ of localized Fe spins .	We derive and validate an effective spin Hamiltonian , amenable to large-scale three-dimensional simulations .	We show how $ M ( T ) $ and $ T_c $ are affected by disorder , ubiquitous in these materials .	We suggest a way to enhance $ T_c $ in SFMO without sacrificing polarization .
+3	The transport data also indicate that the conduction is due to the small polaron hopping .	The chemical pressure effect on the structural , transport , magnetic and electronic properties ( by measuring X-ray photoemission spectroscopy ) of ZnV2O4 has been investigated by doping Mn and Co on the Zinc site of ZnV2O4 .	With Mn doping the V-V distance increases and with Co doping it decreases .	The resistivity and thermoelectric power data indicate that as the V-V distance decreases the system moves towards Quantum Phase Transition .	The chemical pressure shows the non-monotonous behaviour of charge gap and activation energy .
+2	We address a novel computing paradigm , replacing this assumption by mere logical consistency : We study non-causal circuits , where a fixed time structure within a gate is locally assumed whilst the global causal structure between the gates is dropped .	Computation models such as circuits describe sequences of computation steps that are carried out one after the other .	In other words , algorithm design is traditionally subject to the restriction imposed by a fixed causal order .	We present examples of logically consistent non-causal circuits outperforming all causal ones ; they imply that suppressing loops entirely is more restrictive than just avoiding the contradictions they can give rise to .	That fact is already known for correlations as well as for communication , and we here extend it to computation .
+4	To prove this , we use the approach of categorical representations .	The parabolic category $ \mathcal O $ for affine $ { \mathfrak { gl } } _N $ at level $ -N-e $ admits a structure of a categorical representation of $ \widetilde { \mathfrak { sl } } _e $ with respect to some endofunctors $ E $ and $ F $ .	This category contains a smaller category $ \mathbf A $ that categorifies the higher level Fock space .	We prove that the functors $ E $ and $ F $ in the category $ \mathbf A $ are Koszul dual to Zuckerman functors .	The key point of the proof is to show that the functor $ F $ for the category $ \mathbf A $ at level $ -N-e $ can be decomposed in terms of components of the functor $ F $ for the category $ \mathbf A $ at level $ -N-e-1 $ .
+0	Gamma-ray burst ( GRB ) observations at very high energies ( VHE , E & gt ; 100 GeV ) can impose tight constraints on some GRB emission models .	Many GRB afterglow models predict a VHE component similar to that seen in blazars and plerions , in which the GRB spectral energy distribution has a double-peaked shape extending into the VHE regime .	VHE emission coincident with delayed X-ray flare emission has also been predicted .	GRB follow-up observations have had high priority in the observing program at the Whipple 10m Gamma-ray Telescope and GRBs will continue to be high priority targets as the next generation observatory , VERITAS , comes on-line .	Upper limits on the VHE emission , at late times ( & gt ; ~4 hours ) , from seven GRBs observed with the Whipple Telescope are reported here .
+3	The vibrational branching fractions of the CH3 are recovered by using the individual vibrationally state-selected CH3 distributions to fit the kinetic energy distribution obtained by using nonresonant multiphoton ionization of either the I or CH3 fragment .	The predissociation dynamics of the vibrationless level of the first Rydberg state 6s ( B 2E ) state of CH3I has been studied by femtosecond-resolved velocity map imaging of both the CH3 and I photofragments .	The kinetic energy distributions of the two fragments have been recorded as a function of the pump-probe delay , and as a function of excitation within the umbrella and stretching vibrational modes of the CH3 fragment .	These observations are made by using ( 2+1 ) Resonant Enhanced MultiPhoton Ionization ( REMPI ) via the 3pz 2A2 '' state of CH3 to detect specific vibrational levels of CH3 .	The angular distributions and rise times of the two fragments differ significantly .
+3	For three cohorts taken from three continents , we estimate escape and reversion rates at 23 escape sites in optimally defined Gag epitopes .	The twin processes of viral evolutionary escape and reversion in response to host immune pressure , in particular the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte ( CTL ) response , shape Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 sequence evolution in infected host populations .	The tempo of CTL escape and reversion is known to differ between CTL escape variants in a given host population .	Here , we ask : are rates of escape and reversion comparable across infected host populations ?	We find consistent escape rate estimates across the examined cohorts .
+2	After applying the Laplace transform , a new cost functional is constructed and a variational problem is formulated .	The inverse problem of estimating dielectric constants of explosives using boundary measurements of one component of the scattered electric field is addressed .	It is formulated as a coefficient inverse problem for a hyperbolic differential equation .	The key feature of this functional is the presence of the Carleman Weight Function for the Laplacian .	The strict convexity of this functional on a bounded set in a Hilbert space of an arbitrary size is proven .
+0	The purpose of this contribution is to show how a nuclear field theory follows naturally from the structure of four-dimensional Riemannian geometry .	A Yang-Mills field is introduced by constructing fibres that include all possible exchanges of spin , parity and charge such that the collective quantum numbers remain the same .	In this way O ( 4 ) internal symmetry transformations are found and a connection is obtained by exponentiation of a CP-invariant operator C associated with the ground state .	The metric is Calabi-Yau and Einstein .	Carbon 13 is chosen as an example because it is the lightest nucleus to exhibit small spin mutations even though there is no deformation parameter in the O ( 4 ) commutation relations .
+3	Also , by use of a formal identity between given elastic force and Schwarzschild gravitational `` force '' , we introduce phenomenologically a simple quantization rule .	In this work we suggest a simplified interpretation of Susskind-Horowitz-Polchinski correspondence between Schwarzschild black hole and strings .	Firstly , similarly to naive , classical mechanical Laplace determination of the Schwarzschild radius , we suggest a simple , classical mechanical equation .	It determines amplitude of such sufficiently strong classical elastic force that forbids escape of a Planck mass particle moving by speed of light from end of corresponding classical elastic spring , simply called dark spring .	It states that circumference ( corresponding to elastic force amplitude equivalent formally to Schwarzschild radius ) holds natural number of corresponding reduced Compton 's wave length .
+0	We present a two-dimensional analysis of the gaseous excitation and kinematics of the inner 2.5 x 1.7 kpc^2 of the LINER/Seyfert 1 galaxy Arp 102B , from optical spectra obtained with the GMOS integral field spectrograph on the Gemini North telescope at a spatial resolution of 250 pc .	Emission-line flux maps show the same two-armed nuclear spiral we have discovered in previous observations with the HST-ACS camera .	One arm reaches 1 kpc to the east and the other 500 pc to the west , with a 8.4 GHz VLA bent radio jet correlating with the former .	The gas density is highest ( 500 - 900 cm^ ( -3 ) ) at the nucleus and in the northern border of the east arm , at a region where the radio jet seems to be deflected .	Channel maps show blueshifts but also some redshifts at the eastern arm and jet location which can be interpreted as originated in the front and back walls of an outflow pushed by the radio jet , suggesting also that the outflow is launched close to the plane of the sky .
+4	It is also shown that the suggested possibilistic semantics can be computed by a resolution algorithm and the consideration of optimal refutations from a possibilistic logic theory .	In this paper , a possibilistic disjunctive logic programming approach for modeling uncertain , incomplete and inconsistent information is defined .	This approach introduces the use of possibilistic disjunctive clauses which are able to capture incomplete information and incomplete states of a knowledge base at the same time .	By considering a possibilistic logic program as a possibilistic logic theory , a construction of a possibilistic logic programming semantic based on answer sets and the proof theory of possibilistic logic is defined .	It shows that this possibilistic semantics for disjunctive logic programs can be characterized by a fixed-point operator .
+2	In addition , we present new UBVRI photometry of 201 of these candidate halo stars , together with similar data for a further 14 known metal-poor subdwarfs .	We have identified 317 stars included in the Hipparcos astrometric catalogue which have parallaxes measured to a precision of better than 15 % , and whose location in the ( M_V , ( B-V ) _T ) diagram implies a metallicity comparable to or less than that of the intermediate-abundance globular cluster , M5 .	We have undertaken an extensive literature search to locate Stromgren , Johnson/Cousins and Walraven photometry for over 120 stars .	Those observations provide the first extensive dataset of RI photometry of metal-poor , main-sequence stars with well-determined trigonometric parallaxes .	Finally , we have obtained intermediate-resolution optical spectroscopy of 175 stars .
+3	Prior work in this area are based on parametric approaches and rely on time-series analysis techniques , self-exciting hurdle models ( SEHM ) , or hidden Markov models ( HMM ) .	Activity profiles of terrorist groups show frequent spurts and downfalls corresponding to changes in the underlying organizational dynamics .	In particular , it is of interest in understanding changes in attributes such as intentions/ideology , tactics/strategies , capabilities/resources , etc. , that influence and impact the activity .	The goal of this work is the quick detection of such changes and in general , tracking of macroscopic as well as microscopic trends in group dynamics .	While these approaches detect spurts and downfalls reasonably accurately , they are all based on model learning -- - a task that is difficult in practice because of the `` rare '' nature of terrorist attacks from a model learning perspective .
+2	The geodesic problem for these SAV spacetimes is rewritten as a two degree of freedom problem and the connection between current ideas in dynamical systems and the study of two manifolds sought .	I visually explore the features of geodesic orbits in arbitrary stationary axisymmetric vacuum ( SAV ) spacetimes that are constructed from a complex Ernst potential .	Some of the geometric features of integrable and chaotic orbits are highlighted .	The relationship between the Hamilton-Jacobi equations , canonical transformations , constants of motion and Killing tensors are commented on .	Wherever possible I illustrate the concepts by means of examples from general relativity .
+4	We therefore can not conclude that the presence of a massive black hole in the nucleus of M33 would require a different formation mechanism from that of the black holes detected in galaxies with more luminous bulges .	We analyze optical long-slit spectroscopy of the nucleus of M33 obtained from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope .	Rather than the steep rise expected within the radius of influence of a supermassive black hole , the velocity dispersion drops significantly within the inner parsec .	Dynamical modelling yields an estimated upper limit of 3000 solar masses for the mass of a central compact object .	This upper limit is however consistent within the uncertainties with the mass predicted by the M-sigma relation , which is between 2000 and 20,000 solar masses .
+0	Clustering in low density nuclear matter has been investigated using the NIMROD multi-detector at Texas A & amp ; M University .	Thermal coalescence modes were employed to extract densities , $ \rho $ , and temperatures , $ T $ , for evolving systems formed in collisions of 47 $ A $ MeV $ ^ { 40 } $ Ar + $ ^ { 112 } $ Sn , $ ^ { 124 } $ Sn and $ ^ { 64 } $ Zn + $ ^ { 112 } $ Sn , $ ^ { 124 } $ Sn .	The yields of $ d $ , $ t $ , $ ^ { 3 } $ He , and $ ^ { 4 } $ He have been determined at $ \rho $ = 0.002 to 0.032 nucleons/fm $ ^ { 3 } $ and $ T $ = 5 to 10 MeV .	The experimentally derived equilibrium constants for $ \alpha $ particle production are compared with those predicted by a number of astrophysical equations of state .	The data provide important new constraints on the model calculations .
+2	We achieved a high-fidelity distribution of the entangled state over fibre communication channel , and also demonstrated that the scheme is robust against fragility of the reference frame .	Efficient and faithful implementation of quantum information tasks , e.g. , quantum computing , quantum communication and quantum metrology , requires robust and state-independent decoherence-suppressing measures to protect quantum information carriers .	Here we present an experimental demonstration of a robust distribution scheme in which one photon of an entangled photon pair is successfully encoded into and decoded from a decoherence-free subspace ( DFS ) by a state-independent scheme .	The scheme , thanks to its state-independence , is also applicable to multipartite case where the photon to be distributed is entangled with many other photons .	Such a universal scheme opens the possibility of robust distribution of quantum information among quantum communication and computing networks .
+2	This is true for smooth surfaces , but we show by example that this is false for smooth varieties in higher dimension , and for surfaces with canonical singularities .	Let $ X $ and $ Y $ be proper birational varieties , say with only rational double points over a perfect field $ k $ of positive characteristic .	If $ X $ lifts to $ W_n ( k ) $ , is it true that $ Y $ has the same lifting property ?	We also answer a stacky analogue of this question : given a canonical surface $ X $ with minimal resolution $ Y $ and stacky resolution $ \mathcal { X } $ , we characterize when liftability of $ Y $ is equivalent to that of $ \mathcal { X } $ .	The main input for our results is a study of how the deformation functor of a canonical surface singularity compares with the deformation functor of its minimal resolution .
+2	We observe a rise in the dark current and noise measured with source off .	The preliminary results of an aging test performed at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility on a single -- gap RPC prototype developed for the LHCb Muon System are presented .	The results are based on an accumulated charge density of 0.42 C/cm^2 , corresponding to about 4 years of LHCb running at the highest background rate .	The current drawn with source on steadily decreased , possibly indicating an increase of resistivity of the chamber plates .	The performance of the chamber , studied with a muon beam under several photon flux values , is found to still fulfill the LHCb operation requirements .
+1	Gravitational radiation reaction leads the binary system towards eventual collapse , while the external periodic perturbations could lead to the ionization of the system via Arnold diffusion .	The long term nonlinear dynamics of a Keplerian binary system under the combined influences of gravitational radiation damping and external tidal perturbations is analyzed .	When these two opposing tendencies nearly balance each other , interesting chaotic behavior occurs that is briefly studied in this paper .	It is possible to show that periodic orbits can exist in this system for sufficiently small damping .	Moreover , we employ the method of averaging to investigate the phenomenon of capture into resonance .
+1	One main theme concerns itself with the behaviour of this arithmetic degree under hypersurface sections .	The aim of this paper is to start a systematic investigation of the arithmetic degree of projective schemes as introduced by D. Bayer and D. Mumford .	The notion of arithmetic degree involves the new concept of length-multiplicity of embedded primary ideals .	Therefore it is much harder to control the arithmetic degree under a hypersurface section than in the case for the classical degree theory .	Nevertheless it has important and interesting applications .
+4	The initial conditions are found under which the pulson solutions become periodic .	We search for self-gravitating oscillating field lumps ( pulsons ) in the scalar model with logarithmic potential .	With the use of a Krylov-Bogoliubov-type asymptotic expansion in the gravitational constant , the pulson solutions of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system are obtained in the Schwarzschild coordinates .	They are expressed in terms of solutions of the singular Hill 's equation .	The masses of the obtained pulsons are calculated .
+4	We also explore the degeneracies between the defects contribution and other cosmological parameters .	We compare the predictions of hybrid inflationary models that produce both adiabatic fluctuations and topological defects to first year WMAP results .	We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to constrain the contribution of cosmic strings and textures to the CMB angular power spectrum .	Marginalizing this contribution over the cosmological parameters of a power law flat LCDM model , we place a 95 % upper limit of 23 % on the topological defects contribution to density fluctuations , the maximum likelihood being of order 4 % .	This corresponds to an upper limit on the string scale of G\mu \leq 3.2 \times 10^ { -7 } .
+1	We consider the contribution of previously ignored processes involving the excitation of a pair of quasi-holes or quasi-particles .	We calculate the low temperature longitudinal ultrasonic attenuation rate $ \alpha_S $ in clean d-wave superconductors .	These processes , which are forbidden by energy conservation in conventional s-wave superconductors , have a finite phase space in d-wave superconductors due to the presence of nodes in the gap which give rise to soft low-energy electronic excitations .	We find the contribution to $ \alpha_S $ from these processes to be proportional to $ T $ in the regime $ k_B T\ll Qv_ { \Delta } \ll \Delta_0 $ , ( ultra-low temperature regime ) and to be proportional to 1/T in the region $ Qv_F \ll k_BT \ll \Delta_0 $ , ( low temperature regime ) where $ { \bf Q } $ is the ultrasound wave-vector and $ \Delta_0 $ is the maximum gap amplitude .	We explicitly evaluate these terms , for parameters appropriate to the cuprates , for $ { \bf Q } $ along the nodal and the antinodal directions and compare it with the contribution from processes considered earlier ( I.Vekhter et al { \it Phys.Rev .
+3	Among all tapes , the MgB2/SiC/Cu tape deposited at a temperature of 540 { \deg } C has the highest Tc of ~ 37.7 K. Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) images revealed the hexagonal shaped MgB2 grains with good connectivity , and their sizes were found to vary with growth temperatures .	The influence of SiC-impurity layer and growth temperature on microstructure and superconducting properties were studied for MgB2 superconducting tapes .	The pulsed laser deposition ( PLD ) system was used for the deposition of amorphous SiC-impurity layers on the flexible metallic Cu ( 001 ) tapes .	The MgB2 superconducting tapes were fabricated by growing MgB2 films on the top of SiC/Cu tapes over a wide temperature range of 460 - 600 { \deg } C by using hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition ( HPCVD ) system .	As compared to MgB2/Cu tapes , the MgB2/SiC/Cu tapes exhibited opposite trend in the dependence of critical current density ( Jc ) with deposition temperatures .
+2	By means of Diamonds one is able to detect the different backgrounds in the power spectrum of the star ( e.g.stellar granulation and faculae activity ) and to understand whether one or two oscillation peaks can be identified or not .	In the context of high-quality asteroseismic data provided by the NASA Kepler mission , we developed a new code , termed Diamonds ( high-DImensional And multi-MOdal NesteD Sampling ) , for fast Bayesian parameter estimation and model comparison by means of the Nested Sampling Monte Carlo ( NSMC ) algorithm , an efficient and powerful method very suitable for high-dimensional problems ( like the peak bagging analysis of solar-like oscillations ) and multi-modal problems ( i.e.problems that show multiple solutions ) .	We applied the code to the peak bagging analysis of solar-like oscillations observed in a challenging F-type star .	In addition , we demonstrate a novel approach to peak bagging based on multimodality , which is able to reduce significantly the number of free parameters involved in the peak bagging model .	This novel approach is therefore of great interest for possible future automatization of the entire analysis technique .
+3	Although it has often been studied qualitatively , e.g. , as a test for the realism of a model , there are almost no quantitative results , neither empirically nor theoretically .	Pedestrian dynamics exhibits various collective phenomena .	Here we study bidirectional pedestrian flow in a floor field cellular automaton model .	Under certain conditions , lane formation is observed .	As basis for a quantitative analysis we introduce an order parameter which is adopted from the analysis of colloidal suspensions .
+0	The origin of low-luminosity Type IIP supernovae is unclear : they have been proposed to originate either from massive ( about 25 Msun ) or low-mass ( about 9 Msun ) stars .	We wish to determine parameters of the low-luminosity Type IIP supernova 2003Z , to estimate a mass-loss rate of the presupernova , and to recover a progenitor mass .	We compute the hydrodynamic models of the supernova to describe the light curves and the observed expansion velocities .	The wind density of the presupernova is estimated using a thin shell model for the interaction with circumstellar matter .	We estimate an ejecta mass of 14 Msun , an explosion energy of 2.45x10^50 erg , a presupernova radius of 229 Rsun , and a radioactive Ni-56 amount of 0.0063 Msun .
+0	Although supermassive black holes ( SMBHs ) correlate well with their host galaxies , there is an emerging view that outliers exist .	Henize 2-10 , NGC 4889 , and NGC1277 are examples of SMBHs at least an order of magnitude more massive than their host galaxy suggests .	The dynamical effects of such ultramassive central black holes is unclear .	Here , we perform direct N-body simulations of mergers of galactic nuclei where one black hole is ultramassive to study the evolution of the remnant and the black hole dynamics in this extreme regime .	We find that the merger remnant is axisymmetric near the center , while near the large SMBH influence radius , the galaxy is triaxial .
+1	In particular we examine the capability of determining the mass hierarchy pattern and the CP phase of the lepton-flavor-mixing matrix when a 100 kt water Cerenkov detector is placed at various locations in Korea for the off-axis beam ( OAB ) of 2.5 deg.and 3 deg .	We study physics potential of placing a far detector in the east coast of Korea , where the off-axis beam from J-PARC at Tokai village for the T2K project has significant intensity at a few GeV range .	at the Super-Kamiokande site .	The best results are found for a combination of 3 deg .	OAB at SK ( L = 295 km ) and 0.5 deg .
+2	We demonstrate a scheme to couple two independent mechanical oscillators , separated in frequency by 80kHz and situated far from each other ( 3.2km ) , via light .	Frequency-locking and other phenomena emerging from nonlinear interactions between mechanical oscillators are of scientific and technological importance .	However , existing schemes to observe such behaviour are not scalable over distance .	Using light as the coupling medium enables this scheme to have low loss and be extended over long distances .	This scheme is reversible and can be generalised for arbitrary network configurations .
+2	Combining the tensor form factor of the pion with the electromagnetic one , we determine the impact-parameter dependent probability density of transversely polarized quarks inside the pion .	We investigate the spin structure of the pion within the framework of the nonlocal chiral quark model from the instanton vacuum .	We first evaluate the tensor form factors of the pion for the first and second moment ( n=1,2 ) and compare it with the lattice data .	It turns out that the present numerical results for the tensor form factor as well as those for the probability density are in good agreement with the lattice data .	We also discuss the distortion of the spatial distribution of the quarks in the transverse plane inside the pion .
+3	Explicit counting formulas are conjectured .	We present several conjectures on the behavior and clustering properties of Jack polynomials at \emph { negative } parameter $ \alpha=-\frac { k+1 } { r-1 } $ , of partitions that violate the $ ( k , r , N ) $ admissibility rule of Feigin \emph { et.al . }	[ \onlinecite { feigin2002 } ] .	We find that `` highest weight '' Jack polynomials of specific partitions represent the minimum degree polynomials in $ N $ variables that vanish when $ s $ distinct clusters of $ k+1 $ particles are formed , with $ s $ and $ k $ positive integers .	The generalized clustering conditions are useful in a forthcoming description of fractional quantum Hall quasiparticles .
+1	Specifically , squarks are generally much heavier than sleptons if no tachyons are to appear before the GUT scale ~10^16 GeV , or even before 10 TeV .	The requirement that the MSSM remain an acceptable effective field theory up to energies beyond the weak scale constrains the sparticle spectrum , and hence the permissible ranges of cold dark matter neutralino-proton cross sections .	We display explicitly the allowed ranges of effective squark and slepton masses at the weak scale , and the cross-section ranges allowed if the MSSM is to remain valid without tachyons up to 10 TeV or the GUT scale .	The allowed areas in the cross section-mass plane for both spin-independent and spin-dependent scattering are significantly smaller than would be allowed if the MSSM were required to be valid only around the weak scale .	In addition to a reduction in the maximum cross section , the upper limit on the neutralino mass is greatly reduced when tachyons are avoided , particularly for smaller values of the squark masses .
+1	We present model equations which include effects of gravity , centrifugal force , pressure gradient force , Coriolis force , drag , magnetic tension and magnetic buoyancy .	We study the dynamics of toroidal magnetic flux tubes , symmetric about the rotation axis , inside non-magnetic thick accretion disks around black holes .	We solve them assuming the disk to be adiabatic .	We show that under a wide range of parameters describing the size and the field strength , as well as angular momentum distribution inside the disk , buoyant flux tubes , either released on the equatorial plane or at the outer edge of the disk , can gather in the chimney-like openings near the axis .	This behavior makes the chimneys magnetically most active and could shed light on the origin and acceleration of cosmic jets , as well as the variabilities observed in Blazars .
+4	Moreover , the prediction for the proton decay lifetime is at most an order of magnitude away from the present experimental limits .	We investigate correlation between gauge coupling unification , fermion mass spectrum , proton decay , perturbativity and ultraviolet cutoff within an SU ( 5 ) grand unified theory with minimal scalar content and an extra adjoint representation of fermions .	We find strong correlation between the upper bound on the mass of both the bosonic and fermionic SU ( 2 ) triplets and the cutoff .	The upper bound on the mass of fermionic triplet responsible for Type III seesaw mechanism is 10^ { 2.1 } GeV for the Planck scale cutoff .	In that case both the idea of grand unification and nature of seesaw mechanism could be tested at future collider experiments through the production of those particles .
+0	We provide a new derivation of the conditions of dynamical and thermodynamical stability of homogeneous and inhomogeneous isothermal distributions in the Hamiltonian Mean Field ( HMF ) model .	This proof completes the original thermodynamical approach of Inagaki [ Prog.Theor.Phys .	90 , 557 ( 1993 ) ] .	Our formalism , based on variational principles , is simple and the method can be applied to more general situations .	For example , it can be used to settle the dynamical stability of polytropic distributions with respect to the Vlasov equation [ Chavanis & amp ; Campa , arXiv:1001.2109 ] .
+0	Load disaggregation based on aided linear integer programming ( ALIP ) is proposed .	We start with a conventional linear integer programming ( IP ) based disaggregation and enhance it in several ways .	The enhancements include additional constraints , correction based on a state diagram , median filtering , and linear programming-based refinement .	With the aid of these enhancements , the performance of IP-based disaggregation is significantly improved .	The proposed ALIP system relies only on the instantaneous load samples instead of waveform signatures , and hence does not crucially depend on high sampling frequency .
+4	The new data are in line with the orientation-based unification of high-excitation radio-loud AGN , in that the dust torus becomes optically thin longwards of 30 micron .	Using the Herschel Space Observatory we have observed a representative sample of 87 powerful 3CR sources at redshift z & lt ; 1 .	The far-infrared ( FIR , 70-500 micron ) photometry is combined with mid-infrared ( MIR ) photometry from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer ( WISE ) and catalogued data to analyse the complete spectral energy distributions ( SEDs ) of each object from optical to radio wavelength .	To disentangle the contributions of different components , the SEDs are fitted with a set of templates to derive the luminosities of host galaxy starlight , dust torus emission powered by active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) and cool dust heated by stars .	The level of emission from relativistic jets is also estimated , in order to isolate the thermal host galaxy contribution .
+4	That paper also briefly discussed the overtwisted case .	The paper deals with topologically trivial Legendrian knots in tight and overtwisted contact 3-manifolds .	The first part contains a thorough exposition of the proof of the classification of topologically trivial Legendrian knots ( i.e.Legendrian knots bounding embedded 2-disks ) in tight contact 3-manifolds .	This part was essentially written more than 10 years ago , but only a short version , without the detailed proofs , was published ( in CRM Proc .	Lecture Notes , Vol.15 , 1998 ) .
+3	Those functions show how classical hyperbolic structures emerge from quantum mechanics in chaotic systems .	The classical invariants of a Hamiltonian system are expected to be derivable from the respective quantum spectrum .	In fact , semiclassical expressions relate periodic orbits with eigenfunctions and eigenenergies of classical chaotic systems .	Based on trace formulae , we construct smooth functions highly localized in the neighborhood of periodic orbits using only quantum information .	Finally , we discuss the proper quantum-classical link .
+4	In this paper we explore the consequences of having i . )	We propose a new class of dark matter models with unusual phenomenology .	What is ordinary about our models is that dark matter particles are WIMPs , they are weakly coupled to the Standard Model and have weak scale masses .	What is unusual is that they come in multiplets of a new `` dark '' non-Abelian gauge group with milli-weak coupling .	The massless dark gluons of this dark gauge group contribute to the energy density of the universe as a form of weakly self-interacting dark radiation .
+4	We interpret this transition as caused by the centrifugal barrier , or commonly known as the `propeller ' effect .	Aql X-1 is a soft X-ray transient source and emits type I X-ray bursts .	A spectral state transition was observed with RXTE during its outburst decay in February and March 1997 .	Its 10-30 keV and 5-10 keV count rate ratio increased suddenly when its luminosity was between ( 4-12 ) E35 ergs/s , assuming a 2.5 kpc distance .	Spectral fitting with a model composed of a blackbody and a power-law components showed that its blackbody component decreased and the power-law became much harder significantly and simultaneously .
+1	As these studies have been limited to doped Mott insulators , the important question arises how this compares with doped band insulators where similar el-ph couplings should be at work .	Much progress has been made recently in the study of the effects of electron-phonon ( el-ph ) coupling in doped insulators using angle resolved photoemission ( ARPES ) , yielding evidence for the dominant role of el-ph interactions in underdoped cuprates .	The archetypical case is the perovskite SrTiO $ _3 $ ( STO ) , well known for its giant dielectric constant of 10000 at low temperature , exceeding that of La $ _2 $ CuO $ _4 $ by a factor of 500 .	Based on this fact , it has been suggested that doped STO should be the archetypical bipolaron superconductor .	Here we report an ARPES study from high-quality surfaces of lightly doped SrTiO $ _3 $ .
+1	This explicit description implies almost-periodicity of every solution in $ H^ { \frac 12 } \_+ $ .	This monograph is an expanded version of the preprint arXiv:1402.1716 or hal-00943396v1.It is devoted to the dynamics on Sobolev spaces of the cubic Szeg { \ '' o } equation on the circle $ { \mathbb S } ^1 $ , $ $ i\partial \_t u=\Pi ( \vert u\vert ^2u ) \ . $ $ Here $ \Pi $ denotes the orthogonal projector from $ L^2 ( { \mathbb S } ^1 ) $ onto the subspace $ L^2\_+ ( { \mathbb S } ^1 ) $ of functions with nonnegative Fourier modes.We construct a nonlinear Fourier transformation on $ H^ { 1/2 } ( { \mathbb S } ^1 ) \cap L^2\_+ ( { \mathbb S } ^1 ) $ allowing to describe explicitly the solutions of this equationwith data in $ H^ { 1/2 } ( { \mathbb S } ^1 ) \cap L^2\_+ ( { \mathbb S } ^1 ) $ .	Furthermore , it allows to display the following turbulence phenomenon .	For a dense $ G\_\delta $ subset of initial data in $ C^\infty ( { \mathbb S } ^1 ) \cap L^2\_+ ( { \mathbb S } ^1 ) $ , the solutions tend to infinity in $ H^s $ for every $ s\textgreater { } \frac 12 $ with super -- polynomial growth on some sequence of times , while they go back to their initial data on another sequence of times tending to infinity .	This transformation is defined by solving a general inverse spectral problem involving singular values of a Hilbert -- Schmidt Hankel operator and of its shifted Hankel operator .
+1	It is known that this definition of the time scale for tunneling is not unique in the sense that it depends on the clock used to define it .	The tunneling time of particle through given barrier is commonly defined in terms of `` internal clocks '' which effectively measure the interaction time with internal degrees of freedom of the barrier .	For the case of resonance tunneling , a particular choice that in the limit of a high/broad square barrier yields the original result of Buttiker and Landauer ( Phys.Rev.Lett .	1982 , 49 , 1739 ) is correlated to the lifetime of the resonance state .	This is illustrated for analytically solvable one-dimensional double barrier models and for a realistic model of electron tunneling through a static water barrier .
+1	Specifically , it fits the energy distribution , N ( E ) , and the density profiles , including the central cusp .	It has been shown in previous work that DARKexp , which is a theoretically derived , maximum entropy , one shape parameter model for isotropic collisionless systems , provides very good fits to simulated and observed dark-matter halos .	Here , we extend DARKexp N ( E ) to include the distribution in angular momentum , L^2 , for spherically symmetric systems .	First , we argue , based on theoretical , semi-analytical , and simulation results , that while dark-matter halos are relaxed in energy , they are not nearly as relaxed in angular momentum , which precludes using maximum entropy to uniquely derive N ( E , L^2 ) .	Instead , we require that when integrating N ( E , L^2 ) over squared angular momenta one retrieves the DARKexp N ( E ) .
+0	We describe how causality and energy-momentum conservation constrain the superhorizon behaviour of perturbation variables in a general FRW spacetime .	The effect of intrinsic curvature upon the horizon scale is discussed and `white noise ' results for the power spectra of generic `causally-seeded ' superhorizon perturbations are obtained .	We present a detailed derivation of the superhorizon energy density power spectrum for curved universes , and provide elegant mathematical arguments for a curved universe analogue of the Bessel function addition theorem .	This yields physical insight into both the familiar $ k^4 $ result for flat space and the $ K \not= 0 $ case : curvature effects are seen to be evident from as early as half the curvature scale .	We consider the implications of these results for the physically and numerically significant issue of setting consistent initial conditions .
+4	The general expression for the thermal conductance we obtain fits existing experimental results with remarkable accuracy .	Radiative heat exchange at the nanoscale presents a challenge for several areas due to its scope and nature .	Here , we provide a thermokinetic description of microscale radiative energy transfer including phonon-photon coupling manifested through a non-Debye relaxation behavior .	We show that a lognormal-like distribution of modes of relaxation accounts for this non-Debye relaxation behavior leading to the thermal conductance .	We also discuss the validity of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem .
+1	We prove that , under mild conditions on the ( semiparametric ) form of the mixture density , the estimator is asymptotically normal .	The paper concerns the asymptotic distribution of the mixture density estimator , proposed by Oppenheim et al 2006 , in the aggregation/disaggregation problem of random parameter AR ( 1 ) process .	The proof is based on the limit theory for the quadratic form in linear random variables developed by Bhansali et al 2007 .	The moving average representation of the aggregated process is investigated .	A small simulation study illustrates the result .
+4	The resulting combination of moment of inertia , mass , and radius measurements for a single source will allow for new , stringent constraints on the dense-matter equation of state .	A precise moment of inertia measurement for PSR J0737-3039A in the double pulsar system is expected within the next five years .	We present here a new method of mapping the anticipated measurement of the moment of inertia directly into the neutron star structure .	We determine the maximum and minimum values possible for the moment of inertia of a neutron star of a given radius based on physical stability arguments , assuming knowledge of the equation of state only at densities below the nuclear saturation density .	If the equation of state is trusted up to the nuclear saturation density , we find that a measurement of the moment of inertia will place absolute bounds on the radius of PSR J0737-3039A to within $ \pm $ 1 km .
+1	We demonstrate how simple transformations of the Schr\ '' odinger equation leads to a coupled linear system , whereby each diagonal block is a high frequency Helmholtz problem .	The Schr\ '' odinger equation defines the dynamics of quantum particles which has been an area of unabated interest in physics .	Based on this model , we derive indefinite Helmholtz model problems with strongly varying wavenumbers .	We employ the iterative approach for their solution .	In particular , we develop a preconditioner that has its spectrum restricted to a quadrant ( of the complex plane ) thereby making it easily invertible by multigrid methods with standard components .
+4	The second inequality ensures that adjacent vertices have a bounded difference of their weights .	Threshold graphs are recursive deterministic network models that capture properties of certain social and economic interactions .	One drawback of these graph families is that they they have highly constrained generative attachment rules .	To mitigate this problem , we introduce a new class of graphs termed Doubly Threshold ( DT ) graphs which may be succinctly described through vertex weights that govern the existence of edges via two inequalities .	One inequality imposes the constraint that the sum of weights of adjacent vertices has to exceed a specified threshold .
+3	We focus on MSM contacts because they play an important role in HIV epidemics and have been tracked in Amsterdam for a long time .	Simulating the evolution of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) epidemic requires a detailed description of the population network , especially for small populations in which individuals can be represented in detail and accuracy .	In this paper , we introduce the concept of a Complex Agent Network ( CAN ) to model the HIV epidemics by combining agent-based modelling and complex networks , in which agents represent individuals that have sexual interactions .	The applicability of CANs is demonstrated by constructing and executing a detailed HIV epidemic model for men who have sex with men ( MSM ) in Amsterdam , including a distinction between steady and casual relationships .	Our experiments show good correspondence between the historical data of the Amsterdam cohort and the simulation results .
+3	Some properties are expressed with metrics for precise definition of requirements .	Secure orchestration is an important concern in the internet of service .	Next to providing the required functionality the composite services must also provide a reasonable level of security in order to protect sensitive data .	Thus , the orchestrator has a need to check whether the complex service is able to satisfy certain properties .	Thus , the problem is to analyse the values of metrics for a complex business process .
+4	We construct projective moduli spaces for the torsion free sheaves and demonstrate that they are smooth .	We continue our study of the noncommutative algebraic and differential geometry of a particular class of deformations of toric varieties , focusing on aspects pertinent to the construction and enumeration of noncommutative instantons on these varieties .	We develop a noncommutative version of twistor theory , which introduces a new example of a noncommutative four-sphere .	We develop a braided version of the ADHM construction and show that it parametrizes a certain moduli space of framed torsion free sheaves on a noncommutative projective plane .	We use these constructions to explicitly build instanton gauge bundles with canonical connections on the noncommutative four-sphere that satisfy appropriate anti-selfduality equations .
+1	Water maser emission is characteristic of oxygen-rich AGB stars , is observed in post-AGB stars and , unexpectedly , has been detected in three PNe ( IRAS17347-3139 , IRAS18061-2505 and IRAS19255+2123 ) where the physical conditions to generate water maser emission did not seem to exist .	Planetary Nebulae ( PNe ) evolve from Asymptotic Giant Branch ( AGB ) stars after a brief post-AGB phase .	These three objects may be considered as the youngest PNe known up to date and , therefore , they are key objects to understand the formation of PNe .	In addition , the existence of water maser PNe allow us to study every phase in the AGB to PN transition using water maser emission which can be observed at very high spatial and spectral resolution .	In this paper we review the properties of water maser emission in PNe , the existing observations of the three water maser emitting PNe and their implications in our understanding of PN formation and evolution .
+1	Our main result is the detection of a new anomaly at the 3-sigma level using temperature-weighted extrema correlation functions .	We present a careful frequentist analysis of one- and two-point statistics of the hot and cold spots in the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) data obtained by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) .	We obtain this result using a simple hypothesis test which reduces the maximum risk of a false detection to the same level as the claimed significance of the test .	We further present a detailed study of the robustness of our earlier claim ( Larson and Wandelt 2004 ) under variations in the noise model and in the resolution of the map .	Free software which implements our test is available online .
+3	This was confirmed by micromagnetic simulations .	We study in-plane magnetic tunnel junctions with additional perpendicular polarizer for subnanosecond-current-induced switching memories .	The spin-transfer-torque switching dynamics was studied as a function of the cell aspect ratio both experimentally and by numerical simulations using the macrospin model .	We show that the anisotropy field plays a significant role in the dynamics , along with the relative amplitude of the two spin-torque contributions .	Real-time measurements of the reversal were performed with samples of low and high aspect ratio .
+3	Our results reveal that FM plays an important role in the hyperfine mechanism .	The electron spin in a semiconductor quantum dot can be coherently controlled by an external electric field , an effect called electric-dipole spin resonance ( EDSR ) .	Several mechanisms can give rise to the EDSR effect , among which there is a hyperfine mechanism , where the spin-electric coupling is mediated by the electron-nucleus hyperfine interaction .	Here , we investigate the influence of frequency modulation ( FM ) on the spin-flip efficiency .	Without FM , the electric field almost can not flip the electron spin ; the spin-flip probability is only about 20 % .
+1	Until recently , atmospheric absorption and filter technology have limited our knowledge of any similar objects at z & lt ; 2 .	Lyman alpha blobs - luminous , spatially extended emission-line nebulae , often lacking bright continuum counterparts - are common in dense environments at high redshift .	We use GALEX slitless spectroscopy to search for similar objects in the rich environments of two known cluster and supercluster fields at z=0.8 , where the instrumental sensitivity peaks .	The regions around Cl 1054-0321 and Cl 0023+0423 were each observed in slitless-spectrum mode for 10-19 ksec , with accompanying direct images of 3-6 ksec to assist in recognizing continuum sources .	Using several detection techniques , we find no resolved Lyman alpha emitters to a flux limit of ( 1.5-9 ) x 10^ { -15 } erg/ cm^2 s , on size scales of 5-30 arcseconds .
+0	In the singularly perturbed limit corresponding to a large diffusivity ratio between two components in a reaction-diffusion ( RD ) system , quasi-equilibrium spot patterns are often admitted , producing a solution that concentrates at a discrete set of points in the domain .	In this paper , we derive and study the differential algebraic equation ( DAE ) that characterizes the slow dynamics for such spot patterns for the Brusselator RD model on the surface of a sphere .	Asymptotic and numerical solutions are presented for the system governing the spot strengths , and we describe the complex bifurcation structure and demonstrate the occurrence of imperfection sensitivity due to higher order effects .	Localized spot patterns can undergo a fast time instability and we derive the conditions for this phenomena , which depend on the spatial configuration of the spots and the parameters in the system .	In the absence of these instabilities , our numerical solutions of the DAE system for $ N = 2 $ to $ N = 8 $ spots suggest a large basin of attraction to a small set of possible steady-state configurations .
+1	The detector is made of three barrel layers and two disks at each end of the barrel .	The CMS experiment at the LHC includes a hybrid silicon pixel detector for the reconstruction of charged tracks and of the interaction vertices .	Detector modules consist of thin , segmented silicon sensors with highly integrated readout chips connected by the bump bonding technique .	In this paper we report on the progress of the detector construction and testing .	In addition , first results from the commissioning systems at CERN and PSI are presented .
+2	Nevertheless , a quantitative analysis of the topological properties of an immunological network involving this complex interchange of mediators among immune cells is still lacking .	Immune cells coordinate their efforts for the correct and efficient functioning of the immune system ( IS ) .	Each cell type plays a distinct role and communicates with other cell types through mediators such as cytokines , chemokines and hormones , among others , that are crucial for the functioning of the IS and its fine tuning .	Here we present a method for quantifying the relevance of different mediators in the immune network , which exploits a definition of centrality based on the concept of efficient communication .	The analysis , applied to the human immune system , indicates that its mediators significantly differ in their network relevance .
+4	We also present examples of new-physics theories in which this scaling is violated and larger effects in a_e are expected .	We argue that the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron ( a_e ) can be used to probe new physics .	We show that the present bound on new-physics contributions to a_e is 8*10^-13 , but the sensitivity can be improved by about an order of magnitude with new measurements of a_e and more refined determinations of alpha in atomic-physics experiments .	Tests on new-physics effects in a_e can play a crucial role in the interpretation of the observed discrepancy in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ( a_mu ) .	In a large class of models , new contributions to magnetic moments scale with the square of lepton masses and thus the anomaly in a_mu suggests a new-physics effect in a_e of ( 0.7 +- 0.2 ) *10^-13 .
+3	In particular , a scale-free network with the hierarchical organization is constructed without assuming any knowledge about the global linking structure , in contrast to the preferential attachment rule for a growing network .	The Erdos-Renyi classical random graph is characterized by a fixed linking probability for all pairs of vertices .	Here , this concept is generalized by drawing the linking probability from a certain distribution .	Such a procedure is found to lead to a static complex network with an arbitrary connectivity distribution .	The hierarchical and mixing properties of the static scale-free network thus constructed are studied .
+3	Here we present a simple approach for the activity in in-homogeneously stirred flows .	Many examples of chemical and biological processes take place in large-scale environmental flows .	Such flows generate filamental patterns which are often fractal due to the presence of chaos in the underlying advection dynamics .	In such processes , hydrodynamical stirring strongly couples into the reactivity of the advected species and might thus make the traditional treatment of the problem through partial differential equations difficult .	We show that the fractal patterns serving as skeletons and catalysts lead to a rate equation with a universal form that is independent of the flow , of the particle properties , and of the details of the active process .
+3	It is proven , up to some boundary effects , that charge is conserved and the total energy can be preserved with suitable choices of the numerical flux for the Maxwell equations and the underlying approximation spaces .	Discontinuous Galerkin methods are developed for solving the Vlasov-Maxwell system , methods that are designed to be systematically as accurate as one wants with provable conservation of mass and possibly total energy .	Such properties in general are hard to achieve within other numerical method frameworks for simulating the Vlasov-Maxwell system .	The proposed scheme employs discontinuous Galerkin discretizations for both the Vlasov and the Maxwell equations , resulting in a consistent description of the distribution function and electromagnetic fields .	Error estimates are established for several flux choices .
+1	In this paper , we study regularity of Newtonian functions based on quasi-Banach function lattices .	Newtonian spaces generalize first-order Sobolev spaces to abstract metric measure spaces .	Their ( weak ) quasi-continuity is established , assuming density of continuous functions .	The corresponding Sobolev capacity is shown to be an outer capacity .	Assuming sufficiently high integrability of upper gradients , Newtonian functions are shown to be ( essentially ) bounded and ( H\ '' older ) continuous .
+2	Graph similarity with known node correspondence , i.e.the detection of changes in the connectivity of graphs , arises in numerous settings .	How much did a network change since yesterday ?	How different is the wiring between Bob 's brain ( a left-handed male ) and Alice 's brain ( a right-handed female ) ?	In this work , we formally state the axioms and desired properties of the graph similarity functions , and evaluate when state-of-the-art methods fail to detect crucial connectivity changes in graphs .	We propose DeltaCon , a principled , intuitive , and scalable algorithm that assesses the similarity between two graphs on the same nodes ( e.g.employees of a company , customers of a mobile carrier ) .
+0	We investigate the influence of the variations of energy spectrum of non-thermal electrons on the resulting GOES classes of solar flares .	Twelve observed flares with various soft to hard X-ray emission ratios were modelled using different non-thermal electron energy distributions .	Initial values of the flare physical parameters including geometrical properties were estimated using observations .	We found that , for a fixed total energy of non-thermal electrons in a flare , the resulting GOES class of the flare can be changed significantly by varying the spectral index and low energy cut-off of the non-thermal electron distribution .	Thus , the GOES class of a flare depends not only on the total non-thermal electrons energy but also on the electron beam parameters .
+1	The simulation that produces a realistic late-type galaxy , fails to reproduce existing observations of the CGM .	We analyze circumgalactic medium ( CGM ) in a suite of high-resolution cosmological re-simulations of a Milky-Way size galaxy and show that CGM properties are quite sensitive to details of star formation -- feedback loop modelling .	In contrast , simulation that does not produce a realistic galaxy has the predicted CGM in better agreement with observations .	This illustrates that properties of galaxies and properties of their CGM provide strong $ { \it complementary } $ constraints on the processes governing galaxy formation .	Our simulations predict that column density profiles of ions are well described by an exponential function of projected distance $ d $ : $ N \propto e^ { -d/h_s } $ .
+0	We predict a new effect in electronic bilayers : the { \it Spin Hall Drag } .	The effect consists in the generation of spin accumulation across one layer by an electric current along the other layer .	It arises from the combined action of spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions .	Our theoretical analysis , based on the Boltzmann equation formalism , identifies two main contributions to the spin Hall drag resistivity : the side-jump contribution , which dominates at low temperature , going as $ T^2 $ , and the skew-scattering contribution , which is proportional to $ T^3 $ .	The induced spin accumulation is large enough to be detected in optical rotation experiments .
+1	This test is based on a straightforward application of Donsker 's Theorem to the intervals of time transformed counting processes .	After an elementary derivation of the `` time transformation '' , mapping a counting process onto a homogeneous Poisson process with rate one , a brief review of Ogata 's goodness of fit tests is presented and a new test , the `` Wiener process test '' , is proposed .	The finite sample properties of the test are studied by Monte Carlo simulations .	Performances on simulated as well as on real data are presented .	It is argued that due to its good finite sample properties , the new test is both a simple and a useful complement to Ogata 's tests .
+1	In this paper , we investigate this approach to the dS/CFT correspondence in further detail .	Maldacena has shown that the wavefunction of the universe in de Sitter space can be viewed as the partition function of a conformal field theory .	We emphasize that massive bulk fields are dual to two primary operators on the boundary , which encode information about the two independent behaviors of bulk expectation values at late times .	An operator statement of the duality is given , and it is shown that the resulting boundary correlators can be interpreted as transition amplitudes from the Bunch-Davies vacuum to an excited state in the infinite future .	We also explain how these scattering amplitudes can be used to compute late-time Bunch-Davies expectation values , and comment on the effects of anomalies in the dual CFT on such expectation values .
+0	The interactions of charm and bottom quarks in a Quark-Gluon Plasma ( QGP ) are evaluated using a thermodynamic 2-body T-matrix .	We specifically focus on heavy-quark ( HQ ) interactions with thermal gluons with an input potential motivated by lattice-QCD computations of the HQ free energy .	The latter is implemented into a field-theoretic ansatz for color-Coulomb and ( remnants of ) confining interactions .	This , in particular , enables to discuss corrections to the potential approach , specifically hard-thermal-loop corrections to the vertices , relativistic corrections deduced from pertinent Feynman diagrams , and a suitable projection on transverse thermal gluons .	The resulting potentials are applied to compute scattering amplitudes in different color channels and utilized for a calculation of the corresponding HQ drag coefficient in the QGP .
+3	A full derivation of the Langevin diffusion on a Riemannian manifold is given , together with a discussion of appropriate Riemannian metric choice for different problems .	Recent work incorporating geometric ideas in Markov chain Monte Carlo is reviewed in order to highlight these advances and their possible application in a range of domains beyond Statistics .	A full exposition of Markov chains and their use in Monte Carlo simulation for Statistical inference and molecular dynamics is provided , with particular emphasis on methods based on Langevin diffusions .	After this geometric concepts in Markov chain Monte Carlo are introduced .	A survey of applications is provided , and some open questions are discussed .
+0	We study the task of online boosting -- combining online weak learners into an online strong learner .	While batch boosting has a sound theoretical foundation , online boosting deserves more study from the theoretical perspective .	In this paper , we carefully compare the differences between online and batch boosting , and propose a novel and reasonable assumption for the online weak learner .	Based on the assumption , we design an online boosting algorithm with a strong theoretical guarantee by adapting from the offline SmoothBoost algorithm that matches the assumption closely .	We further tackle the task of deciding the number of weak learners using established theoretical results for online convex programming and predicting with expert advice .
+4	Any distribution of matter inside the surface leads to the same universal value for the entropy in the quasihorizon limit .	We trace the origin of the black hole entropy S replacing a black hole by a quasiblack hole .	Let the boundary of a static body approach its own gravitational radius , in such a way that a quasihorizon forms .	We show that if the body is thermal with the temperature taking the Hawking value at the quasihorizon limit , it follows , in the nonextremal case , from the first law of thermodynamics that the entropy approaches the Bekenstein-Hawking value S=A/4 .	In this setup , the key role is played by the surface stresses on the quasihorizon and one finds that the entropy comes from the quasihorizon surface .
+3	The corresponding semiclassical solution , on the other hand , has a spacelike singularity and a Penrose diagram like that of an electrically neutral black hole .	The semiclassical geometry of charged black holes is studied in the context of a two-dimensional dilaton gravity model where effects due to pair-creation of charged particles can be included in a systematic way .	The classical mass-inflation instability of the Cauchy horizon is amplified and we find that gravitational collapse of charged matter results in a spacelike singularity that precludes any extension of the spacetime geometry .	At the classical level , a static solution describing an eternal black hole has timelike singularities and multiple asymptotic regions .	Extremal black holes are destabilized by pair-creation of charged particles .
+3	Such results have direct applications in controlling antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains when the dynamics is naturally confined in the largest excitation subspace .	Symmetry is a fundamentally important concept in many branches of physics .	In this work , we discuss two types of symmetries , external symmetry and internal symmetry , which appear frequently in controlled quantum spin chains and apply them to study various controllability problems .	For spin chains under single local end control when external symmetries exists , we can rigorously prove that the system is controllable in each of the invariant subspaces for both XXZ and XYZ chains , but not for XX or Ising chains .	We also address the theoretically important question of minimal control resources to achieve full controllability over the entire spin chain space .
+4	Implications for the phase diagram are analyzed , finding agreement with numerical results and extrapolation shows hints for Sorkin 's critical dimension - a dimension where the transition turns second order .	The `` dialogue of multipoles '' matched asymptotic expansion for small black holes in the presence of compact dimensions is extended to the Post-Newtonian order for arbitrary dimensions .	Divergences are identified and are regularized through the matching constants , a method valid to all orders and known as Hadamard 's partie finie .	It is closely related to `` subtraction of self-interaction '' and shows similarities with the regularization of quantum field theories .	The black hole 's mass and tension ( and the `` black hole Archimedes effect '' ) are obtained explicitly at this order , and a Newtonian derivation for the leading term in the tension is demonstrated .
+1	We derive a closed-autonomous system for cosmological dynamics in this scenario .	A model of phantom scalar field dark energy under exponential potential coupling to barotropic dark matter fluid in loop quantum cosmology is addressed here .	The expansion in loop quantum universe has a bounce even in presence of the phantom field .	The greater decaying from dark matter to dark phantom energy results in greater energy storing in the phantom field .	This results in further turning point of the field .
+0	We show that the inherent entanglement of the ground state of strongly correlated systems can be exploited for both classical and quantum communications .	Our strategy is based on a single qubit rotation which encodes information in the entangled nature of the ground state .	In classical communication , our mechanism conveys more than one bit of information in each shot , just as dense coding does , without demanding long range entanglement .	In our scheme for quantum communication , which may more appropriately be considered as a remote state preparation , the quality is higher than the highly studied attaching scenarios .	Moreover , we propose to implement this new way of communication in optical lattices where all the requirements of our proposal have already been achieved .
+2	In-house meshes were constructed with increasing mesh density for analysis .	This paper presents flow simulation results of the EUROLIFT DLR-F11 multi-element wing configuration , obtained with a highly scalable finite element solver , PHASTA .	This work was accomplished as a part of the 2nd high lift prediction workshop .	A solution adaptive approach was used as an alternative and its effectiveness was studied by comparing its results with the ones obtained with other meshes .	Comparisons between the numerical solution obtained with unsteady RANS turbulence model and available experimental results are provided for verification and discussion .
+0	The restrictions of target -- space duality are imposed at the perturbative level on the holomorphic Wilsonian couplings that encode certain higher-order gravitational interactions in $ N=2 , D=4 $ heterotic string compactifications .	A crucial role is played by non-holomorphic corrections .	The requirement of symplectic covariance and an associated symplectic anomaly equation play an important role in determining their form .	For models which also admit a type-II description , this equation coincides with the holomorphic anomaly equation for type-II compactifications in the limit that a specific K\ '' ahler-class modulus grows large .	We explicitly evaluate some of the higher-order couplings for a toroidal compactification with two moduli $ T $ and $ U $ , and we express them in terms of modular forms .
+2	Conversely , transmission spikes in the GP trough , and the evolution of the \lya galaxy luminosity function indicate $ x_ { HI } & lt ; 0.5 $ at $ z\sim 6.5 $ , while the large scale polarization of the cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) implies a significant ionization fraction extending to higher redshifts , $ z \sim 11 \pm 3 $ .	Recent observations have set the first constraints on the epoch of reionization ( EoR ) , corresponding to the formation epoch of the first luminous objects .	Studies of Gunn-Peterson ( GP ) absorption , and related phenomena , suggest a qualitative change in the state of the intergalactic medium ( IGM ) at $ z \sim 6 $ , indicating a rapid increase in the neutral fraction of the IGM , from $ x_ { HI } & lt ; 10^ { -4 } $ at $ z \le 5.5 $ , to $ x_ { HI } & gt ; 10^ { -3 } $ , perhaps up to 0.1 , at $ z \ge 6 $ .	The results suggest that reionization is less an event than a process , with the process beginning as early as $ z \sim 14 $ , and with the 'percolation ' , or 'overlap ' phase ending at $ z \sim 6 $ .	The data are consistent with low luminosity star forming galaxies as being the dominant sources of reionizing photons .
+2	Although QUaD-only parameter constraints are not competitive with previous results for the standard 6-parameter LCDM cosmology , they do allow meaningful polarization-only parameter analyses for the first time .	In this paper we present a parameter estimation analysis of the polarization and temperature power spectra from the second and third season of observations with the QUaD experiment .	QUaD has for the first time detected multiple acoustic peaks in the E-mode polarization spectrum with high significance .	In a standard 6-parameter LCDM analysis we find the QUaD TT power spectrum to be in good agreement with previous results .	However , the QUaD polarization data shows some tension with LCDM .
+3	In two and in three dimensions , when both incipient orders are quantum critical , we find that the specific heat , thermal expansion and Gr\ '' { u } neisen parameter obey the same power laws as those expected for a single ferromagnetic quantum critical point .	Several quantum critical compounds have been argued to have multiple instabilities towards orders with distinct dynamical exponents .	We present an analysis of a quantum multicritical point in an itinerant magnet with competition between ferro- and antiferromagnetic order , modelled using Hertz-Millis theory .	We perform a one-loop renormalization group treatment of this action in the presence of two dynamical exponents .	The antiferromagnetic correlation length and boundary of the antiferromagnetic ordered phase are suppressed by the dangerously irrelevant interactions with quantum critical ferromagnetic fluctuations .
+4	In so doing , they characterize a theoretically important but elusive feature of innovation .	This paper outlines a framework for the study of innovation that treats discoveries as additions to evolving networks .	As inventions enter they expand or limit the reach of the ideas they build on by influencing how successive discoveries use those ideas .	The approach is grounded in novel measures of the extent to which an innovation amplifies or disrupts the status quo .	Those measures index the effects inventions have on subsequent uses of prior discoveries .
+0	We propose a mechanism to produce fluctuations in the viscosity parameter ( $ \alpha $ ) in differetially rotating discs .	We carried out a nonlinear analysis of a general accretion flow , where any perturbation on the background $ \alpha $ was treated as a passive/slave variable in the sense of dynamical system theory .	We demonstrate a complete physical picture of growth , saturation and final degradation of the perturbation as a result of the nonlinear nature of coupled system of equations .	The strong dependence of this fluctuation on the radial location in the accretion disc and the base angular momentum distribution is demonstrated .	The growth of fluctuations is shown to have a time scale comparable to the radial drift time and hence the physical significance is discussed .
+0	A subfactor is an inclusion $ N \subset M $ of von Neumann algebras with trivial centers .	The simplest example comes from the fixed points of a group action $ M^G \subset M $ , and subfactors can be thought of as fixed points of more general group-like algebraic structures .	These algebraic structures are closely related to tensor categories and have played important roles in knot theory , quantum groups , statistical mechanics , and topological quantum field theory .	There 's a measure of size of a subfactor , called the index .	Remarkably the values of the index below 4 are quantized , which suggests that it may be possible to classify subfactors of small index .
+1	We analyze a deep ( 1.1 Ms ) observation of the Coma cluster with the ISGRI imager on board the \emph { INTEGRAL } satellite .	We explore the morphology of hard ( 18-30 keV ) X-ray emission from the Coma cluster of galaxies .	We show that the source extension in the North-East to South-West ( SW ) direction ( $ \sim 17 ' $ ) significantly exceeds the size of the point spread function of ISGRI , and that the centroid of the image of the source in the 18-30 keV band is displaced in the SW direction compared to the centroid in the 1-10 keV band .	To test the nature of the SW extension we fit the data assuming different models of source morphology .	The best fit is achieved with a diffuse source of elliptical shape , although an acceptable fit can be achieved assuming an additional point source SW of the cluster core .
+2	Often , control and communication paths within the system are tightly coupled to the actual physical configuration of the robot .	Programming robots is a complicated and time-consuming task .	A robot is essentially a real-time , distributed embedded system .	Thus , programming a robot is a very challenging task for domain experts who do not have a dedicated background in robotics .	In this paper we present an approach towards a domain specific language , which is intended to reduce the efforts and the complexity which is required when developing robotic applications .
+2	The affinity between crowd members is learned through an online formulation of the Structural SVM framework and a set of specifically designed features characterizing both their physical and social identity , inspired by Proxemic theory , Granger causality , DTW and Heat-maps .	Modern crowd theories agree that collective behavior is the result of the underlying interactions among small groups of individuals .	In this work , we propose a novel algorithm for detecting social groups in crowds by means of a Correlation Clustering procedure on people trajectories .	To adhere to sociological observations , we introduce a loss function ( G-MITRE ) able to deal with the complexity of evaluating group detection performances .	We show our algorithm achieves state-of-the-art results when relying on both ground truth trajectories and tracklets previously extracted by available detector/tracker systems .
+0	We report density functional study of alternate fullerene-like cage structures and finite closed capped single-wall nanotubes of aluminum nitride .	The cages and nanotubes studied are modeled as Al24N24 , Al28N28 , Al32N32 , Al36N36 , Al48N48 , and Al96N96 .	The structure optimization and calculation of the electronic structure , vertical ionization potential , and the electron affinity are performed at the all electron level by the analytic Slater-Roothaan method , using polarized Gaussian basis set of double zeta quality .	All structures are energetically stable with binding energy of about 10-11 eV per AlN pair .	For the larger Al96N96 , the fullerene like cage is energetically less favorable than the two-shell cluster that has Al24N24 as an inner shell .
+2	We analyze a model , where a stable protein is synthesized in random bursts , and the frequency with which bursts occur varies within the cell cycle .	Expression of many genes varies as a cell transitions through different cell-cycle stages .	How coupling between stochastic expression and cell cycle impacts cell-to-cell variability ( noise ) in the level of protein is not well understood .	Formulas quantifying the extent of fluctuations in the protein copy number are derived and decomposed into components arising from the cell cycle and stochastic processes .	The latter stochastic component represents contributions from bursty expression and errors incurred during partitioning of molecules between daughter cells .
+2	Even though we do not have a general proof , we find that all examples are at the boundary of the theory 's validity : the Donaldson-Uhlenbeck-Yau equations , which can be thought of as vanishing D-term conditions , can not be satisfied inside the Kaehler cone unless a growing number of scalar Vacuum Expectation Values ( VEVs ) is switched on .	We consider heterotic E8xE8 supergravity compactified on smooth Calabi-Yau manifolds with line bundle gauge backgrounds .	Infinite sets of models that satisfy the Bianchi identities and flux quantization conditions can be constructed by letting their background flux quanta grow without bound .	As they are charged under various line bundles simultaneously , the gauge background gets deformed by these VEVs to a non-Abelian bundle .	In general , our physical expectation is that such infinite sets of models should be impossible , since they never seem to occur in exact CFT constructions .
+4	A generalized eigenfunction expansion of the transition operators is derived .	We study one-dimensional Levy processes with Levy-Khintchine exponent psi ( xi^2 ) , where psi is a complete Bernstein function .	These processes are subordinate Brownian motions corresponding to subordinators , whose Levy measure has completely monotone density ; or , equivalently , symmetric Levy processes whose Levy measure has completely monotone density on the positive half-line .	Examples include symmetric stable processes and relativistic processes .	The main result is a formula for the generalized eigenfunctions of transition operators of the process killed after exiting the half-line .
+2	These results are better than similar observing campaigns using standard CCD imagers .	We observed the young open cluster NGC 2301 for 14 nights in Feb. 2004 using the orthogonal transfer CCD camera ( OPTIC ) .	We used PSF shaping techniques ( `` square stars '' ) during the observations allowing a larger dynamic range ( 4.5 magnitudes ) of high photometric precision results ( $ \le $ 2 mmag ) to be obtained .	This paper discusses our observational techniques and presents initial results for the variability statistics found in NGC 2301 .	Details of the variability statistics as functions of color , variability type , stellar type , and cluster location will appear in paper II .
+1	We show that in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe with negative curvature there is a necessary ingredient for the existence of the thermodynamical arrow of time .	We advance a new viewpoint on the connection between the the thermodynamical and cosmological arrows of time , which can be traced via the properties of Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) radiation .	It is based on the dynamical instability of motion along null geodesics in a hyperbolic space .	Together with special ( de-correlated ) initial conditions , this mechanism is sufficient for the thermodynamical arrow , whereas the special initial conditions alone are able to generate only a pre-arrow of time .	Since the negatively curved space will expand forever , this provides a direct connection between the thermodynamical and cosmological arrows of time .
+4	By contrast , if the single control input acts on the right end of the spatial domain , the linearized system is exactly controllable if and only if the length of the spatial domain does not belong to a set of critical values .	This paper is devoted to study boundary controllability of the Korteweg-de Vries equation posed on a finite interval , in which , because of the third-order character of the equation , three boundary conditions are required to secure the well-posedness of the system .	We consider the cases where one , two , or all three of those boundary data are employed as boundary control inputs .	The system is first linearized around the origin and the corresponding linear system is shown to be exactly boundary controllable if using two or three boundary control inputs .	In the case where only one control input is allowed to be used , the linearized system is known to be only \emph { null } controllable if the single control input acts on the left end of the spatial domain .
+3	Thus , resource buying games can be seen as a variant of congestion games in which the load-dependent costs of the resources can be shared arbitrarily among the players .	In resource buying games a set of players jointly buys a subset of a finite resource set E ( e.g. , machines , edges , or nodes in a digraph ) .	The cost of a resource e depends on the number ( or load ) of players using e , and has to be paid completely by the players before it becomes available .	Each player i needs at least one set of a predefined family S_i in 2^E to be available .	A strategy of player i in resource buying games is a tuple consisting of one of i 's desired configurations S_i together with a payment vector p_i in R^E_+ indicating how much i is willing to contribute towards the purchase of the chosen resources .
+2	We suggest that the term `` hidden momentum '' be abandoned .	Whereas nonrelativistic mechanics always connects the total momentum of a system to the motion of the center of mass , relativistic systems , such as interacting electromagnetic charges , can have internal linear momentum in the absence of motion of the center of energy of the system .	This internal linear momentum of the system is related to the controversial concept of `` hidden momentum . ''	Here we use the relativistic conservation law for the center of energy to give an unambiguous definition of the `` internal momentum of a system , '' and then we exhibit this internal momentum for the system of a magnet ( modeled as a circular ring of moving charges ) and a distant static point charge .	The calculations provide clear illustrations of this system for three cases : a ) the moving charges of the magnet are assumed to continue in their unperturbed motion , b ) the moving charges of the magnet are free to accelerate but have no mutual interactions , and c ) the moving charges of the magnet are free to accelerate and also interact with each other .
+0	The Wilson contour integral approach is applied to resum the soft gluon radiative correctins to the quark form factors in the Sudakov regime .	The one-loop order results for the quark-photon ( color singlet form factor ) and quark-gluon ( color non-singlet form factor ) vertices are presented .	The explicit expressions for the vacuum averaged contour integrals in $ g^2 $ accuracy are derived for an arbitrary gauge field .	The corresponding one-loop cusp anomalous dimensions are found in the case of perturbative gluon field in arbitrary covariant gauge .	It is shown that the gauge dependence drops out from the leading high energy behavior .
+0	We describe Spitzer images of a sample of dwarf and low surface brightness galaxies , using the high sensitivity and spatial resolution to explore the morphologies of dust in these galaxies .	For the starbursting dwarf UGC 10445 , we present a complete infrared spectral energy distribution and modeling of its individual dust components .	We find that its diffuse cold ( T~19K ) dust component extends beyond its near-infrared disk and speculate that the most plausible source of heating is ultraviolet photons from starforming complexes .	We find that the mass of T~19K dust in UGC 10445 is surprisingly large , with a lower limit of 3 x 10^6 M_solar .	We explore the implications of having such a high dust content on the nature and evolution of the galaxy .
+4	For an ultimately scaled single atom/spring junction , the matching criteria transforms to the arithmetic mean for mass and the harmonic mean for spring constant .	We extend concepts from microwave engineering to thermal interfaces and explore the principles of impedance matching in 1D .	The extension is based on the generalization of acoustic impedance to non linear dispersions using the contact broadening matrix $ \Gamma ( \omega ) $ , extracted from the phonon self energy .	For a single junction , we find that for coherent and incoherent phonons the optimal thermal conductance occurs when the matching $ \Gamma ( \omega ) $ equals the Geometric Mean ( GM ) of the contact broadenings .	This criteria favors the transmission of both low and high frequency phonons by requiring that ( 1 ) the low frequency acoustic impedance of the junction matches that of the two contacts by minimizing the sum of interfacial resistances ; and ( 2 ) the cut-off frequency is near the minimum of the two contacts , thereby reducing the spillage of the states into the tunneling regime .
+4	Furthermore , when the grain boundary energies of all 190 boundaries in all three elements are plotted against the vacancy binding energies of the same boundaries , a highly negative correlation ( r = -0.7144 ) is revealed that has a linear fit with a proportionality constant of -25 ang^2 .	Molecular static simulations of 190 symmetric tilt grain boundaries in HCP metals were used to understand the energetics of vacancy segregation , which is important for designing stable interfaces in harsh environments .	Simulation results show that the local arrangements of grain boundaries and the resulting structural units have a significant influence on the magnitude of vacancy binding energies , and the site-to-site variation within each boundary is substantial .	Comparing the vacancy binding energies for each site in different c/a ratio materials shows that the binding energy increases significantly with an increase in c/a ratio .	For example , in the [ 1-210 ] tilt axis , Ti and Zr with c/a=1.5811 have a lower vacancy binding energy than the Mg with c/a=1.6299 .
+2	Spirals seem to live until decline that is , for several tens of orbital periods .	In the first part of this article , we review the observational evidence for spirals in the accretion discs of cataclysmic variables .	It is shown that with the increasing amount of data available , spirals appear to be an omnipresent feature of accretion discs in outburst .	We then study the formation of spiral shocks from a theoretical side , using the results of various numerical simulations .	We make a comparison between observations and theory and briefly discuss the implications of the presence of spirals in the discs of cataclysmic variables .
+4	On the other hand , the proper motion of K 3-35 as a whole was esti- mated to be { \mu } { \alpha } = -3.34+/-0.10 mas yr-1 , { \mu } { \delta } = -5.93+/-0.07 mas yr-1 .	In this paper we present the results of very long baseline interferometry ( VLBI ) ob- servations carried out with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry ( VERA ) array and the Very Long Baseline Array ( VLBA ) toward H2O masers in a young planetary nebula K 3-35 .	From the VERA observations we measured the annual parallax and proper mo- tion of a bright water maser spot in K 3-35 .	The resulting distance is D = 3.9+0.7 kpc .	-0.5 This is the first time that the parallax of a planetary nebula is obtained by observations of its maser emission .
+0	A major challenge in single particle reconstruction from cryo-electron microscopy is to establish a reliable ab-initio three-dimensional model using two-dimensional projection images with unknown orientations .	Common-lines based methods estimate the orientations without additional geometric information .	However , such methods fail when the detection rate of common-lines is too low due to the high level of noise in the images .	An approximation to the least squares global self consistency error was obtained using convex relaxation by semidefinite programming .	In this paper we introduce a more robust global self consistency error and show that the corresponding optimization problem can be solved via semidefinite relaxation .
+3	These predictions are confirmed by computer simulations .	Thin films are usually obtained by depositing atoms with a continuous flux .	We show that using a chopped flux changes the growth and the morphology of the film .	A simple scaling analysis predicts how the island densities change as a function of the frequency of the chopped flux in simple cases where aggregation is irreversible .	We show that the model can be used to obtain information on the diffusion or the evaporation of the adatoms .
+2	We analyze the magnetic state within density functional theory and provide evidence that magnetism is not an intrinsic property of the two-dimensional electron liquid at the interface .	Ferromagnetism and superconductivity are in most cases adverse .	However , recent experiments reveal that they coexist at interfaces of LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 .	We demonstrate that the robust ferromagnetic state is induced by the oxygen vacancies in SrTiO3- or in the LaAlO3-layer .	This allows for the notion that areas with increased density of oxygen vacancies produce ferromagnetic puddles and account for the previous observation of a superparamagnetic behavior in the superconducting state .
+2	Emission is produced by two counter-streaming beams within the outer gaps , at distances above ~ 20 NS radii .	We discuss growing evidence that pulsar high energy is emission is generated via Inverse Compton mechanism .	We reproduce the broadband spectrum of Crab pulsar , from UV to very high energy gamma-rays - nearly ten decades in energy , within the framework of the cyclotron-self-Compton model .	The outward moving beam produces UV-X-ray photons via Doppler-booster cyclotron emission , and GeV photons by Compton scattering the cyclotron photons produced by the inward going beam .	The scattering occurs in the deep Klein-Nishina regime , whereby the IC component provides a direct measurement of particle distribution within the magnetosphere .
+4	The high transmittivity and the negative value of the dielectric constant at selected frequencies make our substrateless structures ideal candidates for the fabrication of mid-infrared metamaterials .	We report on the fabrication and mid-infrared transmission properties of free-standing thin metal films , periodically patterned with holes at periods down to 2 microns and area of 3x3 mm2 .	Square grids were fabricated by electron beam lithography and deep-etching techniques and display substrateless holes , with the metal being supported by a patterned dielectric silicon nitride membrane .	The mid-infrared transmission spectra of the substrateless grid display extraordinary transmission peaks and resonant absorption lines with a Q-factor up to 22 .	These spectral features are due to the interaction of the radiation with surface plasmon modes .
+1	As already reported , IC 342 source 1 showed short-term X-ray intensity variability by a factor of 2.0 on a typical time scale of 10 ks .	Using the X-ray data taken with ASCA , a detailed analysis was made of intensity and spectral variations of three ultra-luminous extra-galactic compact X-ray sources ( ULXs ) ; IC 342 source 1 , M81 X-6 , and NGC 1313 source B , all exhibiting X-ray luminosity in the range 10^ { 39 } -1.5x10^ { 40 } erg s^ { -1 } .	M81 X-6 varied by a factor of 1.6 across seven observations spanning 3 years , while NGC 1313 source B varied by a factor of 2.5 between two observations conducted in 1993 July and 1995 November .	The ASCA spectra of these sources , acquired on these occasions , were all described successfully as optically-thick emission from standard accretion disks around black holes .	This confirms previous ASCA works which explained ULXs as mass-accreting massive black-hole binaries .
+2	This is in agreement with the dark matter profiles predicted by numerical simulations .	We have analyzed the galaxy number density and luminosity density profiles of rich clusters of galaxies from redshifts z=0 to z=0.5 .	We show that the luminosity profile computed with bright galaxies is significantly cusped in the center of the clusters , whatever the redshift .	The galaxy number density profile for the bright galaxies is fitted equally well with a core model or a cusped model .	In contrast , the luminosity and the galaxy number density profiles of the fainter galaxies are significantly better fitted by a core rather than a cusp model .
+0	We present a simple direct discretization for functionals used in the variational mesh generation and adaptation .	Meshing functionals are discretized on simplicial meshes and the Jacobian matrix of the continuous coordinate transformation is approximated by the Jacobian matrices of affine mappings between elements .	The advantage of this direct geometric discretization is that it preserves the basic geometric structure of the continuous functional , which is useful in preventing strong decoupling or loss of integral constraints satisfied by the functional .	Moreover , the discretized functional is a function of the coordinates of mesh vertices and its derivatives have a simple analytical form , which allows a simple implementation of variational mesh generation and adaptation on computer .	Since the variational mesh adaptation is the base for a number of adaptive moving mesh and mesh smoothing methods , the result in this work can be used to develop simple implementations of those methods .
+1	This instrument employed a proportional and scintillation counter to provide sensitivity to photons in the 2 - 400 keV range , providing a unique opportunity to characterize the largely unexplored X-ray properties of gamma-ray bursts .	We summarize the spectral characteristics of a sample of 22 bright gamma-ray bursts detected with the gamma-ray burst sensors aboard the satellite Ginga .	The photon spectra of the Ginga bursts are well described by a low energy slope , a bend energy , and a high energy slope .	In the energy range where they can be compared , this result is consistent with burst spectral analyses obtained from the BATSE experiment aboard the Compton Observatory .	However , below 20 keV we find evidence for a positive spectral number index in approximately 40 % of our burst sample , with some evidence for a strong rolloff at lower energies in a few events .
+1	The rules of the semi-graphoid axiom ( decomposition , weak union and contraction ) for conditional independence statements can be translated into a simple identity among three semi-elementary imsets .	We study properties of semi-elementary imsets and elementary imsets introduced by Studeny ( 2005 ) .	By recursively applying the identity , any semi-elementary imset can be written as a sum of elementary imsets , which we call a representation of the semi-elementary imset .	A semi-elementary imset has many representations .	We study properties of the set of possible representations of a semi-elementary imset and prove that all representations are connected by relations among four elementary imsets .
+1	Coalson et al. , J. Chem.Phys .	A previously developed field-theoretic model [ R.D .	102 , 4584 ( 1995 ) ] that treats core collisions and Coulomb interactions on the same footing is investigated in order to understand ion size effects on the partition of neutral and charged particles at planar interfaces and the ionic selectivity of slit nanopores .	We introduce a variational scheme that can go beyond the mean-field ( MF ) regime and couple in a consistent way pore modified core interactions , steric effects , electrostatic solvation and image-charge forces , and surface charge induced electrostatic potential .	We show that in the dilute limit , the MF and the variational theories agree well with MC simulation results , in contrast to a recent RPA method .
+1	The lowest order secularity conditions from the multiscale expansion give a partial differential equation of the form of the nonlinear Schrodinger ( NLS ) equation .	We conjecture an integrability and linearizability test for dispersive Z^2-lattice equations by using a discrete multiscale analysis .	If the starting lattice equation is integrable then the resulting NLS equation turns out to be integrable , while if the starting equation is linearizable we get a linear Schrodinger equation .	On the other hand , if we start with a non-integrable lattice equation we may obtain a non-integrable NLS equation .	This conjecture is confirmed by many examples .
+4	We show that the normal electron and hole DOS functions demonstrate typical condensates double peak structures on the background of the excitonic pair formation quasiparticle spectra and we have found the evidence of the hybridization gap in the case of high-temperature limit , and small interlayer coupling parameter .	We consider the single-particle density of states ( DOS ) in the strongly correlated double layer ( DL ) system , without applied external fields .	We demonstrate an unusual collapse effect in the spectrum of the normal single-particle spectral function at the particular high-symmetry point corresponding to the specific bunching-point solution of the chemical potential in the Frenkel channel .	We show that at the low-temperature limit the anomalous spectral function obeys a concave like structure , which is directly related to the interlayer pair formation and condensation .	We calculate the normal DOS functions , and we find their temperature dependence for different values of the interlayer Coulomb interaction parameter .
+3	We obtain analytical expressions for the spin relaxation times , tau_SO and tau_J due to both mechanisms and estimate their values for realistic parameters of graphene samples .	We consider two mechanisms of spin relaxation in disordered graphene .	i ) Spin relaxation due to curvature spin orbit coupling caused by ripples .	ii ) Spin relaxation due to the interaction of the electronic spin with localized magnetic moments at the edges .	We obtain that spin relaxation originating from these mechanisms is very weak and spin coherence is expected in disordered graphene up to samples of length L ~ 1 micron .
+0	One of the most straightforward ways to address the flavor problem of low-energy supersymmetry is to arrange for the scalar soft terms to vanish simultaneously at a scale $ M_ { c } $ much larger than the electroweak scale .	This occurs naturally in a number of scenarios , such as no-scale models , gaugino mediation , and several models with strong conformal dynamics .	Unfortunately , the most basic version of this approach that incorporates gaugino mass unification and zero scalar masses at the grand unification scale is not compatible with collider and dark matter constraints .	However , experimental constraints can be satisfied if we exempt the Higgs bosons from flowing to zero mass value at the high scale .	We survey the theoretical constructions that allow this , and investigate the collider and dark matter consequences .
+3	This rigidity is a consequence of an interplay between the decay of geometry and the convergence rate of renormalization towards the fixed point .	Area-preserving maps have been observed to undergo a universal period-doubling cascade , analogous to the famous Feigenbaum-Coullet-Tresser period doubling cascade in one-dimensional dynamics .	A renormalization approach has been used by Eckmann , Koch and Wittwer in a computer-assisted proof of existence of a conservative renormalization fixed point .	Furthermore , it has been shown by Gaidashev , Johnson and Martens that infinitely renormalizable maps in a neighborhood of this fixed point admit invariant Cantor sets with vanishing Lyapunov exponents on which dynamics for any two maps is smoothly conjugate .	In this paper we prove a result which is crucial for a demonstration of rigidity : that an upper bound on this convergence rate of renormalizations of infinitely renormalizable maps is sufficiently small .
+2	We study the non-linear interplay between thermodynamic preference for dense and regular inter-filament packing and the mechanical preference for uniform filament shape in bundles of helically-curved filaments .	Densely-packed bundles of biological filaments ( filamentous proteins ) are common and critical structural elements in range of biological materials .	While most bundles form from intrinsically straight filaments , there are notable examples of protein filaments possessing a natural , or intrinsic , curvature , such as the helical bacterial flagellum .	Geometric constraints in bundles make perfect inter-filament ( constant spacing , or isometric ) packing incompatible with perfect intra-filament ( constant shape , or isomorphic ) packing .	As a consequence , we predict that bundle packing exhibits a strong sensitivity to bundle size , evolving from the isometric packing at small radii to an isomorphic packing at large radii .
+2	These `` recurrences '' appear as a mechanism to generate different fermion generations as quanta of the same fundamental field in an interacting field theory , without assuming any composite structure .	We study the multiple solutions of the truncated propagator Dyson-Schwinger equation for a simple fermion theory with Yukawa coupling to a scalar field .	Upon increasing the coupling constant $ g $ , other parameters being fixed , more than one non-perturbative solution breaking chiral symmetry becomes possible and we find these numerically .	The number of recurrences or flavors is reduced to a question about the value of the Yukawa coupling , and has no special profound significance in the Standard Model .	The resulting mass function can have one or more nodes and the measurement that potentially detects them can be thought of as a collider-based test of the virtual dispersion relation $ E=\sqrt { p^2+M ( p^2 ) ^2 } $ for the charged lepton member of each family .
+2	The conduction-band-mediated RKKY exchange interaction between the dots is ferromagnetic and at intermediate temperatures locks the moments into a maximal spin S=N/2 ground state .	The system of several ( N ) quantum dots coupled in parallel to the same single-mode conduction channel can be modelled as a single-channel N-impurity Anderson model .	Using the generalized Schrieffer-Wolff transformation we show that near the particle-hole symmetric point , the effective Hamiltonian in the local moment regime is the N-impurity S=1/2 Kondo model .	We provide an analytical estimate for the RKKY interaction .	At low temperatures the spin is partially screened by the conduction electrons to N/2-1/2 due to the Kondo effect .
+4	We discuss possible transmission protocols with stabilizer and unrestricted quantum codes .	I .	This paper is devoted to the problem of error detection with quantum codes .	In the first part we examine possible problem settings for quantum error detection .	Our goal is to derive a functional that describes the probability of undetected error under natural physical assumptions concerning transmission with error detection over the depolarizing channel .
+2	We were given access to such a machine , currently hosted at NASA Ames Research Center in California , to explore the potential for hard optimization problems that arise in the context of databases .	The D-Wave adiabatic quantum annealer solves hard combinatorial optimization problems leveraging quantum physics .	The newest version features over 1000 qubits and was released in August 2015 .	In this paper , we tackle the problem of multiple query optimization ( MQO ) .	We show how an MQO problem instance can be transformed into a mathematical formula that complies with the restrictive input format accepted by the quantum annealer .
+4	We illustrate how these measurements may distinguish between the Standard Model Higgs boson and those in supersymmetric and more general two-Higgs-doublet models , complementing the measurements to be made with other accelerators .	We present the machine parameters and physics capabilities of the CLIC Higgs Experiment ( CLICHE ) , a low-energy $ \gamma\gamma $ collider based on CLIC 1 , the demonstration project for the higher-energy two-beam accelerator CLIC .	CLICHE is conceived as a factory capable of producing around 20,000 light Higgs bosons per year .	We discuss the requirements for the CLIC 1 beams and a laser backscattering system capable of producing a $ \gamma\gamma $ total ( peak ) luminosity of $ 2.0 ( 0.36 ) \times 10^ { 34 } $ cm $ ^ { -2 } $ s $ ^ { -1 } $ with $ E_ { CM } ( \gamma \gamma ) \sim 115 $ GeV .	We show how CLICHE could be used to measure accurately the mass , $ \bar b b $ , $ WW $ and $ \gamma \gamma $ decays of a light Higgs boson .
+1	In quiescence , the star 's light curve is that of a double sinusoid , arising from the `` ellipsoidal '' distortion of the Roche-lobe-filling secondary .	We report photometry of 1RXS J232953.9+062814 , a recently discovered dwarf nova with a remarkably short 64.2-minute orbital period .	During superoutburst , common superhumps develop with a period 3-4 % longer than P_orb .	This indicates a mass ratio M_2/M_1=0.19+-0.02 , a surprisingly large value in so compact a binary .	This implies that the secondary star has a density 2-3 times higher than that of other short-period dwarf novae , suggesting a secondary enriched by H-burning prior to the common-envelope phase of evolution .
+0	Gravity waves generated by an object moving at constant speed at the water surface form a specific pattern commonly known as the Kelvin wake .	It was proved by Lord Kelvin that such a wake is delimited by a constant angle $ \simeq 19.47^\circ $ .	However a recent study by Rabaud and Moisy based on the observation of airborne images showed that the wake angle seems to decrease as the Froude number $ Fr $ increases , scaling as $ Fr^ { -1 } $ for large Froude numbers .	To explain such observations the authors make the strong hypothesis that an object of size $ b $ can not generate wavelengths larger than $ b $ .	With no need of such an assumption and modelling the moving object by an axisymmetric pressure field , we analytically show that the angle corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the waves scales as $ Fr^ { -1 } $ for large Froude numbers , whereas the angle delimiting the wake region outside which the surface is essentially flat remains constant and equal to the Kelvin angle for all $ Fr $ .
+1	The 90 % completeness level of the number counts is reached at approximately U = 23.8 , B = 24.0 , V = 23.5 , R = 23.0 , I = 21.0 , J = 20.5 , K = 19.0 .	( abridged ) Stellar catalogues in five passbands ( UBVRI ) over an area of approximately 0.3 deg^2 , comprising about 1200 objects , and in seven passbands ( UBVRIJK ) over approximately 0.1 deg^2 , comprising about 400 objects , in the direction of the Chandra Deep Field South are presented .	A scheme is presented to select point sources from these catalogues , by combining the SExtractor parameter CLASS_STAR from all available passbands .	Probable QSOs and unresolved galaxies are identified by using the previously developed \chi^2-technique ( Hatziminaoglou et al 2002 ) , that fits the overall spectral energy distributions to template spectra and determines the best fitting template .	The observed number counts , colour-magnitude diagrams , colour-colour diagrams and colour distributions are presented and , to judge the quality of the data , compared to simulations based on the predictions of a Galactic Model convolved with the estimated completeness functions and the error model used to describe the photometric errors of the data .
+2	At the zero source limit , the critical point exhibits a discontinuity whose magnitude vanishes with $ 1/n $ .	The one-dimensional pair contact process with a particle source is studied by using dynamical cluster mean-field approximations with sites up to $ n=12 $ .	The results obtained for different levels of approximation become convergent especially for $ n \ge 6 $ and allow us to derive reliable extrapolations to the limit $ n \to \infty $ .	The coherent anomaly analysis of data supports that the vanishing of order parameter and density of isolated particles has the same critical behavior .	In contrast to an earlier prediction , the present approximation does not support the existence of critical behavior in the inactive phase where the frozen density of isolated particles depends on the initial state .
+1	We calculate several properties of the low-energy sector : the effective charge and spin velocities , the compressibility , various correlation functions , the Landauer conductance and the Drude weight .	We investigate Luttinger Liquid superlattices , a periodic structure composed of two kinds of one-dimensional systems of interacting electrons .	The low-energy properties are subsumed into effective parameters , much like homogeneous one-dimensional systems .	A generic result is the weighted average nature of these parameters , in proportion to the spatial extent of the underlying subunits , pointing to the possibility of `` engineered '' structures .	As a specific realization , we consider a one-dimensional Hubbard superlattice , which consists of a periodic arrangement of two long Hubbard chains with different coupling constants and different hopping amplitudes .
+2	The rate of $ \Lambda_c^+ $ production from decays of the $ \Sigma_c $ triplet is $ ( 22\pm 2\pm 3 ) { % } $ of the total $ \Lambda_c^+ $ production assuming equal rate of production from all three , as measured for $ \Sigma_c^0 $ and $ \Sigma_c^ { ++ } $ .	From a sample of $ 2722 \pm 78 $ $ \Lambda_c^+ $ decaying to the $ pK^-\pi^+ $ final state , we have observed , in the hadroproduction experiment E791 at Fermilab , $ 143 \pm 20 $ $ \Sigma_c^0 $ and $ 122 \pm 18 $ $ \Sigma_c^ { ++ } $ through their decays to $ \Lambda_c^+ \pi^ { \pm } $ .	The mass difference $ M ( \Sigma_c^0 ) - M ( \Lambda_c^+ $ ) is measured to be $ ( 167.38\pm 0.29\pm 0.15 ) { MeV } $ ; for $ M ( \Sigma_c^ { ++ } ) - M ( \Lambda_c^+ ) $ , we find $ ( 167.76\pm 0.29\pm0.15 ) { MeV } $ .	We do not observe a statistically significant $ \Sigma_c $ baryon-antibaryon production asymmetry .	The $ x_F $ and $ p_t^2 $ spectra of $ \Lambda_c^+ $ from $ \Sigma_c $ decays are observed to be similar to those for all $ \Lambda_c^+ $ 's produced .
+1	But we find that when the radius is real , it contains matter .	A low matter density decaying vacuum cosmology is proposed on the assumption that the universe 's radius is a complex quantity \hat { R } if it is regarded as having a zero energy-momentum tensor .	Using the Einstein-Hilbert action principle , the physical scale factor R ( t ) =|\hat { R } | is obtained as equal to ( R_0^ { 2 } + t^ { 2 } ) ^ { 1/2 } with R_0 representing the finite radius of the universe at t=0 .	The resulting physical picture is roughly a theoretical justification of the old Ozer-Taha model .	The new model is devoid of all cosmological problems .
+1	The blazar was recently detected at very high energies ( & gt ; 100 GeV ) by the H.E.S.S and MAGIC gamma-ray Cherenkov telescopes .	We present the results of an observational photo-polarimetry campaign of the blazar PG 1553+113 at optical wavelengths .	Our high-temporal resolution data show significant variations in the linear polarization percentage and position angle at inter-night time-scales , while at shorter ( intra-night ) time-scales both parameters varied less significantly , if at all .	Changes in the polarization angle seem to be common in gamma-ray emitting blazars .	Simultaneous differential photometry ( through the B and R bands ) shows no significant variability in the total optical flux .
+4	The vectors generated had sufficient representational strength to generate parse trees at least comparable with contemporary symbolic parsers .	This paper was was first drafted in 2001 as a formalization of the system described in U.S. patent U.S. 7,392,174 .	It describes a system for implementing a parser based on a kind of cross-product over vectors of contextually similar words .	It is being published now in response to nascent interest in vector combination models of syntax and semantics .	The method used aggressive substitution of contextually similar words and word groups to enable product vectors to stay in the same space as their operands and make entire sentences comparable syntactically , and potentially semantically .
+2	From precise and accurate measurements of one component of the $ 2D $ vector displacement field and very limited information of the second component , the method reconstructs the second component quite accurately .	We consider the problem of estimating the $ 2D $ vector displacement field in a heterogeneous elastic solid deforming under plane stress conditions .	The problem is motivated by applications in quasistatic elastography .	No a priori knowledge of the heterogeneous distribution of material properties is required .	This method relies on using a special form of the momentum equations to filter ultrasound displacement measurements to produce more precise estimates .
+3	The pertinent observables are decay-rate asymmetries and their dependence on sidereal time .	Modern experiments on neutron and allowed nuclear $ \beta $ decay search for new semileptonic interactions , beyond the `` left-handed '' electroweak force .	We show that ongoing and planned $ \beta $ -decay experiments , with isotopes at rest and in flight , can be exploited as sensitive tests of Lorentz invariance .	The variety of correlations that involve the nuclear spin , the direction of the emitted $ \beta $ particle , and the recoil direction of the daughter nucleus allow for relatively simple experiments that give direct bounds on Lorentz violation .	We discuss the potential of several asymmetries that together cover a large part of the parameter space for Lorentz violation in the gauge sector .
+0	Robustness of two coupled networks system has been studied only for dependency coupling ( S. Buldyrev et .	al. , Nature , 2010 ) and only for connectivity coupling ( E. A. Leicht and R. M. D'Souza , arxiv:09070894 ) .	Here we study , using a percolation approach , a more realistic coupled networks system where both interdependent and interconnected links exist .	We find a rich and unusual phase transition phenomena including hybrid transition of mixed first and second order i.e. , discontinuities like a first order transition of the giant component followed by a continuous decrease to zero like a second order transition .	Moreover , we find unusual discontinuous changes from second order to first order transition as a function of the dependency coupling between the two networks .
+1	We use high resolution HI data from THINGS , CO data from HERACLES and BIMA SONG , 24 micron data from the Spitzer Space Telescope , and UV data from GALEX .	( Abridged ) We present a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between star formation rate surface density ( SFR SD ) and gas surface density ( gas SD ) at sub-kpc resolution in a sample of 18 nearby galaxies .	We target 7 spiral galaxies and 11 late-type/dwarf galaxies and investigate how the star formation law differs between the H2-dominated centers of spiral galaxies , their HI-dominated outskirts and the HI-rich late-type/dwarf galaxies .	We find that a Schmidt-type power law with index N=1.0+-0.2 relates the SFR SD and the H2 SD across our sample of spiral galaxies , i.e. , that H2 forms stars at a constant efficiency in spirals .	The average molecular gas depletion time is ~2*10^9 yrs .
+1	We show that M is a reduced complete intersection with n+1 irreducible components , which we describe .	We study a scheme M closely related to the set of pairs of n by n-matrices with rank 1 commutator .	There is a distinguished Lagrangian subvariety Nil in M. We introduce a category , C , of D-modules whose characteristic variety is contained in Nil .	Simple objects of that category are analogous to Lusztig 's character sheaves .	We construct a functor of Quantum Hamiltonian reduction from category C to the category O for type A rational Cherednik algebra .
+3	As expected , for simple simple stellar populations dominated by old stars , the RGB provides a very accurate estimate of the modular metallicity value for a population .	We have tested the reliability of the red giant branch ( RGB ) as a metallicity indicator accounting for observational errors as well as the complexity of star formation histories ( SFHs ) and chemical evolution histories observed in various stellar systems .	We generate model color-magnitude diagrams ( CMDs ) produced with a variety of evolutionary histories and compare the resultant metallicity estimates from the colors and magnitudes of RGB stars to the true input metallicities .	We include realistic models for photometric errors and completeness in our synthetic CMDs .	An error in the age of a system targeted for this type of study may produce metallicity errors of a few tenths of a dex .
+4	The acceptance density gives the distribution of the error term , enabling the uniform error usually used to be replaced by a general distribution .	Approximate Bayesian computation ( ABC ) or likelihood-free inference algorithms are used to find approximations to posterior distributions without making explicit use of the likelihood function , depending instead on simulation of sample data sets from the model .	In this paper we show that under the assumption of the existence of a uniform additive model error term , ABC algorithms give exact results when sufficient summaries are used .	This interpretation allows the approximation made in many previous application papers to be understood , and should guide the choice of metric and tolerance in future work .	ABC algorithms can be generalized by replacing the 0-1 cut-off with an acceptance probability that varies with the distance of the simulated data from the observed data .
+0	The paper consists of two parts .	In the first part , by using the Gauss-Bonnet curvature , which is a natural generalization of the scalar curvature , we introduce a higher order mass , the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern mass $ m^ { \H } _k $ , for asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds and show that it is a geometric invariant .	Moreover , we prove a positive mass theorem for this new mass for asymptotically hyperbolic graphs and establish a relationship between the corresponding Penrose type inequality for this mass and weighted Alexandrov-Fenchel inequalities in the hyperbolic space $ \H^n $ .	In the second part , we establish these weighted Alexandrov-Fenchel inequalities in $ \H^n $ for any horospherical convex hypersurface $ \Sigma $ .	As an application , we obtain an optimal Penrose type inequality for the new mass defined in the first part for asymptotically hyperbolic graphs with a horizon type boundary $ \Sigma $ , provided that a dominant energy condition $ \tilde L_k\ge0 $ holds .
+1	However such performance enhancement is possible only if quantum correlations survive the cloning process .	Recently Galv\~ { a } o and Hardy have shown that quantum cloning can improve the performance of some quantum computation tasks .	We investigate preservation of the quantum correlations in the process of non -- local cloning of entangled pairs of two -- level systems .	We consider different kinds of quantum cloning machines and compare their effectiveness in the cloning of non -- maximally entangled pure states .	A mean entanglement is introduced in order to obtain a quantitative evaluation of an average efficiency for the different cloning machines .
+2	Rewriting the kinetic term in the `` rotated '' frame requires the introduction of non-Abelian covariant derivatives , involving the gradients of the Euler angles which define the orientation of the local field .	We have constructed the geometric phases emerging from the non-trivial topology of a space-dependent magnetic field , interacting with the spin magnetic moment of a neutral particle .	Our basic tool is the local unitary transformation which recasts the magnetic spin interaction under a diagonal form .	Within the rotated frame , we have built a perturbation scheme , assuming that the longitudinal non-Abelian field component dominates the transverse ones , to be evaluated to second-order .	The geometry embedded in the longitudinal gauge vector field and its curl , the geometric magnetic field , is described by the associated Aharonov-Bohm phase .
+3	More specifically , via a conformal map , the correction can be expressed in terms of the two-point function on a certain conical space with opening angle $ 2\pi n $ .	We compute thermal corrections to R\'enyi entropies of $ d $ dimensional conformal field theories on spheres .	Consider the $ n $ th R\'enyi entropy for a cap of opening angle $ 2 \theta $ on $ S^ { d-1 } $ .	From a Boltzmann sum decomposition and the operator-state correspondence , the leading correction is related to a certain two-point correlation function of the operator ( not equal to the identity ) with smallest scaling dimension .	In the case of free conformal field theories , this two-point function can be computed explicitly using the method of images .
+1	Two scenarios were hypothesized to explain this unusual behavior : ( 1 ) 133P is a classical comet from the outer solar system that has evolved onto a main-belt orbit , or ( 2 ) 133P is a dynamically ordinary main-belt asteroid on which subsurface ice has recently been exposed .	The mysterious solar system object 133P/ ( 7968 ) Elst-Pizarro is dynamically asteroidal , yet displays recurrent comet-like dust emission .	If ( 1 ) is correct , the expected rarity of a dynamical transition onto an asteroidal orbit implies that 133P could be alone in the main belt .	In contrast , if ( 2 ) is correct , other icy main-belt objects should exist and could also exhibit cometary activity .	Believing 133P to be a dynamically ordinary , yet icy main-belt asteroid , I set out to test the primary prediction of the hypothesis : that 133P-like objects should be common and could be found by an appropriately designed observational survey .
+1	We found that the vortex charge is always negative when a sufficient strength of AF order is induced inside the vortex core , otherwise , the vortex charge is positive .	Based on an effective model Hamiltonian with competing antiferromagnetic ( AF ) and d-wave superconductivity ( DSC ) interactions , the vortex charge in high T_c superconductors is investigated by solving self-consistently the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations .	By tuning the on-site Coulomb repulsion U or the doping parameter $ \delta $ , a transition between the positive and negative vortex charges may occur .	The vortex charge at optimal doping has also been studied as a function of magnetic field .	Recent NMR and Hall effect experiments may be understood in terms of the present results .
+0	What is known as `` Hilbert 's hotel '' is a story of an imaginary hotel with infinitely many rooms that illustrates the bizarre consequences of assuming an actual infinity of objects or events .	Since the 1970s it has been used in a variety of arguments , some of them relating to cosmology and others to philosophy and theology .	For a long time it has remained unknown whether David Hilbert actually proposed the thought experiment named after him , or whether it was merely a piece of mathematical folklore .	It turns out that Hilbert introduced his hotel in a lecture of January 1924 , but without publishing it .	The counter-intuitive hotel only became better known in 1947 , when George Gamow described it in a book , and it took nearly three more decades until it attracted wide interest in scientific , philosophical , and theological contexts .
+4	We prove various properties of INS , which are connected to the operations and relations over INS .	Neutrosophic set is a part of neutrosophy which studies the origin , nature , and scope of neutralities , as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra .	Neutrosophic set is a powerful general formal framework that has been recently proposed .	However , neutrosophic set needs to be specified from a technical point of view .	To this effect , we define the set-theoretic operators on an instance of neutrosophic set , we call it interval neutrosophic set ( INS ) .
+1	This is the one-site model , whose large $ N $ limit ( large volume limit ) is expected to be conformal or nearly conformal .	The twisted reduced model of large $ N $ QCD with two adjoint Wilson fermions is studied numerically using the Hybrid Monte Carlo method .	The string tension calculated at $ N $ =289 approaches zero as we decrease quark mass and the preliminary value of the mass anomalous dimension $ \gamma_* $ is close to one if we assume that the theory is governed by an infrared fixed point .	We also discuss the twisted reduced model with single adjoint Wilson fermion .	The string tension remains finite as the quark mass decreases to zero , supporting that this is the confining theory .
+3	As in other settings , it remains uncertain whether small scale dynamo action is present in the astrophysical limit where $ { \rm P_ { \rm m } } & lt ; & lt ; 1 $ and magnetic Reynolds number $ { \rm R_m } \gg 1 $ .	The question of possible small-scale dynamo action in the surface layers of the Sun is revisited with realistic 3D MHD simulations .	As in other MHD problems , dynamo action is found to be a sensitive function of the magnetic Prandtl number $ { \rm P_ { \rm m } } =\nu/\eta $ ; it disappears below a critical value $ { \rm P_ { \rm c } } $ which is a function of the numerical resolution .	At a grid spacing of 3.5 km , $ { \rm P_ { \rm c } } $ based on the hyperdiffusivities implemented in the code ( STAGGER ) is $ \approx 1 $ , increasing with increasing grid spacing .	The question is discussed in the context of the strong effect that external stray fields are observed to have in generating and maintaining dynamo action in other numerical and laboratory systems , and in connection with the type-II hypertransient behavior of dynamo action observed in the absence of such external fields .
+3	The number and centroid energies of peaks in the GDR spectra can be reasonably explained by the geometrical and dynamical symmetries of $ \alpha $ clustering configurations .	It is studied how the $ \alpha $ cluster degrees of freedom , such as $ \alpha $ clustering configurations close to the $ \alpha $ decay threshold in $ ^ { 12 } $ C and $ ^ { 16 } $ O , including the linear chain , triangle , square , kite , and tetrahedron , affect nuclear collective vibrations with a microscopic dynamical approach , which can describe properties of nuclear ground states well across the nuclide chart and reproduce the standard giant dipole resonance ( GDR ) of $ ^ { 16 } $ O quite nicely .	It is found that the GDR spectrum is highly fragmented into several apparent peaks due to the $ \alpha $ structure .	The different $ \alpha $ cluster configurations in $ ^ { 12 } $ C and $ ^ { 16 } $ O have corresponding characteristic spectra of GDR .	Therefore , the GDR can be regarded as a very effective probe to diagnose the different $ \alpha $ cluster configurations in light nuclei .
+2	The system is unusual in that the earlier-type primary is bluer in J-Ks than the later-type secondary , whereas the reverse is expected for binaries in the late-L to T dwarf range .	We present spatially resolved photometric and spectroscopic observations of two wide brown dwarf binaries uncovered by the SIMP near-infrared proper motion survey .	The first pair ( SIMP J1619275+031350AB ) has a separation of 0.691 '' ( 15.2 AU ) and components T2.5+T4.0 , at the cooler end of the ill-understood J-band brightening .	This remarkable color reversal can possibly be explained by very different cloud properties between the two components .	The second pair ( SIMP J1501530-013506AB ) consists of an L4.5+L5.5 ( separation 0.96 '' , 30-47 AU ) with a surprisingly large flux ratio ( Delta J =1.79 mag ) considering the similar spectral types of its components .
+2	After quantization and solving the Wheeler-DeWitt equation can obtain the exact solution .	We studied the expectation value of the scale factor in radiation and dust quantum perfect fluid cosmology .	We used Schutz variational formalism to describe perfect fluid and selected the conjugate coordinate of perfect fluid be dynamical variable .	By superposition of the exact solution , we obtained one wave packets and used it to compute the expectation value of the scale factor .	We found that if one select different dynamical variable be the time variable in each of these two systems , the expectation value of the scale factor of these two systems can fit in with the prediction of General Relativity .
+2	It is then inevitable for the ILIs to encounter the divergences in the UVDP parameter space due to the generic overlapping divergences in the 4-dimensional momentum space .	The consistency of loop regularization ( LORE ) method is explored in multiloop calculations .	A key concept of the LORE method is the introduction of irreducible loop integrals ( ILIs ) which are evaluated from the Feynman diagrams by adopting the Feynman parametrization and ultraviolet-divergence-preserving ( UVDP ) parametrization .	By computing the so-called $ \alpha\beta\gamma $ integrals arising from two loop Feynman diagrams , we show how to deal with the divergences in the parameter space with the LORE method .	By identifying the divergences in the UVDP parameter space to those in the subdiagrams , we arrive at the Bjorken-Drell 's analogy between Feynman diagrams and electrical circuits .
+0	Learning non-linear functions can be hard when the magnitude of the target function is unknown beforehand , as most learning algorithms are not scale invariant .	We propose an algorithm to adaptively normalize these targets .	This is complementary to recent advances in input normalization .	Importantly , the proposed method preserves the unnormalized outputs whenever the normalization is updated to avoid instability caused by non-stationarity .	It can be combined with any learning algorithm and any non-linear function approximation , including the important special case of deep learning .
+4	First in this paper we explain the concepts of the data warehouse , On-Line Analysis Processing ( OLAP ) .	This paper describes the technology of data warehouse in healthcare decision-making and tools for support of these technologies , which is used to cancer diseases .	The healthcare executive managers and doctors needs information about and insight into the existing health data , so as to make decision more efficiently without interrupting the daily work of an On-Line Transaction Processing ( OLTP ) system .	This is a complex problem during the healthcare decision-making process .	To solve this problem , the building a healthcare data warehouse seems to be efficient .
+0	The exclusive electroproduction of rho-0 mesons was studied with the HERMES spectrometer at the DESY laboratory by scattering 27.6 GeV positron and electron beams off a transversely polarized hydrogen target .	Spin density matrix elements for this process were determined from the measured production- and decay-angle distributions of the produced rho-0 mesons .	These matrix elements embody information on helicity transfer and the validity of s-channel helicity conservation in the case of a transversely polarized target .	From the spin density matrix elements , the leading-twist term in the single-spin asymmetry was calculated separately for longitudinally and transversely polarized rho-0 mesons .	Neglecting s-channel helicity changing matrix elements , results for the former can be compared to calculations based on generalized parton distributions , which are sensitive to the contribution of the total angular momentum of the quarks to the proton spin .
+4	Tailored pulse-type rotating magnetic fields are used for efficiently switching a vortex core only at the intersection of the two orthogonal electrodes .	In our earlier work [ Appl.Phys.Lett .	92 , 022509 ( 2008 ) ] , we proposed nonvolatile vortex random access memory ( VRAM ) based on the energetically stable twofold ground state of vortex-core magnetizations as information carrier .	Here we experimentally demonstrate reliable memory bit selection and low-power-consumption recording in a two-by-two vortex-state dot array .	The bit selection and core switching is made by flowing currents along two orthogonal addressing electrode lines chosen among the other crossed electrodes .
+4	For these cases , a systematic way to improve the adiabatic approximation to the dynamical optical potential is presented that yields non-local operators with respect to the nuclear coordinates .	We derive a rigorous optical potential for electron-molecule scattering including the effects of nuclear dynamics by extending the common many-body Green 's function approach to optical potentials beyond the fixed-nuclei limit for molecular targets .	Our formalism treats the projectile electron and the nuclear motion of the target molecule on the same footing whereby the dynamical optical potential rigorously accounts for the complex many-body nature of the scattering target .	One central result of the present work is that the common fixed-nuclei optical potential is a valid adiabatic approximation to the dynamical optical potential even when projectile and nuclear motion are ( nonadiabatically ) coupled as long as the scattering energy is well below the electronic excitation thresholds of the target .	For extremely low projectile velocities , however , when the cross sections are most sensitive to the scattering potential , we expect the influences of the nuclear dynamics on the optical potential to become relevant .
+1	Recent experimental observations of neuronal activity patterns following power-law distributions , a hallmark of systems at a critical state , have led to the hypothesis that human brain dynamics could be poised at a phase transition between ordered and disordered activity .	Critical dynamics are assumed to be an attractive mode for normal brain functioning as information processing and computational capabilities are found to be optimized there .	A so far unresolved question concerns the medical significance of critical brain activity and how it relates to pathological conditions .	Using data from invasive electroencephalogram recordings from humans we show that during epileptic seizure attacks neuronal activity patterns deviate from the normally observed power-law distribution characterizing critical dynamics .	The comparison of these observations to results from a computational model exhibiting self-organized criticality ( SOC ) based on adaptive networks allows further insights into the underlying dynamics .
+3	Nevertheless , a semidefinite programming ( SDP ) relaxation technique is advocated to obtain a ( relaxed ) convex problem solvable in polynomial-time complexity .	The economic dispatch problem is considered for unbalanced three-phase power distribution networks entailing both non-deferrable and elastic loads , and distributed generation ( DG ) units .	The objective is to minimize the costs of power drawn from the main grid and supplied by the DG units over a given time horizon , while meeting the overall load demand and effecting voltage regulation .	Similar to optimal power flow counterparts for balanced systems , the resultant optimization problem is nonconvex .	To promote a reliable yet efficient feeder operation , SDP-compliant constraints on line and neutral current magnitudes are accommodated in the optimization formulated , along with constraints on the power factor at the substation and at nodes equipped with capacitor banks .
+4	We quantify this enhancement for NGC288 and find that its variation is typical of what we have come to expect in other clusters .	We present new UV observations for NGC288 , taken with the WFC3 detector on board the Hubble Space Telescope , and combine them with existing optical data from the archive to explore the multiple-population phenomenon in this globular cluster ( GC ) .	The WFC3 's UV filters have demonstrated an uncanny ability to distinguish multiple populations along all photometric sequences in GCs , thanks to their exquisite sensitivity to the atmospheric changes that are tell-tale signs of second-generation enrichment .	Optical filters , on the other hand , are more sensitive to stellar-structure changes related to helium enhancement .	By combining both UV and optical data we can measure helium variation .
+3	A generalized form of the Navarro , Frenk and White profile ( Zhao profile ) may be used to describe these halos .	Strong lensing is a powerful probe of the distribution of matter in the cores of clusters of galaxies .	Recent studies suggest that the cold dark matter model predicts cores that are denser than those observed in galaxies , groups and clusters .	One possible resolution of the discrepancy is that the dark matter has strong interactions ( SIDM ) , which leads to lower central densities .	In this paper we examine gravitational lensing statistics for this class of model .
+3	The RF modulation studies on an S-band SLED are presented in this paper .	An S band SLED-type pulse compressor has been manufactured by IHEP to challenge the 100 MW maximum input power , which means the output peak power is about 500 MW at the phase reversal time .	In order to deal with the RF breakdown problem , the dual side-wall coupling irises model was used .	To further improve the reliability at very high power , amplitude modulation and phase modulation with flat-top output were taken into account .	Furthermore , a method is developed by using the CST Microwave Studio transient solver to simulate the time response of the pulse compressor , which can be a verification of the modulate theory .
+1	It will be possible to observe the existence of the tau neutrino , measure its mixing with other flavors , in fact test the mixing pattern for all three flavors based upon the mixing parameters suggested by the atmospheric and solar neutrino data , and measure the tau neutrino cross section .	It is suggested that a large deep underocean ( or ice ) neutrino detector , given the presence of significant numbers of neutrinos in the PeV energy range as predicted by various models of Active Galactic Nuclei , can make unique measurements of the properties of neutrinos .	The key signature is the charged current tau neutrino interaction , which produces a double cascade , one at either end of a lightly radiating track .	At a few PeV these cascades would be separated by roughly 100 m , and thus be easily resolvable in next generation DUMAND-like detectors .	First examples might be found in detectors presently under construction .
+1	We first consider the effect of this interaction in the vacuum polarization tensor or , equivalently , in the current correlator .	We use Pseudo Quantum Electrodynamics ( PQED ) in order to describe the full electromagnetic interaction of the p-electrons of graphene in a consistent 2D formulation .	This allows us to obtain the dc conductivity after a smooth zero-frequency limit is taken in Kubo 's formula.Thereby , we obtain the usual expression for the minimal conductivity plus corrections due to the interaction that bring it closer to the experimental value .	We then predict the onset of an interaction-driven spontaneous Quantum Valley Hall effect ( QVHE ) below a critical temperature of the order of $ 0.05 $ K. The transverse ( Hall ) valley conductivity is evaluated exactly and shown to coincide with the one in the usual Quantum Hall effect .	Finally , by considering the effects of PQED , we show that the electron self-energy is such that a set of P- and T- symmetric gapped electron energy eigenstates are dynamically generated , in association with the QVHE .
+2	We also derive the gravitational radiation generated by magnetic fields arising from a dynamo operating during the period of turbulence .	An injection of energy into the early Universe on a given characteristic length scale will result in turbulent motions of the primordial plasma .	We calculate the stochastic background of gravitational radiation arising from a period of cosmological turbulence , using a simple model of isotropic Kolmogoroff turbulence produced in a cosmological phase transition .	The resulting gravitational radiation background has a maximum amplitude comparable to the radiation background from the collision of bubbles in a first-order phase transition , but at a lower frequency , while the radiation from the induced magnetic fields is always subdominant to that from the turbulence itself .	We briefly discuss the detectability of such a signal .
+0	As the structural databases continue to expand , efficient methods are required to search similar structures of the query structure from the database .	There are many previous works about comparing protein 3D structures and scanning the database with a query structure .	However , they generally have limitations on practical use because of large computational and storage requirements .	We propose two new types of queries for searching similar sub-structures on the structural database : LSPM ( Local Spatial Pattern Matching ) and RLSPM ( Reverse LSPM ) .	Between two types of queries , we focus on RLSPM problem , because it is more practical and general than LSPM .
+4	We rederive the physical parameters of GRB 970508 and compare with other authors	Gamma-ray burst ( GRB ) afterglows are well described by synchrotron emission originating from the interaction between a relativistic blast wave and the external medium surrounding the GRB progenitor .	We introduce a code to reconstruct spectra and light curves from arbitrary fluid configurations , making it especially suited to study the effects of fluid flows beyond those that can be described using analytical approximations .	As a check and first application of our code we use it to fit the scaling coefficients of theoretical models of afterglow spectra .	We extend earlier results of other authors to general circumburst density profiles .
+3	The thermal balance of neutron stars is re-analyzed to incorporate phase transitions and the related latent heat self-consistently , and numerical calculations are undertaken to simultaneously evolve the stellar structure and temperature distribution .	The thermal evolution of neutron stars is coupled to their spin down and the resulting changes in structure and chemical composition .	This coupling correlates stellar surface temperatures with rotational state as well as time .	We report an extensive investigation of the coupling between spin down and cooling for hybrid stars which undergo a phase transition to deconfined quark matter at the high densities present in stars at low rotation frequencies .	We find that the changes in stellar structure and chemical composition with the introduction of a pure quark matter phase in the core delay the cooling and produce a period of increasing surface temperature for strongly superfluid stars of strong and intermediate magnetic field strength .
+4	This peculiar property has important ramifications for linear transport in the quantum wire , giving rise to spin accumulation without magnetic fields or ferromagnetic contacts .	This article presents an overview of results pertaining to electronic structure , transport properties , and interaction effects in ballistic quantum wires with Rashba spin splitting .	Limits of weak and strong spin -- orbit coupling are distinguished , and spin properties of the electronic states elucidated .	The case of strong Rashba spin splitting where the spin -- precession length is comparable to the wire width turns out to be particularly interesting .	Hybridization of spin -- split quantum -- wire subbands leads to an unusual spin structure where the direction of motion for electrons can fix their spin state .
+3	The stability of the soliton is established and its behaviour in the entire crossover domain is obtained .	We demonstrate the existence of supersonic bell soliton in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-Bose-Einstein condensate ( BCS-BEC ) crossover regime .	Starting from the extended Thomas-Fermi density functional theory of superfluid order parameter , a density transformation is used to map the hydrodynamic mean field equation to a Lienard type equation .	As a result , bell solitons are obtained as exact solutions , which is further verified by the numerical solution of the dynamical equation .	It is found that , akin to the case of vortices , the bell solitons yield highest contrast in the BEC regime .
+3	The unstable plasma case is much more complex , and the parton can lose or gain energy depending on the initial conditions .	The momentum distribution of quark-gluon plasma at the early stage of a relativistic heavy-ion collision is anisotropic and consequently the system , which is assumed to be weakly coupled , is unstable due chromomagnetic plasma modes .	We consider a high-energy parton which flies across such an unstable plasma , and the energy transfer between the parton and the medium is studied as an initial value problem .	In the case of equilibrium plasmas , the well-known formula of collisional energy loss is reproduced .	The extremely prolate and extremely oblate systems are considered as examples of unstable plasmas , and two classes of initial conditions are discussed .
+2	For the paradigmatic performance test of multiword dividend and single 64-bit-word divisor , exploitation of the inherent data-parallelism of the algorithm effectively mitigates the long latency of hardware integer MUL operations , as a result of which we are able to achieve respective costs for remainder-only and full-DIV ( remainder and quotient ) of 6 and 12.5 cycles per dividend word on the Intel Core 2 implementation of the x86_64 architecture , in single-threaded execution mode .	We present a novel right-to-left long division algorithm based on the Montgomery modular multiply , consisting of separate highly efficient loops with simply carry structure for computing first the remainder ( x mod q ) and then the quotient floor ( x/q ) .	These loops are ideally suited for the case where x occupies many more machine words than the divide modulus q , and are strictly linear time in the `` bitsize ratio '' lg ( x ) /lg ( q ) .	We further describe a simple `` bit-doubling modular inversion '' scheme , which allows the entire iterative computation of the mod-inverse required by the Montgomery multiply at arbitrarily large precision to be performed with cost less than that of a single Newtonian iteration performed at the full precision of the final result .	We also show how the Montgomery-multiply-based powering can be efficiently used in Mersenne and Fermat-number trial factorization via direct computation of a modular inverse power of 2 , without any need for explicit radix-mod scalings .
+4	We use a BCS variational wavefunction to calculate the chemical potential of the polaritons as a function of their density .	We consider a semiconductor polymer chain coupled to a single electromagnetic mode in a cavity .	The excitations of the chain have a mixed exciton-photon character and are described as polaritons .	Polaritons are coupled to the lattice by the deformation potential interaction and can propagate in the chain .	We find that the presence of optical excitation in the polymer induces strain on the lattice .
+4	Results indicate that the use of this design should increase the neutron flux of prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis significantly .	Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to design a prompt { \gamma } -ray neutron activation analysis ( PGNAA ) thermal neutron output setup using MCNP5 computer code .	In these simulations the moderator materials , reflective materials and structure of the PGNAA 252Cf neutrons of thermal neutron output setup were optimized .	Results of the calcuations revealed that the thin layer paraffin and the thick layer of heavy water moderated effect is best for 252Cf neutrons spectrum .	The new design compared with the conventional neutron source design , the thermal neutron flux and rate were increased by 3.02 times and 3.27 times .
+3	The required metallicities at z & gt ; 3 are lower than predicted by the fundamental metallicity relation ( FMR ) at these redshifts , consistent with independent evidence .	We present deep IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer ( PdBI ) observations , searching for CO-emission toward two massive , non-lensed Lyman break galaxies ( LBGs ) at z=3.216 and 4.058 .	With one low significance CO detection ( 3.5 sigma ) and one sensitive upper limit , we find that the CO lines are & gt ; ~ 3-4 times weaker than expected based on the relation between IR and CO luminosities followed by similarly , massive galaxies at z=0-2.5 .	This is consistent with a scenario in which these galaxies have low metallicity , causing an increased CO-to-H_2 conversion factor , i.e. , weaker CO-emission for a given molecular ( H_2 ) mass .	Unless our galaxies are atypical in this respect , detecting molecular gas in normal galaxies at z & gt ; 3 may thus remain challenging even with ALMA .
+0	Let $ X $ be a hyperkaehler manifold .	Trianalytic subvarieties of $ X $ are subvarieties which are complex analytic with respect to all complex structures induced by the hyperkaehler structure .	Given a 2-dimensional complex torus $ T $ , the Hilbert scheme $ T^ { [ n ] } $ classifying zero-dimensional subschemes of $ T $ admits a hyperkaehler structure .	A finite cover of $ T^ { [ n ] } $ is a product of $ T $ and a simply connected hyperkaehler manifold $ K^ { [ n-1 ] } $ , called generalized Kummer variety .	We show that for $ T $ generic , the corresponding generalized Kummer variety has no trianalytic subvarieties .
+2	The mechanism for driving this mass loss remains unknown , although radiation pressure mediated by spectral lines is a leading candidate .	Accretion disk winds are thought to produce many of the characteristic features seen in the spectra of active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) and quasi-stellar objects ( QSOs ) .	These outflows also represent a natural form of feedback between the central supermassive black hole and its host galaxy .	Here , we calculate the ionization state of , and emergent spectra for , the hydrodynamic simulation of a line-driven disk wind previously presented by Proga & amp ; Kallman ( 2004 ) .	To achieve this , we carry out a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation of the radiative transfer through , and energy exchange within , the predicted outflow .
+3	We also detect kinematical asymmetries ( m=1 mode ) along the nuclear bar major-axis of NGC 1808 and NGC 5728 , dynamical counterparts of corresponding asymmetries in the surface brightness .	We present new stellar kinematical profiles of four galaxy hosts of active galactic nuclei , using the CO bandhead around 2.3 micron with the ISAAC/VLT spectrograph .	We find that the nuclear bars or discs , embedded in large-scale primary bars , have all a decoupled kinematics , in the sense that the maximum of the rotational velocity occurs in the nuclear region .	In three cases ( NGC 1097 , NGC 1808 and NGC 5728 ) , the velocity dispersion displays a significant drop at the nucleus , a rarely observed phenomenon .	We have derived simple dynamical models in an attempt to fit the kinematics of each galaxy and reconstruct the full velocity field .
+1	This induces an action of G on the Jacobian JX of X and thus a decomposition of JX up to isogeny .	Let G be a finite group acting on a smooth projective curve X .	The most prominent example of such a situation is the group G of two elements .	Let X -- & gt ; Y denote the corresponding quotient map .	Then JX is isogenous to the product of JY with the Prym variety of X/Y .
+0	The deformation of the Fermi surface induced by Coulomb interactions is investigated in the t-t'-Hubbard model .	The interplay of the local U and extended V interactions is analyzed .	It is found that exchange interactions V enhance small anisotropies producing deformations of the Fermi surface which break the point group symmetry of the square lattice at the Van Hove filling .	This Pomeranchuck instability competes with ferromagnetism and is suppressed at a critical value of U ( V ) .	The interaction V renormalizes the t ' parameter to smaller values what favours nesting .
+4	Our proofs rely on concentration inequalities proved by Boucheron , Lugosi and Massart , and also on the approximation theory of subadditive functions initiated by Alexander .	In this paper , we establish moderate deviations for the chemical distance in Bernoulli percolation .	The chemical distance between two points is the length of the shortest open path between these two points .	Thus , we study the size of random fluctuations around the mean value , and also the asymptotic behavior of this mean value .	The estimates we obtain improve our knowledge of the convergence to the asymptotic shape .
+3	An algorithm to remove all those nonphysical solutions from the electron and hole energy spectra is proposed .	We modeled the electron and hole states in Si/SiO2 quantum wells within a basis of standing waves using the 30-band k.p theory .	The hard-wall confinement potential is assumed , and the influence of the peculiar band structure of bulk silicon on the quantum-well sub-bands is explored .	Numerous spurious solutions in the conduction-band and valence-band energy spectra are found and are identified to be of two types : ( 1 ) spurious states which have large contributions of the bulk solutions with large wave-vectors ( the high-k spurious solutions ) and ( 2 ) states which originate mainly from the spurious valley outside the Brillouin zone ( the extra-valley spurious solutions ) .	Furthermore , slow and oscillatory convergence of the hole energy levels with the number of basis functions is found and is explained by the peculiar band mixing and the confinement in the considered quantum well .
+0	In this paper , we follow in the footsteps of Onsager and Machlup ( OM ) and consider diffusion-like paths that are explored by a particle moving via a conservative force while being in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings .	Instead of considering diffusion ( Brownian dynamics ) , we use a Metropolis algorithm to derive an OM-like functional .	Through the lens of the Metropolis algorithm , we are able to elucidate the errors made when using a nonzero time increment .	Of particular interest are transition paths that transverse an energy barrier that is large ( but not too large ) compared to the typical thermal energy .	These transitions have probabilities that are only small and yet not so small as to be considered a violation of thermodynamics .
+4	However , the bulk of the population obeys a well-defined scaling of age , metallicity , and alpha/Fe ratio with galaxy mass that is independent of environment .	The environment is known to affect the formation and evolution of galaxies considerably best visible through the well-known morphology-density relationship .	We study the effect of environment on the evolution of early-type galaxies for a sample of 3,360 galaxies morphologically selected by visual inspection from the SDSS in the redshift range 0.05 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.06 , and analyse luminosity-weighted age , metallicity , and alpha/Fe ratio as function of environment and galaxy mass .	We find that on average 10 per cent of early-type galaxies are rejuvenated through minor recent star formation .	This fraction increases with both decreasing galaxy mass and decreasing environmental density .
+3	This is a generalization to higher dimensions of the author 's previous work on Kahler surfaces .	The J-flow is a parabolic flow on Kahler manifolds .	It was defined by Donaldson in the setting of moment maps and by Chen as the gradient flow of the J-functional appearing in his formula for the Mabuchi energy .	It is shown here that under a certain condition on the initial data , the J-flow converges to a critical metric .	A corollary of this is the lower boundedness of the Mabuchi energy on Kahler classes satisfying a certain inequality when the first Chern class of the manifold is negative .
+1	This definition also works over fields that are not algebraically closed .	Degeneration of modules is usually defined geometrically , but due to results of Zwara and Riedtmann we can also define it in terms of exact sequences .	Let $ k $ be a field , $ K $ a finite extension of $ k $ and $ \Lambda $ a $ k $ -algebra .	Then any $ K\otimes_k\Lambda $ -module is also a $ \Lambda $ -module .	We study how the isomorphism classes , degeneration and hom-order differ depending on which algebra we are working over .
+0	The Phasor diagrams have long been used in Physics and Engineering .	In telecommunications , this is particularly useful to clarify how the modulations work .	This paper addresses rotating phasor pathways derived from different standard Amplitude Modulation Systems ( e.g.A3E , H3E , J3E , C3F ) .	A cornucopia of algebraic curves is then derived assuming a single tone or a double tone modulation signal .	The ratio of the frequency of the tone modulator ( fm ) and carrier frequency ( fc ) is considered in two distinct cases , namely : fm/fc & lt ; 1 and fm/fc & gt ; =1 .
+4	In this paper , we discuss a bijective variant of the BWT ( due to Scott ) , proving its correctness and relations to other results due to Gessel and Reutenauer ( 1993 ) and Crochemore , Desarmenien , and Perrin ( 2005 ) .	The sort transform ( ST ) is a modification of the Burrows-Wheeler transform ( BWT ) .	Both transformations map an arbitrary word of length n to a pair consisting of a word of length n and an index between 1 and n. The BWT sorts all rotation conjugates of the input word , whereas the ST of order k only uses the first k letters for sorting all such conjugates .	If two conjugates start with the same prefix of length k , then the indices of the rotations are used for tie-breaking .	Both transforms output the sequence of the last letters of the sorted list and the index of the input within the sorted list .
+2	Standard dynamics of gauge unified theories ( including fermions ) and their SSB appear if a four index field strength condensate is present .	This essay elucidates recent achievements of the `` nongravitating vacuum energy '' ( NGVE ) theory '' which has the feature that a shift of the Lagrangian density by a constant does not affect dynamics .	In the first order formalism , a constraint appears that enforces the vanishing of the cosmological constant \Lambda .	At a vacuum state there is exact balance to zero of the gauge fields condensate and the original scalar fields potential .	As a result it is possible to combine the solution of the \Lambda problem with inflation and transition to a \Lambda =0 phase without fine tuning after a reheating period .
+0	A ( Hasse ) diagram of a finite partially ordered set ( poset ) P will be called quasiplanar if for any two incomparable elements u and v , either v is on the left of all maximal chains containing u , or v is on the right of all these chains .	Every planar diagram is quasiplanar , and P has a quasiplanar diagram iff its order dimension is at most 2 .	A finite lattice is slim if it is join-generated by the union of two chains .	We are interested in diagrams only up to similarity .	The main result gives a bijection between the set of the ( similarity classes of ) finite quasiplanar diagrams and that of the ( similarity classes of ) planar diagrams of finite , slim , semimodular lattices .
+1	The free lagrangian on the curved space is invariant under conformal transformations of the dynamical field $ A_m ( x ) $ .	In this diploma thesis vector field is constructed on $ R \times S^3 $ .	The gauge fixing term is not conformally invariant , but it is invariant under Poincare transformations of the fields $ A_m ( x ) $ .	Propagator quantisation is carried out .	The energy spectrum of the physical subspace is analogous to the spectrum of flat quantum field theory .
+0	We explore the gap-tooth method for multiscale modeling of systems represented by microscopic physics-based simulators , when coarse-grained evolution equations are not available in closed form .	A biased random walk particle simulation , motivated by the viscous Burgers equation , serves as an example .	We construct macro-to-micro ( lifting ) and micro-to-macro ( restriction ) operators , and drive the coarse time-evolution by particle simulations in appropriately coupled microdomains ( teeth ) separated by large spatial gaps .	A macroscopically interpolative mechanism for communication between the teeth at the particle level is introduced .	The results demonstrate the feasibility of a closure-on-demand approach to solving hydrodynamics problems .
+2	It is also very sensitive to the type of neutrino mass spectrum which can be with normal ( Delta m^2_ { 31 } & gt ; 0 ) or with inverted ( Delta m^2_ { 31 } & lt ; 0 ) hierarchy .	We derive predictions for the Nadir angle ( theta_n ) dependence of the ratio Nmu-/Nmu+ of the rates of the mu- and mu+ multi-GeV events , and for the mu- - mu+ event rate asymmetry , A_ { mu-mu+ } = [ Nmu- - Nmu+ ] / [ Nmu- + Nmu+ ] , in iron-magnetized calorimeter detectors ( MINOS , INO ) in the case of 3-neutrino oscillations of the atmospheric nu_mu and antinu_mu , driven by one neutrino mass squared difference , |Delta m^2_ { 31 } | & gt ; & gt ; Delta m^2_ { 21 } .	The asymmetry A_ { mu- mu+ } ( the ratio Nmu-/Nmu+ ) is shown to be particularly sensitive to the Earth matter effects in the atmospheric neutrino oscillations , and thus to the values of sin^2 ( theta13 ) and sin^2 ( theta23 ) , theta13 and theta23 being the neutrino mixing angles limited by the CHOOZ and Palo Verde experiments and that responsible for the dominant atmospheric nu_mu - & gt ; nu_tau ( antinu_mu - & gt ; antinu_tau ) oscillations .	We find that for sin^2 ( theta23 ) & gt ; 0.50 , sin^2 ( 2 theta13 ) & gt ; 0.06 and Delta m^2_ { 31 } = ( 2-3 ) 10^ { -3 } eV^2 , the Earth matter effects produce a relative difference between the integrated asymmetries barA_ { mu- mu+ } and barA^ { 2nu } _ { mu- mu+ } $ in the mantle ( cos ( theta_n ) =0.30-0.84 ) and core ( cos ( theta_n ) =0.84-1.0 ) bins , which is bigger in absolute value than ~15 % , can reach the values of ( 30-35 ) % , and thus can be sufficiently large to be observable .	The sign of the indicated asymmetry difference is anticorrelated with the sign of Delta m^2_ { 31 } .
+3	These polynomials relate the isomorphism invariants of Drinfeld F_q [ T ] -modules of rank r\geq 2 linked by isogenies of a specified type .	This is a sequel to the paper [ F. Breuer , H.-G. R\ '' uck , Drinfeld modular polynomials in higher rank , J .	Number Theory 129 ( 2009 ) , 59-83 .	] , in which we introduced Drinfeld modular polynomials of higher rank , using an analytic construction .	In the current paper , we give an algebraic construction of greater generality , and prove a generalization of the Kronecker congruences relations , which describe what happens when modular polynomials associated to P-isogenies are reduced modulo a prime P. We also correct an error in [ loc.cit . ] .
+4	We find that Rashba splitting in these systems is due to atomic-like on-site SO interactions combined with processes in which t2g electrons change orbital character when they hop between metal sites .	The spin-degeneracy of Bloch bands in a crystal can be lifted when spin-orbit ( SO ) coupling is present and inversion symmetry is absent .	In two-dimensional electron systems ( 2DES ) spin-degeneracy is lifted by Rashba interaction terms - symmetry invariants that are scalar products of spin and orbital axial vectors .	Rashba interactions are symmetry allowed whenever a 2DES is not invariant under reflections through the plane it occupies .	In this paper , we use a tight-binding model informed by ab initio electronic structure calculations to develop a theory of Rashba splitting in the t2g bands of the two- dimensional electron systems formed at cubic perovskite crystal surfaces and interfaces .
+3	Then I will briefly explain the implementation of string gas thermodynamics in cosmology , showing a simple example which gives rise to a radiation-dominated early universe .	In these lecture notes I give a pedagogical introduction to the thermodynamics of ideal string gases .	The computation of thermodynamic quantities in the canonical ensemble formalism will be shown in detail with explicit examples .	Attention will be given mainly to the thermodynamical consequences of string degrees of freedom , where I will especially address i ) the Hagedorn temperature , a critical temperature above which the canonical ensemble description breaks down , which can be the onset point of some instability of the string gas ; ii ) the phase structure arising from compactification , embodied in the moduli-dependence of the Helmholtz free energy , which corrects the tree-level vacuum and can provide mechanism for moduli stabilization .	Further phenomenological issues and open questions will be discussed qualitatively with references indicated , including the Hagedorn instability in the resolution of the initial singularity , moduli stabilization , generation of hierarchy , radiative symmetry breaking and primordial cosmological fluctuations .
+1	A unique feature of this system is the possibility to sustain pressure gradients by tension in the lamellae .	A theory is presented for the behavior of an array of multi-lamellar vesicles ( the onion phase ) upon addition of solvent .	Tension enables the onions to remain stable beyond the unbinding point of a flat lamellar stack .	The model accounts for various concentration profiles and interfaces developing in the onion as it swells .	In particular , densely packed `onion cores ' are shown to appear , as observed in experiments .
+2	It is super-Weyl invariant but nonlocal functional of 2D supergravity .	The relation between super-Virasoro anomaly and super-Weyl anomaly in $ N=1 $ NSR superstring coupled with 2D supergravity is investigated from canonical theoretical view point .	The WZW action canceling the super-Virasoro anomaly is explicitly constructed .	The nonlocality can be remedied by the super-Liouvlle action , which in turn recovers the super-Weyl anomaly .	The final gravitational effective action turns out to be local but noncovariant super-Liouville action , describing the dynamical behavior of the super-Liouville fields .
+0	In previous papers we solved the Landau problems , indexed by 2M , for a particle on the `` superflag '' S U ( 2|1 ) / [ U ( 1 ) x U ( 1 ) ] , the M = 0 case being equivalent to the Landau problem for a particle on the `` supersphere '' S U ( 2|1 ) / [ U ( 1|1 ) ] .	Here we solve these models in the planar limit .	For M = 0 we have a particle on the complex superplane C ( 1|1 ) ; its Hilbert space is the tensor product of that of the Landau model with the 4-state space of a `` fermionic '' Landau model .	Only the lowest level is ghost-free , but for M & gt ; 0 there are no ghosts in the first [ 2M ] +1 levels .	When 2M is an integer , the ( [ 2M ] + 1 ) th level states form short supermultiplets as a consequence of a fermionic gauge invariance analogous to the `` kappa-symmetry '' of the superparticle .
+2	This original approach of Harish-Chandra to a determination of all $ H $ has largely been abandoned because one knows very little about generators of $ U ( \frak { g } ) ^K $ .	Let $ \frak { g } = \frak { k } +\frak { p } $ be a complexified Cartan decomposition of a complex semisimple Lie algebra $ \frak { g } $ and let $ K $ be the subgroup of the adjoint group of $ \frak { g } $ corresponding to $ \frak { k } $ .	If $ H $ is an irreducible Harish-Chandra module of $ U ( \frak { g } ) $ , then $ H $ is completely determined by the finite-dimensional action of the centralizer $ U ( \frak { g } ) ^K $ on any one fixed primary $ \k $ component in $ H $ .	Generators of $ U ( \frak { g } ) ^K $ are given by generators of the symmetric algebra analogue $ S ( \frak { g } ) ^K $ .	Let $ S_m ( \frak { g } ) ^K , m\in { \Bbb Z } _+ $ , be the subalgebra of $ S ( \frak { g } ) ^K $ defined by $ K $ -invariant polynomials of degree at most $ m $ .
+2	Resilience to Denial-of-Service ( DoS ) attacks that plague today 's Internet is a major issue for any new architecture and deserves full attention .	With the growing realization that current Internet protocols are reaching the limits of their senescence , a number of on-going research efforts aim to design potential next-generation Internet architectures .	Although they vary in maturity and scope , in order to avoid past pitfalls , these efforts seek to treat security and privacy as fundamental requirements .	In this paper , we focus on DoS in a specific candidate next-generation Internet architecture called Named-Data Networking ( NDN ) -- an instantiation of Information-Centric Networking approach .	By stressing content dissemination , NDN appears to be attractive and viable approach to many types of current and emerging communication models .
+2	For the Milky Way , we found that the ratio between the past and current star formation rates is about 2-3 , averaged over the disc , but it varies substantially with radius .	We show how the existence of a relation between the star formation rate and the gas density , i.e.the Kennicutt-Schmidt law , implies a continuous accretion of fresh gas from the environment into the discs of spiral galaxies .	We present a method to derive the gas infall rate in a galaxy disc as a function of time and radius , and we apply it to the disc of the Milky Way and 21 galaxies from the THINGS sample .	In the other disc galaxies there is a clear dependency of this ratio with galaxy stellar mass and Hubble type , with more constant star formation histories for small galaxies of later type .	The gas accretion rate follows very closely the SFR for every galaxy and it dominates the evolution of these systems .
+0	We consider the decoherence of photons suffering in phase-damping channels .	By exploring the evolutions of single-photon polarization states and two-photon polarization-entangled states , we find that different frequency spectrum envelopes of photons induce different decoherence processes .	A white frequency spectrum can lead the decoherence to an ideal Markovian process .	Some color frequency spectrums can induce asymptotical decoherence , while , some other color frequency spectrums can make coherence vanish periodically with variable revival amplitudes .	These behaviors result from the non-Markovian effects on the decoherence process , which may give rise to a revival of coherence after complete decoherence .
+4	In the SM-seesaw case , very small branching ratios are found for all studied scenarios .	Lepton flavor violating Higgs boson decays are studied within the context of seesaw models with Majorana massive neutrinos .	Two models are considered : The SM-seesaw , with the Standard Model Particle content plus three right handed neutrinos , and the MSSM-seesaw , with the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model particle content plus three right handed neutrinos and their supersymmetric partners .	The widths for these decays are derived from a full one-loop diagrammatic computation in both models , and they are analyzed numerically in terms of the seesaw parameters , namely , the Dirac and Majorana mass matrices .	Several possible scenarios for these mass matrices that are compatible with neutrino data are considered .
+2	On the basis of these radial velocities , we confirm the membership of five stars in Ursa Minor , and find two others to be nonmembers .	Spectra for stars located redward of the fiducial red giant branches of the Ursa Minor and Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxies have been obtained with the Hobby-Eberly telescope and the Marcario Low Resolution Spectrometer .	From a comparison of our radial velocities with those reported in previous medium-resolution studies , we find an average difference of 10 km/s with a standard deviation of 11 km/s .	One of the confirmed members is a known carbon star which lies redward of RGB ; three others are previously unidentified carbon stars .	The fifth star is a red giant which was found previously by Shetrone et al .
+2	The largest flux change , about a factor of about 4 , occurred in the X-ray band .	Following the recent discovery of gamma rays from the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PMN J0948+0022 ( z=0.5846 ) , we started a multiwavelength campaign from radio to gamma rays , which was carried out between the end of March and the beginning of July 2009 .	The source displayed activity at all the observed wavelengths : a general decreasing trend from optical to gamma-ray frequencies was followed by an increase of radio emission after less than two months from the peak of the gamma-ray emission .	The smallest was at ultraviolet and near-infrared frequencies , where the rate of the detected photons dropped by a factor 1.6-1.9 .	At optical wavelengths , where the sampling rate was the highest , it was possible to observe day-scale variability , with flux variations up to a factor of about 3 .
+1	The first set was obtained on the descending branch of the light curve when V ~12.0 and the second one in the recovery phase with V ~7.5 .	Two sets of high-resolution spectra of R CrB obtained during the 2003 light decline are described .	The usual sharp and broad emissions are described and the lines radial velocities measured .	C_2 Swan system ( 0,0 ) band was found to be in emission for the first set .	The other C_2 bands were in absorption .
+1	We first describe the important physical processes which trigger the collapse of a self-gravitating piece of fluid and regulate the star formation rate in molecular clouds .	These lectures attempt to expose the most important ideas , which have been proposed to explain the formation of stars with particular emphasis on the formation of brown dwarfs and low-mass stars .	Then we review the various theories which have been proposed along the years to explain the origin of the stellar initial mass function paying particular attention to four models , namely the competitive accretion and the theories based respectively on stopped accretion , MHD shocks and turbulent dispersion .	As it is yet unsettled whether the brown dwarfs form as low-mass stars , we present the theory of brown dwarfs based on disk fragmentation stressing all the uncertainties due to the radiative feedback and magnetic field .	Finally , we describe the results of large scale simulations performed to explain the collapse and fragmentation of molecular clouds .
+1	Contraction parameters of gauge group $ SU ( 2 ) $ of Electroweak Model and gauge group $ SU ( 3 ) $ of Quantum Chromodynamics are taken identical and tending to zero when temperature increase .	The high-temperature limit of Standard Model generated by the contractions of gauge groups is discussed .	Properties of the elementary particles change drastically at the infinite temperature limit : all particles lose masses , all quarks are monochromatic .	Electroweak interactions become long-range and are mediated by the neutral currents .	Particles of different kind do not interact .
+4	The measured bias-spectroscopy is shown to be consistent with an exact diagonalization of the Mn-complex , and an interpretation of the data is given in terms of a simplified effective model .	We demonstrate an electrically controlled high-spin ( S=5/2 ) to low-spin ( S=1/2 ) transition in a three-terminal device incorporating a single Mn2+ ion coordinated by two terpyridine ligands .	By adjusting the gate-voltage we reduce the terpyridine moiety and thereby strengthen the ligand-field on the Mn-atom .	Adding a single electron thus stabilizes the low-spin configuration and the corresponding sequential tunnelling current is suppressed by spin-blockade .	From low-temperature inelastic cotunneling spectroscopy , we infer the magnetic excitation spectrum of the molecule and uncover also a strongly gate-dependent singlet-triplet splitting on the low-spin side .
+3	In all the channels , we unavoidably find lowest scattering states pi ( k ) pi ( -k ) or K ( k ) pi ( -k ) with back-to-back momentum k=0,2*pi/L , .. .	We address the question whether the lightest scalar mesons sigma and kappa are tetraquarks , as is strongly supported by many phenomenological studies .	We present a search for possible light tetraquark states with J^PC=0^++ and I=0 , 1/2 , 3/2 , 2 on the lattice .	The spectrum is determined using the generalized eigenvalue method with a number of tetraquark interpolators at the source and the sink .	However , we find an additional light state in the I=0 and I=1/2 channels , which may be related to the observed resonances sigma and kappa with a strong tetraquark component .
+4	The couplings follow rather closely the pattern predicted by the quark-pair-creation model .	The NN results are presented from the extended-soft-core ( ESC ) interactions .	They cosist of local- and non-local-potentials due to ( i ) one-boson-exchange ( OBE ) , pseudo-scalar- , vector- , scalar- , and axial-vector-nonets , ( ii ) diffractive exchanges , ( iii ) two-pseudoscalar-exchange , and ( iv ) meson-pair-exchange ( MPE ) .	Fits to the pp- and np-data for 0 & lt ; T ( lab ) & lt ; 350 MeV have typical \chi^2/Ndata= 1.15 .	Used are less than 20 parameters , which are coupling constants and cut-off masses .
+2	The measured fluxes imply that pionic losses are efficient for CR protons in both galaxies : we show that a fraction F_cal ~ 0.2 - 0.4 of the energy injected in high energy primary CR protons is lost to inelastic proton-proton collisions ( pion production ) before escape , producing gamma rays , neutrinos , and secondary electrons and positrons .	The GeV and TeV emission from M82 and NGC 253 observed by Fermi , HESS , and VERITAS constrains the physics of cosmic rays ( CRs ) in these dense starbursts .	We argue that the gamma rays are predominantly hadronic in origin , as expected by previous studies .	We discuss the factor ~2 uncertainties in this estimate , including supernova rate and leptonic contributions to the GeV-TeV emission .	We argue that gamma-ray data on ULIRGs like Arp 220 can test whether M82 and NGC 253 are truly calorimetric , and we present upper limits on Arp 220 from the Fermi data .
+2	DNA sequencing is , however , currently still a vastly time-consuming and very expensive task [ 4 ] , consisting of pre-processing steps , the actual sequencing using the Sanger method , and post-processing in the form of data analysis [ 7 ] .	The determination of a patient 's DNA sequence can , in principle , reveal an increased risk to fall ill with particular diseases [ 1,2 ] and help to design `` personalized medicine '' [ 3 ] .	Moreover , statistical studies and comparison of genomes [ 4 ] of a large number of individuals are crucial for the analysis of mutations [ 5 ] and hereditary diseases , paving the way to preventive medicine [ 6 ] .	Here we propose a new approach that relies on functionalized nanopore-embedded electrodes to achieve an unambiguous distinction of the four nucleic acid bases in the DNA sequencing process .	This represents a significant improvement over previously studied designs [ 8,9 ] which can not reliably distinguish all four bases of DNA .
+2	To this end we define a Lie algebra operator vessel and a linear overdetermined system on an associated simply connected Lie group , $ \mathfrak { G } $ .	Let $ \mathfrak { g } $ be a finite dimensional real Lie algebra .	We study non-selfadjoint representations of $ \mathfrak { g } $ .	We develop the frequency domain theory of the system in terms of representations of $ \mathfrak { G } $ .	Lastly we apply the theory to the Lie algebra of the $ ax+b $ group , the group of affine transformations of the line .
+3	For higher dimensional problems , however , these techniques are usually inappropriate since the required number of particles to achieve satisfactory estimates grows exponentially with the dimension of state space .	Nonlinear/non-Gaussian filtering has broad applications in many areas of life sciences where either the dynamic is nonlinear and/or the probability density function of uncertain state is non-Gaussian .	In such problems , the accuracy of the estimated quantities depends highly upon how accurately their posterior pdf can be approximated .	In low dimensional state spaces , methods based on Sequential Importance Sampling ( SIS ) can suitably approximate the posterior pdf .	On the other hand , ensemble Kalman filter ( EnKF ) and its variants are more suitable for large-scale problems due to transformation of particles in the Bayesian update step .
+4	The quality of the astrometric and photometric accuracy has been verified by comparison with the 2MASS as well as with SDSS astrometry , and SDSS and previous WINGS imaging .	The Wide-field Nearby Galaxy-cluster Survey ( WINGS ) is a wide-field multi-wavelength survey of X-ray selected clusters at z =0.04-0.07 .	The original 34'x34 ' WINGS field-of- view has now been extended to cover a 1 sq.deg field with both photometry and spectroscopy .	In this paper we present the Johnson B and V-band OmegaCAM/VST observations of 46 WINGS clusters , together with the data reduction , data quality and Sextractor photometric catalogs .	With a median seeing of 1arcs in both bands , our 25-minutes exposures in each band typically reach the 50 % completeness level at V=23.1 mag .
+2	Non-connected Kac-Moody groups appear naturally as semidirect product of \C^* with a central extension of loop groups LG , where the underlying simple group G is no longer simply connected and might even be non-connected .	We generalise the concept of a Steinberg cross-section to non-connected Kac-Moody group .	As in the connected case , which was treated by G. Br\ '' uchert , a quotient map w.r.t the conjugacy action exists only on a certain submonoid of the Kac-Moody group .	In contrast to the connected case , the understanding of central extensions of non-connected loop groups is a rather complicated issue .	Following the approach of V. Toledano Laredo , who dealt with the case of automorphisms coming from the fundamental group pi_1 ( G ) , we classify all of these central extensions for cyclic component group of LG .
+3	The proposed power controller is proved to preserve Gaussianity of local estimate innovation , which enables us to obtain a closed-form solution of the expected state estimation error covariance .	We consider sensor transmission power control for state estimation , using a Bayesian inference approach .	A sensor node sends its local state estimate to a remote estimator over an unreliable wireless communication channel with random data packet drops .	As related to packet dropout rate , transmission power is chosen by the sensor based on the relative importance of the local state estimate .	Comparisons with alternative non data-driven controllers demonstrate performance improvement using our approach .
+2	In the case of the H $ _2 $ molecule , we find that inelastic backscattering is responsible for the drop of the differential conductance at biases larger than the excitation energy of the lower of the molecular phonon modes .	We present a study of the effects of inelastic scattering on the transport properties of various nanoscale devices , namely H $ _2 $ molecules sandwiched between Pt contacts , and a spin-valve made by an organic molecule attached to model half-metal ferromagnetic current/voltage probes .	In both cases we use a tight-binding Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Hamiltonian and the inelastic effects are treated with a multi-channel method , including Pauli exclusion principle .	In the case of the spin-valve , we investigate the different spin-currents and the magnetoresistance as a function of the position of the Fermi level with respect to the spin-polarized band edges .	In general inelastic scattering reduces the spin-polarization of the current and consequently the magnetoresistance .
+3	The circuit schemes can be used to simulate any given operator by setting the angle values in the circuit .	Unlike fixed designs , programmable circuit designs support an infinite number of operators .	The functionality of a programmable circuit can be altered by simply changing the angle values of the rotation gates in the circuit .	Here , we present a new quantum circuit design technique resulting in two general programmable circuit schemes .	This provides a fixed circuit design whose angles are determined from the elements of the given matrix-which can be non-unitary-in an efficient way .
+0	Dynamic network reconfiguration is described as the process of replacing one routing function with another while the network keeps running .	The main challenge is avoiding deadlock anomalies while keeping limitations on message injection and forwarding minimal .	Current approaches , whose complexity is so high that their practical applicability is limited , either require the existence of extra network resources like virtual channels , or they affect the performance of the network during the reconfiguration process .	In this paper we present a simple , fast and efficient mechanism for dynamic network reconfiguration which is based on regressive deadlock recoveries instead of avoiding deadlocks .	The mechanism which is referred to as DBR guarantees a deadlock-free reconfiguration based on wormhole switching ( WS ) and it does not require additional resources .
+1	In single crystals , the mobility reached 320 cm^2 ( Vs ) ^-1 at a doping level of 8x10^19 cm^-3 , constituting the highest value among wide-band-gap semiconductors .	We discovered that La-doped BaSnO3 with the perovskite structure has an unprecedentedly high mobility at room temperature while retaining its optical transparency .	In epitaxial films , the maximum mobility was 70 cm^2 ( Vs ) ^-1 at a doping level of 4.4x10^20 cm^-3 .	We also show that resistance of ( Ba , La ) SnO3 changes little even after a thermal cycle to 530 Deg .	C in air , pointing to an unusual stability of oxygen atoms and great potential for realizing transparent high-frequency , high-power functional devices .
+2	A quantitative fit of our data is obtained , consistent with the theory of a quasi-one-dimensional metallic system with quantum corrections due to weak localization and electron-electron interactions .	Single crystal ZnO nanowires doped with indium are synthesized via the laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition method .	The conductivity of the nanowires is measured at low temperatures in magnetic fields both perpendicular and parallel to the wire axes .	The anisotropy of the magneto-conductivity agrees with theory .	The two quantum corrections are of approximately equal magnitude with respective temperature dependences of T^-1/3 and T^-1/2 .
+3	The analogy with integral lattices and binary codes is emphasized .	We investigate self-dual vertex operator algebras ( VOAs ) and super algebras ( SVOAs ) .	Using the genus one correlation functions , it is shown that self-dual SVOAs exist only for half-integral central charges .	It is described how self-dual SVOAs can be constructed from self-dual VOAs of larger central charge .	One main result is the construction of the shorter Moonshine module , a self-dual SVOA of central charge 23.5 on which the Baby monster - the second largest sporadic simple group - acts by automorphisms .
+2	First of all , accommodating all experimental results in a single and simple framework is not possible , and the possibility of sterile neutrinos entering the oscillation process has not been ruled out .	After the recent experimental results on neutrino oscillations , some shape starts to emerge from the puzzle .	However , the situation is still far from being clarified .	Moreover , new questions arise that the presently-available data , nor those that will be available in a near future , will be able to answer .	In this paper some of these problems will be discussed , as well as the experimental guidelines for their clarification .
+1	Such a technique was fully exploited 30 years ago in two seminal works of Baker , Nickel , Green and Meiron , which lead to the knowledge of the $ \beta $ -function up to the 6-loop level ; they succeeded in obtaining a precise numerical evaluation of all needed Feynman amplitudes in momentum space by lowering the dimensionalities of each integration with a cleverly arranged set of computational simplifications .	Within the framework of field-theoretical description of second-order phase transitions via the 3-dimensional O ( N ) vector model , accurate predictions for critical exponents can be obtained from ( resummation of ) the perturbative series of Renormalization-Group functions , which are in turn derived -- following Parisi 's approach -- from the expansions of appropriate field correlators evaluated at zero external momenta .	In fact , extending this computation is not straightforward , due both to the factorial proliferation of relevant diagrams and the increasing dimensionality of their associated integrals ; in any case , this task can be reasonably carried on only in the framework of an automated environment .	On the road towards the creation of such an environment , we here show how a strategy closely inspired by that of Nickel and coworkers can be stated in algorithmic form , and successfully implemented on the computer .	As an application , we plot the minimized distributions of residual integrations for the sets of diagrams needed to obtain RG-functions to the full 7-loop level ; they represent a good evaluation of the computational effort which will be required to improve the currently available estimates of critical exponents .
+4	These analyses are a demonstration of techniques for measuring the neutrino contamination of anti-neutrino beams observed by future non-magnetized detectors .	Two independent methods are employed to measure the neutrino flux of the anti-neutrino-mode beam observed by the MiniBooNE detector .	The first method compares data to simulated event rates in a high purity $ \numu $ induced charged-current single $ \pip $ ( CC1 $ \pip $ ) sample while the second exploits the difference between the angular distributions of muons created in $ \numu $ and $ \numub $ charged-current quasi-elastic ( CCQE ) interactions .	The results from both analyses indicate the prediction of the neutrino flux component of the pre-dominately anti-neutrino beam is over-estimated - the CC1 $ \pip $ analysis indicates the predicted $ \numu $ flux should be scaled by $ 0.76 \pm 0.11 $ , while the CCQE angular fit yields $ 0.65 \pm 0.23 $ .	The energy spectrum of the flux prediction is checked by repeating the analyses in bins of reconstructed neutrino energy , and the results show that the spectral shape is well modeled .
+0	We report the detection , both in line and continuum emission , of a galaxy responsible for a damped Ly-alpha absorption ( DLA ) system at z=3.15 projected 2.3 arcsec from QSO 2233+131 .	The star formation rate implied by both the Ly-alpha and restframe far-UV continuum is approximately 7 M_sun / yr .	The galaxy also shows no sign of an active nucleus and has blue colors , both consistent with it being observed early in its star formation history .	The Ly-alpha emission is offset approximately 200 km/s from the DLA velocity , which could be explained as the rotational signature of a disk galaxy .	We also report on the progress of an ongoing near-infrared narrow-band search with the Keck telescope for line emission from a population of primeval galaxies at high redshift .
+0	A series of examples of toric Sasaki-Einstein 5-manifolds is constructed .	These are submanifolds of toric 3-Sasaki 7-manifolds and such a Sasaki-Einstein 5-manifold corresponds uniquely to a toric 3-Sasaki 7-manifold .	This produces examples of quasi-regular Sasaki-Einstein structures on every # k ( S^2 xS^3 ) , for k odd .	Toric geometry is used to construct examples of positive Ricci curvature toric Sasaki structures on non-spin 5-manifolds .	Then the join construction is used to construct infinitely many quasi-regular toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds with arbitrarily high second Betti number in every odd dimesion & gt ; 3 .
+0	The quantum smoothing theory [ Tsang , Phys.Rev.Lett .	102 , 250403 ( 2009 ) ; Phys.Rev .	A , in press ( e-print arXiv:0906.4133 ) ] is extended to account for discrete jumps in the classical random process to be estimated , discrete variables in the quantum system , such as spin , angular momentum , and photon number , and Poissonian measurements , such as photon counting .	The extended theory is used to model atomic magnetometers and study Hardy 's paradox in phase space .	In the phase-space picture of Hardy 's proposed experiment , the negativity of the predictive Wigner distribution is identified as the culprit of the disagreement between classical reasoning and quantum mechanics .
+1	Breakup and coalescence models provide closures for mathematical formulation of the population balance equation ( PBE ) and are crucial for accu- rate predictions of the mean droplet size in the flow .	Population balance framework is a useful tool that can be used to describe size distribution of droplets in a liquid-liquid dispersion .	Number of closures for both breakup and coalescence can be identified in the literature and most of them need an estimation of model parameters that can differ even by several orders of magnitude on a case to case basis .	In this paper we review the fundamental assumptions and derivation of breakup and coalescence ker- nels .	Subsequently , we rigorously apply two-stage optimization over several independent sets of experiments in order to identify model parameters .
+0	We present moderate resolution Keck spectroscopy of quasars at z=5.82 , 5.99 and 6.28 , discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) .	We find that the Ly Alpha absorption in the spectra of these quasars evolves strongly with redshift .	To z~5.7 , the Ly Alpha absorption evolves as expected from an extrapolation from lower redshifts .	However , in the highest redshift object , SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0 ( z=6.28 ) , the average transmitted flux is 0.0038+-0.0026 times that of the continuum level over 8450 A & lt ; lambda & lt ; 8710 A ( 5.95 & lt ; z ( abs ) & lt ; 6.16 ) , consistent with zero flux .	Thus the flux level drops by a factor of & gt ; 150 , and is consistent with zero flux in the Ly Alpha forest region immediately blueward of the Ly Alpha emission line , compared with a drop by a factor of ~10 at z ( abs ) ~5.3 .
+0	With the recent surge of social networks like Facebook , new forms of recommendations have become possible - personalized recommendations of ads , content , and even new friend and product connections based on one 's social interactions .	Since recommendations may use sensitive social information , it is speculated that these recommendations are associated with privacy risks .	The main contribution of this work is in formalizing these expected trade-offs between the accuracy and privacy of personalized social recommendations .	In this paper , we study whether `` social recommendations '' , or recommendations that are solely based on a user 's social network , can be made without disclosing sensitive links in the social graph .	More precisely , we quantify the loss in utility when existing recommendation algorithms are modified to satisfy a strong notion of privacy , called differential privacy .
+0	Recently published formulas for the one-center integrals arising in atomic Hartree-Fock-Roothaan ( HFR ) calculations with noninteger n STOs ( S.Gumus , T. Ozdogan , Chin.J .	Chem. , 22 ( 2004 ) 1262 ) are critically analyzed .	The purpose of this note is to point out that the presented in these work relations for the integer n -nuclear attraction and kinetic energy integrals which are available in the literature ( C.C.J .	Roothaan , J. Chem .	Phys. , 19 ( 1951 ) 1445 ) can not be used for noninteger STOs .
+0	The problem of pursuing a moving target is always one of the main topics in navigation .	In the literatures , there are two well-known algorithms called Pure Pursuit and Pure Rendezvous navigation in the 3-dimensional space $ \mathbb { R } ^3 $ .	In this paper , these two methods are combined to introduce a novel family of pursuing algorithms called Composed Pursuit Navigation .	The Kinematic and geometric properties of this navigation is studied .	The trajectories of this new family of algorithms benefit the advantages of two known methods and its prominence is demonstrated in two real examples .
+0	We present an extension to the labelling approach , a technique for lifting resource consumption information from compiled to source code .	This approach , which is at the core of the annotating compiler from a large fragment of C to 8051 assembly of the CerCo project , looses preciseness when differences arise as to the cost of the same portion of code , whether due to code transformation such as loop optimisations or advanced architecture features ( e.g.cache ) .	We propose to address this weakness by formally indexing cost labels with the iterations of the containing loops they occur in .	These indexes can be transformed during the compilation , and when lifted back to source code they produce dependent costs .	The proposed changes have been implemented in CerCo 's untrusted prototype compiler from a large fragment of C to 8051 assembly .
+3	Our choice of null coordinates solves the radial ingoing null geodesic by construction .	We use null spherical ( observational ) coordinates to describe a class of inhomogeneous cosmological models .	The proposed cosmological construction is based on the observer past null cone .	A known difficulty in using inhomogeneous models is that the null geodesic equation is not integrable in general .	Furthermore , we use an approach where the velocity field is uniquely calculated from the metric rather than put in by hand .
+2	The coupling between local electronic transitions and vibrations is described within the Huang-Rhys model using parameters that are obtained by discretization of an experimental spectral density .	The coupled quantum dynamics of excitonic and vibrational degrees of freedom is investigated for high-dimensional models of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson ( FMO ) complex .	This includes a seven and an eight-site model with 518 and 592 harmonic vibrational modes , respectively .	Different pathways of excitation energy flow are analyzed in terms of the reduced one-exciton density matrix , focussing on the role of vibrational and vibronic excitation .	Distinct features due to both competing time scales of vibrational and exciton motion and vibronically-assisted transfer are observed .
+3	With only 1 $ { fb } ^ { -1 } $ of data each of these signatures may allow to observe an excess of events over Standard Model expectation with a statistical significance exceeding 5 standard deviations .	This paper discusses the ATLAS potential to study Supersymmetry for the `` Focus-Point '' region of the parameter space of mSUGRA models .	The potential to discovery a deviation from Standard Model expectations with the first few $ { fb } ^ { -1 } $ of LHC data was studied using the parametrized simulation of the ATLAS detector .	Several signatures were considered , involving hard jets , large missing energy , and either $ b $ -tagged jets , opposite-sign isolated electron or muon pairs , or top quarks reconstructed exploiting their fully hadronic decays .	An analytical expression was derived for the shape of the distribution of the dilepton invariant mass arising from the three-body leptonic decay of the neutralinos under the hypothesis of heavy scalars , which is appropriate for the focus-point scenario .
+0	This technical report presents the work done as part of the AutoSeer project .	Our work in this project was to develop a source-to-source compiler , MANET , for the C language that could be used for instrumentation of critical parts of applications under testing .	The intention was to guide the compilation flow and define instrumentation strategies using the Aspect-Oriented Approach provided by LARA .	This allows a separation of the original target application and the instrumentation secondary concerns .	One of the goals of this work was the development of a source-to-source C compiler that modifies code according to an input strategy .
+0	Some new global results are given about solutions to the boundary value problem for the Euler-Lagrange equations for the Ginzburg-Landau model of a one-dimensional superconductor .	The main advance is a proof that in some parameter range there is a branch of asymmetric solutions connecting the branch of symmetric solutions to the normal state .	Also , simplified proofs are presented for some local bifurcation results of Bolley and Helffer .	These proofs require no detailed asymptotics for the solutions of the linear equations .	Finally , an error in Odeh 's work on this problem is discussed .
+0	PSR B1259-63/SS2883 is a binary system which consists of a 48-ms radio pulsar and a massive star in a highly eccentric orbit with a period of about 3.4 years .	Non-pulsed and non-thermal emissions from this binary have been reported in the radio , X-ray and TeV gamma-ray energy ranges .	Light curves in the radio and X-ray bands showed characteristic double-peaked features which can be attibuted to the interactions of the pulsar wind and the Be disk during the crossings by the pulsar .	The TeV light curves around periastron differ between 2004 and 2007 observations , and the feature is not conclusive .	We report a detection of GeV gamma-ray emission around the periastron passage in December 2010 with Fermi-LAT .
+0	The structural and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles embedded in a non-magnetic ZnO matrix are presented .	X-ray diffractograms and Transmission Electron Microscopy ( TEM ) images showed that the resulting samples are composed of crystalline ferrite nanoparticles with average crystallite size & lt ; D & gt ; = 23.4 ( 0.9 ) nm , uniformly dispersed within the ZnO matrix .	Magnetization data indicated a superparamagnetic-like behavior from room temperature down to T_ { M } ~ 20 K , where a transition to a frozen state is observed .	The M ( H ) curves displayed nearly zero coercive field down to TM , where a sharp increase in the H_C value is observed .	The measured saturation magnetization M_S values at 200 and 2 K were M_S = 0.028 ( 3 ) and 0.134 ( 7 ) muB/f.u .
+0	Starting from the Hofstadter butterfly , we define lattice versions of Landau levels as well as a continuum limit which ensures that they scale to continuum Landau levels .	By including a next-neighbor repulsive interaction and projecting onto the lowest lattice Landau level , we show that incompressible ground states exist at filling fractions , $ \nu = 1/3 , 2/5 $ and $ 3/7 $ .	Already for values of $ l_0/a \sim 2 $ where $ l_0 $ ( $ a $ ) is the magnetic length ( lattice constant ) , the lattice version of the $ \nu = 1/3 $ state reproduces with nearly perfect accuracy the the continuum Laughlin state .	The numerical data strongly suggests that at odd filling fractions of the lowest lattice Landau level , the lattice constant is an irrelevant length scale .	We find a new relation between the hierarchy of incompressible states and the self-similar structure of the Hofstadter butterfly .
+4	However , we also observe a `` flip '' in the direction of the gradient between June 2000 and August 2002 .	Several multi-frequency polarization studies have shown the presence of systematic Faraday Rotation gradients across the parsec-scale jets of Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) , taken to be due to the systematic variation of the line-of-sight component of a helical magnetic ( B ) field across the jet .	Other studies have confirmed the presence and sense of these gradients in several sources , thus providing evidence that these gradients persist over time and over large distances from the core .	However , we find surprising new evidence for a reversal in the direction of the Faraday Rotation gradient across the jet of B1803+784 , for which multi-frequency polarization observations are available at four epochs .	At our three epochs and the epoch of Zavala & amp ; Taylor ( 2003 ) , we observe transverse Rotation Measure ( RM ) gradients across the jet , consistent with the presence of a helical magnetic field wrapped around the jet .
+3	Selected results for the spectrum and strong and electromagnetic decays are described .	We review the current status and present open challenges of large $ N_c $ QCD baryon spectroscopy .	After introducing the $ 1/N_c $ expansion method we first shortly revisit the latest achievements for the ground state properties .	Next we discuss the applicability of this method to excited states , presenting two different approaches with their advantages and disadvantages .	We also show further developments supported by the qualitative compatibility between the quark excitation picture and the meson-nucleon scattering picture .
+1	In fact , contrary to previous campaigns , Fermi mission reveals that BL Lac objects are the most abundant emitters in gamma-ray band .	The advent of Fermi is changing our understanding on the radio and gamma-ray emission in Active Galactic Nuclei .	However , since they are relatively weak sources , most of their parsec scale structure as their multifrequency properties are poorly understood and/or not systematically investigated .	Our main goal is to analyse , using a multiwavelength approach , the nuclear properties of an homogeneous sample of 42 faint BL Lacs , selected , for the first time in literature , with no constraint on their radio and gamma-ray flux densities/emission .	We began asking and obtaining new VLBA observations at 8 and 15 GHz for the whole sample .
+1	These spaces have been constructed by Boalch by means of an infinite-dimensional symplectic reduction .	This paper deals with moduli spaces of framed principal bundles with connections with irregular singularities over a compact Riemann surface .	It is proved that the symplectic structure induced from the Atiyah -- Bott form agrees with the one given in terms of hypercohomology .	The main results of this paper adapt work of Krichever and of Hurtubise to give an interpretation of some Hitchin Hamiltonians as yielding Hamiltonian vector fields on moduli spaces of irregular connections that arise from differences of isomonodromic flows defined in two different ways .	This relies on a realization of open sets in the moduli space of bundles as arising via Hecke modification of a fixed bundle .
+1	Both the intra- and inter-cluster edge densities vanish when the size of the graph grows large , making the cluster reconstruction problem nosier and hence difficult to solve .	In this paper , we consider sparse networks consisting of a finite number of non-overlapping communities , i.e.disjoint clusters , so that there is higher density within clusters than across clusters .	We are interested in scenarios where the network size is very large , so that the adjacency matrix of the graph is hard to manipulate and store .	The data stream model in which columns of the adjacency matrix are revealed sequentially constitutes a natural framework in this setting .	For this model , we develop two novel clustering algorithms that extract the clusters asymptotically accurately .
+0	We present the first three-dimensional simulations of fingering convection performed in a parameter regime close to the one relevant for astrophysics , and reveal the existence of simple asymptotic scaling laws for turbulent heat and compositional transport .	These laws can straightforwardly be extrapolated to the true astrophysical regime .	Our investigation also indicates that thermocompositional `` staircases , '' a key consequence of fingering convection in the ocean , can not form spontaneously in the fingering regime in stellar interiors .	Our proposed empirically-determined transport laws thus provide simple prescriptions for mixing by fingering convection in a variety of astrophysical situations , and should , from here on , be used preferentially over older and less accurate parameterizations .	They also establish that fingering convection does not provide sufficient extra mixing to explain observed chemical abundances in RGB stars .
+2	This work presents a new method for the modeling of fringing field , in which the effect of fringing field is modeled as a serial capacitor .	Fringing field has to be taken into account in the formulation of electrostatic parallel-plate actuators when the gap separating the electrodes is comparable to the geometrical dimensions of the moving plate .	Even in this case , the existing formulations often result in complicated mathematical models from which it is difficult to determine the deflection of the moving plate for given voltages and therefore to predict the necessary applied voltages for actuation control .	Numerical simulation demonstrates the suitability of this formulation .	Based on this model , a robust control scheme is constructed using the theory of input-to-state stabilization ( ISS ) and back-stepping state feedback design .
+4	In contrast , devices with barriers formed by thermal oxidation showed a small shunt conductance in addition to the predicted subgap current .	Josephson junctions were fabricated using two different methods of barrier formation .	The trilayers employed were Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb on sapphire , where the first two layers were epitaxial .	The oxide barrier was formed either by exposing the Al surface to O2 or by codepositing Al in an O2 background .	The codeposition process yielded junctions that showed the theoretically predicted subgap current and no measurable shunt conductance .
+3	These spin-2 modes have a profile wave-function peaked in the interior of the 5D bulk space-time .	We investigate the conditions for obtaining four-dimensional massless spin-2 states in the spectrum of fluctuations around an asymptotically $ AdS_5 $ solution of Einstein-Dilaton gravity .	We find it is only possible to have normalizable massless spin-2 modes if the space-time terminates at some IR point in the extra dimension , far from the UV AdS boundary , and if suitable boundary conditions are imposed at the `` end of space . ''	In some of these cases the 4D spectrum consists only of a massless spin-2 graviton , with no additional massless or light scalar or vector modes .	Under the holographic duality , they may be sometimes interpreted as arising purely from the IR dynamics of a strongly coupled QFT living on the AdS boundary .
+1	Detection of high redshift absorption systems intersecting the sight lines towards distant quasars provide a powerful tool for measuring these variations .	Theories unifying gravity and other interactions suggest the possibility of spatial and temporal variation of physical `` constants '' in the Universe .	In the present paper we demonstrate that high sensitivity to variation of the fine structure constant alpha can be obtained by comparing cosmic and laboratory spectra of the Ni II ion .	Relativistic effects in Ni II reveal many interesting features .	The Ni II spectrum exhibits avoided level crossing phenomenon under variation of alpha and the intervals between the levels have strong nonlinear dependencies on relativistic corrections .
+3	Several complete genomic sequences were analyzed , using visualization of tables of triplet frequencies in a sliding window .	In several recent papers new gene-detection algorithms were proposed for detecting protein-coding regions without requiring learning dataset of already known genes .	The fact that unsupervised gene-detection is possible closely connected to existence of a cluster structure in oligomer frequency distributions .	In this paper we study cluster structure of several genomes in the space of their triplet frequencies , using pure data exploration strategy .	The distribution of 64-dimensional vectors of triplet frequencies displays a well-detectable cluster structure .
+1	Some of them exhibit large deviations with respect to the SM predictions .	We present a global analysis of the B- & gt ; K* ( - & gt ; K pi ) mu+mu- decay using the recent LHCb measurements of the primary observables P_ { 1,2 } and P'_ { 4,5,6,8 } .	We explain the observed pattern of deviations through a large New Physics contribution to the Wilson coefficient of the semileptonic operator O9 .	This contribution has an opposite sign to the SM one , i.e. , reduces the size of this coefficient significantly .	A good description of data is achieved by allowing for New Physics contributions to the Wilson coefficients C7 and C9 only .
+0	A significant limitation of practical quantum key distribution ( QKD ) setups is currently their limited operational range .	It has recently been emphasized ( X. Ma , C.-H. F. Fung , and H.-K.Lo. , Phys.Rev .	A , 76:012307 , 2007 ) that entanglement-based QKD systems can tolerate higher channel losses than systems based on weak coherent laser pulses ( WCP ) , in particular when the source is located symmetrically between the two communicating parties , Alice and Bob .	In the work presented here , we experimentally study this important advantage by implementing different entanglement-based QKD setups on a 144~km free-space link between the two Canary Islands of La Palma and Tenerife .	We established three different configurations where the entangled photon source was placed at Alice 's location , asymmetrically between Alice and Bob and symmetrically in the middle between Alice and Bob , respectively .
+2	Open clusters represent especially useful targets to investigate the rotation/activity/age connection .	Rotation and magnetic activity are intimately linked in main-sequence stars of G or later spectral types .	The presence and level of magnetic activity depend on stellar rotation , and rotation itself is strongly influenced by strength and topology of the magnetic fields .	The open cluster M11 has been studied as a part of the RACE-OC project ( Rotation and ACtivity Evolution in Open Clusters ) , which is aimed at exploring the evolution of rotation and magnetic activity in the late-type members of open clusters with different ages .	Photometric observations of the open cluster M11 were carried out in June 2004 using LOAO 1m telescope .
+0	Community structure in networks is often a consequence of homophily , or assortative mixing , based on some attribute of the vertices .	For example , researchers may be grouped into communities corresponding to their research topic .	This is possible if vertex attributes have discrete values , but many networks exhibit assortative mixing by some continuous-valued attribute , such as age or geographical location .	In such cases , no discrete communities can be identified .	We consider how the notion of community structure can be generalized to networks that are based on continuous-valued attributes : in general , a network may contain discrete communities which are ordered according to their attribute values .
+2	Subsequent studies have formulated the problem in terms of a relativistically charged particle in interaction with the electromagnetic field .	The problem of the classical non-relativistic electromagnetically kicked oscillator can be cast into the form of an iterative map on phase space .	The original work of Zaslovskii { \it et al } showed that the resulting evolution contains a stochastic flow in phase space to unbounded energy .	We review the standard derivation of the covariant Lorentz force , and review the structure of the relativistic equations used to study this problem .	We show that the Lorentz force equation can be derived as well from the manifestly covariant mechanics of Stueckelberg in the presence of a standard Maxwell field .
+1	We show that in the presence of Coulomb interactions the system at the Van Hove filling is likely to undergo a Pomeranchuk instability breaking the lattice point group symmetry .	The density of states of graphene has Van Hove singularities that can be reached by chemical doping and have already been explored in photoemission experiments .	In the presence of an on -- site Hubbard interaction the system is also unstable towards ferromagnetism .	We explore the competition of the two instabilities and build the phase diagram .	We also suggest that , for doping levels where the trigonal warping is noticeable , the Fermi liquid state in graphene can be stable up to zero temperature avoiding the Kohn -- Luttinger mechanism and providing an example of two dimensional Fermi liquid at zero temperature .
+0	In recent years , a large number of genomic and epigenomic studies have been focusing on the integrative analysis of multiple experimental datasets measured over a large number of observational units .	The objectives of such studies include not only inferring a hidden state of activity for each unit over individual experiments , but also detecting highly associated clusters of units based on their inferred states .	In this paper , we develop the MBASIC ( Matrix Based Analysis for State-space Inference and Clustering ) framework .	MBASIC consists of two parts : state-space mapping and state-space clustering .	In state-space mapping , it maps observations onto a finite state-space , representing the activation states of units across conditions .
+0	We report 57Fe Mossbauer spectral results in pure and doped Ba ( Fe1-xNix ) 2As2 with x=0.01 and 0.03 .	We show that all these materials present a first-order magnetic transition towards a magnetically ordered state .	In the doped compounds , a broad distribution of Fe hyperfine fields is present in the magnetic phase .	We successfully fit the Mossbauer data in Ba ( Fe1-xNix ) 2As2 in the framework of two different models : 1 ) an incommensurate spin density wave ; 2 ) a dopant-induced perturbation of the Fe polarization , recently proposed to interpret 75As NMR data in Ba ( Fe1-xNix ) 2As2 , which is valid only in the very dilute limit x=0.01 .	Moreover , we show here that these NMR data can also be successfully analysed in terms of the 'incommensurate model ' for all doping contents by using the parameters obtained from the Mossbauer spectral analysis .
+4	In this paper , we show that transcriptional regulatory networks can be systematically partitioned into communities whose members are consistently functionally related .	The promise of discovering a functional blueprint of a cellular system from large-scale and high-throughput sequence and experimental data is predicated on the belief that the same top-down investigative approach that proved successful in other biological problems ( e.g.DNA sequencing ) will be as effective when it comes to inferring more complex intracellular processes .	The results in this paper address this fundamental issue in the specific context of transcription regulatory networks .	Although simple recurring regulatory motifs have been identified in the past , due to the size and complexity of the connectivity structure , the subdivision of such networks into larger , and possibly inter-connected , regulatory modules is still under investigation .	Specifically , it is unclear whether functionally well-characterized transcriptional sub-networks can be identified by solely analyzing the connectivity structure of the overall network topology .
+4	The proposed model can resolve this problem by applying the replacement of TCP along with the dejitter buffer ( DB ) it can reduce the network loss and by applying the DEAD RECKONING ( DR ) vector we can recover the network access because it can view the current position of the player through this we can rectify why the player leaving the game and checks the network conditions and try to reactive the game by using mobile devices automatically or else they receive the message according to the network conditions .	This is the web based application , here we analysis the network traffic which occurs when the player plays an online game .	Here we are going to trace the current position of the player to rectify the traffic while playing the game .	There are different types of measures for different applications , those can be normalized and compared with one another but my application can resolve the inconsistency by knowing the positions quickly and focus on quality of network ( QON ) which affects a player to leave the game in middle because of poor quality of service ( QOS ) .	The existing model leads to leave the game because of network loss from both sides .
+2	the tensor transpose .	Tensor transpose is a higher order generalization of matrix transpose .	In this paper , we use permutations and symmetry group to define ?	Then we discuss the classification and composition of tensor transposes .	Properties of tensor transpose are studied in relation to tensor multiplication , tensor eigenvalues , tensor decompositions and tensor rank .
+1	We refer to these graph morphisms as Strict Morphisms .	In the standard Category of Graphs , the graphs allow only one edge to be incident to any two vertices , not necessarily distinct , and the graph morphisms must map edges to edges and vertices to vertices while preserving incidence .	We relax the condition on the graphs allowing any number of edges to be incident to any two vertices , as well as relaxing the condition on graph morphisms by allowing edges to be mapped to vertices , provided that incidence is still preserved .	We call this broader graph category The Category of Conceptual Graphs , and define four other graph categories created by combinations of restrictions of the graph morphisms as well as restrictions on the allowed graphs .	We investigate which Lawvere axioms for the category of Sets and Functions apply to each of these Categories of Graphs , as well as the other categorial constructions of free objects , projective objects , generators , and their categorial duals .
+0	Accurate detection of mitosis plays a critical role in breast cancer histopathology .	Manual detection and counting of mitosis is tedious and subject to considerable inter- and intra-reader variations .	Multispectral imaging is a recent medical imaging technology , proven successful in increasing the segmentation accuracy in other fields .	This study aims at improving the accuracy of mitosis detection by developing a specific solution using multispectral and multifocal imaging of breast cancer histopathological data .	We propose to enable clinical routine-compliant quality of mitosis discrimination from other objects .
+2	We first consider geometrically uniform ( GU ) state sets with a possibly nonabelian generating group , and show that if the generator satisfies a certain constraint , then the LSM is optimal .	We develop a sufficient condition for the least-squares measurement ( LSM ) , or the square-root measurement , to minimize the probability of a detection error when distinguishing between a collection of mixed quantum states .	Using this condition we derive the optimal measurement for state sets with a broad class of symmetries .	In particular , for pure-state GU ensembles the LSM is shown to be optimal .	For arbitrary GU state sets we show that the optimal measurement operators are GU with generator that can be computed very efficiently in polynomial time , within any desired accuracy .
+2	The genetic algorithm is used as a global optimizer and is in charge of efficiently exploring the search space .	This article presents a generic method to solve 2D multi-objective placement problem for free-form components .	The proposed method is a relaxed placement technique combined with an hybrid algorithm based on a genetic algorithm and a separation algorithm .	The separation algorithm is used to legalize solutions proposed by the global optimizer , so that placement constraints are satisfied .	A test case illustrates the application of the proposed method .
+2	In this large-spin phase the uniform magnetic susceptibility diverges as 1/T with a non-universal Curie constant at low temperatures T , while the specific heat vanishes as T^delta |ln T| for T- & gt ; 0 .	The one-dimensional isotropic quantum Heisenberg spin systems with random couplings and random spin sizes are investigated using a real-space renormalization group scheme .	It is demonstrated that these systems belong to a universality class of disordered spin systems , characterized by weakly coupled large effective spins .	For broad range of initial distributions of couplings and spin sizes the distribution functions approach a single fixed-point form , where delta \approx 0.44 .	For some singular initial distributions , however , fixed-point distributions have non-universal values of delta , suggesting that there is a line of fixed points .
+0	We report a new measurement of electron antineutrino disappearance using the fully-constructed Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment .	The final two of eight antineutrino detectors were installed in the summer of 2012 .	Including the 404 days of data collected from October 2012 to November 2013 resulted in a total exposure of 6.9 $ \times $ 10 $ ^5 $ GW $ _ { \rm th } $ -ton-days , a 3.6 times increase over our previous results .	Improvements in energy calibration limited variations between detectors to 0.2 % .	Removal of six $ ^ { 241 } $ Am- $ ^ { 13 } $ C radioactive calibration sources reduced the background by a factor of two for the detectors in the experimental hall furthest from the reactors .
+0	We introduce `` virtual '' crystals of the affine types $ g=D_ { n+1 } ^ { ( 2 ) } $ , $ A_ { 2n } ^ { ( 2 ) } $ and $ C_n^ { ( 1 ) } $ by naturally extending embeddings of crystals of types $ B_n $ and $ C_n $ into crystals of type $ A_ { 2n-1 } $ .	Conjecturally , these virtual crystals are the crystal bases of finite dimensional $ U_q ' ( g ) $ -modules associated with multiples of fundamental weights .	We provide evidence and in some cases proofs of this conjecture .	Recently , fermionic formulas for the one dimensional configuration sums associated with tensor products of the finite dimensional $ U_q ' ( g ) $ -modules were conjectured by Hatayama et al .	We provide proofs of these conjectures in specific cases by exploiting duality properties of crystals and rigged configuration techniques .
+0	In bacterial populations , cells are able to cooperate in order to yield complex collective functionalities .	Interest in population-level cellular behaviour is increasing , due to both our expanding knowledge of the underlying biological principles , and the growing range of possible applications for engineered microbial consortia .	Researchers in the field of synthetic biology - the application of engineering principles to living systems - have , for example , recently shown how useful decision-making circuits may be distributed across a bacterial population .	The ability of cells to interact through small signalling molecules ( a mechanism known as it quorum sensing ) is the basis for the majority of existing engineered systems .	However , horizontal gene transfer ( or conjugation ) offers the possibility of cells exchanging messages ( using DNA ) that are much more information-rich .
+2	A perfect geometrical routing scheme is expected to deliver each packet to the point in the network that is closest to the packet destination .	Large scale decentralized communication systems have introduced the new trend towards online routing where routing decisions are performed based on a limited and localized knowledge of the network .	Geometrical greedy routing has been among the simplest and most common online routing schemes .	However greedy routing fails to guarantee such delivery as the greedy forwarding decision sometimes leads the packets to localized minimums .	This article investigates the necessary and sufficient properties of the greedy supporting graphs that provide the guaranteed delivery of packets when acting as a routing substrate .
+1	The controlling signals are GF ( 2 ) expressions possibly including Boolean expressions .	This paper introduces a symbolic calculus to evaluate the output signals at the target line ( s ) of quantum computing subcircuits using controlled negations and controlled-Q gates , where Q represents the k-th root of [ 0 1 ; 1 0 ] , the unitary matrix of NOT , and k is a power of two .	The method does not require operating with complex-valued matrices .	The method may be used to verify the functionality and to check for possible minimization of a given quantum computing circuit using target lines .	The method does not apply for a whole circuit if there are interactions among target lines .
+4	A companion white paper discusses the kind of numerical simulations and other theoretical tools that will be needed to address the these issues and to create mock catalogs that allow end-to-end tests of analysis procedures .	The Dark Energy Survey ( DES ) will use a new imaging camera on the Blanco 4-m telescope at CTIO to image 5000 square degrees of sky in the South Galactic Cap in four optical bands , and to carry out repeat imaging over a smaller area to identify and measure lightcurves of Type Ia supernovae .	The main imaging area overlaps the planned Sunyaev-Zel'dovich survey of the South Pole Telescope .	The idea behind DES is to use four distinct and largely independent methods to probe the properties of dark energy : baryon oscillations of the power spectrum , abundance and spatial distribution of clusters , weak gravitational lensing , and Type Ia supernovae .	This white paper outlines , in broad terms , some of the theoretical issues associated with the first three of these probes ( the issues for supernovae are mostly different in character ) , and with the general task of characterizing dark energy and distinguishing it from alternative explanations for cosmic acceleration .
+3	We show that generally QSE is dominant in affecting the elastic constants of metallic nanostructures while SS is more pronounced in semiconductor and insulator nanostructures .	Generally , there are two distinct effects in modifying the properties of low-dimensional nanostructures : surface effect ( SS ) due to increased surface-volume ratio and quantum size effect ( QSE ) due to quantum confinement in reduced dimension .	The SS has been widely shown to affect the elastic constants and mechanical properties of nanostructures .	Here , using Pb nanofilm and graphene nanoribbon as model systems , we demonstrate the QSE on the elastic constants of nanostructures by first-principles calculations .	Our findings have broad implications in quantum aspects of nanomechanics .
+3	The mass composition of very high-energy cosmic rays has been estimated .	Arrival directions of extensive air showers by using world data are considered .	It is found that the shower distribution in zenith angle at the energies E & gt ; 10^ { 19 } eV and E & gt ; 4x10^ { 19 } eV differs from each other .	By our estimations , the shower with E & gt ; 10^ { 20 } eV at the Sugar array was not registered .	It is shown that E & gt ; 4x10^ { 19 } eV cosmic rays are , most likely , super heavy nuclei with charge Z & gt ; 26 .
+2	All scaling relations are in agreement after accounting for these two effects .	We compare cluster scaling relations published for three different samples selected via X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich ( SZ ) signatures .	We find tensions driven mainly by two factors : i ) systematic differences in the X-ray cluster observables used to derive the scaling relations , and ii ) uncertainty in the modeling of how the gas mass of galaxy clusters scales with total mass .	We describe a multivariate scaling model that enables a fully self-consistent treatment of multiple observational catalogs in the presence of property covariance , and apply this formalism when interpreting published results .	The corrections due to scatter and observable covariance can be significant .
+2	From an extensive program of optical and near-IR imaging and optical spectroscopy , we find that the galaxies appear to be similar to normal galaxies at the present epoch , ranging from late -- type spiral galaxies to those whose spectra and colors resemble present -- day ellipticals .	We present some of the results of a large survey aimed at establishing the properties of galaxies selected by their having produced detectable Mg~II $ \lambda\lambda 2796 $ , 2803 absorption in the spectra of background QSOs .	The present sample covers the redshift range $ 0.2 \le z \le 1.0 $ , with $ \langle z \rangle = 0.65 $ .	Contrary to some faint field galaxy samples selected using different criteria , over the redshift range observed we find no evidence for significant evolution in rest -- frame $ B-K $ color , space density , or ( rest -- frame $ B $ or $ K $ ) luminosity .	The `` average '' Mg~II absorbing galaxy appears to be consistent with a normal 0.7 $ L_B^ { \ast } $ Sb galaxy having a roughly constant star formation rate since $ z \sim 1 $ , although galaxies spanning a range of a factor of $ \sim 70 $ in luminosity are found in the absorber sample .
+1	These stochastic many-body features characterize transport processes in biology , soft condensed matter and , possibly , also in nanoscience .	Nonequilibrium collective motion is ubiquitous in nature and often results in a rich collection of intringuing phenomena , such as the formation of shocks or patterns , subdiffusive kinetics , traffic jams , and nonequilibrium phase transitions .	Inspired by these applications , a wide class of lattice-gas models has recently been considered .	Building on the celebrated { \it totally asymmetric simple exclusion process } ( TASEP ) and a generalization accounting for the exchanges with a reservoir , we discuss the qualitative and quantitative nonequilibrium properties of these model systems .	We specifically analyze the case of a dimeric lattice gas , the transport in the presence of pointwise disorder and along coupled tracks .
+0	Approximating the optimal social welfare while preserving truthfulness is a well studied problem in algorithmic mechanism design .	Assuming that the social welfare of a given mechanism design problem can be optimized by an integer program whose integrality gap is at most $ \alpha $ , Lavi and Swamy~\cite { Lavi11 } propose a general approach to designing a randomized $ \alpha $ -approximation mechanism which is truthful in expectation .	Their method is based on decomposing an optimal solution for the relaxed linear program into a convex combination of integer solutions .	Unfortunately , Lavi and Swamy 's decomposition technique relies heavily on the ellipsoid method , which is notorious for its poor practical performance .	To overcome this problem , we present an alternative decomposition technique which yields an $ \alpha ( 1 + \epsilon ) $ approximation and only requires a quadratic number of calls to an integrality gap verifier .
+3	RPWs have always been thought to be radial wave propagation that occurs within sunspots .	There have been ubiquitous observations of wave-like motions in the solar atmosphere for decades .	Recent improvements to space- and ground-based observatories have allowed the focus to shift to smaller magnetic structures on the solar surface .	In this paper , high-resolution ground-based data taken using the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope is combined with co-spatial and co-temporal data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly ( AIA ) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory ( SDO ) satellite to analyze running penumbral waves ( RPWs ) .	Recent research has suggested that they are in fact upwardly propagating field-aligned waves ( UPWs ) .
+2	The crossover time is the corresponding Zimm time .	We study single-chain motion in semidilute solutions of polymers of length N = 1000 with excluded-volume and hydrodynamic interactions by a novel algorithm .	The crossover length of the transition from Zimm ( short lengths and times ) to Rouse dynamics ( larger scales ) is proportional to the static screening length .	Our data indicate Zimm behavior at large lengths but short times .	There is no hydrodynamic screening until the chains feel constraints , after which they resist the flow : `` Incomplete screening '' occurs in the time domain .
+1	This study yields that a rational closed geodesic can not be the only closed geodesic on every irreversible or reversible ( including Riemannian ) Finsler sphere , and that there exist at least two distinct closed geodesics on every compact simply connected irreversible or reversible ( including Riemannian ) Finsler 3-dimensional manifold .	In the recent paper \cite { LoD1 } , we classified closed geodesics on Finsler manifolds into rational and irrational two families , and gave a complete understanding on the index growth properties of iterates of rational closed geodesics .	In this paper , we study the index growth properties of irrational closed geodesics on Finsler manifolds .	This study allows us to extend results in \cite { LoD1 } on rational and in \cite { DuL1 } , \cite { Rad4 } and \cite { Rad5 } on completely non-degenerate closed geodesics on spheres and $ \CP^2 $ to every compact simply connected Finsler manifold .	Then we prove the existence of at least two distinct closed geodesics on every compact simply connected irreversible or reversible ( including Riemannian ) Finsler 4-dimensional manifold .
+4	The equation for interacting particles in thermodynamic equilibrium was obtained .	We consider an open quantum many-particle system in which there are dissipative processes .	The evolution of this system is described by a kinetic equation for the density matrix .	From the equation describing a random Markov process in this system , we obtain an equation for the single-particle statistical operator .	This equation describes the evolution of a system of identical particles in a mean-field approximation .
+1	More precisely , we focus on functions belonging to some weighted $ L^2 $ space whose fractional Laplacian belongs to another weighted $ L^2 $ space : we prove and disprove the validity of the integration-by-parts formula depending on the behaviour of the weight $ \rho ( x ) $ at infinity .	We consider the fractional Laplacian operator $ ( -\Delta ) ^s $ ( let $ s \in ( 0,1 ) $ ) on Euclidean space and investigate the validity of the classical integration-by-parts formula that connects the $ L^2 ( \mathbb { R } ^d ) $ product between a function and its fractional Laplacian to the nonlocal norm of the fractional Sobolev space $ \dot { H } ^s ( \mathbb { R } ^d ) $ .	The latter is assumed to behave like a power both near the origin and at infinity ( the two powers being possibly different ) .	Our results have direct consequences for the self-adjointness of the linear operator formally given by $ \rho^ { -1 } ( -\Delta ) ^s $ .	The generality of the techniques developed allows us to deal with weighted $ L^p $ spaces as well .
+2	Their 0th homology categories HP ( A ) , HP ( B ) , and HP ( R_n ) are triangulated and give algebraic formulations of the contact categories of an annulus , a twice punctured disk , and an n times punctured disk .	We define the Hopf superalgebra U_T sl ( 1,1 ) , which is a variant of the quantum supergroup U_q sl ( 1,1 ) , and its tensor product representations V_1^ { \otimes n } for n & gt ; 0 .	We construct families of DG algebras A , B and R_n , and consider the DG categories DGP ( A ) , DGP ( B ) and DGP ( R_n ) , which are full DG subcategories of the categories of DG A- , B- and R_n-modules generated by certain distinguished projective modules .	We categorify the multiplication and comultiplication on U_T sl ( 1,1 ) to a bifunctor HP ( A ) \times HP ( A ) -- & gt ; HP ( A ) and a functor HP ( A ) -- & gt ; HP ( B ) , respectively .	The U_T sl ( 1,1 ) -action on V_1^ { \otimes n } is lifted to a bifunctor HP ( A ) \times HP ( R_n ) -- & gt ; HP ( R_n ) .
+3	Tree and penguin transitions are classified into six different classes .	Two-body charmless nonleptonic decays of B_u and B_d mesons are studied within the framework of generalized factorization in which the effective Wilson coefficients $ c^ { eff } _i $ are renormalization-scale and -scheme independent while factorization is applied to the tree-level hadronic matrix elements .	Contrary to previous studies , our $ c_i^ { eff } $ do not suffer from gauge and infrared problems .	Nonfactorizable effects are parametrized in terms of N_c ( LL ) and N_c ( LR ) , the effective numbers of colors arising from ( V-A ) ( V-A ) and ( V-A ) ( V+A ) four-quark operators , respectively .	The data of $ B^-\to\rho^0\pi^- $ and $ B^-\to\phi K^- $ clearly indicate that $ N_c ( LR ) \neq N_c ( LL ) $ : The first measurement of the b - & gt ; u mode $ B^-\to\rho^0\pi^- $ and the experimental information on the tree-dominated mode $ B^-\to\omega\pi^- $ all imply that Nc ( LL ) is less than 3 , whereas the CLEO measurement of $ B^-\to\phi K^- $ shows Nc ( LR ) & gt ; 3 .
+3	To underline the importance of a null model like that of Barabasi and Albert , we close with two basic remarks .	The percolation threshold of the network model by Barabasi and Albert ( BA-model ) [ Science 286 , 509 ( 1999 ) ] has thus far only been 'guessed ' based on simulations and comparison with other models .	Due to the still uncertain influence of correlations , the reference to other models can not be justified .	In this paper , we explicitly derive the well-known values for the BA-model .	First , we establish a connection between the abundance of scale-free networks in nature and the fact that power-law tails in the degree distribution result only from ( at least asymptotically ) linear preferential attachment : Only in the case of linear preferential attachment does a minimum of topological knowledge about the network suffice for the attachment process .
+2	The suggested mechanism is a strong interaction between neutron and proton Cooper pairs , which arises from an assumed U ( 2 ) symmetry of the effective potential , which is supposed to originate in isospin symmetry of the underlying nuclear interactions .	It has been argued by Buckley et.al . ( Phys.Rev.Lett .	92 , 151102 , 2004 ) that nuclear matter is a type-I rather than a type-II superconductor .	To test this claim , we perform an explicit mean-field calculation of the effective potential of the Cooper pairs in a model with a simple four-point pairing interaction .	In the neutron star context , matter is very neutron rich with less than 10 % protons , so there is no neutron-proton pairing .
+4	Full characterization of the asymptotic behavior is achieved in terms of the dimensions of some random subspaces occurring in the famous Oseledec 's theorem .	Combining losing games into a winning game is a century old dream .	An illustration of what can be done is the so-called Parrondo 's paradox in the Physics literature .	This `` paradox '' is extended to regime switching random walks in random environments .	The paradoxical behavior of the resulting random walk is explained by the effect of the random environment .
+4	The proposed astrometric method is especially efficient at detecting very close binaries .	In addition to constructing a Galactic matter mass function free from the bias induced by the hydrogen-burning limit , gravitational microlensing allows one to construct a mass function which is less affected by the problem of unresolved binaries ( Gaudi & amp ; Gould ) .	However , even with the method of microlensing , the photometric detection of binaries is limited to binary systems with relatively large separations of $ b\gtrsim 0.4 $ of their combined Einstein ring radius , and thus the mass function is still not totally free from the problem of unresolved binaries .	In this paper , we show that by detecting distortions of the astrometric ellipse of a microlensing event with high precision instruments such as the { \it Space Interferometry Mission } , one can detect close binaries at a much higher rate than by the photometric method .	We find that by astrometrically observing microlensing events , $ \sim 50 % $ of binaries with separations of $ 0.1r_ { \rm E } $ can be detected with the detection threshold of 3 % .
+3	We discuss the gauge corrections to the phase diagram at strong coupling and compare our findings with various possible scenarios in continuum QCD .	The phase diagram of lattice QCD in the strong coupling limit can be measured in the full $ \mu $ - $ T $ plane , also in the chiral limit .	In particular , the phase diagram in the chiral limit features a tricritical point at some $ ( \mu_c , T_c ) $ .	This point may be related to the critical end point expected in the QCD phase diagram .	We comment on the possibility that the tricritical point at strong coupling is connected to the tricritical point in the continuum , massless QCD .
+1	Here we used chlorine vacancies in NaCl bilayers on Cu ( 111 ) as a model system to investigate atomic contrast as a function of applied voltage , tip height , and tip functionalization .	Noncontact atomic force microscopy ( NC-AFM ) and Kelvin probe force microscopy ( KPFM ) have become important tools for nanotechnology ; however , their contrast mechanisms on the atomic scale are not entirely understood .	We demonstrate that the AFM contrast on the atomic scale decisively depends on both the tip termination and the sample voltage .	On the contrary , the local contact potential difference ( LCPD ) acquired with KPFM showed the same qualitative contrast for all tip terminations investigated , which resembled the contrast of the electric field of the sample .	We find that the AFM contrast stems mainly from electrostatic interactions but its tip dependence can not be explained by the tip dipole alone .
+2	An important output of such a scenario is that the soft tail of the ICS spectrum can naturally result in a non-thermal X-ray component which can contribute to the luminosities observed by ROSAT and ASCA .	We modify polar cap cascade picture to include the ICS of the higher generation pairs .	In such a `` full-cascade '' scenario , not only the perpendicular portion of the energy of the pairs goes to high energy radiation via SR , but the parallel portion of the energy of the pairs can also contribute to high energy emission via ICS with the soft thermal photons from either the full neutron star surface or the hot polar cap .	Here we present an analytic description of such a full polar cap cascade scenario within the framework of Harding & amp ; Muslimov acceleration model .	We present the theoretical predictions of the $ \gamma $ -ray luminosities , the thermal and non-thermal X-ray luminosities for the known spin-powered X-ray pulsars .
+3	The classical expressions for the Kahler coordinates are non-trivially modified , while the functional form of the Kahler potential is shown to be uncorrected .	We perform a Kaluza-Klein reduction of eleven-dimensional supergravity on a Calabi-Yau fourfold including terms quartic and cubic in the Riemann curvature and determine the induced corrections to the three-dimensional N=2 effective action .	We focus on the effective Einstein-Hilbert term and the kinetic terms for vectors .	Dualizing the vectors into scalars , we derive the resulting Kahler potential and complex coordinates .	For elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfolds the corrections can be uplifted to a four-dimensional F-theory compactification .
+3	It has the novel property of behaving like a fibre-optic bundle but one that acts on the near field , not just the radiative component .	In an earlier paper we introduced the concept of the perfect lens which focuses both near and far electromagnetic fields , hence attaining perfect resolution .	Here we consider refinements of the original prescription designed to overcome the limitations of imperfect materials .	In particular we show that a multi-layer stack of positive and negative refractive media is less sensitive to imperfections .	The effects of retardation are included and minimized by making the slabs thinner .
+1	All that calls for some optimization procedure of the perturbative series .	The BFKL approach for the investigation of semihard processes is plagued by large next-to-leading corrections , both in the kernel of the universal BFKL Green 's function and in the process-dependent impact factors , as well as by large uncertainties in the renormalization scale setting .	In this respect , one of the most common methods is the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie ( BLM ) one , that eliminates the renormalization scale ambiguity by absorbing the non-conformal $ \beta_0 $ -terms into the running coupling .	In this paper , we apply BLM scale setting procedure directly to the amplitudes ( cross sections ) of several semihard processes .	We show that , due to the presence of $ \beta_0 $ -terms in the next-to-leading expressions for the impact factors , the optimal renormalization scale is not universal , but depends both on the energy and on the type of process in question .
+1	In search for a basic model that renders correct predictions on long spatio-temporal scales , we discuss results associated with a heterogeneous fault with long range stress-transfer interactions .	Earthquake phenomenology exhibits a number of power law distributions including the Gutenberg-Richter frequency-size statistics and the Omori law for aftershock decay rates .	To better understand earthquake dynamics we focus on faults with Gutenberg-Richter like earthquake statistics and develop two universal scaling functions as a stronger test of the theory against observations than mere scaling exponents that have large error bars .	Universal shape profiles contain crucial information on the underlying dynamics in a variety of systems .	As in magnetic systems , we find that our analysis for earthquakes provides a good overall agreement between theory and observations , but with a potential discrepancy in one particular universal scaling function for moment-rates .
+1	We refer to this problem as the `` sculpting problem . ''	Given a problem which is intractable for both quantum and classical algorithms , can we find a sub-problem for which quantum algorithms provide an exponential advantage ?	In this work , we give a full characterization of sculptable functions in the query complexity setting .	We show that a total function f can be restricted to a promise P such that Q ( f|_P ) =O ( polylog ( N ) ) and R ( f|_P ) =N^ { Omega ( 1 ) } , if and only if f has a large number of inputs with large certificate complexity .	The proof uses some interesting techniques : for one direction , we introduce new relationships between randomized and quantum query complexity in various settings , and for the other direction , we use a recent result from communication complexity due to Klartag and Regev .
+0	We present a graph-theoretic model of consumer choice , where final decisions are shown to be influenced by information and knowledge , in the form of individual awareness , discriminating ability , and perception of market structure .	Building upon the distance-based Hotelling 's differentiation idea , we describe the behavioral experience of several prototypes of consumers , who walk a hypothetical cognitive path in an attempt to maximize their satisfaction .	Our simulations show that even consumers endowed with a small amount of information and knowledge may reach a very high level of utility .	On the other hand , complete ignorance negatively affects the whole consumption process .	In addition , rather unexpectedly , a random walk on the graph reveals to be a winning strategy , below a minimal threshold of information and knowledge .
+2	We examine the role of complex multi-cellular circulation patterns in a Babcock-Leighton solar dynamo in advection- and diffusion-dominated regimes .	Babcock-Leighton type solar dynamo models with single-celled meridional circulation are successful in reproducing many solar cycle features .	Recent observations and theoretical models of meridional circulation do not indicate a single-celled flow pattern .	We show from simulations that presence of a weak , second , high-latitude reverse cell speeds up the cycle and slightly enhances the poleward branch in butterfly diagram , whereas the presence of a second cell in depth reverses the tilt of butterfly wing to an anti-solar type .	A butterfly diagram constructed from middle of convection zone yields a solar-like pattern , but this may be difficult to realize in the Sun because of magnetic buoyancy effects .
+0	We study theoretically the dynamics of living polymers which can add and subtract monomer units at their live chain ends .	The classic example is ionic living polymerization .	In equilibrium , a delicate balance is maintained in which each initiated chain has a very small negative average growth rate ( `` velocity '' ) just sufficient to negate the effect of growth rate fluctuations .	This leads to an exponential molecular weight distribution ( MWD ) with mean Nbar .	After a small perturbation of relative amplitude epsilon , e.g.a small temperature jump , this balance is destroyed : the velocity acquires a boost greatly exceeding its tiny equilibrium value .
+1	analyzed the performance of the analog network coding ( ANC ) in a layered relay network for the high-SNR regime .	In a recent paper [ 4 ] , Mari\'c et al .	They have proved that under the ANC scheme , if each relay transmits the received signals at the upper bound of the power constraint , the transmission rate will approach the network capacity .	In this paper , we consider a more general scenario defined as the generalized high-SNR regime , where the relays at layer $ l $ in a layered relay network with $ L $ layers do not satisfy the high-SNR conditions , and then determine an ANC relay scheme in such network .	By relating the received SNR at the nodes with the propagated noise , we derive the rate achievable by the ANC scheme proposed in this paper .
+4	It is shown , that by monitoring the inference process via measures such as entropy or Kullback-Leibler divergence , one can determine when to stop the data collection process .	The problem of optimal data collection to efficiently learn the model parameters of a graphite nitridation experiment is studied in the context of Bayesian analysis using both synthetic and real experimental data .	The paper emphasizes that the optimal design can be obtained as a result of an information theoretic sensitivity analysis .	Thus , the preferred design is where the statistical dependence between the model parameters and observables is the highest possible .	In this paper , the statistical dependence between random variables is quantified by mutual information and estimated using a k-nearest neighbor based approximation .
+0	The quantum oscillatory magnetization M of a two-dimensional electron system in a magnetic field B is found to provide quantitative information on both the Rashba- and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction ( SOI ) .	This is shown by first numerically solving the model Hamiltonian including the linear Rashba- and Dresselhaus SOI and the Zeeman term in an in particular doubly tilted magnetic field and second evaluating the intrinsically anisotropic magnetization for different directions of the in-plane magnetic field component .	The amplitude of specific magnetic quantum oscillations in M ( B ) is found to be a direct measure of the SOI strength at fields B where SOI-induced Landau level anticrossings occur .	The anisotropic M allows one to quantify the magnitude of both contributions as well as their relative sign .	We use realistic sample parameters and show that recently reported experimental techniques provide a sensitivity which allows for the detection of the predicted phenomena .
+0	We discovered a periodicity at about 8.7s from the X -- ray sources 4U0142+61 , previously considered a possible black hole candidate on the basis of its ultrasoft spectrum .	The pulsations are visible only in the 1 -- 4 keV energy range , during an observation obtained with the EXOSAT satellite in August 1984 .	A search for delays in the pulse arrival times caused by orbital motion gave negative results .	In the same data , periodic oscillations at 25 minutes had been previously found in an additional hard spectral component dominating above 4 keV which arises from the X-ray transient RX J0146.9+6121 , discovered with ROSAT and identified with a Be star .	Though the very high ( & gt ; 10^4 ) X -- ray to optical flux ratio of 4U0142+61 is compatible with models based on an isolated neutron star , the simplest explanation involves a low mass X -- ray binary with a very faint companion , similar to 4U1626 -- 67 .
+4	Here we propose a new variant of Wiener 's attack , which uses results on Diophantine approximations of the form |\alpha - p/q| & lt ; c/q^2 , and `` meet-in-the-middle '' variant for testing the candidates ( of the form rq_ { m+1 } + sq_m ) for the secret exponent .	Wiener 's attack is a well-known polynomial-time attack on a RSA cryptosystem with small secret decryption exponent d , which works if d & lt ; n^ { 0.25 } , where n=pq is the modulus of the cryptosystem .	Namely , in that case , d is the denominator of some convergent p_m/q_m of the continued fraction expansion of e/n , and therefore d can be computed efficiently from the public key ( n , e ) .	There are several extensions of Wiener 's attack that allow the RSA cryptosystem to be broken when d is a few bits longer than n^ { 0.25 } .	They all have the run-time complexity ( at least ) O ( D^2 ) , where d=Dn^ { 0.25 } .
+3	The growth of structure on small scales is coupled to the amplitude of long-wavelength density perturbations via their effect on the local value of the density parameter Omega_0.The effect of neglecting this coupling is quantified using a set of specially tailored N-body simulations .	Tormen and Bertschinger have presented an algorithm which allows the dynamic range of N-body simulations to be extended by adding long-wavelength power to an evolved N-body simulation .	This procedure is of considerable interest as it will enable mock galaxy catalogues to be constructed with volumes as large as those of the next generation of galaxy redshift surveys .	Their algorithm , however , neglects the coupling between long-wavelength linear modes and short-wavelength non-linear modes .	It is shown that the large-scale clustering of objects defined in the evolved density field such as galaxy clusters is strongly underestimated by their algorithm .
+1	The kinetic-energy norm is obtained as a limiting case ; all physical quantities are Galilean invariant .	An intrinsic metric tensor , a flat connexion and the corresponding distance-like function are constructed in the configuration space formed by velocity field { \bf and } the thermodynamic variables of an inviscid fluid .	Explicit expressions are given for the case of an ideal gas .	The flat connexion is { \bf not } metric-compatible .	These results are achieved by applying the formalism of statistical manifolds \cite { amari , otros } to the statistical mechanics of a moving fluid .
+4	At small x the third-order coefficient function is dominated by diagrams with the colour structure d_abc d^abc not present at lower orders .	We compute the coefficient function for the charge-averaged W^ ( +/- ) -exchange structure function F_3 in deep-inelastic scattering ( DIS ) to the third order in massless perturbative QCD .	Our new three-loop contribution to this quantity forms , at not too small values of the Bjorken variable x , the dominant part of the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order corrections .	It thus facilitates improved determinations of the strong coupling alpha_s and of 1/Q^2 power corrections from scaling violations measured in neutrino-nucleon DIS .	The expansion of F_3 in powers of alpha_s is stable at all values of x relevant to measurements at high scales Q^2 .
+3	Recent detection of at least three such blazars by Cherenkov telescopes has forced a revision of our understanding of these objects .	The blazar PKS 1510-089 is an example of flat spectrum radio quasars .	High-energy emissions from this class of objects are believed to have been produced by inverse Compton radiation with seed photons originating from the broad line region .	In such a paradigm , a lack of very high-energy emissions is expected because of the Klein-Nishina effect and strong absorption in the broad line region .	We have aimed to model the observed spectral energy distribution of PKS 1510-089 from the high-energy flares in March 2009 , during which very high-energy emission were also detected by H.E.S.S .
+2	Each WCD contains $ \sim $ 200,000 liters of filtered water and four upward-facing photomultiplier tubes .	The High Altitude Water Cherenkov ( HAWC ) observatory is a TeV gamma-ray and cosmic-ray detector currently under construction at an altitude of 4100 m close to volcano Sierra Negra in the state of Puebla , Mexico .	The HAWC observatory is an extensive air-shower array comprised of 300 optically-isolated water Cherenkov detectors ( WCDs ) .	In Fall 2014 , when the HAWC observatory will reach an area of 22,000 m $ ^ { 2 } $ , the sensitivity will be 15 times higher than its predecessor Milagro .	Since September 2012 , more than 30 WCDs have been instrumented and taking data .
+2	The proposed re-decode procedure obtains improved performance because the perturbations are independent at each re-decoding phase , therefore increasing the likelihood of successful decoding .	In this paper , we consider the performance of the Noisy Gradient Descent Bit Flipping ( NGDBF ) algorithm under re-decoding of failed frames .	NGDBF is a recent algorithm that uses a non-deterministic gradient descent search to decode low-density parity check ( LDPC ) codes .	We examine the benefits of re-decoding for an LDPC code from the IEEE 802.3an standard , and find that only a small fraction of re-decoded frames are needed to obtain significant performance benefits .	When re-decoding is used , the NGDBF performance is very close to a benchmark offset min-sum decoder for the 802.3an code .
+1	The hexagonal close-packed photonic crystals are formed by the electrochemical growth of CdSe through the interstitial spaces between polymer nano/micro sphere templates .	We demonstrate here a method to fabricate CdSe photonic crystal from a very cheap fabrication route of templated self-assembly .	The confocal voids containing photonic crystals can be made either interconnected or well separated , with high uniformity .	Structural and optical characterization confirms the good quality of electrochemically grown CdSe .	These cheaply fabricated 2D photonic crystals provide a wide range of opportunities for optoelectronic devices .
+0	We explore the collective phase dynamics of Wien-bridge oscillators coupled resistively .	We carefully analyze the behavior of two coupled oscillators , obtaining a transformation from voltage to effective phase .	From the phase dynamics we show that the coupling can be quantitatively described by Sakaguchi 's modification to the Kuramoto model .	We also examine an ensemble of oscillators whose frequencies are taken from a flat distribution within a fixed frequency interval .	We characterize in detail the synchronized cluster , its initial formation , as well as its effect on unsynchronized oscillators , all as a function of a global coupling strength .
+3	Here we focus on the question of when one or more of the higher cohomology groups grows maximally .	We consider a Cartier divisor L on a d-dimensional complex projective variety X .	It is well-known that the dimensions of the cohomomology groups H^i ( X , O_X ( mL ) ) grow at most like m^d , and it is natural to ask when one of these actually has maximal growth .	For i = 0 , this happens by definition exactly when L is big .	Our main result is that if one considers also small perturbations of the divisor in question , then the maximal growth of higher cohomology characterizes non-ample divisors .
+4	We apply exponential smoothing methods to forecast the two parameters simultaneously .	The generation of multi-step density forecasts for non-Gaussian data mostly relies on Monte Carlo simulations which are computationally intensive .	Using aggregated wind power in Ireland , we study two approaches of multi-step density forecasts which can be obtained from simple iterations so that intensive computations are avoided .	In the first approach , we apply a logistic transformation to normalize the data approximately and describe the transformed data using ARIMA -- GARCH models so that multi-step forecasts can be iterated easily .	In the second approach , we describe the forecast densities by truncated normal distributions which are governed by two parameters , namely , the conditional mean and conditional variance .
+0	The quark susceptibility $ \chi_q $ at zero and finite quark chemical potential provides a critical benchmark to determine the quark-gluon-plasma ( QGP ) degrees of freedom in relation to the results from lattice QCD ( lQCD ) in addition to the equation of state and transport coefficients .	Here we extend the familiar dynamical-quasiparticle model ( DQPM ) to partonic propagators that explicitly depend on the three-momentum with respect to the partonic medium at rest in order to match perturbative QCD ( pQCD ) at high momenta .	Within the extended dynamical-quasi-particle model ( DQPM $ ^* $ ) we reproduce simultaneously the lQCD results for the quark number density and susceptibility and the QGP pressure at zero and finite ( but small ) chemical potential $ \mu_q $ .	The shear viscosity $ \eta $ and the electric conductivity $ \sigma_e $ from the extended quasiparticle model ( DQPM $ ^* $ ) also turn out in close agreement with lattice results for $ \mu_q $ =0 .	The DQPM $ ^* $ , furthermore , allows to evaluate the momentum $ p $ , temperature $ T $ and chemical potential $ \mu_q $ dependencies of the partonic degrees of freedom also for larger $ \mu_q $ which are mandatory for transport studies of heavy-ion collisions in the regime 5 GeV $ & lt ; \sqrt { s_ { NN } } & lt ; $ 10 GeV .
+0	We analyze the folded spinning string in AdS_4 x P^3 with spin S in AdS_4 and angular momentum J in P^3 .	We calculate the one-loop correction to its energy in the scaling limit of both ln S and J large with their ratio kept fixed .	This result should correspond to the first subleading strong coupling correction to the anomalous dimension of operators of the type Tr ( D^S ( Y^\dagger Y ) ^J ) in the dual N=6 Chern-Simons-matter theory .	Our result appears to depart from the predictions for the generalized scaling function found from the all-loop Bethe equations conjectured for this AdS_4/CFT_3 duality .	We comment on the possible origin of this difference .
+1	Our work is motivated by an interest in constructing a protein-protein interaction network that captures key features associated with Parkinson 's disease .	In this paper we provide a method to assess whether a subnetwork constructed from a seed list ( a list of nodes known to be important in the area of interest ) differs significantly from a randomly generated subnetwork .	The proposed method is based on a Monte Carlo approach .	As different seed lists can give rise to the same subnetwork , we control for redundancy by choosing a minimal seed list as starting point for the significance test .	The null model is based on random seed lists of same length as a minimum seed list which generates the subnetwork ; in this random seed list the nodes have approximately the same degree distribution as the nodes in the minimum seed list .
+2	One example is Na $ _2 $ Ti $ _2 $ Sb $ _2 $ O , where a partial gapping of FS is observed but a density wave ordering has not been found .	Ordered phases such as charge- and spin-density wave state accompany either full or partial gapping of Fermi surface ( FS ) leading a metal-insulator or metal-metal transition ( MMT ) .	However , there are examples of MMT without any signatures of symmetry breaking .	Here we propose a microscopic mechanism of such a MMT which occurs due to a momentum dependent spin-orbit coupled molecular orbital polarization .	Since a molecular $ d $ orbital polarization is present due to a small spin-orbit coupling of Ti , there is no spontaneous symmetry breaking involved .
+3	At larger couplings , a new phase emerges , where all neurons are mutually unlocked .	The dynamical properties of a diluted fully-inhibitory network of pulse-coupled neurons are investigated .	Depending on the coupling strength , two different phases can be observed .	At low coupling the evolution rapidly converges towards periodic attractors where all neurons fire with the same rate .	The irregular behaviour turns out to be `` confined '' to an exponentially long , stationary and linearly stable transient .
+1	Critical exponents are calculated by scaling analysis of finite lattice data of short chains ( $ L \leq 16 $ ) averaging over all possible realizations of disorder configurations chosen according to a binary distribution .	We study the critical behavior of the random q-state Potts quantum chain by density matrix renormalization techniques .	Our numerical results show that the critical properties of the model are independent of q in agreement with a renormalization group analysis of Senthil and Majumdar ( Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 76 } , 3001 ( 1996 ) ) .	We show how an accurate analysis of moments of the distribution of magnetizations allows a precise determination of critical exponents , circumventing some problems related to binary disorder .
+4	In this paper , we first review the neuro- and neuromorphic-computing approaches that can best exploit the properties of memristor and-scale devices , and then propose a novel hybrid memristor-CMOS neuromorphic circuit which represents a radical departure from conventional neuro-computing approaches , as it uses memristors to directly emulate the biophysics and temporal dynamics of real synapses .	Conventional neuro-computing architectures and artificial neural networks have often been developed with no or loose connections to neuroscience .	As a consequence , they have largely ignored key features of biological neural processing systems , such as their extremely low-power consumption features or their ability to carry out robust and efficient computation using massively parallel arrays of limited precision , highly variable , and unreliable components .	Recent developments in nano-technologies are making available extremely compact and low-power , but also variable and unreliable solid-state devices that can potentially extend the offerings of availing CMOS technologies .	In particular , memristors are regarded as a promising solution for modeling key features of biological synapses due to their nanoscale dimensions , their capacity to store multiple bits of information per element and the low energy required to write distinct states .
+0	When modeling the distribution of a set of data by a mixture of Gaussians , there are two possibilities : i ) the classical one is using a set of parameters which are the proportions , the means and the variances ; ii ) the second is to consider the proportions as the probabilities of a discrete valued hidden variable .	In the first case a usual prior distribution for the proportions is the Dirichlet which accounts for the fact that they have to sum up to one .	In the second case , to each data is associated a hidden variable for which we consider two possibilities : a ) assuming those variables to be i.i.d .	We show then that this scheme is equivalent to the classical mixture model with Dirichlet prior ; b ) assuming a Markovian structure .	Then we choose the simplest markovian model which is the Potts distribution .
+0	We report an experimental and theoretical analysis of the sqrt ( 3 ) x sqrt ( 3 ) -R30 and 2x2 reconstructions on the NiO ( 111 ) surface combining transmission electron microscopy , x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , and reasonably accurate density functional calculations using the meta-GGA hybrid functional TPSSh .	While the main focus here is on the surface structure , we also observe an unusual step morphology with terraces containing only even numbers of unit cells during annealing of the surfaces .	The experimental data clearly shows that the surfaces contain significant coverage of hydroxyl terminations , and the surface structures are essentially the same as those reported on the MgO ( 111 ) surface implying an identical kinetically-limited water-driven structural transition pathway .	The octapole structure can therefore be all but ruled out for single crystals of NiO annealed in or transported through humid air..	The theoretical analysis indicates , as expected , that simple density functional theory methods for such strongly-correlated oxide surfaces are marginal , while better consideration of the metal d-electrons has a large effect although , it is still not perfect .
+0	We derive an effective dissipative quantum field theory for fluctuating orbital currents in clean $ CuO_2 $ sheets of high- $ T_c $ cuprates , based on a three-band model .	The Coulomb repulsion term between $ Cu $ - and $ O $ -sites is decoupled in terms of current operators representing horizontal and vertical parts of circulating currents within each $ CuO_2 $ unit cell of the lattice .	The model has ordering of currents at finite temperatures .	The dissipative kernel in the model is of the form $ |\omega|/| { \bf q } | $ , indicating Landau damping .	Applications of the effective theory to other models are also discussed .
+0	We present a variational solution of the Langevin field equation describing the nonequilibrium dynamics of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate .	If the thermal cloud remains in equilibrium at all times , we find that the equation of motions for the parameters in our variational ansatz are equivalent to the Langevin equations describing the motion of a massive Brownian particle in an external potential .	Moreover , these equations are coupled to a stochastic rate equation for the number of atoms in the condensate .	As applications of our approach , we have calculated the collisional damping rates and frequencies of the low-lying collective excitations of a condensate with repulsive interactions , and have obtained a description of the growth and subsequent collapse of a condensate with attractive interactions .	We have found a good agreement with the available experimental results in both cases .
+2	The variational method is exploited and the { \it same } trial function is used for different magnetic fields .	An accurate study of the lowest $ 1\sigma_g $ and the low-lying excited $ 1\sigma_u $ , $ 1\pi_ { u , g } $ , $ 1\delta_ { g , u } $ electronic states of the exotic molecular ion $ H_3^ { 2+ } $ in linear configuration parallel to a magnetic field is carried out .	The magnetic field ranges from $ 10^ { 10 } $ G up to $ 4.414 \times 10^ { 13 } $ G where non-relativistic considerations are justified .	It is shown that the states of positive $ z $ -parity $ 1\sigma_g , 1\pi_u , 1\delta_ { g } $ are bound states of the $ H_3^ { 2+ } $ exotic ion for all magnetic fields studied .	We also demonstrate that for magnetic fields $ B\gtrsim 2.35\times 10^ { 12 } $ G the potential energy surface well corresponding to the $ 1\sigma_g $ state contains at least one longitudinal vibrational state .
+4	The magnitude of such a transverse force is comparable to the optical gradient force and scattering forces .	Recently the new concepts of transverse spin angular momentum and Belinfante spin momentum of evanescent waves have drawn considerable attention .	Here , we investigate these novel physical properties of electromagnetic fields in the context of locally excited surface plasmon polaritons .	We demonstrate , both analytically and numerically , that locally excited surface plasmon polaritons possess transverse spin angular momentum and Belinfante momentum with rich and non-trivial characteristics .	We also show that the transverse spin angular momentum of locally excited surface plasmon polaritons leads to the emergence of transverse chiral forces in opposite directions for chiral objects of different handedness .
+2	The coefficients of the product rule are the Littlewood-Richardson numbers which determine the corresponding product rule in free U ( N ) gauge theory .	Using the recently constructed basis for local operators in free SO ( N ) gauge theory we derive an exact formula for the correlation functions of multi trace operators .	This formula is used to obtain a simpler form and a simple product rule for the operators in the SO ( N ) basis .	SO ( N ) gauge theory is dual to a non-oriented string theory on the AdS_5xRP^5 geometry .	To explore the physics of this string theory we consider the limit of the gauge theory that , for the U ( N ) gauge theory , is dual to the pp-wave limit of AdS_5xS^5 .
+2	All these models are based on backgrounds associated with near extremal N_c D4 branes and a set of N_f & lt ; & lt ; N_c flavor probe branes that admit geometrical chiral symmetry breaking .	We determine the holographic spectra of scalar mesons from the fluctuations of the embedding of flavor D-brane probes in HQCD models .	The models we consider include a generalization of the Sakai Sugimoto model at zero temperature and at the `` high-temperature intermediate phase '' , where the system is in a deconfining phase while admitting chiral symmetry breaking and a non-critical 6d model at zero temperature .	We point out that the spectra of these models include a 0^ { -- } branch which does not show up in nature .	At zero temperature we found that the masses of the mesons M_n depend on the `` constituent quark mass '' parameter m^c_q and on the excitation number n as M_n^2 m^c_q and M^2_n n^ { 1.7 } for the ten dimensional case and as M_n m^c_q and M_n n^ { 0.75 } in the non-critical case .
+4	This particular behavior has some significant consequences on the rheological properties of the suspension that tends to confirm previous experimental results [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	A three-dimensional model is proposed for Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii swimming with a breaststroke-like beating of its two flagella .	The model reveals unusual angular orbits of the active swimmer under a linear shear flow .	Namely , the swimmer sustains orientation transiently across the flow when flagella plane is perpendicular to the shear plane , and amplify the shear-induced rotation along the flow .	Such behavior is a result of the interplay between shear-induced deformation and swimmer 's periodic beating motion that exerts internal torques on the torque-free swimmer .
+3	Through the decomposition of the corresponding twined partition functions into characters of the N=4 ( resp .	We construct super vertex operator algebras which lead to modules for moonshine relations connecting the four smaller sporadic simple Mathieu groups with distinguished mock modular forms .	Starting with an orbifold of a free fermion theory , any subgroup of Co_0 that fixes a 3-dimensional subspace of its unique non-trivial 24-dimensional representation commutes with a certain N=4 superconformal algebra .	Similarly , any subgroup of Co_0 that fixes a 2-dimensional subspace of the 24-dimensional representation commutes with a certain N=2 superconformal algebra .	N=2 ) superconformal algebra , we arrive at mock modular forms which coincide with the graded characters of an infinite-dimensional Z-graded module for the corresponding group .
+2	These have been shown to provide accurate representations of orbits in power-law halo potentials .	( Abriged ) We present analytic models for the formation and evolution of tidal tails and related structures following impulsive disturbances in galaxy collisions .	Since the epicyclic approximation is not valid for large radial excursions , we use orbital equations of the form we call p-ellipses .	In the case of a purely tidal disturbance the resulting tidal tails have simple structure .	Scalings for their maximum lengths and other characteristics as functions of the tidal amplitude and the exponent of the power-law potentials are described .
+4	We find three merger systems ( HDF-BX1287 , HDF-BX1315 , and Q1623-BX491 ) with varying geometries and dynamical properties .	We present 0.2 '' resolution near-infrared integral field spectroscopy of H-alpha emission from six star forming galaxies at z~1.6 ( look-back time of ~9.6 Gyr ) .	These observations were obtained with OSIRIS using the Keck Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics system .	All sources have a compact spatial extent of ~1 '' , with an average half light radius of r=2.9 kpc and average dereddened star formation rate of 22 Msolar per year .	Based on H-alpha kinematics we find that these six galaxies are dynamically distinguishable , and we classify them as either merger or disk candidate systems .
+3	We identify five different dynamic states of motion in regard to the translational and angular velocities of the cell .	Motivated by rolling adhesion of white blood cells in the vasculature , we study how cells move in linear shear flow above a wall to which they can adhere via specific receptor-ligand bonds .	Our computer simulations are based on a Langevin equation accounting for hydrodynamic interactions , thermal fluctuations and adhesive interactions .	In contrast to earlier approaches , our model not only includes stochastic rules for the formation and rupture of bonds , but also fully resolves both receptor and ligand positions .	The transitions between the different states are mapped out in a dynamic state diagram as a function of the rates for bond formation and rupture .
+2	We learn from existing data a generative model ( for instance , an explicit-duration hidden Markov model , or EDHMM ) and then supervise this model in order to guarantee that the generated sequences satisfy some desirable specifications given in Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic ( PCTL ) .	We consider the problem of generating randomized control sequences for complex networked systems typically actuated by human agents .	Our approach leverages a concept known as control improvisation , which is based on a combination of data-driven learning and controller synthesis from formal specifications .	We present an implementation of our approach and apply it to the problem of mimicking the use of lighting appliances in a residential unit , with potential applications to home security and resource management .	We present experimental results showing that our approach produces realistic control sequences , similar to recorded data based on human actuation , while satisfying suitable formal requirements .
+4	Since at maximum brightness several VY Scl stars are SW Sex stars , this conclusion is in agreement with recent claims about the magnetic nature of these systems .	We show that the absence of outbursts during low states of VY Scl stars is easily explained if white dwarfs in these systems are weakly magnetized ( $ \mu \gta 5 10^ { 30 } $ G cm $ ^ { 3 } $ ) .	However , some of the VY Scl stars are observed to have very slow declines to minimum and similarly slow rises to maximum .	The absence of outbursts during such intermediate ( as opposed to low ) states , which last much longer than typical disc 's viscous times , can be explained only if accretion discs are absent when their temperatures would correspond to an unstable state .	This requires magnetic fields stronger than those explaining outburst absence during low states , since white dwarfs in this sub-class of VY Scl stars should have magnetic moments $ \mu \gta 1.5 10^ { 33 } $ G cm $ ^ { 3 } $ i.e.similar to those of Intermediate Polars .
+3	Relevance of this approach is illustrated by some examples .	The present paper is devoted to foundations of p-adic modelling in genomics .	Considering nucleotides , codons , DNA and RNA sequences , amino acids , and proteins as information systems , we have formulated the corresponding p-adic formalisms for their investigations .	Each of these systems has its characteristic prime number used for construction of the related information space .	In particular , it is shown that degeneration of the genetic code is a p-adic phenomenon .
+1	As has been previously noted by Iben , Tutukov and Fedorova , the winds should be stronger at lower metallicity due to less efficient line cooling .	We show that irradiation induced stellar winds can explain two important metallicity effects in X-ray binaries - the higher numbers and the softer spectra of the X-ray binaries in metal rich globular clusters compared to the metal poor ones .	This will speed up the evolution of the LMXBs in metal poor clusters , hence reducing their numbers .	These winds can also provide extra material near the accreting object which may create an intrinsic absorber to harden the X-ray spectra of the metal poor cluster systems relative to the metal rich ones , as suggested by observations .	We outline some additional observational predictions of the model .
+3	Recent advances in the field of Kerr frequency combs have provided a path towards the development of compact frequency comb sources that provide broadband frequency combs , exhibit microwave repetition rates and that are compatible with on-chip photonic integration .	Self-referencing turns pulsed laser systems into self-referenced frequency combs .	Such frequency combs allow counting of optical frequencies and have a wide range of applications .	The required optical bandwidth to implement self-referencing is typically obtained via nonlinear broadening in optical fibers .	These devices have the potential to significantly expand the use of frequency combs .
+2	The measured individual energy spectra of C , O , Ne , Mg , Si , and Fe are presented up to $ \sim 10^ { 14 } $ eV .	We present new measurements of the energy spectra of cosmic-ray ( CR ) nuclei from the second flight of the balloon-borne experiment Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass ( CREAM ) .	The instrument included different particle detectors to provide redundant charge identification and measure the energy of CRs up to several hundred TeV .	The spectral shape looks nearly the same for these primary elements and it can be fitted to an $ E^ { -2.66 \pm 0.04 } $ power law in energy .	Moreover , a new measurement of the absolute intensity of nitrogen in the 100-800 GeV/ $ n $ energy range with smaller errors than previous observations , clearly indicates a hardening of the spectrum at high energy .
+4	The problems of security in each layer of the network 's OSI model are discussed .	In wireless sensor networks ( WSNs ) , security has a vital importance .	Recently , there was a huge interest to propose security solutions in WSNs because of their applications in both civilian and military domains .	Adversaries can launch different types of attacks , and cryptography is used to countering these attacks .	This paper presents challenges of security and a classification of the different possible attacks in WSNs .
+0	Let $ A $ be a commutative algebra over the field $ { \mathbb F } _2 = { \mathbb Z } /2 $ .	We show that there is a natural algebra homomorphism $ \ell ( A ) \to HC^-_* ( A ) $ which is an isomorphism when $ A $ is a smooth algebra .	Thus , the functor $ \ell $ can be viewed as an approximation of negative cyclic homology and ordinary cyclic homology $ HC_* ( A ) $ is a natural $ \ell ( A ) $ -module .	In general , there is a spectral sequence $ E^2 = L_* ( \ell ) ( A ) \Rightarrow HC_*^- ( A ) $ .	We find associated approximation functors $ \ell^+ $ and $ \ell^ { per } $ for ordinary cyclic homology and periodic cyclic homology , and set up their spectral sequences .
+4	The single peak fitness landscape gives the fastest dynamics to send the vast majority of the population from the initial sequence to the neighborhood of the final sequence .	We consider the optimal dynamics in the infinite population evolution models with general symmetric fitness landscape .	The search of optimal evolution trajectories are complicated due to sharp transitions ( like shock waves ) in evolution dynamics with smooth fitness landscapes , which exist even in case of popular quadratic fitness .	We found exact analytical solutions for discontinuous dynamics at the large genome length limit .	We found the optimal mutation rates for the fixed fitness landscape .
+4	Further , we performed separate searches on main pulse GRPs and interpulse GRPs and on the most energetic GRPs in our data sample .	We present the results of a joint observational campaign between the Green Bank radio telescope and the VERITAS gamma-ray telescope , which searched for a correlation between the emission of very-high-energy ( VHE ) gamma rays ( $ E_ { \gamma } & gt ; $ 150 GeV ) and Giant Radio Pulses ( GRPs ) from the Crab pulsar at 8.9 GHz .	A total of 15366 GRPs were recorded during 11.6 hours of simultaneous observations , which were made across four nights in December 2008 and in November and December 2009 .	We searched for an enhancement of the pulsed gamma-ray emission within time windows placed around the arrival time of the GRP events .	In total , 8 different time windows with durations ranging from 0.033 ms to 72 s were positioned at three different locations relative to the GRP to search for enhanced gamma-ray emission which lagged , led , or was concurrent with , the GRP event .
+1	+ Quinqueloculina spp .	We analyze the spatial distributions of two groups of benthic foraminifera ( Adelosina spp .	and Elphidium spp .	) , along Sicilian coast , and their correlation with six different heavy metals , responsible for the pollution .	Samples were collected inside the Gulf of Palermo , which has a high level of pollution due to heavy metals , and along the coast of Lampedusa island ( Sicily Channel , Southern Mediterranean ) , which is characterized by unpolluted sea waters .
+0	Stellar mass plays a central role in our understanding of star formation and aging .	Stellar astronomy is largely based on two maps , both dependent on mass , either indirectly or directly : the Hertzprung-Russell Diagram ( HRD ) and the Mass-Luminosity Relation ( MLR ) .	The extremes of both maps , while not terra incognita , are characterized by large uncertainties .	A precise HRD requires precise distance obtained by direct measurement of parallax .	A precise MLR requires precise measurement of binary orbital parameters , with the ultimate goal the critical test of theoretical stellar models .
+2	It is locally the critical locus of a function .	Roughly speaking , to any space $ M $ with perfect obstruction theory we associate a space $ N $ with symmetric perfect obstruction theory .	It is a cone over $ M $ given by the dual of the obstruction sheaf of $ M $ , and contains $ M $ as its zero section .	More precisely , in the language of derived algebraic geometry , to any quasi-smooth space $ M $ we associate its $ ( -1 ) $ -shifted cotangent bundle $ N $ .	By localising from $ N $ to its $ \mathbb C^* $ -fixed locus $ M $ this gives five notions of virtual signed Euler characteristic of $ M $ : ( 1 ) The Ciocan-Fontanine-Kapranov/Fantechi-G\ '' ottsche signed virtual Euler characteristic of $ M $ defined using its own obstruction theory , ( 2 ) Graber-Pandharipande 's virtual Atiyah-Bott localisation of the virtual cycle of $ N $ to $ M $ , ( 3 ) Behrend 's Kai-weighted Euler characteristic localisation of the virtual cycle of $ N $ to $ M $ , ( 4 ) Kiem-Li 's cosection localisation of the virtual cycle of $ N $ to $ M $ , ( 5 ) $ ( -1 ) ^ { vd } $ times by the topological Euler characteristic of $ M $ .
+4	A web site where the algorithm is made available to perform customized rank analysis can be found at the address http : //www.physauthorsrank.org	Recently , the abundance of digital data enabled the implementation of graph based ranking algorithms that provide system level analysis for ranking publications and authors .	Here we take advantage of the entire Physical Review publication archive ( 1893-2006 ) to construct authors ' networks where weighted edges , as measured from opportunely normalized citation counts , define a proxy for the mechanism of scientific credit transfer .	On this network we define a ranking method based on a diffusion algorithm that mimics the spreading of scientific credits on the network .	We compare the results obtained with our algorithm with those obtained by local measures such as the citation count and provide a statistical analysis of the assignment of major career awards in the area of Physics .
+0	Adiabatic quantum optimization has attracted a lot of attention because small scale simulations gave hope that it would allow to solve NP-complete problems efficiently .	Later , negative results proved the existence of specifically designed hard instances where adiabatic optimization requires exponential time .	In spite of this , there was still hope that this would not happen for random instances of NP-complete problems .	This is an important issue since random instances are a good model for hard instances that can not be solved by current classical solvers , for which an efficient quantum algorithm would therefore be desirable .	Here , we will show that because of a phenomenon similar to Anderson localization , an exponentially small eigenvalue gap appears in the spectrum of the adiabatic Hamiltonian for large random instances , very close to the end of the algorithm .
+1	A bar framework , denoted by G ( p ) , in R^r is a simple graph G on n vertices together with a configuration p in R^r .	A configuration p in r-dimensional Euclidean space is a finite collection of points ( p^1 , ... , p^n ) that affinely span R^r .	A given bar framework G ( p ) is said to be universally rigid if there does not exist another configuration q in any Euclidean space , not obtained from p by a rigid motion , such that ||q^i-q^j||=||p^i-p^j|| for each edge ( i , j ) of G. It is known that if configuration p is generic and bar framework G ( p ) in R^r admits a positive semidefinite stress matrix S of rank n-r-1 , then G ( p ) is universally rigid .	Connelly asked whether the same result holds true if the genericity assumption of p is replaced by the weather assumption of general position .	We answer this question in the affirmative in this paper .
+3	The natural bidimensional counterpart of the notion of Intrinsic Mode is then the concept of `` Intrinsic Monogenic Mode '' that we define .	The synchrosqueezing method aims at decomposing 1D functions as superpositions of a small number of `` Intrinsic Modes '' , supposed to be well separated both in time and frequency .	Based on the unidimensional wavelet transform and its reconstruction properties , the synchrosqueezing transform provides a powerful representation of multicomponent signals in the time-frequency plane , together with a reconstruction of each mode .	In this paper , a bidimensional version of the synchrosqueezing transform is defined , by considering a well-adapted extension of the concept of analytic signal to images : the monogenic signal .	Thereafter , we investigate the properties of its associated Monogenic Wavelet Decomposition .
+4	An analysis is also given of milli-charged dark matter arising from the hidden sector , where it is shown that such dark matter from the Stueckelberg extension can satisfy WMAP-3 data while allowing for a sharp $ Z ' $ resonance which can be detected at the Tevatron and at the LHC via a dilepton signal generated by the Drell-Yan process .	An analysis is given of the Stueckelberg extension of the Standard Model with a hidden sector gauge group $ U ( 1 ) _X $ where the mass growth for the extra gauge boson occurs via the Stueckelberg mechanism , and where the kinetic mixing in the $ U ( 1 ) _X\times U ( 1 ) _Y $ sector is included .	Such a kinetic mixing is generic in a broad class of supergravity and string models .	We carry out a detailed global fit of the model with the precision LEP data on and off the $ Z $ pole , with $ \chi^2 $ within 1 % of the $ \chi^2 $ of the Standard Model fit .	Further , it is shown that in the absence of matter in the hidden sector , there is a single effective parameter that controls the deviations from the Standard Model predictions , and the dependence on the kinetic mixing emerges only when matter in the hidden sector is included .
+0	Topological constraints play a key role in the self-organizing processes that create structures in macro systems .	In fact , if all possible degrees of freedom are actualized on equal footing without constraint , the state of `` equipartition '' may bear no specific structure .	Fluid turbulence is a typical example - while turbulent mixing seems to increase entropy , a variety of sustained vortical structures can emerge .	In Hamiltonian formalism , some topological constraints are represented by Casimir invariants ( for example , helicities of a fluid or a plasma ) , and then , the effective phase space is reduced to the Casimir leaves .	However , a general constraint is not necessarily integrable , which precludes the existence of an appropriate Casimir invariant ; the circulation is an example of such an invariant .
+0	Heteropolymer gels can be engineered to release specific molecules into or absorb molecules from a surrounding solution .	This remarkable ability is the basis for developing gel applications in extensive areas such as drug delivery , waste cleanup , and catalysis .	Furthermore , gels are a model system for proteins , many of whose properties they can be created to mimic .	A key aspect of gels is their volume phase transition , which provides a macroscopic mechanism for effecting microscopic changes .	The phase transition allows one to control the gel 's affinity for target molecules through tiny changes in the solution temperature , salt concentration , pH , or the like .
+3	Phys. , 10 , 232 ] small solutions are allowed , whereas in relaxed MHD only the odd-parity large solution and even-parity small solution are allowed .	A unified energy principle approach is presented for analysing the magnetohydrodynamic ( MHD ) stability of plasmas consisting of multiple ideal and relaxed regions .	By choosing an appropriate gauge , we show that the plasma displacement satisfies the same Euler-Lagrange equation in ideal and relaxed regions , except in the neighbourhood of magnetic surfaces .	The difference at singular surfaces is analysed in cylindrical geometry : in ideal MHD only Newcomb 's [ W. A. Newcomb ( 2006 ) Ann .	A procedure for constructing global multi-region solutions in cylindrical geometry is presented .
+2	The main result of the paper consists in providing , in the cash-subadditive case , a sufficient condition for strong time-consistency ( or recursivity ) in terms of a generalized cocycle condition .	The main goal of this paper is to investigate under which conditions cash-subadditive convex dynamic risk measures are time-consistent .	Proceeding as in Detlefsen and Scandolo \cite { detlef-scandolo } and inspired by their result , we give a dual representation of dynamic cash-subadditive convex risk measures ( that can also be seen as particular case of the dual quasiconvex representation ) .	On one hand , our result can be seen as an extension to cash-subadditive convex dynamic risk measures of Theorem 2.5 in Bion-Nadal \cite { bion-nadal-FS } ; on the other hand , it is weaker since strong time-consistency is not fully characterized .	Finally , we exploit the relation between different notions of time-consistency .
+0	Fingerprints are the oldest and most widely used form of biometric identification .	Everyone is known to have unique , immutable fingerprints .	As most Automatic Fingerprint Recognition Systems are based on local ridge features known as minutiae , marking minutiae accurately and rejecting false ones is very important .	However , fingerprint images get degraded and corrupted due to variations in skin and impression conditions .	Thus , image enhancement techniques are employed prior to minutiae extraction .
+2	We use scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy ( STM/STS ) to locate such junctions and investigate their atomic and electronic properties .	The non-centrosymmetric semiconductor BiTeI exhibits two distinct surface terminations that support spin-split Rashba surface states .	Their ambipolarity can be exploited for creating spin-polarized $ p $ - $ n $ junctions at the boundaries between domains with different surface terminations .	The Te- and I-terminated surfaces are identified owing to their distinct chemical reactivity , and an apparent height mismatch of electronic origin .	The Rashba surface states are revealed in the STS spectra by the onset of a van Hove singularity at the band edge .
+0	The purpose of the paper is to find explicit formulas describing the joint distributions of the first hitting time and place for half-spaces of codimension one for a diffusion in $ \R^ { n+1 } $ , composed of one-dimensional Bessel process and independent n-dimensional Brownian motion .	The most important argument is carried out for the two-dimensional situation .	We show that this amounts to computation of distributions of various integral functionals with respect to a two-dimensional process with independent Bessel components .	As a result , we provide a formula for the Poisson kernel of a half-space or of a strip for the operator $ ( I-\Delta ) ^ { \alpha/2 } $ , $ 0 & lt ; \alpha & lt ; 2 $ .	In the case of a half-space , this result was recently found , by different methods , in [ 6 ] .
+3	We give examples of BSDE with time delayed generators that have multiple solutions or that have no solutions .	We deal with backward stochastic differential equations with time delayed generators .	In this new type of equations , a generator at time t can depend on the values of a solution in the past , weighted with a time delay function for instance of the moving average type .	We prove existence and uniqueness of a solution for a sufficiently small time horizon or for a sufficiently small Lipschitz constant of a generator .	We show for some special class of generators that existence and uniqueness may still hold for an arbitrary time horizon and for arbitrary Lipschitz constant .
+0	A comparative study of simulated air shower longitudinal profiles is presented .	An appropriate thinning level for the calculations is first determined empirically .	High statistics results are then provided , over a wide energy range , ( 10^14.0 to 10^20.5 eV ) , for proton & amp ; iron primaries , using four combinations of the MOCCA & amp ; CORSIKA program frameworks , and the SIBYLL & amp ; QGSJET high energy hadronic interaction models .	These results are compared to existing experimental data .	The way in which the first interaction controls Xmax is investigated , as is the distribution of Xmax .
+3	In atmospheres with high CO2 levels , atomic O is the major destructive species for some molecules .	( Abridged ) Super Earth exoplanets are being discovered with increasing frequency and some will be able to retain stable H2-dominated atmospheres .	We study biosignature gases on exoplanets with thin H2 atmospheres and habitable surface temperatures , by using a model atmosphere with photochemistry , and biomass estimate framework for evaluating the plausibilty of a range of biosignature gas candidates .	We find that photochemically produced H atoms are the most abundant reactive species in H2 atmospheres .	In sun-Earth-like UV radiation environments , H ( and in some cases O ) will rapidly destroy nearly all biosignature gases of interest .
+0	Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 ( NLS1 ) galaxies show extreme properties with respect to the other Seyfert galaxies .	Indeed , they are thought to be accreting at Eddington rates and to possess low mass black holes .	Therefore , they may represent a key class of objects for understanding the co-evolution of black holes and their host galaxies .	We propose that NLS1s represent a class of AGN in which the black hole growth is , and has always been , dominated by secular evolution .	Firstly , by looking at the NLS1 host galaxy properties in the literature , we show that the evolution of NLS1s is presently driven by secular processes , much more so than for Broad-Line Seyfert 1s ( BLS1s ) .
+0	The paper deals with asymptotic nodal geometry for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on closed surfaces .	Given an eigenfunction f corresponding to a large eigenvalue , we study local asymmetry of the distribution of sign ( f ) with respect to the surface area .	It is measured as follows : take any disc centered at the nodal line { f=0 } , and pick at random a point in this disc .	What is the probability that the function assumes a positive value at the chosen point ?	We show that this quantity may decay logarithmically as the eigenvalue goes to infinity , but never faster than that .
+2	However , such scenario also necessitates periodic updating of the secret key with the changing attributes .	In Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Based Encryption ( CP-ABE ) , attributes are attached to the user 's secret key and access policy is at-tached to the ciphertext .	If attributes in the secret key of a user satisfy the policy then only the genuine user can decrypt the ciphertext .	According to our observations , the existing attempts at doing so are not efficient .	In this paper , we propose a newer approach to add , update or delete the value of particular attribute effi-ciently without the knowledge of the other attributes .
+2	We show how high mass and force resolution in both the gas and dark matter components play an important role in solving the angular momentum catastrophe claimed from previous simulations of galaxy formation within the hierarchical framework .	We simulate the formation of a realistic disk galaxy within the hierarchical scenario of structure formation and study its internal properties to the present epoch .	We compare results from a LambdaCDM simulation with a LambdaWDM ( 2keV ) simulation that forms significantly less small scale structure .	The stellar material in the disk component has a final specific angular momentum equal to 40 % and 90 % of that of the dark halo in the LambdaCDM and LambdaWDM models respectively .	The LambdaWDM galaxy has a drastically reduced satellite population and a negligible stellar spheroidal component .
+3	If brown dwarfs exist in significant numbers , they too will be found in close binaries , and some fraction of their number should be revealed as they transit their stellar companions .	We present an analytical method for constraining the substellar initial mass function in globular clusters , based on the observed frequency of transit events .	Globular clusters typically have very high stellar densities where close encounters are relatively common , and thus tidal capture can occur to form close binary systems .	Encounters between main sequence stars and lower-mass objects can result in tidal capture if the mass ratio is & gt ; 0.01 .	We calculate the rate of tidal capture of brown dwarfs in both segregated and unsegregated clusters , and find that the tidal capture is more likely to occur over an initial relaxation time before equipartition occurs .
+3	However , the proposed approaches lack robustness in that they do not generalize well to queries that are different from the training examples , resulting in significant estimation errors .	The ability to estimate resource consumption of SQL queries is crucial for a number of tasks in a database system such as admission control , query scheduling and costing during query optimization .	Recent work has explored the use of statistical techniques for resource estimation in place of the manually constructed cost models used in query optimization .	Such techniques , which require as training data examples of resource usage in queries , offer the promise of superior estimation accuracy since they can account for factors such as hardware characteristics of the system or bias in cardinality estimates .	Our approach aims to address this problem by combining knowledge of database query processing with statistical models .
+0	Model-independent consequences of applying a generalized hidden horizontal Z_2 symmetry to the neutrino mass matrix are explored .	The Dirac CP phase delta_D can be expressed in terms of the three mixing angles as 4 c_a s_a c_s s_s s_x cos delta_D = ( s^2_s - c^2_s s^2_x ) ( c^2_a - s^2_a ) where the s_i , c_i are sines and cosines of the atmospheric , solar , and reactor angles .	This relation is independent of neutrino masses and whether neutrinos are Dirac- or Majorana-type .	Given the present constraints on the angles , delta_D is constrained to be almost maximal , a result which can be explored in experiments such as NOvA and T2K .	The Majorana CP phases do not receive any constraint and are thus model-dependent .
+3	These are : a few percent energy transfer into the EAS electromagnetic component due to electron-positron pair production or electromagnetic radiation of quark-gluon plasma and a small slow-down of the cascading process in its initial stages associated with the extended lifetime of excited nuclear fragments .	An analysis has been made of the present situation with the high energy hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interaction models .	As is already known there are inconsistencies in the interpretation of experimental data on the primary mass composition , which appear when different EAS components are used for the analyses , even for the same experiment .	In the absence of obvious experimental defects , there is a clear need for an improvement to the existing models ; we argue that the most promising way is to introduce two effects which should be present in nucleus-nucleus collisions and have not been allowed for before .	The latter process displaces the shower maximum deeper into the atmosphere .
+3	We derive the [ OIII ] 5008 luminosity function for 10^8.3 Lsun & lt ; L [ OIII ] & lt ; 10^10 Lsun ( corresponding to intrinsic luminosities up to M [ 2400A ] -28 mag or bolometric luminosities up to 4x10^47 erg/sec ) .	Type 2 quasars are luminous active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) whose central regions are obscured by large amounts of gas and dust .	In this paper , we present a catalog of type 2 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) , selected based on their optical emission lines .	The catalog contains 887 objects with redshifts z & lt ; 0.83 ; this is six times larger than the previous version and is by far the largest sample of type 2 quasars in the literature .	This luminosity function provides strong lower limits to the actual space density of obscured quasars , due to our selection criteria , the details of the spectroscopic target selection , as well as other effects .
+2	Our results show that the emergence of nontrivial collective behavior is associated to higher values of complexity .	We investigate the relationship between complexity , information transfer and the emergence of collective behaviors , such as synchronization and nontrivial collective behavior , in a network of globally coupled chaotic maps as a simple model of a complex system .	We calculate various quantities for this system : the mean field , a measure of statistical complexity , the information transfer , as well as the information shared , between the macroscopic and local levels as functions of the strength of a coupling parameter in the system .	Little transference of information from the global to the local level occurs when the system settles into nontrivial collective behavior while no information at all flows between these two scales in a synchronized collective state .	As the parameter values for the onset of nontrivial collective behavior or chaos synchronization are approached , the information transfer from the macroscopic level to the local level is higher , in comparison to the situation where those collective states are already established in the system .
+4	We show that for all $ d \ge 2 $ and $ 1 \le k \le d-1 $ the maximally persistent cycle has ( multiplicative ) persistence of order $ $ \Theta \left ( \left ( \frac { \log n } { \log \log n } \right ) ^ { 1/k } \right ) , $ $ with high probability , characterizing its rate of growth as $ n \to \infty $ .	We initiate the study of persistent homology of random geometric simplicial complexes .	Our main interest is in maximally persistent cycles of degree- $ k $ in persistent homology , for a either the \cech or the Vietoris -- Rips filtration built on a uniform Poisson process of intensity $ n $ in the unit cube $ [ 0,1 ] ^d $ .	This is a natural way of measuring the largest `` $ k $ -dimensional hole '' in a random point set .	This problem is in the intersection of geometric probability and algebraic topology , and is naturally motivated by a probabilistic view of topological inference .
+4	As a corollary , we get integral formulas for some of Arthur 's global coefficients .	The theme of the article is the study of the unipotent part of Arthur 's trace formula for general linear groups .	The case of regular ( or `` regular by blocks '' ) unipotent orbits has been essentially done in a previous paper .	Here we are interested by the contribution of Richardson orbits that are induced by Levi subgroups with two-by-two distinct blocks .	In this case , the contribution is remarkably given by a global unipotent weighted orbital integral .
+0	We report our experience in building a working system , SportSense ( http : //www.sportsense.us ) , which exploits Twitter users as human sensors of the physical world to detect events in real-time .	Using the US National Football League ( NFL ) games as a case study , we report in-depth measurement studies of the delay and post rate of tweets , and their dependence on other properties .	We subsequently develop a novel event detection method based on these findings , and demonstrate that it can effectively and accurately extract game events using open access Twitter data .	SportSense has been evolving during the 2010-11 and 2011-12 NFL seasons and is able to recognize NFL game big plays in 30 to 90 seconds with 98 % true positive , and 9 % false positive rates .	Using a smart electronic TV program guide , we show that SportSense can utilize human sensors to empower novel services .
+0	An overview of the GW SAID and ITEP groups ' effort to analyze pion photoproduction on the neutron-target will be given .	The disentanglement of the isoscalar and isovector EM couplings of N* and Delta* resonances does require compatible data on both proton and neutron targets .	The final-state interaction plays a critical role in the state-of-the-art analysis in extraction of the gn -- & gt ; piN data from the deuteron target experiments .	Then resonance couplings determined by the SAID PWA technique are then compared to previous findings .	The neutron program is important component of the current JLab , MAMI-C , SPring-8 , ELSA , and ELPH studies .
+0	In a recent article , this author proposed a program for physics beyond the Standard Model , solely based on modifying the twin pillars of fundamental physics by replacing Lorentz structure with Euclidean Jordan algebra while keeping quantum theory .	This program predicts not only quarks and leptons but also a short-range 5th fundamental force accompanying gravity .	This 5th force predicts quark mixing and the related CP violation , which in fact was a phenomena observed in labs about fifty years ago .	Thus , there are two conflicting theories as of now , the one based on the 5th force which { \em predicts } this phenomena and the established Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa ( CKM ) theory which was invented to { \em explain } this phenomena .	In this article a test of these two theories against the recent experimental data is presented .
+3	Our calculations predict significant elastic anisotropy of helium ( $ \triangle P \approx 1.14 $ , $ \triangle S_1 \approx 1.7 $ , $ \triangle S_2 \approx 0.93 $ at low pressures ) .	The elastic moduli , elastic anisotropy coefficients , sound velocities and Poisson 's ratio of hcp solid helium have been calculated using density functional theory in generalized gradient approximation ( up to $ 30 $ TPa ) , and pair+triple semi-empirical potentials ( up to 100 GPa ) .	Zero-point vibrations have been treated in the Debye approximation assuming $ ^4 $ He isotope ( we exclude the quantum-crystal region at very low pressures from consideration ) .	Both methods give a reasonable agreement with the available experimental data .	Under terapascal pressures helium becomes more elastically isotropic .
+2	Depth-dependent HI and H $ _2 $ density fractions may be computed for arbitrary gas density , far-ultraviolet field intensity , and the metallicity dependent H $ _2 $ formation rate coefficient , and dust absorption cross section .	We present a simple analytic procedure for generating atomic-to-molecular ( HI-to-H $ _2 $ ) density profiles for optically thick clouds illuminated by far-ultraviolet radiation .	Our procedure is based on the analytic theory for the structure of one-dimensional HI/H $ _2 $ photon-dominated regions , presented by Sternberg et al . ( 2014 ) .	We use our procedure to generate a set of HI-to-H $ _2 $ transition profiles for a wide range of conditions , from the weak- to strong-field limits , and from super-solar down to low metallicities .	We show that if presented as functions of dust optical depth the HI and H $ _2 $ density profiles depend primarily on the Sternberg `` $ \alpha G $ parameter '' ( dimensionless ) that determines the dust optical depth associated with the total photodissociated HI column .
+1	Theory predicts frequency-tuning by currents occurs at constant orbital radius , so an exceptional agility is anticipated .	We study the agility of current-tunable oscillators based on a magnetic vortex orbiting around a point contact in spin-valves .	To test this , we have inserted an oscillator in a microwave interferometer to apply abrupt current variations while time resolving its emission .	Using frequency shift keying , we show that the oscillator can switch between two stabilized frequencies differing by 25 % in less than ten periods .	With a wide frequency tunability and a good agility , such oscillators possess desirable figures of merit for modulation-based rf applications .
+3	In this paper we provide first results for the problem to monitor sequentially a time series .	When analysing time series an important issue is to decide whether the time series is stationary or a random walk .	Relaxing these notions , we consider the problem to decide in favor of the I ( 0 ) - or I ( 1 ) -property .	Fixed-sample statistical tests for that problem are well studied in the literature .	Our stopping times are based on a sequential version of a kernel-weighted variance-ratio statistic .
+2	We present several non-trivial examples to show how efficient our method is .	The electric resistance between two arbitrary nodes on any infinite lattice structure of resistors that is a periodic tiling of space is obtained .	Our general approach is based on the lattice Green 's function of the Laplacian matrix associated with the network .	Deriving explicit resistance formulas it is shown that the Kagom\'e , the diced and the decorated lattice can be mapped to the triangular and square lattice of resistors .	Our work can be extended to the random walk problem or to electron dynamics in condensed matter physics .
+4	This , however , comes at the cost of a hard elastic form factor not in agreement with experiment .	We study consistently the pion 's static observables and the elastic and \gamma*\gamma - & gt ; \pi^0 transition form factors within a light-front model .	Consistency requires that all calculations are performed within a given model with the same and single adjusted length or mass-scale parameter of the associated pion bound-state wave function .	Our results agree well with all extent data including recent Belle data on the \gamma*\gamma - & gt ; \pi^0 form factor at large q^2 , yet the BaBar data on this transition form factor resists a sensible comparison .	We relax the initial constraint on the bound-state wave function and show the BaBar data can partially be accommodated .
+2	Moreover , we find that the thermopower in these junctions is negative due to the fact that the LUMO dominates the charge transport , and its magnitude can reach several tens of micro-V/K , depending on the contact geometry .	We present a theoretical study of the conductance and thermopower of single-molecule junctions based on C60 and C60-terminated molecules .	We first analyze the transport properties of gold-C60-gold junctions and show that these junctions can be highly conductive ( with conductances above 0.1G0 , where G0 is the quantum of conductance ) .	On the other hand , we study the suitability of C60 as an anchoring group in single-molecule junctions .	For this purpose , we analyze the transport through several dumbbell derivatives using C60 as anchors , and we compare the results with those obtained with thiol and amine groups .
+1	We show that phase space can be partitioned into approximately decoupled regions , in which one may introduce restricted Markov chains which are close to the original process but do not leave these regions .	We present a formalism to describe slowly decaying systems in the context of finite Markov chains obeying detailed balance .	Within this context , we identify the conditions under which the decaying system can be considered to be in a metastable state .	Furthermore , we show that such metastable states can be described in thermodynamic terms and define their free energy .	This is accomplished showing that the probability distribution describing the metastable state is indeed proportional to the equilibrium distribution , as is commonly assumed .
+1	At collider energies , supersymmetry breaking can be parameterised by soft supersymmetry breaking parameters .	If supersymmetric particles are discovered , an important problem will be to determine how supersymmetry has been broken .	Several mechanisms for supersymmetry breaking have been proposed , which are all characterised by patterns in the high scale values of these parameters .	Therefore , looking for such patterns will give us important clues about the way supersymmetry has been broken in Nature .	In this master thesis , we study an approach to find these patterns using Renormalisation Group invariants .
+1	Despite many successful applications , the method has never been obtained from first principles , relying instead on the `` ImF '' premise .	Instanton rate theory is used to study tunneling events in a wide range of systems including low-temperature chemical reactions .	In this paper , the same expression for the rate of barrier penetration at finite temperature is rederived from quantum scattering theory [ W. H. Miller , S. D. Schwartz , and J. W. Tromp , J. Chem.Phys .	79 , 4889 ( 1983 ) ] using a semiclassical Green 's function formalism .	This justifies the instanton approach and provides a route to deriving the rate of other processes .
+2	A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects , slowing them slightly , and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere .	Orbital debris in low Earth orbit ( LEO ) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collisional cascading .	A problem predicted more than thirty years ago , the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention .	In this paper , we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost , light-weight modular design for large mirrors , calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive , multi-kilojoule lasers , that build on inertial fusion research .	These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal ( LODR ) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem .
+3	The role that resonant relaxation might play in globular clusters is still an open question , but the isochrone potential is guaranteed a role in dynamical astronomy because it is the most general potential in which closed-form expressions for angle-action coordinates are available .	Henon sought the most general spherical potential in which the radial periods of orbits depended only on energy .	He named this potential the isochrone , and discovered that it provided a good representation of data for globular clusters .	He sought an explanation in terms of resonant relaxation .	I explain how this property makes the isochrone invaluable for the powerful technique of torus mapping .
+4	In our approach to the problem it is possible to consider self-consistent dynamics of the expansion of the Universe and amplification of short waves .	The evolution of the closed Friedmann Universe with a packet of short scalar waves is considered with the help of the Wheeler -- DeWitt equation .	The packet ensures conservation of homogeneity and isotropy of the metric on average .	It is shown that during tunneling the amplitudes of short waves of a scalar field can increase catastrophically promptly if their influence to the metric do not take into account .	This effect is similar to the Rubakov-effect of catastrophic particle creation calculated already in 1984 .
+0	Studying a certain sub class of higher order Horndeski ( scalar-tensor ) theories we discuss a method discovered recently permitting analytic black hole solutions with a non trivial and regular scalar field .	One of the solutions found has de Sitter asymptotics and self tunes the bulk cosmological constant .	Using the aforementioned method we find and analyse new black hole solutions which can also have de Sitter asymptotics .	By looking at small deviations of the integration constant responsible for self tuning we discuss the robustness of the self tuning mechanism .	We find that neighboring solutions to the one previously found present also self tuning properties with unaltered effective cosmological constant .
+2	Each operator is characterized by a parameter q which gauges people 's attitude under risky choices ; this index q is in fact the entropic one which plays a central role in nonextensive statistical mechanics .	Most people are risk-averse ( risk-seeking ) when they expect to gain ( lose ) .	Based on a generalization of `` expected utility theory '' which takes this into account , we introduce an automaton mimicking the dynamics of economic operations .	Different long term patterns of average asset redistribution are observed according to the distribution of parameter q ( chosen once for ever for each operator ) and the rules ( e.g. , the probabilities involved in the gamble and the indebtedness restrictions ) governing the values that are exchanged in the transactions .	Analytical and numerical results are discussed in terms of how the sensitivity to risk affects the dynamics of economic transactions .
+2	In this paper we first propose a method of incorporating high-level concepts into the successful CNN-RNN approach , and show that it achieves a significant improvement on the state-of-the-art in both image captioning and visual question answering .	Much recent progress in Vision-to-Language problems has been achieved through a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks ( CNNs ) and Recurrent Neural Networks ( RNNs ) .	This approach does not explicitly represent high-level semantic concepts , but rather seeks to progress directly from image features to text .	We further show that the same mechanism can be used to incorporate external knowledge , which is critically important for answering high level visual questions .	Specifically , we design a visual question answering model that combines an internal representation of the content of an image with information extracted from a general knowledge base to answer a broad range of image-based questions .
+4	We suggest that this effect can be used for a new device where superconductivity may be controlled by the domain structure of the magnetic layer .	We consider the effect of a multiple magnetic domain structure in a superconductor/ferromagnet bilayer , modeled by a ferromagnetic layer with a rotating magnetic moment .	The domain walls in this model are of equal size as the domains , and are of Neel type .	We study the superconducting critical temperature as a function of the rotation wavelength of the magnetic moment .	The critical temperature of the bilayer is found to be always enhanced by the domain structure , and exhibits an interesting reentrant behavior .
+1	In particular , we show the existence of $ C^\infty $ norms on $ \R^3 $ admitting six equidistant points , which refutes a conjecture of Lawlor and Morgan ( 1994 , Pacific J .	We characterize the three-dimensional spaces admitting at least six or at least seven equidistant points .	Math \textbf { 166 } , 55 -- 83 ) , and gives the existence of energy-minimizing cones with six regions for certain uniformly convex norms on $ \R^3 $ .	On the other hand , no differentiable norm on $ \R^3 $ admits seven equidistant points .	A crucial ingredient in the proof is a classification of all three-dimensional antipodal sets .
+0	In very high energy collisions nuclei are practically tranparent to each other but produce very hot , nearly baryon-free , matter in the so-called central rapidity region .	The energy in the central rapidity region comes from the kinetic energy of the colliding nuclei .	We calculate the energy and rapidity loss of the nuclei using the color glass condensate model .	This model also predicts the excitation energy of the nuclear fragments .	Using a space-time picture of the collision we calculate the baryon and energy densities of the receding baryonic fireballs .
+4	In the case of direct photons new results for the production rates of thermal photons from the QGP and a hot hadron gas as well as for prompt photons from initial hard parton scatterings have been proposed recently .	Direct photons have been proposed as a promising signature for the quark-gluon plasma ( QGP ) formation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions .	Recently WA98 presented the first data on direct photons in Pb+Pb-collisions at SPS .	At the same time RHIC started with its experimental program .	The discovery of the QGP in these experiments relies on a comparison of data with theoretical predictions for QGP signals .
+1	This study is motivated by the indispensable role of this relationship in the mass estimation of cosmologically distant black holes , but may also be relevant to the recently proposed application of this relationship for measuring cosmic distances .	We investigate and quantify the observed scatter in the empirical relationship between the broad line region size R and the luminosity of the active galactic nucleus ( AGN ) , in order to better understand its origin .	We study six nearby reverberation-mapped AGN for which simultaneous UV and optical monitoring data exist .	We also examine the long-term optical luminosity variations of Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 and employ Monte Carlo simulations to study the effects of the intrinsic variability of individual objects on the scatter in the global relationship for a sample of ~40 AGN .	We find the scatter in this relationship has a correctable dependence on color .
+3	We then identify a set of conditions under which users ' opinions converge to a steady state , find a linear relation between the initial and steady state opinions , and develop an efficient estimation method to fit the model parameters from historical fine-grained opinion and information diffusion event data .	Social media and social networking sites have become a global pinboard for exposition and discussion of news , topics , and ideas , where social media users often form their opinion about a particular topic by learning information about it from her peers .	In this context , whenever a user posts a message about a topic , we observe a noisy estimate of her current opinion about it , however , the influence the user may have on other users ' opinions is hidden .	In this paper , we introduce SLANT , a probabilistic modeling framework of opinion dynamics , which allows the underlying opinion of a user to be modulated by those expressed by her neighbors over time .	Experiments on data gathered from Twitter , Reddit and Amazon show that our model provides a good fit to the data and more accurate nowcasting and forecasting than alternatives .
+2	In contrast , we learn an explicit high-order MGRF structure by considering the learning process in terms of general exponential family distributions nested over base models , so that potentials added later can build on previous ones .	Currently , Markov-Gibbs random field ( MGRF ) image models which include high-order interactions are almost always built by modelling responses of a stack of local linear filters .	Actual interaction structure is specified implicitly by the filter coefficients .	We relatively rapidly add new features by skipping over the costly optimisation of parameters .	We introduce the use of local binary patterns as features in MGRF texture models , and generalise them by learning offsets to the surrounding pixels .
+2	We discuss the distributions of flare parameters ( e.g. , peak flux ) and how these parameters correlate , for instance via the Neupert effect .	This review surveys the statistics of solar X-ray flares , emphasising the new views that RHESSI has given us of the weaker events ( the microflares ) .	The new data reveal that these microflares strongly resemble more energetic events in most respects ; they occur solely within active regions and exhibit high-temperature/nonthermal emissions in approximately the same proportion as major events .	We also highlight the systematic biases involved in intercomparing data representing many decades of event magnitude .	The intermittency of the flare/microflare occurrence , both in space and in time , argues that these discrete events do not explain general coronal heating , either in active regions or in the quiet Sun .
+4	We used the associated CI fine structure lines to constrain the volume density of the gas , n ( HI ) ~ 40 - 200 cm^-3 ( 2 sigma ) , resulting in a lower limit on the cloud size of approximately 0.1 - 1 parsec .	We present the first direct evidence for cold gas in a high redshift DLA galaxy .	We measured several multiplets of weak neutral carbon ( CI ) transitions in order to perform a curve of growth analysis .	A delta chi-squared test constrains the best fit Doppler parameter , b = 0.33_ { -0.04 } ^ { +0.05 } km/s , and logN ( CI ) = 13.30 +- 0.2 cm^-2 .	This Doppler parameter constrains the kinetic temperature of the gas to T & lt ; = 78 K ( T & lt ; = 115 K , 2 sigma ) .
+3	The vibrational energy levels of the one-dimensional ground state adiabatic potential of the model are used to make quantitative comparisons with a vast body of condensed phase data , spanning a donor-acceptor separation ( R ) range of about 2.4-3.0 A , i.e. , from strong to weak bonds .	This work considers how the properties of hydrogen bonded complexes , D-H ... .A , are modified by the quantum motion of the shared proton .	Using a simple two-diabatic state model Hamiltonian , the analysis of the symmetric case , where the donor ( D ) and acceptor ( A ) have the same proton affinity , is carried out .	For quantitative comparisons , a parametrization specific to the O-H ... .O complexes is used .	The position of the proton and its longitudinal vibrational frequency , along with the isotope effects in both are discussed .
+1	The latter is rooted on two levels of description .	In the present paper , recent experimental results on large scale coherent steady states observed in experimental von K { \'a } rm { \'a } n flows are revisited from a statistical mechanics perspective .	We first argue that the coherent steady states may be described as the equilibrium states of well-chosen lattice models , that can be used to define global properties of von K { \'a } rm { \'a } n flows , such as their temperatures .	The equilibrium description is then enlarged , in order to reinterpret a series of results about the stability of those steady states , their susceptibility to symmetry breaking , in the light of a deep analogy with the statistical theory of Ferromagnetism .	We call this analogy `` Ferro-Turbulence ''
+4	That is , for small perturbations , the shapes of the deterministic and random processes agree exactly .	We consider discrete-time random perturbations of monotone cellular automata ( CA ) in two dimensions .	Under general conditions , we prove the existence of half-space velocities , and then establish the validity of the Wulff construction for asymptotic shapes arising from finite initial seeds .	Such a shape converges to the polygonal invariant shape of the corresponding deterministic model as the perturbation decreases .	In many cases , exact stability is observed .
+0	We make use of recent results in effective theory and higher-order perturbative calculations to improve the theoretical predictions of the top-quark pair production cross section at hadron colliders .	In particular , we supplement the fixed-order NLO calculation with higher-order corrections from soft gluon resummation at NNLL accuracy .	Uncertainties due to power corrections to the soft limit are estimated by combining results from single-particle inclusive and pair invariant-mass kinematics .	We present our predictions as functions of the top-quark mass in both the pole scheme and the MS ( bar ) scheme .	We also discuss the merits of using threshold masses as an alternative , and calculate the cross section with the top-quark mass defined in the 1S scheme as an illustrative example .
+1	The charge transfer properties are presented in terms of localisation lengths , crudely speaking the length over which electrons travel .	We study the electronic properties of DNA by way of a tight-binding model applied to four particular DNA sequences .	Various types of disorder , including random potentials , are employed to account for different real environments .	We have performed calculations on poly ( dG ) -poly ( dC ) , telomeric-DNA , random-ATGC DNA and lambda-DNA .	We find that random and lambda-DNA have localisation lengths allowing for electron motion among a few dozen base pairs only .
+2	Using the Magellan telescope , we have discovered an unresolved optical source with R = ( 23.80 +/- 0.25 ) mag and V = ( 24.5 +/- 0.3 ) mag within HLX1 's positional error circle .	The existence of black holes of masses ~ 10^2-10^5 Msun has important implications for the formation and evolution of star clusters and supermassive black holes .	One of the strongest candidates to date is the hyperluminous X-ray source HLX1 , possibly located in the S0-a galaxy ESO243-49 , but the lack of an identifiable optical counterpart had hampered its interpretation .	This implies an average X-ray/optical flux ratio ~ 500 .	Taking the same distance as ESO243-49 , we obtain an intrinsic brightness M_R = ( -11.0 +/- 0.3 ) mag , comparable to that of a massive globular cluster .
+3	We give a necessary and sufficient condition for identification of the full data law given a valid shadow variable under MNAR , and also sufficient conditions which are convenient to verify in practice .	We consider identification and estimation with an outcome missing not at random ( MNAR ) .	We study an identification strategy based on a so-called { \it shadow variable } .	An shadow variable is assumed to be correlated with the outcome , but independent of the missingness mechanism conditional on the outcome .	The conditions are satisfied by many commonly-used models , and thus essentially state that lack of identification is not an issue in many situations .
+1	The errors due to technological inaccuracy of location of donor atoms under a gate are evaluated .	The influence of the electric field created by a gate potential of the silicon quantum computer on the hyperfine interaction constant ( HIC ) is obtained .	The energy spectra of electron-nuclear spin system of two interacting donor atoms with various values of HIC are calculated .	The presence of two pairs of anticrossing levels in the ground electronic state is shown .	Parameters of the structure at which errors rate can be greatly minimized are found .
+2	We take advantage of the low extinction and model the near-IR to UV emission with a multi-temperature disk model .	( abridged ) We report on multi-wavelength measurements of Swift J1753.5-0127 in the hard state at L=2.7e36 erg/s ( assuming d=3 kpc ) in 2014 .	The radio emission is optically thick synchrotron , presumably from a compact jet .	Assuming a BH mass of M_BH=5 Msun and a system inclination of 40 deg , the fits imply an inner radius for the disk of Rin/Rg & gt ; 212 d_3 ( 5Msun/M_BH ) .	The outer radius is R_out/R_g=90,000 d_3 ( 5Msun/M_BH ) , which corresponds to 6.6e10 d_3 cm , consistent with the expected size of the disk .
+0	The mechanism of the anomalous Hall transport phenomena , if it is of the intrinsic or extrinsic origin , has been controversial .	We present a unified theory of them for ferromagnetic metals with dilute impurities at the zero temperature , in terms of a quantum transport theory with the self-consistent T-matrix approximation .	With the Fermi energy E_F and the spin-orbit interaction energy E_ { SO } being fixed ( E_F & gt ; E_ { SO } ) , three regimes are found as a function of the scattering rate \hbar/\tau .	( i ) In the superclean case \hbar/\tau & lt ; u_ { imp } E_ { SO } D , the skew scattering from the vertex correction dominates the anomalous Hall conductivity \sigma_ { xy } , where u_ { imp } is the impurity potential strength and D is the density of states .	With increasing \hbar/\tau , this extrinsic skew-scattering contribution rapidly decays .
+3	Within the anthropic range of values the no-boundary state yields an approximately flat distribution on Lambda and strongly favors small values of Q .	We show that anthropic selection emerges inevitably in the general framework for prediction in quantum cosmology .	There the predictions of anthropic reasoning depend on the prior implied by the universe 's quantum state .	To illustrate this we compute the probabilities specified by the no-boundary wave function for our observations at the present time of the values of Lambda and Q in an inflationary landscape model in which both quantities vary .	This restores Weinberg 's successful prediction of Lambda .
+0	This paper presents an analysis of observational data on the p-mode spectrum of the star alpha Cen B and a comparison with theoretical computations of the stochastic excitation and damping of the modes .	We find that at frequencies & gt ; 4500 micro-Hz , the model damping rates appear to be too weak to explain the observed shape of the power spectral density of alpha Cen B .	The conclusion rests on the assumption that most of the disagreement is due to problems modelling the damping rates , not the excitation rates , of the modes .	This assumption is supported by a parallel analysis of BiSON Sun-as-a-star data , for which it is possible to use analysis of very long timeseries to place tight constraints on the assumption .	The BiSON analysis shows that there is a similar high-frequency disagreement between theory and observation in the Sun .
+4	Exploring various possible ground-state spin configurations of the adatoms , we find that antiferromagnetic configuration yields the lowest total electronic energy , and is the only configuration that forms a gap .	We present a theoretical study of the optical conductivity of graphene with magnetic and nonmagnetic adatoms .	First , by introducing alternating potential in a pure graphene , we demonstrate a gap formation in the density of states and the corresponding optical conductivity .	We highlight the distinction between such a gap formation and the so-called Pauli blocking effect .	Next , we apply this idea to graphene with adatoms by introducing magnetic interactions between the carrier spins and the spins of the adatoms .
+0	We analyze the zero-energy sector of the trigonal zigzag nanodisk and corner based on the Dirac theory of graphene .	The zero-energy states are shown to be indexed by the edge momentum and grouped according to the irreducible representation of the trigonal symmetry group $ C_ { 3v } $ .	Wave functions are explicitly constructed as holomorphic or antiholomorphic functions around the K or K ' point .	Each zero-energy mode is a chiral edge mode .	We find a texture of magnetic vortices .
+4	We find good agreement between the observed expansion velocities and numerical models that use magnetic fields with stellar rotation as collimation mechanism .	We present the kinematics of a sample of bipolar planetary nebulae ( PNe ) which cover a wide range of observed morphologies and collimation degrees , from bipolar PNe with a marked equatorial ring and wide lobes to highly collimated objects .	We use an empirical model in order to derive the expansion velocity , collimation degree , and inclination angle of the PN with respect to the plane of the sky .	The equatorial expansion velocities measured in the objects in our sample are always in the low to medium range ( 3-16km/s ) , while their polar expansion velocities range from low to very high ( 18-100 km/s ) .	None of the objects in our sample , even those that show an extreme collimation degree , seem to be ( kinematically ) younger than ~1000 yr. We compare our results with the state-of-the-art theoretical models for the formation of bipolar PNe .
+2	In finite rectangular domains , it is shown that a regular hexagonal pattern can not occur if the aspect ratio is rational .	In many mathematical models for pattern formation , a regular hexagonal pattern is stable in an infinite region .	However , laboratory and numerical experiments are carried out in finite domains , and this imposes certain constraints on the possible patterns .	In practice , it is found experimentally that in a rectangular region , patterns of irregular hexagons are often observed .	This work analyses the geometry and dynamics of irregular hexagonal patterns .
+1	Invariance under reparametrizations and Poincar\'e symmetries uniquely determine the action and the line element to be the usual ones , without the weight factors typical of particle mechanics in these geometries .	We study the action and the dynamics of a relativistic particle , uncharged or charged , in multiscale spacetimes .	The resulting spacetime is multiscale only along spatial directions .	This version of the system is also dictated by recovery of the nonrelativistic limit together with compatibility with Maxwell and electrodynamics field theory .	Giving up all these requirements and allowing for a nontrivial weight factor in the time direction produces a modified line element and considerably complicates the dynamics in the case of a charged particle .
+1	The importance of such observations lies in their ability to reveal information about the jet magnetic ( { \bf B } ) field structure and the environment of the jet on scales intermediate between those probed by higher-frequency VLBI and connected-element interferometers such as the Very Large Array .	Relatively few Very Long Baseline Interferometry ( VLBI ) polarization observations have been carried out at 18 cm .	We have obtained polarization observations of 34 BL Lac objects with the Very Long Baseline Array ( VLBA ) , at 4 separate wavelengths in the 18-20 cm band .	The 18-cm jets typically extend to tens of parsecs .	In some cases , the decaparsec jet is a continuation of the jet on smaller scales , while in others , we see appreciable bending .
+3	We use our factorization model for the internal Hom to calculate the extended Hochschild cohomology for equivariant factorizations on affine space .	We provide a factorization model for the continuous internal Hom , in the homotopy category of $ k $ -linear dg-categories , between dg-categories of equivariant factorizations .	This motivates a notion , similar to that of Kuznetsov , which we call the extended Hochschild cohomology algebra of the category of equivariant factorizations .	In some cases of geometric interest , extended Hochschild cohomology contains Hochschild cohomology as a subalgebra and Hochschild homology as a homogeneous component .	Combining the computation of extended Hochschild cohomology with the Hochschild-Kostant-Rosenberg isomorphism and a theorem of Orlov recovers and extends Griffiths ' classical description of the primitive cohomology of a smooth , complex projective hypersurface in terms of homogeneous pieces of the Jacobian algebra .
+4	Tight operator-wise cooperation provides superior performance , but at the expense of high infrastructure cost and business-related barriers .	Predictions for wireless and mobile Internet access suggest exponential traffic increase particularly in inbuilding environments .	Non-traditional actors such as facility owners have a growing interest in deploying and operating their own indoor networks to fulfill the capacity demand .	Such local operators will need spectrum sharing with neighboring networks because they are not likely to have their own dedicated spectrum .	Management of inter-network interference then becomes a key issue for high capacity provision .
+4	Under conditions envisioned for the proposed quantum computers , both the concurrence and $ \triangle\omega $ become very small for the ground eigenstate .	In proposals for quantum computers using arrays of trapped ultracold polar molecules as qubits , a strong external field with appreciable gradient is imposed in order to prevent quenching of the dipole moments by rotation and to distinguish among the qubit sites .	That field induces the molecular dipoles to undergo pendular oscillations , which markedly affect the qubit states and the dipole-dipole interaction .	We evaluate entanglement of the pendular qubit states for two linear dipoles , characterized by pairwise concurrence , as a function of the molecular dipole moment and rotational constant , strengths of the external field and the dipole-dipole coupling , and ambient temperature .	We also evaluate a key frequency shift , $ \triangle\omega $ , produced by the dipole-dipole interaction .
+3	We argue that this result follows from a notion of directed influence in the renormalization group flow that is closely connected to the success of Wilson 's numerical renormalization group for impurity problems .	Consider two quantum critical Hamiltonians $ H $ and $ \tilde { H } $ on a $ d $ -dimensional lattice that only differ in some region $ \mathcal { R } $ .	We study the relation between holographic representations , obtained through real-space renormalization , of their corresponding ground states $ \left.| \psi \right\rangle $ and $ \left.| \tilde { \psi } \right\rangle $ .	We observe that , even though $ \left.| \psi \right\rangle $ and $ \left.| \tilde { \psi } \right\rangle $ disagree significantly both inside and outside region $ \mathcal { R } $ , they still admit holographic descriptions that only differ inside the past causal cone $ \mathcal { C } ( \mathcal { R } ) $ of region $ \mathcal { R } $ , where $ \mathcal { C } ( \mathcal { R } ) $ is obtained by coarse-graining region $ \mathcal { R } $ .	At a practical level , directed influence allows us to exploit translation invariance when describing a homogeneous system with e.g.an impurity , in spite of the fact that the Hamiltonian is no longer invariant under translations .
+3	Here we report on two early -- type galaxies which turned out to host the largest kinematically peculiar cores yet found in `` normal '' early -- type galaxies : NGC 4816 hosts a decoupled counter rotating core with a radial extension along the major axis of 2.7 kpc , while IC 4051 has a co-rotating peculiar core with a sizes of 3.4 kpc .	The Coma cluster is one of the richest known cluster of galaxies , spanning about 4 dex in density .	Hence it is the ideal place to study the structure of galaxies as a function of environmental density in order to constrain the theories of galaxy formation and evolution .	For a magnitude limited sample of 35 E and S0 galaxies we obtained long slit spectra to derive the rotation curves , the velocity dispersion profiles and the radial gradients of the Mg , Fe and H_beta line indices .	We combine our data with HST photometry and show that both cores are flattened central stellar disks which contribute less than 1 % to the total V band light of the galaxies , but are nevertheless conspicuous ( 1 - 2 x 10**9 L_sun ) .
+2	In the case of HD 209458 , this hypothesis has been rejected by some authors because there is no sign of such a companion at the 5 m/s level , and because it is difficult to say conclusively that the eccentricity is non-zero .	Of the fourteen transiting extrasolar planetary systems for which radii have been measured , at least three appear to be considerably larger than theoretical estimates suggest .	It has been proposed by Bodenheimer , Lin & amp ; Mardling that undetected companions acting to excite the orbital eccentricity are responsible for these oversized planets , as they find new equilibrium radii in response to being tidally heated .	Transit timing analysis [ ... ] .	Whether or not a companion is responsible for the large radius of HD 209458b , almost certainly some short-period systems have companions which force their eccentricities to nonzero values .
+3	In the proposed algorithm , two threshold levels are utilized based on predicting the current PU activity , which can be successfully expected using a simple successive averaging process with time .	Spectrum Sensing ( SS ) constitutes the most critical task i n Cognitive Radio ( CR ) systems for Primary User ( PU ) detection .	Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ( CSS ) is introduced to enhance the detection reliability of the PU in fading environments .	In this paper , we propose a soft decision based CSS algorithm using energy detection by taking into account the noise uncertainty effect .	The two threshold levels are evaluated based on estimating the noise uncertainty factor .
+2	Such dependence of thermodynamic functions on the \mu-parameter is at the core of modification of Bose gas model and arises through the use of new techniques given by us , the \mu-calculus , an alternative to the well-known q-calculus ( Jackson derivative and integral ) .	For the recently introduced \mu-deformed analog of Bose gas model ( \mu-Bose gas model ) we study some thermodynamical aspects .	Namely , we calculate total number of particles and , from it , the deformed partition function , both involving dependence on the deformation parameter \mu .	Necessary elements of \mu-calculus are first presented .	Then , for high temperatures we obtain virial expansion of the equation of state and find five first virial coefficients , as functions of \mu .
+2	Our approach takes this into account by using a Green 's function formalism to solve the full system .	Coupled quantum dots are an example of the ubiquitous quantum double potential well .	In a typical transport experiment , each quantum dot is also coupled to a continuum of states .	The time-dependent solution is then explored in different limiting cases .	In general , a combination of coherent and incoherent behavior is observed .
+4	Thanks to its genericity , DiaPlan allows to implement systems that represent and manipulate data in arbitrary diagram notations .	This paper illustrates how the diagram programming language DiaPlan can be used to program visual systems .	DiaPlan is a visual rule-based language that is founded on the computational model of graph transformation .	The language supports object-oriented programming since its graphs are hierarchically structured .	Typing allows the shape of these graphs to be specified recursively in order to increase program security .
+0	Relaxor ferroelectrics are difficult to study and understand .	The experiment shows that at low energy scattering there is an acoustic mode , an optic mode , dynamic quasi-elastic scattering and strictly elastic scattering as well as Bragg peaks at the zone centre .	We have studied the scattering using the TASP spectrometer at PSI and have analysed the data using a model with interactions between the different components particularly to determine the properties of the elastic scattering .	The quasi-elastic scattering begins to become significant at the Burns temperature of 620 K. It steadily increases in intensity on cooling reaching a maximum at ~400 K. Below this temperature the strictly elastic scattering begins to increase and shows a broadened line shape characteristic of crystals in a random applied field .	We show that all the results obtained from PMN for the elastic scattering are consistent with the crystal having a random field transition at ~400 K. We have obtained similar results for PMN-PT and PZN-PT suggesting that random fields of the nano-regions also play an important role in these materials .
+2	We construct explicitly all the corresponding conserved charges as decompositions in a special constraint basis .	We describe symmetry structure of a general singular theory ( theory with constraints in the Hamiltonian formulation ) , and , in particular , we relate the structure of gauge transformations with the constraint structure .	We show that any symmetry transformation can be represented as a sum of three kinds of symmetries : global , gauge , and trivial symmetries .	The global part of a symmetry does not vanish on the extremals , and the corresponding charge does not vanish on the extremals as well .	The gauge part of a symmetry does not vanish on the extremals , but the gauge charge vanishes on them .
+1	This start-up method , used in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak ( MAST ) , is studied as a high Lundquist number and low plasma-beta magnetic reconnection experiment .	In the merging-compression method of plasma start-up , two flux-ropes with parallel toroidal current are formed around in-vessel poloidal field coils , before merging to form a spherical tokamak plasma .	In this paper , 2D fluid simulations are presented of this merging process in order to understand the underlying physics , and better interpret the experimental data .	These simulations examine the individual and combined effects of tight-aspect ratio geometry and two-fluid physics on the merging .	The ideal self-driven flux-rope dynamics are coupled to the diffusion layer physics , resulting in a large range of phenomena .
+2	We show that at very low temperatures the system is controlled by the zero-temperature infrared stable fixed point while at intermediate temperatures the behavior is that of the unstable fixed point .	In this paper we examine the behavior in temperature of the free energy on quantum systems in an arbitrary number of dimensions .	We define from the free energy a function $ C $ of the coupling constants and the temperature , which in the regimes where quantum fluctuations dominate , is a monotonically increasing function of the temperature .	The $ C $ function displays this crossover explicitly .	This behavior is reminiscent of Zamolodchikov 's $ C $ -theorem of field theories in 1+1 dimensions .
+2	We then identify the corresponding closed string boundary states together with the massless long range fields they excite .	We calculate the string loop corrections to the tachyon potential for stable non-BPS Dp-branes on the orbifold T^4/Z_2 .	We find a non-trivial phase structure and we show that , after tachyon condensation , the non-BPS Dp-branes are attracted to each other for p=0,1,2 .	For p=3,4 the string loop correction diverge .	We identify the massless closed string fields responsible for these divergencies and regularise the partition function using a Fischler-Susskind mechanism .
+4	The second one is radius of the primary kernel $ r_k & gt ; r_m $ , across which the vorticity of the primary circulation changes sign and the vertical velocity changes direction .	The secondary circulation of the tropical cyclone ( TC ) is related to its formation and intensification , thus becomes very important in the studies .	The analytical solutions have both the primary and secondary circulation in a three-dimensionally nonhydrostatic and adiabatic model .	We prove that there are three intrinsic radiuses for the axisymmetrically ideal incompressible flow .	The first one is the radius of maximum primary circular velocity $ r_m $ .
+4	The technique of random matrix theory is able to answer this question , and has been recently applied successfully in the physics journals to financial markets data .	The degree of convergence of the business cycles of the economies of the European Union is a key policy issue .	In particular , a substantial degree of convergence is needed if the European Central Bank is to be capable of setting a monetary policy which is appropriate to the stage of the cycle of the Euro zone economies .	We consider the annual rates of real GDP growth on a quarterly basis in the large core economies of the EU ( France , Germany and Italy , plus the Netherlands ) over the period 1978Q1 - 2000Q3 .	An important empirical question is the degree to which the correlations between these growth rates contain true information rather than noise .
+3	The 2 sigma lower bound on the observer-frame equivalent width is & gt ; 530A .	We present a redshift z=6.535 galaxy discovered by its Lyman alpha emission in a 9180A narrowband image from the Large Area Lyman Alpha ( LALA ) survey .	The Ly-a line luminosity ( 1.1e43 erg/s ) is among the largest known for star forming galaxies at z=6.5 .	The line shows the distinct asymmetry that is characteristic of high-redshift Ly-a .	This is hard to reconcile with a neutral intergalactic medium unless the Ly-a line is intrinsically strong and is emitted from its host galaxy with an intrinsic Doppler shift of several hundred km/s .
+0	It has always been a great challenge for clustering algorithms to automatically determine the cluster numbers according to the distribution of datasets .	Several approaches have been proposed to address this issue , including the recent promising work which incorporate Bayesian Nonparametrics into the $ k $ -means clustering procedure .	This approach shows simplicity in implementation and solidity in theory , while it also provides a feasible way to inference in large scale datasets .	However , several problems remains unsolved in this pioneering work , including the power-law data applicability , mechanism to merge centers to avoid the over-fitting problem , clustering order problem , e.t.c.. To address these issues , the Pitman-Yor Process based k-means ( namely \emph { pyp-means } ) is proposed in this paper .	Taking advantage of the Pitman-Yor Process , \emph { pyp-means } treats clusters differently by dynamically and adaptively changing the threshold to guarantee the generation of power-law clustering results .
+2	Such gravity methods provide powerful new tools to access the physics of these strongly coupled theories , which often differs qualitatively from that found at weak coupling .	The AdS/CFT correspondence relates certain strongly coupled CFTs with large effective central charge $ c_\text { eff } $ to semi-classical gravitational theories with AdS asymptotics .	We describe recent progress in understanding gravity duals for CFTs on non-trivial spacetimes at finite temperature , both in and out of equilibrium .	Our discussion begins with basic aspects of AdS/CFT and progresses through thermal CFTs on the Einstein Static Universe and on periodically identified Minkowski spacetime .	In the latter context we focus on states describing so-called plasma balls , which become stable at large $ c_\text { eff } $ .
+0	Motivated by modern applications like image processing and wireless sensor networks , we consider a variation of the famous Kepler Conjecture .	Given any infinite set of unit balls covering the whole space , we want to know the optimal ( lim sup ) density of the volume which is covered by exactly one ball ( i.e. , the maximum such density over all unit ball covers , called the { \em optimal 1-density } and denoted as $ \delta_d $ , where $ d $ is the dimension of the Euclidean space ) .	We prove that in 2D the optimal 1-density $ \delta_2= ( 3\sqrt ( 3 ) -\pi ) /\pi \approx 0.6539 $ , which is achieved through a regular hexagonal covering .	In 3D , the problem is widely open and we present a Dodecehadral Cover Conjecture which states that the optimal 1-density in 3D , $ \delta_3 $ , is bounded from above by the 1-density of a unit ball whose Voronoi polyhedron is a regular dodecahedron of circum-radius one ( determined by 12 extra unit balls ) .	We show numerically that this 1-density $ \delta_3 ( dc ) \approx 0.315 $ .
+2	The solutions are analyzed and the mass , angular momentum and charge are computed .	We derive new rotating , non-asymptotically flat black ring solutions in five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity with dilaton coupling constant $ \alpha=\sqrt { 8/3 } $ which arises from a six-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory .	As a limiting case we also find new rotating , non-asymptotically flat five-dimensional black holes .	A Smarr-like relation is found .	It is shown that the first law of black hole thermodynamics is satisfied .
+3	In contrast to this , the lower mass BP Tau is likely to be completely convective .	Models of magnetospheric accretion on to classical T Tauri stars often assume that the stellar magnetic field is a simple dipole .	Recent Zeeman-Doppler imaging studies of V2129 Oph and BP Tau have shown however that their magnetic fields are more complex .	V2129 Oph is a high mass T Tauri star and despite its young age is believed to have already developed a radiative core .	As the internal structure and therefore the magnetic field generation process is different in both stars , it is of particular interest to compare the structure of their magnetic fields obtained by field extrapolation from magnetic surface maps .
+0	We study in this paper the low Mach number limit for the 2d isentropic Euler system with ill-prepared initial data belonging to the critical Besov space $ B_ { 2,1 } ^2 $ .	By combining Strichartz estimates with the special structure of the vorticity we prove that the lifespan goes to infinity as the Mach number goes to zero .	We also prove the strong convergence in the space of the initial data $ B_ { 2,1 } ^2 $ of the incompressible parts to the solution of the incompressible Euler system .	There are at least two main difficulties : the first one concerns the Beale-Kato-Majda criterion which is not known to work for rough regularities .	However , the second one is related to the critical aspect of the quantity $ \Vert ( \textnormal { div } \ , v_ { \varepsilon } , \nabla c_ { \varepsilon } ) \Vert_ { L_ { T } ^ { 1 } L^\infty } $ which has the scale of $ B_ { 2,1 } ^2 $ in the space variable .
+4	Fair agreement is found provided the coarse-graining scale is kept within certain limits .	In this paper a quantum mechanical phase space picture is constructed for coarse-grained free quantum fields in an inflationary Universe .	The appropriate stochastic quantum Liouville equation is derived .	Explicit solutions for the phase space quantum distribution function are found for the cases of power law and exponential expansions .	The expectation values of dynamical variables with respect to these solutions are compared to the corresponding cutoff regularized field theoretic results ( we do not restrict ourselves only to $ \VEV { \F^2 } $ ) .
+2	If the cavities are interpreted as gas displaced by relativistic plasma inflated by an AGN , even in the absence of extended 1.4 GHz emission , this would be consistent with a recent outburst as also indicated by the extent of dust and H_alpha emission .	We present a two-dimensional analysis of the bright nearby galaxy group NGC 5044 using the currently available Chandra and XMM data .	In the inner 10 kpc a pair of cavities are evident together with a set of bright X-ray filaments .	The soft X-ray filaments coincident with H_alpha and dust emission are cooler than the ones which do not correlate with optical and infrared emission .	We suggest that dust-aided cooling contributes to form warm ( T =10^4 K ) gas , emitting H_alpha radiation .
+1	The mixing between the singlet scalar and the Higgs boson provides a portal to dark matter .	We investigate an inflationary model involving a gauge singlet scalar and fermionic dark matter .	The inflaton could either be the Higgs boson or the singlet scalar , and slow roll inflation is realized via its non-minimal coupling to gravity .	In this setup , the effective scalar potential is stabilized by the mixing between two scalars and coupling with dark matter .	We study constraints from collider searches , relic density and direct detection , and find that dark matter mass should be around half the mass of either the Higgs boson or singlet scalar .
+4	They were run in a 30 Mpc/h box and have 128^3 particles in a 128^3 mesh .	We make available to the public 4 dark matter simulations that cover 4 CDM cosmological models and were run with the AP^3M code ( Couchamn 1991 ) .	These simulations are described in Colin et al .	( ApJ , 523 , 32 , 1999 ) .	There are about 20 epochs available per model .
+0	Assembling a gene from candidate exons is an important problem in computational biology .	Among the most successful approaches to this problem is \emph { spliced alignment } , proposed by Gelfand et al. , which scores different candidate exon chains within a DNA sequence of length $ m $ by comparing them to a known related gene sequence of length n , $ m = \Theta ( n ) $ .	Gelfand et al.\ gave an algorithm for spliced alignment running in time O ( n^3 ) .	Kent et al.\ considered sparse spliced alignment , where the number of candidate exons is O ( n ) , and proposed an algorithm for this problem running in time O ( n^ { 2.5 } ) .	We improve on this result , by proposing an algorithm for sparse spliced alignment running in time O ( n^ { 2.25 } ) .
+0	In this paper , applying general gauge field theory , we will construct an electroweak model .	In this new electroweak model , Higgs mechanism is not used , so no Higgs particle exists in the model .	In order to keep the masses of intermediate gauge bosons non-zero , we will introduce two sets of gauge fields .	We need a vacuum potential to introduce symmetry breaking and to introduce the masses of all fields .	Except for theose terms concern of Higgs particle , the fundamental dynamical properties of this model are similar to those of the standard model .
+0	No realistic black holes localized on a 3-brane in the Randall-Sundrum infinite braneworld have been found so far .	The problem of finding a static black hole solution is reduced to a boundary value problem .	We solve it by means of a numerical method , and show numerical examples of a localized black hole whose horizon radius is small compared to the bulk curvature scale .	The sequence of small localized black holes exhibits a smooth transition from a five-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole , which is a solution in the limit of small horizon radius .	The localized black hole tends to flatten as its horizon radius increases .
+3	Given a high enough ICM pressure , this mixed gas lies in the X-ray bright region of the phase diagram .	Some tails of ram-pressure stripped galaxies are detected in HI , some in Halpha , and some in X-ray ( but never all three so far ) .	We use numerical simulations to probe the conditions for the production of X-ray bright tails , demonstrating that the primary requirement is a high pressure intracluster medium ( ICM ) .	This is because the stripped tail is mostly in pressure equilibrium with the ICM , but mixing leaves it with densities and temperatures intermediate between the cold gas in the disk and the hot ICM .	We compare the simulations to observations of the ram pressure stripped tail of ESO 137-001 , showing excellent agreement in the total measured X-ray and Halpha emission and non-flaring morphology of the tail , and consistent HI measurements .
+2	We present the results for the case of GRB030406 .	Using the IBIS Compton mode , the INTEGRAL satellite is able to detect and localize bright and hard GRBs , which happen outside of the nominal INTEGRAL telescopes field of view .	We have developed a method of analyzing such INTEGRAL data to obtain the burst location and spectra .	The burst is localized with the Compton events , and the location is consistent with the previous Interplanetary Network position .	A spectral analysis is possible with the detailed modeling of the detector response for such a far off-axis source with the offset of 36.9 $ ^\circ $ .
+3	We estimate this critical coupling by applying the self-consistent phonon theory ( SCPT ) to the anharmonic counterpart .	In this work we investigate heat conduction along a ladder-model conformed by two coupled one dimensional lattices with different anharmonicity .	We study how the interchain coupling modifies the thermal properties of the isolated systems .	For a large enough coupling strength , we demonstrate that a harmonic lattice interacting with an anharmonic one is able to support a linear thermal gradient when it is connected to two heat reservoirs at different temperatures .	By exchanging the heat baths connections between the harmonic and the anharmonic chains , our results show that the coupled system reveals as a thermal rectifier .
+3	The prediction tests the helicity , twist and chirality selection rules of perturbative QCD that form the foundation for the analysis of spin dependent hard processes .	Plans are underway to measure spin asymmetries at large momentum transfer in hadron hadron collisions at RHIC and elsewhere .	Proposals have focused on measuring quark transversity and quark and gluon helicity distributions in the nucleon .	These experiments will also provide a strong and simple test of perturbative QCD , namely that $ { \cal A } _ { TT } / { \cal A } _ { LL } \ll 1 $ in $ pp\rightarrow 2\ , { \rm jets } +X $ and several related processes , whereas $ { \cal A } _ { TT } / { \cal A } _ { LL } \sim 1 $ in Drell-Yan production of muon pairs .	We estimate the ratio $ { \cal A } _ { TT } / { \cal A } _ { LL } $ numerically for polarized protons at RHIC .
+1	We conduct a detailed quantitative comparison of the efficacy of this method through tests on simulated data comparable in spectral coverage and resolution to the currently operating direct imaging systems around the world .	We present a new and computationally efficient method for characterizing very low mass companions using low resolution ( $ R\sim $ 30 ) near-infrared ( $ YJH $ ) spectra from high contrast imaging campaigns with integral field spectrograph ( IFS ) units .	In particular , we simulate Project 1640 data as an example of the use , accuracy , and precision of this technique .	We present results from comparing simulated spectra of M , L , and T dwarfs with a large and finely-sampled grid of synthetic spectra using Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques .	We determine the precision and accuracy of effective temperature and surface gravity inferred from fits to PHOENIX dusty and cond , which we find reproduce the low-resolution spectra of all objects within the adopted flux uncertainties .
+4	The time variable spectroastrometric properties of the CO v=1-0 emission line point to an orbiting source of CO emission with an emitting area similar to that expected for a circumplanetary disk ( ~0.1au^2 ) assuming the CO emission is optically thick .	We report high resolution NIR spectroscopy of CO and OH emission from the Herbig Be star HD100546 .	We discuss how our results bear striking resemblance to several theoretically predicted signposts of giant planet formation .	The properties of the CO and OH emission lines are consistent with our earlier interpretation that these diagnostics provide indirect evidence for a companion that orbits the star close to the disk wall ( at ~13au ) .	The asymmetry of the OH spectral line profiles and their lack of time variability are consistent with emission from gas in an eccentric orbit at the disk wall that is approximately stationary in the inertial frame .
+2	The algorithm is then implemented into a CFD-DEM solver based on OpenFOAM and LAMMPS , the former being a general-purpose , three-dimensional CFD solver based on unstructured meshes .	In this work , a coarse-graining method previously proposed by the authors in a companion paper based on solving diffusion equations is applied to CFD-DEM simulations , where coarse graining is used to obtain solid volume fraction , particle phase velocity , and fluid-particle interaction forces .	By examining the conservation requirements , the variables to solve diffusion equations for in CFD-DEM simulations are identified .	Numerical simulations are performed for a fluidized bed by using the CFD-DEM solver with the diffusion-based coarse-graining algorithm .	Converged results are obtained on successively refined meshes , even for meshes with cell sizes comparable to or smaller than the particle diameter .
+3	In the conformal map case , allowed states have only symmetric or anti-symmetric wave function under inversion of a dynamical variable describing the breathing mode .	A quantization of a breathing motion of a rotating chiral soliton on $ S^3 $ is performed in terms of a family of trial functions for a profile function of the hegdehog ansatz .	We determine eigenenergies of the quantized $ S^3 $ skyrmion by solving the Schr\ '' odinger equation of the breathing mode for several lower spin and isospin states varying the Skyrme term constants $ e $ .	When $ S^3 $ radius is smaller than $ 2/ef_\pi $ , where $ f_\pi $ is the pion decay constant , we always obtain a conformal map solution as the lowest eigenenergy state .	As the $ S^3 $ radius increases the energy splitting between the symmetric and anti-symmetric states rapidly decreases and two states become completely degenerate state .
+0	The structures and symmetries of single-walled carbon nanotubes ( SWNTs ) are introduced in detail .	The physical properties of SWNTs induced by their symmetries can be described by tensors in mathematical point of view .	It is found that there are 2 , 4 , and 5 different parameters in the second , third , and fourth rank tensors representing electronic conductivity ( or static polarizability ) , the second order nonlinear polarizability , and elastic constants of SWNTs , respectively .	The values of elastic constants obtained from tight-binding method imply that SWNTs might be very weakly anisotropic in mechanical properties .	The further study on the mechanical properties shows that the elastic shell theory in the macroscopic scale can be applied to carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) in the mesoscopic scale , as a result , SWNTs can be regarded as an isotropic material with Poisson ratio , effective thickness , and Young 's modulus being $ \nu=0.34 $ , $ h=0.75 $ \AA , $ Y=4.70 $ TPa , respectively , while the Young 's moduli of multi-walled carbon nanotubes ( MWNTs ) are apparent functions of the number of layers , $ N $ , varying from 4.70TPa to 1.04TPa for N=1 to $ \infty $ .
+0	We present a study of the abundances and physical conditions in the interstellar gas toward the heavily reddened star HD 192639 [ E_ ( B-V ) = 0.64 ] , based on analysis of FUSE and HST/STIS spectra covering the range from 912 to 1361 A .	This work constitutes a survey of the analyses that can be performed to study the interstellar gas when combining data from different instruments .	Low-velocity ( -18 to -8 km/s ) components are seen primarily for various neutral and singly ionized species such as C I , O I , S I , Mg II , Cl I , Cl II , Mn II , Fe II and Cu II .	Numerous lines of H2 are present in the FUSE spectra , with a kinetic temperature for the lowest rotational levels T_ ( 01 ) = ( 90 +/- 10 ) K. Analysis of the C I fine-structure excitation implies an average local density of hydrogen n_H = ( 16 +/- 3 ) cm^-3 .	The average electron density , derived from five neutral/first ion pairs under the assumption of photoionization equilibrium , is n_e = ( 0.11 +/- 0.02 ) cm^-3 .
+2	An authorized and scheduled penetration testing will probably detected by IDS ( Intrusion Detection System ) .	Network penetration testing identifies the exploits and vulnerabilities those exist within computer network infrastructure and help to confirm the security measures .	The objective of this paper is to explain methodology and methods behind penetration testing and illustrate remedies over it , which will provide substantial value for network security Penetration testing should model real world attacks as closely as possible .	Network penetration testing is done by either or manual automated tools .	Penetration test can gather evidence of vulnerability in the network .
+2	This modification causes a local deformation of the vesicle , which then relaxes .	We study a dynamical curvature instability caused by a local chemical modification of a phospholipid membrane .	In our experiments , a basic solution is microinjected close to a giant unilamellar vesicle , which induces a local chemical modification of some lipids in the external monolayer of the membrane .	We present a theoretical description of this instability , taking into account both the change of the equilibrium lipid density and the change of the spontaneous membrane curvature induced by the chemical modification .	We show that these two types of changes of the membrane properties yield different dynamics .
+0	PSR J1357-6429 is a Vela-like radio pulsar that has been recently detected with Chandra and Fermi , which , like Vela , powers a compact X-ray pulsar wind nebula and X-ray-radio plerion associated with an extended TeV source .	We present our deep optical observations with the Very Large Telescope to search for an optical counterpart of the pulsar and its nebula .	We detected a point-like source in V , R , and I bands whose position is in agreement with the X-ray position of the pulsar , and whose colours are distinct from those of ordinary stars .	The tentative optical luminosity and efficiency of the source are similar to those of the Vela pulsar , which also supports the optical identification .	However , the source spectrum is unusually steep , with a spectral index of about 5 , which is not typical of optical pulsars .
+1	One can thus ask what information is contained in the correlation functions of protein concentrations and how they relate to the response of the reactive network to a perturbation .	Theoretical and experimental studies have shown that the fluctuations of in vivo systems break the fluctuation-dissipation theorem .	Answers to these questions are of prime importance to extract meaningful parameters from the in vivo fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data .	In this paper we study the fluctuations of the concentration of a reactive species involved in a cyclic network that is in a non-equilibrium steady state perturbed by a noisy force , taking into account both the breaking of detailed balance and extrinsic noises .	Using a generic model for the network and the extrinsic noise , we derive a Chemical Langevin Equation that describes the dynamics of the system , we determine the expressions of the correlation functions of the concentrations , estimate the deviation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the range of parameters in which an effective temperature can be defined .
+1	B 60 , 1309 ( 1999 ) ; Ammirata et al. , Physica C 313 , 225 ( 1999 ) ] that for 2D superconductors there exists a phase transition with the dynamic critical exponent z\approx 5.6 .	It has been suggested [ Pierson et al. , Phys.Rev .	We perform simulations for the 2D RSJ model and compare the results with the experimental data in Repaci et al .	obtained for an ultrathin YBCO sample [ Phys.Rev .	B 54 , R9674 ( 1996 ) ] .
+3	A nonlinear classical system of equations replacing QM Schr\ '' odinger equation is suggested .	Uncertainty relations are shown to have nothing specific for quantum mechanics , being the general property valid for arbitrary function .	A wave function of a particle having precisely defined position and momentum in QM simultaneously is demonstrated .	Interference on two slits in a screen is shown to exist in classical mechanics .	This approach is shown to have nothing in common with Bohmian mechanics .
+2	Since the most important building block in the $ \Lambda ( 1520 ) $ is the $ \pi \Sgs ( 1385 ) P_ { 13 } $ channel , we study the $ K^- p \to \pi \Sgs ( 1385 ) ( \pi^0 \Lambda ) $ reaction in the region of the $ \Lambda ( 1520 ) $ and above , and compare the results with recent experimental data .	We study the $ \Lambda ( 1520 ) D_ { 03 } $ in a chiral coupled channel approach .	This resonance appears as dynamically generated from the interaction of the decuplet of baryons and the octet of mesons in s-wave , and its treatment is improved here with the phenomenological inclusion of the $ \bar { K } N $ and $ \pi \Sigma $ channels in d-wave .	With the coupling of the $ \Lambda ( 1520 ) $ to the $ \pi \Sgs $ channel predicted by the theory we find a cross section in good agreement with the data and there is as well agreement for the invariant mass distributions which show a neat peak for the $ \Sgs ( 1385 ) $ in the $ ( \pi^0 \Lambda ) $ spectrum .	Predictions are made of a strong $ \Lambda ( 1520 ) $ resonant peak of the cross section , as a function of the $ K^- $ momentum , in the region below the measured data which , if confirmed experimentally , would give a stronger support to the idea of the $ \Lambda ( 1520 ) $ as a dynamically generated resonance .
+2	But these techniques either fail to address the full scope of the problem or have limitations .	SQL injection attacks , a class of injection flaw in which specially crafted input strings leads to illegal queries to databases , are one of the topmost threats to web applications .	A Number of research prototypes and commercial products that maintain the queries structure in web applications have been developed .	Based on our observation that the injected string in a SQL injection attack is interpreted differently on different databases.Injection attack is a method that can inject any kind of malicious string or anomaly string on the original string .	Pattern matching is a technique that can be used to identify or detect any anomaly packet from a sequential action .
+4	We demonstrate that the category of Berkovich analytic spaces embeds fully faithfully into the category of varieties in our version of relative algebraic geometry .	We show that Berkovich analytic geometry can be viewed as relative algebraic geometry in the sense of To\ '' { e } n -- Vaqui\ ' { e } -- Vezzosi over the category of non-Archimedean Banach spaces .	For any closed symmetric monoidal quasi-abelian category we can define a topology on certain subcategories of the of the category of affine schemes with respect to this category .	By examining this topology for the category of Banach spaces we recover the G-topology or the topology of admissible subsets on affinoids which is used in analytic geometry .	This gives a functor of points approach to non-Archimedean analytic geometry and in this way we also get definitions of ( higher ) non-Archimedean analytic stacks .
+2	Here we show that by going beyond the standard game-theoretical conventions , apparently altruistic behavior can be understood as self-interested .	Human behavior is one of the main problems for evolution , as it is often the case that human actions are disadvantageous for the self and advantageous for other people .	Behind this puzzle are our beliefs about rational behavior , based on game theory .	We discuss in detail an example related to the so called Ultimatum game and illustrate the appearance of altruistic behavior induced by fluctuations .	In addition , we claim that in general settings , fluctuations play a very relevant role , and we support this claim by considering a completely different example , namely the Stag-Hunt game .
+2	The interaction of the PEM pulse with the baryonic matter is described using a simplified model of a slab of constant thickness in the laboratory frame ( constant-thickness approximation ) as well as performing the integration of the general relativistic hydrodynamical equations .	The interaction of an expanding Pair-Electromagnetic pulse ( PEM pulse ) with a shell of baryonic matter surrounding a Black Hole with electromagnetic structure ( EMBH ) is analyzed for selected values of the baryonic mass at selected distances well outside the dyadosphere of an EMBH .	The dyadosphere , the region in which a super critical field exists for the creation of electron-positron pairs , is here considered in the special case of a Reissner-Nordstrom geometry .	The validation of the constant-thickness approximation , already presented in a previous paper Ruffini , et al .	( 1999 ) for a PEM pulse in vacuum , is here generalized to the presence of baryonic matter .
+4	We observe a complete PBG in the microwave region , in good agreement with theoretical simulations , and show that the intrinsic isotropy of this novel class of PBG materials enables remarkable design freedom , including the realization of waveguides with arbitrary bending angles impossible in photonic crystals .	Recently , disordered photonic media and random textured surfaces have attracted increasing attention as strong light diffusers with broadband and wide-angle properties .	We report the first experimental realization of an isotropic complete photonic band gap ( PBG ) in a two-dimensional ( 2D ) disordered dielectric structure .	This structure is designed by a constrained-optimization method , which combines advantages of both isotropy due to disorder and controlled scattering properties due to low density fluctuations ( hyperuniformity ) and uniform local topology .	Our experiments use a modular design composed of Al2O3 walls and cylinders arranged in a hyperuniform disordered network .
+2	( 2009 ) to identify the three types of solar wind .	To explore the difference between the most two recent solar minima , we analyze the in-situ ACE and ULYSSES observations and examine the distributions of the three types of solar wind ( streamer-stalk-associated wind , wind from outside the streamer stalk that can be associated , in part , with coronal holes , and interplanetary coronal mass ejections ) .	We use the taxonomy provided by Zhao et al .	We then map the in-situ observations to the 2.5 solar radii surface .	With the aid of the potential-field-source surface model ( PFSS ) , we calculate the normal distance from the solar wind `` foot point '' to the local helisopheric current sheet on that surface .
+1	We find that even if the mini-halos were chemically enriched by an earlier generation of stars , to have [ C/H ] $ \simeq $ -2.5 , the number of C IV lines with column density $ & gt ; 10^ { 12 } cm^ { -2 } $ , contributed by the mini-halos , at the redshift of 3 , would be only about 10 % of the total number of lines , for a chemical enrichment rate of $ ( 1+z ) ^ { -3 } $ in the galaxies .	We have tried to understand the recent observations related to metallicity in Ly $ \alpha $ forest clouds in the framework of the two component model suggested by Chiba & amp ; Nath ( 1997 ) .	Recently reported absence of heavy element lines associated with most of the Ly $ \alpha $ lines with H I column density between $ 10^ { 13.5 } cm^ { -2 } $ and $ 10^ { 14 } cm^ { -2 } $ by Lu et al ( 1998 ) , if correct , gives an upper limit on [ C/H ] =-3.7 , not only in the mini-halos , but also in the outer parts of galactic halos .	This is consistent with the results of numerical simulations , according to which , the chemical elements associated with the Ly $ \alpha $ clouds are formed in situ in clouds , rather than in an earlier generation of stars .	However , the mean value of $ 7 \times 10^ { -3 } $ for the column density ratio of C IV and H I , determined by Cowie and Songaila ( 1998 ) for low Lyman alpha optical depths , implies an abundance of [ C/H ] =-2.5 in mini-halos as well as in most of the region in galactic halos , presumably enriched by an earlier generation of stars .
+0	We consider simple random walk on Z^d , d bigger or equal to 3 .	Motivated by the work of A.-S. Sznitman and the author in arXiv:1304.7477 and arXiv:1310.2177 , we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the probability that a large body gets disconnected from infinity by the set of points visited by a simple random walk .	We derive asymptotic lower bounds that bring into play random interlacements .	Although open at the moment , some of the lower bounds that we obtain possibly match the asymptotic upper bounds obtained in a recent article of A.-S. Sznitman .	This potentially yields special significance to the tilted walks that we use in this work , and to the strategy that we employ to implement disconnection .
+1	We propose a new wavelet-based estimator of quadratic covariation that is able to disentangle the continuous part of quadratic covariation from co-jumps .	We study how co-jumps influence covariance and correlation in currency markets .	The proposed estimator is able to identify the statistically significant co-jumps that impact covariance structures by using bootstrapped test statistics .	Empirical findings reveal the behavior of co-jumps during Asian , European and U.S. trading sessions .	Our results show that the impact of co-jumps on correlations increased during the years 2012 - 2015 .
+3	We stack using various parameters : the galacto-centric distance , star formation rate surface density , HI surface density , H2 surface density , and total gas surface density .	We present a comprehensive study of the velocity dispersion of the atomic ( HI ) and molecular ( H2 ) gas components in the disks ( R & lt ; R25 ) of a sample of 12 nearby spiral galaxies with moderate inclinations .	Our analysis is based on sensitive high resolution data from the THINGS ( atomic gas ) and HERACLES ( molecular gas ) surveys .	To obtain reliable measurements of the velocity dispersion , we stack regions several kilo-parsecs in size , after accounting for intrinsic velocity shifts due to galactic rotation and large-scale motions .	We fit single Gaussian components to the stacked spectra and measure median velocity dispersions for HI of 11.9 +/- 3.1 km/s and for H2 of 12.0 +/- 3.9 km/s .
+1	Significant changes occur in the optical conductivity of both VO2 and V2O3 across the metal-insulator transitions at least up to ( and possibly beyond ) 6 eV .	The optical/infrared properties of films of vanadium dioxide ( VO2 ) and vanadium sesquioxide ( V2O3 ) have been investigated via ellipsometry and near-normal incidence reflectance measurements from far infrared to ultraviolet frequencies .	We argue that such changes in optical conductivity and electronic spectral weight over a broad frequency range is evidence of the important role of electronic correlations to the metal-insulator transitions in both of these vanadium oxides .	We observe a sharp optical transition with possible final state ( exciton ) effects in the insulating phase of VO2 .	This sharp optical transition occurs between narrow a1g bands that arise from the quasi-one-dimensional chains of vanadium dimers .
+1	This is done by calculating the mean number of distinct sites visited S ( n ) and the return probability $ P_ { 00 } ( t ) $ as a function of the time $ t $ .	We study the simple random walk dynamics on an annealed version of a Small-World Network ( SWN ) consisting of $ N $ nodes .	$ S ( t ) $ is a key quantity both from the statistical physics point of view and especially for characterizing the efficiency of the network connectedness .	Our results for this quantity shows features similar to the SWN with quenched disorder , but with a crossover time that goes inversely proportianal to the probability $ p $ of making a long range jump instead of being proportional to $ p^ { -2 } $ as in quenched case .	We have also carried out simulations on a modified annealed model where the crossover time goes as $ p^ { -2 } $ due to specific time dependent transition probabilities and we present an approximate self-consistent solution to it .
+1	The particular case of multiple fingers penetrating into the channel and moving jointly with an assembly of bubbles is also analysed .	Analytical solutions for both a finite assembly and a periodic array of bubbles steadily moving in a Hele-Shaw channel are presented .	The solutions are given by a conformal mapping from a multiply connected circular domain in an auxiliary complex plane to the fluid region exterior to the bubbles .	In all cases the desired mapping is written explicitly in terms of certain special transcendental functions , known as the secondary Schottky-Klein prime functions .	Taken together , the solutions reported here represent the complete set of solutions for steady bubbles ( and fingers ) in a horizontal Hele-Shaw channel when surface tension is neglected .
+0	As the matter produced in a relativistic heavy ion collision cools through the QCD phase transition , the dynamical evolution of the chiral condensate will be driven out of thermal equilibrium .	As a prelude to analyzing this evolution , and in particular as a prelude to learning how rapid the cooling must be in order for significant deviations from equilibrium to develop , we present a detailed analysis of the time-evolution of an idealized region of disoriented chiral condensate .	We set up a Langevin field equation which can describe the evolution of these ( or more realistic ) linear sigma model configurations in contact with a heat bath representing the presence of other shorter wavelength degrees of freedom .	We first analyze the model in equilibrium , paying particular attention to subtracting ultraviolet divergent classical terms and replacing them by their finite quantum counterparts .	We use known results from lattice gauge theory and chiral perturbation theory to fix nonuniversal constants .
+1	First we give an analytical expression for the finite part of the spectral density \rho_ { fin } .	In this work we derive two important tools for working in the \kappa basis of string field theory .	This expression is relevant when both matter and ghost sectors are considered .	Then we calculate the form of the matter part of the Virasoro generators L_n in the \kappa basis , which construct string field theory 's derivation Q_ { BRST } .	We find that the Virasoro generators are given by one dimensional delta functions with complex arguments .
+3	By comparison between the prediction and the measured values , effective electron densities in the electron beam ion trap ( EBIT ) plasmas performed by Lepson and collaborators at Lawrence Livermore EBIT , are estimated to be $ n_ { \rm e } =3.4^ { +0.8 } _ { -0.6 } \times10^ { 10 } $ cm $ ^ { -3 } $ and $ 5.6^ { +1.0 } _ { -1.1 } \times10^ { 10 } $ cm $ ^ { -3 } $ for sulphur and argon plasmas .	Line ratio of $ 3d-2p $ transition lines in boron-like spectra of Si X , S XII , Ar XIV and Fe XXII has been investigated .	Collisional-radiative model calculations reveal that the line ratio is sensitive to the electron density in ranges of $ n_ { \rm e } =4.0\times10^7-3.0\times10^ { 10 } $ cm $ ^ { -3 } $ , $ 4.0\times10^8-3.0\times10^ { 11 } $ cm $ ^ { -3 } $ , $ 3.0\times10^9-4.0\times10^ { 12 } $ cm $ ^ { -3 } $ and $ 2.0\times10^ { 12 } -3.0\times10^ { 15 } $ cm $ ^ { -3 } $ , respectively .	This complements the K-shell diagnostics of helium-like ions .	In case of argon , a good agreement is shown with the actual electron density derived from N VI K-shell spectrum .
+2	Hence significant fraction of the phase space becomes accessible .	Geometrically decorated two-dimensional ( 2D ) discrete surfaces can be more effective than conventional smooth reflectors in managing wave radiation .	Constructive non-specular wave scattering permits the scattering angle to be other than twice that of incidence and can result in gross violations of the law of reflection .	A wide range of novel reflective behaviors ensues ; including the phenomenon of negative reflection were energy transport remains on the same side of the normal .	Also , at a critical incidence coherent superposition can force both the transmitted and reflected waves to graze the scattering surface thus synergistically reinforcing the diffractive process in a behavior reminiscent of critical internal reflection of ray optics .
+4	Using theoretical considerations we explain the observed statistics of the various contributions to the considered plastic events .	Plastic events in amorphous solids can be much more than just `` shear transformation zones '' when the positional degrees of freedom are coupled non-trivially to other degrees of freedom .	Here we consider magnetic amorphous solids where mechanical and magnetic degrees of freedom interact , leading to rather complex plastic events whose nature must be disentangled .	In this paper we uncover the anatomy of the various contributions to some typical plastic events .	These plastic events are seen as Barkhausen Noise or other `` serrated noises '' .
+2	In spite of the complexity of the optics , the particles ' positions and momenta at the target have been precisely reconstructed from the coordinates measured in the detectors by means of a single back-tracing matrix .	The techniques for optical calibration of Jefferson Lab 's large-acceptance magnetic hadron spectrometer , BigBite , have been examined .	The most consistent and stable results were obtained by using a method based on singular value decomposition .	The technique is applicable to any similar magnetic spectrometer and any particle type .	For 0.55 GeV/c protons , we have established the vertex resolution of 1.2 cm , angular resolutions of 7 mrad and 16 mrad ( in-plane and out-of-plane , respectively ) , and a relative momentum resolution of 1.6 % .
+3	We also present an analytical solution , useful for benchmarking , which per se generalizes notable previous results .	We propose a unified methodology to input non-linear views from any number of users in fully general non-normal markets , and perform , among others , stress-testing , scenario analysis , and ranking allocation .	We walk the reader through the theory and we detail an extremely efficient algorithm to easily implement this methodology under fully general assumptions .	As it turns out , no repricing is ever necessary , hence the methodology can be readily applied to books with complex derivatives .	Code illustrating this methodology in practice is available at http : //www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/21307
+0	According to the studies of genuine tripartite nonlocality in discrete variable quantum systems conducted so far , Svetlichny inequality is considered as the best Bell-type inequality to detect genuine ( three way ) nonlocality of pure tripartite genuine entangled states .	In the present work , we have considered another Bell-type inequality ( which has been reported as the $ 99 $ -th facet of $ NS_2 $ local polytope in ( J.-D. Bancal , et.al. , Phys .	Rev.A \textbf { 88 } , 014102 ( 2013 ) ) , to reveal genuine tripartite nonlocality of generalized GHZ ( Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger ) class and a subclass of extended GHZ class states ( \cite { ACN } ) thereby proving the conjecture given by Bancal , et.al.\cite { BAL } for the GGHZ class and the subclass of extended GHZ states .	We compare the violation of this inequality with Svetlichny inequality which reveals the efficiency of the former inequality over the latter to demonstrate genuine nonlocality using the above classes of quantum states .	Even in some cases discord monogamy score can be used as a better measure of quantum correlation over Svetlichny inequality for those classes of pure states .
+2	A class of tasks with this property can be singled out using graph theory .	Quantum resources outperform classical ones for certain communication and computational tasks .	Remarkably , in some cases , the quantum advantage can not be improved using hypothetical postquantum resources .	Here we report the experimental observation of an impossible-to-beat quantum advantage on a four-dimensional quantum system defined by the polarization and orbital angular momentum of a single photon .	The results show pristine evidence of the quantum advantage and are compatible with the maximum advantage allowed using postquantum resources .
+2	However , if various tube voltages were applied to take the patient CT image without applying the specific CT number to electron density conversion curve , the accuracy of dose calculation would be unassured .	Computed Tomography ( CT ) measures the attenuation coefficient of an object and converts the value assigned to each voxel into a CT number .	In radiation therapy , CT number , which is directly proportional to the linear attenuation coefficient , is required to be converted to electron density for radiation dose calculation for cancer treatment .	In this study , changes in CT numbers for different materials due to change in tube voltage were demonstrated and the dose calculation errors in percentage depth dose ( PDD ) and a clinical case were analyzed .	The maximum dose difference in PDD from TPS dose calculation and Monte Carlo simulation were 1.3 % and 1.1 % respectively when applying the same CT number to electron density conversion curve to the 80 kVp and 140 kVp images .
+1	In order to understand the mechanism driving the complexity and stability of such food webs , we developed an eco-evolutionary model in which new species emerge as modifications of existing ones and dynamic ecological interactions determine which species are viable .	The networks of predator-prey interactions in ecological systems are remarkably complex , but nevertheless surprisingly stable in terms of long term persistence of the system as a whole .	The food-web structure thereby emerges from the dynamical interplay between speciation and trophic interactions .	The proposed model is less abstract than earlier evolutionary food web models in the sense that all three evolving traits have a clear biological meaning , namely the average body mass of the individuals , the preferred prey body mass , and the width of their potential prey body mass spectrum .	We observed networks with a wide range of sizes and structures and high similarity to natural food webs .
+0	We analyze the form of the fermionic propagator for 2D fermions interacting with massless overdamped bosons .	Examples include a nematic and Ising ferromagnetic quantum-critical points , and fermions at a half-filled Landau level .	Fermi liquid behavior in these systems is broken at criticality by a singular self-energy , but the Fermi surface remains well defined .	These are strong-coupling problems with no expansion parameter other than the number of fermionic species , N. The two known limits , N & gt ; & gt ; 1 and N=0 show qualitatively different behavior of the fermionic propagator G ( \epsilon_k , \omega ) .	In the first limit , G ( \epsilon_k , \omega ) has a pole at some \epsilon_k , in the other it is analytic .
+2	Two distinct sets of transit events were detected : 1 ) a 152 +/- 4 ppm dimming lasting 1.811 +/- 0.024 hours with ephemeris T [ BJD ] =2454964.57375+N*0.837495 days and 2 ) a 376 +/- 9 ppm dimming lasting 6.86 +/- 0.07 hours with ephemeris T [ BJD ] =2454971.6761+N*45.29485 days .	NASA 's Kepler Mission uses transit photometry to determine the frequency of earth-size planets in or near the habitable zone of Sun-like stars .	The mission reached a milestone toward meeting that goal : the discovery of its first rocky planet , Kepler-10b .	Statistical tests on the photometric and pixel flux time series established the viability of the planet candidates triggering ground-based follow-up observations .	Forty precision Doppler measurements were used to confirm that the short-period transit event is due to a planetary companion .
+2	Current NoC architectures are either highly regular or fully customized , both of which represent implausible assumptions for emerging bottom-up self-assembled molecular electronics that are generally assumed to have a high degree of irregularity and imperfection .	Future nano-scale electronics built up from an Avogadro number of components needs efficient , highly scalable , and robust means of communication in order to be competitive with traditional silicon approaches .	In recent years , the Networks-on-Chip ( NoC ) paradigm emerged as a promising solution to interconnect challenges in silicon-based electronics .	Here , we pragmatically and experimentally investigate important design trade-offs and properties of an irregular , abstract , yet physically plausible 3D small-world interconnect fabric that is inspired by modern network-on-chip paradigms .	We vary the framework 's key parameters , such as the connectivity , the number of switch nodes , the distribution of long- versus short-range connections , and measure the network 's relevant communication characteristics .
+2	To this end , we have used planetary nebulae ( PNe ) as test particles and have measured the vertical velocity dispersion ( sigma_z ) throughout the disks of five nearby , low-inclination spiral galaxies : IC 342 , M74 ( NGC 628 ) , M83 ( NGC 5236 ) , M94 ( NGC 4736 ) , and M101 ( NGC 5457 ) .	Much of our understanding of dark matter halos comes from the assumption that the mass-to-light ratio ( M/L ) of spiral disks is constant .	The best way to test this hypothesis is to measure the disk surface mass density directly via the kinematics of old disk stars .	By using HI to map galactic rotation and the epicyclic approximation to extract sigma_z from the line-of-sight dispersion , we find that , with the lone exception of M101 , our disks do have a constant M/L out to ~3 optical scale lengths .	However , once outside this radius , sigma_z stops declining and becomes flat with radius .
+2	We assume , that the quantum field interacts with the atom via the standard , minimal-coupling Hamiltonian , with the $ A^2 $ term neglected .	We investigate ( non-relativistic ) atomic systems interacting with quantum electromagnetic field ( QEF ) .	The resulting model describes spontaneous emission of light from a two-level atom surrounded by various initial states of the QEF .	We also assume , that there will appear at most single excitations ( photons ) .	By conducting the analysis on a general level we allow for an arbitrary initial state of the QEF ( which can be for instance : the vacuum , the ground state in a cavity , or the squeezed state ) .
+2	This suggests the question of finding a genus-independent formulation of these bundles and their isomorphisms .	There exists on each Teichm\ '' uller space $ T_g $ ( comprising compact Riemann surfaces of genus $ g $ ) , a natural sequence of determinant ( of cohomology ) line bundles , $ DET_n $ , related to each other via certain `` Mumford isomorphisms '' .	There is a remarkable connection , ( Belavin-Knizhnik ) , between the Mumford isomorphisms and the existence of the Polyakov string measure on the Teichm\ '' uller space .	In this paper we combine a Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch lemma with a new concept of $ C^ { * } \otimes Q $ bundles to construct such an universal version .	Our universal objects exist over the universal space , $ T_\infty $ , which is the direct limit of the $ T_g $ as the genus varies over the tower of all unbranched coverings of any base surface .
+1	Since by deciding the best supplier , companies can save material costs and increase competitive advantage.However this decision becomes compilcated in case of multiple suppliers , multiple conflicting criteria , and imprecise parameters .	Suuplier selection is one of the most important functions of a purchasing department .	In addition the uncertainty and vagueness of the experts ' opinion is the prominent characteristic of the problem .	therefore an extensively used multi criteria decision making tool Fuzzy AHP can be utilized as an approach for supplier selection problem .	This paper reveals the application of Fuzzy AHP in a gear motor company determining the best supplier with respect to selected criteria .
+3	This tube is described using the nonlinear Schr\ '' odinger equation .	The analogy between the Cooper pair in high temperature superconductor and the quark-antiquark pair in quantum chromodynamics ( QCD ) is proposed .	In QCD the nonlinear chromodynamical field between a quark and an antiquark is confined to a tube .	So we assume that there is the strong interaction between phonons which can confine them to some tube too .	We show that it has an infinite spectrum of axially symmetric ( string ) solutions with negative finite linear energy density .
+0	We analyze a possibility to trap , control and load a single atom inside a nanosize cavity formed in a photonic crystal .	We consider a 1D nanobeam crystal having two nearly degenerate localized modes with mode maxima at the central air gap , forming a cavity with a mode volume & lt ; \lambda^ { 3 } .	For this system we found that an atom can be trapped by a mode detuned from an atomic transition and controled by the second resonant mode .	We show that atomic motion can be cooled using cavity-enhanced rf Sisyphus cooling .	We also discuss how an atom can be loaded inside the nanosize crystal air gap from short-wavelength optical tweezers .
+2	The derivation uses the notion of finite deformation to define the transformation of one region to another .	Acoustic metafluids are defined as the class of fluids that allow one domain of fluid to acoustically mimic another , as exemplified by acoustic cloaks .	It is shown that the most general class of acoustic metafluids are materials with anisotropic inertia and the elastic properties of what are known as pentamode materials .	The main result is found by considering energy density in the original and transformed regions .	Properties of acoustic metafluids are discussed , and general conditions are found which ensure that the mapped fluid has isotropic inertia , which potentially opens up the possibility of achieving broadband cloaking .
+4	They resemble more to the SEDs of the flat spectrum radio quasar ( FSRQ ) class of AGN .	Variable gamma-ray emission has been discovered in five Radio-loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 ( NLSy1 ) galaxies by the Large Area Telescope ( LAT ) onboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope .	This has clearly demonstrated that these NLSy1 galaxies do have relativistic jets similar to two other cases of gamma-ray emitting Active Galactic Nuclei ( AGN ) , namely blazars and radio galaxies .	We present here our results on the multi-band analysis of two gamma-ray emitting NLSy1 galaxies namely PKS 1502+036 ( z = 0.409 ) and PKS 2004-447 ( z = 0.240 ) using archival data .	We generate multi-band long term light curves of these sources , build their spectral energy distribution ( SED ) and model them using an one zone leptonic model .
+2	We study NC effects on the relations connecting the charge density and the critical temperature of the Holographic Superconductors .	In this Letter , we consider a Non-Commutative ( NC ) extension of AdS-CFT correspondence and its effects on holographic superconductors .	NC corrections are incorporated via the NC generalization of Schwarzschild black hole metric in AdS with the probe limit .	Furthermore , condensation operator of the superconductor has been analyzed .	Our results suggest that generically , NC effects increase the critical temperature of the holographic superconductor .
+2	The reduced phase space thereby obtained can be quantized in the same manner as an ordinary mechanical system .	We present and analyze a gauge-invariant quantum theory of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with dust .	We construct the reduced phase space spanned by gauge-invariant quantities by using the so-called relational formalism at the classical level .	We carry out the quantization and obtain the Schr\ '' { o } dinger equation .	This quantization procedure realizes a possible resolution to the problem of time and observables in canonical quantum gravity .
+4	The equilibrium inhomogeneous polarization temperature and its thickness dependence were determined from the solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations resulting from the minimization of the free energy functional .	A thermodynamic theory of ferroelectric thin film multilayers is developed .	The free energy function is written down using a multilayer model in which c-domain layers of one ferroelectric material alternate with a-domain layers of a second ferroelectric material .	We assume that the interfaces are perfectly sharp and that the polarization at these boundaries is zero .	The renormalization of the free energy coefficients due to the stresses in the films and to the depolarizing field was taken into account , as well as the renormalization of the coefficients of the polarization gradients .
+1	The rows and columns of the random square matrix are divided into $ D $ partitions with arbitrary size ( linear in $ N $ ) .	We study the spectrum of an asymmetric random matrix with block structured variances .	The parameters of the model are the variances of elements in each block , summarized in $ g\in\mathbb { R } ^ { D\times D } _+ $ .	Using the Hermitization approach and by studying the matrix-valued Stieltjes transform we show that these matrices have a circularly symmetric spectrum , we give an explicit formula for their spectral radius and a set of implicit equations for the full density function .	We discuss applications of this model to neural networks .
+1	Our strong lensing analysis reveals 6 additional multiply imaged galaxies .	We present Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) ACS and WFC3 observations of SDSS J1029+2623 , a three-image quasar lens system produced by a foreground cluster at z=0.584 .	We confirm the complex nature of the mass distribution of the lensing cluster , with a bimodal distribution which deviates from the Chandra X-ray SB distribution .	The Einstein radius is estimated to be \theta_E=15.2 '' \pm 0.5 '' for the quasar redshift of z=2.197 .	We derive a radial mass distribution from the combination of strong lensing , HST/ACS weak lensing , and Subaru/Suprime-cam weak lensing analysis results , finding a best-fit virial mass of M_vir= ( 1.5+0.40-0.35 ) \times 10^14 h^-1 M_sun and a concentration parameter of c_vir=25.7+14.1-7.5 .
+0	We present a Python extension to the massively parallel HPC simulation toolkit waLBerla .	waLBerla is a framework for stencil based algorithms operating on block-structured grids , with the main application field being fluid simulations in complex geometries using the lattice Boltzmann method .	Careful performance engineering results in excellent node performance and good scalability to over 400,000 cores .	To increase the usability and flexibility of the framework , a Python interface was developed .	Python extensions are used at all stages of the simulation pipeline : They simplify and automate scenario setup , evaluation , and plotting .
+1	These data give information on the spin structure of the nucleon .	The HERMES experiment is collecting data on inclusive and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of polarised positrons from polarised targets of H , D , and He .	This paper describes the forward angle spectrometer built for this purpose .	The spectrometer includes numerous tracking chambers ( micro-strip gas chambers , drift and proportional chambers ) in front of and behind a 1.3 T.m magnetic field , as well as an extensive set of detectors for particle identification ( a lead-glass calorimeter , a pre-shower detector , a transition radiation detector , and a threshold Cherenkov detector ) .	Two of the main features of the spectrometer are its good acceptance and identification of both positrons and hadrons , in particular pions .
+4	We present Ryser-like formulas for computations of matchings in bipartite and general graphs .	We derive here the Friedland-Tverberg inequality for positive hyperbolic polynomials .	This inequality is applied to give lower bounds for the number of matchings in $ r $ -regular bipartite graphs .	It is shown that some of these bounds are asymptotically sharp .	We improve the known lower bound for the three dimensional monomer-dimer entropy .
+3	Currently , the most popular approach to solve NMF is the multiplicative update algorithm proposed by D.D.Lee and H.S.Seung .	Nonnegative matrix factorization ( NMF ) is an emerging technique with a wide spectrum of potential applications in data analysis .	Mathematically , NMF can be formulated as a minimization problem with nonnegative constraints .	This problem is currently attracting much attention from researchers for theoretical reasons and for potential applications .	In this paper , we propose an additive update algorithm , that has faster computational speed than the algorithm of D.D.Lee and H.S.Seung .
+3	We define three natural three-dimensional partitions of the number $ ( n+1 ) ^ { n-1 } $ .	We give an interpretation of the coefficients of the two variable refinement $ D_ { \Sh_n } ( q , t ) $ of the distance enumerator of the Shi hyperplane arrangement $ \Sh_n $ in $ n $ dimensions .	This two variable refinement was defined by Stanley \cite { stan-rota } for the general $ r $ -extended Shi hyperplane arrangements .	We give an interpretation when $ r=1 $ .	The first arises from parking functions of length $ n $ , the second from special posets on $ n $ vertices defined by Athanasiadis and the third from spanning trees on $ n+1 $ vertices .
+3	2012 ) based on transit times measured during the first sixteen months of Kepler observations .	Transit timing variations provide a powerful tool for confirming and characterizing transiting planets , as well as detecting non-transiting planets .	We report the results an updated TTV analysis for 1481 planet candidates ( Borucki et al .	2011 ; Batalha et al .	We present 39 strong TTV candidates based on long-term trends ( 2.8 % of suitable data sets ) .
+0	By following the spirit of arXiv:1003.5665 , we define a new Tolman temperature of Kodama observer directly related to its acceleration .	We give a generalized integral form of thermodynamics relation on virtual sphere of constant $ r $ in non-static spherical symmetric spacetimes .	This relation contains work term contributed by `redshift work density ' , `pressure density ' and `gravitational work density ' .	We illustrate it in RN black hole , Dilaton-Maxwell-Einstein black hole and Vaidya black hole .	We argue that the co-moving observers are not physically related to Kodama observers in FRW universe unless in the vacuum case .
+3	This effect is similar to the well-known `` square to slim transition '' of the ferroelectric hysteresis loops in relaxor ferroelectrics .	We have modified Landau-Khalatnikov approach and shown that the pyroelectric response of inhomogeneous ferroelectric-semiconductor films can be described by using six coupled equations for six order parameters : average displacement , its mean-square fluctuation and correlation with charge defects density fluctuations , average pyroelectric coefficient , its fluctuation and correlation with charge defects density fluctuations .	Coupled equations demonstrate the inhomogeneous reversal of pyroelectric response in contrast to the equations of Landau-Khalatnikov type , which describe the homogeneous reversal with the sharp pyroelectric coefficient peak near the thermodynamic coercive field value .	Within the framework of our model pyroelectric hysteresis loop becomes much smoother , thinner and lower as well as pyroelectric coefficient peaks near the coercive field completely disappear under the increase of disordering caused by defects .	Also the increase of defect concentration leads to the drastic decrease of the coercive field typical for disordered ferroelectrics .
+0	In the past year , polarized deep inelastic scattering experiments at CERN and SLAC have obtained structure function measurements off proton , neutron and deuteron targets at a level of precision never before achieved .	The measurements can be used to test the Bjorken and Ellis-Jaffe sum rules , and also to obtain information on the parton distributions in polarized nucleons .	We perform a global leading-order QCD fit to the proton deep inelastic data in order to extract the spin-dependent parton distributions .	By using parametric forms which are consistent with theoretical expectations at large and small $ x $ , we find that the quark distributions are now rather well constrained .	We assume that there is no significant intrinsic polarization of the strange quark sea .
+3	It is shown to stem from the ability of stable frictionless contact networks to form stress-induced anisotropic fabrics .	The statement of the title is shown by numerical simulation of homogeneously sheared packings of frictionless , nearly rigid beads in the quasistatic limit .	Results coincide for steady & amp ; # 64258 ; ows at constant shear rate & amp ; # 947 ; in the limit of small & amp ; # 947 ; and static approaches , in which packings are equilibrated under growing deviator stresses .	The internal friction angle & amp ; # 981 ; , equal to 5.76 $ \pm $ 0.22 degrees in simple shear , is independent on the average pressure P in the rigid limit .	No enduring strain localization is observed .
+0	We present a concrete and explicit construction of a new scalar constraint operator for loop quantum gravity .	The operator is defined on the recently introduced space of partially diffeomorphism invariant states , and this space is preserved by the action of the operator .	To define the Euclidean part of the scalar constraint operator , we propose a specific regularization based on the idea of so-called `` special '' loops .	The Lorentzian part of the quantum scalar constraint is merely the curvature operator that has been introduced in an earlier work .	Due to the properties of the special loops assignment , the adjoint operator of the non-symmetric constraint operator is densely defined on the partially diffeomorphism invariant Hilbert space .
+4	If unification is sacrificed , and only the new U ( 1 ) and its associated Higgs fields live in the bulk , it is possible that the gauge field zero mode and first few Kaluza-Klein excitations lie within the kinematic reach of the Tevatron .	In models with a low quantum gravity scale , one might expect that all operators consistent with gauge symmetries are present in the low-energy effective theory .	If this is the case , some mechanism must be present to adequately suppress operators that violate baryon number .	Here we explore the possibility that the desired suppression is a consequence of an additional , spontaneously-broken , non-anomalous U ( 1 ) symmetry that is orthogonal to hypercharge .	We show that successful models can be constructed in which the additional particle content necessary to cancel anomalies is minimal , and compatible with the constraints from precision electroweak measurements and gauge unification .
+1	This scheme of `` pair excitations '' works for the magneto-roton modes of single-component Abelian and non-Abeliean FQH states , as well as the neutral fermion mode for the Moore-Read ( MR ) state .	We show the model wavefunctions for the neutral collective modes in fractional quantum Hall ( FQH ) states have simple analytic forms obtained from judicially reducing the powers of selected pairs in the ground state Jastrow factor .	The analytic wavefunctions allow us to compute the `` quadrupole gap '' of the magneto-roton mode in the thermodynamic limit , which was previously inaccessible to the numerics .	The quadrupole gap is related to the fusion of the charges in the two-dimensional plasma picture , extending the plasma analogy to neutral excitations .	A lattice diagrammatic method of representing these many-body wavefunctions and FQH elementary excitations is also presented .
+4	In this study , we describe prognosis using an accelerated failure time ( AFT ) model .	For many complex diseases , prognosis is of essential importance .	It has been shown that , beyond the main effects of genetic ( G ) and environmental ( E ) risk factors , the gene-environment ( G $ \times $ E ) interactions also play a critical role .	In practice , the prognosis outcome data can be contaminated , and most of the existing methods are not robust to data contamination .	In the literature , it has been shown that even a single contaminated observation can lead to severely biased model estimation .
+1	Indeed , the DPPs can express the repulsive nature of the macro base station ( BS ) configuration observed in a real cellular network and have many desirable mathematical properties to analyze the network performance .	Recently , spatial stochastic models based on determinantal point processes ( DPP ) are studied as promising models for analysis of cellular wireless networks .	However , almost all the prior works on the DPP based models assume the Rayleigh fading while the spatial models based on Poisson point processes have been developed to allow arbitrary distributions of fading/shadowing propagation effects .	In order for the DPP based model to be more promising , it is essential to extend it to allow non-Rayleigh propagation effects .	In the present paper , we propose the downlink cellular network model where the BSs are deployed according to the Ginibre point process , which is one of the main examples of the DPPs , over Nakagami-m fading .
+4	We first show in site-independent applications the effect of both types of nuclear properties on r-process abundances .	The focus of the present review is the production of the heaviest elements in nature via the r-process .	A correct understanding and modeling requires the knowledge of nuclear properties far from stability and a detailed prescription of the astrophysical environment .	Experiments at CERN/ISOLDE have played a pioneering role in exploring the characteristics of nuclear structure in terms of masses and beta-decay properties .	Initial examinations paid attention to far unstable nuclei with magic neutron numbers related to r-process peaks , while present activities are centered on the evolution of shell effects with the distance from the valley of stability .
+0	Inducing magnetism in graphene holds great promises , such as controlling the exchange interaction with a gate electrode and generating exotic magnetic phases .	Coating graphene with magnetic molecules or atoms has so far mostly lead to decreased graphene mobility .	In the present work , we show that Pt-porphyrins adsorbed on graphene lead to an enhanced mobility and to gate-dependent magnetism .	We report that porphyrins can be donor or acceptor , depending on graphene s initial doping .	The porphyrins transfer charge and ionize around the charged impurities on graphene , decreasing the graphene doping and increasing its mobility .
+4	Moreover , phonon linewidth narrowering and phonon modes shift with decreasing temperature are also observed , which may result from enhanced charge localization .	Near normal incident far-infrared reflectivity spectra of [ 111 ] dysprosium titanate ( Dy2Ti2O4 ) single crystal have been measured at different temperatures .	Seven phonon modes ( eight at low temperature ) are identified at frequency below 1000 cm-1 .	Optical conductivity spectra are obtained by fitting all the reflectivity spectra with the factorized form of the dielectric function .	Both the Born effective charges and the static optical primitivity are found to increase with decreasing temperature .
+3	The phenomena can be explained by means of a one-dimensional intermittent map .	We report the first experimental observation of noise-free stochastic resonance by utilizing the intrinsic chaotic dynamics of the system .	To this end we have investigated the effect of an external periodic modulation on intermittent signals observed by high power ferromagnetic resonance in yttrium iron garnet spheres .	Both the signal-to-noise ratio and the residence time distributions show the characteristic features of stochastic resonance .	We present analytical results as well as computer simulations .
+2	This corresponds to an absence of cosmic strings with $ G\mu \ga 1.07 \times 10^ { -5 } $ for strings moving with velocity $ v = c/\sqrt { 2 } $ .	We report a search for signatures of cosmic strings in the the Cosmic Microwave Background data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe .	We used a digital filter designed to search for individual cosmic strings and found no evidence for them in the WMAP CMB anisotropies to a level of $ \Delta T/T \sim 0.29 $ mK .	Unlike previous work , this limit does not depend on an assumed string abundance .	We have searched the WMAP data for evidence of a cosmic string recently reported as the CSL-1 object , and found an `` edge '' with 2 $ \sigma $ significance .
+0	We report a study on the optical dipole force in a ladder like three level atomic systems in the context of coherent population transfer with the chirped few-cycle-pulse laser fields .	The phenomenon of coherent population transfer is investigated by numerically solving the appropriate density matrix equations beyond the rotating wave approximation .	On the other hand , optical dipole force is calculated by numerically solving the force equation and density matrix equations self-consistently .	By analysing the centre-of-mass motion , it is shown that the optical dipole force with chirped pulses may be used for focusing and defocusing of atoms in an atomic beam similar to the near or non-resonant optical dipole force .	Moreover , the robustness of the population transfer against the variation of the pulse parameters and the effect of the variation of the Rabi frequencies and the chirp rates on the optical dipole force are also investigated .
+0	Models of universal quantum computation in which the required interactions between register ( computational ) qubits are mediated by some ancillary system are highly relevant to experimental realisations of a quantum computer .	We introduce such a universal model that employs a $ d $ -dimensional ancillary qudit .	The ancilla-register interactions take the form of controlled displacements operators , with a displacement operator defined on the periodic and discrete lattice phase space of a qudit .	We show that these interactions can implement controlled phase gates on the register by utilising geometric phases that are created when closed loops are traversed in this phase space .	The extra degrees of freedom of the ancilla can be harnessed to reduce the number of operations required for certain gate sequences .
+0	In this paper , an ultra-fast frequency shift-keying ( FSK ) modulation technique based on switched capacitor resonators is presented .	It is demonstrated that switching a reactive component such as a capacitor , in a high-Q resonator with proper switching signal can preserve the stored energy and shift it to a different frequency .	Switching boundaries are found by continuity of electric charge and magnetic flux .	It is shown that if switching time is synchronous with zero crossing of the voltage signal across the switched capacitor , impulsive components can be avoided and continuity of electric charge is satisfied without energy dissipation .	We use this property to realize a fast binary frequency-shift keying ( FSK ) modulator with only a single RF source .
+4	These observations will be complementary to those that LISA will make of subsequent mergers between more massive black holes .	Identifying the properties of the first generation of seeds of massive black holes is key to understanding the merger history and growth of galaxies .	Mergers between ~100 solar mass seed black holes generate gravitational waves in the 0.1-10Hz band that lies between the sensitivity bands of existing ground-based detectors and the planned space-based gravitational wave detector , the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ( LISA ) .	However , there are proposals for more advanced detectors that will bridge this gap , including the third generation ground-based Einstein Telescope and the space-based detector DECIGO .	In this paper we demonstrate that such future detectors should be able to detect gravitational waves produced by the coalescence of the first generation of light seed black-hole binaries and provide information on the evolution of structure in that era .
+0	We apply the statistical measure of complexity introduced by Lopez-Ruiz , Mancini and Calbet to neutron stars structure .	Neutron stars is a classical example where the gravitational field and quantum behavior are combined and produce a macroscopic dense object .	Actually , we continue the recent application of Sanudo and Pacheco to white dwarfs structure .	We concentrate our study on the connection between complexity and neutron star properties , like maximum mass and the corresponding radius , applying a specific set of realistic equation of states .	Moreover , the effect of the strength of the gravitational field on the neutron star structure and consequently on the complexity measure is also investigated .
+2	Here we demonstrate a cascaded optical transparency scheme by leveraging the parametric phonon-phonon coupling in a multimode optomechanical system , where a low damping mechanical mode in the unresolved-sideband regime is made to couple to an intermediate , high frequency mechanical mode in the resolved-sideband regime of an optical cavity .	Electromagnetically induced transparency has great theoretical and experimental importance in many physics subjects , such as atomic physics , quantum optics , and more recent cavity optomechanics .	Optical delay is the most prominent feature of electromagnetically induced transparency , and in cavity optomechanics optical delay is limited by mechanical dissipation rate of sideband-resolved mechanical modes .	Extended optical delay and higher transmission , as well as optical advancing are demonstrated .	These results provide a route to realize ultra-long optical delay , indicating a significant step toward integrated classical and quantum information storage devices .
+2	We present an extended version of a C-alpha based Go model where different residues interact with different energies .	Simplified Go models , where only native contacts interact favorably , have proven useful to characterize some aspects of the folding of small proteins .	The success of these models is limited by the fact that all residues interact in the same way , so that the folding features of a protein are determined only by the geometry of its native conformation .	The model is used to calculate the thermodynamics of three small proteins ( Protein G , SrcSH3 and CI2 ) and the effect of mutations on the wildtype sequence .	The model allows to investigate some of the most controversial areas in protein folding such as its earliest stages , a subject which has lately received particular attention .
+1	In Part II , we develop a practical secret key agreement protocol for Gaussian and quasi-static fading wiretap channels .	In Part I of this two-part paper on confidential communication over wireless channels , we studied the fundamental security limits of quasi-static fading channels from the point of view of outage secrecy capacity with perfect and imperfect channel state information .	The protocol uses a four-step procedure to secure communications : establish common randomness via an opportunistic transmission , perform message reconciliation , establish a common key via privacy amplification , and use of the key .	We introduce a new reconciliation procedure that uses multilevel coding and optimized low density parity check codes which in some cases comes close to achieving the secrecy capacity limits established in Part I .	Finally , we develop new metrics for assessing average secure key generation rates and show that our protocol is effective in secure key renewal .
+2	However , generically we expect the inflaton to couple to many other relativistic degrees of freedom present in the early universe .	Parametric resonances provide a mechanism by which particles can be created just after inflation .	Thus far , attention has focused on a single or many inflaton fields coupled to a single scalar field .	Using simulations in an expanding Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker spacetime , in this paper we show how preheating is affected by the addition of multiple fields coupled to the inflaton .	We focus our attention on gravitational wave production -- an important potential observational signature of the preheating stage .
+2	We analyze the estimator 's error convergence rate leveraging Tsybakov 's margin condition and show that rates as fast as 1/n are possible , where n equals the number of training samples .	Empirical divergence maximization ( EDM ) refers to a recently proposed strategy for estimating f-divergences and likelihood ratio functions .	This paper extends the idea to empirical vector quantization where one seeks to empirically derive quantization rules that maximize the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two statistical hypotheses .	We also show that the Flynn and Gray algorithm can be used to efficiently compute EDM estimates and show that they can be efficiently and accurately represented by recursive dyadic partitions .	The EDM formulation have several advantages .
+1	These configurations are \beta-deformed versions of the folded string solutions in AdS_ { 5 } \times S^ { 5 } background .	We obtain the solutions and explicitly calculate the energy for a class of two-spin semiclassical string states in the Lunin-Maldacena background .	They correspond to certain single trace operators in the \mathcal { N } =1 superconformal \beta deformation of \mathcal { N } =4 Yang-Mills .	We calculate the one loop anomalous dimension for the dual single trace operator from the associated twisted spin chain with a general two-cut distribution of Bethe roots .	Our results show a striking match between the two calculations .
+3	In this paper we therefore take a first step toward extending these cosmological considerations to $ D $ -dimensional toroidal orbifolds .	It has long been known that strings wound around incontractible cycles can play a vital role in cosmology .	In particular , in a spacetime with toroidal spatial hypersurfaces , the dynamics of the winding modes may help yield three large spatial dimensions .	However , toroidal compactifications are phenomenologically unrealistic .	We use numerical simulation to study the timescales over which `` pseudo-wound '' strings unwind on these orbifolds with trivial fundamental group .
+0	We derive a pair approximation ( PA ) for the NO+CO model with instantaneous reactions .	For both the triangular and square lattices , the PA , derived here using a simpler approach , yields a phase diagram with an active state for CO-fractions y in the interval y_1 & lt ; y & lt ; y_2 , with a continuous ( discontinuous ) phase transition to a poisoned state at y_1 ( y_2 ) .	This is in qualitative agreement with simulation for the triangular lattice , where our theory gives a rather accurate prediction for y_2 .	To obtain the correct phase diagram for the square lattice , i.e. , no active state , we reformulate the PA using sublattices .	The ( formerly ) active regime is then replaced by a poisoned state with broken symmetry ( unequal sub- lattice coverages ) , as observed recently by Kortluke et al . [ Chem.Phys.Lett .
+3	Our transport measurements show the periodic modulation of the critical voltage by the external magnetic field .	The Single Cooper Pair Josephson Transistor is a device that exhibits at the same time charge quantization and phase coherence .	Coherent quantum phase slip phenomenon is `` dual '' the Josephson phase coherence while the charge quantization is dual to the flux quantization .	We present the experimental demonstration and the theoretical description of a new superconducting device - Single Flux Transistor , which is dual to the Single Cooper Pair Transistor .	The obtained current-voltage characteristics show the hysteretic behavior , which we attribute to the intrinsic self-heating of charge carriers .
+2	Special attention is given to graph sequences of large essential girth , for which asymptotics of coloring numbers are explicitly calculated .	We propose a notion of graph convergence that interpolates between the Benjamini -- Schramm convergence of bounded degree graphs and the dense graph convergence developed by L\'aszl\'o Lov\'asz and his coauthors .	We prove that spectra of graphs , and also some important graph parameters such as numbers of colorings or matchings , behave well in convergent graph sequences .	We also treat numbers of matchings in approximately regular graphs .	We introduce tentative limit objects that we call graphonings because they are common generalizations of graphons and graphings .
+2	The most two dimensional character is exhibited in LaCoIn $ _ { 5 } $ , less two dimensional behavior is seen in LaIrIn $ _ { 5 } $ , no part of Fermi surface of LaRhIn $ _ { 5 } $ is found to have a two dimensional character .	We report measurements of the de Haas - van Alphen effect on a series of compounds , LaMIn $ _ { 5 } $ ( M = Co , Rh , Ir ) .	The results show that each of the Co and Ir Fermi surfaces ( FSs ) exhibit some portions that are two dimensional and some portions that are three dimensional .	Thus the two dimensionality of portions of the FSs is largely determined by the d character of the energy bands while all of the effective masses remain $ \leq $ 1.2 .	This fact has implications for the causes of the heavy fermion nature of superconductivity and magnetism in the Ce-based compounds having the similar composition and structure .
+4	We study the accuracy and consistency of our simulations and the resulting gravitational waveforms , which encompass ~14 cycles before merger , and highlight the importance of using frequency ( rather than time ) to set the physical reference when comparing models .	Coalescing binary black hole mergers are expected to be the strongest gravitational wave sources for ground-based interferometers , such as the LIGO , VIRGO , and GEO600 , as well as the space-based interferometer LISA .	Until recently it has been impossible to reliably derive the predictions of General Relativity for the final merger stage , which takes place in the strong-field regime .	Recent progress in numerical relativity simulations is , however , revolutionizing our understanding of these systems .	We examine here the specific case of merging equal-mass Schwarzschild black holes in detail , presenting new simulations in which the black holes start in the late inspiral stage on orbits with very low eccentricity and evolve for ~1200M through ~7 orbits before merging .
+4	We discuss two possible scenarios for the origin and nature of the EVN double source , showing that both interpretations are consistent with the presence of a SMBH binary system in the BCG of RBS 797 .	The radio-loud BCG at the center of the cool core cluster RBS 797 is known to exhibit a misalignment of its 5 GHz radio emission observed at different VLA resolutions , with the innermost kpc-scale jets being almost orthogonal to the radio lobes which extends for tens of kpc filling the X-ray cavities seen by Chandra .	The different radio directions may be caused by rapid jet reorientation due to interaction with a secondary supermassive black hole ( SMBH ) , or to the presence of two AGN , probably in a merging phase , which are emitting radio jets in different directions .	We present the results of new 5 GHz observations performed with the EVN in May 2013 .	In particular , we detected two compact radio components , with a projected separation of 77 pc .
+2	They have to manage a huge diversity of implementation technologies , design techniques and development processes : everything from scripting languages to web-services to the latest 'silver bullet ' design abstraction .	Modern day system developers have some serious problems to contend with .	The systems they develop are becoming increasingly complex as customers demand richer functionality delivered in ever shorter timescales .	To add to that , nothing stays still : today 's 'must have ' technology rapidly becomes tomorrow 's legacy problem that must be managed along with everything else .	How can these problems be dealt with ?
+1	Recent work on heuristics , and the satisfiability threshold has centered around the structure and connectivity of the solution space .	Boolean satisfiability problems are an important benchmark for questions about complexity , algorithms , heuristics and threshold phenomena .	Motivated by this work , we study structural and connectivity-related properties of the space of solutions of Boolean satisfiability problems and establish various dichotomies in Schaefer 's framework .	On the structural side , we obtain dichotomies for the kinds of subgraphs of the hypercube that can be induced by the solutions of Boolean formulas , as well as for the diameter of the connected components of the solution space .	On the computational side , we establish dichotomy theorems for the complexity of the connectivity and st-connectivity questions for the graph of solutions of Boolean formulas .
+0	We develop Bayesian nonparametric models for spatially indexed data of mixed type .	Our work is motivated by challenges that occur in environmental epidemiology , where the usual presence of several confounding variables that exhibit complex interactions and high correlations makes it difficult to estimate and understand the effects of risk factors on health outcomes of interest .	The modeling approach we adopt assumes that responses and confounding variables are manifestations of continuous latent variables , and uses multivariate Gaussians to jointly model these .	Responses and confounding variables are not treated equally as relevant parameters of the distributions of the responses only are modeled in terms of explanatory variables or risk factors .	Spatial dependence is introduced by allowing the weights of the nonparametric process priors to be location specific , obtained as probit transformations of Gaussian Markov random fields .
+3	Comparison of the ARPES and optical data from the $ same $ sample shows that the pseudo-gap energy observed in optical data is consistent with the inter-band transition energy of the model , allowing us to have a unified picture of pseudo-gap effects .	Angle resolved photoemission ( ARPES ) data from the electron doped cuprate superconductor Sm $ _ { 1.86 } $ Ce $ _ { 0.14 } $ CuO $ _4 $ shows a much stronger pseudo-gap or `` hot-spot '' effect than that observed in other optimally doped $ n $ -type cuprates .	Importantly , these effects are strong enough to drive the zone-diagonal states below the chemical potential , implying that d-wave superconductivity in this compound would be of a novel `` nodeless '' gap variety .	The gross features of the Fermi surface topology and low energy electronic structure are found to be well described by reconstruction of bands by a $ \sqrt { 2 } \times\sqrt { 2 } $ order .	However , the high energy electronic structure is found to be inconsistent with such a scenario .
+0	The growth of the angular momentum L of protogalaxies induced by tidal torques is reconsidered within the Zel'dovich approximation .	We obtain a general expression for the ensemble expectation value of the square of L in terms of the first and second invariant of the inertia tensor of the Lagrangian volume enclosing the protoobject 's collapsing mass .	We then specialize the formalism to the particular case in which this volume is centered on a peak of the smoothed Gaussian density field and approximated by an isodensity ellipsoid .	The result is the appropriate analytical estimate for the rms angular momentum of peaks to be compared against simulations that make use of the Hoffman-Ribak algorithm to set up a constrained density field that contains a peak with given shape .	Extending the work of Heavens & amp ; Peacock , we calculate the joint probability distribution function for several spin parameters and peak mass M using the distribution of peak shapes , for different initial power spectra .
+3	It is found that the free energy of cell membranes has the form of the in-plane strain energy plus Helfrich 's curvature energy .	A cell membrane can be simply regarded as composite material consisting of lipid bilayer , membrane cytoskeleton beneath lipid bilayer , and proteins embedded in lipid bilayer and linked with membrane cytoskeleton if one only concerns its mechanical properties .	In this Chapter , above all , the authors give a brief introduction to some important work on mechanical properties of lipid bilayers following Helfrich 's seminal work on spontaneous curvature energy of lipid bilayers .	Next , the entropy of a polymer confined in a curved surface and the free energy of membrane cytoskeleton are obtained by scaling analysis .	The equations to describe equilibrium shapes and in-plane strains of cell membranes by osmotic pressures are obtained by taking the first order variation of the total free energy containing the elastic free energy , the surface tension energy and the term induced by osmotic pressure .
+1	This is the highest frequency QPO modulation seen to date from a black hole .	We report the discovery with the proportional counter array ( PCA ) onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) of a 450 Hz quasiperiodic oscillation ( QPO ) in the hard X-ray flux from the galactic microquasar GRO J1655-40 .	The QPO is detected only in the hard X-ray band above 13 keV .	It is both strong and narrow , with a typical rms amplitude of 4.5 % in the 13 - 27 keV range , and a width of 40 Hz ( FWHM ) .	For two observations in which we detect the 450 Hz QPO a previously known 300 Hz QPO is also observed in the 2 - 13 keV band .
+2	These higher-order Abel equations are studied by means of their Darboux polynomials and Jacobi multipliers .	A geometric approach is used to study a family of higher-order nonlinear Abel equations .	The inverse problem of the Lagrangian dynamics is studied in the particular case of the second-order Abel equation and the existence of two alternative Lagrangian formulations is proved , both Lagrangians being of a non-natural class ( neither potential nor kinetic term ) .	In all the cases a family of constants of the motion is explicitly obtained .	The general n-dimensional case is also studied .
+0	We consider a problem in random matrix theory that is inspired by quantum information theory : determining the largest eigenvalue of a sum of p random product states in ( C^d ) ^ { otimes k } , where k and p/d^k are fixed while d grows .	When k=1 , the Marcenko-Pastur law determines ( up to small corrections ) not only the largest eigenvalue ( ( 1+sqrt { p/d^k } ) ^2 ) but the smallest eigenvalue ( min ( 0,1-sqrt { p/d^k } ) ^2 ) and the spectral density in between .	We use the method of moments to show that for k & gt ; 1 the largest eigenvalue is still approximately ( 1+sqrt { p/d^k } ) ^2 and the spectral density approaches that of the Marcenko-Pastur law , generalizing the random matrix theory result to the random tensor case .	Our bound on the largest eigenvalue has implications both for sampling from a particular heavy-tailed distribution and for a recently proposed quantum data-hiding and correlation-locking scheme due to Leung and Winter .	Since the matrices we consider have neither independent entries nor unitary invariance , we need to develop new techniques for their analysis .
+3	Infrared narrow band imaging reveals a much smaller H alpha halo with a very different morphology .	The radio galaxy MRC 1138-262 at z=2.16 is most likely a brightest cluster galaxy in an early stage of evolution .	Here we present observations of the luminous emission line halo and the stellar components of this radio galaxy .	Optical narrow band imaging shows a very extended ( about 160 kpc ) and luminous Lyman alpha halo .	We advocate a model in which the inner part of the halo is photoionized by direct AGN illumination or by UV photons from young stars .
+2	Actually , such a kind of modification of special relativity has been already done .	In my previous work , physics/0205011 , I reported several observations on special relativity , its experimental facts and its relations to quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics .	These observations made us conscious : Special relativity is not a ultimate theory ; Some modification is needed ; Any modification must not violate the principles of the constancy of the light speed and of the local Lorentz invariance ; We probably have to change the assumption on local structures of gravity-free space and time in special relativity .	The generalized Finslerian structures of gravity-free space and time in the usual inertial coordinate system have been proposed .	Here , in this lecture , I talk about these structures of gravity-free space and time and their recognized phenomena .
+1	However , the collective behaviour observed in experiments usually leaves considerable unconstrained freedom in the structure of these models .	Self propelled particle ( SPP ) models are often compared with animal swarms .	To tackle this degeneracy , and better distinguish between candidate models , we study swarms of SPPs circulating in channels ( like spins ) where we permit information to pass through windows between neighbouring channels .	Co-alignment between particles then couples the channels ( antiferromagnetically ) so that they tend to counter-rotate .	We study channels arranged to mimic a geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet and show how the effects of this frustration allow us to better distinguish between SPP models .
+0	It is demonstrated that the substances with small difference in the free energies of the ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases possess a set of properties characteristic for the so-called `` dipole glasses '' .	Possible phase diagrams of the substances that can be misguidedly attributed to glasses are discussed .	Main attention has been paid to the process of long-time relaxation of physical characteristics of these compounds after their state of thermodynamic equilibrium was disturbed by external influences .	The long-time relaxation along with the pronounced frequency dependence of parameters ( for example , dependence of dielectric or magnetic characteristics on the frequency of measuring field ) is considered as main features due to which these systems are classified as dipole glasses .	Our main purpose is to call attention to the fact that one has to be cautious during the interpretation of experimental results in substances with inhomogeneous states of coexisting domains of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases .
+4	The large-scale photospheric magnetic field of the star was then modelled by means of Zeeman-Doppler Imaging , allowing us to follow the year-to-year evolution of the reconstructed magnetic topology .	Aims .	We aim to investigate the long-term temporal evolution of the magnetic field of the solar-type star \xi Bootis A , both from direct magnetic field measurements and from the simultaneous estimate of indirect activity indicators.Methods .	We obtained seven epochs of high-resolution , circularly-polarized spectra from the NARVAL spectropolarimeter between 2007 and 2011 , for a total of 76 spectra .	Using approximately 6,100 photospheric spectral lines covering the visible domain , we employed a cross-correlation procedure to compute a mean polarized line profile from each spectrum .
+4	They correspond to bulk perturbations for which the critical temperature is shifted .	Two-dimensional layered aperiodic Ising systems are studied in the extreme anisotropic limit where they correspond to quantum Ising chains in a transverse field .	The modulation of the couplings follows an aperiodic sequence generated through substitution .	According to Luck 's criterion , such a perturbation becomes marginal when the wandering exponent of the sequence vanishes .	Three marginal sequences are considered : the period-doubling , paper-folding and three-folding sequences .
+3	The extensive multi-wavelength coverage of the field ( from radio to X-rays ) was used to classify RQQs , and the milli-arcsecond resolution of VLBI provides a direct way to identify AGNs .	The origin of the radio emission in radio-quiet quasars ( RQQs ) has been a matter of debate for a long time .	It is not well understood whether the emission is caused by star formation in the host galaxy or by black hole activity of the active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) .	We shed some light on these questions using the Very Long Baseline Interferometry ( VLBI ) technique to search for RQQs in the field of the Cosmological Evolution Survey ( COSMOS ) .	In a sample of 18 RQQs we detected 3 using the Very Long Baseline Array ( VLBA ) at 1.4 GHz .
+3	On the other hand a Gaussian finite Nc approximation is surprisingly close to the full result .	We discuss applications of the JIMWLK renormalization group equation to multigluon correlations in high energy collisions .	This includes recent progress in computing the energy dependence of higher point Wilson line correlators from the JIMWLK renormalization group equation .	We find that the large Nc approximation used so far in the phenomenological literature is not very accurate .	We also discuss correlations at large rapidity separations , relevant for the `` ridge '' correlations observed in experiments .
+1	A novel approach is used to numerically calculate the three-dimensional dark matter density field using SPT from the initial conditions of two high-resolution cosmological simulations .	We test third-order standard perturbation theory ( SPT ) as an approximation to non-linear cosmological structure formation .	The calculated density field is compared to the non-linear dark matter field of the simulations both point-by-point and statistically .	For smoothing scales above 8 Mpc/h it shows a good agreement up to redshift 0 .	We present a simple fitting formula to relate the linear and non-linear density contrast that accurately recovers the non-linear time evolution for 0 & lt ; = z & lt ; = 10 at the per cent level .
+2	The operation of cryogenic Ge and Si crystals of the CDMS-II experiment in the Soudan mine yielded the most stringent spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-section ( ~10^ { -43 } cm^2 ) at a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c^2 .	The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search ( CDMS ) and XENON experiments aim to directly detect dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles ( WIMPs ) via their elastic scattering on the target nuclei .	The experiments use different techniques to suppress background event rates to the minimum , and at the same time , to achieve a high WIMP detection rate .	The two-phase xenon detector of the XENON10 experiment is currently taking data in the Gran Sasso underground lab and promising preliminary results were recently reported .	Both experiments are expected to increase their WIMP sensitivity by a one order of magnitude in the scheduled science runs for 2007 .
+0	The reaction 54Fe ( d_pol , p ) 55Fe was studied at the Munich Q3D spectrograph with a 14 MeV polarized deuteron beam .	Excitation energies , angular distributions and analyzing powers were measured for 39 states up to 4.5 MeV excitation energy .	Spin and parity assignments were made and spectroscopic factors deduced by comparison to DWBA calculations .	The results were compared to predictions by large scale shell model calculations in the full pf-shell and it was found that reasonable agreement for energies and spectroscopic factors below 2.5 MeV could only be obtained if up to 6 particles were allowed to be excited from the f_7/2 orbital into p_3/2 , f_5/2 , and p_1/2 orbitals across the N=28 gap .	For levels above 2.5 MeV the experimental strength distribution was found to be significantly more fragmented than predicted by the shell model calculations .
+2	We have created culture of plasma studies with refrain from an ensemble substitution [ 1-8 ] .	In recent studies we have multiply envisioned the irrationality of the traditional plasma kinetis [ 1 -- 5 ] .	Its basic false cornerstone was shown to be the substitution of real plasmas by plasma probabilistic ensembles [ 1 -- 3 ] .	We discovered intense decay of Langmuir quanta , as opposite to traditional deduction of their conservation [ 1-3 ] .	The quanta decay prevents formation of Langmuir condensate in a weak Langmuir turbulence [ 1 , Appendix ] , suppresses long-wavelength plasma modulational instability [ 3 ] , precludes Langmuir wave collapses [ 1-3 ] .
+4	By formulating selfish CSI reporting as a game , we prove the existence of an unique equilibrium and characterize energy efficiency with true and selfish CSI in closed form .	With energy-efficient resource allocation , mobile users and base station have different objectives .	While the base station strives for an energy-efficient operation of the complete cell , each user aims to maximize its own data rate .	To obtain this individual benefit , users may selfishly adjust their Channel State Information ( CSI ) reports , reducing the cell 's energy efficiency .	To analyze this conflict of interest , we formalize energy-efficient power allocation as a utility maximization problem and present a simple algorithm that performs close to the optimum .
+3	Here , we describe extensions and improvements of existing models , new families of models , and -- perhaps most importantly -- a much more thorough treatment of algorithm parameters as model inputs .	Perhaps surprisingly , it is possible to predict how long an algorithm will take to run on a previously unseen input , using machine learning techniques to build a model of the algorithm 's runtime as a function of problem-specific instance features .	Such models have important applications to algorithm analysis , portfolio-based algorithm selection , and the automatic configuration of parameterized algorithms .	Over the past decade , a wide variety of techniques have been studied for building such models .	We also comprehensively describe new and existing features for predicting algorithm runtime for propositional satisfiability ( SAT ) , travelling salesperson ( TSP ) and mixed integer programming ( MIP ) problems .
+2	gravity is a dominant factor .	Astrophysical systems differ often in two points from classical thermodynamical systems : 1 . )	They are open and 2 . )	Both modifies the homogeneous equilibrium structure , known from classical thermodynamics .	In order to study the consequence for structure formation in astrophysical systems , we carry out N-body simulations of self-gravitating systems , subjected to an energy-flow .
+1	In cosmological analyses the effects of neutrino mass and number of species can in principle be disentangled for fixed cosmological parameters .	Recent indications from both particle physics and cosmology suggest the existence of more than three neutrino species .	However , since we do not have perfect measurements of the standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter model parameters some correlation remains between the neutrino mass and number of species , and both parameters should be included in the analysis .	Combining the newest observations of several cosmological probes ( cosmic microwave background , large scale structure , expansion rate ) we obtain N_eff=3.58 ( +0.15/-0.16 at 68 % CL ) ( +0.55/-0.53 at 95 % CL ) and a sum of neutrino masses of less than 0.60 eV ( 95 CL ) , which are currently the strongest constraints on N_eff and M_nu from an analysis including both parameters .	The preference for N_eff & gt ; 3 is now at a 2sigma level .
+2	The latter case results in a large enhancement of the isocurvature perturbation .	In D-term inflation models , the fluctuations of squark fields in the flat directions give rise to isocurvature density fluctuations stored in the Affleck-Dine condensate .	After the condensate breaks up in B-balls , these can be perturbations in the baryon number , or , in the case where the present neutralino density comes directly from B-ball decay , perturbations in the number of dark matter neutralinos .	In this case , the requirement that the deviation of the adiabatic perturbations from scale invariance due to the Affleck-Dine field is not too large imposes a lower bound on the magnitude of the isocurvature fluctuation of about $ 10^ { -2 } $ times the adiabatic perturbation .	This should be observable by MAP and PLANCK .
+0	For a pair of real or complex scattering potentials $ v_j : \mathbb { R } \to\mathbb { C } $ ( $ j=1,2 $ ) with support $ I_j $ and transfer matrix $ M_j $ , the transfer matrix of $ v_1+v_2 $ is given by the product $ M_2 M_1 $ provided that $ I_1 $ lies to the left of $ I_2 $ .	We explore the prospects of generalizing this composition rule for the cases that $ I_1 $ and $ I_2 $ have a small intersection .	In particular , we show that if $ I_1 $ and $ I_2 $ intersect in a finite closed interval of length $ \ell $ in which both the potentials are analytic , then the lowest order correction to the above composition rule is proportional to $ \ell^5 $ .	This correction is of the order of $ \ell^3 $ , if $ v_1 $ and $ v_2 $ are respectively analytic throughout this interval except at $ x=\ell $ and $ x=0 $ .	We use these results to explore the superposition of a pair of unidirectionally invisible potentials with overlapping support .
+2	Using the framework of quantum field theory in curved spacetime , we demonstrate that the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin ( WKB ) approximation leads to the Larmor formula for the rate of the radiation energy from a moving charge in an expanding universe .	We investigate photon emission from a moving particle in an expanding universe .	This process is analogous to the radiation from an accelerated charge in the classical electromagnetic theory .	Using exactly solvable models in a radiation-dominated universe and in a Milne universe , we examine the validity of the WKB formula .	It is shown that the quantum effect suppresses the radiation energy in comparison with the WKB formula .
+1	We use data from the { \it Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer } data to determine the host galaxy population of the polarised extragalactic radio sources .	We present polarisation properties at $ 1.4\ , $ GHz of two separate extragalactic source populations : passive quiescent galaxies and luminous quasar-like galaxies .	The quiescent galaxies have higher percentage polarisation , smaller radio linear size , and $ 1.4\ , $ GHz luminosity of $ 6\times10^ { 21 } & lt ; L_ { \rm 1.4 } & lt ; 7\times10^ { 25 } \ , $ W Hz $ ^ { -1 } $ , while the quasar-like galaxies have smaller percentage polarisation , larger radio linear size at radio wavelengths , and a $ 1.4\ , $ GHz luminosity of $ 9\times10^ { 23 } & lt ; L_ { \rm 1.4 } & lt ; 7\times10^ { 28 } \ , $ W Hz $ ^ { -1 } $ , suggesting that the environment of the quasar-like galaxies is responsible for the lower percentage polarisation .	Our results confirm previous studies that found an inverse correlation between percentage polarisation and total flux density at $ 1.4\ , $ GHz .	We suggest that the population change between the polarised extragalactic radio sources is the origin of this inverse correlation and suggest a cosmic evolution of the space density of quiescent galaxies .
+1	Sensitive high-resolution images reveal hierarchical fragmentation in dense molecular gas from the $ \sim 1 $ pc clump scale down to $ \sim 0.01 $ pc condensation scale .	We present Submillimeter Array ( SMA ) $ \lambda = $ 0.88 and 1.3 mm broad band observations , and the Jansky Very Large Array ( VLA ) observations in $ \rm { NH_3 } $ $ ( J , K ) = ( 1,1 ) $ up to $ ( 5,5 ) $ , $ \rm { H_2O } $ and $ \rm { CH_3OH } $ maser lines toward the two most massive molecular clumps in infrared dark cloud ( IRDC ) G11.11-0.12 .	At each scale , the mass of the fragments is orders of magnitude larger than the Jeans mass .	This is common to all four IRDC clumps we studied , suggesting that turbulence plays an important role in the early stages of clustered star formation .	Masers , shock heated $ \rm { NH_3 } $ gas , and outflows indicate intense ongoing star formation in some cores while no such signatures are found in others .
+3	General feedback from the students has been relatively positive , and we hope teachers will find the computer model useful in their own classes .	We develop an Easy Java Simulation ( EJS ) model for students to visualize geostationary orbits near Earth , modeled using Java 3D implementation of the EJS 3D library .	The simplified physics model is described and simulated using simple constant angular velocity equation .	Four computer model design ideas such as 1 ) simple and realistic 3D view and associated learning to real world , 2 ) comparative visualization of permanent geostationary satellite 3 ) examples of non-geostationary orbits of different 3-1 ) rotation sense , 3-2 ) periods , 3-3 ) planes and 4 ) incorrect physics model for conceptual discourse are discussed .	2015 Resources http : //iwant2study.org/ospsg/index.php/interactive-resources/physics/02-newtonian-mechanics/08-gravity/62-gravity10
+3	However , in principle , extra-solar giant planets ( EGPs ) can have a wide range of masses and , hence , can be significantly brighter than Jupiter .	Interest among astronomers in the detection of extra-solar planets is accelerating with the growing realization that it may soon be technically feasible .	The ongoing renaissance in telescope construction and the anticipated launches of new space platforms are encouraging many scientists to review and improve the means by which planets can be discovered .	The direct detection of the light from a distant planet would be the most compelling means of discovery and to gauge the feasibility of various search strategies , astronomers have traditionally used the current Jupiter as a benchmark planet .	Furthermore , the maximum mass a planet can have is not known a priori , and observations will be needed to determine it .
+3	We compute separation bounds for the roots , and using them we deduce that we can isolate the real roots of $ B_ { \alpha } $ in $ \sOB ( N^ { 10 } ) $ , where $ N $ is an upper bound on all the quantities ( degree and bitsize ) of the input polynomials .	We present algorithmic , complexity and implementation results for the problem of isolating the real roots of a univariate polynomial in $ B_ { \alpha } \in L [ y ] $ , where $ L=\QQ ( \alpha ) $ is a simple algebraic extension of the rational numbers .	We consider two approaches for tackling the problem .	In the first approach using resultant computations we perform a reduction to a polynomial with integer coefficients .	In the second approach we isolate the real roots working directly on the polynomial of the input .
+1	However by allowing updates of links and short-term memory in cells we may potentially discover novel complex regimes of spatio-temporal dynamics .	Commonly studied cellular automata are memoryless and have fixed topology of connections between cells .	Moreover by adding memory and dynamical topology to state update rules we somehow forge elementary but non-traditional models of neurons networks ( aka neuron layers in frontal parts ) .	In present paper we demonstrate how this can be done on a self-inhibitory excitable cellular automata .	These automata imitate a phenomenon of inhibition caused by high-strength stimulus : a resting cell excites if there are one or two excited neighbors , the cell remains resting otherwise .
+3	A way to interpret our results is to say that nonreal zeros of elliptic curve $ L $ -functions in a family have a direct influence on the average rank in this family .	Under a hypothesis which is slightly stronger than the Riemann Hypothesis for elliptic curve $ L $ -functions , we show that both the average analytic rank and the average algebraic rank of elliptic curves in families of quadratic twists are exactly $ \frac 12 $ .	As a corollary we obtain that under this last hypothesis , the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture holds for almost all curves in our family , and that asymptotically one half of these curves have algebraic rank $ 0 $ , and the remaining half $ 1 $ .	We also prove an analogous result in the family of all elliptic curves .	Results of Katz-Sarnak and of Young constitute a major ingredient in the proofs .
+1	Most of such mobile devices rely on GPS data but this data is subject to inaccuracy due to imperfections in the quality of the signal provided by satellites .	Accurate information about the location and orientation of a camera in mobile devices is central to the utilization of location-based services ( LBS ) .	This shortcoming has spurred the research into improving the accuracy of localization .	Since mobile devices have camera , a major thrust of this research has been seeks to acquire the local scene and apply image retrieval techniques by querying a GPS-tagged image database to find the best match for the acquired scene..	The techniques are however computationally demanding and unsuitable for real-time applications such as assistive technology for navigation by the blind and visually impaired which motivated out work .
+3	We find that the SSP-equivalent age depends primarily on the age of the young population and on the mass fraction of the two populations , and that the SSP-equivalent chemical composition depends mainly on the chemical composition of the old population .	We study the simple-stellar-population-equivalent ( SSP-equivalent ) age and chemical composition measured from the Lick/IDS line-strength indices of composite stellar populations ( CSP ) .	We build two sets of ~30000 CSP models using stellar populations synthesis models , combining an old population and a young population with a range of ages and chemical compositions representative of early-type galaxies .	We investigate how the SSP-equivalent stellar parameters of the CSP 's depend on the stellar parameters of the two input populations ; how they depend on V-band luminosity-weighted stellar parameters ; and how SSP-equivalent parameters derived from different Balmer-line indices can be used to reveal the presence of a young population on top of an old one .	Furthermore , while the SSP-equivalent chemical composition tracks quite closely the V-band luminosity weighted one , the SSP-equivalent age does not and is strongly biased towards the age of the young population .
+3	To investigate this possibility , we modelled the nuclear spectra of two radio-loud BALQSOs .	The X-ray weakness of broad absorption line ( BAL ) quasars in comparison to non-BAL objects is possibly caused by the absorption of X-ray emission by the shielding material near the equatorial plane .	On the other hand , the radio-loud BALQSOs are more X-ray loud than the radio-quiet ones .	This suggests that part of the X-ray emission may arise from the radio jet .	We focus on the emission from the very centres of these two objects .
+3	During the state transitions flux variations of about a factor of 5 and 15 were seen in the 1.3-3.0 keV and 100-200 keV bands , respectively , while the average 4.8-12 keV flux remains almost unchanged .	We report continuous monitoring of Cygnus X-1 in the 1.3 to 200 keV band using ASM/RXTE and BATSE/CGRO for about 200 days from 1996 February 21 to 1996 early September .	During this period Cygnus X-1 experienced a hard-to-soft and then a soft-to-hard state transition .	The low-energy X-ray ( 1.3-12 keV ) and high-energy X-ray ( 20-200 keV ) fluxes are strongly anti-correlated during this period .	The net effect of this pivoting is that the total 1.3-200 keV luminosity remained unchanged to within about 15 % .
+4	We explain the results by the parametric resonance at the breakpoint and excitation of the longitudinal plasma wave by the Josephson oscillations .	We study the breakpoint region on the outermost branch of current-voltage characteristics of the stacks with different number of intrinsic Josephson junctions .	We show that at periodic boundary conditions the breakpoint region is absent for stacks with even number of junctions .	For stacks with odd number of junctions and for stacks with nonperiodic boundary conditions the breakpoint current is increased with number of junctions and saturated at the value corresponding to the periodic boundary conditions .	The region of saturation and the saturated value depend on the coupling between junctions .
+1	However , experimental measurements of thermoelectric conversion in molecular junctions have indicated rather poor efficiency , raising the question of whether it is indeed possible to design a setup for molecular junctions that will exhibit enhanced thermoelectric performance .	It was recently suggested that molecular junctions would be excellent elements for efficient and high-power thermoelectric energy conversion devices .	Here we suggest that hybrid single-molecule nanoparticle junctions can serve as efficient thermoelectric converters .	The introduction of a semiconducting nanoparticle introduces new tuning capabilities , which are absent in conventional metal-molecule-metal junctions .	Using a generic model for the molecule and nanoparticle with realistic parameters , we demonstrate that the thermopower can be of the order of hundreds of microvolts per degree Kelvin , and that the thermoelectric figure of merit can reach values close to one , an improvement of four orders of magnitude improvement over existing measurements .
+2	Our simulations confirm that extra annulus doping helps in reducing DMG of higher order mode groups .	Few-mode fiber amplifier is widely under study to overcome the issue of internet traffic in optical communication .	This article proposes annulus core few-mode erbium doped fiber ( FM-EDF ) with annulus or extra annulus doping for amplification of the LP01 , LP11 , LP21 , and LP31 signal mode groups with low differential modal gain ( DMG ) .	We have achieved less than 2.2 dB DMG over C-band for 4-mode groups using extra annulus doping .	The proposed EDF would be useful for space division multiplexing ( SDM ) based optical fiber communication system .
+4	Critical properties of possible effective theories are determined and it is shown that they are characterized by the Coxeter number h_G of lattices from the series A , D , E , Z and can be interpreted as those of conformal field theories with integer central charge C=n , where n is a rank of the groups pi_1 and G. A possibility of restoration of full symmetry group G in massive phase is also dicussed .	The Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless ( BKT ) type phase transitions in two-dimensional systems with internal abelian continuous symmetries are investigated .	The necessary conditions for they can take place are : 1 ) conformal invariance of the kinetic part of the model action , 2 ) vacuum manifold must be degenerated with abelian discrete homotopy group pi_1 .	Then topological excitations have a logarithmically divergent energy and they can be described by effective field theories generalizing the two-dimensional euclidean sine-Gordon theory , which is an effective theory of the initial XY-model .	In particular , the effective actions for the two-dimensional chiral models on maximal abelian tori T_G of simple compact groups G are found .
+1	Recently , Rasia et al .	The structure of the dark matter and the thermodynamical status of the hot gas in galaxy clusters is an interesting and widely discussed topic in modern astrophysics .	( 2004 ) have proposed a new dynamical model for the mass density profile of clusters of galaxies as a result of a set of high resolution hydrodynamical simulations of structure formation .	We investigate the lensing properties of this model evaluating the deflection angle , the lensing potential and the amplification of the images .	We reserve particular attention to the structure and position of the critical curves in order to see whether this model is able to produce radial and tangential arcs .
+4	The FFT can be improved from $ { \cal O } ( N\ln N ) $ to $ { \cal O } ( N ) $ steps , or even fewer steps in a modified butterfly configuration .	An alternative to the matrix inverse procedure is presented .	Given a bit register which is arbitrarily large , the matrix inverse to an arbitrarily large matrix can be peformed in $ { \cal O } ( N^2 ) $ operations , and to matrix multiplication on a vector in $ { \cal O } ( N ) $ .	This is in contrast to the usual $ { \cal O } ( N^3 ) $ and $ { \cal O } ( N^2 ) $ .	A finite size bit register can lead to speeds up of an order of magnitude in large matrices such as $ 500\times 500 $ .
+2	We introduce a steering measure for two-mode continuous variable systems that is valid for arbitrary states .	Steering is a manifestation of quantum correlations that embodies the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen ( EPR ) paradox .	While there have been recent attempts to quantify steering , continuous variable systems remained elusive .	The measure is based on the violation of an optimized variance test for the EPR paradox , and admits a computable and experimentally friendly lower bound only depending on the second moments of the state , which reduces to a recently proposed quantifier of steerability by Gaussian measurements .	We further show that Gaussian states are extremal with respect to our measure , minimizing it among all continuous variable states with fixed second moments .
+4	Finally , we outline the prospects for the physics during the upcoming Run 2 , ready to start in the upcoming year 2000 .	We present the latest results from the CDF experiment at the Tevatron Collider in \ppbar collisions at $ \sqrt { s } = 1.8 $ TeV .	The large data sample collected during Run 1 , from 1992 until 1995 , allows measurements in many domains of high-energy physics .	Here , we report on the first measurement of $ \sin ( 2\beta ) $ , a CP violation parameter , and on an improved measurement of the top quark cross section .	We also report on searches for the so-far elusive Higgs boson , and for SUSY , through searches for direct production of top and bottom scalar quarks .
+0	A detailed study of the Inelastic Neutron Scattering ( INS ) spectra of the high- $ T_c $ cuprates based on the Fermi liquid ( FL ) picture is given .	We focus on the issue of the transformation between the commensurate and incommensurate ( IC ) excitation driven by frequency or $ temperature $ .	For La $ _ { 2-x } $ Sr $ _x $ CuO $ _4 $ ( LSCO ) , the condition of small $ \Delta ( 0 ) /v_F a $ ( where $ a $ is the lattice constant , and henceforth will be set to 1 ) can simultaneously reproduces the always existing IC peaks in the superconducting ( SC ) and normal state , and the always fixed location at temperature or frequency change .	For YBa $ _2 $ Cu $ _3 $ O $ _ { 6+x } $ ( YBCO ) , a moderate $ \Delta ( 0 ) /v_F a $ and proximity of the van Hove singularity ( vHS ) at $ { \bar M } = ( 0 , \pi ) $ to the Fermi level can reproduce the frequency- and temperature-driven shifting IC peaks in the SC state , and the vanishing of the IC peak in the normal state .	The commensurate peak is found to be more appropriately described as a random phase approximation ( RPA ) effect .
+1	Using 11 archival observations obtained with Chandra and XMM-Newton over approximately 1000 days after the source 's 2006 outburst , we study the flux and spectral evolution of the source .	We report on spectral and timing properties of the magnetar CXOU J164710.2-455216 in the massive star cluster Westerlund 1 .	We show that the hardness of the source , as quantified by hardness ratio , blackbody temperature or power-law photon index , shows a clear correlation with the 2 -- 10 keV absorption-corrected flux and that the power-law component flux decayed faster than the blackbody component for the first ~100 days .	We also measure the timing properties of the source by analyzing data spanning approximately 2500 days .	The measured period and period derivative are 10.610644 ( 17 ) s ( MJD 53999.06 ) and & lt ; 4 X 10^ { -13 } s s^-1 ( 90 % confidence ) which imply that the spin-inferred dipolar magnetic field of the source is less than 7 X 10^ { 13 } G. This is significantly smaller than was suggested previously .
+4	It has been suggested these MSPs may have formed from delayed accretion-induced collapse of massive white dwarfs , or the eccentricity may be induced by dynamical interaction between the binary and a circumbinary disk .	According to the recycling scenario , millisecond pulsars ( MSPs ) have evolved from low-mass X-ray binaries ( LMXBs ) .	Their orbits are expected to be circular due to tidal interactions during the binary evolution , as observed in most of the binary MSPs .	There are some peculiar systems that do not fit this picture .	Three recent examples are PSRs J2234 $ + $ 06 , J1946 $ + $ 3417 and J1950 $ + $ 2414 , all of which are MSPs in eccentric orbits but with mass functions compatible with expected He white dwarf companions .
+2	Instead , it aims to remove the most significant interference signals .	We study a new IA strategy which is referred to as `` Partial Interference Cancelation-based Interference Alignment '' ( PIC-IA ) .	Unlike the conventional IA strategy , PIC-IA does not strive to eliminate interference from all users .	This PIC-IA strategy generalizes the conventional IA concept by addressing partial , instead of complete , interference cancelation .	The feasibility of this new strategy is studied in this paper .
+3	Remarkably , absorption in the green portion of the spectrum is avoided , as it provides no inherent regulatory benefit .	Manipulating the flow of energy in nanoscale and molecular photonic devices is of both fundamental interest and central importance for applications in light harvesting optoelectronics .	Under erratic solar irradiance conditions , unregulated power fluctuations in a light harvesting photocell lead to inefficient energy storage in conventional solar cells and potentially fatal oxidative damage in photosynthesis .	Here , we show that regulation against these fluctuations arises naturally within a two-channel quantum heat engine photocell , thus enabling the efficient conversion of varying incident solar spectrum at Earth 's surface .	Our findings illuminate a quantum structural origin of regulation , provide a novel optoelectronic design strategy , and may elucidate the link between photoprotection in photosynthesis and the predominance of green plants on Earth .
+2	The stellar continuum is modeled using stellar population synthesis models , and the continuum-normalized spectrum is fit with two Na I absorption components .	We analyze star forming galaxies drawn from SDSS DR7 to show how the interstellar medium ( ISM ) Na I 5890 , 5896 ( Na D ) absorption lines depend on galaxy physical properties , and to look for evidence of galactic winds .	We combine the spectra of galaxies with similar geometry/physical parameters to create composite spectra with signal-to-noise ~300 .	We find that : ( 1 ) ISM Na D absorption lines with equivalent widths EW & gt ; 0.8A are only prevalent in disk galaxies with specific properties -- large extinction ( Av ) , high star formation rates ( SFR ) , high star formation rate per unit area ( $ \Sigma_ { \rm SFR } $ ) , or high stellar mass ( M* ) .	( 2 ) the ISM Na D absorption lines can be separated into two components : a quiescent disk-like component at the galaxy systemic velocity and an outflow component ; ( 3 ) the disk-like component is much stronger in the edge-on systems , and the outflow component covers a wide angle but is stronger within 60deg of the disk rotation axis ; ( 4 ) the EW and covering factor of the disk component correlate strongly with dust attenuation , highlighting the importance that dust shielding may play the survival of Na I .
+1	This paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-the art in AV classification methods .	Artery and vein ( AV ) classification of retinal images is a key to necessary tasks , such as automated measurement of arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio ( AVR ) .	To improve on previous methods , a new Local Bi- nary Pattern-based method ( LBP ) is proposed .	Beside its simplicity , LBP is robust against low contrast and low quality fundus images ; and it helps the process by including additional AV texture and shape information .	Experimental results compare the performance of the new method with the state-of-the art ; and also methods with different feature extraction and classification schemas .
+2	The photoresponse is up to 157 % when SWCNTs are embedded in P3HT-b-PS while for a pure SWCNT film it is only 40 % .	We present a near-infrared photoresponse study of single-walled carbon nanotube/poly ( 3-hexylthiophene ) -block-polystyrene polymer ( SWCNT/P3HT-b-PS ) composite films for different loading ratios of SWCNT in the polymer matrix .	Compared to the pure SWCNT film , the photoresponse [ ( light current - dark current ) /dark current ] is much larger in the SWCNT/polymer composite films .	We also show that the photocurrent strongly depends on the position of the laser spot with maximum photocurrent occurring at the metal-film interface .	We explain the photoresponse due to exciton dissociations and charge carrier separation caused by a Schottky barrier at the metallic electrode - SWCNT interface
+1	The photoluminescence spectra of single quantum dots revealed the strong dependence of the spectral linewidth on the dot height .	Making use of droplet epitaxy , we systematically controlled the height of self-assembled GaAs quantum dots by more than one order of magnitude .	Tall dots with a height of ~30 nm showed broad spectral peaks with an average width as large as ~5 meV , but shallow dots with a height of ~2 nm showed resolution-limited spectral lines ( & lt ; 120 micro eV ) .	The measured height dependence of the linewidths is in good agreement with Stark coefficients calculated for the experimental shape variation .	We attribute the microscopic source of fluctuating electric fields to the random motion of surface charges at the vacuum-semiconductor interface .
+0	We study the neutrino oscillation physics performance of the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment ( LBNE ) in various configurations .	In particular , we compare the case of a surface detector at the far site augmented by a near detector , to that with the far site detector placed deep underground but no near detector .	In the latter case , information from atmospheric neutrino events is also utilized .	For values of \theta_ { 13 } favored by reactor experiments and a 100 kt-yr exposure , we find roughly equivalent sensitivities to the neutrino mass hierarchy , the octant of \theta_ { 23 } , and to CP violation .	We also find that as the exposure is increased , the near detector helps increase the sensitivity to CP violation substantially more than atmospheric neutrinos .
+2	We point out the natural isomorphism between the group of orthogonal automorphisms of the Courant bracket and the group of local canonical transformations of the cotangent bundle of the loop space .	In this note we clarify the relation between extended world-sheet supersymmetry and generalized complex structure .	The analysis is based on the phase space description of a wide class of sigma models .	Indeed this fact explains the natural relation between the world-sheet and the geometry of T+T^* .	We discuss D-branes in this perspective .
+3	Our goal is to use variational transformation as part of a novel hybridized inference for serving reliable and real time diagnosis at web scale .	Variational inference provides approximations to the computationally intractable posterior distribution in Bayesian networks .	A prominent medical application of noisy-or Bayesian network is to infer potential diseases given observed symptoms .	Previous studies focus on approximating a handful of complicated pathological cases using variational transformation .	We propose a hybridized inference that allows variational parameters to be estimated without disease posteriors or priors , making the inference faster and much of its computation recyclable .
+2	Gauge potential and field strength tensor can be defined based on this differential structure .	Differential structure of lattices can be defined if the lattices are treated as models of noncommutative geometry .	The detailed construction consists of specifying a generalized Dirac operator and a wedge product .	When an inner product is specified for differential forms , classical action can be deduced for lattice gauge fields .	Besides the familiar Wilson action being recovered , an additional term , related to the non-unitarity of link variables and loops spanning no area , emerges .
+3	These include the [ OIII ] /Hb vs. [ NII ] /Ha and [ OIII ] /Hb vs. [ SII ] /Ha `` BPT '' diagrams , as well as the O_32 vs. R_23 excitation diagram .	We present results on the excitation properties of z~2.3 galaxies using early observations from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field ( MOSDEF ) Survey .	With its coverage of the full suite of strong rest-frame optical emission lines , MOSDEF provides an unprecedented view of the rest-frame optical spectra of a representative sample of distant star-forming galaxies .	We investigate the locations of z~2.3 MOSDEF galaxies in multiple emission-line diagnostic diagrams .	We recover the well-known offset in the star-forming sequence of high-redshift galaxies in the [ OIII ] /Hb vs. [ NII ] /Ha BPT diagram relative to SDSS star-forming galaxies .
+3	The Casimir effect , in the cases of two parallel plates and the solid ball , is explained in terms of the pressure caused by the photons .	In previous works Suppes and de Barros used a pure particle model to derive interference effects , where individual photons have well-defined trajectories , and hence no wave properties .	In the present paper we extend that description to account for the Casimir effect .	We consider that the linear momentum $ \sum\frac { 1 } { 2 } \hbar { \bf k } $ of the vacuum state in quantum electrodynamics corresponds to the linear momentum of virtual photons .	Contrary to quantum electrodynamics , we assume a finite number of virtual photons .
+4	These results are then applied to show that the monodromy representation associated to a family $ C\to S $ of $ n $ -pointed , genus $ g $ , stable curves of compact type , i.e.the induced homomorphism $ \pi_1 ( S , \xi ) \to\pi_1 ( \widetilde { \cal M } _ { g , n } , [ C_\xi ] ) $ ( where , $ \widetilde { \cal M } _ { g , n } $ denotes the moduli stack of $ n $ -pointed , genus $ g $ , stable curves of compact type ) , characterizes trivial and isotrivial families .	Let $ { \cal M } _ { g , n } $ , for $ 2g-2+n & gt ; 0 $ , be the moduli stack of $ n $ -pointed , genus $ g $ , smooth curves .	For a family $ C\to S $ of such curves over a connected base and a geometric point $ \xi $ on $ S $ , the associated monodromy representation is the induced homomorphism $ \pi_1 ( S , \xi ) \to\pi_1 ( { \cal M } _ { g , n } , [ C_\xi ] ) $ on algebraic fundamental groups .	It is well known that , if $ S $ is irreducible , reduced and locally of finite type over a field $ k $ of characteristic zero , the fibre $ C_\xi $ and the corresponding monodromy representation determine the relative isomorphism class of the family .	In the first part of the paper , it is shown that suitable quotients of this representation suffice .
+3	PDQ enables flow preemption to approximate a range of scheduling disciplines .	Today 's data centers face extreme challenges in providing low latency .	However , fair sharing , a principle commonly adopted in current congestion control protocols , is far from optimal for satisfying latency requirements .	We propose Preemptive Distributed Quick ( PDQ ) flow scheduling , a protocol designed to complete flows quickly and meet flow deadlines .	For example , PDQ can emulate a shortest job first algorithm to give priority to the short flows by pausing the contending flows .
+3	From the relaxation dynamics we find an evidence for the presence of a fine structure in the electronic density of states around ~13 meV from the Fermi energy .	We measured the temperature and fluence dependence of the time-resolved photoinduced optical reflectivity in a decagonal Al_ { 71.9 } Ni_ { 11.1 } Co_ { 17.0 } quasicrystal .	We find no evidence for the relaxation of a hot thermalized electron gas as observed in metals .	Instead , a quick diffusion of the hot nonthermal carries ~40 nm into the bulk is detected enhanced by the presence of a broad ~1 eV pseudogap .	The structure is related to a weak bottleneck for the carrier relaxation observed at low temperatures .
+2	The commonly accepted strength of this resonance , $ \omega \gamma = 1.13 \pm 0.07 $ eV , has been misinterpreted as the strength in the center-of-mass frame when it is actually the strength in the laboratory frame .	The $ ^ { 20 } $ Ne $ ( p , \gamma ) ^ { 21 } $ Na reaction is the starting point of the NeNa cycle , which is an important process for the production of intermediate mass elements .	The $ E_ { \text { cm } } = 1113 $ keV resonance plays an important role in the determination of stellar rates for this reaction since it is used to normalize experimental direct capture yields at lower energies .	This has motivated a new measurement of the $ E_ { \text { cm } } = 1113 $ keV resonance strength in $ ^ { 20 } $ Ne $ ( p , \gamma ) ^ { 21 } $ Na using the DRAGON recoil mass spectrometer .	The DRAGON result , $ 0.972 \pm 0.11 $ eV , is in good agreement with the accepted value when both are calculated in the same frame of reference .
+0	After simultaneous compactification of spacetime and worldvolume on $ K3 $ , the $ D=10 $ heterotic fivebrane with gauge group $ SO ( 32 ) $ behaves like a $ D=6 $ heterotic string with gauge group $ SO ( 28 ) \times SU ( 2 ) $ , but with Kac -- Moody levels different from those of the fundamental string .	Thus the string/fivebrane duality conjecture in $ D=10 $ gets replaced by a string/string duality conjecture in $ D=6 $ .	Since $ D=6 $ strings are better understood than $ D=10 $ fivebranes , this provides a more reliable laboratory in which to test the conjecture .	According to string/string duality , the Green -- Schwarz factorization of the $ D=6 $ spacetime anomaly polynomial $ I_ { 8 } $ into $ X_4\ , \tilde { X } _4 $ means that just as $ X_4 $ is the $ \sigma $ -model anomaly polynomial of the fundamental string worldsheet so $ \tilde { X } _4 $ should be the corresponding polynomial of the dual string worldsheet .	To test this idea we perform a classical dual string calculation of $ \tilde { X } _4 $ and find agreement with the quantum fundamental string result .
+1	It contains another scalar doublet and three additional singlet fermions ( N_i ) , all odd under a Z_2 symmetry .	The scotogenic model is one of the simplest scenarios for physics beyond the Standard Model that can account for neutrino masses and dark matter at the TeV scale .	In this paper , we examine the possibility that the dark matter candidate , N_1 , does not reach thermal equilibrium in the early Universe so that it behaves as a Feebly Interacting Massive Particle ( FIMP ) .	In that case , it is found that the freeze-in production of dark matter is entirely dominated by the decays of the odd scalars .	We compute the resulting dark matter abundance and study its dependence with the parameters of the model .
+4	A simple criterion allows to distinguish between the two scenarios and its validity is reproduced by direct hydrodynamical simulations .	Reaction fronts evolving in a porous medium exhibit a rich dynamical behaviour .	In presence of an adverse flow , experiments show that the front slows down and eventually gets pinned , displaying a particular sawtooth shape .	Extensive numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic equations confirm the experimental observations .	Here we propose a stylized model , predicting two possible outcomes of the experiments for large adverse flow : either the front develops a sawtooth shape , or it acquires a complicated structure with islands and overhangs .
+3	In Sec.2 we show how to eliminate any backward-traveling components , first in the case of ideal NDW pulses , and then , in Sec.3 , for realistic finite-energy NDW pulses .	This work deals with exact solutions to the wave equations .	We start by introducing the Non-Diffracting Waves ( NDW ) , and by a definition of NDWs .	Afterwards we recall -besides ordinary waves ( gaussian beams , gaussian pulses ) - the simplest non diffracting waves ( Bessel beams , X-shaped pulses , ... ) .	In particular , in subsec.3.1 we forward a general functional expression for any totally-forward non-diffracting pulses .
+1	Within the Glauber dynamics we use different rules for the order in which the sites are updated .	We investigate the spreading of damage in the three-dimensional Ising model by means of large-scale Monte-Carlo simulations .	We find that the stationary damage values and the spreading temperature are different for different update order .	In particular , random update order leads to larger damage and a lower spreading temperature than regular order .	Consequently , damage spreading in the Ising model is non-universal not only with respect to different update algorithms ( e.g.Glauber vs. heat-bath dynamics ) as already known , but even with respect to the order of sites .
+2	Here we discuss BCs in LGT , which model a cold exterior of the lattice volume .	In lattice gauge theory ( LGT ) equilibrium simulations of QCD are usually performed with periodic boundary conditions ( BCs ) .	In contrast to that deconfined regions created in heavy ion collisions are bordered by the confined phase .	Subsequently we perform Monte Carlo ( MC ) simulations of pure SU ( 3 ) LGT with a thus inspired simple change of BCs using volumes of a size comparable to those typically encountered in the BNL relativistic heavy ion collider ( RHIC ) experiment .	Corrections to the usual LGT results survive in the finite volume continuum limit and we estimate them as function of the volume size .
+0	The Weak Turbulence Theory has been applied to waves in thin elastic plates obeying the F\ '' oppl-Von K\'arm\'an dynamical equations .	Subsequent experiments have shown a strong discrepancy between the theoretical predictions and the measurements .	Both the dynamical equations and the Weak Turbulence Theory treatment require some restrictive hypotheses .	Here a direct numerical simulation of the F\ '' oppl-Von K\'arm\'an equations is performed and reproduces qualitatively and quantitatively the experimental results when the experimentally measured damping rate of waves $ \gamma_\mathbf { k } = a + bk^2 $ is used .	This confirms that the F\ '' oppl-Von K\'arm\'an equations are a valid theoretical framework to describe our experiments .
+0	This paper proposes a set of new error criteria and learning approaches , Adaptive Normalized Risk-Averting Training ( ANRAT ) , to attack the non-convex optimization problem in training deep neural networks ( DNNs ) .	Theoretically , we demonstrate its effectiveness on global and local convexity lower-bounded by the standard $ L_p $ -norm error .	By analyzing the gradient on the convexity index $ \lambda $ , we explain the reason why to learn $ \lambda $ adaptively using gradient descent works .	In practice , we show how this method improves training of deep neural networks to solve visual recognition tasks on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets .	Without using pretraining or other tricks , we obtain results comparable or superior to those reported in recent literature on the same tasks using standard ConvNets + MSE/cross entropy .
+3	Since the disk mass is usually small , this is a direct measurement of the stellar mass .	We have used the high sensitivity and resolution of the IRAM interferometer to produce sub-arcsecond 12CO 2-1 images of 9 protoplanetary disks surrounding T Tauri stars in the Taurus-Auriga cloud ( 7 singles and 2 binaries ) .	The images demonstrate the disks are in Keplerian rotation around their central stars .	Using the least square fit method described in Guilloteau and Dutrey ( 1998 ) , we derive the disk properties , in particular its inclination angle and rotation velocity , hence the dynamical mass .	Typically , we reach an internal precision of 10 % in the determinations of stellar mass .
+0	We study the time structure of vacuum jet evolution via a simple uncertainty principle estimate in the kinematic range explored by current heavy ion collisions at the LHC .	We observe that a large fraction of the partonic splittings occur at large times , of the order of several fm .	We compare the time distribution of vacuum splittings with the distribution of path lengths traversed by jets in a heavy ion collision .	We find that if no medium induced modification of the jet dynamics were present , a very large fraction ( larger than 80 % for inclusive jets ) of the jet splittings would occur outside of the medium .	We confront this observation with current available data on jet properties in heavy ion collisions and discuss its implications for the dynamics of jet-medium interactions .
+0	New near-infrared galaxy counts in the J and K bands are presented over a total area of 0.70 and 0.97 degrees^2 , respectively .	The limiting magnitudes of the deepest regions are 19.5 in J and 18.0 in K. At J & gt ; 16 and K & gt ; 15 our J and K-band counts number counts agree well with existing surveys provided all data are corrected to a common magnitude scale .	There are real differences from field to field , and the ELAIS N1 and N2 fields show an overdensity of J & lt ; 16 , K & lt ; 15 galaxies .	The slopes of log N ( m ) / dm are 0.40 to 0.45 at 15 & lt ; K & lt ; 18 and 16 & lt ; J & lt ; 19.5 .	Our counts favor galaxy models with a high normalization of the local luminosity function and without strong evolution .
+1	We include both scenarios with CP-conserving and CP-violating couplings .	We perform global fits to general two-Higgs doublet models ( 2HDMs ) with generalized couplings using the most updated data from ATLAS , CMS , and Tevatron .	By relaxing the requirement on the discrete symmetries that are often imposed on the Yukawa couplings , we try to see which of the 2HDMs is preferred .	We found that ( i ) Higgcision in 2HDMs can be performed efficiently by using only 4 parameters including the charged Higgs contributions to the Higgs couplings to two photons , ( ii ) the differences among various types of 2HDMs are very small with respect to the chi-square fits , ( iii ) $ \tan\beta $ is constrained to be small , ( iv ) the $ p $ -values for various fits in 2HDMs are worse than that of the standard model .	Finally , we put emphasis on our findings that future precision measurements of the Higgs coupling to the scalar top-quark bilinear ( $ C_u^S $ ) and $ \tan\beta $ may endow us with the discriminating power among various types of 2HDMs especially when $ C_u^S $ deviates from its SM value 1 .
+4	For the background we compute the leading order fully differential cross section for the dominant contribution coming from $ q\bar { q } $ annihilation into $ Z $ and $ \gamma $ gauge bosons , including the contribution from the resonant $ Z\rightarrow 2e2\mu $ process .	Kinematic distributions in the decays of the newly discovered resonance to four leptons are a powerful test of the tensor structure of its couplings to electroweak gauge bosons .	We present an analytic calculation for both signal and background of the fully differential cross section for the `Golden Channel ' $ e^+e^-\mu^+\mu^- $ final state .	We include all interference effects between intermediate gauge bosons and allow them to be on- or off-shell .	For the signal we compute the fully differential cross section for general scalar couplings to $ ZZ $ , $ \gamma\gamma $ , and $ Z\gamma $ .
+1	We apply this duality to scattering processes that occur via Pomeron exchange .	In the past decade overwhelming evidence has emerged for a conjectured duality between a wide class of gauge theories in d dimensions and string theories on asymptotically AdS_ { d+1 } spaces .	First we develop the Pomeron in string theory , as done by Brower , Polchinski , Strassler and Tan , showing that it naturally emerges as the Regge Trajectory of the AdS graviton .	Next we apply the AdS Pomeron to the study of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering ( DVCS ) , and see that our model gives good results when compared to HERA data .	We then show how we can extend our results to double Pomeron exchange , and apply it to developing a formalism for the study of double diffractive Higgs production .
+0	Could social media data aid in disaster response and damage assessment ?	Countries face both an increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters due to climate change .	And during such events , citizens are turning to social media platforms for disaster-related communication and information .	Social media improves situational awareness , facilitates dissemination of emergency information , enables early warning systems , and helps coordinate relief efforts .	Additionally , spatiotemporal distribution of disaster-related messages helps with real-time monitoring and assessment of the disaster itself .
+3	For startup `` quenches '' into the unstable region , the instability usually occurs before the intrinsic constitutive curve can be attained so we analyse the fluctuations with respect to the homogeneous startup flow to find the selected length and time scales at which inhomogeneity first emerges .	Motivated by experiments on wormlike micelles , we study the early stages of the shear banding instability using a two-fluid Johnson-Segalman model .	We perform a linear stability analysis for coupled fluctuations in shear rate , micellar strain and concentration about an initially homogeneous state .	First we calculate the `` spinodal '' onset of instability in sweeps along the intrinsic constitutive curve .	In the uncoupled limit , fluctuations in shear rate and micellar strain are independent of those in concentration , and are unstable when the intrinsic constitutive curve has negative slope ; but no length scale is selected .
+2	We show that the QCD pseudoscalar glueball is lighter than the pure Yang-Mills theory glueball studied in quenched lattice calculations .	We study whether the pseudoscalar glueball mass in full QCD can differ from the prediction of quenched lattice calculations .	Using properties of the correlator of the vacuum topological susceptibility we derive an expression for the upper bound on the QCD glueball mass .	The mass difference between those two states is of order of $ 1/N_c $ .	The value calculated for the $ 0^ { -+ } $ QCD glueball mass can not be reconciled with any physical state observed so far in the corresponding channel .
+1	In contrast , traditional incoherent light sources , such as thermal sources or light emitting diodes ( LEDs ) , provide relatively low power per independent spatial mode .	The spatial coherence of laser sources has limited their application to parallel imaging and projection due to coherent artifacts , such as speckle .	Here , we present a chip-scale , electrically-pumped semiconductor laser based on a novel design , demonstrating high power per mode with much lower spatial coherence than conventional laser sources .	The laser resonator was fabricated with a chaotic , D-shaped cavity optimized to achieve highly multimode lasing .	Lasing occurs simultaneously and independently in ~1000 modes , and hence the total emission exhibits very low spatial coherence .
+2	The back-reaction of fluctuations can be described by an effective energy-momentum tensor .	The presence of cosmological perturbations affects the background metric and matter configuration in which the perturbations propagate .	This effect , studied a long time ago for gravitational waves , also is operational for scalar gravitational fluctuations , inhomogeneities which are believed to be more important in inflationary cosmology .	The issue of coordinate invariance makes the analysis more complicated for scalar fluctuations than for gravitational waves .	We show that the back-reaction of fluctuations can be described in a diffeomorphism-invariant way .
+1	This model includes collective expansion of the droplet , effects of the vacuum pressure and surface tension .	We present a simple model of a multi-quark droplet evolution based on the hydrodynamical description .	The hadron emission from the droplet is described following Weisskopf 's statistical model .	We have considered evolution of baryon-free droplets which have different initial temperatures and expansion rates .	As a typical trend we observe an oscillating behavior of the droplet radius superimposed with a gradual shrinkage due to the hadron emission .
+4	The possibility of DM contribution to the high energy $ \bar p/p $ data is discussed .	The first measurement on the antiproton to proton ratio made by the AMS-02 collaboration agrees with the expection from conventional cosmic-ray secondaries in the kinetic energy range $ \sim 10-100 $ GeV , which can be turned into stringent upper limits on the dark matter ( DM ) annihilation cross sections above $ \sim 300 $ GeV .	Using the GALPROP code , we derive the upper limits in various propagation models and DM profiles .	We show that in the `` conventional '' propagation model , for the $ q\bar q $ , $ b\bar b $ , and $ WW $ final states , the constraints can be more stringent than that derived from the recent Ferm-LAT gamma-ray data on the dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies .	Making use of the typical minimal , median and maximal models obtained from a previous global fit , we show that the variation of the upper limits is around a factor of five .
+0	For maintaining gauge invariance in a magnetic field , the heat current operator should include the magnetic term .	Taking this term into account , we revised calculations of the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect above the superconducting transition .	We found that the fluctuations of the modulus of the order parameter do not change the particle-hole asymmetry ( PHA ) of the thermomagnetic effects .	As in the normal state , the thermomagnetic effects in the fluctuation region are proportional to the square of PHA and , therefore , small .	Large Nernst effect observed in the high- $ T_c $ cuprates requires vortex-like excitations due to the phase fluctuations , which are beyond the Gaussian-fluctuation theory .
+0	A 2D lattice model defined on a triangular lattice with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions based on the Taylor-Socolar monotile is known to have a limit-periodic ground state .	The system reaches that state during a slow quench through an infinite sequence of phase transitions .	We study the model as a function of the strength of the next-nearest-neighbor interactions , and introduce closely related 3D models with only nearest-neighbor interactions that exhibit limit-periodic phases .	For models with no next-nearest-neighbor interactions of the Taylor-Socolar type , there is a large degenerate classes of ground states , including crystalline patterns and limit-periodic ones , but a slow quench still yields the limit-periodic state .	For the Taylor-Socolar lattice model , we present calculations of the diffraction pattern for a particular decoration of the tile that permits exact expressions for the amplitudes , and identify domain walls that slow the relaxation times in the ordered phases .
+2	We give the linear response solution for this problem in a random matrix framework .	Fidelity decay is studied for quantum many-body systems with a dominant independent particle Hamiltonian resulting e.g.from a mean field theory with a weak two-body interaction .	The diagonal terms of the interaction are included in the unperturbed Hamiltonian , while the off-diagonal terms constitute the perturbation that distorts the echo .	While the ensemble average shows no surprising behavior , we find that the typical ensemble member as represented by the median displays a very slow fidelity decay known as `` freeze '' .	Numerical calculations confirm this result and show , that the ground state even on average displays the freeze .
+1	A test has been discovered which is independent of these selection effects and is based upon the kinematics of CVs ( Kolb & amp ; Stehle , 1996 ) .	Although a large number of orbital periods of cataclysmic variable stars ( CVs ) have been measured , comparison of period and luminosity distributions with evolutionary theory is affected by strong selection effects .	If the standard models of evolution are correct then long-period ( P_orb & gt ; 5 hrs ) CVs should be typically less than 1.5 Gyr old , and their line-of-sight velocity dispersion ( $ \sigma_\gamma $ ) should be small .	We present results from a pilot study which indicate that this postulate is indeed true .	Four long-period dwarf novae ( EM Cyg , V426 Oph , SS Cyg and AH Her ) were observed over a complete orbit , in order that accurate radial velocities be obtained .
+4	For larger angular momentum or for a smaller range of the short distance cutoff , the equilibrium configuration consists of a central core and an equatorial ring .	Low energy states of self-gravitating systems with finite angular momentum are considered .	A constraint is introduced to confine cores and other condensed objects within the system boundaries by gravity alone .	This excludes previously observed astrophysically irrelevant asymmetric configurations with a single core .	We show that for an intermediate range of a short-distance cutoff and small angular momentum , the equilibrium configuration is an asymmetric binary .
+3	This allows to investigate different assumptions about the stellar turbulent spectrum .	The acoustic power injected by turbulent convection into solar-like oscillations depends on the details of the turbulent spectrum .	A theoretical formulation for the oscillation power is developed which generalizes previous ones .	The formulation is first calibrated on a solar model in such a way as to reproduce the solar seismic data .	We next explore consequences of the assumed turbulent description for some potentially solar-like oscillating stars .
+4	We conclude that the initial swelling phase is mechanically slowed down by microtubules , while the volume recovery is driven by passive diffusion of osmolites .	We present investigations on volume regulation and beading shape transitions in PC12 neurites conducted using a flow-chamber technique .	By disrupting the cell cytoskeleton with specific drugs we investigate the role of its individual components in the volume regulation response .	We find that microtubule disruption increases both swelling rate and maximum volume attained , but does not affect the ability of the neurite to recover its initial volume .	In addition , investigation of axonal beading -- also known as pearling instability -- provides additional clues on the mechanical state of the neurite .
+0	Blazars are expected to produce both gamma rays and cosmic rays .	Therefore , observed high-energy gamma rays from distant blazars may contain a significant contribution from secondary gamma rays produced along the line of sight by the interactions of cosmic-ray protons with background photons .	Unlike the standard models of blazars that consider only the primary photons emitted at the source , models which include the cosmic-ray contribution predict that even ~10 TeV photons should be detectable from distant objects with redshifts as high as z & gt ; 0.1 .	Secondary photons contribute to signals of point sources only if the intergalactic magnetic fields are very small , below ~10 femtogauss , and their detection can be used to set upper bounds on magnetic fields along the line of sight .	Secondary gamma rays have distinct spectral and temporal features .
+4	Large scale low density region is also found in another microquasar system , H 1743-322 .	Two relativistic X-ray jets have been detected with the Chandra X-ray observatory in the black hole X-ray transient XTE J1550-564 .	We report a full analysis of the evolution of the two jets with a gamma-ray burst external shock model .	A plausible scenario suggests a cavity outside the central source and the jets first travelled with constant velocity and then are slowed down by the interactions between the jets and the interstellar medium ( ISM ) .	The best fitted radius of the cavity is ~0.36 pc on the eastern side and ~0.46 pc on the western side , and the densities also show asymmetry , of ~0.015 cm $ ^ { -3 } $ on the east to ~0.21 cm $ ^ { -3 } $ on the west .
+4	After finding that familiar techniques were not fruitful , they made incorrect predictions based on one of two equally important factors .	We analyze the problem solving strategies of physics professors in a case where their physical intuition fails .	A non-intuitive introductory-level problem was identified and posed to twenty physics professors .	The problem placed the professors in a situation often encountered by students , and their response highlights the importance of intuition and experience in problem solving .	While professors had difficulty in solving the problem under the time constraint , they initially employed a systematic approach , e.g. , visualizing the problem , considering various conservation laws , and examining limiting cases .
+0	Data for phi - & gt ; gamma ( eta-pizero ) are analysed using the KK loop model and compared with parameters of a0 ( 980 ) derived from Crystal Barrel data .	The eta-pi mass spectrum agrees closely and the absolute normalisation lies just within errors .	However , BES parameters for fo ( 980 ) predict a normalisation for phi - & gt ; gamma ( pizero-pizero ) at least a factor 2 lower than is observed .	This discrepancy may be eliminated by including constructive interference between fo ( 980 ) and sigma .	The magnitude required for sigma - & gt ; KK is consistent with data on pi-pi - & gt ; KK .
+1	This is achieved by modeling the tornadoes intensity , measured with the Fujita scale , as a stochastic process .	We propose a statistical approach to tornadoes modeling for predicting and simulating occurrences of tornadoes and accumulated cost distributions over a time interval .	Since the Fujita scale divides tornadoes intensity into six states , it is possible to model the tornadoes intensity by using Markov and semi-Markov models .	We demonstrate that the semi-Markov approach is able to reproduce the duration effect that is detected in tornadoes occurrence .	The superiority of the semi-Markov model as compared to the Markov chain model is also affirmed by means of a statistical test of hypothesis .
+1	However , when the fractality arises , the mechanics principles may no more be extended especially because the time and space singularity appears on the boundary and creates curvature .	Il is argued that the generalisation of the mechanical principles to other variables than localisation , velocity and momentum leads to the laws of generalized dynamics under the condition of continuous and derivable space time .	There is no more equilibrium state , but only a horizon which might play a same role as equilibrium but does not close the problem - especially the problem of the invariance of the energy - which requires two complementary factors : a first one related to the closure in the dimensional space , and the second to scan dissymmetry stemming from the default of tilling the space time .	A new discreet time arises from fractality .	It leads irreversible thermodynamic properties .
+2	The result conforms with the previously noted pattern among hot-Jupiter hosts , namely , that the hosts lacking thick convective envelopes have high obliquities .	We measure a tilt of 86+-6 deg between the sky projections of the rotation axis of the WASP-7 star , and the orbital axis of its close-in giant planet .	This measurement is based on observations of the Rossiter-McLaughlin ( RM ) effect with the Planet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan II telescope .	Because the planet 's trajectory crosses a wide range of stellar latitudes , observations of the RM effect can in principle reveal the stellar differential rotation profile ; however , with the present data the signal of differential rotation could not be detected .	The host star is found to exhibit radial-velocity noise ( `` stellar jitter ' ) with an amplitude of ~30m/s over a timescale of days .
+2	Starting from a fluid of un-cross-linked polymers and small polymer clusters ( sol ) and increasing the cross-link density , a continuous gelation transition occurs .	Motivated by the structure of networks of cross-linked cytoskeletal biopolymers , we study the orientationally ordered phases in two-dimensional networks of randomly cross-linked semiflexible polymers .	We consider permanent cross-links which prescribe a finite angle and treat them as quenched disorder in a semi-microscopic replica field theory .	In the resulting gel , the semiflexible chains either display long range orientational order or are frozen in random directions depending on the value of the crossing angle , the crosslink concentration and the stiffness of the polymers .	A crossing angle $ \theta\sim 2\pi/M $ leads to long range $ M $ -fold orientational order , e.g. , `` hexatic '' or `` tetratic '' for $ \theta=60^ { \circ } $ or $ 90^ { \circ } $ , respectively .
+1	We use a linear Hele-Saw cell filled with a suspension which is displaced by air , leading to a Saffman-Taylor ( fingering ) instability .	We study the injection of air in a granular suspension .	For the suspension , we use an iso-dense mixture where the fluid and the particles have the same density .	The volume fraction of particles can thus be adjusted over a wide range .	We discuss the question of an effective rheology inside the cell as well as the pattern formation as a function of the granular compacity .
+2	We complement our UVES data set with previously published absorption-line data on Ti/Ca for redshifts up to z~3.8 .	To explore the role of titanium- and calcium-dust depletion in gas in and around galaxies we systematically study Ti/Ca abundance ratios in intervening absorption-line systems at low and high redshift .	We investigate high-resolution optical spectra obtained by the UVES instrument at the Very Large Telescope and spectroscopically analyze 34 absorption-line systems at z & lt ; =0.5 to measure column densities ( or limits ) for CaII and TiII .	Our absorber sample contains 110 absorbers ( DLAs , sub-DLAs & amp ; LLSs ) .	We compare our Ti/Ca findings with results from the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds and discuss the properties of Ti/Ca absorbers in the general context of quasar absorption-line systems.Our analysis indicates that there are two distinct populations of absorbers with either high or low Ti/Ca ratios with a separation at [ Ti/Ca } ] ~1 .
+1	We investigate the relation between the vacuum curvature emission and Cherenkov emission and argue , that for the superluminal motion of a particle in the inhomogeneous magnetic field in a dielectric , the combined effects of magnetic field inhomogeneity and presence of a medium give rise to the synergetic Cherenkov-curvature emission process .	Electromagnetic processes associated with a charged particle moving in a strong circular magnetic field is considered in cylindrical coordinates .	We find the conditions when the operator relations between electric field and electric displacement in cylindrical coordinates may be approximated by algebraic relations .	For nonresonant electromagnetic wave the interaction with particles streaming along the curved magnetic field may be described in the WKB approximation .	For the resonant waves interacting with superluminal particles we find a particular case of plane-wave-like approximation .
+2	In this case , a lack of polarization is expected in the region of the spot , as compared to the typical values associated to large fluctuations of a GIRF .	One of the most interesting explanations for the non-Gaussian Cold Spot ( CS ) detected in the WMAP data by Vielva et al .	2004 , is that it arises from the interaction of the CMB radiation with a cosmic texture ( Cruz et al.2007b ) .	In addition , other physical processes related to a non-linear evolution of the gravitational field could lead to a similar scenario .	However , some of these alternative scenarios ( e.g. , a large void in the large scale structure ) have been shown to be very unlikely .
+3	Here we report an ultra-high-resolution simulation that follows evolution from the earliest stages of galaxy formation through the period of dynamical relaxation .	The current understanding of galaxy formation is that it proceeds in a 'bottom up ' way , with the formation of small clumps of gas and stars that merge hierarchically until giant galaxies are built up .	The baryonic gas loses the thermal energy by radiative cooling and falls towards the centres of the new galaxies , while supernovae ( SNe ) blow gas out .	Any realistic model therefore requires a proper treatment of these processes , but hitherto this has been far from satisfactory .	The bubble structures of gas revealed in our simulation ( $ & lt ; 3\times10^8 $ years ) resemble closely the high-redshift Lyman $ \alpha $ emitters ( LAEs ) .
+0	Multisymplectic geometry is a generalization of symplectic geometry suitable for n-dimensional field theories , in which the nondegenerate 2-form of symplectic geometry is replaced by a nondegenerate ( n+1 ) -form .	The case n = 2 is relevant to string theory : we call this 2-plectic geometry .	Just as the Poisson bracket makes the smooth functions on a symplectic manifold into a Lie algebra , the observables associated to a 2-plectic manifold form a `` Lie 2-algebra '' , which is a categorified version of a Lie algebra .	Any compact simple Lie group G has a canonical 2-plectic structure , so it is natural to wonder what Lie 2-algebra this example yields .	This Lie 2-algebra is infinite-dimensional , but we show here that the sub-Lie-2-algebra of left-invariant observables is finite-dimensional , and isomorphic to the already known `` string Lie 2-algebra '' associated to G. So , categorified symplectic geometry gives a geometric construction of the string Lie 2-algebra .
+2	Results : We find a self-similar solution for the dynamical evolution of self-gravitating { \alpha } -disks and derive the significant quantities .	Aims : We investigate the suitability of { \alpha } -viscosity in self-similar models for self-gravitating disks with a focus on active galactic nuclei ( AGN ) disks .	Methods : We use a self-similar approach to simplify the partial differential equations arising from the evolution equation , which are then solved using numerical standard procedures .	In the Keplerian part of the disk our model is consistent with standard stationary { \alpha } -disk theory , and self-consistent throughout the self-gravitating regime .	Positive accretion rates throughout the disk demand a high degree of self-gravitation .
+2	We identify a critical value of the linear gain , separating the possible decay of solutions to the trivial zero-state , from collapse .	We examine conditions for finite-time collapse of the solutions of the higher-order nonlinear Schr\ '' odinger ( NLS ) equation incorporating third-order dispersion , self-steepening , linear and nonlinear gain and loss , and Raman scattering ; this is a system that appears in many physical contexts as a more realistic generalization of the integrable NLS .	By using energy arguments , it is found that the collapse dynamics is chiefly controlled by the linear/nonlinear gain/loss strengths .	The numerical simulations , performed for a wide class of initial data , are found to be in very good agreement with the analytical results , and reveal long-time stability properties of localized solutions .	The role of the higher-order effects to the transient dynamics is also revealed in these simulations .
+3	The kinematics of oscillations can be either prescribed or can result dynamically from the presence of an external oscillating velocity field .	Recent experiments showed that standing acoustic waves could be exploited to induce self-propulsion of rigid metallic particles in the direction perpendicular to the acoustic wave .	We propose in this paper a physical mechanism for these observations based on the interplay between inertial forces in the fluid and the geometrical asymmetry of the particle shape .	We consider an axisymmetric rigid near-sphere oscillating in a quiescent fluid along a direction perpendicular to its symmetry axis .	Steady streaming in the fluid , the inertial rectification of the time-periodic oscillating flow , generates steady stresses on the particle which , in general , do not average to zero , resulting in a finite propulsion speed along the axis of the symmetry of the particle and perpendicular to the oscillation direction .
+1	The notion of fractal properties of a set refers to the box dimension , the Minkowski content and their appropriate generalizations , or , in wider sense , to the epsilon-neighborhoods of sets , for small , positive values of parameter epsilon .	The thesis deals with recognizing diffeomorphisms from fractal properties of discrete orbits , generated by iterations of such diffeomorphisms .	In the first part of the thesis , we consider the relation between the multiplicity of the fixed point of a real-line diffeomorphism , and the asymptotic behavior of the length of the epsilon-neighborhoods of its orbits .	We establish the bijective correspondence .	At the fixed point , the diffeomorphisms may be differentiable or nondifferentiable .
+4	We obtain a more refined description of the border between these two regimes by setting the inverse temperature to $ \kappa/\sqrt { n } + \alpha_n $ where $ 0 & lt ; \alpha_n \ll 1/\sqrt { n } $ and analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the variance .	We consider a model for a directed polymer in a random environment defined on a hierarchical diamond lattice in which i.i.d .	random variables are attached to the lattice bonds .	Our focus is on scaling schemes in which a size parameter $ n $ , counting the number of hierarchical layers of the system , becomes large as the inverse temperature $ \beta $ vanishes .	When $ \beta $ has the form $ \hat { \beta } /\sqrt { n } $ for a parameter $ \hat { \beta } & gt ; 0 $ , we show that there is a cutoff value $ 0 & lt ; \kappa & lt ; \infty $ such that as $ n \to \infty $ the variance of the normalized partition function tends to zero for $ \hat { \beta } \leq \kappa $ and grows without bound for $ \hat { \beta } & gt ; \kappa $ .
+2	An exact solution without ageing is found .	We introduce an age-structured asexual population model containing all the relevant features of evolutionary ageing theories .	Beneficial as well as deleterious mutations , heredity and arbitrary fecundity are present and managed by natural selection .	We show that fertility is associated with generalized forms of the Fibonacci sequence , while mutations and natural selection are merged into an integral equation which is solved by Fourier series .	Average survival probabilities and Malthusian growth exponents are calculated indicating that the system may exhibit mutational meltdown .
+1	We improve the Arakelov inequality for the direct images of powers of the dualizing sheaf .	This survey article discusses some results on the structure of families f : V -- & gt ; U of n-dimensional manifolds over quasi-projective curves U , with semistable reduction over a compactification Y of U .	For families of Abelian varieties we recall the characterization of Shimura curves by Arakelov equalities .	For families of curves we recall the characterization of Teichmueller curves in terms of the existence of certain sub variation of Hodge structures .	We sketch the proof that the moduli scheme of curves of genus g & gt ; 1 can not contain compact Shimura curves , and that it only contains a non-compact Shimura curve for g=3 .
+4	We consider the extinction window of this model in the finite mean-field case , where there are $ n $ sites but movement is allowed to any site ( the complete graph ) .	We study a model of growing population that competes for resources .	At each time step , all existing particles reproduce and the offspring randomly move to neighboring sites .	Then at any site with more than one offspring , the particles are annihilated .	This is a nonmonotone model , which makes the analysis more difficult .
+0	Starting from Holstein 's work on small polaron hopping , the evolution equations for localized and extended states in the presence of atomic vibrations are systematically derived for an amorphous semiconductor .	The transition probabilities are obtained for transitions between all combinations of localized and extended states .	For any transition process involving a localized state , the activation energy is not simply the energy difference between the final and initial states ; the reorganization energy of atomic configuration is also included as an important part of the activation energy ( Marcus form ) .	The activation energy for the transitions between localized states decreases with rising temperature and leads to the Meyer-Neldel rule .	The predicted Meyer-Neldel temperatures are consistent with observations in several materials .
+0	We measure atom number statistics after splitting a gas of ultracold 87Rb atoms in a purely magnetic double-well potential created on an atom chip .	Well below the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation T_c , we observe reduced fluctuations down to -4.9dB below the atom shot noise level .	Fluctuations rise to more than +3.8dB close to T_c , before reaching the shot noise level for higher temperatures .	We use two-mode and classical field simulations to model these results .	This allows us to confirm that the super-shot noise fluctuations directly originate from quantum statistics .
+0	Gaussian random fields are a powerful tool for modeling environmental processes .	For high dimensional samples , classical approaches for estimating the covariance parameters require highly challenging and massive computations , such as the evaluation of the Cholesky factorization or solving linear systems .	Recently , Anitescu , Chen and Stein \cite { M.Anitescu } proposed a fast and scalable algorithm which does not need such burdensome computations .	The main focus of this article is to study the asymptotic behavior of the algorithm of Anitescu et al .	( ACS ) for regular and irregular grids in the increasing domain setting .
+0	Quantum information processing ( QIP ) requires thorough assessment of decoherence .	Atoms or ions prepared for QIP often become addressed by radiation within schemes of alternating microwave-optical double resonance .	A well-defined amount of decoherence may be applied to the system when spurious resonance light is admitted simultaneously with the driving radiation .	This decoherence is quantified in terms of longitudinal and transversal relaxation .	It may serve for calibrating observed decoherence as well as for testing error-correcting quantum codes .
+3	If one restricted the allowed coordinate transformations to those with positive Jacobian determinants ( or prescribed an equivalent constraint ) , then the RR scheme could be accommodated ; however , such a restriction is illegal since electrodynamics is , in fact , also covariant under transformations with negative Jacobians .	Da Rocha and Rodigues ( RR ) claim ( i ) that in classical electrodynamics in vector calculus the distinction between polar and axial vectors and in exterior calculus between twisted and untwisted forms is inappropriate and superfluous , and ( ii ) that they can derive the Lorentz force equation from Maxwell 's equations .	As to ( i ) , we point out that the distinction of polar/axial and twisted/untwisted derives from the property of the electric charge of being a pure scalar , that is , not carrying any screw sense .	Therefore , the mentioned distinctions are necessary ingredients in any fundamental theory of electrodynamics .	As to ( ii ) , the `` derivation '' of the Lorentz force from Maxwell 's equations , we point out that RR forgot to give the symbol F ( the field strength ) in Maxwell 's equations an operational meaning in the first place .
+2	Furthermore , all four-loop contributions involving simultaneously a closed electron and tau loop are computed .	We present results for the QED contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon containing closed electron loops .	The main focus is on perturbative corrections at four-loop order where the external photon couples to the external muon .	In combination with our recent results on the light-by-light-type corrections ( see Ref .	\cite { Kurz:2015bia } ) the complete four-loop electron-loop contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon has been obtained with an independent calculation .
+3	The clump effective optical depth is well approximated as a power law in $ \tau_0 $ with power-law index , $ \epsilon $ , referred to here as the clump `` fluffiness , '' and has values between zero and unity .	An improved formulation for the X-factor is proposed .	The statement that the velocity-integrated radiation temperature of the $ \COone $ line , $ I ( \CO ) $ , `` counts '' optically thick clumps is quantified using the formalism of \citet { Martin84 } for line emission in a clumpy cloud .	Adopting the simplifying assumptions of thermalized $ \COone $ line emission and isothermal gas , an effective optical depth , $ \tef $ , is defined as the product of the clump filling factor within each velocity interval and the clump effective optical depth as a function of the optical depth on the clump 's central sightline , $ \tau_0 $ .	While the $ \COone $ line is optically thick within each clump ( i.e. , high $ \tau_0 $ ) , it is optically thin `` to the clumps '' ( i.e. , low $ \tef $ ) .
+1	The effect of target photon mass , which manifests itself as new singly polarised structure functions is studied .	We present a systematic analysis of the processes $ e^+ ~e^- \rightarrow e^+ ~e^- X $ to study the polarised and unpolarised photon structure functions .	The physical interpretation of these structure functions in terms of hadronic components is given using the free field analysis .	Assuming factorisation of the photon structure tensor , the relevant QCD corrections to the various structure functions are evaluated .	The effect of the target photon mass and QCD corrections on the unpolarised and polarised cross sections are also studied .
+2	In both cases , the conditions imply a strong restriction on the Kahler geometry and constrain the vector of auxiliary fields defining the Goldstino direction to lie in a certain cone .	We further develop on the study of the conditions for the existence of locally stable non-supersymmetric vacua with vanishing cosmological constant in supergravity models involving only chiral superfields .	Starting from the two necessary conditions for flatness and stability derived in a previous paper ( which involve the Kahler metric and its Riemann tensor contracted with the supersymmetry breaking auxiliary fields ) we show that the implications of these constraints can be worked out exactly not only for factorizable scalar manifolds , but also for symmetric coset manifolds .	We then apply these results to the various homogeneous coset manifolds spanned by the moduli and untwisted matter fields arising in string compactifications , and discuss their implications .	Finally , we also discuss what can be said for completely arbitrary scalar manifolds , and derive in this more general case some explicit but weaker restrictions on the Kahler geometry .
+4	We show that in that case 3-sums will not suffice .	Seymour 's Decomposition Theorem for regular matroids states that any matroid representable over both GF ( 2 ) and GF ( 3 ) can be obtained from matroids that are graphic , cographic , or isomorphic to R10 by 1- , 2- , and 3-sums .	It is hoped that similar characterizations hold for other classes of matroids , notably for the class of near-regular matroids .	Suppose that all near-regular matroids can be obtained from matroids that belong to a few basic classes through k-sums .	Also suppose that these basic classes are such that , whenever a class contains all graphic matroids , it does not contain all cographic matroids .
+0	A deep ( R ~ 19.5 ) photographic Halpha Survey of the southern Galactic Plane was recently completed using the UK Schmidt Telescope at the AAO .	In addition , we have recently started a similar , CCD-based survey of the northern Galactic Plane using the Wide Field Camera on the INT .	Both surveys aim to provide information on many types of emission line objects , such as planetary nebulae , luminous blue variables and interacting binaries .	Here , we focus specifically on the ability of Halpha emission line surveys to discover cataclysmic variables ( CVs ) .	Follow-up observations have already begun , and we present initial spectra of a candidate CV discovered by these surveys .
+0	A purely left-chiral model of the weak interactions is used to show that the total parity-violating asymmetry in quark-quark scattering must grow with increasing energy .	In the absence of other new physics , non-observation of a large asymmetry can therefore be used to infer an upper bound on the mass scale for new right-chiral weak vector bosons .	Applying this idea to actual nucleon-nucleon scattering requires more involved calculations , as the dominant contribution appears to come from a component of diquark-quark scattering related to , but not identical to , wavefunction-mixing .	Earlier criticism of this model by Simonius and Unger is refuted and a new calculation is proposed as an additional check on the result .	Finally , we argue that the so-called `spin crisis ' does not affect our conclusions .
+1	In each round it chooses from a time-invariant set of alternatives and receives the payoff associated with this alternative .	In a multi-armed bandit ( MAB ) problem , an online algorithm makes a sequence of choices .	While the case of small strategy sets is by now well-understood , a lot of recent work has focused on MAB problems with exponentially or infinitely large strategy sets , where one needs to assume extra structure in order to make the problem tractable .	In particular , recent literature considered information on similarity between arms .	We consider similarity information in the setting of `` contextual bandits '' , a natural extension of the basic MAB problem where before each round an algorithm is given the `` context '' -- a hint about the payoffs in this round .
+1	However , previous work using this technique has not made clear how the set of hydrogen-bond constraints included in the rigidity analysis should be chosen , nor how sensitive the results of rigidity analysis are to small structural variations .	Rigidity analysis using the `` pebble game '' has been applied to protein crystal structures to obtain information on protein folding , assembly and t he structure-function relationship .	We present a comparative study in which `` pebble game '' rigidity analysis is applied to multiple protein crystal structures , for each of six differen t protein families .	We find that the mainchain rigidity of a protein structure at a given hydrogen-bond energy cutoff is quite sensitive to small structural variations , and conclude that the hydrogen bond constraints in rigidity analysis should be chosen so as to form and test specific hypotheses about the rigidity o f a particular protein .	Our comparative approach highlights two different characteristic patterns ( `` sudden '' or `` gradual '' ) for protein rigidity loss as constraints are re moved , in line with recent results on the rigidity transitions of glassy networks .
+1	The prerequisites for any type of quantum formalism or quantum field theory is to investigate whether the anatomical structure of brain permits any kind of smooth geometric notion like Hilbert structure or four dimensional Minkowskian structure for quantum field theory .	The recent controversy of applicability of quantum formalism to brain dynamics has been critically analysed .	The present understanding of brain function clearly denies any kind of space-time representation in Minkowskian sense .	However , three dimensional space and one time can be assigned to the neuromanifold and the concept of probabilistic geometry is shown to be appropriate framework to understand the brain dynamics .	The possibility of quantum structure is also discussed in this framework .
+1	Although the dust in disks is relatively easily detected as a far-IR photometric `` excess '' over the expected photospheric emission , much less is known about the gas phase .	The physical and chemical conditions in young protoplanetary disks set the boundary conditions for planet formation .	It seems clear that an abrupt transition from massive optically thick disks ( gas-rich structures where only ~1 % of the total mass is in the form of dust ) to tenuous debris disks almost devoid of gas occurs at ~10^7 years , by which time the majority of at least the giant planets must have formed .	Indeed , these planets are largely gaseous and thus they must assemble before the gas disk dissipates .	Spectroscopic studies of the disk gas content at different evolutive stages are thus critical .
+4	The Coulomb branches of the corresponding uncompactified theories have been previously determined by E. Witten using the M-theory fivebrane .	We study solutions of the Bogomolny equation on R^2\times S^1 $ with prescribed singularities .	We show that Nahm transform establishes a one-to-one correspondence between such solutions and solutions of the Hitchin equations on a punctured cylinder with the eigenvalues of the Higgs field growing at infinity in a particular manner .	The moduli spaces of solutions have natural hyperkahler metrics of a novel kind .	We show that these metrics describe the quantum Coulomb branch of certain N=2 d=4 supersymmetric gauge theories on R^3\times S^1 .
+2	The image center is located at RA = 18h43m53s , DEC = 03D52'55 '' ( hereafter , AX J1843.8-0352 ) .	ASCA discovered an extended source in the Scutum constellation .	The X-ray morphology is an elliptical shape elongated from north to south with a mean diameter of about 10 ' .	The north and south rims of AX J1843.8-0352 are associated with non-thermal radio sources C and F of the G28.6-0.1 complex ( Helfand et al.1989 ) .	The X-ray spectrum was fitted with a model of either a thin thermal plasma in non-equilibrium ionization of a temperature 5.4 keV or a power-law of photon index 2.1 .
+0	We construct the higher-spin massive fermionic fields in 2+1 dimensions .	Their field equations and propagators are derived from first principle .	For fields with j & gt ; 1/2 , complications arise from the non-linear behaviour of the boost operators .	We find that for a spin-three-half field , the non-linearity have an underlying structure that guarantees the locality of the fields and the existence of covariant propagators .	We conjecture that this structure exists for fields of all spin .
+1	The continuum observations with a synthesized beam of ~0.25 '' resolve both sources and recover the expected flux .	We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array ( ALMA ) observations of two high-redshift systems ( SMMJ02399-0136 and the Cloverleaf QSO ) in their rest-frame 122 micron continuum ( ~650 GHz or ~450 micron on-sky ) and [ NII ] 122 micron line emission .	The Cloverleaf is resolved into a partial Einstein ring , while the SMMJ02399-0136 is unambiguously separated into two components ; an AGN associated point source and an extend region at the location of a previously identified dusty starburst .	We detect the [ NII ] line in both systems , though significantly weaker than our previous detections made with the 1st generation z ( Redshift ) and Early Universe Spectrometer .	We show that this discrepancy is mostly explained if the line flux is resolved out due to significantly more extended emission and longer ALMA baselines than expected .
+2	For those who perform bibliometric analyses and comparisons of countries or institutions , the existence of these two major databases raises the important question of the comparability and stability of statistics obtained from different data sources .	For more than 40 years , the Institute for Scientific Information ( ISI , now part of Thomson Reuters ) produced the only available bibliographic databases from which bibliometricians could compile large-scale bibliometric indicators .	ISI 's citation indexes , now regrouped under the Web of Science ( WoS ) , were the major sources of bibliometric data until 2004 , when Scopus was launched by the publisher Reed Elsevier .	This paper uses macro-level bibliometric indicators to compare results obtained from the WoS and Scopus .	It shows that the correlations between the measures obtained with both databases for the number of papers and the number of citations received by countries , as well as for their ranks , are extremely high ( R2 & gt ; .99 ) .
+1	We extend the states space and fields according to the duplication rules of TFD and construct the corresponding classical action .	We study the application of the rules of Thermo Field Dynamics ( TFD ) to the covariant formulation of Open String Field Theory ( OSFT ) .	The result is interpreted as a theory whose fields would encode the statistical information of open strings .	The physical spectrum of the free theory is studied through the cohomology of the extended BRST charge , and , as a result , we get new fields in the spectrum emerging by virtue of the quantum entanglement and , noticeably , it presents degrees of freedom that could be identified as those of closed strings .	We also show , however , that their appearing in the action is directly related to the choice of the inner product in the extended algebra , so that different sectors of fields could be eliminated from the theory by choosing that product conveniently .
+3	The simplicity of our model enables us to investigate in detail their development as a function of bond-length , with little computational effort , and derive properties of their features in the dissociation limit .	A two-electron one-dimensional model of a heteroatomic molecule composed of two open-shell atoms is considered .	Including only two electrons isolates and examines the effect that the highest occupied molecular orbital has on the Kohn-Sham potential as the molecule dissociates .	We reproduce the characteristic step and peak that previous high-level wavefunction methods have shown to exist for real molecules in the low-density internuclear region .	We show that the onset of the step is coincident with the internuclear separation at which an avoided crossing between the ground-state and lowest charge-transfer excited state is approached .
+3	The sharp phase boundaries between the structural phases are observed to align with the crystal planes of the hexagonal LuFeO3 phase .	The structural transition at about 1000 { \deg } C , from the hexagonal to the orthorhombic phase of LuFeO3 , has been investigated in thin films of LuFeO3 .	Separation of the two structural phases of LuFeO3 occurs on a length scale of micrometer , as visualized in real space using X-ray photoemission electron microscopy ( X-PEEM ) .	The results are consistent with X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy obtained from LuFeO3 thin films undergoing the irreversible structural transition from the hexagonal to the orthorhombic phase of LuFeO3 , at elevated temperatures .	The coexistence of different structural domains indicates that the irreversible structural transition , from the hexagonal to the orthorhombic phase in LuFeO3 , is a first order transition , for epitaxial hexagonal LuFeO3 films grown on Al2O3 .
+2	We discuss results of the investigation of the phenomena of quantum resonances in the AOKR .	We review the theoretical model and experimental realization of the atom optics $ \delta- $ kicked rotor ( AOKR ) , a paradigm of classical and quantum chaos .	We have performed a number of experiments with an all-optical Bose-Einstein condensate ( BEC ) in a periodic standing wave potential in an AOKR system .	An interesting feature of the momentum distribution of the atoms obtained as a result of short pulses of light , is the variance of the momentum distribution or the kinetic energy $ & lt ; p^ { 2 } & gt ; /2m $ in units of the recoil energy $ E_ { rec } = \hbar \omega_ { rec } $ .	The energy of the system is examined as a function of pulse period for a range of kicks that allow the observation of quantum resonances .
+2	To illustrate this concept we study viscous flow within an elastic cylinder under compressive axial force .	Viscous flows within an elastic structure apply stress on the solid-liquid interface .	The stress-field created by the viscous flow can be utilized to counter stress created by external forces and thus may be applied as a tool for delaying the onset of structural failure .	We obtain a closed-form expression showing an approximately linear relation between the critical buckling load and the liquid inlet pressure .	Our results are validated by numerical computations .
+1	Since the resulting gamma-ray emissivity depends on the target density , the detection of rapid variability in microquasars with GLAST and the new generation of Cherenkov imaging arrays could be used to probe the clumped structure of the stellar wind .	In the subclass of high-mass X-ray binaries known as `` microquasars '' , relativistic hadrons in the jets launched by the compact object can interact with cold protons from the star 's radiatively driven wind , producing pions that then quickly decay into gamma rays .	We show here that the fluctuation in gamma rays can be modeled using a `` porosity length '' formalism , usually applied to characterize clumping effects .	In particular , for a porosity length defined by h=l/f , i.e.as the ratio of the characteristic size l of clumps to their volume filling factor f , we find that the relative fluctuation in gamma-ray emission in a binary with orbital separation a scales as sqrt ( h/pi a ) in the `` thin-jet '' limit , and is reduced by a factor 1/sqrt ( 1 + phi a/ ( 2 l ) ) for a jet with a finite opening angle phi .	For a thin jet and quite moderate porosity length h ~ 0.03 a , this implies a ca .
+1	In this formulation the utility of consumption at any given time depends only on the amount consumed at that time .	The `` standard '' Merton formulation of optimal investment and consumption involves optimizing the integrated lifetime utility of consumption , suitably discounted , together with the discounted future bequest .	However , it is both theoretically and empirically reasonable that an individuals utility of consumption would depend on past consumption history .	Economists term this `` Habit Formation '' .	We introduce a new formulation of habit formation which allows non-addictive consumption patterns for a wide variety of utility specification .
+0	This paper studies the asymptotic power of tests of sphericity against perturbations in a single unknown direction as both the dimensionality of the data and the number of observations go to infinity .	We establish the convergence , under the null hypothesis and contiguous alternatives , of the log ratio of the joint densities of the sample covariance eigenvalues to a Gaussian process indexed by the norm of the perturbation .	When the perturbation norm is larger than the phase transition threshold studied in Baik , Ben Arous and Peche [ Ann.Probab .	33 ( 2005 ) 1643-1697 ] the limiting process is degenerate , and discrimination between the null and the alternative is asymptotically certain .	When the norm is below the threshold , the limiting process is nondegenerate , and the joint eigenvalue densities under the null and alternative hypotheses are mutually contiguous .
+1	In this work we apply recent general results on the spectrum of coset space models and on supergroup WZNW models to study the conformal sigma model with target space S^ { 3|2 } .	Sigma models on coset superspaces , such as odd dimensional superspheres , play an important role in physics and in particular the AdS/CFT correspondence .	We construct its vertex operators and provide explicit formulas for their anomalous dimensions , at least to leading order in the sigma model coupling .	The results are used to revisit a non-perturbative duality between the supersphere and the OSP ( 4|2 ) Gross-Neveu model that was conjectured by Candu and Saleur .	With the help of powerful all-loop results for 1/2 BPS operators in the Gross-Neveu model we are able to recover the entire zero mode spectrum of the sigma model at a certain finite value of the Gross-Neveu coupling .
+2	The spectroscopic indicators provide accurate atmospheric parameters of $ T_ { eff } $ =6500 K , $ log g=1.0 $ and $ \xi_t = 5.5 km/s $ for IRAS 2223+4327 and $ T_ { eff } $ =7000 K , $ log g=1.0 $ and $ \xi_t = 4.0 km/s $ for IRAS 04296+3429 .	We present a detailed chemical analysis on the basis of high-resolution , high signal-to-noise optical spectra of two post-AGB objects IRAS 22223+4327 and IRAS 04296+3429 .	Both display the unidentified $ 21 \mu m $ feature in their IR-spectra .	Both photospheres are found to be metal-deficient with [ Fe/H ] = -0.4 and -0.7 respectively .	C and N are found to be overabundant .
+2	We also present evidence for an additional heating mechanism and discuss possible sources .	We study the long-time evolution of the ion temperature in an expanding ultracold neutral plasma using spatially resolved , laser-induced-fluorescence spectroscopy .	Adiabatic cooling reduces the ion temperature by an order of magnitude during the plasma expansion , to temperatures as low as 0.2 K. Cooling is limited by heat exchange between ions and the much hotter electrons .	Data are described by a model of the plasma evolution , including the effects of ion-electron heat exchange .	We show that for appropriate initial conditions , the degree of Coulomb coupling of ions in the plasma increases during expansion .
+0	The high-T_c cuprate superconductors are now believed to be intrinsically inhomogeneous .	We develop a theory to describe how this inhomogeneity affects the intermodulation coefficient of such a material .	We show that the continuum equations describing intermodulation in a superconducting layer with spatially varying properties are formally equivalent to those describing an inhomogeneous dielectric with a nonzero cubic nonlinearity .	Using this formal analogy , we calculate the effect of inhomogeneity on the intermodulation coefficient in a high-T_c material , using several assumptions about the topology of the layer , and some simple analytical approximations to treat the nonlinearity .	For some topologies , we find that the intermodulation critical supercurrent density J_ { IMD } is actually enhanced compared to a homogeneous medium , thereby possibly leading to more desirable material properties .
+3	To display an error band , correlations in the fit parameters must be taken into account .	Comparisons of lattice-QCD calculations of semileptonic form factors with experimental measurements often display two sets of points , one each for lattice QCD and experiment .	Here we propose to display the output of a lattice-QCD analysis as a curve and error band .	This is justified , because lattice-QCD results rely in part on fitting , both for the chiral extrapolation and to extend lattice-QCD data over the full physically allowed kinematic domain .	For the statistical error , the correlation comes from the fit .
+2	We study the system classically and quantum mechanically in view of obtaining a correspondence in the two descriptions .	Integrability of a square billiard is spontaneously broken as it rotates about one of its corners .	The system becomes quasi-integrable where the invariant tori are broken with respect to a certain parameter , $ \lambda = 2E/\omega^ { 2 } $ where E is the energy of the particle inside the billiard and $ \omega $ is the angular frequency of rotation of billiard .	Classical phase space in Poincar\ ' { e } surface of section shows transition from regular to chaotic motion as the parameter $ \lambda $ is decreased .	In the Quantum counterpart , the spectral statistics shows a transition from Poisson to Wigner distribution as the system turns chaotic with decrease in $ \lambda $ .
+0	Accreted helium layers on white dwarfs have been highlighted for many decades as a possible site for a detonation triggered by a thermonuclear runaway .	In this paper , we find the minimum helium layer thickness that will sustain a steady laterally propagating detonation and show that it depends on the density and composition of the helium layer , specifically C12 and O16 .	Detonations in these thin helium layers have speeds slower than the Chapman-Jouget ( CJ ) speed from complete helium burning , v_cj=1.5e9 cm/s .	Though gravitationally unbound , the ashes still have unburned helium ( ~ 80 % in the thinnest cases ) and only reach up to heavy elements such as Ca40 , Ti44 , Cr48 , and Fe52 .	It is rare for these thin shells to generate large amounts of Ni56 .
+0	We describe simple useful toy models for key processes of galaxy formation in its most active phase , at z & gt ; 1 , and test the approximate expressions against the typical behaviour in a suite of high-resolution hydro-cosmological simulations of massive galaxies at z = 4-1 .	We address in particular the evolution of ( a ) the total mass inflow rate from the cosmic web into galactic haloes based on the EPS approximation , ( b ) the penetration of baryonic streams into the inner galaxy , ( c ) the disc size , ( d ) the implied steady-state gas content and star-formation rate ( SFR ) in the galaxy subject to mass conservation and a universal star-formation law , ( e ) the inflow rate within the disc to a central bulge and black hole as derived using energy conservation and self-regulated Q ~ 1 violent disc instability ( VDI ) , and ( f ) the implied steady state in the disc and bulge .	The toy models provide useful approximations for the behaviour of the simulated galaxies .	We find that ( a ) the inflow rate is proportional to mass and to ( 1+z ) ^5/2 , ( b ) the penetration to the inner halo is ~50 % at z = 4-2 , ( c ) the disc radius is ~5 % of the virial radius , ( d ) the galaxies reach a steady state with the SFR following the accretion rate into the galaxy , ( e ) there is an intense gas inflow through the disc , comparable to the SFR , following the predictions of VDI , and ( f ) the galaxies approach a steady state with the bulge mass comparable to the disc mass , where the draining of gas by SFR , outflows and disc inflows is replenished by fresh accretion .	Given the agreement with simulations , these toy models are useful for understanding the complex phenomena in simple terms and for back-of-the-envelope predictions .
+0	Entanglement represents an important resource for quantum information processing , but its generation itself requires physical resources that are limited .	We propose a scheme for generating a wide class of entangled qudit-type states of optical field modes at sites separated by noisy medium when only weak optical nonlinearities are available at both sites .	The protocol is also based on exploiting a weak probe field , transmitted between the sites and used for generation of quantum correlations between two spatially separated field modes .	The idea of probabilistic entanglement enhancement by measurement is discussed , and corresponding scheme for measuring the probe field state with linear optics and photodetectors not resolving photon numbers is proposed .	It is shown that the protocol is applicable in the case when decoherence , limited efficiency and dark counts of photodetectors , and uncertainty of nonlinear coupling constants are present .
+2	We present a unified model for installing , managing , and publishing software contexts in R. It introduces the package manifest as a central data structure for representing version specific , decentralized package cohorts .	Science depends on collaboration , result reproduction , and the development of supporting software tools .	Each of these requires careful management of software versions .	The manifest points to package sources on arbitrary hosts and in various forms , including tarballs and directories under version control .	We provide a high-level interface for creating and switching between side-by-side package libraries derived from manifests .
+1	These interaction-dependent Wannier functions are used to compute the tunneling rate $ J $ and the on-site repulsion $ U $ in the Bose-Hubbard model .	We show that one can properly take into account of the interaction effects and construct a set of orthonormal Wannier functions for a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice .	Both parameters are found to be substantially different from ones calculated with the single-particle Wannier functions .	Our numerical results of $ U $ are found in good agreement with the measured on-site energy in a recent experiment [ Campbell { \it et al . }	Science { \bf 314 } , 281 ( 2006 ) ] .
+1	The width of the domain wall is assumed to be larger than the Fermi wave length , but smaller than other characteristic lengths ( for example , the ''magnetic '' length ) .	We study the proximity effect in superconductor-ferromagnet ( SF ) structure with a narrow domain wall ( DW ) at the SF interface .	The transmission coefficient is supposed to be small so that we deal with a weak proximity effect .	Solving the linearized Eilenberger equation , we find analytical expressions for quasiclassical Green 's functions .	These functions describe the short-range ( SR ) condensate components , singlet and triplet with zero projection of the total spin on the quantization z-axis , induced in F due to the proximity effect as well as long-range odd triplet component ( LRTC ) with a nonzero projection of the total spin of Cooper pairs on the $ z $ % -axis .
+4	Finally , we give two new examples of Calabi-Yau 3-folds of $ \mathbb { P } ^6 $ of degree 14 and 15 that are not deformation-equivalent to the previously known examples of these degrees in $ \mathbb { P } ^6 $ ( even though they share the same invariants $ ( H^3 , c_2\cdot H , c_3 ) $ and $ \rho=1 $ ) .	We give some examples of Calabi-Yau 3-folds with $ \rho=1 $ , defined over $ \mathbb { Q } $ and constructed as 4-codimensional subvarieties of $ \mathbb { P } ^7 $ via commutative algebra methods .	We explain how to deduce their Hodge diamond and top Chern classes from computer based computations over some finite field $ \mathbb { F } _ { p } $ .	Three of our examples are new .	These examples are built out of Gulliksen-Neg\r { a } rd and Kustin-Miller complexes of locally free sheaves .
+0	Computing the shortest path between two given locations in a road network is an important problem that finds applications in various map services and commercial navigation products .	The state-of-the-art solutions for the problem can be divided into two categories : spatial-coherence-based methods and vertex-importance-based approaches .	The two categories of techniques , however , have not been compared systematically under the same experimental framework , as they were developed from two independent lines of research that do not refer to each other .	This renders it difficult for a practitioner to decide which technique should be adopted for a specific application .	Furthermore , the experimental evaluation of the existing techniques , as presented in previous work , falls short in several aspects .
+3	We also allow for the inclusion of magnetic vector potentials .	We show that the Lieb-Thirring inequalities on moments of negative eigenvalues of Schroedinger-like operators remain true , with possibly different constants , when the critical Hardy-weight $ C|x|^ { -2 } $ is subtracted from the Laplace operator .	We do so by first establishing a Sobolev inequality for such operators .	Similar results are true for fractional powers of the Laplacian and the Hardy-weight and , in particular , for relativistic Schroedinger operators .	As an application , we extend , for the first time , the proof of stability of relativistic matter with magnetic fields all the way up to the critical value of the nuclear charge $ Z\alpha=2/\pi $ .
+4	This sign factor turns out to be essential for reproducing correctly the conformal field theory correlation function on the torus .	The generalized gluing and resmoothing theorem originally proved by LeClair , Peskin and Preitschopf , gives a powerful formula for the fused vertex obtained by contracting any two vertices in string field theories .	Although the theorem is naturally expected to hold for the vertices at any loop level , the original proof was restricted to the vertices at tree level .	Here we present a simplified proof for the tree level theorem and then prove explicitly the extended version at one-loop level .	We also find that a non-trivial sign factor , which depends on the string states to be contracted , appears in the theorem .
+0	( Abr ) The origin and structure of magnetic fields in Gamma-Ray Burst ( GRB ) fireball plasmas are two of the most important open questions in all GRB models .	We show that the structure and strength of the magnetic field may be constrained by radio and IR observations of the early afterglow , where plasma effects on the polarization of propagating radiation are significant .	We calculate these propagation effects for cold and relativistic plasmas , and find that in the presence of a uniform equipartition field the degree of linear polarization is suppressed , and circular polarization prevails at low frequencies , nu & lt ; 1-3 GHz , ( 2x10^11 Hz & lt ; nu & lt ; few x 10^14 Hz ) in the forward ( reverse ) shock .	At higher frequencies linear polarization dominates .	At the frequency of the transition between circular and linear polarization , the net level of polarization is minimal , ~10-20 % .
+1	With high sample quality and robust magnetism at low temperatures , the quantized Hall conductance of e2/h is found to persist even when the film thickness is beyond the two-dimensional ( 2D ) hybridization limit .	We investigate the quantum anomalous Hall Effect ( QAHE ) and related chiral transport in the millimeter-size ( Cr0.12Bi0.26Sb0.62 ) 2Te3 films .	Meanwhile , the Chern insulator-featured chiral edge conduction is manifested by the non-local transport measurements .	In contrast to the 2D hybridized thin film , an additional weakly field-dependent longitudinal resistance is observed in the 10 quintuple-layer film , suggesting the influence of the film thickness on the dissipative edge channel in the QAHE regime .	The extension of QAHE into the three-dimensional thickness region addresses the universality of this quantum transport phenomenon and motivates the exploration of new QAHE phases with tunable Chern numbers .
+1	Requiring also invariance of the symplectic metric yields U ( 1,3 ) as the invariance group , the inhomogeneous counterpart of which is the canonically relativistic group CR ( 1,3 ) = U ( 1,3 ) *s H ( 1,3 ) where H ( 1,3 ) is the Heisenberg Group in 4 dimensions and `` *s '' is the semidirect product .	Born proposed a unification of special relativity and quantum mechanics that placed position , time , energy and momentum on equal footing through a reciprocity principle and extended the usual position-time and energy-momentum line elements to this space by combining them through a new fundamental constant .	This is the counterpart in this theory of the Poincare group and reduces in the appropriate limit to the expected special relativity and classical Hamiltonian mechanics transformation equations .	This group has the Poincare group as a subgroup and is intrinsically quantum with the Position , Time , Energy and Momentum operators satisfying the Heisenberg algebra .	The representations of the algebra are studied and Casimir invariants are computed .
+4	When compactified on a two-torus , they have the same behaviour under $ S $ -duality as super Yang-Mills theory .	We describe a class of six-dimensional conformal field theories that have some properties in common with and possibly are related to a subsector of the tensionless string theories .	The latter theories can for example give rise to four-dimensional $ N = 4 $ superconformal Yang-Mills theories upon compactification on a two-torus .	Just like the tensionless string theories , our theories have an $ ADE $ -classification , but no other discrete or continuous parameters .	The Hilbert space carries an irreducible representation of the same Heisenberg group that appears in the tensionless string theories , and the `Wilson surface ' observables obey the same superselection rules .
+3	The trends observed are in stark contrast to the case of TBECs only with a harmonic confining potential .	We explore the collective excitations of optical lattices filled with two-species Bose-Einstein condensates ( TBECs ) .	We use a set of coupled discrete nonlinear Schr\ '' odinger equations to describe the system , and employ Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov ( HFB ) theory with the Popov approximation to analyze the quasiparticle spectra at zero temperature .	The ground state geometry , evolution of quasiparticle energies , structure of quasiparticle amplitudes , and dispersion relations are examined in detail .	One key observation is the quasiparticle energies are softened as the system is tuned towards phase separation , but harden after phase separation and mode degeneracies are lifted .
+1	We have come to conclusion that they are caused by magnetosonic oscillations of magnetic traps within the volume of hard-X-ray ( HXR ) loop-top sources .	In our recent paper ( Solar Physics 261 , 233 ) we investigated quasi-periodic oscillations of hard X-rays during impulsive phase of solar flares .	In the present paper we investigate four flares which show clear quasi-periodic sequences of HXR pulses .	We also describe our phenomenological model of oscillating magnetic traps to show that it can explain observed properties of HXR oscillations .	Main results are the following : 1 .
+4	Consequently , the majority of current models of cosmological reionization , chemical evolution , supermassive black hole formation , and galaxy formation underestimate the number of star forming progenitors of a given system by orders of magnitude .	The first luminous objects in the concordance cosmology form by molecular hydrogen cooling in dark matter dominated halos of masses ~10^6 M_sun .	We use Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement simulations to demonstrate that in the presence of a large soft ultraviolet radiation background , molecular hydrogen is the dominant coolant .	Even for very large radiation backgrounds , the halo masses that cool and collapse are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the halos that cool via atomic hydrogen line cooling .	The abundance of cooling halos and the cosmic mass fraction contained within them depends exponentially on this critical mass scale .
+0	This paper introduces semiopen and semiclosed soft sets in soft topological spaces .	The notions of interior and closure are generalized using these sets .	A detail study is carried out on properties of semiopen , semiclosed soft sets , semi interior and semi closure of a soft set in a soft topological space .	Various forms of soft functions , like semicontinuous , irresolute , semiopen soft functions are introduced and characterized .	Further soft semicompactness , soft semiconnectedness and soft semiseparation axioms are introduced and studied .
+0	We analyze the spatially resolved ( 250 pc scales ) and integrated star-formation ( SF ) law in the local luminous infrared galaxy ( LIRG ) IC4687 .	This is one of the first studies of the SF law on a starburst LIRG at these small spatial scales .	We combined new interferometric ALMA CO ( 2-1 ) data with existing HST/NICMOS Pa $ \alpha $ narrow-band imaging and VLT/SINFONI near-IR integral field spectroscopy to obtain accurate extinction corrected SF rate ( SFR ) and cold molecular gas surface densities ( $ \Sigma_ { gas } $ and $ \Sigma_ { SFR } $ ) .	We find that IC4687 forms stars very efficiently with an average depletion time ( $ t_ { dep } $ ) of 160 Myr for the individual 250 pc regions .	This is approximately one order of magnitude shorter than the $ t_ { dep } $ of local normal spirals and also shorter than that of main-sequence high-z objects , even when we use a Galactic $ \alpha_ { CO } $ conversion factor .
+3	The effects of frustration are discussed .	In this work we generalize and subsequently apply the Effective Field Renormalization Group technique to the problem of ferro- and antiferromagnetically coupled Ising spins with local anisotropy axes in geometrically frustrated geometries ( kagome and pyrochlore lattices ) .	In this framework , we calculate the various ground states of these systems and the corresponding critical points .	Excellent agreement is found with exact and Monte Carlo results .	As pointed out by other authors , it turns out that the spin ice model can be exactly mapped to the standard Ising model but with effective interactions of the opposite sign to those in the original Hamiltonian .
+3	Inference based on the Gibbs posterior is not straight- forward , however , because the finite-sample performance is highly sensitive to the scale of the loss function .	In some applications , the relationship between the observable data and unknown parameters is described via a loss function rather than likelihood .	In such cases , the standard Bayesian methodology can not be used , but a Gibbs posterior distribution can be constructed by appropriately using the loss in place of a likelihood .	Although misspecified by definition , Gibbs posteriors have a number of desirable properties ; for example , we show that the Gibbs posterior converges at the same rate as the corresponding M-estimator .	To meet this challenge , we propose a Gibbs Posterior Scaling ( GPS ) algorithm that adaptively selects the scaling in order to calibrate the corresponding Gibbs posterior credible regions .
+0	The product of the areas of the event horizon and the Cauchy horizon of a non-extremal black hole equals the square of the area of the horizon of the black hole obtained from taking the smooth extremal limit .	We establish this result for a large class of black holes using the second order equations of motion , black hole thermodynamics , and the attractor mechanism for extremal black holes .	This happens even though the area of each horizon generically depends on the moduli , which are asymptotic values of scalar fields .	The conformal field theory dual to the BTZ black hole facilitates a microscopic interpretation of the result .	In addition , we demonstrate that certain quantities which vanish in the extremal case are zero when integrated over the region between the two horizons .
+3	In experiments however , the physical domain is never perfectly Euclidean .	The spiral is one of Nature 's more ubiquitous shape : it can be seen in various media , from galactic geometry to cardiac tissue .	In the literature , very specific models are used to explain some of the observed incarnations of these dynamic entities .	Barkley first noticed that the range of possible spiral behaviour is caused by the Euclidean symmetry that these models possess .	The heart , for instance , is finite , anisotropic and littered with inhomogeneities .
+0	We present the results of the first successful observations of the Pie Town link with the Very Large Array ( VLA ) at 74 MHz on Hercules A .	The improvement in resolution from 25 arcsec to 10 arcsec resolves the helical- and ring-like features seen at higher frequencies .	We also present new high dynamic range images of this powerful radio galaxy at 325 MHz .	Our low frequency observations confirm the multiple outburst interpretation of the spectral index differences at high frequencies .	Comparison between our radio and ROSAT X-ray data does not reveal any association between the X-ray emission from the cluster and the radio lobes .
+0	We present new results from a continuing 5 GHz search for flaring radio emission from a sample of L and T brown dwarfs , conducted with the 305-m Arecibo radio telescope .	In addition to the previously reported flaring from the T6.5-dwarf 2MASS J10475385+212423 , we have detected and confirmed circularly polarized flares from another T6-dwarf , WISEPC J112254.73+255021.5 .	Although the flares are sporadic , they appear to occur at a stable period of 0.288 hours .	Given the current constraints , periods equal to its second and third subharmonic can not be ruled out .	The stability of this period over the 8-month timespan of observations indicates that , if real , it likely reflects the star 's rapid rotation .
+0	The many-body Green 's function theory with the random-phase approximation is applied to the study of easy-plane spin-1/2 ferromagnets in an in-plane magnetic field .	We demonstrate that the usual procedure , in which only the three Green 's functions $ & lt ; & lt ; S_i^\mu ; S_j^- & gt ; & gt ; $ ( $ \mu=+ , - , z $ ) are used , yields unreasonable results in this case .	Then the problem is discussed in more detail by considering all combinations of Green 's functions .	We can derive one more equation , which can not be obtained by using only the set of the above three Green 's functions , and point out that the two equations contradict each other if one demands that the identities of the spin operators are exactly satisfied .	We discuss the cause of the contradiction and attempt to improve the method in a self consistent way .
+2	An important tool of his proof is the subadditive ergodic theorem .	The convergence of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process to the solution of the Burgers equation is a classical result .	In his seminal 1981 paper , Herman Rost proved the convergence of the density fields and local equilibrium when the limiting solution of the equation is a rarefaction fan .	We prove his results by showing how second class particles transport the rarefaction-fan solution , as characteristics do for the Burgers equation , avoiding subadditivity .	In the way we show laws of large numbers for tagged particles , fluxes and second class particles , and simplify existing proofs in the shock cases .
+3	It is shown that a much richer resonant picture would be observable for higher relaxation times of charge carriers : more resonances appear and transmission can be totally suppressed .	Resonance diffraction in the periodic array of graphene micro-ribbons is theoretically studied following a recent experiment [ L. Ju et al , Nature Nanotech .	6 , 630 ( 2011 ) ] .	Systematic studies over a wide range of parameters are presented .	The comparison with the absorption cross-section of a single ribbon shows that the resonant features of the periodic array are associated with leaky plasmonic modes .
+0	We describe the behavior of a perturbed 5-dimensional black string subject to the Gregory-Laflamme instability .	We show that the horizon evolves in a self-similar manner , where at any moment in the late-time development of the instability the horizon can be described as a sequence of 3-dimensional spherical black holes of varying size , joined by black string segments of similar radius .	As with the initial black string , each local string segment is itself unstable , and this fuels the self-similar cascade to ( classically ) arbitrarily small scales ; in the process the horizon develops a fractal structure .	In finite asymptotic time , the remaining string segments shrink to zero-size , yielding a naked singularity .	Since no fine-tuning is required to excite the instability , this constitutes a generic violation of cosmic censorship .
+4	In this paper , we present a unified treatment of the universal rigidity problem based on the geometry of spectrahedra .	A bar framework ( G , p ) in dimension r is a graph G whose vertices are points p^1 , ... , p^n in R^r and whose edges are line segments between pairs of these points .	Two frameworks ( G , p ) and ( G , q ) are equivalent if each edge of ( G , p ) has the same ( Euclidean ) length as the corresponding edge of ( G , q ) .	A pair of non-adjacent vertices i and j of ( G , p ) is universally linked if ||p^i-p^j||=||q^i-q^j|| in every framework ( G , q ) that is equivalent to ( G , p ) .	Framework ( G , p ) is universally rigid iff every pair of non-adjacent vertices of ( G , p ) is universally linked .
+0	Time-periodic driving like lattice shaking offers a low-demanding method to generate artificial gauge fields in optical lattices .	We identify the relevant symmetries that have to be broken by the driving function for that purpose and demonstrate the power of this method by making concrete proposals for its application to two-dimensional lattice systems : We show how to tune frustration and how to create and control band touching points like Dirac cones in the shaken kagom\'e lattice .	We propose the realization of a topological and a quantum spin Hall insulator in a shaken spin-dependent hexagonal lattice .	We describe how strong artificial magnetic fields can be achieved for example in a square lattice by employing superlattice modulation .	Finally , exemplified on a shaken spin-dependent square lattice , we develop a method to create strong non-Abelian gauge fields .
+4	These conditions also imply the existence of a conditional expectation onto a canonical subalgebra .	We investigate recent uniqueness theorems for reduced $ C^* $ -algebras of Hausdorff \ ' { e } tale groupoids in the context of inverse semigroups .	In many cases the distinguished subalgebra is closely related to the structure of the inverse semigroup .	In order to apply our results to full $ C^* $ -algebras , we also investigate amenability .	More specifically , we obtain conditions that guarantee amenability of the universal groupoid for certain classes of inverse semigroups .
+1	But due to requirement for model-specific derivation of the optimization equations and unclear inference quality in various models , it is not widely used as a generic approximate inference algorithm .	The mean field methods , which entail approximating intractable probability distributions variationally with distributions from a tractable family , enjoy high efficiency , guaranteed convergence , and provide lower bounds on the true likelihood .	In this paper , we discuss a generalized mean field theory on variational approximation to a broad class of intractable distributions using a rich set of tractable distributions via constrained optimization over distribution spaces .	We present a class of generalized mean field ( GMF ) algorithms for approximate inference in complex exponential family models , which entails limiting the optimization over the class of cluster-factorizable distributions .	GMF is a generic method requiring no model-specific derivations .
+4	The resulting formalism is in principle exact , applicable to interacting systems , with arbitrary time-dependent external fields .	A quantum dissipation theory is formulated in terms of hierarchically coupled equations of motion for an arbitrary electronic system coupled with grand canonical Fermion bath ensembles .	The theoretical construction starts with the second -- quantization influence functional in path integral formalism , in which the Fermion creation and annihilation operators are represented by Grassmann variables .	Time -- derivatives on influence functionals are then performed in a hierarchical manner , on the basis of calculus -- on -- path -- integral algorithm .	Both the multiple -- frequency -- dispersion and the non-Markovian reservoir parametrization schemes are considered for the desired hierarchy construction .
+3	One of our objectives is to show how cooperation can be stimulated without assuming cooperation links between the transmitters but only by repeating the corresponding PC game and by signals from the receiver .	We consider the problem of cooperation in distributed wireless networks of selfish and free transmitters aiming at maximizing their energy-efficiency .	The strategy of each transmitter consists in choosing his power control ( PC ) policy .	Two scenarios are considered : the case where transmitters can update their power levels within time intervals less than the channel coherence time ( fast PC ) and the case where it is updated only once per time interval ( slow PC ) .	In order to design efficient PC policies , standard and stochastic repeated games are respectively exploited to analyze the fast and slow PC problems .
+0	Almost 35 years since their suggestion as a good solution to the strong CP-problem , axions remain one of the few viable candidates for the Dark Matter , although still eluding detection .	Most of the methods for their detection are based on their coupling to photons , one of the most sensitive ones being the helioscope technique .	We report on the current status of the CERN Axion Solar Telescope and the future International Axion Observatory ( IAXO ) .	Recent results from the second part of CAST phase II , where the magnet bores were filled with 3He gas at variable pressure achieving sensibilities on the axion mass up to 1.2 eV , are presented .	Currently , CAST is expecting to improve its sensitivity to solar axions with rest mass below 0.02 eV/c^2 after the upgrade of the X-ray detectors and with the implementation of a second X-ray optic .
+2	We compare the results based on the XMM data with those obtained from a higher resolution Chandra/HETG spectrum , using the same line-based analysis technique .	The young active star AB Dor ( K1 IV-V ) has been observed 16 times in the last three years with the XMM-Newton and Chandra observatories , totalling 650 ks of high-resolution X-ray spectra .	The XMM/RGS observations with the highest and lowest average emission levels have been selected to study the coronal properties of AB Dor in two different activity levels .	We have reconstructed the plasma Emission Measure Distribution vs. temperature ( EMD ) in the range log T ( K ) ~ 6.1-7.6 , and we have determined the coronal abundances of AB Dor , obtaining consistent results between the two instruments.The overall shape of the EMD is also consistent with the one previously inferred from EUVE data .	The EMD shows a steep increase up to the peak at log T ( K ) ~ 6.9 and a substantial amount of plasma in the range log T ( K ) ~ 6.9-7.3 .
+4	This is shown to be a generic feature of models in which the coupling involves the creation of a light quark pair with spin-one and the quark spin wavefunctions are conserved .	In quark potential models the hyperfine splitting of P-wave mesons is zero in the nonrelativistic limit , a prediction strikingly confirmed by experiment in both charmonia and bottomonia .	The result , however , ignores the coupling of bare quarkonia to meson-meson pairs .	This coupling causes mass shifts among the states and so could potentially spoil the quark model prediction .	This turns out not to be the case : in a variety of models the hyperfine splitting remains small despite large mass shifts .
+1	We start with a quantum-mechanical model and describe various properties that can be asked of a hidden-variable model .	Hidden variables are extra components added to try to banish counterintuitive features of quantum mechanics .	We present six such properties and a Venn diagram of how they are related .	With two existence theorems and three no-go theorems ( EPR , Bell , and Kochen-Specker ) , we show which properties of empirically equivalent hidden-variable models are possible and which are not .	Formally , our treatment relies only on classical probability models , and physical phenomena are used only to motivate which models to choose .
+2	As the universe expands , however , the shape of the potential rapidly changes and the local minimum eventually disappears .	In the SU ( 2 ) _ { L } x U ( 1 ) _ { Y } standard electroweak theory coupled with the Einstein gravity , new topological configurations naturally emerge , if the spatial section of the universe is globally a three-sphere ( S^3 ) with a small radius .	The SU ( 2 ) _L gauge fields and Higgs fields wrap the space nontrivially , residing at or near a local minimum of the potential .	The fields then start to roll down towards the absolute minimum .	In the absence of the U ( 1 ) _Y gauge interaction the resulting space is a homogeneous and isotropic S^3 , but the U ( 1 ) _Y gauge interaction necessarily induces anisotropy while preserving the homogeneity of the space .
+3	We begin our paper by reviewing Rozansky 's conjecture and the main ideas that lead to its proof .	In 1999 , Rozansky conjectured the existence of a rational presentation of the Kontsevich integral of a knot .	Roughly speaking , this rational presentation of the Kontsevich integral would sum formal power series into rational functions with prescribed denominators .	Rozansky 's conjecture was soon proven by the second author .	The natural question of extending this conjecture to links leads to the class of boundary links , and a proof of Rozansky 's conjecture in this case .
+4	Following the attractive fact that the decisions in game-theoretic models are exactly coincident with those in self-organizing optimization , i.e. , distributed and autonomous , we establish a framework of game-theoretic solutions for self-organizing optimization in CSCs , and propose some featured game models .	In this article , we investigate self-organizing optimization for cognitive small cells ( CSCs ) , which have the ability to sense the environment , learn from historical information , make intelligent decisions , and adjust their operational parameters .	By exploring the inherent features , some fundamental challenges for self-organizing optimization in CSCs are presented and discussed .	Specifically , the dense and random deployment of CSCs brings about some new challenges in terms of scalability and adaptation ; furthermore , the uncertain , dynamic and incomplete information constraints also impose some new challenges in terms of convergence and robustness .	For providing better service to the users and improving the resource utilization , four requirements for self-organizing optimization in CSCs are presented and discussed .
+3	In quest for the answer we examine here , via Monte Carlo simulations , the dynamics of two BPs in a lattice gas of bath particles .	A particle driven by an external force in a molecular crowding environment - a quiescent bath of other particles , makes their spatial distribution inhomogeneous : the bath particles accumulate in front of the biased particle ( BP ) and are depleted behind .	In fact , a BP travels together with the inhomogeneity it creates .	A natural question is what will happen with two BPs when they appear sufficiently close to each other such that the inhomogeneities around each of them start to interfere ?	We observe that for a sufficiently dense medium , surprisingly , both BPs spend most of the time together which signifies that the interference of the microstructural inhomogeneities results in effectively attractive interactions between them .
+0	Recent studies show that volume fractions $ \phiJ $ at the jamming transition of frictionless hard spheres and discs are not uniquely determined but exist over a continuous range .	Motivated by this observation , we numerically investigate dependence of $ \phiJ $ on the initial configurations of the parent fluids equilibrated at a fraction $ \phiini $ , before compressing to generate a jammed packing .	We find that $ \phiJ $ remains constant when $ \phiini $ is small but sharply increases when $ \phiini $ exceeds the dynamic transition point which the mode-coupling theory predicts .	We carefully analyze configurational properties of both jammed packings and parent fluids and find that , while all jammed packings remain isostatic , the increase of $ \phiJ $ is accompanied with subtle but distinct changes of ( i ) local orders , ( ii ) a static length scale , and ( iii ) an exponent of the finite size scaling .	These results quantitatively support the scenario of the random first order transition theoryof the glass transition .
+1	The choices of bases for these measurements as well as the structure of the entanglements specify a quantum algorithm .	In one-way quantum computation ( 1WQC ) model , universal quantum computations are performed using measurements to designated qubits in a highly entangled state .	As scalable and reliable quantum computers have not been implemented yet , quantum computation simulators are the only widely available tools to design and test quantum algorithms .	However , simulating the quantum computations on a standard classical computer in most cases requires exponential memory and time .	In this paper , a general direct simulator for 1WQC , called OWQS , is presented .
+1	While this classical theory explains many quantum phenomena related to harmonic oscillator problems , hard results on nonlinear systems are still lacking .	Stochastic electrodynamics is a classical theory which assumes that the physical vacuum consists of classical stochastic fields with average energy $ \frac { 1 } { 2 } \hbar \omega $ in each mode , i.e. , the zero-point Planck spectrum .	In this work the hydrogen ground state is studied by numerically solving the Abraham -- Lorentz equation in the dipole approximation .	First the stochastic Gaussian field is represented by a sum over Gaussian frequency components , next the dynamics is solved numerically using OpenCL .	The approach improves on work by Cole and Zou 2003 by treating the full $ 3d $ problem and reaching longer simulation times .
+0	We report a detailed investigation of RECoPO ( RE = La , Pr ) and LaCoAsO materials performed by means of muon spin spectroscopy .	Zero-field measurements show that the electrons localized on the Pr $ ^ { 3+ } $ ions do not play any role in the static magnetic properties of the compounds .	Magnetism at the local level is indeed fully dominated by the weakly-itinerant ferromagnetism from the Co sublattice only .	The increase of the chemical pressure triggered by the different ionic radii of La $ ^ { 3+ } $ and Pr $ ^ { 3+ } $ , on the other hand , plays a crucial role in enhancing the value of the magnetic critical temperature and can be mimicked by the application of external hydrostatic pressure up to 24 kbar .	A sharp discontinuity in the local magnetic field at the muon site in LaCoPO at around 5 kbar suggests a sizeable modification in the band structure of the material upon increasing pressure .
+4	First , we analyze the natural curve $ \mbox { FF } _v $ that develops when the fighter keeps building , at speed $ v $ , a barrier along the boundary of the expanding fire .	Suppose that a circular fire spreads in the plane at unit speed .	A single fire fighter can build a barrier at speed $ v & gt ; 1 $ .	How large must $ v $ be to ensure that the fire can be contained , and how should the fire fighter proceed ?	We contribute two results .
+3	We shall discuss in detail the physics of these models , including their quantum phase transitions and the effect of carrier doping , and confront this with existing experimental data .	This article summarizes our understanding of the Kondo effect in graphene , primarily from a theoretical perspective .	We shall describe different ways to create magnetic moments in graphene , either by adatom deposition or via defects .	For dilute moments , the theoretical description is in terms of effective Anderson or Kondo impurity models coupled to graphene 's Dirac electrons .	Finally , we point out connections to other quantum impurity problems , e.g. , in unconventional superconductors , topological insulators , and quantum spin liquids .
+1	The radio object was detected both in our new VLA image from observations in 2012 at 5.5 GHz and in archival VLA images from observations in 1987 at 4.75 GHz and in the period from 1990 to 2002 at 8.31 GHz .	We report the VLA detection of the radio counterpart of the X-ray object referred to as the `` Cannonball '' , which has been proposed to be the remnant neutron star resulting from the creation of the Galactic Center supernova remnant , Sagittarius A East .	The radio morphology of this object is characterized as a compact , partially resolved point source located at the northern tip of a radio `` tongue '' similar to the X-ray structure observed by Chandra .	Behind the Cannonball , a radio counterpart to the X-ray plume is observed .	This object consists of a broad radio plume with a size of 30\arcsec $ \times $ 15\arcsec , followed by a linear tail having a length of 30\arcsec .
+4	In the context of AdS/CFT , these barriers imply that it is impossible to reconstruct the entire bulk using extremal surfaces .	We present a generic condition for Lorentzian manifolds to have a barrier that limits the reach of boundary-anchored extremal surfaces of arbitrary dimension .	We show that any surface with nonpositive extrinsic curvature is a barrier , in the sense that extremal surfaces can not be continuously deformed past it .	Furthermore , the outermost barrier surface has nonnegative extrinsic curvature .	Under certain conditions , we show that the existence of trapped surfaces implies a barrier , and conversely .
+4	Here we demonstrate that they appear predominantly inside the critical region .	In the absence of disorder , the degeneracy of a Landau level ( LL ) is $ N=BA/\phi_0 $ , where $ B $ is the magnetic field , $ A $ is the area of the sample and $ \phi_0=h/e $ is the magnetic flux quantum .	With disorder , localized states appear at the top and bottom of the broadened LL , while states in the center of the LL ( the critical region ) remain delocalized .	This well-known phenomenology is sufficient to explain most aspects of the Integer Quantum Hall Effect ( IQHE ) [ 1 ] .	One unnoticed issue is where the new states appear as the magnetic field is increased .
+1	Period increases with increasing initial mass .	Evidence on the ages and masses of Mira variables is reviewed .	Miras of logP about 3.0 have initial masses of near 4 solar masses .	It is suggestd that the apparent gap in the LMC PL relation at about this period may be due to the onset of hot bottom burning and that this adds about 15 to 20 percent to the stellar energy production .	Shorter period HBB stars are probably overtone pulsators .
+1	We provide the formal semantics of the language using Structural Operational Semantics , and show its expressiveness by means of examples .	In this paper we propose an extension of the Rebeca language that can be used to model distributed and asynchronous systems with timing constraints .	We developed a tool for automated translation from timed Rebeca to the Erlang language , which provides a first implementation of timed Rebeca .	We can use the tool to set the parameters of timed Rebeca models , which represent the environment and component variables , and use McErlang to run multiple simulations for different settings .	Timed Rebeca restricts the modeller to a pure asynchronous actor-based paradigm , where the structure of the model represents the service oriented architecture , while the computational model matches the network infrastructure .
+0	Systems with topologically protected ground-state degeneracies are currently of great interest due to their potential applications in quantum computing .	In practise this degeneracy is never exact , and the magnitude of the ground-state degeneracy splitting imposes constraints on the timescales over which information is topologically protected .	In this Letter we use an instanton approach to evaluate the splitting of topological ground-state degeneracy in quasi-1D systems with parafermion zero modes , in the specific case where parafermions are realized by inducing a superconducting gap in pairs of fractional quantum Hall edges .	We show that , like 1D topological superconducting wires , this splitting has an oscillatory dependence on the chemical potential , which arises from an intrinsic Berry phase that produces interference between distinct instanton tunneling events .	These Berry phases can be mapped to chiral phases in a ( dual ) quantum clock model using a Fradkin-Kadanoff transformation .
+4	We also analyze the case where the monotonicity inequality holds with equality , and extend Petz ' reversibility theorem for a large class of f-divergences and other distinguishability measures .	Quantum f-divergences are a quantum generalization of the classical notion of f-divergences , and are a special case of Petz ' quasi-entropies .	Many well known distinguishability measures of quantum states are given by , or derived from , f-divergences ; special examples include the quantum relative entropy , the Renyi relative entropies , and the Chernoff and Hoeffding measures .	Here we show that the quantum f-divergences are monotonic under the dual of Schwarz maps whenever the defining function is operator convex .	This extends and unifies all previously known monotonicity results .
+4	Our algorithm belongs to the class of message-passing algorithms , known in computer science , information theory and statistical physics as Belief Propagation ( BP ) .	Methods to extract information from the tracking of mobile objects/particles have broad interest in biological and physical sciences .	Techniques based on simple criteria of proximity in time-consecutive snapshots are useful to identify the trajectories of the particles .	However , they become problematic as the motility and/or the density of the particles increases due to uncertainties on the trajectories that particles followed during the images ' acquisition time .	Here , we report an efficient method for learning parameters of the dynamics of the particles from their positions in time-consecutive images .
+1	Methodological questions and technical challenges abound as more and more data from social platforms become available for analysis .	The computer science research community has became increasingly interested in the study of social media due to their pervasiveness in the everyday life of millions of individuals .	This data deluge not only yields the unprecedented opportunity to unravel questions about online individuals ' behavior at scale , but also allows to explore the potential perils that the massive adoption of social media brings to our society .	These communication channels provide plenty of incentives ( both economical and social ) and opportunities for abuse .	As social media activity became increasingly intertwined with the events in the offline world , individuals and organizations have found ways to exploit these platforms to spread misinformation , to attack and smear others , or to deceive and manipulate .
+0	Active , in situ control of light at the nanoscale remains a challenge in modern physics and in nanophotonics in particular .	A promising approach is to take advantage of the technological maturity of nano-electromechanical systems ( NEMS ) and to combine it with on-chip optics .	However , in scaling down the dimensions of such integrated devices , the coupling of a NEMS to optical fields becomes challenging .	Despite recent progress in nano-optomechanical coupling , active control of optical fields at the nanoscale has not been achieved with an on-chip NEMS thus far .	Here , we show a new type of hybrid system , which consists of an on-chip graphene NEMS suspended a few tens of nanometers above nitrogen-vacancy centres ( NVC ) , which are stable single photon emitters embedded in nano-diamonds .
+1	Such attitudes of earth pushed the frontiers to develop innovative monitoring strategies for the earth system .	The planet Earth has hundreds of impact events , with some occurrences causing both in terms of human casualty as well as economic losses .	To make that real , although , will require coherent and real-time data by observing the earth behavior contiguously .	Wireless Sensor Network ( WSN ) appears to be the best suitable infrastructure to sense environmental parameters of our interests .	In this event of earth observation , another important issue is the monitoring system with high level of precision .
+2	We demonstrate this explicitly for $ T^4 $ and to first order in the noncommutativity , for $ K_3 $ .	We generalize the spectral-curve construction of moduli spaces of instantons on $ \MT { 4 } $ and $ K_3 $ to noncommutative geometry .	We argue that the spectral-curves should be constructed inside a twisted $ \MT { 4 } $ or $ K_3 $ that is an elliptic fibration without a section .	Physically , moduli spaces of noncommutative instantons appear as moduli spaces of theories with $ \SUSY { 4 } $ supersymmetry in 2+1D .	The spectral curves are related to Seiberg-Witten curves of theories with $ \SUSY { 2 } $ in 3+1D .
+3	They include the need for the European regulatory framework to encompass E. European countries where network development and income levels are much lower , the desire to encompass Internet within the universal service regulatory framework , a willingness to design a framework that covers all communications networks and remove the telecommunications bias , thereby forcing issues of economic neutrality to the fore .	It has proved to be difficult to translate the lessons from the literature on universal service into the policy framework because of political interests and regulatory capture .	Neither the USA or Europe has made a very good job of devising a clean framework and the WTO agreement is sparing in this area .	A number of pressures in the European context have enabled a more systematic approach to emerge , that exploits the academic work .	The paper systematically goes through a number of key areas and principles of regulation and how they are being designed to deal with a range of national situations .
+4	We detect weak CO emission ( peak TA* = 0.2-1K , 1-2km/s fwhm ) from diffuse , optically thin gas at the locations of some of the submm clumps .	Whether or not supernovae contribute significantly to the overall dust budget is a controversial subject .	Submillimetre ( submm ) observations , sensitive to cold dust , have shown an excess at 450 and 850 microns in young remnants Cassiopeia A ( Cas A ) and Kepler .	Some of the submm emission from Cas A has been shown to be contaminated by unrelated material along the line of sight .	In this paper we explore the emission from material towards Kepler using submm continuum imaging and spectroscopic observations of atomic and molecular gas , via HI , 12CO ( J=2-1 ) and 13CO ( J=2-1 ) .
+2	We adopt this strategy and we propose a fully self-consistent parametrization of the total energy density driving the late time universe speed up .	In this work we use cosmography to alleviate the degeneracy among cosmological models , proposing a way to parameterize matter and dark energy in terms of cosmokinematics quantities .	The recipe of using cosmography allows to expand observable quantities in Taylor series and to directly compare those expansions with data .	Afterwards , we describe a feasible \emph { cosmographic dark energy model } , in which matter is fixed whereas dark energy evolves by means of the cosmographic series .	Our technique provides robust constraints on cosmokinematic parameters , permitting one to separately bound matter from dark energy densities .
+1	The measurement is performed in the kinematic range of negative four-momentum transfer squared $ 4 & lt ; Q^2 & lt ; 150 $ ~GeV $ ^2 $ and a mass of the hadronic system $ W_X & gt ; 50 $ GeV .	The production of isolated photons in deep-inelastic scattering $ ep\to e \gamma X $ is measured with the H1 detector at HERA .	The analysis is based on a total integrated luminosity of 227~pb $ ^ { -1 } $ .	The production cross section of isolatedphotons with a transverse energy in the range $ 3 & lt ; E_T^\gamma & lt ; 10 $ GeV and pseudorapidity range $ -1.2 & lt ; \eta^\gamma & lt ; 1.8 $ is measured as a function of $ E_T^\gamma $ , $ \eta^\gamma $ and $ Q^2 $ .	Isolated photon cross sections are also measured for events with no jets or at least one hadronic jet .
+1	Here , a Riordan array is generated by a pair of umbrae , and this provides efficient proofs of several basic results of the theory such as the multiplication rule , the recursive properties , the fundamental theorem and the connection with Sheffer sequences .	We use the classical umbral calculus to describe Riordan arrays .	In particular , we show that the fundamental theorem turns out to be a reformulation of the umbral Abel identity .	As an application , we give an elementary approach to the problem of extending integer powers of Riordan arrays to complex powers in such a way that additivity of the exponents is preserved .	Also , ordinary Riordan arrays are studied within the classical umbral perspective and some combinatorial identities are discussed regarding Catalan numbers , Fibonacci numbers and Chebyshev polynomials .
+0	The formation of the disk and feedback from supernova winds impacts the distribution of dark matter in galaxies .	Recently , Di Cintio et al .	( 2014b ) characterized the halo response from baryonic processes in hydrodynamical simulations via a dependence on the ratio of stellar-to-halo mass ( $ M_ { \star } /M_ { { \rm halo } } $ ) .	The ( stellar ) mass dependent halo profile links together the local and global properties of the halo ( e.g.inner slope and $ M_ { { \rm halo } } $ ) which allows for measurements of $ M_ { { \rm halo } } $ without virial tracers .	We compile a large sample of rotation curves from the literature to test this halo profile .
+1	The ensemble of paths is expressed using a symmetric version of the Onsager-Machlup formula , which only requires evaluation of the force field and which , upon direct time discretization , gives rise to a symmetric integrator that is accurate to second order .	We address the problem of sampling double-ended diffusive paths .	Efficiently sampling this ensemble requires avoiding the well-known stiffness problem associated with sampling infinitesimal Brownian increments of the path , as well as a different type of stiffness associated with sampling the coarse features of long paths .	The fine-feature sampling stiffness is eliminated with the use of the fast sampling algorithm ( FSA ) , and the coarse-feature sampling stiffness is avoided by introducing the sliding and sampling ( S & amp ; S ) algorithm .	A key feature of the S & amp ; S algorithm is that it enables massively parallel computers to sample diffusive trajectories that are long in time .
+3	The goal of this paper is to `` fix '' exponential backoff by making it scalable , particularly focusing on the case where processes arrive in an on-line , worst-case fashion .	Randomized exponential backoff is a widely deployed technique for coordinating access to a shared resource .	A good backoff protocol should , arguably , satisfy three natural properties : ( i ) it should provide constant throughput , wasting as little time as possible ; ( ii ) it should require few failed access attempts , minimizing the amount of wasted effort ; and ( iii ) it should be robust , continuing to work efficiently even if some of the access attempts fail for spurious reasons .	Unfortunately , exponential backoff has some well-known limitations in two of these areas : it provides poor ( sub-constant ) throughput ( in the worst case ) , and is not robust ( to resource acquisition failures ) .	We present a relatively simple backoff protocol~Re-Backoff~that has , at its heart , a version of exponential backoff .
+3	During inflation this coupling leads to a copious production of gauge quanta and consequently a very distinct modification of the primordial curvature perturbations .	Models of axion inflation are particularly interesting since they provide a natural justification for the flatness of the potential over a super-Planckian distance , namely the approximate shift-symmetry of the inflaton .	In addition , most of the observational consequences are directly related to this symmetry and hence are correlated .	Large tensor modes can be accompanied by the observable effects of a the shift-symmetric coupling $ \phi F\tilde F $ to a gauge field .	In this work we compare these predictions with observations .
+1	In IPS the input state is mixed with the vacuum in a beam splitter and then the reflected beam is revealed by ON/OFF photodetection .	Inconclusive photon subtraction ( IPS ) is a conditional measurement scheme to force nonlinear evolution of a given state .	When the detector clicks we have the ( inconclusive ) photon subtracted state .	We show that IPS on both channels of an entangled twin-beam of radiation improves the fidelity of coherent state teleportation if the energy of the incoming twin-beam is below a certain threshold , which depends on the beam splitter transmissivity and the quantum efficiency of photodetectors .	We show that the energy threshold diverges when the transmissivity and the efficiency approach unit and compare our results with that of previous works on { \em conclusive } photon subtraction .
+2	Violation of this assumption will lead to fluctuations in differential brightness temperature that are neither driven by density fluctuations nor by HII regions .	Simulations estimating the differential brightness temperature of the redshifted 21-cm from the epoch of reionization ( EoR ) often assume that the spin temperature is decoupled from the background CMB temperature and is much larger than it .	Although a valid assumption towards the latter stages of the reionization process , it does not necessarily hold at the earlier epochs .	Therefore , it is vital to calculate the spin temperature self-consistently by treating the Lyman-alpha and collisional coupling of spin temperature to the kinetic temperature .	In this paper we develop an extension to the BEARS algorithm , originally developed to model reionization history , to include these coupling effects .
+2	Recently , it has been shown that by using a carefully designed technique to store the contents in the cache and coding across data streams a much more significant gain can be achieved in reducing the network load .	Replicating or caching popular content in memories distributed across the network is a technique to reduce peak network loads .	Conventionally , the performance gain of caching was thought to result from making part of the requested data available closer to end users .	Inner and outer bounds on the network load v/s cache memory tradeoff were obtained in ( Maddah-Ali and Niesen , 2012 ) .	We give an improved outer bound on the network load v/s cache memory tradeoff .
+0	We report results from a survey of MgII absorbers in the spectra of background QSOs that are within close angular distances to a foreground galaxy at z & lt ; 0.5 , using the Magellan Echellette Spectrograph .	We have established a spectroscopic sample of 94 galaxies at a median redshift of & lt ; z & gt ; = 0.24 in fields around 70 distant background QSOs ( z_QSO & gt ; 0.6 ) , 71 of which are in an 'isolated ' environment with no known companions and located at rho & lt ; ~ 120 h^-1 kpc from the line of sight of a background QSO .	The rest-frame absolute B-band magnitudes span a range from M_B-5log h=-16.4 to M_B-5log h=-21.4 and rest-frame B_AB-R_AB colors range from B_AB-R_AB~0 to B_AB-R_AB~1.5 .	Of these 'isolated ' galaxies , we find that 47 have corresponding MgII absorbers in the spectra of background QSOs and rest-frame absorption equivalent width W_r ( 2796 ) =0.1-2.34 A , and 24 do not give rise to MgII absorption to sensitive upper limits .	Our analysis shows that ( 1 ) Wr ( 2796 ) declines with increasing distance from 'isolated ' galaxies but shows no clear trend in 'group ' environments ; ( 2 ) more luminous galaxies possess more extended MgII absorbing halos with the gaseous radius scaled by B-band luminosity according to R_gas=75x ( L_B/L_B* ) ^ ( 0.35+/-0.03 ) h^ { -1 } kpc ; ( 3 ) there is little dependence between the observed absorber strength and galaxy intrinsic colors ; and ( 4 ) within R_gas , we find a mean covering fraction of & lt ; kappa_0.3 & gt ; ~70 % for absorbers of Wr ( 2796 ) & gt ; =0.3 A and & lt ; kappa_0.1 & gt ; ~80 % for absorbers of Wr ( 2796 ) & gt ; =0.1 A .
+3	The Hall bars have several different widths , and our observations clearly demonstrate that the size of the sample influences the heating phenomenon .	Our study presents experimental measurements of the contact and longitudinal voltage drops in Hall bars , as a function of the current amplitude .	We are interested in the heating phenomenon which takes place before the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect , i.e.the pre-breakdown regime .	Two types of samples has been investigated , at low temperature ( 4.2 and 1.5K ) and high magnetic field ( up to 13 T ) .	By measuring the critical currents of both contact and longitudinal voltages , as a function of the filling factor ( around $ i=2 $ ) , we highlight the presence of a high electric field domain near the source contact , which is observable only in samples whose width is smaller than 400 microns .
+4	We find that Fe dopants tend to aggregate , whereas there is a repulsive interaction in the case of Cr and Mn .	A first-principles DFT-GGA+U study of the doping of GaN with Cr , Mn , or Fe confirms a strong tendency for the formation of embedded clusters occupying Ga sites of the wurtzite and zinc blende phases of GaN .	Within the employed computation model , the tendency for aggregation is larger for Cr and Mn than for Fe .	In contrast to previous DFT-GGA calculations , we predict a ferromagnetic ordering of the Cr and Mn clusters having more than two atoms while the Fe clusters are all antiferromagnetic .	We have also investigated the magnetic ordering of nearest-neighboring ionic pairs that substitute gallium atoms at the ( 0001 ) wz-GaN surface .
+0	We report on a theoretical and experimental study of CuMn-V antiferromagnets .	Previous works showed low-temperature antiferomagnetism and semimetal electronic structure of the semi-Heusler CuMnSb .	In this paper we present theoretical predictions of high-temperature antiferromagnetism in the stable orthorhombic phases of CuMnAs and CuMnP .	The electronic structure of CuMnAs is at the transition from a semimetal to a semiconductor and we predict that CuMnP is a semiconductor .	We show that the transition to a semiconductor-like band structure upon introducing the lighter group-V elements is present in both the metastable semi-Heusler and the stable orthorhombic crystal structures .
+3	These characterizations show that the simplicial complex must be very compact if some symbolic power is Cohen-Macaulay .	We present criteria for the Cohen-Macaulayness of a monomial ideal in terms of its primary decomposition .	These criteria allow us to use tools of graph theory and of linear programming to study the Cohen-Macaulayness of monomial ideals which are intersections of prime ideal powers .	We can characterize the Cohen-Macaulayness of the second symbolic power or of all symbolic powers of a Stanley-Reisner ideal in terms of the simplicial complex .	In particular , all symbolic powers are Cohen-Macaulay if and only if the simplicial complex is a matroid complex .
+4	As a result , very small magnetic Prandtl number dynamos can be found for sufficiently large Rayleigh numbers .	The onset of dynamo action is investigated within the context of a newly developed low Rossby , low magnetic Prandtl number , convection-driven dynamo model .	This multiscale model represents an asymptotically exact form of an $ \alpha^2 $ mean field dynamo model in which the small-scale convection is represented explicitly by finite amplitude , single mode solutions .	Both steady and oscillatory convection are considered for a variety of horizontal planforms .	The kinetic helicity is observed to be a monotonically increasing function of the Rayleigh number .
+2	The C-CDW transition temperatures as a function of film thickness are determined from the evolution of these new Raman peaks and they are found to decrease from 473K to 413K as the film thicknesses decrease from 150 nm to 35 nm .	Bulk 1T-TaSe2 exhibits unusually high charge density wave ( CDW ) transition temperatures of 600 K and 473 K below which the material exists in the incommensurate ( I-CDW ) and the commensurate ( C-CDW ) charge-density-wave phases , respectively .	The C-CDW reconstruction of the lattice coincides with new Raman peaks resulting from zone-folding of phonon modes from middle regions of the original Brillouin zone back to the Gamma point .	A comparison of the Raman data with ab initio calculations of both the normal and C-CDW phases gives a consistent picture of the zone-folding of the phonon modes following lattice reconstruction .	In the I-CDW phase , the loss of translational symmetry coincides with a strong suppression and broadening of the Raman peaks .
+4	We also propose a probabilistic state-dependent proof of the KS theorem that mainly focuses on the values assignment for all the rank-2 projectors .	Kochen-Specker ( KS ) theorem denies the possibility for the noncontextual hidden variable theories to reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics .	A set of projection operators ( projectors ) and bases used to show the impossibility of noncontextual definite values assignment is named as the KS set .	Since one KS set with a mixture of 16 rank-1 projectors and 14 rank-2 projectors proposed in 1995 [ Kernaghan M and Peres A 1995 Phys .	Lett.\ A \textbf { 198 } 1 ] for a three-qubit system , there are plenty of the same type KS sets and we propose a systematic way to produce them .
+4	Yet , the X-ray spectrum and lightcurve of LS 5039 do not show intrinsic absorption or X-ray eclipses .	Gamma-ray binaries are systems containing a massive star and a compact object that have been detected up to TeV energies .	The high energy emission could result from particle acceleration in the region where the stellar wind from the massive star interacts with the relativistic wind from a young pulsar .	LS 5039 has the most compact orbit amongst gamma-ray binaries and its X-ray lightcurve shows a stable modulation synchronized with the orbital period .	Photoelectric absorption of X-rays in the O star wind and occultation of the X-ray emitting region by the massive star can alter the X-ray lightcurve and spectrum along the orbit .
+4	Noting the optimality of MDS codes , it is concluded that both random codes and linear random codes are exponentially optimal , whether the block sizes is larger or smaller than the alphabet size .	An erasure channel with a fixed alphabet size $ q $ , where $ q \gg 1 $ , is studied .	It is proved that over any erasure channel ( with or without memory ) , Maximum Distance Separable ( MDS ) codes achieve the minimum probability of error ( assuming maximum likelihood decoding ) .	Assuming a memoryless erasure channel , the error exponent of MDS codes are compared with that of random codes and linear random codes .	It is shown that the envelopes of all these exponents are identical for rates above the critical rate .
+3	This extends previous knowledge from tight-binding ( Bose-Hubbard ) studies in a new direction which is important because the lattice depth is a readily adjustable experimental parameter .	We analyze interacting one-dimensional bosons in the continuum , subject to a periodic sinusoidal potential of arbitrary depth .	Variation of the lattice depth tunes the system from the Bose-Hubbard limit for deep lattices , through the sine-Gordon regime of weak lattices , to the complete absence of a lattice .	Using the Bose-Fermi mapping between strongly interacting bosons and weakly interacting fermions , we derive the phase diagram in the parameter space of lattice depth and chemical potential .	Several other results ( equations of state , energy gaps , profiles in harmonic trap ) are presented as corollaries to the physics contained in this phase diagram .
+4	In the various phases one observes either true 3D order or quasi-2D order .	The entire magnetic phase diagram of the quasi two dimensional ( 2D ) magnet on a distorted triangular lattice KFe ( MoO4 ) 2 is outlined by means of magnetization , specific heat , and neutron diffraction measurements .	It is found that the spin network breaks down into two almost independent magnetic subsystems .	One subsystem is a collinear antiferromagnet that shows a simple spin-flop behavior in applied fields .	The other is a helimagnet that instead goes through a series of exotic commensurate-incommensurate phase transformations .
+2	The polarized radio emission from all these sources is modified by Faraday rotation as it traverses the magnetized intra-cluster medium .	The goal of this work is to constrain the strength and structure of the magnetic field in the nearby cluster of galaxies A2255 .	At radio wavelengths A2255 is characterized by the presence of a polarized radio halo at the cluster center , a relic source at the cluster periphery , and several embedded radio galaxies .	The distribution of Faraday rotation can be used to probe the magnetic field strength and topology in the cluster .	For this purpose , we performed Very Large Array observations at 3.6 and 6 cm of four polarized radio galaxies embedded in A2255 , obtaining detailed rotation measure images for three of them .
+4	We demonstrate that a peculiar agglomerate excitation with charge $ e/2 $ , double of the expected $ e/4 $ charge , dominates the transport properties at low energies .	We explain effective charge anomalies recently observed for fractional quantum Hall edge states at $ \nu=5/2 $ [ M. Dolev , Y .	Gross , Y. C. Chung , M. Heiblum , V. Umansky , and D. Mahalu , Phys.Rev.B .	\textbf { 81 } , 161303 ( R ) ( 2010 ) ] .	The experimental data of differential conductance and excess noise are fitted , using the anti-Pfaffian model , by properly take into account renormalizations of the Luttinger parameters induced by the coupling of the system with an intrinsic $ 1/f $ noise .
+2	We find that the non-LTE effects on the iron abundance derived from Fe { \sc i } lines are very important , amounting to $ { \sim } 0.9 $ dex and to $ { \sim } 0.6 $ dex in the 3D and 1D cases , respectively .	This paper presents the results of a detailed theoretical investigation of the impact of non-LTE effects and of granulation inhomogeneities on the derived iron and oxygen abundances in the metal-poor halo subgiant HD140283 .	Our analysis is based on both the `classical ' one-dimensional ( 1D ) stellar atmosphere models and on the new generation of three-dimensional ( 3D ) hydrodynamical models .	On the other hand , we find that non-LTE and 3D effects have to be taken into account for a reliable determination of the iron abundance from weak Fe { \sc ii } lines , because the significant overexcitation of their upper levels in the granular regions tend to produce emission features .	As a result such Fe { \sc ii } lines are weaker than in LTE and the abundance correction amounts to $ { \sim } 0.4 $ dex for the 3D case .
+3	Of particular importance are the notions of macroscopic , hydrodynamic , and long-time limits , which are analogues of the equilibrium thermodynamic limit , and the notion of statistical ensembles which can be generalized to nonequilibrium systems .	The theory of large deviations has been applied successfully in the last 30 years or so to study the properties of equilibrium systems and to put the foundations of equilibrium statistical mechanics on a clearer and more rigorous footing .	A similar approach has been followed more recently for nonequilibrium systems , especially in the context of interacting particle systems .	We review here the basis of this approach , emphasizing the similarities and differences that exist between the application of large deviation theory for studying equilibrium systems on the one hand and nonequilibrium systems on the other .	For the purpose of illustrating our discussion , we focus on applications to Markov processes , in particular to simple random walks .
+0	The NASA Kepler mission has observed more than 190,000 stars in the constellations of Cygnus and Lyra .	Around 4 years of almost continuous ultra high-precision photometry have been obtained reaching a duty cycle higher than 90 % for many of these stars .	However , almost regular gaps due to nominal operations are present in the light curves at different time scales .	In this paper we want to highlight the impact of those regular gaps in asteroseismic analyses and we try to find a method that minimizes their effect in the frequency domain .	To do so , we isolate the two main time scales of quasi regular gaps in the data .
+1	Among other things , we show the following sharp estimtes .	This paper studies eigenvalues of some Steklov problems .	Let $ \Omega $ be a bounded smooth domain in an $ n ( \geq 2 ) $ -dimensional Hadamard manifold an let $ 0=\lambda_0 & lt ; \lambda_1\leq \lambda_2\leq ... $ denote the eigenvalues of the Steklov problem : $ \Delta u=0 $ in $ \Omega $ and $ ( \partial u ) / ( \partial \nu ) =\lambda u $ on $ \partial \Omega $ .	Then $ \sum_ { i=1 } ^ { n } \lambda^ { -1 } _i \geq ( n^2|\Omega| ) / ( |\partial\Omega| ) $ with equality holding if and only if $ \Omega $ is isometric to an $ n $ -dimensional Euclidean ball .	Let $ M $ be an $ n ( \geq 2 ) $ -dimensional compact connected Riemannian manifold with boundary and non-negative Ricci curvature .
+3	This provides a unified and simultaneous description of the three higher excited charmed-strange resonances observed until now .	The LHCb Collaboration has recently reported the observation for the first time of a spin- $ 3 $ resonance in the heavy quark sector .	They have shown that the $ \bar { D } ^ { 0 } K^ { - } $ structure seen in the $ B_ { s } ^ { 0 } \to \bar { D } ^ { 0 } K^ { - } \pi^ { + } $ reaction and with invariant mass $ 2.86\ , { \rm GeV } $ is an admixture of a spin- $ 1 $ and a spin- $ 3 $ resonances .	Motivated by the good agreement between our theoretical predictions some time ago and the properties extracted from the experiment of the $ D_ { s1 } ^ { \ast } ( 2860 ) $ and $ D_ { s3 } ^ { \ast } ( 2860 ) $ states , we perform an extension of the study of the strong decay properties of the $ D_ { sJ } ^ { \ast } ( 2860 ) $ and present the same analysis for the $ D_ { s1 } ^ { \ast } ( 2700 ) $ and $ D_ { sJ } ( 3040 ) $ mesons .	For completeness , we present theoretical results for masses and strong decays of the low-lying charmed-strange mesons and those experimental missing states which belong to the spin-multiplets of the discovered $ D_ { s1 } ^ { \ast } ( 2700 ) $ , $ D_ { sJ } ^ { \ast } ( 2860 ) $ and $ D_ { sJ } ( 3040 ) $ resonances .
+3	The Casimir energy for a $ \delta $ -function spherical shell in 3+1 dimensions has an expression that reduces to the familiar result for a Dirichlet shell in the strong-coupling limit .	The Casimir energies and pressures for a massless scalar field associated with $ \delta $ -function potentials in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions are calculated .	For parallel plane surfaces , the results are finite , coincide with the pressures associated with Dirichlet planes in the limit of strong coupling , and for weak coupling do not possess a power-series expansion in 1+1 dimension .	The relation between Casimir energies and Casimir pressures is clarified , and the former are shown to involve surface terms .	However , the Casimir energy for finite coupling possesses a logarithmic divergence first appearing in third order in the weak-coupling expansion , which seems unremovable .
+2	A renormalised light-cone Hamiltonian is obtained by making a colour-dielectric expansion for the link-field interactions .	The formalism for describing hadrons using a light-cone Hamiltonian of SU ( N ) gauge theory on a coarse transverse lattice is reviewed .	Physical gauge degrees of freedom are represented by disordered flux fields on the links of the lattice .	Parameters in the Hamiltonian are renormalised non-perturbatively by seeking regions in parameter space with enhanced Lorentz symmetry .	In the case of pure gauge theories to lowest non-trivial order of the colour-dielectric expansion , this is sufficient to determine accurately all parameters in the large-N limit .
+3	Since integer order moments for this process are not finite , we obtain fractional order moments .	In this article , we introduce Mittag-Leffler L\'evy process and provide two alternative representations of this process .	First , in terms of Laplace transform of the marginal densities and next as a subordinated stochastic process .	Both these representations are useful in analyzing the properties of the process .	Its density function and corresponding L\'evy measure density is also obtained .
+3	Indeed at 4.2 K and fields up to 31 T , the only correlated pinning is for fields parallel to the film plane .	REBa $ _ { 2 } $ Cu $ _ { 3 } $ O $ _ { x } $ films can achieve remarkably high critical current density values by the incorporation of insulating nanoparticles .	A particular interesting case concerns BaZrO $ _ { 3 } $ ( BZO ) nanorods , whose strongly correlated effect is seen at high temperatures .	Here we investigate the field , temperature and angular dependence of the critical current density over a wide temperature range from 4.2 K to 77 K , and magnetic fields up to 31 T. We show that the correlated c-axis pinning of BZO nanorods becomes progressively less obvious at lower temperature .	We interpret the change as being due to significant contributions from dense but weak pins that thermal fluctuations render ineffective at high temperatures but which become strong at lower temperatures .
+3	A Wolf-Rayet star model is used to investigate line branching in the strong wind limit .	The effect of photon frequency redistribution by line branching on mass-loss rates for hot luminous stars is investigated .	Monte Carlo simulations are carried out for a range of OB-star models which show that previous mass-loss calculations which neglect non-resonance line scattering overestimate mass-loss rates for luminous O stars by ~20 per cent .	For luminous B stars the effect is somewhat larger , typically ~50 per cent .	In this case the effect of line branching is much greater , giving mass-loss rates that are smaller by a factor ~3 from computations which neglect branching .
+2	However , the influence of this great mind was not limited to science .	Year 2005 was the World Year of Physics , and it was commemorated worldwide as the 100th anniversary of Albert Einstein 's legendary works in which the foundations of at least three areas of modern physics were laid : statistical mechanics , quantum mechanics and special relativity .	These works turned year 1905 in what deservedly was called the `` miraculous year '' ( annus mirabilis ) of Einstein .	As it is well known , his fingerprint remains engraved in many aspects of our daily life .	Because of that , in this work we have tried to cover almost all the subjects in which Einstein was involved during the last century and , of course , try and reveal the future projection his actions will have in this new century that has just begun .
+1	A pure helium secondary is usually assumed for this system , although some evolutionary models predict a small amount of hydrogen ( around 10 % by mass ) .	I present ignition models for Type I X-ray bursts and superbursts from the ultracompact binary 4U 1820-30 .	I show that even this small amount of hydrogen significantly affects the expected Type I burst properties .	Using the 2-4 hour recurrence times observed during periods of regular bursting , I determine the accretion rate onto the star for different compositions , a new constraint on evolutionary models .	I show that models with hydrogen predict 10 % variations in burst fluence with recurrence time , which should in future allow the accreted composition to be determined .
+0	We present an absolute distance measurement interferometer based on a two wavelength interferometer and a variable synthetic wavelength technique .	The wavelength scanning range was 12 GHz , realized with a phase accuracy of 1.0 m { \lambda } by heterodyne detection at each measurement wavelength .	This small wavelength scanning range enabled the use of distributed feedback laser diodes as an interferometer light source and a fast 20 ms wavelength scanning time by injection current control .	We demonstrated a measurement range of up to 1.5 m and an accuracy better than 1.2 nm in comparison with a displacement measurement interferometer , corresponding to a relative accuracy of 10-9 .	In addition , we also proposed expanding the range of maximum measurement and compensation of refractive index of air for linear colliders .
+0	Let $ A $ be a commutative $ k $ -algebra over a field of $ k $ and $ \Xi $ a linear operator defined on $ A $ .	We define a family of $ A $ -valued invariants $ \Psi $ for finite rooted forests by a recurrent algorithm using the operator $ \Xi $ and show that the invariant $ \Psi $ distinguishes rooted forests if ( and only if ) it distinguishes rooted trees $ T $ , and if ( and only if ) it is { \it finer } than the quantity $ \alpha ( T ) =|\text { Aut } ( T ) | $ of rooted trees $ T $ .	We also consider the generating function $ U ( q ) =\sum_ { n=1 } ^\infty U_n q^n $ with $ U_n =\sum_ { T\in \bT_n } \frac 1 { \alpha ( T ) } \Psi ( T ) $ , where $ \bT_n $ is the set of rooted trees with $ n $ vertices .	We show that the generating function $ U ( q ) $ satisfies the equation $ \Xi \exp U ( q ) = q^ { -1 } U ( q ) $ .	Consequently , we get a recurrent formula for $ U_n $ $ ( n\geq 1 ) $ , namely , $ U_1=\Xi ( 1 ) $ and $ U_n =\Xi S_ { n-1 } ( U_1 , U_2 , & gt ; ... , U_ { n-1 } ) $ for any $ n\geq 2 $ , where $ S_n ( x_1 , x_2 , ... ) $ $ ( n\in \bN ) $ are the elementary Schur polynomials .
+0	Estimating entropies from limited data series is known to be a non-trivial task .	Naive estimations are plagued with both systematic ( bias ) and statistical errors .	Here , we present a new 'balanced estimator ' for entropy functionals Shannon , R\'enyi and Tsallis ) specially devised to provide a compromise between low bias and small statistical errors , for short data series .	This new estimator out-performs other currently available ones when the data sets are small and the probabilities of the possible outputs of the random variable are not close to zero .	Otherwise , other well-known estimators remain a better choice .
+2	Despite being unwieldy , the latter form has a powerful appeal for those who are concerned about de Sitter invariance .	Previous studies of the vacuum polarization on de Sitter have demonstrated that there is a simple , noncovariant representation of it in which the physics is transparent .	There is also a cumbersome , covariant representation in which the physics is obscure .	We show that nothing is lost by employing the simple , noncovariant representation because there is a closed form procedure for converting its structure functions to those of the covariant representation .	We also present a vastly improved technique for reading off the noncovariant structure functions from the primitive diagrams .
+0	In the Top-down scenarios , the decay of super-heavy particles ( m~10^ { 12-16 } GeV ) , situated in dark-matter halos not very far from our Galaxy , can explain the ultra-high-energy ( UHE ) cosmic-ray spectrum beyond the Griesen-Zatasepin-Kuzmin cut-off .	In the MSSM , a major component of the UHE cosmic-ray flux at PeV-EeV energies could be given by the lightest neutralino \chi , that is the lightest stable supersymmetric particle .	Then , the signal of UHE \chi 's on earth might emerge over the interactions of a comparable neutrino component .	We compute the event rates for the resonant production of `` right '' selectrons and `` right '' squarks in mSUGRA , when UHE neutralinos of energy larger than 10^5 GeV scatter off electrons and quarks in an earth-based detector like IceCube .	When the resonant channel dominates in the total \chi-e , \chi-q scattering cross section , the only model parameters affecting the corresponding visible signal rates turn out to be the physical masses of the resonant right-scalar and of the lightest neutralino .
+1	In the continuum approximation of the theory , a moment-of-time hypersurface is well represented by an inextendible antichain .	Within the causal set approach to quantum gravity , a discrete analog of a spacelike region is a set of unrelated elements , or an antichain .	We construct a richer structure corresponding to a thickening of this antichain containing non-trivial geometric and topological information .	We find that covariant observables can be associated with such thickened antichains and transitions between them , in classical stochastic growth models of causal sets .	This construction highlights the difference between the covariant measure on causal set cosmology and the standard sum-over-histories approach : the measure is assigned to completed histories rather than to histories on a restricted spacetime region .
+2	In ORION , only a single copy of a data packet is kept in the network and transmitted , contact by contact , towards the destination .	In this paper , we address the problem of efficient routing in delay tolerant network .	We propose a new routing protocol dubbed as ORION .	The aim of the ORION routing protocol is twofold : on one hand , it enhances the delivery ratio in networks where an end-to-end path does not necessarily exist , and on the other hand , it minimizes the routing delay and the network overhead to achieve better performance .	In ORION , nodes are aware of their neighborhood by the mean of actual and statistical estimation of new contacts .
+4	The shell is made of the neutral chains and surrounds the core .	When polyelectrolyte-neutral block copolymers are mixed in aqueous solutions with oppositely charged species , stable complexes are found to form spontaneously .	The mechanism is based on electrostatics , and on the compensation between the opposite charges .	Electrostatic complexes exhibit a core-shell microstructure .	In the core , the polyelectrolyte blocks and the oppositely charged species are tightly bound and form a dense coacervate microphase .
+2	Particular attention is given to `quasi-temporal ' theories in which the notion of time-evolution is less rigid than in conventional Hamiltonian physics ; theories of this type are expected to arise naturally in the context of quantum gravity and quantum field theory in a curved space-time .	An extended analysis is made of the Gell-Mann and Hartle axioms for a generalised `histories ' approach to quantum theory .	Emphasis is placed on finding equivalents of the lattice structure that is employed in standard quantum logic .	The quasi-temporal structure is coded in a partial semi-group of `temporal supports ' that underpins the lattice of history propositions .	Non-trivial examples include quantum field theory on a non globally-hyperbolic spacetime , and a simple cobordism approach to a theory of quantum topology .
+0	Polarization data from high mass star formation regions ( W51 e2/e8 , Orion BN/KL ) are used to derive statistical properties of the plane of sky projected magnetic field .	Structure function and auto-correlation function are calculated for observations with various resolutions from the BIMA and SMA interferometers , covering a range in physical scales from $ \sim 70 $ ~mpc to $ \sim 2.1 $ ~mpc .	Results for the magnetic field turbulent dispersion , its turbulent to mean field strength ratio and the large-scale polarization angle correlation length are presented as a function of the physical scale at the star formation sites .	Power law scaling relations emerge for some of these physical quantities .	The turbulent to mean field strength ratio is found to be close to constant over the sampled observing range , with a hint of a decrease toward smaller scales , indicating that the role of magnetic field and turbulence is evolving with physical scale .
+1	Apart from renormalization freedom , the vacuum energy receives contributions from both the trace anomaly and the thermal nature of the quantum state .	We study the backreaction of free quantum fields on a flat Robertson-Walker spacetime .	The former represents a dynamical realisation of dark energy , while the latter mimics an effective dark matter component .	The semiclassical dynamics yield two classes of asymptotically stable solutions .	The first reproduces the concordance model in a suitable regime .
+0	We present the crossover line between the quark gluon plasma and the hadron gas phases for small real chemical potentials .	First we determine the effect of imaginary values of the chemical potential on the transition temperature using lattice QCD simulations .	Then we use various formulas to perform an analytic continuation to real values of the baryo-chemical potential .	Our data set maintains strangeness neutrality to match the conditions of heavy ion physics .	The systematic errors are under control up to $ \mu_B\approx 300 $ MeV .
+2	During the drying , a buckling process is followed by a single depression growth inside the drop .	Drying a droplet of colloidal dispersion can result in complex pattern formation due to both development and deformation of a skin at the drop surface .	The present study focus on the drying process of droplets of colloidal dispersions in a confined geometry where direct observations of the skin thickness are allowed .	The deformation of the droplet is found to be generic and is studied for various colloidal dispersions .	The final shape can be partly explained by simple energy analysis based on the competition between bending and stretching deformations .
+4	Next , given the advantages of the free probability ( FP ) theory with comparison to other known techniques in the area of large random matrix theory , we pursue a large limit analysis in terms of number of antennas and users by shedding light to the behavior of relay systems inflicted by hardware impairments .	Despite the deleterious effect of hardware impairments on communication systems , most prior works have not investigated their impact on widely used relay systems .	Most importantly , the application of inexpensive transceivers , being prone to hardware impairments , is the most cost-efficient way for the implementation of massive multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO ) systems .	Consequently , the direction of this paper is towards the investigation of the impact of hardware impairments on MIMO relay networks with large number of antennas .	Specifically , we obtain the general expression for the ergodic capacity of dual-hop ( DH ) amplify-and-forward ( AF ) relay systems .
+2	The rank of $ E $ is given in terms of an elementary property of the subgroup of $ ( \Z/d\Z ) ^\times $ generated by $ p $ .	Let $ E $ be the elliptic curve $ y^2=x ( x+1 ) ( x+t ) $ over the field $ \Fp ( t ) $ where $ p $ is an odd prime .	We study the arithmetic of $ E $ over extensions $ \Fq ( t^ { 1/d } ) $ where $ q $ is a power of $ p $ and $ d $ is an integer prime to $ p $ .	We show that for many values of $ d $ the rank is large .	For example , if $ d $ divides $ 2 ( p^f-1 ) $ and $ 2 ( p^f-1 ) /d $ is odd , then the rank is at least $ d/2 $ .
+0	In this , partly pedagogical review , I attempt to give a self-contained overview of the basis of ( non-relativistic ) QM measurement theory expressed in density matrix formalism .	The focus is on applications to the theory of weak measurement , as developed by Aharonov and Vaidman and their collaborators .	Their development of weak measurement combined with what they call 'post-selection ' - judiciously choosing not only the initial state of a system ( 'pre-selection ' ) but also its final state - has received much attention recently .	Not the least has it opened up new , fruitful experimental vistas , like novel approaches to amplification .	But the approach has also attached to it some air of mystery .
+4	Additionally , we also give a deterministic $ \frac { 3 } { 2 } +O\left ( \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { k } } \right ) $ factor approximation algorithm running in time $ O ( nk ) $ .	We present a randomized approximation algorithm for computing traveling salesperson tours in undirected regular graphs .	Given an $ n $ -vertex , $ k $ -regular graph , the algorithm computes a tour of length at most $ \left ( 1+\frac { 7 } { \ln k-O ( 1 ) } \right ) n $ , with high probability , in $ O ( nk \log k ) $ time .	This improves upon a recent result by Vishnoi ( \cite { Vishnoi12 } , FOCS 2012 ) for the same problem , in terms of both approximation factor , and running time .	The key ingredient of our algorithm is a technique that uses edge-coloring algorithms to sample a cycle cover with $ O ( n/\log k ) $ cycles with high probability , in near linear time .
+2	To model realistic situations where different nodes in a network may have different capabilities , the message or packet creation and delivering rates at a node are assumed to depend on the degree of the node .	We propose and study a model of traffic in communication networks .	The underlying network has a structure that is tunable between a scale-free growing network with preferential attachments and a random growing network .	Noting that congestions are more likely to take place at the nodes with high degrees in networks with scale-free character , an efficient approach of selectively enhancing the message-processing capability of a small fraction ( e.g.3 % ) of the nodes is shown to perform just as good as enhancing the capability of all nodes .	The interplay between the creation rate and the delivering rate in determining non-congested or congested traffic in a network is studied more numerically and analytically .
+3	Our formula is much easier to use than a full distribution function .	In a disc galaxy the distribution of azimuthal components of velocity is very skew .	In the past this skewness has been modelled by superposed Gaussians .	We use dynamical arguments to derive an analytic formula that can be fitted to observed velocity distributions , and validate it by fits to the velocities derived from a dynamically rigorous model , and to a sample of local stars with accurate space velocities .	It has fewer parameters than a multi-Gaussian fit , and the best-fitting model parameters give insight into the underlying disc dynamics .
+3	Here we show that if one makes a certain analyticity assumption similar to that used to derive the free energy , then one can indeed verify the conjecture .	An outstanding problem in statistical mechanics is the order parameter of the chiral Potts model .	An elegant conjecture for this was made in 1983 .	It has since been successfully tested against series expansions , but as far as the author is aware there is as yet no proof of the conjecture .	The method is based on the `` broken rapidity line '' approach pioneered by Jimbo , Miwa and Nakayashiki .
+0	In this work we study the homotopy theory of coherent group actions from a global point of view , where we allow both the group and the space acted upon to vary .	Using the model of Segal group actions and the model categorical Grothendieck construction we construct a model category encompassing all Segal group actions simultaneously .	We then prove a global rectification result in this setting .	We proceed to develop a general truncation theory for the model-categorical Grothendieck construction and apply it to the case of Segal group actions .	We give a simple characterization of $ n $ -truncated Segal group actions and show that every Segal group action admits a convergent Postnikov tower .
+1	Electronic structure calculations using the local spin-density approximation predicted that Rb4O6 should be a half-metallic ferromagnet , which was later contradicted when an experimental investigation of the temperature dependent magnetization of Rb4O6 showed a low-temperature magnetic transition and differences between zero-field-cooled ( ZFC ) and field-cooled ( FC ) measurements .	Among the various alkali oxides the sesquioxides Rb4O6 and Cs4O6 are of special interest .	Such behavior is known from spin glasses and frustrated systems .	Rb4O6 and Cs4O6 comprise two different types of dioxygen anions , the hyperoxide and the peroxide anions .	The nonmagnetic peroxide anions do not contain unpaired electrons while the hyperoxide anions contain unpaired electrons in antibonding pi*-orbitals .
+1	This allows us to focus on simultaneous approximations rather than small linear forms .	In this paper , we use geometry of numbers to relate two dual Diophantine problems .	As a consequence , we develop a new approach to the perturbation theory for quasi-periodic solutions dealing only with periodic approximations and avoiding classical small divisors estimates .	We obtain two results of stability , in the spirit of the KAM and Nekhoroshev theorems , in the model case of a perturbation of a constant vector field on the $ n $ -dimensional torus .	Our first result , which is a Nekhoroshev type theorem , is the construction of a `` partial '' normal form , that is a normal form with a small remainder whose size depends on the Diophantine properties of the vector .
+3	Earlier light curve modelling of V405 And indeed showed this behaviour : we found that the radius of the primary is significantly larger than the theoretically predicted value for inactive main sequence stars ( the discrepancy is the largest of all known objects ) , while the secondary fits well to the mass-radius relation .	V405 And is an ultrafast-rotating ( P_rot ~ 0.46 days ) eclipsing binary .	The system consists of a primary star with radiative core and convective envelope , and a fully convective secondary .	Theories have shown , that stellar structure can depend on magnetic activity , i.e. , magnetically active M-dwarfs should have larger radii .	By modelling our recently obtained light curves , which show significant changes of the spotted surface of the primary , we can find further proof for this phenomenon .
+2	We are able to reproduce the excess emission from each brown dwarf using our models of irradiated accretion disks .	Using SpeX at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph , we have obtained infrared spectra from 0.7 to 30um for three young brown dwarfs in the TW Hydra Association ( ~10 Myr ) , 2M J1207-3932 , 2M J1139-3159 , and SS J1102-3431 .	The spectral energy distribution for 2M J1139-3159 is consistent with a stellar photosphere for the entire wavelength range of our data while the other two objects exhibit significant excess emission at & gt ; 5um .	According to our model fits , both disks have experienced a high degree of dust settling .	We also find that silicate emission at 10 and 20um is absent from the spectra of these disks , indicating that grains in the upper disk layers have grown to sizes larger than ~5um .
+1	Low-background data were taken with a CsI ( Tl ) crystal array at the Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory .	The inorganic crystal scintillator CsI ( Tl ) has been used for low energy neutrino and Dark Matter experiments , where the intrinsic radiopurity is an issue of major importance .	The pulse shape discrimination capabilities of the crystal , as well as the temporal and spatial correlations of the events , provide powerful means of measuring the intrinsic radiopurity of Cs-137 as well as the U-235 , U-238 and Th-232 series .	The event selection algorithms are described , with which the decay half-lives of Po-218 , Po-214 , Rn-220 , Po-216 and Po-212 were derived .	The measurements of the contamination levels , their concentration gradients with the crystal growth axis , and the uniformity among different crystal samples , are reported .
+4	This paper proposes an algorithm namely Priority-Energy Based Data Forwarding Algorithm ( PEDF ) which empowers the node to choose the most suitable packet forwarding path , based on the priority of the packet and the current energy status of the forwarding node .	A Wireless Sensor Network ( WSN ) can be described as a collection of untethered sensor nodes .	An important application of WSNs is in the field of real-time communication .	Real-time communication is a critical service which requires a qualitative routing protocol for energy-efficient network communication .	The judicious use of energy of the network nodes is essential and important for sustainability and longevity of a WSN .
+1	We use the surface gravity to constrain the compactification radii .	We study the Euler numbers and the entropies of the non-extremal intersecting D-branes in ten-dimensions .	We correctly obtain the integer valued Euler numbers for these radii .	Moreover , the entropies are found to be invariant under the T-duality transformation .	In the extremal limit , we obtain the finite entropies only for two intersecting D-branes .
+0	Non-compact G_2 holonomy metrics that arise from a T^2 bundle over a hyper-Kahler space are discussed .	These are one parameter deformations of the metrics studied by Gibbons , Lu , Pope and Stelle in hep-th/0108191 .	Seven-dimensional spaces with G_2 holonomy fibered over the Taub-Nut and the Eguchi-Hanson gravitational instantons are found , together with other examples .	By considering the Apostolov-Salamon theorem math.DG/0303197 , we construct a new example that , still being a T^2 bundle over hyper-Kahler , represents a non trivial two parameter deformation of the metrics studied in hep-th/0108191 .	We then review the Spin ( 7 ) metrics arising from a T^3 bundle over a hyper-Kahler and we find two parameter deformation of such spaces as well .
+1	The coupling interaction characterizing the chain rigidity and the effective on-site potentials are calculated for three main types of protein secondary structure .	The role of the rigidity of a peptide chain in its equilibrium dynamics is investigated within a realistic model with stringent microscopically derived coupling interaction potential and effective on-site potential .	The coupling interaction is found to be surprisingly weak for all of them but different in character : repulsive for alpha-helix and anti-parallel beta-sheet structures and attractive for parallel beta-sheet structure .	The effective on-site potential is found to be a hard one for alpha-helix and anti-parallel beta-sheet and a soft one for parallel beta-sheet .	In all three types of protein secondary structures a stable zig-zag shape discrete breather ( DB ) associated with the oscillations of torsional ( dihedral ) angles can exist due to weakness of the coupling interaction .
+1	For \sigma // [ 100 ] and [ 110 ] , the antiferromagnetic moment \mu_o is strongly enhanced from 0.02 \mu_B ( \sigma=0 ) to 0.22 \mu_B ( \sigma=2.5 kbar ) at 1.5 K. The rate of increase d\mu_o/d\sigma is roughly estimated to be ~ 0.1 \mu_B/kbar , which is much larger than that for the hydrostatic pressure ( ~ 0.025 \mu_B/kbar ) .	We have performed the elastic neutron scattering experiments under uniaxial stress \sigma along the tetragonal [ 100 ] , [ 110 ] and [ 001 ] directions for URu2Si2 .	Above 2.5 kbar , \mu_o shows a tendency to saturate similar to the behavior in the hydrostatic pressure .	For \sigma // [ 001 ] , on the other hand , \mu_o shows only a slight increase to 0.028 \mu_B ( \sigma = 4.6 kbar ) with a rate of ~ 0.002 \mu_B/kbar .	The observed anisotropy suggests that the competition between the hidden order and the antiferromagnetic state in URu2Si2 is strongly coupled with the tetragonal four-fold symmetry and the c/a ratio , or both .
+2	We build such realistic U ( 3 ) xU ( 2 ) xU ( 1 ) models on stacks of magnetized D9-branes .	We point out that type I string theory in the presence of internal magnetic fields provides a concrete realization of split supersymmetry .	To lowest order , gauginos are massless while squarks and sleptons are superheavy .	Though not unified into a simple group , these theories preserve the successful supersymmetric relation of gauge couplings , as they start out with equal SU ( 3 ) and SU ( 2 ) couplings and the correct initial sin^2\theta_W at the compactification scale of M_ { GUT } \simeq 2x10^ { 16 } GeV , and they have the minimal low-energy particle content of split supersymmetry .	We also propose a mechanism in which the gauginos and higgsinos are further protected by a discrete R-symmetry against gravitational corrections , as the gravitino gets an invariant Dirac mass by pairing with a member of a Kaluza-Klein tower of spin-3/2 particles .
+0	Let q be a power of a prime and E be an elliptic curve defined over F_q .	In `` Combinatorial aspects of elliptic curves '' [ 17 ] , the present author examined a sequence of polynomials which express the N_k 's , the number of points on E over the field extensions F_ { q^k } , in terms of the parameters q and N_1 = # E ( F_q ) .	These polynomials have integral coefficients which alternate in sign , and a combinatorial interpretation in terms of spanning trees of wheel graphs .	In this sequel , we explore further ramifications of this connection .	In particular , we highlight a relationship between elliptic curves and chip-firing games on graphs by comparing the groups structures of both .
+4	We show that , while the decision boundary of a two-layer ReLU network can be captured by a sign network , the sign network can require an exponentially larger number of hidden units .	Rectified Linear Units ( ReLUs ) have been shown to ameliorate the vanishing gradient problem , allow for efficient backpropagation , and empirically promote sparsity in the learned parameters .	Their use has led to state-of-the-art results in a variety of applications .	In this paper , we characterize the expressiveness of ReLU networks .	From this perspective , unlike the sign ( threshold ) and sigmoid activations , ReLU networks are less explored .
+4	It lists and analysis the different Information Retrieval ( IR ) methods and techniques such as query processing , stemming and indexing which are used in AIR systems .	Arabic language is one of the most widely spoken languages .	This language has a complex morphological structure and is considered as one of the most prolific languages in terms of article linguistic .	Therefore , Arabic Information Retrieval ( AIR ) models need specific techniques to deal with this complex morphological structure .	This paper aims to develop an integrate AIR frameworks .
+1	Our primary goal is to investigate the possible systematic change of $ \alpha_ { ox } $ between $ z & gt ; 4 $ and $ z\sim 3 $ , between which a rapid rise of luminous QSO number density with cosmic time is observed .	We report the results of our Chandra observations of six QSOs at $ z\sim 3 $ from the Palomer Transit Grism Survey .	The summed spectrum showed a power-law spectrum with photon index of $ \Gamma \approx 1.9 $ , which is similar to other unabsorbed AGNs .	Combining our $ z\sim 3 $ QSOs with X-ray observations of QSOs at $ z & gt ; 4 $ from literaure/archive , we find a correlation of $ \alpha_ { \rm ox } $ with optical luminosity .	This is consistent with the fact that the luminosity function slope of the luminous end of the X-ray selected QSOs is steeper than that of optically-selected QSOs .
+0	Three-dimensional random tessellations that are stable under iteration ( STIT tessellations ) are considered .	They arise as a result of subsequent cell division , which implies that their cells are not face-to-face .	The edges of the cell-dividing polygons are the so-called I-segments of the tessellation .	The main result is an explicit formula for the distribution of the number of vertices in the relative interior of the typical I-segment .	On the way of its proof other distributional identities for the typical as well as for the length-weighted typical I-segment are obtained .
+4	Amorphous carbon structures containing trivalent elements like P , N. B.4 .	We present a collection of experimental evidence on UFOs : Unidentified Ferromagnetic Organic structures .	Five types of carbon magnets have been obtained experimentally : 1 .	Chains of interacting radicals 2 .	Carbonaceous substances with a mixture of sp2 and sp3 coordinated atoms 3 .
+4	Cut the sphere open along $ \alpha $ .	Using Thurston 's characterization of postcritically finite rational functions as branched coverings of the sphere to itself , we give a new method of constructing new conformal dynamical systems out of old ones .	Let $ f ( z ) $ be a rational map and suppose that the postcritical set $ P ( f ) $ is finite .	Let $ \alpha $ be an embedded closed arc in the sphere and suppose that $ f| { \alpha } $ is a homeomorphism .	Define a branched covering $ g $ as follows .
+4	Echoes can trigger new explosions .	We form sub-micrometer-sized vapor bubbles around a single laser heating gold nanoparticle in a liquid and monitor them through optical scattering of a probe laser .	The fast , inertia-governed expansion is followed by a slower contraction and disappearance after some tens of nanoseconds .	In a narrow range of illumination powers , bubble time traces show a clear echo signature .	We attribute it to sound waves released upon the initial explosion and reflected by flat interfaces , hundreds of microns away from the particle .
+4	Within the single-band Hubbard model in the limit $ U\gg t $ , the memory function is calculated via its moments and shown to project out the high-energy scale U .	The anomalous frequency and doping dependence of the Hall constant in the normal state of high-T_c superconductors are investigated within models of strongly correlated electron systems .	In Mori theory , the transition of the Hall constant from infinite to zero frequency is described by a memory function .	It naturally introduces a second time scale , that , within the t-J model , is identified with the spinon relaxation time of Anderson .	This provides us with a phenomenological understanding of the interplay between the frequency and temperature dependence of the Hall constant for frequencies below the Mott-Hubbard gap .
+4	This non-local effect is due to nonlinear wave interactions within the undular bore and can lead to an additional solitary wave amplitude growth , which can not be predicted in the framework of the traditional adiabatic approach to the propagation of solitary waves in slowly varying media .	This paper considers the propagation of shallow-water solitary and nonlinear periodic waves over a gradual slope with bottom friction in the framework of a variable-coefficient Korteweg-de Vries equation .	We use the Whitham averaging method , using a recent development of this theory for perturbed integrable equations .	This general approach enables us not only to improve known results on the adiabatic evolution of isolated solitary waves and periodic wave trains in the presence of variable topography and bottom friction , modeled by the Chezy law , but also importantly , to study the effects of these factors on the propagation of undular bores , which are essentially unsteady in the system under consideration .	In particular , it is shown that the combined action of variable topography and bottom friction generally imposes certain global restrictions on the undular bore propagation so that the evolution of the leading solitary wave can be substantially different from that of an isolated solitary wave with the same initial amplitude .
+3	We calculate multiplicities for different sets of Fock states to compute the role of strange sea for cascade doublet { \Xi } + , and { \Xi } -.The low energy properties like magnetic moment , weak decay matrix elements and axial coupling constant ratios have been studied .	We treat the hadrons as an ensemble of quark-gluon Fock states where contributions from sea-quarks and gluons can be studied in detail for the properties of low lying baryons .	Statistical model is applied to calculate individual probabilities from various scalar , vector and tensor sea components in flavor , spin and color subspaces for each quark-gluon Fock state .	The mass of strange quark is imposed in terms of constraints to the availability of strange quarks in the sea and free energy of gluons in conformity with experimental indications .	The incorporation of strange quark gluon sea is discussed and they found to affect the results by almost 46 % .
+0	We investigated the impacts of magnetorotational instability ( MRI ) on the dynamics of weakly magnetized , rapidly rotating core-collapse by conducting high resolution MHD simulations in axisymmetry with simplified neutrino transfer .	We found that an initially sub-magnetar class magnetic field is drastically amplified by MRI and substantially affects the dynamics thereafter .	Although the magnetic pressure is not strong enough to eject matter , the amplified magnetic field efficiently transfers angular momentum from higher to lower latitudes , which causes the expansion of the heating region at low latitudes due to the extra centrifugal force .	This then enhance the efficiency of neutrino heating and eventually leads to neutrino-driven explosion .	This is a new scenario of core-collapse supernovae that has never been demonstrated by numerical simulations so far .
+4	Performance and practical implications of the method are illustrated on a benchmark model governing dynamics of voltage in generated in barnacle giant muscle .	We propose a technique for reformulation of state and parameter estimation problems as that of matching explicitly computable definite integrals with known kernels to data .	The technique applies for a class of systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and is aimed to exploit parallel computational streams in order to increase speed of calculations .	The idea is based on the classical adaptive observers design .	It has been shown that in case the data is periodic it may be possible to reduce dimensionality of the inference problem to that of the dimension of the vector of parameters entering the right-hand side of the model nonlinearly .
+1	Then there is a finite collection $ \mathcal { F } $ of manifolds of the form $ \mathbb { S } ^3 \times \mathbb { R } /G $ , where $ G $ is a discrete subgroup of the isometry group of the round cylinder $ \mathbb { S } ^3\times \mathbb { R } $ on which $ G $ acts freely , such that $ X $ is diffeomorphic to a possibly infinite connected sum of $ \mathbb { S } ^4 , \mathbb { RP } ^4 $ and members of $ \mathcal { F } $ .	We prove the following result : Let $ ( X , g_0 ) $ be a complete , connected 4-manifold with uniformly positive isotropic curvature and with bounded geometry .	This extends recent work of Chen-Tang-Zhu and Huang .	We also extend the above result to the case of orbifolds .	The proof uses Ricci flow with surgery on complete orbifolds .
+0	Diamond photonics provides an attractive architecture to explore room temperature cavity quantum electrodynamics and to realize scalable multi-qubit computing .	Here we review the present state of diamond photonic technology .	The design , fabrication and characterization of a novel triangular cross section nanobeam cavity produced in a single crystal diamond is demonstrated .	The present cavity design , based on a triangular cross section allows vertical confinement and better signal collection efficiency than that of slab-based nanocavities , and eliminates the need for a pre-existing membrane .	The nanobeam is fabricated by Focused-Ion-Beam ( FIB ) patterning .
+1	If interpreted in terms of thermal dark matter ( DM ) annihilation , the AMS-02 result still suggests that the DM annihilation cross section in the present day should be significantly larger than that at freeze out .	The first AMS-02 measurement confirms the existence of an excess in the cosmic-ray positron fraction previously reported by the PAMELA and Fermi-LAT experiments .	The Sommerfeld enhancement of DM annihilation cross section as a possible explanation for the observed excesses is subject to constraint from the DM thermal relic density , mainly due to the annihilation of DM particles into force-carrier particles introduced by the mechanism .	We show that the effect of the Sommerfeld enhancement and the relic density constraint depend significantly on the nature of the force-carrier .	Three cases where the force-carrier is a vector boson , scalar and pseudoscalar particle are investigated and compared with each other .
+4	Simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm works efficiently .	Engineering optimization is typically multiobjective and multidisciplinary with complex constraints , and the solution of such complex problems requires efficient optimization algorithms .	Recently , Xin-She Yang proposed a bat-inspired algorithm for solving nonlinear , global optimisation problems .	In this paper , we extend this algorithm to solve multiobjective optimisation problems .	The proposed multiobjective bat algorithm ( MOBA ) is first validated against a subset of test functions , and then applied to solve multiobjective design problems such as welded beam design .
+0	Since Buchberger 's initial algorithm for computing Gr\ '' obner bases in 1965 many attempts have been taken to detect zero reductions in advance .	Buchberger 's Product and Chain criteria may be known the most , especially in the installaton of Gebauer and M\ '' oller .	A relatively new approach are signature-based criteria which were first used in Faug\`ere 's F5 algorithm in 2002 .	For regular input sequences these criteria are known to compute no zero reduction at all .	In this paper we give a detailed discussion on zero reductions and the corresponding syzygies .
+4	These results are used in conjunction with semiclassical and boundary-operator expansions and a trace formula to derive exact analytical results for a number of quantities such as two-point functions , universal amplitudes of two excess surface quantities , the universal amplitude difference associated with the thermal singularity of the surface free energy , and potential coefficients .	The $ O ( n ) $ $ \phi^4 $ model on a strip bounded by a pair of planar free surfaces at separation $ L $ can be solved exactly in the large- $ n $ limit in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a self-consistent one-dimensional Schr\ '' odinger equation .	The scaling limit of a continuum version of this model is considered .	It is shown that the self-consistent potential can be eliminated in favor of scattering data by means of appropriately extended methods of inverse scattering theory .	The scattering data ( Jost function ) associated with the self-consistent potential are determined for the $ { L=\infty } $ semi-infinite case in the scaling regime for all values of the temperature scaling field $ t= ( T-T_c ) /T_c $ above and below the bulk critical temperature $ T_c $ .
+4	Interpretation of the results depends on the response to fluorine and carbon recoils , but in general we find agreement with the predictions of the classical bubble nucleation theory .	We have directly measured the energy threshold and efficiency for bubble nucleation from iodine recoils in a CF3I bubble chamber in the energy range of interest for a dark matter search .	These interactions can not be probed by standard neutron calibration methods , so we develop a new technique by observing the elastic scattering of 12 GeV/c negative pions .	The pions are tracked with a silicon pixel telescope and the reconstructed scattering angle provides a measure of the nuclear recoil kinetic energy .	The bubble chamber was operated with a nominal threshold of ( 13.6+-0.6 ) keV .
+0	Viale \cite { Viale_GuessingModel } introduced the notion of Generic Laver Diamond at $ \kappa $ -- -which we denote $ \Diamond_ { \text { Lav } } ( \kappa ) $ -- -asserting the existence of a single function from $ \kappa \to H_\kappa $ that behaves much like a supercompact Laver function , except with generic elementary embeddings rather than internal embeddings .	Viale proved that the Proper Forcing Axiom ( PFA ) implies $ \Diamond_ { \text { Lav } } ( \omega_2 ) $ .	We strengthen his theorem by weakening the hypothesis to a statement strictly weaker than PFA .	We also show that the principle $ \Diamond_ { \text { Lav } } ( \kappa ) $ provides a uniform , simple construction of 2-cardinal diamonds , and prove that $ \Diamond_ { \text { Lav } } ( \kappa ) $ is quite prevalent in models of set theory ; in particular : 1 ) $ L $ satisfies $ \Diamond_ { \text { Lav } } ^+ ( \kappa ) $ whenever $ \kappa $ is a successor cardinal , or when the appropriate version of Chang 's Conjecture fails .	2 ) For any successor cardinal $ \kappa $ , there is a $ \kappa $ -directed closed class forcing -- -namely , the forcing from Friedman-Holy \cite { MR2860182 } -- -that forces $ \Diamond_ { \text { Lav } } ( \kappa ) $ .
+2	Large models with repetitive structure are handled efficiently because ( i ) functions that occur repeatedly need to be stored only once , and ( ii ) distinct functions can be implemented differently , using different encodings alongside each other in the same model .	OpenGM is a C++ template library for defining discrete graphical models and performing inference on these models , using a wide range of state-of-the-art algorithms .	No restrictions are imposed on the factor graph to allow for higher-order factors and arbitrary neighborhood structures .	Several parametric functions ( e.g.metrics ) , sparse and dense value tables are provided and so is an interface for custom C++ code .	Algorithms are separated by design from the representation of graphical models and are easily exchangeable .
+4	While our Milky Way is only one galaxy , a theory in which its properties are very anomalous most probably needs to be revised .	Our Milky Way Galaxy is a typical large spiral galaxy , representative of the most common morphological type in the local Universe .	We can determine the properties of individual stars in unusual detail , and use the characteristics of the stellar populations of the Galaxy as templates in understanding more distant galaxies .	The star formation history and merging history of the Galaxy is written in its stellar populations ; these reveal that the Galaxy has evolved rather quietly over the last ~10 Gyr .	More detailed simulations of galaxy formation are needed , but this result apparently makes our Galaxy unusual if Lambda CDM is indeed the correct cosmological paradigm for structure formation .
+2	In this paper we give density-functional definitions of spin-conserving gaps , spin-flip gaps and the spin stiffness in terms of many-body energies and in terms of single-particle ( Kohn-Sham ) energies .	Energy gaps are crucial aspects of the electronic structure of finite and extended systems .	Whereas much is known about how to define and calculate charge gaps in density-functional theory ( DFT ) , and about the relation between these gaps and derivative discontinuities of the exchange-correlation functional , much less is know about spin gaps .	Our definitions are as analogous as possible to those commonly made in the charge case , but important differences between spin and charge gaps emerge already on the single-particle level because unlike the fundamental charge gap spin gaps involve excited-state energies .	Kohn-Sham and many-body spin gaps are predicted to differ , and the difference is related to derivative discontinuities that are similar to , but distinct from , those usually considered in the case of charge gaps .
+1	By the recently proved Razumov -- Stroganov conjecture , these quantities also appear as groundstate components in the Completely Packed Loop model .	We are interested in the enumeration of Fully Packed Loop configurations on a grid with a given noncrossing matching .	When considering matchings with p nested arches , these numbers are known to be polynomials in p. In this article , we present several conjectures about these polynomials : in particular , we describe all real roots , certain values of these polynomials , and conjecture that the coefficients are positive .	The conjectures , which are of a combinatorial nature , are supported by strong numerical evidence and the proofs of several special cases .	We also give a version of the conjectures when an extra parameter tau is added to the equations defining the groundstate of the Completely Packed Loop model .
+1	With the help of an extended definition of the $ \chi^2 $ function , we now can more efficiently exploit the constraints the different data sets offer , for gluon shadowing in particular , and account for the overall data normalization uncertainties during the automated $ \chi^2 $ minimization .	We present an improved leading-order global DGLAP analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions ( nPDFs ) , supplementing the traditionally used data from deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering and Drell-Yan dilepton production in proton-nucleus collisions , with inclusive high- $ p_T $ hadron production data measured at RHIC in d+Au collisions .	The very good simultaneous fit to the nuclear hard process data used demonstrates the feasibility of a universal set of nPDFs , but also limitations become visible .	The high- $ p_T $ forward-rapidity hadron data of BRAHMS add a new crucial constraint into the analysis by offering a direct probe for the nuclear gluon distributions -- a sector in the nPDFs which has traditionally been very badly constrained .	We obtain a strikingly stronger gluon shadowing than what has been estimated in previous global analyses .
+2	If $ \mu $ is a finite Borel measure and $ u_r ( \theta ) $ is its Poisson integral then for each $ 1\leq p\leq \infty $ the estimate $ \|u_r\|_p=O ( ( 1-r ) ^ { 1/p-1 } ) $ as $ r\to 1 $ is sharp .	If $ f $ is a real-valued function on $ [ -\pi , \pi ] $ that is Henstock -- Kurzweil integrable , let $ u_r ( \theta ) $ be its Poisson integral .	It is shown that $ \|u_r\|_p=o ( 1/ ( 1-r ) ) $ as $ r\to 1 $ and this estimate is sharp for $ 1\leq p\leq\infty $ .	The Alexiewicz norm estimates $ \|u_r\|\leq\|f\| $ ( $ 0\leq r & lt ; 1 $ ) and $ \|u_r-f\|\to 0 $ ( $ r\to 1 $ ) hold .	These estimates lead to two uniqueness theorems for the Dirichlet problem in the unit disc with Henstock -- Kurzweil integrable boundary data .
+3	The fine structures are explained using degenerate perturbation theory .	At large anisotropies , the spectrum of the Heisenberg XXZ spin chain separates into `bands ' with energies largely determined by the number of domain walls .	The band structure is richer with open boundary conditions : there are more bands and the bands develop intricate fine structures .	We characterize and explain these structures and substructures in the open-boundary chain .	We also present some dynamical consequences of these sub-band structures , through explicit time evolution of the wavefunction from initial states motivated by the fine structure analysis .
+2	Secondly , applying the perturbative theory which works when the cavity wall begins to move at time origin , we find that the non-adiabatic force is quadratic in the wall velocity and thereby does not break the time-reversal symmetry , in contrast with the general belief .	We consider a quantum gas of non-interacting particles confined in the expanding cavity , and investigate the nature of the non-adiabatic force which is generated from the gas and acts on the cavity wall .	Firstly , with use of the time-dependent canonical transformation which transforms the expanding cavity to the non-expanding one , we can define the force operator .	Finally , using an assembly of the transitionless quantum states , we obtain the nonadiabatic force exactly .	The exact result justifies the validity of both the definition of force operator and the issue of the perturbative theory .
+3	The precursors have typical delays of several tens of seconds extending ( in few cases ) up to 200 seconds ( the limit of the investigated period ) .	We study a sample of bright long BATSE GRB light curves in the 200 s before the detection of the GRB prompt emission .	We find that in a sizable fraction of cases ( 20 % ) there is evidence of emission above the background coming from the same direction of the GRB .	This emission is characterised by a softer spectrum with respect to the main one and contains a small fraction ( 0.1-1 % ) of the total event counts .	Their spectra are typically non-thermal power-law but for a few cases .
+1	The extreme limit corresponds to making this parameter equal to zero .	The Bowen-York family of spinning black hole initial data depends essentially on one , positive , free parameter .	This choice represents a singular limit for the constraint equations .	We prove that in this limit a new solution of the constraint equations is obtained .	These initial data have similar properties to the extreme Kerr and Reissner-Nordstrom black hole initial data .
+2	In particular relevant notions and definitions are reminded .	Recently the explicit applicability of bound entanglement in quantum cryptography has been shown .	In this paper some of recent results respecting this topic are reviewed .	The new construction of bound entangled states containing secure correlations is presented .	It provides low dimensional 6\otimes6 bound entangled states with nonzero distillable key .
+2	A new high-precision measurement of the electromagnetic transition form factors of the $ \eta $ and $ \omega $ mesons is presented , complemented with a measurement of the temperature parameter of the $ \rho $ meson in cold nuclear matter .	The NA60 experiment has studied low-mass muon pair production in proton-nucleus collisions with a system of Be , Cu , In , W , Pb and U targets using a 400 GeV/ $ c $ proton beam at the CERN SPS .	The mass spectrum is well described by the superposition of the two-body and Dalitz decays of the light neutral mesons $ \eta $ , $ \rho $ , $ \omega $ , $ \eta ' $ and $ \phi $ .	The $ \pt $ spectra for the $ \omega $ and $ \phi $ mesons are extracted in the full $ \pt $ range accessible , up to $ \pt = 2 $ GeV/ $ c $ .	The nuclear dependence of the production cross sections for the $ \eta $ , $ \omega $ and $ \phi $ mesons has been investigated in terms of the power law $ \sigma_\mathrm { pA } \propto \mathrm { A } ^\alpha $ , and the $ \alpha $ parameter was studied as a function of $ \pt $ .
+0	Several algorithms and tools have been developed to ( semi ) automate the process of glycan identification by interpreting Mass Spectrometric data .	However , each has limitations when annotating MSn data with thousands of MS spectra using uncurated public databases .	Moreover , the existing tools are not designed to manage MSn data where n & gt ; 2 .	We propose a novel software package to automate the annotation of tandem MS data .	This software consists of two major components .
+4	We motivate our definition by explicit construction of noncommutative analog of Lax matrix for a system of differential equations on associative algebra recently proposed by Kontsevich .	We formulate an analog of Inverse Scattering Method for integrable systems on noncommutative associative algebras .	In particular we define Hamilton flows , Casimir elements and noncommutative analog of the Lax matrix .	The noncommutative Lax element generates infinite family of commuting Hamilton flows on an associative algebra .	The proposed approach to integrable systems on associative algebras satisfy certain universal property , in particular it incorporates both classical and quantum integrable systems as well as provides a basis for further generalization .
+0	We have studied the body-centered cubic ( bcc ) , face-centered cubic ( fcc ) and hexagonal close-packed ( hcp ) phases of Fe alloyed with 25 at .	% of Ni at Earth 's core conditions using an ab initio local density approximation + dynamical mean-field theory ( LDA+DMFT ) approach .	The alloys have been modeled by ordered crystal structures based on the bcc , fcc , and hcp unit cells with minimum possible cell size allowing for the proper composition .	Our calculations demonstrate that the strength of electronic correlations on the Fe 3d shell is highly sensitive to the phase and local environment .	In the bcc phase the 3d electrons at the Fe site with Fe only nearest neighbors remain rather strongly correlated even at extreme pressure-temperature conditions , with the local and uniform magnetic susceptibility exhibiting a Curie-Weiss-like temperature evolution and the quasi-particle lifetime { \Gamma } featuring a non-Fermi-liquid temperature dependence .
+3	We study their evolution by computing the [ OIII ] 5007A line luminosity function ( LF ) and we constrain the fraction of obscured AGN as a function of luminosity and redshift .	We present a catalog of 213 type-2 AGN selected from the zCOSMOS survey .	The selected sample covers a wide redshift range ( 0.15 & lt ; z & lt ; 0.92 ) and is deeper than any other previous study , encompassing the luminosity range 10^ { 5.5 } & lt ; Lsun & lt ; L [ OIII ] & lt ; 10^ { 9.1 } Lsun .	We explore the intrinsic properties of these AGN and the relation to their X-ray emission ( derived from the XMM-COSMOS observations ) .	The sample was selected on the basis of the optical emission line ratios , after applying a cut to the signal-to-noise ratio ( S/N ) of the relevant lines .
+4	Another apt example is that of superconducting states in layered superconductors described by the same NSE .	We discuss stationary solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation ( NSE ) applicable to several quantum spin , electron and classical lattice systems .	We show that there may arise chaotic spatial structures in the form of incommensurate or irregular quantum states and trajectories in space .	As a first ( typical ) example we consider a single electron which is strongly coupled with phonons on a 1D chain of atoms .	In the adiabatic approximation the system is conventionally described by a discrete set of NSEs .
+4	For this purpose , we introduce a general geometric transformation between individual images .	We present a two-channel deconvolution method that decomposes images into a parametric point-source channel and a pixelized extended-source channel .	Based on the central idea of the deconvolution algorithm proposed by Magain , Courbin & amp ; Sohy ( 1998 ) , the method aims at improving the resolution of the data rather than at completely removing the point spread function ( PSF ) .	Improvements over the original method include a better regularization of the pixel channel of the image , based on wavelet filtering and multiscale analysis , and a better controlled separation of the point source vs. the extended source .	In addition , the method is able to simultaneously deconvolve many individual frames of the same object taken with different instruments under different PSF conditions .
+1	We assembled the newly developed SDCCD that the scintillator CsI ( Tl ) is below the fully depleted CCD .	A Scintillator Deposited CCD ( SDCCD ) is a wide-band X-ray detector consisting of a CCD and a scintillator directly attached to each other .	The incident X-rays enter the CCD depletion layer first .	Then , X-rays passing through the depletion layer are absorbed in the CsI ( Tl ) .	The contact surface of the CCD is a back-illuminated side so that we can have good light collection efficiency .
+2	In particular , ultrafast twin- beam generation via pulsed parametric down-conversion ( PDC ) and four-wave mixing ( FWM ) is only possible in short crystals or fibres or in double-path schemes .	Walk-off effects , originating from the difference between the group and phase velocities , limit the efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions .	While transverse walk-off can be eliminated by proper medium engineering , longitudinal walk-off is harder to avoid .	Here we show that in high-gain PDC , one can overcome the destructive role of both effects and even turn them into useful tools for shaping the emission .	In our experiment , one of the twin beams is emitted along the pump Poynting vector or its group velocity matches that of the pump .
+3	The shortest perfect $ ( A+B ) $ -path packing problem is : given an undirected graph $ G $ and two disjoint node subsets $ A , B $ with even cardinalities , find a shortest $ |A|/2+|B|/2 $ disjoint paths whose ends are both in $ A $ or both in $ B $ .	Bj\ '' orklund and Husfeldt developed a randomized polynomial time algorithm to solve the shortest two disjoint paths problem .	Their algorithm is based on computation of permanents modulo 4 and the isolation lemma .	In this paper , we consider the following generalization of the shortest two disjoint paths problem , and develop a similar algebraic algorithm .	Besides its NP-hardness , we prove that this problem can be solved in randomized polynomial time if $ |A|+|B| $ is fixed .
+3	The $ ^ { 222 } $ Rn decay rate in the liquid argon was measured to be between 16 and \SI { 26 } { \micro\becquerel\per\kilogram } .	The DEAP-1 \SI { 7 } { kg } single phase liquid argon scintillation detector was operated underground at SNOLAB in order to test the techniques and measure the backgrounds inherent to single phase detection , in support of the \mbox { DEAP-3600 } Dark Matter detector .	Backgrounds in DEAP are controlled through material selection , construction techniques , pulse shape discrimination and event reconstruction .	This report details the analysis of background events observed in three iterations of the DEAP-1 detector , and the measures taken to reduce them .	We found that the background spectrum near the region of interest for Dark Matter detection in the DEAP-1 detector can be described considering events from three sources : radon daughters decaying on the surface of the active volume , the expected rate of electromagnetic events misidentified as nuclear recoils due to inefficiencies in the pulse shape discrimination , and leakage of events from outside the fiducial volume due to imperfect position reconstruction .
+3	We carry out a detailed study of gravitino dark matter scenarios in which the lighter stau is the lightest Standard Model superpartner and thus the CHAMP .	We consider physics beyond the Standard Model in which a long-lived electromagnetically charged massive particle species ( CHAMP ) appears .	We discuss the unique sensitivity the early Universe exhibits on the mere presence and on the decay of such a particle .	A CHAMP can be realized in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model .	Particularly stringent constraints on the gravitino-stau scenario arise from the thermal catalysis of primordial nucleosynthesis reactions .
+1	Both the modulus and the angular directions of the complex scalar are slowly rolling , leading to two-field inflation .	We consider a simple inflation model with a complex scalar field coupled to gravity non-minimally .	The modulus direction becomes flat due to the non-minimal coupling , and the angular direction becomes a pseudo-Goldstone boson from a small breaking of the global U ( 1 ) symmetry .	We show that large non-Gaussianity can be produced during slow-roll inflation under a reasonable assumption on the initial condition of the angular direction .	This scenario may be realized in particle physics models such as the Standard Model with two Higgs doublets .
+1	The spectra in Ca doped samples , however , exhibit two distinct features .	We investigate the effect of temperature on the electronic and crystal structures of Ca1-xSrxRuO3 via the evolution of O 1s core level spectra as a function of temperature and composition , x. O 1s spectra in SrRuO3 exhibit a dominant sharp feature at all the temperatures with a small trace of impurity feature at higher binding energies .	Analysis of the experimental spectral functions and the band structure results suggest that different Madelung potential at the two types of oxygen sites in the orthorhombically distorted structure leads to such splitting in the O 1s spectra .	Interestingly , the energy separation of these two features becomes smaller at low temperatures in the Ca dominated samples concomitant to the observation of non-Fermi liquid behavior in their bulk properties .	Such temperature evolution , thus , indicates a direct connection of the lattice degrees of freedom with the electronic properties of these compounds .
+2	For the former case , we apply various Legendre polynomials as basis functions and obtain the superconvergence points , which naturally unify the superconvergence points for the first order derivative presented in [ Z. Zhang , SIAM J. Numer .	We investigate superconvergence properties of the spectral interpolation involving fractional derivatives .	Our interest in this superconvergence problem is , in fact , twofold : when interpolating function values , we identify the points at which fractional derivatives of the interpolant superconverge ; when interpolating fractional derivatives , we locate those points where function values of the interpolant superconverge .	Anal. , 50 ( 2012 ) , 2966-2985 ] , depending on orders of fractional derivatives .	While for the latter case , we utilize Petrov-Galerkin method based on generalized Jacobi functions ( GJF ) [ S. Chen et al. , arXiv : 1407 .
+0	We present a unified method for analysing form factors in B - & gt ; pi l nu-bar_l and B - & gt ; K* gamma decays .	The analysis provides consistency checks on the q^2 and 1/M extrapolations necessary to obtain the physical decay rates .	For the first time the q^2 dependence of the form factors is obtained at the B scale .	In the B - & gt ; pi l nu-bar_l case , we show that pole fits to f^+ may not be consistent with the q^2 behaviour of f^0 , leading to a possible factor of two uncertainty in the decay rate and hence in the value of |V_ { ub } |^2 deduced from it .	For B - & gt ; K* gamma , from the combined analysis of form factors T_1 and T_2 , we find the hadronisation ratio R_ { K^* } of the exclusive B - & gt ; K* gamma to the inclusive b - & gt ; s gamma rates is of order 35 % or 15 % for constant and pole-type behaviour of T_2 respectively .
+3	The spatial and temporal evolution of the fast-ion distribution is determined using a fission chamber , a radially-scanning collimated neutron flux monitor , a fast-ion deuterium alpha spectrometer and a charged fusion product detector .	The results of a comprehensive investigation into the effects of toroidicity-induced Alfv\ ' { e } n eigenmodes ( TAE ) and energetic particle modes on the NBI-generated fast-ion population in MAST plasmas are reported .	Fast-ion redistribution due to frequency-chirping TAE in the range 50 kHz to 100 kHz , and frequency-chirping energetic particle modes known as fishbones in the range 20 kHz to 50 kHz , is observed .	TAE and fishbones are also observed to cause losses of fast ions from the plasma .	Modelling using the global transport analysis code TRANSP , with ad hoc anomalous diffusion and fishbone loss models introduced , reproduces the coarsest features of the affected fast-ion distribution in the presence of energetic-particle-driven modes .
+4	This system provides a model for magnetized plasmas .	This paper is devoted to the numerical approximation of a degenerate anisotropic elliptic problem .	The numerical method is designed for arbitrary space-dependent anisotropy directions and does not require any specially adapted coordinate system .	It is also designed to be equally accurate in the strongly and the mildly anisotropic cases .	The method is applied to the Euler-Lorentz system , in the drift-fluid limit .
+4	The pendulum is powered by the energy stored in the capacitance between the stationary aluminum plate and the pendulum plate .	A pendulum powered by high voltage electricity is described .	The pendulum consists of two conducting plates ( thin foil ) separated by copper rods and are insulated from each other .	High voltage is applied to these plates through the connecting copper rods .	Another stationary aluminum plate ( thin foil ) is placed in front of the pendulum such that it serves to attract the pendulum plates and makes electrical contact with them enabling charge transfer between the stationary plate and the pendulum plates .
+0	Results of forward modelling of acoustic wave propagation in a realistic solar sub-photosphere with two cases of steady horizontal flows are presented and analysed by the means of local helioseismology .	The simulations are based on fully compressible ideal hydrodynamical modelling in a Cartesian grid .	The initial model is characterised by solar density and pressure stratifications taken from the standard Model S and is adjusted in order to suppress convective instability .	Acoustic waves are excited by a non-harmonic source located below the depth corresponding to the visible surface of the Sun .	Numerical experiments with coherent horizontal flows of linear and Gaussian dependences of flow speed on depth are carried out .
+0	Hitting times are the average time it takes a walk to reach a given final vertex from a given starting vertex .	The hitting time for a classical random walk on a connected graph will always be finite .	We show that , by contrast , quantum walks can have infinite hitting times for some initial states .	We seek criteria to determine if a given walk on a graph will have infinite hitting times , and find a sufficient condition , which for discrete time quantum walks is that the degeneracy of the evolution operator be greater than the degree of the graph .	The set of initial states which give an infinite hitting time form a subspace .
+0	The question on the dominant driving mechanism ( displacive or order-disorder ) at each structural phase transition of KNbO3 is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations .	To this purpose , we first develop a shell model by determining its potential parameters in order to reproduce the ferroelectric instabilities obtained by first-principles total energy calculations .	The phase diagram as a function of temperature is obtained through constant-pressure molecular dynamics simulations .	The analysis of the dynamical structure factor and the microscopic dynamics of the particles in the different phases allows us to reveal the nature of the dynamics associated with each structural transition .	Correlations between local polarizations forming chain-like precursor clusters in the paraelectric phase are examined .
+0	We investigate the time-dependent behavior of Crab-like pulsar wind nebulae ( PWNe ) generating a set of models using 4 different initial spin-down luminosities ( $ L_0 =\ { 1,0.1,0.01,0.001\ } \times L_ { 0 , { \rm Crab } } $ ) , 8 values of magnetic fraction ( $ \eta = $ 0.001 , 0.01 , 0.03 , 0.1 , 0.5 , 0.9 , 0.99 , and 0.999 , i.e. , from fully particle dominated to fully magnetically dominated nebulae ) , and 3 distinctive ages : 940 , 3000 , and 9000 years .	We find that the self-synchrotron Compton ( SSC ) contribution is irrelevant for $ L_ { SD } $ =0.1 , 1 , and 10 % of the Crab power , disregarding the age and the magnetic fraction .	SSC only becomes relevant for highly energetic ( $ \sim 70 % $ of the Crab ) , particle dominated nebulae at low ages ( of less than a few kyr ) , located in a FIR background with relatively low energy density .	Since no pulsar other than Crab is known to have these features , these results clarify why the Crab Nebula , and only it , is SSC dominated .	No young PWN would be detectable at TeV energies if the pulsar 's spin-down power is 0.1 % Crab or lower .
+3	The transition region gets shifted to smaller temperatures and the transition region broadens with increasing baryon number .	We discuss the non-zero baryon number formulation of QCD in the quenched limit at finite temperature .	This describes the thermodynamics of gluons in the background of static quark sources .	Although a sign problem remains in this theory , our simulation results show that it can be handled quite well numerically .	Although the action is in our formulation explicitly Z ( 3 ) symmetric the Polyakov loop expectation value becomes non-zero already in the low temperature phase and the heavy quark potential gets screened at non-vanishing number density already this phase .
+3	Long-range divergences , which render the virial expansion intractable for homogeneous bulk systems , are shown to be renormalizable for the case of inhomogeneous distribution functions by a systematic expansion in inverse powers of the coupling parameter .	The Poisson-Boltzmann approach gives asymptotically exact counter-ion density profiles around charged objects in the weak-coupling limit of low valency and high temperature .	In this paper we derive , using field-theoretic methods , a theory which becomes exact in the opposite limit of strong coupling .	Formally , it corresponds to a standard virial expansion .	For a planar charged wall , our analytical results compare quantitatively with extensive Monte-Carlo simulations .
+0	Aims : The production of molecular hydrogen and its deuterated forms onto carbonaceous dust grains is investigated in detail .	The goal of this study is to estimate the importance of the chemistry occuring on grain surfaces for the deuteration of H2 .	Furthermore , we aim to find a robust and general surface chemical model which can be used in different astrophysical environments .	Methods : Surface processes are described for the cases of graphitic and amorphous -- carbon grains , where laboratory work is available .	Langmuir -- Hinshelwood as well as Eley -- Rideal surface chemistries are included in the model and their relative contributions are highlighted .
+4	In evaluating the residua of the form factors at their nearest pole we needed the vector meson decay constants $ f_ { D^\ast } $ and $ f_ { B^\ast } $ , which we computed by using the numerical simulations of QCD on the lattice with $ N_ { \rm f } =2 $ dynamical quarks .	After improving the knowledge about residua of the semileptonic form factor at its first two poles we show that $ f_+^ { D\pi } ( q^2 ) $ is not saturated when compared with the experimental data .	To fill the difference we approximate the rest of discontinuity by an effective pole and show that the data can be described very well with the position of the effective pole larger than the next excitation in the spectrum of $ D^\ast $ state .	The results of fits with experimental data also suggest the validity of superconvergence which in the pole models translates to a vanishing of the sum of residua of the form factor at all poles .	A similar discussion in the case of $ B\to \pi \ell\nu_\ell $ leads to the possibility of extracting $ \vert V_ { ub } \vert $ , the error of which appears to be dominated by $ g_ { B^\ast B\pi } $ , which can be nowadays computed on the lattice .
+2	( 1999 ) reached the conclusion that the classical scheme for the treatment of convection represents a good and sufficient approximation for convective interiors .	The young LMC cluster NGC 1866 represents the ideal laboratory for testing stellar evolutionary models : in particular , it can be used to discriminate among classical stellar models , in which the extension of the convective regions is fixed by the classical Schwarzschild criterion , from models with overshooting , in which an `` extra-mixing '' is considered to take place beyond the classical limit of the convective zone .	Addressing this subject in a recent work , Testa et al .	Using their own data , we repeat here the analysis .	First we revise the procedure followed by Testa et al .
+1	We conclude that the presence of the 1/q^2-term in the SVZ-expansion due to a tachyonic gluon mass appears naturally in the Minimum Soft Wall ( MSW ) and the Gauge/String Dual ( GSD ) models which can also reproduce semi-quantitatively some of the higher dimension condensate contributions appearing in the OPE .	Considering the classical two-point correlators built from ( axial ) -vector , scalar \bar qq and gluonium currents , we confront results obtained using the SVZ + 1/q^2 expansion to the ones from some QCD holographic models in the Euclidian region and with negative dilaton \Phi_i ( z ) =- |c_i^2| z^2 .	The Hard-Wall model shows a large departure from the SVZ + 1/q^2 expansion in the vector , scalar and gluonium channels due to the absence of any power corrections .	The equivalence of the MSW and GSD models is manifest in the vector channel through the relation of the dilaton parameter with the tachyonic gluon mass .	For approximately reproducing the phenomenological values of the dimension d=4,6 condensates , the holographic models require a tachyonic gluon mass ( \alpha_s/\pi ) \lambda^2= - ( 0.12- 0.14 ) GeV^2 , which is about twice the fitted phenomenological value from e^+e^- data .
+4	This system is unstable , broken and present form of four dimensional universes , one anti-universe in additional to one wormhole are produced .	Recently , some authors removed the big-bang singularity and predicted an infinite age of our universe .	In this paper , we show that the same result can be obtained in string theory and M-theory ; however , the shape of universe changes in different epochs .	In our mechanism , first , N fundamental string decay to N D0-anti-D0-brane .	Then , D0-branes join to each other , grow and and form a six-dimensional brane-antibrane system .
+0	In studying the dynamics of large N_c , SU ( N_c ) gauge theory at finite temperature with fundamental quark flavours in the quenched approximation , we observe a first order phase transition .	A quark condensate forms at finite quark mass , and the value of the condensate varies smoothly with the quark mass for generic regions in parameter space .	At a particular value of the quark mass , there is a finite discontinuity in the condensate 's vacuum expectation value , corresponding to a first order phase transition .	We study the gauge theory via its string dual formulation using the AdS/CFT conjecture , the string dual being the near-horizon geometry of N_c D3-branes at finite temperature , AdS_5 -- Schwarzschild X S^5 , probed by a D7-brane .	The D7-brane has topology R^4 X S^3 X S^1 and allowed solutions correspond to either the S^3 or the S^1 shrinking away in the interior of the geometry .
+0	Let $ G $ be a connected Lie group and $ \mathfrak { g } $ its Lie algebra .	We denote by $ \nabla^0 $ the torsion free bi-invariant linear connection on $ G $ given by $ \nabla^0_XY=\frac12 [ X , Y ] , $ for any left invariant vector fields $ X , Y $ .	A Poisson structure on $ \mathfrak { g } $ is a commutative and associative product on $ \mathfrak { g } $ for which $ \mathrm { ad } _u $ is a derivation , for any $ u\in\mathfrak { g } $ .	A torsion free bi-invariant linear connections on $ G $ which have the same curvature as $ \nabla^0 $ is called special .	We show that there is a bijection between the space of special connections on $ G $ and the space of Poisson structures on $ \mathfrak { g } $ .
+2	This generalizes an earlier proposal for the unfrustrated quantum Ising model in one dimension which was realized in a recent experiment on ultracold $ ^ { 87 } $ Rb atoms in an optical lattice .	We study spinless bosons in a decorated square lattice with a near-diagonal tilt .	The resonant subspace of the tilted Mott insulator is described by an effective Hamiltonian of frustrated quantum Ising spins on a non-bipartite lattice .	Very close to diagonal tilt , we find a quantum liquid state which is continuously connected to the paramagnet .	Frustration can be reduced by increasing the tilt angle away from the diagonal , and the system undergoes a transition to an antiferromagnetically ordered state .
+3	The corresponding field theory can be recast in a particularly simple form , corresponding to a quantum-mechanical particle , self-interacting via the emission and absorption of a massive scalar field .	There exists a generic relationship between the thermodynamics of a continuous polymer with a generic self-interaction and the two-point function of an interacting field-theory .	In addition , the ( 2N ) -point function of the resulting field theory is similarly related to a system of N interacting polymers .	In the present paper , this relation is explored for the special case of a polyelectrolyte , characterized by a screened Coulomb pair potential .	This is particularly useful in a perturbative treatment : perturbative expansions for the polyelectrolyte can be simply derived from the loop expansion for the related field-theoretical two-point function , for which established computational methods exist .
+1	We then compare the dynamics of geometric and entropic quantifiers of the different kinds of correlations in a non-Markovian open two-qubit system under local dephasing .	We extend the Hilbert-Schmidt ( square norm ) distance , previously used to define the geometric quantum discord , to define also geometric quantifiers of total and classical correlations .	We find that qualitative differences occur only for quantum discords .	This is taken to imply that geometric and entropic discords are not , in general , equivalent in describing the dynamics of quantum correlations .	We then show that also geometric and entropic quantifiers of total correlations present qualitative disagreements in the state space .
+0	A spectral theory of linear operators on rigged Hilbert spaces ( Gelfand triplets ) is developed under the assumptions that a linear operator $ T $ on a Hilbert space $ \mathcal { H } $ is a perturbation of a selfadjoint operator , and the spectral measure of the selfadjoint operator has an analytic continuation near the real axis in some sense .	It is shown that there exists a dense subspace $ X $ of $ \mathcal { H } $ such that the resolvent $ ( \lambda -T ) ^ { -1 } \phi $ of the operator $ T $ has an analytic continuation from the lower half plane to the upper half plane as an $ X ' $ -valued holomorphic function for any $ \phi \in X $ , even when $ T $ has a continuous spectrum on $ \mathbf { R } $ , where $ X ' $ is a dual space of $ X $ .	The rigged Hilbert space consists of three spaces $ X \subset \mathcal { H } \subset X ' $ .	A generalized eigenvalue and a generalized eigenfunction in $ X ' $ are defined by using the analytic continuation of the resolvent as an operator from $ X $ into $ X ' $ .	Other basic tools of the usual spectral theory , such as a spectrum , resolvent , Riesz projection and semigroup are also studied in terms of a rigged Hilbert space .
+3	As the width of the leads increases the distribution for the conductance becomes sharply peaked close to an integer multiple of the quantum of conductance .	Recent experiments on atomic-scale metallic contacts have shown that the quantization of the conductance appears clearly only after the average of the experimental results .	Motivated by these results we have analyzed a simplified model system in which a narrow neck is randomly coupled to wide ideal leads , both in absence and presence of time reversal invariance .	Based on Random Matrix Theory we study analytically the probability distribution for the conductance of such system .	Our results suggest a possible statistical origin of conductance quantization in atomic-scale metallic contacts .
+3	Stars in the NGC 3766 cluster are known as fast rotators with rotational velocities typically larger than half of their critical velocity .	The recent variability survey of the NGC 3766 cluster revealed a considerable number of periodic variable stars in a region of the H-R diagram where no pulsation is expected .	This region lies between the instability strips of the delta Scuti and SPB stars .	Moreover the periods of the new phenomenon , P~0.1-0.7 d , do not allow to associate it a priori to either of these two types of pulsations .	Rotation can affect both the geometrical properties and period domain of pulsations .
+0	We report on an all-optical switch that operates at low light levels .	It consists of laser beams counterpropagating through a warm rubidium vapor that induce an off-axis optical pattern .	A switching laser beam causes this pattern to rotate even when the power in the switching beam is much lower than the power in the pattern .	The observed switching energy density is very low , suggesting that the switch might operate at the single-photon level with system optimization .	This approach opens the possibility of realizing a single-photon switch for quantum information networks and for improving transparent optical telecommunication networks .
+0	We present an analysis of the faint M star population seen as foreground contaminants in deep extragalactic surveys .	We use space-based data to separate such stars from high redshift galaxies in a publically-available dataset , and consider the photometric properties of the resulting sample in the optical and infrared .	The inferred distances place these stars well beyond the scale height of the thick disk .	We find strong similarities between this faint sample ( reaching i'_ { AB } =25 ) and the brighter disk M dwarf population studied by other authors .	The optical-infrared properties of the bulk of our sources spanning 6000A-4.5microns are consistent with those 5-10 magnitudes brighter .
+2	It is shown that the standard SU ( 1,1 ) and SU ( 2 ) coherent states are the unique states which minimize the second order characteristic inequality for the three generators .	The three ways of generalization of canonical coherent states are briefly reviewed and compared with the emphasis laid on the ( minimum ) uncertainty way .	The characteristic uncertainty relations , which include the Schroedinger and Robertson inequalities , are extended to the case of several states .	A set of states which minimize the Schroedinger inequality for the Hermitian components of the su_q ( 1,1 ) ladder operator is also constructed .	It is noted that the characteristic uncertainty relations can be written in the alternative complementary form .
+1	Superstrong approximation is a criterion on a finitely generated group , saying that certain Cayley graphs associated to finite quotients of the group form an expander family .	This document is an expanded version of a lecture presented at a conference on `` Thin Groups and Superstrong Approximation '' held at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in February 2012 .	In recent years , our knowledge about superstrong approximation for infinite-index Zariski-dense subgroups of arithmetic lattices ( `` thin groups '' ) has drastically improved .	We briefly survey the construction of monodromy groups , discuss our ( limited ) knowledge about whether such groups are thin , and discuss an application to arithmetic geometry ( see the paper `` Expander graphs , gonality , and variation of Galois representations '' ) deriving from recent advances in superstrong approximation .	We conclude by indulging in some speculations about more general contexts , asking : what are the interesting questions about `` nonabelian superstrong approximation '' and `` superstrong approximation for Galois groups ? ''
+2	For repulsive interactions , the ordered state has an oscillatory spin texture whose ordering wavevector is controlled by the chemical potential .	We explore the phases exhibited by an interacting quantum spin Hall edge state in the presence of finite chemical potential ( applied gate voltage ) and spin imbalance ( applied magnetic field ) .	We find that the helical nature of the edge state gives rise to orders that are expected to be absent in non-chiral one-dimensional electronic systems .	We analyze the manner in which a magnetic impurity provides signatures of such oscillations .	We find that finite spin imbalance favors a finite current carrying groundstate that is not condensed in the absence of interactions and is superconducting for attractive interactions .
+1	In this work , we study power-aware MapReduce scheduling in the speed scaling setting first introduced by Yao et al . [ FOCS 1995 ] .	MapReduce is emerged as a prominent programming model for data-intensive computation .	We focus on the minimization of the total weighted completion time of a set of MapReduce jobs under a given budget of energy .	Using a linear programming relaxation of our problem , we derive a polynomial time constant-factor approximation algorithm .	We also propose a convex programming formulation that we combine with standard list scheduling policies , and we evaluate their performance using simulations .
+0	We investigate iPTF13bvn , a core-collapse ( CC ) supernova ( SN ) in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 5806 .	This object was discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory very soon after the explosion and was classified as a stripped-envelope CC SN , likely of Type Ib .	A possible progenitor detection in pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) images was reported , making this the only SN Ib with such an identification .	Based on photometry of the progenitor candidate and on early-time SN data , it was argued that the progenitor candidate is consistent with a single , massive Wolf-Rayet ( WR ) star .	In this work we present follow-up multi-band light-curves and optical spectra of iPTF13bvn .
+0	High energy gamma ray astronomy is now a well established field and several sources have been discovered in the region from a few GeV up to several TeV .	If sources involving hadronic processes exist , the production of photons would be accompanied by neutrinos too .	Other possible neutrino sources could be related to the annihilation of WIMPs at the center of galaxies with black holes .	We present the results of a search for point-like sources using 1100 upward-going muons produced by neutrino interactions in the rock below and inside the MACRO detector in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory .	These data show no evidence for a possible neutrino point-like source or for possible correlations between gamma ray bursts and neutrinos .
+1	We discuss the application of the MV model to describe the early-time dynamics of the relativistic heavy-ion collision .	We present a pedagogical introduction to the theoretical framework of the Color Glass Condensate ( CGC ) and the McLerran-Venugopalan ( MV ) model .	Without longitudinal fluctuations the classical time evolution maintains the boost invariance , while an instability develops once fluctuations that break boost invariance are included .	We show that this `` Glasma instability '' enhances rapidity-dependent variations as long as self-interactions among unstable modes stay weak and the system resides in the linear regime .	Eventually the amplitude of unstable modes becomes so large that the growth of instability gets saturated .
+0	We have investigated the band-gap pressure coefficients of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots by calculating 17 systems with different quantum dot shape , size , and alloying profile using atomistic empirical pseudopotential method within the `` strained linear combination of bulk bands '' approach .	Our results confirm the experimentally observed significant reductions of the band gap pressure coefficients from the bulk values .	We show that the nonlinear pressure coefficients of the bulk InAs and GaAs are responsible for these reductions .	We also find a rough universal pressure coefficient versus band gap relationship which agrees quantitatively with the experimental results .	We find linear relationships between the percentage of electron wavefunction on the GaAs and the quantum dot band gaps and pressure coefficients .
+2	We demonstrate that an electrical current can be induced in one conductor through cavity-mediated processes by heating up the other conductor .	We propose and analyze the use of hybrid microwave cavities as quantum heat engines .	A possible realization consists of two macroscopically separated quantum dot conductors coupled capacitively to the fundamental mode of a microwave cavity .	The heat engine can reach Carnot efficiency with optimal conversion of heat to work .	When the system delivers the maximum power , the efficiency can be a large fraction of the Carnot efficiency .
+2	The emission and possible feedback of particles are included into the self-consistent hydrodynamic scheme .	The particle emission in relativistic hydrodynamic model is formulated assuming a sharp 3-dimensional space-time freeze-out hypersurface .	The boundary conditions correspond to the energy-momentum and charge conservation between fluid and the gas of free particles .	For the time-like parts of the freeze-out hypersurface the obtained results are different from the well known Cooper-Frye formula and lead to the shock-like freeze-out .	A simple-wave hydrodynamic solution is considered in detail to illustrate some aspects of new freeze-out procedure .
+4	( iii ) For the high-frequency stock price fluctuation , the hierarchical structure varies with different time period .	The financial market and turbulence have been broadly compared on account of the same quantitative methods and several common stylized facts they shared .	In this paper , the She-Leveque ( SL ) hierarchy , proposed to explain the anomalous scaling exponents deviated from Kolmogorov monofractal scaling of the velocity fluctuation in fluid turbulence , is applied to study and quantify the hierarchical structure of stock price fluctuations in financial markets .	We therefore observed certain interesting results : ( i ) The hierarchical structure related to multifractal scaling generally presents in all the stock price fluctuations we investigated .	( ii ) The quantitatively statistical parameters that describes SL hierarchy are different between developed financial markets and emerging ones , distinctively .
+0	All known mass distributions of recently formed star cluster populations resemble a `` universal '' power-law function .	Here we assess the impact of the extremely disruptive environment in NGC 7742 's circumnuclear starburst ring on the early evolution of the galaxy 's high-mass ( ~10^5-10^7 Msun ) star cluster population .	Surprisingly , and contrary to expectations , at all ages -- including the youngest , & lt ; 15 Myr -- the cluster mass functions are robustly and verifiably represented by lognormal distributions that resemble those commonly found only for old , evolved globular cluster systems in the local Universe .	This suggests that the high-shear conditions in the NGC 7742 starburst ring may significantly speed up dynamical star cluster destruction .	This enhanced mass-dependent disruption rate at very young ages might be caused by a combination of the starburst ring 's high density and the shear caused by the counterrotating gas disk in the galaxy 's inner region .
+4	In this case the contribution of the heavy KK modes are geometrically interpreted as the deformation of the internal space .	In this paper we examine the 4-dimensional effective theory for the light Kaluza-Klein ( KK ) modes .	Our main interest is in the interaction terms .	We point out that the contribution of the heavy KK modes is generally needed in order to reproduce the correct predictions for the observable quantities involving the light modes .	As an example we study in some detail a 6-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory coupled to a charged scalar and fermions .
+4	The results of the latter are well consistent with the 750 GeV diphoton excess at the LHC .	We examine the implication of the 750 GeV diphoton resonance on the two-Higgs-doublet model imposing various theoretical and experimental constraints .	The production rate of two-Higgs-doublet model is smaller than the cross section observed at the LHC by two order magnitude .	In order to accommodate the 750 GeV diphoton resonance , we extend the two-Higgs-doublet model by introducing additional Higgs fields , and focus on two different extensions , an inert complex Higgs triplet and a real scalar septuplet .	With the 125 GeV Higgs being agreement with the observed data , the production rate for the 750 GeV diphoton resonance can be enhanced to 0.6 fb for the former and 4.5 fb for the latter .
+0	Let X be a complex Fano-manifolds with second Betti-number 1 which carries a contact structure .	It follows from previous work that such a manifold can always be covered by lines .	Thus , it seems natural to consider the geometry of lines in greater detail .	In this brief note we show that if x in X is a general point , then all lines through x are smooth .	If X is not the projective space , then the tangent spaces to lines generate the contact distribution at x .
+1	Special attention is payed to the pedagogical presentation of the recently introduced new models for four dimensional quantum gravity .	This article reviews the present status of the spin foam approach to the quantization of gravity .	The models are motivated by a suitable implementation of the path integral quantization of the Plebanski formulation of gravity on a simplicial regularization .	The article also includes a self-contained treatment of the 2+1 gravity .	The simple nature of the latter provides the basis and a perspective for the analysis of both conceptual and technical issues that remain open in four dimensions .
+0	Weber 's law is one of the basic laws in psychophysics , but the link between this psychophysical behavior and the neuronal response has not yet been established .	In this paper , we carried out an analysis on the spike train statistics when Weber 's law holds , and found that the efferent spike train of a single neuron is less variable than a Poisson process .	For population neurons , Weber 's law is satisfied only when the population size is small ( & lt ; 10 neurons ) .	However , if the population neurons share a weak correlation in their discharges and individual neuronal spike train is more regular than a Poisson process , Weber 's law is true without any restriction on the population size .	Biased competition attractor network also demonstrates that the coefficient of variation of interspike interval in the winning pool should be less than one for the validity of Weber 's law .
+0	We report measurements of the [ CII ] fine structure line at 157.714 micron in 30 normal star-forming galaxies with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer ( LWS ) on the Infrared Space Observatory ( ISO ) .	The ratio of the line to total far-infrared luminosity , [ CII ] /FIR , measures the ratio of the cooling of gas to that of dust ; and thus the efficiency of the grain photoelectric heating process .	This ratio varies by a factor of 40 in the current sample .	About two-thirds of the galaxies have [ CII ] /FIR = 2-7 x 10^ { -3 } .	The other one-third show trends of decreasing [ CII ] /FIR with increasing dust temperature , indicated by the ratio of infrared emission at 60 and 100 microns ; and with increasing star-formation activity , measured by the ratio of far-infrared and blue band luminosity .
+1	We consider configurations of the Brillouin zone and Fermi sphere within a nearly-free-electron model in order to analyze the importance of these configurations for the crystal structure energy .	An incommensurate modulated structure was found recently in a light group V element phosphorous in the phase P-IV stable in the pressure range 107-137 GPa .	For the phase P-IV with the base-centered orthorhombic structure , oC2 , we consider a commensurate approximant with an 11-fold supercell along the c-axis and a modulation wave vector equal 3/11 which is close to the experimentally observed value of 0.267 .	Atomic shifts due to the modulation result in appearance of satellite reflections and hence in a formation of additional Brillouin zone planes .	The stability of this structure is attributed to the lowering of the electronic band structure energy due to Brillouin zone - Fermi surface interactions .
+1	It allows the client to adapt media characteristics to varying network conditions in order to maximize Quality of Experience ( QoE ) .	Recently , HTTP-Based Adaptive Streaming has become the de facto standard for video streaming over the Internet .	In the case of live streaming this task becomes particularly challenging .	An important factor than might help improving performance is the capability to correctly predict network throughput dynamics on short to medium timescales .	It becomes notably difficult in wireless networks that are often subject to continuous throughput fluctuations .
+1	This coupled model is investigated in the general setting where physical space is an oriented Riemannian manifold and the target space is a Kaehler manifold .	Motivated by the sigma model limit of multicomponent Ginzburg-Landau theory , a version of the Faddeev-Skyrme model is considered in which the scalar field is coupled dynamically to a one-form field called the supercurrent .	It is shown that supercurrent coupling destroys the topological stability enjoyed by the usual Faddeev-Skyrme model , so that there can be no globally stable knot solitons in this model .	Nonetheless , local energy minimizers may still exist .	The first variation formula is derived and used to construct three families of static solutions of the model , all on compact domains .
+3	In these paper the different stages are formed , firstly the document preprocessing is done by removing stop words , stemming is performed using porter stemmer algorithm , word net thesaurus is applied for maintaining relationship between the important terms , global unique words , and frequent word sets get generated , Secondly , data matrix is formed , and thirdly terms are extracted from the documents by using term selection approaches tf-idf , tf-df , and tf2 based on their minimum threshold value .	Now a days , the text document is spontaneously increasing over the internet , e-mail and web pages and they are stored in the electronic database format .	To arrange and browse the document it becomes difficult .	To overcome such problem the document preprocessing , term selection , attribute reduction and maintaining the relationship between the important terms using background knowledge , WordNet , becomes an important parameters in data mining .	Further each and every document terms gets preprocessed , where the frequency of each term within the document is counted for representation .
+4	With non-strategic mediators , there is a dominant strategy mechanism that is optimal .	We consider the problem of designing mechanisms that interact with strategic agents through strategic intermediaries ( or mediators ) , and investigate the cost to society due to the mediators ' strategic behavior .	Selfish agents with private information are each associated with exactly one strategic mediator , and can interact with the mechanism exclusively through that mediator .	Each mediator aims to optimize the combined utility of his agents , while the mechanism aims to optimize the combined utility of all agents .	We focus on the problem of facility location on a metric induced by a publicly known tree .
+1	Here we focus on the behavior of the attenuation function , the color excess , and the fraction of light scattered or directly transmitted towards the outside observer as a function of the total amount of dust and the inclination of the galaxy , and the structure of the dusty interstellar medium ( ISM ) of the disk .	We present results of new Monte Carlo calculations made with the DIRTY code of radiative transfer of stellar and scattered radiation for a dusty giant late-type galaxy like the Milky Way , which illustrate the effect of the attenuation of stellar light by internal dust on the integrated photometry of the individual bulge and disk components .	We confirm that dust attenuation produces qualitatively and quantitatively different effects on the integrated photometry of bulge and disk , whatever the wavelength .	In addition , we find that the structure of the dusty ISM affects more sensitively the observed magnitudes than the observed colors of both bulge and disk .	Finally , we show that the contribution of the scattered radiation to the total monochromatic light received by the outside observer is significant , particularly at UV wavelengths , even for a two-phase , clumpy , dusty ISM .
+1	Unfortunately , only extremely finely tuned versions of the model can consistently generate the cosmological magnetic fields required by observations .	The most studied mechanism of inflationary magnetogenesis relies on the time-dependence of the coefficient of the gauge kinetic term $ F_ { \mu\nu } \ , { F } ^ { \mu\nu } $ .	We propose a generalization of this model , where also the pseudoscalar invariant $ F_ { \mu\nu } \ , \tilde { F } ^ { \mu\nu } $ is multiplied by a time dependent function .	The new parity violating term allows more freedom in tuning the amplitude of the field at the end of inflation .	Moreover , it leads to a helical magnetic field that is amplified at large scales by magnetohydrodynamical processes during the radiation dominated epoch .
+0	In this paper we have classified the nodes of OTIS-cube based on their eccentricities .	OTIS ( optical transpose interconnection system ) is a large scale optoelectronic computer architecture , proposed in \cite { KMKE92 } , that benefit from both optical and electronic technologies .	We show that radius and diameter of OTIS- $ Q_n $ is $ n+1 $ and $ 2n+1 $ respectively .	We also show that average eccentricity of OTIS-cube is $ ( 3n/2+1 ) $ .	In \cite { D05 } , a variant of OTIS-cube , called Enhanced OTIS-cube ( E-OTIS- $ Q_n $ ) was proposed .
+3	The spatial resolution of this technique is only determined by the Talbot gratings and can exceed the optical resolution limit by an order of magnitude .	Imaging of surface adsorbed molecules is investigated as a novel detection method for matter wave interferometry with fluorescent particles .	Mechanically magnified fluorescence imaging turns out to be an excellent tool for recording quantum interference patterns .	It has a good sensitivity and yields patterns of high visibility .	A unique advantage of this approach is its scalability : for certain classes of nano-sized objects , the detection sensitivity will even increase significantly with increasing size of the particle .
+1	Moreover , all the known $ \mathbb { R } $ -planar examples ( so counter examples to Kac 's question ) are constructed through a famous specialization of this method , called transplantation .	Virtually every known pair of isospectral but nonisometric manifolds - with as most famous members isospectral bounded $ \mathbb { R } $ -planar domains which makes one `` not hear the shape of a drum '' [ 13 ] - arise from the ( group theoretical ) Gassman-Sunada method .	We first describe a number of very general classes of length equivalent manifolds , with as particular cases isospectral manifolds , in each of the constructions starting from a given example that arises itself from the Gassman-Sunada method .	The constructions include the examples arising from the transplantation technique ( and thus in particular the planar examples ) .	To that end , we introduce four properties - called FF , MAX , PAIR and INV - inspired by natural physical properties ( which rule out trivial constructions ) , that are satisfied for each of the known planar examples .
+4	The different & lt ; 111 & gt ; ordering domains give rise to several magnetic peaks at each wavevector transfer .	Magnetic and phonon excitations in the antiferromagnet CoO with an unquenched orbital angular momentum are studied by neutron scattering .	Results of energy scans in several Brillouin zones in the ( HHL ) plane for energy transfers up to 16 THz are presented .	The measurements were performed in the antiferromagnetic ordered state at 6 K ( well below TN~290 K ) as well as in the paramagnetic state at 450 K. Several magnetic excitation modes are identified from the dependence of their intensity on wavevector and temperature .	Within a Hund 's rule model the excitations correspond to fluctuations of coupled orbital and spin degrees of freedom whose bandwidth is controlled by interionic superexchange .
+0	This paper provides a statistical characterization of the individual achievable rates in bits/s/Hz and the spatial throughput of bipolar Poisson wireless networks in bits/s/Hz/m $ ^2 $ .	We assume that all transmitters have a cognitive ability to know the distance to their receiver 's closest interferers so they can individually tune their coding rates to avoid outage events for each spatial realization .	Considering that the closest interferer approximates the aggregate interference of all transmitters treated as noise , we derive closed-form expressions for the probability density function of the achievable rates under two decoding rules : treating interference as noise , and jointly detecting the strongest interfering signals treating the others as noise .	Based on these rules and the bipolar model , we approximate the expected maximum spatial throughput , showing the best performance of the latter decoding rule .	These results are also compared to the reference scenario where the transmitters do not have cognitive ability , coding their messages at predetermined rates that are chosen to optimize the expected spatial throughput -- regardless of particular realizations -- which yields outages .
+3	The strongest constraint on a coupling constant $ \alpha^\prime $ is at the level of a few parts in $ 10^ { 13 } $ ( for $ \gamma^* $ ) and below one part in $ 10^ { 16 } $ ( for a pseudovector ) corresponding to mass below $ 1\ ; { \rm keV } /c^2 $ .	Constraint on spin-dependent and spin-independent Yukawa potential at atomic scale is developed .	That covers constraints on a coupling constant of an additional photon $ \gamma^* $ and a pseudovector boson .	The mass range considered is from $ 1\ ; { \rm eV } /c^2 $ to $ 1\ ; { \rm MeV } /c^2 $ .	The constraints are derived from low-energy tests of quantum electrodynamics and are based on spectroscopic data on light hydrogen-like atoms and experiments with magnetic moments of leptons and light nuclei .
+3	Each shows a significant flattening in the isophotal profile at radii ~0.5 '' , as well as variations in ellipticity and PA .	We present 3-band HST imaging of three z & lt ; /=0.1 compact symmetric objects ( CSOs ) : 4C 31.04 , 1946+708 and 1146+596 .	These objects were chosen on the basis of proximity to Earth as well as HI 21 cm absorption .	The inner H-band isophotes of these galaxies are well fit by `` nuker '' models , typical of nearby ellipticals .	However , neither is uncommon for elliptical galaxies .
+3	Since we have access to the parton densities at low $ Q^2 $ , we are able to obtain $ F_ { 2 } ( x , Q^2 ) $ structure function at low $ Q^2 $ value .	The idea of the meson cloud approach in the chiral quark model has been extended to include gluon cloud in order to achieve the parton densities in the nucleon , based on the constitute quark framework .	The splitting function of the quark to the quark-meson and quark-gluon at low $ Q^2 $ value are used to obtain parton densities in the constituent quark .	The phenomenological constituent model is employed to extract the parton distributions in the proton at low $ Q^2 $ value .	The result is in good agreement with available experimental data and some theoretical models .
+2	We found transitions between a non-polymerized and two polymerized phases , which may be continuous or discontinuous .	In the multiple monomers per site ( MMS ) model , polymeric chains are represented by walks on a lattice which may visit each site up to K times .	We have solved the unrestricted version of this model , where immediate reversals of the walks are allowed ( RA ) for K = 3 on a Bethe lattice with arbitrary coordination number in the grand-canonical formalism .	In the canonical situation , the transitions between the extended and the collapsed polymeric phases are always continuous .	The transition line is partly composed by tricritical points and partially by critical endpoints , both lines meeting at a multicritical point .
+3	This is the HCN hyperfine anomaly , and it prevents the use of simple LTE models of HCN emission to derive reliable optical depths .	Molecules with hyperfine splitting of their rotational line spectra are useful probes of optical depth , via the relative line strengths of their hyperfine components.The hyperfine splitting is particularly advantageous in interpreting the physical conditions of the emitting gas because with a second rotational transition , both gas density and temperature can be derived .	For HCN however , the relative strengths of the hyperfine lines are anomalous .	They appear in ratios which can vary significantly from source to source , and are inconsistent with local thermodynamic equilibrium .	In this paper we demonstrate how to model HCN hyperfine line emission , and derive accurate line ratios , spectral line shapes and optical depths .
+1	The calculations are made in a Glauber-Gribov framework and Pomeron tree-diagrams are summed up within a unitarity-conserving procedure .	We calculate shadowing using new data on the gluon density of the Pomeron recently measured with high precision at HERA .	The total cross section of $ \vphot A $ interaction is then found in a parameter-free description , employing gluon diffractive and inclusive distribution functions as input .	A strong shadowing effect is obtained , in good agreement with several other models .	Impact parameter dependence of gluon shadowing is also presented .
+4	We reconstruct a negative-valued Wigner function , an important hallmark of nonclassicality , and verify an entanglement depth ( minimum number of mutually entangled atoms ) of 2910 ( 190 ) out of 3100 atoms .	Quantum-mechanically correlated ( entangled ) states of many particles are of interest in quantum information , quantum computing and quantum metrology .	Metrologically useful entangled states of large atomic ensembles have been experimentally realized , but these states display Gaussian spin distribution functions with a non-negative Wigner function .	Non-Gaussian entangled states have been produced in small ensembles of ions , and very recently in large atomic ensembles .	Here , we generate entanglement in a large atomic ensemble via the interaction with a very weak laser pulse ; remarkably , the detection of a single photon prepares several thousand atoms in an entangled state .
+0	This paper will introduce a theory of emergent animal social complexity using various results from computational models and empirical results .	These results will be organized into a vertical model of social complexity .	This will support the perspective that social complexity is in essence an emergent phenomenon while helping to answer two interrelated questions .	The first of these involves how behavior is integrated at units of analysis larger than the individual organism .	The second involves placing aggregate social events into the context of processes occurring within individual organisms over time ( e.g.genomic and physiological processes ) .
+4	The observed effects are associated with a hidden ferrimagnetic order unveiled by application of a magnetic field .	Magnetoelectric ( ME ) effect is recognized for its utility for low-power electronic devices.Largest ME coefficients are often associated with phase transitions in which ferroelectricity is induced by magnetic order .	Unfortunately , in these systems , large ME response is revealed only upon elaborate poling procedures .	These procedures may become unnecessary in single-polar-domain crystals of polar magnets .	Here we report giant ME effects in a polar magnet Fe2Mo3O8 at temperatures as high as 60 K.Polarization jumps of 0.3 { \mu } C/cm2 , and repeated mutual control of ferroelectric and magnetic moments with differential ME coefficients on the order of 10 $ ^4 $ ps/m are achieved.Importantly , no electric or magnetic poling is needed , as necessary for applications.The sign of the ME coefficients can be switched by changing the applied `` bias '' magnetic field .
+2	The spin polarization still survives in the gapped surface states at x & gt ; 0.5 , although it gradually weakens upon approaching x = 0.5 and vanishes in the non-topological phase .	We performed systematic spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of TlBi ( S1-xSex ) 2 which undergoes a topological phase transition at x ~ 0.5 .	In TlBiSe2 ( x = 1.0 ) , we revealed a helical spin texture of Dirac-cone surface states with an intrinsic in-plane spin polarization of ~ 0.8 .	No evidence for the out-of-plane spin polarization was found irrespective of x and momentum .	The present results unambiguously indicate the topological origin of the gapped Dirac surface states , and also impose a constraint on models to explain the origin of mass acquisition of Dirac fermions .
+2	We apply spectral disentangling to unveil the individual spectra of the two stars and obtain new spectroscopic elements .	The eclipsing and double-lined spectroscopic binary V380 Cyg is an extremely important probe of stellar evolution : its primary component is a high-mass star at the brink of leaving the main sequence whereas the secondary star is still in the early part of its main sequence lifetime .	We present extensive high-resolution echelle and grating spectroscopy from Ondrejov , Calar Alto , Victoria and La Palma .	The secondary star contributes only about 6 % of the total light , which remains the main limitation to measuring the system 's characteristics .	We determine improved physical properties , finding masses 13.1 +/- 0.3 and 7.8 +/- 0.1 M_sun , radii 16.2 +/- 0.3 and 4.06 +/- 0.08 R_sun , and effective temperatures 21750 +/- 280 and 21600 +/- 550 K , for the primary and secondary components respectively .
+1	In recent years , Semantic Web technologies based on ontology have emerged as promising solutions to the above engineering problems .	One of the key challenges in electronic government ( e-government ) is the development of systems that can be easily integrated and interoperated to provide seamless services delivery to citizens .	However , current research practicing semantic development in e-government does not focus on the application of available methodologies and platforms for developing government domain ontologies .	Furthermore , only a few of these researches provide detailed guidelines for developing semantic ontology models from a government service domain .	This research presents a case study combining an ontology building methodology and two state-of-the-art Semantic Web platforms namely Protege and Java Jena ontology API for semantic ontology development in e-government .
+2	We use both scalar and vector currents to determine the form factors f_0 ( q^2 ) and f_+ ( q^2 ) for a range of D and D_s form factors including those for D to pi and D to K semileptonic decays .	We present a new and very high statistics study of D and D_s semileptonic decay form factors on the lattice .	We work with MILC N_f=2+1 lattices and use the Highly Improved Staggered Action ( HISQ ) for both the charm and the light valence quarks .	By using a phased boundary condition we are able to tune accurately to q^2=0 .	We also compare the shape in q^2 to that from experiment .
+0	In this note , we give a description of the graded Lie algebra of double derivations of a path algebra as a graded version of the necklace Lie algebra equipped with the Kontsevich bracket .	Furthermore , we formally introduce the notion of double Poisson-Lichnerowicz cohomology for double Poisson algebras , and give some elementary properties .	We introduce the notion of a linear double Poisson tensor on a quiver and show that it induces the structure of a finite dimensional algebra on the vector spaces V_v generated by the loops in the vertex v. We show that the Hochschild cohomology of the associative algebra can be recovered from the double Poisson cohomology .	Then , we use the description of the graded necklace Lie algebra to determine the low-dimensional double Poisson-Lichnerowicz cohomology groups for three types of ( linear and non-linear ) double Poisson brackets on the free algebra in two variables .	This allows us to develop some useful techniques for the computation of the double Poisson-Lichnerowicz cohomology .
+1	Recently , with the development of fifth-generation ( 5G ) mobile technology , the concept of dedicated radio-frequency ( RF ) charging promises to support the growing market of wearable devices .	For decades , wireless energy transfer and harvesting remained of focused attention in the research community , but with limited practical applications .	In this work , we shed light on the potential of wireless RF power transfer by elaborating upon feasible system parameters and architecture , emphasizing the basic trade-offs behind omni-directional and directional out-of-band energy transmission , providing system-level performance evaluation , as well as discussing open challenges on the way to sustainable wireless-powered wearables .	The key aspects highlighted in this article include system operation choices , user mobility effects , impact of network and user densities , as well as regulatory issues .	Ultimately , our research targets to facilitate the integration of wireless RF charging technology into the emerging 5G ecosystem .
+1	For normalization purposes , suppose that the area of $ K $ is $ 1 $ .	Let $ K , L $ be convex sets in the plane .	Suppose that a set $ K_n $ of $ n $ points are chosen independently and uniformly over $ K $ , and call a subset of $ K $ a { \em hole } if it does not contain any point in $ K_n $ .	It is shown that w.h.p .	the largest area of a hole homothetic to $ L $ is $ ( 1+o ( 1 ) ) \log { n } /n $ .
+2	We report on the discovery of the first new PN from this survey : it is an unusual object located at a large galactocentric distance and has a very low oxygen abundance .	The Isaac Newton Telescope Photometric H-alpha Survey ( IPHAS ) is currently mapping the Northern Galactic plane reaching to r'=20 mag with typically 1 '' resolution .	Hundreds of Planetary Nebulae ( PNe ) , both point-like and resolved , are expected to be discovered .	The nebula shows an intricate morphology : there is an inner ring surrounding the central star , bright inner lobes with an enhanced waist , and very faint lobular extensions reaching up to more than 100 '' .	We classify it as a quadrupolar PN , a rather unusual class of planetary showing two pairs of misaligned lobes .
+3	In particular we find that for concentrations around 3.5 -- 5 % it is located very close to the valence-band maximum , which is in the range where metallic conductivity has been reported in earlier studies .	Using angle-resolved photoemission , we have investigated the development of the electronic structure and the Fermi level pinnning in Ga $ _ { 1-x } $ Mn $ _ { x } $ As with Mn concentrations in the range 1 -- 6 % .	We find that the Mn-induced changes in the valence-band spectra depend strongly on the Mn concentration , suggesting that the interaction between the Mn ions is more complex than assumed in earlier studies .	The relative position of the Fermi level is also found to be concentration-dependent .	For concentration outside this range , larger as well as smaller , the Fermi level is found to be pinned at about 0.15 eV higher energy .
+0	Bimetallic composite nanotweezers based on Ti2NiCu alloy with shape memory effect ( SME ) have recently demonstrated the ability to manipulate real nano-objects , such as nanotubes , and bionanoparticles when heated to 40-60 C by laser radiation .	The possibility of developing nanotweezers operating at constant temperature is of particular importance mainly for the manipulation of biological objects .	In this work , a microactuator was produced using a composite bilayer made of a layer of rapidly quenched Ni53Mn24Ga23 ferromagnetic shape memory Heusler alloy and an elastic layer of Pt .	The size of the microactuator is 25x2.3x1.7 micro-meters3 .	A controlled bending deformation of the actuator of 1.2 % , with a deflection of the end of the actuator higher than 2 micro-meter was obtained by applying a magnetic field of 8 T at T = 62 C. The possibility of the development of new technologies for magnetic-field-controlled nanotools operating at a constant temperature using the new multifunction magnetic shape memory alloys will be discussed .
+2	However , as found in this paper , for fading channels , an operating SNR can not be directly used in approximating the bit channels .	Besides the determined construction of polar codes in BEC channels , different construction techniques have been proposed for AWGN channels .	The current state-of-the-art algorithm starts with a design-SNR ( or an operating SNR ) and then processing is carried out to approximate each individual bit channel .	To achieve a better BER performance , the input SNR for the polar code construction in fadding channels is derived .	A selection of the design-SNR for both the AWGN and the fading channels from an information theoretical point of view is studied .
+1	We investigate the influence of a strong magnetic field on the properties and internal structure of such strongly magnetized neutron stars ( magnetars ) .	Recently , neutron stars with very strong surface magnetic fields have been suggested as the site for the origin of observed soft gamma repeaters ( SGRs ) .	The presence of a sufficiently strong magnetic field changes the ratio of protons to neutrons as well as the neutron appearance density .	We also study the pion production and pion condensation in a strong magnetic field .	We discuss the pion condensation in the interior of magnetars as a possible source of SGRs .
+1	However , the demonstration of the flat band physics is highly nontrivial due to intrinsic limitations in conventional condensed matter materials .	The concept of flat band plays an important role in strongly-correlated many-body physics .	Here we propose a circuit quantum electrodynamics simulator of the 2D Lieb lattice exhibiting a flat middle band .	By exploiting the simple parametric conversion method , we design a photonic Lieb lattice with \textit { in situ } tunable hopping strengths in a 2D array of coupled superconducting transmissionline resonators .	Moreover , the flexibility of our proposal enables the immediate incorporation of both the artificial gauge field and the strong photon-photon interaction in a time- and site-resolved manner .
+4	The 3D generalization inherits many properties of the 2D algorithm , including a complexity linear in the space-time volume of the memory , which can be parallelized to logarithmic time .	We present a three-dimensional generalization of a renormalization group decoding algorithm for topological codes with Abelian anyonic excitations that we previously introduced for two dimensions .	This 3D implementation extends our previous 2D algorithm by incorporating a failure probability of the syndrome measurements , i.e. , it enables fault-tolerant decoding .	We report a fault-tolerant storage threshold of 1.9 ( 4 ) % for Kitaev 's toric code subject to a 3D bit-flip channel ( i.e.including imperfect syndrome measurements ) .	This number is to be compared with the 2.9 % value obtained via perfect matching .
+0	This is a study of the scattering and absorption of planar gravitational waves by a Kerr black hole in vacuum .	We apply the partial wave method to compute cross sections for the special case of radiation incident along the rotation axis .	A catalogue of numerically-accurate cross sections is presented , for a range of incident wavelengths $ M\omega \le 4 $ and rotation rates $ a \le 0.999M $ .	Three effects are studied in detail : polarization , helicity-reversal and glory scattering .	First , a new approximation to the polarization in the long-wavelength limit is derived .
+2	These experiments are intended to provide stringent constraints on the set of seven effective weak meson-nucleon coupling constants .	Several new proton-proton parity violation experiments are presently either being performed or are being prepared for execution in the near future .	Similarly , a new measurement of the parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry in polarized neutron capture on the proton is being developed with a ten-fold improvement over previous measurements .	Time-reversal-invariance non-conservation has now been unequivocally demonstrated in a direct measurement at CPLEAR .	Tests may also be made of time-reversal-invariance non-conservation in systems other than the kaon system .
+1	As the majority of stars in the stream lie in the constellation of Aquarius we name it the Aquarius Stream .	We identify a new , nearby ( 0.5 & lt ; d & lt ; 10 kpc ) stream in data from the RAdial Velocity Experiment ( RAVE ) .	We identify 15 members of the stream lying between 30 & lt ; l & lt ; 75 and -70 & lt ; b & lt ; -50 , with heliocentric line-of-sight velocities V_los~-200 km/s .	The members are outliers in the radial velocity distribution , and the overdensity is statistically significant when compared to mock samples created with both the Besan\c { c } on Galaxy model and newly-developed code Galaxia .	The metallicity distribution function and isochrone fit in the log g - T_eff plane suggest the stream consists of a 10 Gyr old population with [ m/H ] ~-1.0 .
+4	The atomic origin of the single photon source is proposed .	Electrically driven single-photon emitting devices have immediate applications in quantum cryptography , quantum computation and single-photon metrology .	Mature device fabrication protocols and the recent observations of single defect systems with quantum functionalities make silicon carbide ( SiC ) an ideal material to build such devices .	Here , we demonstrate the fabrication of bright single photon emitting diodes .	The electrically driven emitters display fully polarized output , superior photon statistics ( with a count rate of $ & gt ; $ 300 kHz ) , and stability in both continuous and pulsed modes , all at room temperature .
+0	With the fast growth of the Internet , more and more information is available on the Web .	The Semantic Web has many features which can not be handled by using the traditional search engines .	It extracts metadata for each discovered Web documents in RDF or OWL formats , and computes relations between documents .	We proposed a hybrid indexing and ranking technique for the Semantic Web which finds relevant documents and computes the similarity among a set of documents .	First , it returns with the most related document from the repository of Semantic Web Documents ( SWDs ) by using a modified version of the ObjectRank technique .
+0	The analysis of the CMB anisotropies is a rich source of cosmological informations .	In our study , we simulated the signals produced by the relics of a first order phase transition occured during an inflationary epoch in the early Universe .	These relics are bubbles of true vacuum that leave a characteristic non-Gaussian imprint on the CMB .	We use different statistical estimators in order to evaluate this non-Gaussianity .	We obtain some limits on the allowed values of the bubble parameters comparing our results with the experimental data .
+0	We develop a model to study the role of rationality in economics and biology .	The model 's agents differ continuously in their ability to make rational choices .	The agents ' objective is to ensure their individual survival over time or , equivalently , to maximize profits .	In equilibrium , however , rational agents who maximize their objective survival probability are , individually and collectively , eliminated by the forces of competition .	Instead of rationality , there emerges a unique distribution of irrational players who are individually not fit for the struggle of survival .
+1	Unlike all previously observed long-duration afterglows in the redshift range 0.5 & lt ; z & lt ; 2.0 , we find no strong ( rest-frame equivalent width W & gt ; 1.0 A ) absorption features in the wavelength range 4000 - 10000 A .	We present the discovery and high signal-to-noise spectroscopic observations of the optical afterglow of the long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB070125 .	The sole significant feature is a weak doublet we identify as Mg II 2796 ( W = 0.18 +/- 0.02 A ) , 2803 ( W = 0.08 +/- 0.01 ) at z = 1.5477 +/- 0.0001 .	The low observed Mg II and inferred H I column densities are typically observed in galactic halos , far away from the bulk of massive star formation .	Deep ground-based imaging reveals no host directly underneath the afterglow to a limit of R & gt ; 25.4 mag .
+0	This paper studies optimal switching on and o ?	of the entire service capacity of an M/M/Infinity queue with holding , running and switching costs where the running costs depend only on whether the system is running or not .	The goal is to minimize average costs per unit time .	The main result is that an average-optimal policy either always runs the system or is an ( M , N ) -policy defined by two thresholds M and N , such that the system is switched on upon an arrival epoch when the system size accumulates to N and is switched off upon a departure epoch when the system size decreases to M. It is shown that this optimization problem can be reduced to a problem with a finite number of states and actions , and an average-optimal policy can be computed via linear programming .	An example , in which the optimal ( M , N ) -policy outperforms the best ( 0 , N ) -policy , is provided .
+4	The focus is on developing efficient recovery algorithms along with identifiability conditions for two particular shifts , the adjacency matrix and the normalized graph Laplacian .	Network topology inference is a cornerstone problem in statistical analyses of complex systems .	In this context , the fresh look advocated here permeates benefits from convex optimization and graph signal processing , to identify the so-termed graph shift operator ( encoding the network topology ) given only the eigenvectors of the shift .	These spectral templates can be obtained , for example , from principal component analysis of a set of graph signals defined on the particular network .	The novel idea is to find a graph shift that while being consistent with the provided spectral information , it endows the network structure with certain desired properties such as sparsity .
+2	Another example is the self-similarity in fractals and dendrites .	Common mathematical theory can have profound applications in understanding real materials .	The intrinsic connection between aperiodic orders observed in the Fibonacci sequence , Penrose tiling , and quasicrystals is a well-known example .	From transmission electron microscopy experiments , we found that FexTaS2 crystals with x=1/4 and 1/3 exhibit complicated antiphase and chiral domain structures related to ordering of intercalated Fe ions with 2a*2a and sqrt3a*sqrt3a superstructures , respectively .	These complex domain patterns are found to be deeply related with the four color theorem , stating that four colors are sufficient to identify the countries on a planar map with proper coloring , and its variations for two-step proper coloring .
+3	This work describes a data release mechanism that employs Post Randomization ( PRAM ) , encryption and random sampling to maintain privacy , while allowing the authorized party to conduct an accurate statistical analysis of the data .	We consider a problem where mutually untrusting curators possess portions of a vertically partitioned database containing information about a set of individuals .	The goal is to enable an authorized party to obtain aggregate ( statistical ) information from the database while protecting the privacy of the individuals , which we formalize using Differential Privacy .	This process can be facilitated by an untrusted server that provides storage and processing services but should not learn anything about the database .	Encryption ensures that the storage server obtains no information about the database , while PRAM and sampling ensures individual privacy is maintained against the authorized party .
+4	The construction of $ \check H $ is via Tannakian formalism : we identify a certain tensor category Q ( Z ) of perverse sheaves on Z with the category of finite-dimensional representations of $ \check H $ .	Let G be a connected reductive complex algebraic group .	This paper is devoted to the space Z of meromorphic quasimaps from a curve into an affine spherical G-variety X .	The space Z may be thought of as an algebraic model for the loop space of X .	In this paper , we associate to X a connected reductive complex algebraic subgroup $ \check H $ of the dual group $ \check G $ .
+0	We measured phonon frequencies and linewidths in doped and undoped BaFe2As2 single crystals by inelastic x-ray scattering and compared our results with density functional theory ( DFT ) calculations .	In agreement with previous work , the calculated frequencies of some phonons depended on whether the ground state was magnetic or not and , in the former case , whether phonon wavevector was parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic ordering wavevector .	The experimental results agreed better with the magnetic calculation than with zero Fe moment calculations , except the peak splitting expected due to magnetic domain twinning was not observed .	Furthermore , phonon frequencies were unaffected by the breakdown of the magnetic ground state due to either doping or increased temperature .	Based on these results we propose that phonons strongly couple not to the static order , but to high frequency magnetic fluctuations .
+0	Visibly pushdown automata are input-driven pushdown automata that recognize some non-regular context-free languages while preserving the nice closure and decidability properties of finite automata .	Visibly pushdown automata with multiple stacks have been considered recently by La Torre , Madhusudan , and Parlato , who exploit the concept of visibility further to obtain a rich automata class that can even express properties beyond the class of context-free languages .	At the same time , their automata are closed under boolean operations , have a decidable emptiness and inclusion problem , and enjoy a logical characterization in terms of a monadic second-order logic over words with an additional nesting structure .	These results require a restricted version of visibly pushdown automata with multiple stacks whose behavior can be split up into a fixed number of phases .	In this paper , we consider 2-stack visibly pushdown automata ( i.e. , visibly pushdown automata with two stacks ) in their unrestricted form .
+4	The phenomenology of the model at the LHC is also explored .	We propose a dark matter model in which the dark sector is gauged under a new SU ( 2 ) group .	The dark sector consists of SU ( 2 ) dark gauge fields , two triplet dark Higgs fields , and two dark fermion doublets ( dark matter candidates in this model ) .	The dark sector interacts with the SM sector through kinetic and mass mixing operators .	The model explains both PAMELA and Fermi LAT data very well and also satisfies constraints from both the DM relic density and Standard Model precision observables .
+0	We prove by explicit computation that 6-point matrix elements of D^4R^4 and D^6R^4 in N=8 supergravity have non-vanishing single-soft scalar limits , and therefore these operators violate the continuous E7 ( 7 ) symmetry .	The soft limits precisely match automorphism constraints .	Together with previous results for R^4 , this provides a direct proof that no E7 ( 7 ) -invariant candidate counterterm exists below 7-loop order .	At 7-loops , we characterize the infinite tower of independent supersymmetric operators D^4R^6 , R^8 , phi^2 R^8 , ... with n & gt ; 4 fields and prove that they all violate E7 ( 7 ) symmetry .	This means that the 4-graviton amplitude determines whether or not the theory is finite at 7-loop order .
+2	For example , for the initial and enhanced LIGO design parameters ( i.e.mirror masses and sizes , and suspension fibers ' lengths and diameters ) we predict a reduction of $ \sim 100 $ in the `` bottom '' spectral density throughout the band $ 35-100\hbox { Hz } $ of serious thermal noise .	The suspension noise in interferometric gravitational wave detectors is caused by losses at the top and the bottom attachments of each suspension fiber .	We use the Fluctuation-Dissipation theorem to argue that by careful positioning of the laser beam spot on the mirror face it is possible to reduce the contribution of the bottom attachment point to the suspension noise by several orders of magnitude .	We then propose a readout scheme which suppresses the suspension noise contribution of the top attachment point .	The idea is to monitor an averaged horizontal displacement of the fiber of length $ l $ ; this allows one to record the contribution of the top attachment point to the suspension noise , and later subtract it it from the interferometer readout .
+1	In this type of model - contrary to Boolean Networks - propagation of local perturbations ( damage ) depends on the in-degree of the sites .	Random Threshold Networks with sparse , asymmetric connections show complex dynamical behavior similar to Random Boolean Networks , with a transition from ordered to chaotic dynamics at a critical average connectivity $ K_c $ .	$ K_c $ is determined analytically , using an annealed approximation , and the results are confirmed by numerical simulations .	It is shown that the statistical distributions of damage spreading near the percolation transition obey power-laws , and dynamical correlations between active network clusters become maximal .	We investigate the effect of local damage suppression at highly connected nodes for networks with scale-free in-degree distributions .
+0	Recent surveys have revealed a lack of close-in planets around evolved stars more massive than 1.2 Msun .	Such planets are common around solar-mass stars .	We have calculated the orbital evolution of planets around stars with a range of initial masses , and have shown how planetary orbits are affected by the evolution of the stars all the way to the tip of the Red Giant Branch ( RGB ) .	We find that tidal interaction can lead to the engulfment of close-in planets by evolved stars .	The engulfment is more efficient for more-massive planets and less-massive stars .
+3	In the homogenous case , we also obtain the elementary excitations due to variations of the single-particle orbital wave functions , by exactly solving the generalized time-dependent Bogoliubov equations .	We study the condensate dynamics of the so-called entangled Bose-Einstein condensation ( EBEC ) , which is the ground state of a mixture of two species of pseudospin- $ \frac { 1 } { 2 } $ atoms with interspecies spin-exchange scattering in certain parameter regimes .	EBEC leads to four inter-dependent superfluid components , each corresponding to the orbital wave function associated with a spin component of a species .	The four superflows have various counter-relations , and altogether lead to a conserved total supercurrent and a conserved total spin supercurrent .	There are three gapless Bogoliubov modes and one Klein-Gordon-like gapped mode .
+4	Our results suggest that TICS , as a function of the photon energy , grows monotonously in the region 42-50 eV .	We report the total integrated cross-section ( TICS ) of two-photon double ionization of helium in the photon energy range from 42 to 50 eV .	Our computational procedure relies on a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr\ '' odinger equation on a square-integrable basis and subsequent projection of this solution on a set of final states describing two electrons in continuum .	Close to the threshold , we reproduce results previously known from the literature .	The region 47-50 eV seems to have been previously unexplored .
+4	The role of instantons in inducing such transitions is discussed .	Large $ N $ two-dimensional QCD on a cylinder and on a vertex manifold ( a sphere with three holes ) is investigated .	The relation between the saddle-point description and the collective field theory of QCD $ _2 $ is established .	Using this relation , it is shown that the Douglas -- Kazakov phase transition on a cylinder is associated with the presence of a gap in the eigenvalue distributions for Wilson loops .	An exact formula for the phase transition on disc with an arbitrary boundary holonomy is found .
+1	The luminosity spectrum at photon colliders is broad and has a rather sharp high-energy edge , which can be used , for example , to measure the mass of the Higgs boson in the process gamma-gamma to H or masses of charged scalars by observing the cross-section threshold .	Calibration of the absolute energy scale at high-energy photon ( gamma-gamma , gamma-electron ) colliders is discussed .	In addition to the precise knowledge of the edge energy of the luminosity spectrum , it is even more important to have a way to calibrate the absolute energy scale of the detector .	At first sight , Compton scattering itself provides a unique way to determine the beam energies and produce particles of known energies that could be used for detector calibration .	The energy scale is given by the electron mass m_e and laser photon energy \omega_0 .
+1	We obtained explicit , analytical expressions for all entries in the neutrino mixing matrix , V_PMNS , the neutrino mixing angles and the Majorana phases as functions of the masses of charged leptons and neutrinos in excellent agreement with the latest experimental values .	The mass matrices of the charged leptons and neutrinos , previously derived in a minimal S_3-invariant extension of the Standard Model , were reparametrized in terms of their eigenvalues .	The resulting V_PMNS matrix is very close to the tri-bimaximal form of the neutrino mixing matrix .	We also derived explicit analytical expressions for the matrices of the Yukawa couplings and computed the branching ratios of some selected flavour changing neutral current processes as functions of the masses of the charged leptons and the neutral Higgs bosons .	We find that the S_3 x Z_2 flavour symmetry and the strong mass hierarchy of the charged leptons strongly suppress the FCNC processes in the leptonic sector well below the present experimental upper bounds by many orders of magnitude .
+4	A comparison of our results from numerical simulations with the theoretical predictions shows good agreement .	We discuss interfaces in spin glasses .	We present new theoretical results and a numerical method to characterize overlap interfaces and the stability of the spin-glass phase in extended disordered systems .	We use this definition to characterize the low temperature phase of hierarchical spin-glass models .	We use the Replica Symmetry Breaking theory to evaluate the cost for an overlap interface , which in these models is particularly simple .
+0	A fairly general procedure is studied to perturbate a multivariate density satisfying a weak form of multivariate symmetry , and to generate a whole set of non-symmetric densities .	The approach is general enough to encompass a number of recent proposals in the literature , variously related to the skew normal distribution .	The special case of skew elliptical densities is examined in detail , establishing connections with existing similar work .	The final part of the paper specializes further to a form of multivariate skew $ t $ density .	Likelihood inference for this distribution is examined , and it is illustrated with numerical examples .
+4	The behaviors of bound states around an impurity suggest that the SC on the surfaces of TIs is not a topological SC .	A two-dimensional superconductor ( SC ) on surfaces of topological insulators ( TIs ) is a mixture of s-wave and helical p-wave components when induced by s-wave interactions , since spin and momentum are correlated .	On the basis of the Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory , we reveal that unconventional SCs on the surfaces of TIs are stable against time-reversal symmetric ( TRS ) impurities within a region of small impurity concentration .	Moreover , we analyze the stability of the SC on the surfaces of TIs against impurities beyond the perturbation theory by solving the real-space Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation for an effective tight-binding model of a TI .	We find that the SC is stable against strong TRS impurities .
+1	The prototypical example is the S-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain ( S-1/2 HAFC ) whose ground state is quantum critical .	It is well established that long-range magnetic order is suppressed in magnetic systems whose interactions are low-dimensional .	In real S-1/2 HAFC compounds interchain coupling induces long-range magnetic order although with a suppressed ordered moment and reduced N\'eel temperature compared to the Curie-Weiss temperature .	Recently , it was suggested that order can also be suppressed if the interchain interactions are frustrated , as for the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model .	Here , we study the new S-1/2 HAFC , ( NO ) [ Cu ( NO3 ) 3 ] .
+3	Results show the CI model with a 1 m close-in reference distance is suitable for outdoor environments , while the CIF model is more appropriate for indoor modeling .	This paper compares three candidate large-scale propagation path loss models for use over the entire microwave and millimeter-wave ( mmWave ) radio spectrum : the alpha-beta-gamma ( ABG ) model , the close-in ( CI ) free space reference distance model , and the CI model with a frequency-weighted path loss exponent ( CIF ) .	Each of these models have been recently studied for use in standards bodies such as 3GPP , and for use in the design of fifth generation ( 5G ) wireless systems in urban macrocell , urban microcell , and indoor office and shopping mall scenarios .	Here we compare the accuracy and sensitivity of these models using measured data from 30 propagation measurement datasets from 2 GHz to 73 GHz over distances ranging from 4 m to 1238 m. A series of sensitivity analyses of the three models show that the physically-based two-parameter CI model and three-parameter CIF model offer computational simplicity , have very similar goodness of fit ( i.e. , the shadow fading standard deviation ) , exhibit more stable model parameter behavior across frequencies and distances , and yield smaller prediction error in sensitivity testing across distances and frequencies , when compared to the four-parameter ABG model .	The CI and CIF models are easily implemented in existing 3GPP models by making a very subtle modification -- by replacing a floating non-physically based constant with a frequency-dependent constant that represents free space path loss in the first meter of propagation .
+1	Choosing an appropriate Riemannian metric on $ M $ and Morse-Smale functions $ f_j : C_j \rightarrow \mathbb { R } $ on the critical submanifolds $ C_j $ , one can construct a Morse chain complex whose boundary operator is defined by counting cascades \cite { FraTheA } .	Let $ f : M \rightarrow \mathbb { R } $ be a Morse-Bott function on a finite dimensional closed smooth manifold $ M $ .	Similar data , which also includes a parameter $ \epsilon & gt ; 0 $ that scales the Morse-Smale functions $ f_j $ , can be used to define an explicit perturbation of the Morse-Bott function $ f $ to a Morse-Smale function $ h_\epsilon : M \rightarrow \mathbb { R } $ \cite { AusMor } \cite { BanDyn } .	In this paper we show that the Morse-Smale-Witten chain complex of $ h_\epsilon $ is the same as the Morse chain complex defined using cascades for any $ \epsilon & gt ; 0 $ sufficiently small .	That is , the two chain complexes have the same generators , and their boundary operators are the same ( up to a choice of sign ) .
+1	We present first numerical tests for the improved Blume-Capel model on the simple cubic lattice .	The exchange or geometric cluster algorithm allows us to define a variance reduced estimator of the connected two-point function in the presence of a broken Z_2-symmetry .	We perform simulations for the critical isotherm , the low temperature phase at vanishing external field and , for comparison , also the high temperature phase .	For the connected two-point function a substantial reduction of the variance can be obtained , allowing us to compute the correlation length with high precision .	Based on these results , estimates for various universal amplitude ratios that characterise the universality class of the three-dimensional Ising model are computed .
+4	104 , 127001 ( 2010 ) ] .	The implications of the spin exciton mechanism are exposed in the context of a Spin Density Wave ( SDW ) instability occurring inside the superconducting phase of a layered heavy electron compound .	In this model a magnetic field serves as a tuning parameter bringing the system to the point where the transverse spin correlations are enhanced due to dx2 -y2 -wave superconductivity and induces an instability to a phase with coexisting superconductivity and SDW order .	The model considers electrons in a crystal with antiferromagnetic interactions and provides restrictions on the Fermi surface characteristics and on the ordering wave-vector ( that can be commensurate or incommensurate close to commensuration ) .	The applications of the model are addressed to the low-temperature/high-magnetic-field phase of CeCoIn5 [ M. Kenzelmann et al. , Science 321 , 1652 ( 2008 ) , Phys.Rev.Lett .
+0	In formation control , an ensemble of autonomous agents is required to stabilize at a given configuration in the plane , doing so while agents are allowed to observe only a subset of the ensemble .	As such , formation control provides a rich class of problems for decentralized control methods and techniques .	Additionally , it can be used to model a wide variety of scenarios where decentralization is a main characteristic .	We introduce here some mathematical background necessary to address questions of stability in decentralized control in general and formation control in particular .	This background includes an extension of the notion of global stability to systems evolving on manifolds and a notion of robustness of feedback control for nonlinear systems .
+4	The expected performance and sensitivity , based on Monte Carlo simulations and extrapolations of present results , are reported .	CUORE is a proposed tightly packed array of 1000 TeO_ { 2 } bolometers , each being a cube 5 cm on a side with a mass of 750 gms .	The array consists of 25 vertical towers , arranged in a square , of 5 towers by 5 towers , each containing 10 layers of 4 crystals .	The design of the detector is optimized for ultralow- background searches for neutrinoless double beta decay of ^ { 130 } Te ( 33.8 % abundance ) , cold dark matter , solar axions , and rare nuclear decays .	A preliminary experiment involving 20 crystals of various sizes ( MIBETA ) has been completed , and a single CUORE tower is being constructed as a smaller scale experiment called CUORICINO .
+3	Yet another consequence of this picture is that for odd number of electrons per dimer there exist competition between double exchange mechanism of ferromagnetism , and the formation of singlet dimer by electron on one orbital , with remaining electrons giving a net spin of a dimer .	We show that in transition metal compounds containing structural metal dimers there may exist in the presence of different orbitals a special state with partial formation of singlets by electrons on one orbital , while others are effectively decoupled and may give e.g.long-range magnetic order or stay paramagnetic .	Similar situation can be realized in dimers spontaneously formed at structural phase transitions , which can be called orbital-selective Peierls transition .	This can occur in case of strongly nonuniform hopping integrals for different orbitals and small intra-atomic Hund 's rule coupling JH .	The first case is realized for strong Hund 's rule coupling , typical for 3d compounds , whereas the second is more plausible for 4d-5d compounds .
+2	Combining variational concepts in the adiabatic regime and perturbation theory in the anti-adiabatic regime we derive effective spin Hamiltonians which cover the dynamical effect of phonons in an approximate way .	As a simple model for spin-Peierls systems we study a frustrated Heisenberg chain coupled to optical phonons .	In view of the anorganic spin-Peierls compound CuGeO3 we consider two different mechanisms of spin-phonon coupling .	Ground-state phase diagrams of these models are determined , and the effect of frustration is discussed .	Comparing the properties of the ground state and of low-lying excitations with exact diagonalization data for the full quantum spin phonon models , good agreement is found especially in the anti-adiabatic regime .
+1	Despite the substantive theoretical and numerical progress to characterize these behaviors , its experimental implementation has been almost sterile .	Macroscopic systems subjected to injection and dissipation of energy can exhibit complex spatiotemporal behaviors as result of dissipative self-organization .	Here , we report a two-dimensional pattern forming set up , which exhibits a transition from stationary patterns to spatiotemporal chaotic textures , based on a nematic liquid crystal layer with spatially modulated input beam and optical feedback .	Using an adequate projection of spatiotemporal diagrams , we determine the largest Lyapunov exponent .	This exponent and Fourier transform lead to a reconciliation of experimental observations and theoretical developments .
+3	In this sense the theory is analogous to the electromagnetic theory in a dielectric medium in which the product of permittivity and permeability is equal to unity ( an isorefractive medium ) .	The main part of this paper is to present an updated review of the Casimir energy at zero and finite temperature for the transverse oscillations of a piecewise uniform closed string .	We make use of three different regularizations : the cutoff method , the complex contour integration method , and the zeta-function method .	The string model is relativistic , in the sense that the velocity of sound is for each string piece set equal to the velocity of light .	We demonstrate how the formalism works for a two-piece string , and for a 2N-piece string , and show how in the latter case a compact recursion relation serves to facilitate the formalism considerably .
+0	Given stabilizer operations and the ability to repeatedly prepare a single-qubit mixed state rho , can we do universal quantum computation ?	As motivation for this question , `` magic state '' distillation procedures can reduce the general fault-tolerance problem to that of performing fault-tolerant stabilizer circuits .	We improve the procedures of Bravyi and Kitaev in the Hadamard `` magic '' direction of the Bloch sphere to achieve a sharp threshold between those rho allowing universal quantum computation , and those for which any calculation can be efficiently classically simulated .	As a corollary , the ability to repeatedly prepare any pure state which is not a stabilizer state ( e.g. , any single-qubit pure state which is not a Pauli eigenstate ) , together with stabilizer operations , gives quantum universality .	It remains open whether there is also a tight separation in the so-called T direction .
+0	This paper is to investigate the effects of quantum noises on entanglement localization by taking an example of reducing a three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger ( GHZ ) state to a two-qubit entangled state .	We consider , respectively , two types of quantum decoherence , i.e. , amplitude-damping and depolarizing decoherence , and explore the best von Neumann measurements on one of three qubits of the triple GHZ state for making the amount of entanglement of the collapsed bipartite state be as large as possible .	The results indicate that different noises have different impacts on entanglement localization , and that the optimal strategy for reducing a three-qubit GHZ state to a two-qubit one via local measurements and classical communications in the amplitude-damping case is different from that in the noise-free case .	We also show that the idea of entanglement localization could be utilized to improve the quality of bipartite entanglement distributing through amplitude-damping channels .	These findings might shed a new light on entanglement manipulations and transformations .
+3	Our results generalize well-known structures in the rank one case , namely the Bessel-Kingman hypergroups on the positive real line , to a higher rank setting .	In this paper we introduce probability-preserving convolution algebras on cones of positive semidefinite matrices over one of the division algebras $ \b F = \b R , \b C $ or $ \b H $ which interpolate the convolution algebras of radial bounded Borel measures on a matrix space $ M_ { p , q } ( \b F ) $ with $ p\geq q $ .	Radiality in this context means invariance under the action of the unitary group $ U_p ( \b F ) $ from the left .	We obtain a continuous series of commutative hypergroups whose characters are given by Bessel functions of matrix argument .	In a second part of the paper , we study structures depending only on the matrix spectra .
+0	We present a detailed analysis of a 3.5 s long burst from SGR1900+14 which occurred on 2001 July 2 .	The 2-150 keV time-integrated energy spectrum is well described by the sum of two blackbodies whose temperatures are approximately 4.3 and 9.8 keV .	The time-resolved energy spectra are similarly well fit by the sum of two blackbodies .	The higher temperature blackbody evolves with time in a manner consistent with a shrinking emitting surface .	The interpretation of these results in the context of the magnetar model suggests that the two blackbody fit is an approximation of an absorbed , multi-temperature spectrum expected on theoretical grounds rather than a physical description of the emission .
+3	We present new evidence ( partly provided by A.P.S .	We remeasure the `` light echo '' times to the near and far side of the ring around SN 1987A using the method of Gould ( 1995 ) and the new reductions of the original UV spectra by Sonneborn et al . ( 1996 ) .	Under the assumption that the ring is circular , we obtain an upper limit to the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud \mu_lmc & lt ; 18.37 +/- 0.04 .	This result is very close to Gould 's original value , and contradicts claims that the new spectra measurements lead to a significant increase in the distance estimate and a substantial increase in the statistical errors .	Crotts ) that the ring is intrinsically elliptical , with axis ratio b/a ~ 0.95 .
+2	On metal surfaces , relevance of surface plasmon polaritons ( SPlPs ) , coupled to collective motion of conduction electrons , has attracted strong interest , but has not been explicitly clarified up to the present time .	Intense electromagnetic evanescent fields are thermally excited in near fields on material surfaces ( at distances smaller than the wavelength of peak thermal radiation ) .	The property of the fields is of strong interest for it is material-specific and is important for understanding a variety of surface-related effects , such as friction forces , Casimir forces , near-field heat transfer , and surface-coupled molecular dynamics .	Here , using a passive terahertz ( THz ) near-field microscope with unprecedented high sensitivity , we unveil detailed nature of thermally generated evanescent fields ( wavelength : lamda0~14.5micron ) on metals at room temperature .	Our experimental results unambiguously indicate that the thermal waves are short-wavelength fluctuating electromagnetic fields , from which relevance of SPlPs is ruled out .
+4	The short-cuts form a network ( SCN ) that increases in size and transitivity as a protein folds .	We examined protein residue networks ( PRNs ) from a local search perspective to understand why PRNs are highly clustered when having short paths is important for protein functionality .	We found that by adopting a local search perspective , this conflict between form and function is resolved as increased clustering actually helps to reduce path length in PRNs .	Further , the paths found via our EDS local search algorithm are more congruent with the characteristics of intra-protein communication .	EDS identifies a subset of PRN edges called short-cuts that are distinct , have high usage , impacts EDS path length , diversity and stretch , and are dominated by short-range contacts .
+3	The two-dimensional Tsallis entropy was obtained from the twodimensional histogram which was determined by using the gray value of the pixels and the local average gray value of the pixels , the work it was applied a generalized entropy formalism that represents a recent development in statistical mechanics .	Thresholding is an important task in image processing .	It is a main tool in pattern recognition , image segmentation , edge detection and scene analysis .	In this paper , we present a new thresholding technique based on two-dimensional Tsallis entropy .	The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by using examples from the real-world and synthetic images .
+1	Two batches of single crystals $ K_xFe_2Se_2 $ with different transition temperatures ( $ T_c $ ) were used to study the effect of pressure .	We performed the high hydrostatic pressure resistivity measurements ( up to 1.7 GPa ) on the newly discovered superconductors $ A_ { x } $ Fe $ _2 $ Se $ _2 $ ( $ A $ = K and Cs ) single crystals .	The $ T_c $ of the first one gradually decreases with increasing pressure from 32.6 K at ambient pressure .	While a dome-like behavior was observed for the crystal with $ T_c=31.1 $ K , and $ T_c $ reaches its maximum value of 32.7 K at the pressure of 0.48 GPa .	It indicates that there exists a optimal doping with maximum $ T_c $ of 32.7K in $ K_xFe_2Se_2 $ system .
+2	Superimposed on this fluctuation is a linear increase of the temperature by typically 0.40oC per century ever since reliable data is available , i.e.since 1702 .	We analyze global surface temperature data obtained at 13472 weather stations from the year 1702 to 1990 .	The mean annual temperature of a station fluctuates from year to year by typically +-0.6oC ( one standard deviation ) .	The world population has doubled from 1952 to 1990 , yet we see no statistically significant acceleration of global warming in this period .	We conclude that the effect of humankind on global warming up to 1990 is 0.0 +- 0.1oC .
+3	The method of randomization , which is at the heart of these simulation procedures , can significantly affect the resulting statistical conclusions .	Large-scale statistical analysis of data sets associated with genome sequences plays an important role in modern biology .	A key component of such statistical analyses is the computation of $ p $ -values and confidence bounds for statistics defined on the genome .	Currently such computation is commonly achieved through ad hoc simulation measures .	Most simulation schemes introduce a variety of hidden assumptions regarding the nature of the randomness in the data , resulting in a failure to capture biologically meaningful relationships .
+0	Ground-based exoplanet surveys such as SuperWASP , HATNet and KELT have discovered close to two hundred transiting extrasolar planets in the past several years .	The strategy of these surveys is to look at a large field of view and measure the brightnesses of its bright stars to around half a percent per point precision , which is adequate for detecting hot Jupiters .	Typically , these surveys use CCD detectors to achieve high precision photometry .	These CCDs , however , are expensive relative to other consumer-grade optical imaging devices , such as digital single-lens reflex cameras ( DSLRs ) .	We look at the possibility of using a digital single-lens reflex camera for precision photometry .
+3	We show that under appropriate additional assumptions on $ A $ the asymptotic $ \mathbf { P } \ { X & gt ; x \ } \sim c x^ { -\kappa } \ell ( x ) $ holds , where $ \ell $ is a nonconstant slowly varying function .	Consider the perpetuity equation $ X \stackrel { \mathcal { D } } { = } A X + B $ , where $ ( A , B ) $ and $ X $ on the right-hand side are independent .	The Kesten-Goldie theorem states that $ \mathbf { P } \ { X & gt ; x \ } \sim c x^ { -\kappa } $ if $ \mathbf { E } A^\kappa = 1 , \mathbf { E } A^\kappa \log_+ A & lt ; \infty $ and $ \mathbf { E } |B|^\kappa & lt ; \infty $ .	We assume that $ \mathbf { E } |B|^\nu & lt ; \infty $ for some $ \nu & gt ; \kappa $ , and consider two cases ( i ) $ \mathbf { E } A^\kappa = 1 $ but $ \mathbf { E } A^\kappa \log_+ A = \infty $ ; ( ii ) $ \mathbf { E } A^\kappa & lt ; 1 $ but $ \mathbf { E } A^t = \infty $ for all $ t & gt ; \kappa $ .	We use Goldie 's renewal theoretic approach .
+2	The nonlinearity of rotation results from long-lived coherence of ground-state Zeeman sublevels created by a near-resonant light .	We report on the first observation of nonlinear Faraday rotation with cold atoms at a temperature of ~100 uK .	The observed nonlinear rotation of the light polarization plane is up to 0.1 rad over the 1 mm size atomic cloud in approximately 10 mG magnetic field .	The method allows for creation , detection and control of atomic superposition states .	It also allows applications for precision magnetometry with high spatial and temporal resolution .
+1	We show that the main structures of quantum theory ( interference of probabilities , Born 's rule , complex probabilistic amplitudes , Hilbert state space , representation of observables by operators ) are present in a latent form in the classical Kolmogorov probability model .	The notion of context ( complex of physical conditions ) is basic in this paper .	However , this model should be considered as a calculus of contextual probabilities .	In our approach it is forbidden to consider abstract context independent probabilities : `` first context and then probability . ''	We start with the conventional formula of total probability for contextual ( conditional ) probabilities and then we rewrite it by eliminating combinations of incompatible contexts from consideration .
+0	The complex nature of inertial confinement fusion ( ICF ) experiments results in a very large number of experimental parameters that are only known with limited reliability .	These parameters , combined with the myriad physical models that govern target evolution , make the reliable extraction of physics from experimental campaigns very difficult .	We develop an inference method that allows all important experimental parameters , and previous knowledge , to be taken into account when investigating underlying microphysics models .	The result is framed as a modified $ \chi^ { 2 } $ analysis which is easy to implement in existing analyses , and quite portable .	We present a first application to a recent convergent ablator experiment performed at the NIF , and investigate the effect of variations in all physical dimensions of the target ( very difficult to do using other methods ) .
+1	It is observed that the thermodynamically spontaneous encapsulation in the 4 nm nanopore ( 40 kJ/mol ) is annihilated when the solid diameter narrows down to 3 nm , and that the confined DNA termini directly contact the hydrophobic walls with no solvent slab in-between .	The energetic and transport properties of a double-stranded DNA dodecamer encapsulated in hydrophobic carbon nanotubes are probed employing two limiting nanotube diameters , D=4 nm and D=3 nm , corresponding to ( 51,0 ) and ( 40,0 ) zig-zag topologies , respectively .	During the initial moments after confinement ( 2-3 ns ) , the biomolecule translocates along the nano pore 's inner volume according to Fick 's law ( t ) with a self-diffusion coefficient D=1.713 x 10-9m2/s , after which molecular diffusion assumes a single-file type mechanism ( t1/2 ) .	As expected , diffusion is anisotropic , with the pore main axis as the preferred direction , but an in-depth analysis shows that the instantaneous velocity probabilities are essentially identical along the x , y and z directions .	The 3D velocity histogram shows a maximum probability located at v=30.8 m/s , twice the observed velocity for a single-stranded three nucleotide DNA encapsulated in comparable armchair geometries ( v=16.7 m/s , D=1.36-1.89 nm ) .
+1	First three parameters relate to the nonminimal coupling of non-Abelian gauge field and gravity field , two parameters describe the so-called derivative nonminimal coupling of scalar multiplet with gravity field , and the sixth parameter introduces the standard coupling of scalar field with Ricci scalar .	We establish a nonminimal Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs model , which contains six coupling parameters .	The formulated six-parameter nonminimal Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs model is applied to cosmology .	We show that there exists a unique exact cosmological solution of the de Sitter type for a special choice of the coupling parameters .	The nonminimally extended Yang-Mills and Higgs equations are satisfied for arbitrary gauge and scalar fields , when the coupling parameters are specifically related to the curvature constant of the isotropic spacetime .
+3	In light of the recent detection by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope ( FGST ) of 47 Tuc , the first detection of any globular cluster as a gamma-ray source , we present the results of observations of northern hemisphere globular clusters by VERITAS .	It has been postulated that globular clusters could be sources of Very-High Energy ( VHE ) gamma rays , powered by milli-second pulsars .	This could be due to cumulative direct emission or to plerion-type emission driven by colliding winds .	In particular the southern hemisphere globular cluster 47 Tuc has been singled out as a potential source in both models .	Three globular clusters have been observed : M15 , M13 and M5 .
+1	We analyse this scenario through the investigation of the extended Hubbard model on a two-dimensional square lattice , using the spin rotation invariant slave-boson representation of Kotliar and Ruckenstein .	Attractive non-local interactions jointly with repulsive local interaction in a microscopic modelling of electronic Fermi liquids generate a competition between an enhancement of the static charge susceptibility -- -ultimately signalling charge instability and phase separation -- -and its correlation induced suppression .	The quasiparticle density of states , the renormalised effective mass and the Landau parameter $ F_0^s $ are presented , whereby the positivity of $ F_0^s-1 $ constitutes a criterion for stability .	Van Hove singularities in the density of states support possible charge instabilities .	A ( negative ) next-nearest neighbour hopping parameter $ t ' $ shifts their positions and produces a tendency towards charge instability even for low filling whereas the $ t ' $ -controlled particle-hole asymmetry of the correlation driven effective mass is small .
+1	Variability studies require simultaneous coverage , ideally sampling different flux states of each source .	This work is a summary of the X-ray spectral studies of 29 TeV $ \gamma $ -ray emitting blazars observed with Swift/XRT , especially focusing on sources for which X-ray regime allows to study the low and the high energy ends of the particle distributions function .	This is achieved using X-ray observations by disentangling the high-energy end of the synchrotron emission and the low-energy end of the Compton emission , which are produced by the same electron population .	We focused on a sample of 29 TeV gamma-ray emitting blazars with the best signal-to-noise X-ray observations collected with Swift/XRT in the energy range of 0.3-10 keV during 10 years of Swift/XRT operations .	We investigate the X-ray spectral shapes and the effects of different corrections for neutral hydrogen absorption and decompose the synchrotron and inverse Compton components .
+3	For very clean background conditions and R_ { p } violation parameters close to present limits , a future detection of B-violating interactions should be possible .	We studied the process $ e^ { + } e^ { - } \to t\bar { c } +c\bar { t } $ in a R_ { p } violating supersymmetric model with effects from both B- and L-violating interactions .	The calculation shows that it is possible to either detect the R_ { p } violating signal at the Next Linear Collider or get more stringent constraints on the heavy-flavor $ \rlap/R_ { p } $ couplings .	A comparision with results from $ \gamma\gamma \to t\bar { c } + c\bar { t } $ may allow to distinguish between B- and L-violating interactions .	The process of $ \mu ^ { + } \mu ^ { - } \to t \bar { c } +c\bar { t } $ is also considered .
+3	These results serve as proof that at low temperatures SmB6 has a robust metallic surface that surrounds a truly insulating bulk , paving the way for transport studies of the surface state in this proposed TKI material .	A topological insulator ( TI ) is an unusual quantum state in which the insulating bulk is topologically distinct from vacuum , resulting in a unique metallic surface that is robust against time-reversal invariant perturbations .	These surface transport properties , however , remains difficult to be isolated from the bulk in existing TI crystals ( Bi2Se3 , Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 ) due to impurity caused bulk conduction .	We report in large crystals of topological Kondo insulator ( TKI ) candidate material SmB6 the thickness-independent surface Hall effects and non- local transport , which are robust against perturbations including mechanical abrasion .	( xia.jing @ uci.edu ) .
+3	The conventional measurement probabilities derived from squares of the wavefunction then describes the effects of measurement back-action , which originate from a non-classical relation between dynamics and statistics that is characteristic of quantum mechanics .	Weak measurements of photon position can be used to obtain direct experimental evidence of the wavefunction of a photon between generation and ultimate detection .	Significantly , these measurement results can also be understood as complex valued conditional probabilities of intermediate photon positions .	It is therefore possible to interpret the quantum state as a complex valued probability distribution from which measurement probabilities can be derived according to Bayesian rules .	It is pointed out that this relation can be used to derive the complete Hilbert space formalism directly from complex probabilities , without the axiomatic introduction of quantum states or operators .
+3	The triadic transfers occurring among these shells are computed and the fluxes and locality functions are recovered by partial summation over the relevant shells .	The scale locality of energy fluxes for magnetohydrodynamics ( MHD ) is investigated numerically for stationary states of turbulence .	Two types of forces are used to drive turbulence , a kinetic force that acts only on the velocity field and a kinetic-inductive forcing mechanism , which acts on the velocity and magnetic fields alike .	The analysis is performed in spectral space , which is decomposed into a series of shells following a power law for the boundaries .	Employing Kraichnan locality functions , values of 1/3 and 2/3 for the scaling exponents of the four MHD energy fluxes are found .
+3	This is used to maximize the information gain from each experimental evaluation .	This paper proposes an automatic controller tuning framework based on linear optimal control combined with Bayesian optimization .	With this framework , an initial set of controller gains is automatically improved according to a pre-defined performance objective evaluated from experimental data .	The underlying Bayesian optimization algorithm is Entropy Search , which represents the latent objective as a Gaussian process and constructs an explicit belief over the location of the objective minimum .	Thus , this framework shall yield improved controllers with fewer evaluations compared to alternative approaches .
+0	In programmers point of view , Datatypes in programming language level have a simple description but inside hardware , huge machine codes are responsible to describe type features .	Datatype architecture design is a novel approach to match programming features along with hardware design .	In this paper a novel Data type-Based Code Reducer ( TYPELINE ) architecture is proposed and implemented according to significant data types ( SDT ) of programming languages .	TYPELINE uses TEUs for processing various SDT operations .	This architecture design leads to reducing the number of machine codes , and increases execution speed , and also improves some parallelism level .
+1	Suppose U is a nonprincipal ultrafilter on omega .	A set X which is a subset of the Cantor set has property ( s ) ( Marczewski ( Spzilrajn ) ) iff for every perfect set P there exists a perfect set Q contained in P such that Q is a subset of X or Q is disjoint from X .	It is not difficult to see that if U is preserved by Sacks forcing , i.e. , it generates an ultrafilter in the generic extension after forcing with the partial order of perfect sets , then U has property ( s ) in the ground model .	It is known that selective ultrafilters or even P-points are preserved by Sacks forcing .	On the other hand ( answering a question raised by Hrusak ) we show that assuming CH ( or more generally MA for ctble posets ) there exists an ultrafilter U with property ( s ) such that U does not generate an ultrafilter in any extension which adds a new subset of omega .
+2	In this review paper , we give a glimpse on some aspects of their very rich representation theory in the context of general quantum affinizations .	Quantum toroidal algebras ( or double affine quantum algebras ) are defined from quantum affine Kac-Moody algebras by using the Drinfeld quantum affinization process .	They are quantum groups analogs of elliptic Cherednik algebras ( elliptic double affine Hecke algebras ) to whom they are related via Schur-Weyl duality .	We illustrate with several examples .	We also announce new results and explain possible further developments , in particular on finite dimensional representations at roots of unity .
+1	In this paper , we consider a class of models in which the dark matter and dark energy interact directly .	It is generally assumed that the two dark components of the energy density of the universe , a smooth component called dark energy and a fluid of nonrelativistic weakly interacting particles called dark matter , are independent of each other and interact only through gravity .	The dark matter particle mass is proportional to the value of a scalar field , and the energy density of this scalar field comprises the dark energy .	We study the phenomenology of these models and calculate the luminosity distance as a function of redshift and the CMB anisotropy spectrum for several cases .	We find that the phenomenology of these models can differ significantly from the standard case , and current observations can already rule out the simplest models .
+1	The sources of this variation and its universality are of much theoretical interest .	Proliferating cell populations at steady state growth often exhibit broad protein distributions with exponential tails .	Here we address the problem by asymptotic analysis of the Population Balance Equation .	We show that the steady state distribution tail is determined by a combination of protein production and cell division and is insensitive to other model details .	Under general conditions this tail is exponential with a dependence on parameters consistent with experiment .
+3	Thus , individuals confront a new dilemma : on the one hand , they may be inclined to choose the shared reward despite the possibility of being exploited by defectors ; on the other hand , if too many players do that , cooperators will obtain a poor reward and defectors will outperform them .	One of the most direct human mechanisms of promoting cooperation is rewarding it .	We study the effect of sharing a reward among cooperators in the most stringent form of social dilemma , namely the Prisoner 's Dilemma .	Specifically , for a group of players that collect payoffs by playing a pairwise Prisoner 's Dilemma game with their partners , we consider an external entity that distributes a fixed reward equally among all cooperators .	By appropriately tuning the amount to be shared a vast variety of scenarios arises , including traditional ones in the study of cooperation as well as more complex situations where unexpected behavior can occur .
+2	This procedure has been applied to all SDSS-III Data Release 8 images , and the results are available as part of that data set .	We describe a procedure for background subtracting Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS ) imaging that improves the resulting detection and photometry of large galaxies on the sky .	Within each SDSS drift scan run , we mask out detected sources and then fit a smooth function to the variation of the sky background .	We have tested the effect of our background subtraction on the photometry of large galaxies by inserting fake galaxies into the raw pixels , reanalyzing the data , and measuring them after background subtraction .	Our technique results in no size-dependent bias in galaxy fluxes up to half-light radii of 100 arcsec ; in contrast , for galaxies of that size the standard SDSS photometric catalog underestimates fluxes by about 1.5 mag .
+2	We present an atomic-scale calculational study of the adsorption of chlorine-based substance chloroform ( CHCl3 ) on graphene oxide , as a step in estimating the capacity of graphene oxide for filtering out such substances , e.g. , from drinking water .	Chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds are of environmental concerns , since they are toxic to humans and other mammals , are widespread , and exposure is hard to avoid .	Understanding and improving methods to reduce the amount of the substances is important .	The calculations are based on density functional theory ( DFT ) , and the recently developed consistent-exchange functional for the van der Waals density-functional method ( vdW-DF-cx ) is employed .	We obtain values of the chloroform adsorption energy varying from roughly 0.2 to 0.4 eV per molecule .
+4	Moreover , we calculate the variance of the output work and discuss the possibility to minimize fluctuations of the output power .	We investigate a stochastic heat engine based on an over-damped particle diffusing on the positive real axis in an externally driven time-periodic log-harmonic potential .	The periodic driving is composed of two isothermal and two adiabatic branches .	Within our specific setting we verify the recent universal results regarding efficiency at maximum power and discuss properties of the optimal protocol .	Namely , we show that for certain fixed parameters the optimal protocol maximizes not only the output power but also the efficiency .
+2	The frequency-dependent conductivity exhibits a power-law behavior $ \sigma_1 ( \omega ) \propto \omega^n $ that grows stronger as the temperature decreases and extends all the way through the far-infrared .	The Mott-insulator \kappa- ( BEDT-TTF ) _2Cu_2 ( CN ) _3 is the prime candidate of a quantum spin liquid with puzzling magnetic properties .	Our THz and infrared investigations reveal that also the charge dynamics does not follow the expectations for a Mott insulator .	With $ n\approx 0.8 $ to 1.5 we obtain a significantly smaller exponent than predicted by Ng and Lee [ Phys.Rev.Lett .	{ \bf 99 } , 156402 ( 2007 ) ] .
+0	The lattice dynamics of solid 4He has been explored using pulsed NMR methods to study the motion of 3He impurities in the temperature range where experiments have revealed anomalies attributed to superflow or unexpected viscoelastic properties of the solid 4He lattice .	We report the results of measurements of the nuclear spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times that measure the fluctuation spectrum at high and low frequencies , respectively , of the 3He motion that results from quantum tunneling in the 4He matrix .	The measurements were made for 3He concentrations 16 & lt ; x_3 & lt ; 2000 ppm .	For 3He concentrations x_3 = 16 ppm and 24 ppm , large changes are observed for both the spin-lattice relaxation time T_1 and the spin-spin relaxation time T_2 at temperatures close to those for which the anomalies are observed in measurements of torsional oscillator responses and the shear modulus .	These changes in the NMR relaxation rates were not observed for higher 3He concentrations .
+4	We analyze the effect of the stellar ionizing continuum , as well as of the gas and grain properties on the calculated H2 mass .	This paper presents an analysis of the concentration of the hydrogen molecule inside the ionized region of planetary nebulae .	The equations corresponding to the ionization and chemical equilibria of H , H+ , H- , H2 , H2+ , and H3+ are coupled with the equations of ionization and thermal balance for a photoionized atomic gas .	Forty different reactions related to the formation or the destruction of these species are included .	The presence of dust is taken into account , since grains act as catalysts for the production of H2 , as well as shield the molecules against the stellar ionizing radiation .
+2	In this paper we investigate the observational properties of the star and its surroundings in the post outburst phase .	V838 Mon erupted at the beginning of 2002 becoming an extremely luminous star .	Among various scenarios proposed to explain the nature of the outburst the most promising is a stellar merger event .	We have obtained a high resolution optical spectrum of V838 Mon in October 2005 using the Keck I telescope.We have identified numerous atomic features and molecular bands present in the spectrum and provided an atlas of those features .	In order to improve the spectrum interpretation we have performed simple modeling of the molecular bands .
+1	The resulting increase in signal-to-noise ratios can lead to significantly shorter acquisition times in signal-limited multi-dimensional NMR experiments and pave the way to the study of even smaller sample volumes .	Magnetic-field and microwave-frequency modulated DNP experiments have been shown to yield improved enhancements over conventional DNP techniques , and even to shorten polarization build-up times .	In this paper we describe the design and performance of a broadband system for microwave frequency- and amplitude-modulated DNP that has been engineered to minimize both microwave and thermal losses during operation at liquid helium temperatures .	The system incorporates a flexible source that can generate arbitrary waveforms at 94 GHz with a bandwidth greater than 1 GHz , as well as a probe that efficiently transmits the millimeter waves from room temperature outside the magnet to a cryogenic environment inside the magnet .	Using a thin-walled brass tube as an overmoded waveguide to transmit a hybrid HE11 mode , it is possible to limit the losses to 1 dB across a 2 GHz bandwidth .
+0	The aim of this paper is to shed light on the analysis of non-stationary time series by means of the method of diffusion entropy .	For this purpose , we first study the case when infinitely many time series , as different realizations of the same dynamic process , are available , so as to adopt the Gibbs ensemble perspective .	We solve the problem of establishing under which conditions scaling emerges from within this perspective .	Then , we study the more challenging problem of creating a diffusion process from only one single ( non-stationary ) time series .	The conversion of this single sequence into many diffusional trajectories is equivalent to creating a non-Gibbsian ensemble .
+3	Entropy densities are calculated for reactions up 14 TeV energies .	A scheme is proposed for calculating the entropy production in highly transparent colliding systems .	The formalism is continuum physical and fully conform with thermodynamics ; and the calculation is explicit in entropy production .	We have analyzed high energy heavy ion collisions from view point of thermodynamics .	Final state particle productions are predicted using particle generating quark and hadron models .
+0	We have investigated temperature dependence of the longitudinal conductivity $ \sigma_ { xx } $ at integer filling factors $ \nu =i $ for Si/SiGe heterostructure in the quantum Hall effect regime .	It is shown that for odd $ i $ , when the Fermi level $ E_ { F } $ is situated between the valley-split levels , $ \Delta \sigma_ { xx } $ is determined by quantum corrections to conductivity caused by the electron-electron interaction : $ \Delta\sigma_ { xx } ( T ) \sim \ln T $ .	For even $ i $ , when $ E_ { F } $ is located between cyclotron-split levels or spin-split levels , $ \sigma_ { xx } \sim \exp [ -\Delta_ { i } /T ] $ for $ i=6,10,12 $ and $ \sim \exp [ - ( T_ { 0i } /T ) ] ^ { 1/2 } $ for $ i=4,8 $ .	For further decrease of $ T $ , all dependences $ \sigma_ { xx } ( T ) $ tend to almost temperature-independent residual conductivity $ \sigma_ { i } ( 0 ) $ .	A possible mechanism for $ \sigma_ { i } ( 0 ) $ is discussed .
+4	It is argued that with state of the art shell model calculations the anomaly should disappear .	A gross estimate of the neutron skin [ 0.80 ( 5 ) $ ( N-Z ) /A $ fm ] is extracted from experimental proton radii , represented by a four parameter fit , and observed mirror displacement energies ( CDE ) .	The calculation of the latter relies on an accurately derived Coulomb energy and smooth averages of the charge symmetry breaking potentials constrained to state of the art values .	The only free parameter is the neutron skin itself .	The Nolen Schiffer anomaly is reduced to small deviations ( rms=127 keV ) that exhibit a secular trend .
+4	In a nondimensionalized form , our mathematical system contains a dimensionless parameter which we call the `` galactic rotation number '' that represents the gross ratio of centrifugal force and gravitational force .	We present an efficient , robust computational method for modeling the Newtonian dynamics for rotation curve analysis of thin-disk galaxies .	For a disk galaxy with a typical flat rotation curve , our modeling results show that the surface mass density monotonically decreases from the galactic center toward periphery , according to Newtonian dynamics .	In a large portion of the galaxy , the surface mass density follows an approximately exponential law of decay with respect to the galactic radial coordinate .	Yet the radial scale length for the surface mass density seems to be generally larger than that of the measured brightness distribution , suggesting an increasing mass-to-light ratio with the radial distance in a disk galaxy .
+3	The proof is based on the connection of the problem to the discrepancy of multi-dimensional irrational rotations , and specifically , to the theory of bounded remainder sets .	We consider systems of exponentials with frequencies belonging to simple quasicrystals in $ \mathbb { R } ^d $ .	We ask if there exist domains $ S $ in $ \mathbb { R } ^d $ which admit such a system as a Riesz basis for the space $ L^2 ( S ) $ .	We prove that the answer depends on an arithmetical condition on the quasicrystal .	In particular it is shown that any bounded remainder set admits a Riesz basis of exponentials .
+1	In the studies of practical BQC protocol , an important problem is how to reduce the quantum requirement of the client .	Blind quantum computation ( BQC ) enables a client without enough quantum power to delegate his quantum computation to a quantum server , while keeping the input data , the algorithm and the result unknown to the server .	Multi-server BQC protocols have been proposed to solve this problem .	We review the double-server and triple-server protocols [ Li et al. , Phys.Rev .	A 89 , 040302 ( R ) ( 2014 ) ] , and propose a modified double-server BQC protocol with a trusted center .
+0	Forbidden in the Standard Model , Charged Lepton Flavour Violation is a strong probe for New Physics .	The COMET Experiment will measure one of these processes : that of COherent Muon to Electron Transitions , where a muon converts to an electron in the presence of a nucleus without the emission of any neutrinos .	COMET aims to improve the current limit on this process by four orders of magnitude .	Being built in two phases at J-PARC , Tokai , Japan , COMET will first take data in 2018 , where it should achieve a factor 100 improvement .	This report gives an overview of $ \mu $ - $ e $ conversion and the COMET experiment as well as a summary of the recent progress in construction and design .
+3	When full compliance is checked it is found that some datasets displaying defect similarity do not satisfy all the criteria for similarity .	Zagarola and Smits developed an empirical velocity parameter for scaling the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer velocity profile that has been widely applied to experimental datasets and has resulted in similarity in many of those datasets .	In all the cases studied thus far claims for similarity involving the Zagarola and Smits scaling parameter have been based on examining plots of the defect profile .	In the work herein it is shown that the common practice of finding similarity behavior using the defect profile has often been incomplete in the sense that not all of the criteria for similarity have been checked for compliance .	The nature of this contradiction and noncompliance is described in detail .
+1	The spectral theorem for such a class of operators are given .	This paper is devoted to self-adjoint cyclically compact operators on Hilbert -- Kaplansky module over a ring of bounded measurable functions .	We apply this result to partial integral equations on the space with mixed norm of measurable functions and to compact operators relative to von Neumann algebras .	We will give a condition of solvability of partial integral equations with self-adjoint kernel .	Moreover , a general form of compact operators relative to a type I von Neumann algebra is given .
+3	The relation of the nonlinear Heisenberg ODES to asymptotic quantum SDEs is established extending previous work on linear ( Schrodinger ) equations .	The Ito and Stratonovich approaches are carried over to quantum stochastic systems .	Here the white noise representation is shown to be the most appropriate as here the two approaches appear as Wick and Weyl orderings , respectively .	This introduces for the first time the Stratonovich form for SDEs driven by Poisson processes or quantum SDEs including the conservation process .	This is shown to generalize the classical integral transformations between the various forms of stochastic calculi and to extend the Khasminskii theorem to the quantum setting .
+1	Here tipping refers to the dramatic change in dynamical behavior characterized by a rapid transition away from a previously attracting state .	We consider the effect on tipping from an additive periodic forcing in a canonical model with a saddle node bifurcation and a slowly varying bifurcation parameter .	In the absence of the periodic forcing , it is well-known that a slowly varying bifurcation parameter produces a delay in this transition , beyond the bifurcation point for the static case .	Using a multiple scales analysis , we consider the effect of amplitude and frequency of the periodic forcing relative to the drifting rate of the slowly varying bifurcation parameter .	We show that a high frequency oscillation drives an earlier tipping when the bifurcation parameter varies more slowly , with the advance of the tipping point proportional to the square of the ratio of amplitude to frequency .
+1	The resulting matrix components are displayed as detailed functions of spin with factors such as the square root of ( 2A+1 ) .	Given standard angular momentum and boost matrices , the commutation rules for vector and momentum matrices are solved .	For comparison and as an alternative , Lyubarskii 's formulas in terms of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are recalled from the literature and displayed .	A set of these momentum matrices combined with the corresponding set of six angular momentum and boost matrices form the generators of a nonunitary finite dimensional representation of the Poincare group of translations , rotations and boosts .	A problem set is included .
+2	It is shown that the mentioned relation holds in a rather generic case in the linear response limit , or under certain condition out of equilibrium .	We study the partition functions of quantum impurity problems in the domain of complex applied bias for its relation to the non-equilibrium current suggested by Fendley , Lesage and Saleur ( cond-mat/9510055 ) .	The problem is reformulated as a certain generalization of the linear response theory that accomodates an additional complex variable .	This condition is trivially satisfied by the quadratic Hamiltonians and is rather restrictive for the interacting models .	An example is given when the condition is violated .
+2	The polarization dataset allows us to rule out the standard GRB jet , in which the energy and Lorentz factor have a well defined value inside the jet opening angle and the magnetic field is generated at the shock front .	The polarization curve of GRB 020813 is discussed and compared to different models for the structure , evolution and magnetisation properties of the jet and the interstellar medium onto which the fireball impacts .	GRB 020813 is best suited for this kind of analysis for the smoothness of its afterglow light curve , ensuring the applicability of current models .	We explore alternative models finding that a structured jet or a jet with a toroidal component of the magnetic field can fit equally well the polarization curve .	Stronger conclusions can not be drawn due to the incomplete sampling of the polarization curve .
+1	Our survey covers a wide area ( 350 deg & lt ; l & lt ; 25 deg , |b| & lt ; 3 deg ) with a spatial resolution of 15 ' .	We present results of our survey observations of the [ C II ] 158 micron line emission from the Galactic plane using the Balloon-borne Infrared Carbon Explorer ( BICE ) .	We employed a new observing method called the `` fast spectral scanning '' to make large-scale observations efficiently .	Strong [ C II ] line emission was detected from almost all areas we observed .	In the general Galactic plane , the spatial distribution of the [ C II ] line emission correlates very well with that of far-infrared continuum emission , but diffuse components are more prominent in the [ C II ] line emission ; the I_ [ CII ] /I_FIR ratio is ~0.6 % for diffuse components but is ~0.2 % for compact sources such as active star-forming regions .
+0	Similar evolutionary variational inequalities appear as convenient formulations for continuous models for sandpile growth , magnetization of type-II superconductors , and evolution of some other dissipative systems characterized by the multiplicity of metastable states , long-range interactions , avalanches , and hysteresis .	The origin of this similarity is that these are quasistationary models of equilibrium in which the multiplicity of metastable states is a consequence of a unilateral condition of equilibrium ( critical-state constraint ) .	Existing variational formulations for critical-state models of sandpiles and superconductors are convenient for modelling only the `` primary '' variables ( evolving pile shape and magnetic field , respectively ) .	The conjugate variables ( the surface sand flux and the electric field ) are also of interest in various applications .	Here we derive dual variational formulations , similar to mixed variational inequalities in plasticity , for the sandpile and superconductor models .
+2	Using the directly measured stellar velocity dispersion of 93 NLS1s at z & lt ; 0.1 , and black hole mass estimates based on the updated mass estimators , we investigate the M-sigma relation of NLS1s in comparison with broad-line AGNs .	Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies ( NLS1s ) are arguably one of the key AGN subclasses in investigating the origin of the black hole mass - stellar velocity dispersion ( M-sigma ) relation because of their high accretion rate and significantly low black hole mass .	Currently , it is under discussion whether present-day NLS1s offset from the M-sigma relation .	We find no strong evidence that the NLS1s deviates from the M-sigma relation , which is defined by reverberation-mapped type 1 AGNs and quiescent galaxies .	However , there is a clear trend of the offset with the host galaxy morphology , i.e. , more inclined galaxies toward the line-of-sight have higher stellar velocity dispersion , suggesting that the rotational broadening plays a role in measuring stellar velocity dispersion based on the single-aperture spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey .
+3	In addition , lifetimes for all 231 levels are listed .	We report calculations of energy levels , radiative rates , oscillator strengths and line strengths for transitions among the lowest 231 levels of Ti VII .	The general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package ( { \sc grasp } ) and flexible atomic code ( { \sc fac } ) are adopted for the calculations .	Radiative rates , oscillator strengths and line strengths are provided for all electric dipole ( E1 ) , magnetic dipole ( M1 ) , electric quadrupole ( E2 ) and magnetic quadrupole ( M2 ) transitions among the 231 levels , although calculations have been performed for a much larger number of levels ( 159,162 ) .	Comparisons are made with existing results and the accuracy of the data is assessed .
+3	The constraints can be provided by any kinds of symmetry present in the system .	We present a framework to elucidate the existence of accidental contacts of energy bands , particularly those called Dirac points which are the point contacts with linear energy dispersions in their vicinity .	A generalized von-Neumann-Wigner theorem we propose here gives the number of constraints on the lattice necessary to have contacts without fine tuning of lattice parameters .	By counting this number , one could quest for the candidate of Dirac systems without solving the secular equation .	The theory also enables the analytical determination of k-point having accidental contact by selectively picking up only the degenerate solution of the secular equation .
+1	The addition of W increases the density and overall strength of the sample .	Recent investigations of the dynamic compressive strength of cold isostatically pressed composites of polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE ) , tungsten ( W ) and aluminum ( Al ) powders show significant differences depending on the size of metallic particles .	To investigate relatively large deformations multi-material Eulerian and arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian methods , which have the ability to efficiently handle the formation of free surfaces , were used .	The calculations indicate that the increased strength of the sample with fine metallic particles is due to the formation of force chains under dynamic loading .	This phenomenon occurs even at larger porosity of the PTFE matrix in comparison with samples with larger particle size of W and higher density of the PTFE matrix .
+3	B 48 , 8376 ( 1993 ) ] .	Orbital-free ( OF ) methods promise significant speed-up of computations based on density functional theory ( DFT ) .	In this field , the development of accurate kinetic-energy density functionals remains an open question .	In this chapter we review the shell-correction method ( SCM , commonly known as Strutinsky 's averaging method ) applied originally in nuclear physics and its more recent formulation in the context of DFT [ Yannouleas and Landman , Phys.Rev .	We demonstrate the DFT-SCM method through its earlier applications to condensed-matter finite systems , including metal clusters , fullerenes , and metal nanowires .
+3	These models could lead to some major differences , as compared to the predictions of General Relativity or other modified theories of gravity , in several problems of current interest , such as cosmology , gravitational collapse or the generation of gravitational waves .	The late-time cosmic acceleration may be due to infra-red modifications of General Relativity .	In particular , we consider a maximal extension of the Hilbert-Einstein action and analyze several interesting features of the theory .	Generally , the motion is non-geodesic and takes place in the presence of an extra force , which is orthogonal to the four-velocity .	The study of these phenomena may also provide some specific signatures and effects , which could distinguish and discriminate between the various gravitational models .
+1	Their main results already have several applications .	Recently , Balogh -- Morris -- Samotij and Saxton -- Thomason proved that hypergraphs satisfying some natural conditions have only few independent sets .	However , the methods of proving these theorems are even more far reaching .	The general idea is to describe some family of events , whose cardinality a priori could be large , only with a few certificates .	Here , we show some applications of the methods , including counting $ C_4 $ -free graphs , considering the size of a maximum $ C_4 $ -free subgraph of a random graph and counting metric spaces with a given number of points .
+2	If the cooling rate is less than the modified dust-cyclotron frequency , then growth rate of the condensation modes does not modify due to the existence of the charged dust particles .	We study thermal instability in a magnetized and partially ionized plasma with charged dust particles .	Our linear analysis shows that the growth rate of the unstable modes in the presence of dust particles strongly depends on the ratio of the cooling rate and the modified dust-cyclotron frequency .	But when the cooling rate is greater than ( or comparable to ) the modified dust-cyclotron frequency , the growth rate of unstable modes increases because of the dust particles .	Also , wavenumber of the perturbations corresponding to the maximum growth rate shifts to the smaller values ( larger wavelengths ) as the cooling rate becomes larger than the modified dust-cyclotron frequency .
+1	This nearby ( ~31 pc ) , widely separated ( ~7700 AU ) quadruple system was identified through a cross-match of proper motion catalogs .	We report our discovery of NLTT 20346 as an M5+M6 companion system to the tight binary ( or triple ) L dwarf 2MASS J0850359+105716 .	Follow-up imaging and spectroscopy of NLTT 20346 revealed it to be a magnetically active M5+M6 binary with components separated by ~2 '' ( 50-80 AU ) .	Optical spectroscopy of the components show only moderate Halpha emission corresponding to a statistical age of ~5 - 7 Gyr for both M dwarfs .	However NLTT 20346 is associated with the XMM-Newton source J085018.9+105644 , and based on X-ray activity the age of NLTT 20346 is between 250-450 Myr .
+4	Further we show that almost all perfect graphs are $ 2 $ -clique-colourable , improving a result of Bacs\'o et al from 2004 ; they are almost all Hamiltonian ; they almost all have connectivity $ \kappa ( P_n ) $ equal to their minimum degree ; they are almost all in class one ( edge-colourable using $ \Delta $ colours , where $ \Delta $ is the maximum degree ) ; and a sequence of independently and uniformly sampled perfect graphs of increasing size converges almost surely to the graphon $ W_P ( x , y ) = \frac12 ( \mathbb { 1 } [ x \le 1/2 ] + \mathbb { 1 } [ y \le 1/2 ] ) $ .	We investigate the asymptotic structure of a random perfect graph $ P_n $ sampled uniformly from the perfect graphs on vertex set $ \ { 1 , \ldots , n\ } $ .	Our approach is based on the result of Pr\ '' omel and Steger that almost all perfect graphs are generalised split graphs , together with a method to generate such graphs almost uniformly .	We show that the distribution of the maximum of the stability number $ \alpha ( P_n ) $ and clique number $ \omega ( P_n ) $ is close to a concentrated distribution $ L ( n ) $ which plays an important role in our generation method .	We also prove that the probability that $ P_n $ contains any given graph $ H $ as an induced subgraph is asymptotically $ 0 $ or $ \frac12 $ or $ 1 $ .
+4	High-impedance cases , including Al alloys but with denser materials improving the launching efficiency , can be used if designed according to the physics of oblique shock reflection .	The hydrodynamic operation of the `Forest Flyer ' type of explosive launching system for shock physics projectiles was investigated in detail using one- and two-dimensional continuum dynamics simulations .	The simulations were insensitive to uncertainties in the material properties , and reproduced measurements of the projectile .	The most commonly-used variant , with an Al alloy case , was predicted to produce a slightly curved projectile , subjected to some shock heating , and likely exhibiting some porosity from tensile damage .	The flatness can be improved by using a case of lower shock impedance , such as polymethyl methacrylate .
+2	In addition , the inelastic scattering experiment detects a $ Q $ -independent quasielastic signal ascribed to single-site relaxational spin fluctuations .	Spin correlations and fluctuations in the 3d-transition-metal-based icosahedral quasicrystal Zn-Fe-Sc have been investigated by neutron scattering using polycrystalline samples .	Magnetic diffuse scattering has been observed in the elastic experiment at low temperatures , indicating development of static short-range-spin correlations .	Above the macroscopic freezing temperature $ T_ { \rm f } \simeq 7 $ K , the spin relaxation rate shows Arrhenius-type behavior , indicating thermally activated relaxation process .	In contrast , the relaxation rate remains finite even at the lowest temperature , suggesting a certain quantum origin for the spin fluctuations below $ T_ { \rm f } $ .
+3	For the inhomogeneous Bianchi I model with the conformal time gauge , an initially homogeneous scale factor can become inhomogeneous and undergo the nonlinear oscillations .	We address an issue : would the cosmological scale factor be a locally oscillating quantity ?	This problem is examined in the framework of two classical 1+1-dimensional models : the first one is a string against a curved background , and the second one is an inhomogeneous Bianchi I model .	For the string model , it is shown that there exist the gauge and the initial condition providing an oscillation of scale factor against a slowly evolving background , which is not affected by such an oscillation `` at the mean '' .	As is shown these nonlinear oscillations can be treated as a nonlinear gauge wave .
+0	Ecosystems can undergo sudden shifts to undesirable states , but recent studies with simple single species ecosystems have demonstrated that advance warning can be provided by the slowing down of population dynamics near a tipping point .	However , it is not clear how this effect of critical slowing down will manifest in ecosystems with strong interactions between their components .	Here we probe the dynamics of an experimental producer parasite ecosystem as it approaches a catastrophic collapse .	Surprisingly , the producer population grows in size as the environment deteriorates , highlighting that population size can be a misleading measure of ecosystem stability .	By analyzing the oscillatory producer parasite dynamics for over ~100 generations in multiple environmental conditions , we found that the collective ecosystem dynamics slows down as the tipping point is approached .
+3	The white light shape during the impulsive phase of the EQ Peg flares is consistent with the range of colors derived from the megaflare continuum , which is known to contain a Hydrogen recombination component and compact , blackbody-like components .	We present sub-second , continuous-coverage photometry of three flares on the dM3.5e star , EQ Peg A , using custom continuum filters with WHT/ULTRACAM .	These data provide a new view of flare continuum emission , with each flare exhibiting a very distinct light curve morphology .	The spectral shape of flare emission for the two large-amplitude flares is compared with synthetic ULTRACAM measurements taken from the spectra during the large 'megaflare ' event on a similar type flare star .	Tentative evidence in the ULTRACAM photometry is found for an anti-correlation between the emission of these components .
+2	The objects have been selected according to their high intrinsic luminosities and column densities in the X-rays .	We have performed a spectroscopic study of 7 Type 2 QSOs using the mid-infrared spectrometer IRS on board the Spitzer Space Telescope .	These are ( to our knowledge ) the first mid-IR spectra of X-ray selected QSO2s taken .	Their spectra strongly differ from template spectra of Type 2 AGN at lower luminosities .	They do not exhibit strong PAH dust emission features from circum-nuclear star forming regions , typical for lower luminosity Type 2 Seyfert galaxies or other previously used QSO2 templates , such as the ( Ultra ) luminous Infrared Galaxy ( ( U ) LIRG ) NGC 6240 .
+0	We analyze and simulate a two dimensional Brownian multi-type particle system with death and branching ( birth ) depending on the position of particles of different types .	The system is confined in the two dimensional box , whose boundaries act as the sink of Brownian particles .	The branching rate matches the death rate so that the total number of particles is kept constant .	In the case of m types of particles in the rectangular box of size a , b and elongated shape $ a\gg b $ we observe that the stationary distribution of particles corresponds to the m-th Laplacian eigenfunction .	For smaller elongations $ a & gt ; b $ we find a configurational transition to a new limiting distribution .
+3	The edges of $ E_P $ are the priceable edges and their price is not fixed a priori .	Let $ G ( V , E ) $ be a directed graph with $ n $ vertices and $ m $ edges .	The edges $ E $ of $ G $ are divided into two types : $ E_F $ and $ E_P $ .	Each edge of $ E_F $ has a fixed price .	Let $ r $ be a vertex of $ G $ .
+4	These two results imply the existence of many examples of derived moduli stacks equipped with $ n $ -shifted symplectic structures , such as the derived moduli of perfect complexes on Calabi-Yau varieties , or the derived moduli stack of perfect complexes of local systems on a compact and oriented topological manifold .	This is the first of a series of papers about \emph { quantization } in the context of \emph { derived algebraic geometry } .	In this first part , we introduce the notion of \emph { $ n $ -shifted symplectic structures } , a generalization of the notion of symplectic structures on smooth varieties and schemes , meaningful in the setting of derived Artin n-stacks .	We prove that classifying stacks of reductive groups , as well as the derived stack of perfect complexes , carry canonical 2-shifted symplectic structures .	Our main existence theorem states that for any derived Artin stack $ F $ equipped with an $ n $ -shifted symplectic structure , the derived mapping stack $ \textbf { Map } ( X , F ) $ is equipped with a canonical $ ( n-d ) $ -shifted symplectic structure as soon a $ X $ satisfies a Calabi-Yau condition in dimension $ d $ .
+3	By measuring the structure factor of the interface we show that both the thermally-rounded and the T=0 depinning , display the same large-scale geometry , described by an identical divergence of a characteristic length with the velocity $ \xi \propto v^ { -\nu/\beta } $ , where $ \nu $ and $ \beta $ are respectively the T=0 correlation and depinning exponents .	We study thermal effects at the depinning transition by numerical simulations of driven one-dimensional elastic interfaces in a disordered medium .	We find that the velocity of the interface , evaluated at the critical depinning force , can be correctly described with the power law $ v\sim T^\psi $ , where $ \psi $ is the thermal exponent .	Using the sample-dependent value of the critical force , we precisely evaluate the value of $ \psi $ directly from the temperature dependence of the velocity , obtaining the value $ \psi = 0.15 \pm 0.01 $ .	We discuss the comparison of our results with previous estimates of the thermal exponent and the direct consequences for recent experiments on magnetic domain wall motion in ferromagnetic thin films .
+1	A custom apparatus was designed for this experiment to meet the technical challenges presented by the smallest and most precise $ { \vec { e } } $ p asymmetry ever measured .	The Jefferson Lab Q_weak experiment determined the weak charge of the proton by measuring the parity-violating elastic scattering asymmetry of longitudinally polarized electrons from an unpolarized liquid hydrogen target at small momentum transfer .	Technical milestones were achieved at Jefferson Lab in target power , beam current , beam helicity reversal rate , polarimetry , detected rates , and control of helicity-correlated beam properties .	The experiment employed 180 microA of 89 % longitudinally polarized electrons whose helicity was reversed 960 times per second .	The electrons were accelerated to 1.16 GeV and directed to a beamline with extensive instrumentation to measure helicity-correlated beam properties that can induce false asymmetries .
+0	We study the instanton vacuum of the $ CP^ { N-1 } $ model with large values of $ N $ in 1+1 space-time dimensions .	Unlike the longstanding claims which state that the theory always has a mass gap , we for the first time establish a complete { \em critical } theory for the transition at $ \theta = \pi $ obtained from a mapping onto the low temperature phase of the 1D Ising model .	We derive a simple effective field theory in terms of 1D massless chiral fermions .	Our results include , besides a diverging correlation length with an exponent $ \nu=1/2 $ , exact expressions for the $ \beta $ functions .	These expressions unequivocally demonstrate that the large $ N $ expansion with varying $ \theta $ displays all the fundamental features of the quantum Hall effect .
+0	We introduce a class of finite dimensional nonlinear superalgebras $ L = L_ { \bar { 0 } } + L_ { \bar { 1 } } $ providing gradings of $ L_ { \bar { 0 } } = gl ( n ) \simeq sl ( n ) + gl ( 1 ) $ .	Odd generators close by anticommutation on polynomials ( of degree $ & gt ; 1 $ ) in the $ gl ( n ) $ generators .	Specifically , we investigate `type I ' super- $ gl ( n ) $ algebras , having odd generators transforming in a single irreducible representation of $ gl ( n ) $ together with its contragredient .	Admissible structure constants are discussed in terms of available $ gl ( n ) $ couplings , and various special cases and candidate superalgebras are identified and exemplified via concrete oscillator constructions .	For the case of the $ n $ -dimensional defining representation , with odd generators $ Q_ { a } , \bar { Q } { } ^ { b } $ , and even generators $ { E^ { a } } _ { b } $ , $ a , b = 1 , ... , n $ , a three parameter family of quadratic super- $ gl ( n ) $ algebras ( deformations of $ sl ( n/1 ) $ ) is defined .
+4	By a careful investigation of the geodesics and the equations of geodesic deviation , it is shown that specific families of observers escape from falling into the singularity and approach nonsingular asymptotic regions which are represented by special `` points '' in the complete conformal diagram .	The extreme Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time is a spherically symmetric solution of Einstein 's equations with a cosmological constant Lambda and mass parameter m & gt ; 0 which is characterized by the condition that 9 Lambda m^2=1 .	The global structure of this space-time is here analyzed in detail .	Conformal and embedding diagrams are constructed , and synchronous coordinates which are suitable for a discussion of the cosmic no-hair conjecture are presented .	The permitted geodesic motions are also analyzed .
+4	These functions are shown to obey an infinite set of dispersionless Hirota equations .	The integrable structure , recently revealed in some classical problems of the theory of functions in one complex variable , is discussed .	Given a simply connected domain in the complex plane , bounded by a simple analytic curve , we consider the conformal mapping problem , the Dirichlet boundary problem , and to the 2D inverse potential problem associated with the domain .	A remarkable family of real-valued functionals on the space of such domains is constructed .	Regarded as a function of infinitely many variables , which are properly defined moments of the domain , any functional from the family gives a formal solution to the problems listed above .
+2	Within presented model we reasonably reproduce all known radial excitations of the vector charmonia .	We solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation ( BSE ) for a system of a heavy quark-antiquark pair interacting with a Poincare invariant generalization of screened linear confining potential .	In order to get reliable description the Lorentz scalar confining interaction is complemented by the effective one gluon exchange .	We have found that $ J/\Psi $ is the only charmonium left bellow naive quark-antiquark threshold $ 2m_c $ , while the all excited states are situated above this threshold .	We develop a method which is enable to provide solution of full four dimensional BSE for the all excited states .
+3	HI is formed near the young massive stars as a result of photo-dissociation .	We study star formation processes in the disc of the weakly barred grand design spiral galaxy M100 ( NGC 4321 ) from a variety of images tracing recent massive star formation , old and young stars , dust , and neutral hydrogen .	Differences between arm and interarm regions are specifically studied by decomposing the images into arm and non-arm zones .	We find from a comparison of the morphology in H $ \alpha $ , HI and dust that while the first two are coincident over most of the disc , they are offset from the dust lanes especially along the inner parts of the spiral arms : a picture which is indicative of a density wave shock moving through the arms .	From radial profiles we find that in the region of the star-forming spiral arms the exponential scale lengths for H $ \alpha $ , blue and near-infrared light , and 21 cm radio continuum are equal within the fitting errors .
+2	These instabilities manifest themselves in the properties of the particle-particle vertex , which we calculate in a ladder approximation .	We investigate within a self-consistent theory the molecular instabilities arising in the normal state of a homogeneous degenerate Fermi gas , covering the whole BEC-BCS crossover .	These are the standard instability for molecular formation , the BCS instability which corresponds to the formation of Cooper pairs and the related Bose-Einstein instability .	To find the critical temperatures corresponding to these various instabilities , we handle the properties of the interacting Fermi gas on the same footing as the instabilities by making use of the same vertex .	This approximate treatment is shown to be quite satisfactory in a number of limiting situations where it agrees with known exact results .
+1	Distinct features are generated by two different effects : the mixing of the light and heavy modes during the turn , on the one hand , and the resonance between the oscillations along the heavy direction after the turn , on the other hand .	We investigate the features generated by a sharp turn along the inflationary trajectory in a two-field model of Dirac-Born-Infeld inflation , where one of the fields is heavy .	Contrary to models with standard kinetic terms , the resonance effect is not strongly suppressed because the action contains derivative interactions .	Working in the potential basis , we study the oscillations after the turn and compute the amplitude of the mixing and resonance features in the power spectrum , as well as in the bispectrum for the latter effect .	We find that the amplitudes and positions of these combined features obey specific consistency relations , which could be confronted with cosmological data .
+4	If the IGM metallicity is 0.1 solar , then the predicted number of systems strong enough for a ~5\sigma detection with Chandra or XMM-Newton is extremely low , though scatter in metallicity would increase the number of strong absorbers even if the mean metallicity remained the same .	Using a hydrodynamic simulation of a LCDM universe , we investigate the `` X-ray forest '' absorption imprinted on the spectra of background quasars by the intervening intergalactic medium ( IGM ) .	In agreement with previous studies , we find that OVII and OVIII produce the strongest absorption features .	The strong oxygen absorbers that might be detectable with Chandra or XMM-Newton arise in gas with T ~ 10^6 K and overdensities delta & gt ; ~ 100 that are characteristic of galaxy groups .	Future X-ray missions could detect weaker oxygen absorption produced by gas with a wider range of temperatures and the lower densities of unvirialized structures ; they could also detect X-ray forest absorption by C , N , Ne , Fe , and possibly Si .