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Listed buildings in Finghall

Finghall is a civil parish in the former Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It contains eleven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Finghall and the surrounding area. Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures in the village, and the others consist of a public house, and a church with items in the churchyard. __NOTOC__ Key Grade CriteriaII* Particularly important buildings of more than special interestII Buildings of national importance and special interest Buildings Name and locationPhotographDateNotesGradeSt Andrew's Church100px|centreThe church, which has been altered through the centuries, is in sandstone with a stone slate roof. It consists of a west porch, a nave, a north aisle, and a chancel with a north vestry and heating chamber. On the east gable of the nave is a double bellcote. Inside the porch is a stone bench, and steps leading up to the former gallery doorway.Medieval grave coverThe grave cover in the churchyard of St Andrew's Church is in sandstone. On it is a foliate cross with branches, and a small book and small shears.Manor HouseA rectory, later a private house, it is roughcast, and has an artificial stone slate roof with stone coping. There are two storeys and a front of five bays. In the centre is a two-storey porch and a doorway with a divided fanlight, and the windows are sashes. At the rear are seven bays, canted bay windows, and an attic window with Gothic glazing.Queen's Head100px|centreThe public house is in stone with a stone slate roof. There are two storeys, three bays, the right bay lower, and a rear outshut. On the front is a gabled porch, a canted bay window in the right bay, and the other windows are sashes.Chest tomb of Matthew EdwardsThe chest tomb in the churchyard of St Andrew's Church is in sandstone. On the lid is an inscription, and on the ends and sides are sunflowers flanked by console pilasters.The FirkersA house, with an attached byre later incorporated, in stone with two storeys. The house has a pantile roof, two bays, a gabled porch with a round-arched entrance, and horizontally-sliding sash windows. The former byre to the right is lower, and has a Welsh slate roof with stone coping on the right, quoins, one bay, and a casement window.Newton CottageA stone house with quoins, and a stone slate roof with shaped kneelers and stone coping. There are two storeys and two bays. The doorway is in the centre, the windows are sashes, and all the openings have deep lintels.Naitby MemorialThe memorial in the churchyard of St Andrew's Church is in sandstone. It consists of an upright slab with an inscription and a carving of crossed palm fronds in the tympanum.Cricket CottageThe house is in sandstone, with quoins, and a stone slate roof with shaped kneelers and stone coping. There are two storeys and two bays. In the centre is a doorway, the windows are sashes, and all the openings have deep lintels with herringbone tooling.Park CottageA house and workshop in sandstone, with a stone slate roof, shaped kneelers and stone coping. There are two storeys, two bays, a single-storey workshop on the left, and a rear outshut. The central doorway and the windows on the house, which are sashes, all have deep lintels, and in the workshop are fixed-light windows.Gate piers, Manor HouseThe gate piers flanking the entrance to the grounds are in sandstone. They are rusticated, and have a square plan, and simple bases and caps. References Citations Sources Category:Lists of listed buildings in North Yorkshire

Marco da Saliceto

Marco da Saliceto ( 1245 – after 1297) was an Italian notary and administrator from Bologna, who served as a tutor of the future monarch Andrew III of Hungary. Some scholars identified him with Marco Lombardo, a character in Dante's Purgatorio. Early life Marco da Saliceto was born around 1245 in Bologna, as the son of Simone di Taccone da Saliceto. Italian historian Francesco Filippini considered that Simone is identical to that Simone di Domenico di Taccone, who was registered among the notaries public of Bologna in 1259. It is uncertain whether Marco originated from the same Saliceto family, members of the local ancient Guelph nobility, which produced famous legal experts, for instance, Bartolomeo da Saliceto. It is plausible that Marco came from a lower social status and his family moved to Bologna from Saliceto only in the 13th century. Marco had two sons from his unidentified wife, Mattiolo and Giovanni. Marco had a brother Matteo, father of two sons, Cristoforo and Alle. The family lived in the street Borgo della Paglia (present-day via delle Belle Arti), which then belonged to the jurisdiction of the San Martino dell'Aposa parish church. Marco first appears in contemporary records in December 1265, when, after passing the notary exam, he was ceremonially installed among the notaries public of Bologna in the presence of podestà Guido da Montecchio. Several members of the family became notaires, six of Marco's relatives functioned in this position by 1294 too. Marco was drafted in the municipal army and registered in the "venticinquina" of San Martino dell'Aposa in 1273. Similarly to all the men of his family and like the inhabitants of his district in general, he was registered in the Società dei Vai in 1274. Exile The Salicetos were considered Ghibellines which caused them to flee Bologna when the Guelphs took control of the city in 1274. The city magistrate marked Padua as the place of exile for the Saliceto family – brothers Marco and Matteo, together with each of their minor sons. According to the verdict, they could not leave the walls of the city, their presence was constantly checked by the local authorities. In Padua, Marco also worked as a notary since 1275, while Matteo joined the order of Humiliati. By 1281, the political orientation of the brothers diverged: while Matteo returned to Bologna and swore loyalty to the Guelphs, which resulted in the restoration of his citizenship, Marco remained in exile and moved to Venice with the permission of the authorities. There, he entered the service of Albertino Morosini, then podestà of Chioggia, who employed him as a notary from 1283 at the latest. It is possible that Baldo da Passignano arrived at the household of Morosini in the same period. Morosini entrusted Marco to educate his nephew, the young Andrew, son of the late Stephen the Posthumous, an alleged member of the Árpád dynasty and former claimant to the Hungarian throne. Zsuza Kovács argued that Marco's title of magister was a mere honorific denomination, which reflects only his illustrious status in the Morosini household. Marco stayed in Venice in the upcoming years. In November 1289, he returned to Bologna for a brief time and was involved in a lawsuit over a clash in Saliceto alongside Matteo before the court of podestà Giacone Giaconi. Andrew traveled to Hungary in early 1290, where he ascended the throne and was crowned king in July 1290, after the local lords recognized him as a legitimate offspring of the Árpád dynasty. In July 1291, Marco submitted a request to the People's Council of Bologna, in which he requested permission to leave Venice and follow his former disciple to Hungary, which permission was granted to him. It is possible that Marco started his journey in the accompaniment of Queen Tomasina Morosini, the mother of Andrew III, also involving a Venetian official state delegation in September 1291. The ships of the delegation spent a long time wandering off the coast of Dalmatia in the following months, because of the piracy activity of the Šubići, partisans of Andrew's rival, the Capetian House of Anjou. The queen and her entourage successfully landed in Hungary and met Andrew III in July 1292. Nothing is known about Marco's activity in Hungary. Emilio Orioli considered that he became a councilor in the royal court, without a specific position. He definitely stayed in Hungary in September 1294, according to a letter written by Corso Donati, the podestà of Bologna. Later life Marco da Saliceto left Hungary by May 1296, when he resided in Mantua, together with his son Mattiolo. It is possible that Marco decided to leave the kingdom just after the death of Queen Tomasina. At that time, Mantua was a stronghold of the Ghibelline faction, where Marco and his family lived in the house of Bonaventura dei Gonzaga. Marco commissioned his cousin Simone di Bonacosa to represent him in a submission appraising his remaining possessions and wealth in Bologna. His complaint describes capital worth a total of 1,300 Bolognese lire, which allows to conclude that his service in Venice and Hungary resulted in serious financial gain for Marco. In October 1296, Marco and his family were allowed to return to Bologna and their citizenship was restored after more than twenty years. In January 1297, Marco swore loyalty to the Guelph administration. This is the last information about him. Both Marco and Mattiolo died by 1304, when his other son Giovanni ordered an appraisal of his inherited fortune of possessions worth 1,000 Bolognese lire. Francesco Filippini claimed that Marco and Mattiolo were killed in the 1298–1299 war against Azzo VIII d'Este, but this is mere speculation and there is no source for that. Legacy Emilio Orioli identified his person with Marco Lombardo, a character in Dante's Purgatorio, where he appears to discuss morality and corruption. Marco asks Dante the pilgrim to pray for his soul. He was commonly regarded as a very courteous and well-learned man, but disdainful and choleric. Orioli claimed there are many similarities between Saliceto's biography and what has been said about the character (Ghibelline courtier and a well-educated man). Francesco Filippini accepted his identification. Modern scholars – e.g. Guido Zaccagnini, Gina Fasoli and Massimo Giansante – rejected the identification of Marco da Saliceto with Dante's character, based on chronological and geographical reasons. Accordingly, there is an impossibility of accepting the hypothesis that Dante defined as "Lombard" a character of whom, due to the direct and personal knowledge manifested in the poem, he could not have ignored the Bolognese origin and the bond constantly kept alive, even during the years of exile, with a city that in Dante's geography certainly belonged to Romagna and not to Lombardy. In addition, the character Marco Lombardo appeared as a subject of anecdotes and short stories even before Dante's creation of the Divine Comedy, which suggests, that he is a non-existent figure typifying the learned Italian man. References Sources Category:1240s births Category:13th-century Italian people Category:People from Bologna Category:Royal tutors Category:Italian expatriates in Hungary Category:Notaries

Bernard Hopkins vs. Karo Murat

Bernard Hopkins vs. Karo Murat was a professional boxing match contested on October 26, 2013, for the IBF light heavyweight title. Background Earlier in 2013, Bernard Hopkins had defeated reigning IBF light heavyweight Tavoris Cloud to become the oldest world champion in boxing history.Bernard Hopkins, 48, wins IBF belt, ESPN article, 2013-03-10 Retrieved on 2024-08-27 Before facing Cloud, Hopkins had agreed to the IBF's prerequisite that he would face their top contender, the largely unknown German fighter Karo Murat should he win.Bernard Hopkins vs Tavoris Cloud set for March 9 at Barclays, pending IBF approval, Bad Left Hook article 2012-12-16 Retrieved on 2024-08-27 True to his word, Hopkins quickly came to terms to face Murat just a month after his victory over Cloud admitting that facing the obscure Murat was an "obligation" that he wanted to get out of the way in lieu of a "better option."Hopkins to defend title against Murat, ESPN article 2013-04-10 Retrieved on 2024-08-29 Originally set for July 13, 2013, that date was cancelled in June after Murat failed to be granted a visa from the United States Department of State.Bernard Hopkins July Bout With Murat Called Off, ESPN article 2013-06-14 Retrieved on 2024-08-29 Murat eventually settled his visa issue and the fight was rescheduled for October 19, though Showtime pushed the fight back one week to October 26 to avoid competition with rival network HBO, who were broadcasting a Mike Alvarado–Ruslan Provodnikov fight on HBO World Championship Boxing on that night.Hopkins fight set for Showtime, ESPN article 2014-11-10 Retrieved on 2024-08-29 For this fight, Hopkins would discard his previous nickname of "The Executioner" and rechristen himself as "The Alien", in reference to his "supernatural" ability to continue winning fights despite his advanced age.Bernard Hopkins, the Not-So-Ageless Alien, The New Yorker article 2013-08-13 Retrieved on 2024-08-29 Hopkins complemented his newfound nickname by wearing green accented ring gear as well as an alien mask in place of his customary executioner hood during his pre-fight walk to the ring. The fight Hopkins put forth a dominating effort, winning by a very lopsided unanimous decision. Two judges had Hopkins winning all but one round with each scoring the fight 119–108 while the third scored the fight 117–110 (9 rounds to 3). Through the first half of the fight, Hopkins implemented his usual defensive-minded approach, but he abandoned this approach midway through the fight, aggressively attacking Murat and landing a high amount of punches during the later rounds, eventually opening a cut above Murat's left eye. Aftermath Hopkins admitted after the fight that he was in fact trying to gain a knockout victory after having not obtained one in almost a decade since his 2004 fight with Oscar De La Hoya.Hopkins otherworldly in decision win, ESPN article, 2013-10-26 Retrieved on 2024-08-29 Fight card Confirmed bouts: Weight Class Weight vs. Method Round NotesLight Heavyweight175 lbs.Bernard Hopkins (c)defKaro MuratUD12/12Middleweight160 lbs.Peter Quillin (c)def.Gabriel Rosado TKO10/12Heavyweight200+ lbs.Deontay Wilder def.Nicolai FirthaKO4/10Featherweight126 lbs.Braulio Santosdef.Dave ClarkTKO1/8Super Middleweight168 lbs.Dominic Wade def.Roberto VenturaTKO1/8 Broadcasting Country Broadcaster Main Event ARD BoxNation Showtime References Category:2013 in boxing Category:2013 in sports in New Jersey Category:October 2013 sports events in the United States Category:Boxing matches at Boardwalk Hall Murat Category:Boxing on Showtime Category:Light heavyweight championship matches Category:Golden Boy Promotions

László Dienes

László Dienes (27 March 1889 – 5 April 1953) was a Hungarian sociologist, essayist, librarian and university professor. Biography He was born in Tokaj in a Reformed noble family. He completed his secondary school studies at the reformed college in Debrecen and enrolled at the Faculty of Law at the University of Budapest, and studied in Paris for two years. At a young age, he joined the socialist left-wing organization of the Galileo Circle and was a student of Ervin Szabó the head of the Capital Library in Budapest. His works on library science and literary criticism were published from 1914, his anti-war articles were published in Huszadik Század. In the fall of 1918 he became a founding member of the Hungarian Communist Party and became a city people's commissar of Budapest during the Hungarian Soviet Republic. In the fall of 1919, together with his friend György Bölöni, he settled in Romania as a political emigrant, and together they started the Bucharest Newspaper. He also worked for magazines such as Napkelet and Nyugati szemle where he regularly reported on Western avant-garde currents in his column, and he himself appeared in the columns of the paper with surrealist short stories. He settled in Cluj-Napoca in 1922 and was an editorial member of Keleti Újság until 1925. In 1926 Dienes founded the Korunk magazine. After Iron Guard students almost beat him to death because of his radical works he sought refuge in Berlin with his wife, university professor of chemistry Júlia Götz, and their children in 1928. It was then that he handed over the editorship of Korunk to Gábor Gaál. As a co-editor, his name appeared at the head of Korunk until August 1931, when he moved to Moscow where he worked as a language teacher and bibliographer until 1945. Dienes returned to Hungary in late 1945, where until his death he was the director of the Ervin Szabó Library in Fővárosi and the head teacher of the economics department at the law faculty of the university. References Category:1889 births Category:1953 deaths Category:Hungarian sociologists Category:Hungarian literary critics Category:Hungarian art critics Category:20th-century Hungarian journalists Category:Hungarian editors Category:Hungarian essayists Category:Hungarian librarians Category:Hungarian bibliographers Category:Hungarian Communist Party politicians Category:Members of the Hungarian Working People's Party Category:Hungarian Marxist writers Category:Hungarian expatriates in the Soviet Union Category:Hungarian emigrants to Romania Category:Burials at Farkasréti Cemetery

Siege of Ypres (1744)

The Siege of Ypres took place between 15 and 24 June 1744 during the War of the Austrian Succession. A French army under the nominal command of King Louis XV of France and operational command of the Duke of Noailles, took the city from its Dutch garrison after a short siege.Browning 1994, p. 173. Prelude Before 1744, the Austrian Netherlands had been kept out of the War of the Austrian Succession, which had been fought since 1740 in Eastern Europe and Italy. In 1744, Louis XV decided to attack the Netherlands and left Versailles to lead his army in person. The first Barrier fortress they attacked was Menin, which surrendered after a siege of only one week. The surrender of Menin had been hastened by the passive stance of the main Allied armies, which remained east of the Scheldt river. The next target of the French was Ypres. The Siege Because Ypres was defended by a larger garrison than Menen, and its fortresses, built by Vauban, were in a better condition, the army of Maurice de Saxe was also called in, to help take the fortress. Before the end of the Siege of Menin, troops under command of Count of Clermont and Maurice de Saxe were already sent to Ypres, to prepare the siege and to take some advanced redoubts. Between 9 and 14 June, the bulk of the army arrived, and the headquarters were established at nearby Vlamertinge. On 15 June, the digging of the trenches began. In the night of 19 to 20 June, two further redoubts were conquered. Despite the efforts of the defenders, the digging of the trenches progressed quickly. After conquering a third redoubt, in the night of 23-24 June, an important attack was launched against the lower city, which was taken in the morning of the 24th after heavy fighting. Knowing that no help was on the way, and responding to the urgent demand of the population, William of Hesse-Philippsthal had the white flag hoisted on 25 June. The next day the surrender was signed and the Dutch were allowed to leave the city with their baggage, 6 cannons and 4 mortars on 29 June.Gallica, La guerre de la succession d'Autriche (1740-1748) ; Campagne de 1744 dans les Pays-Bas, page 60-60 Aftermath The French army advanced further towards the North Sea and also captured the other Barrier cities Fort Knokke on 28 June, and Furnes (Veurne) on 11 July.Eene bijdrage tot Neerlands Krijgsgeschiedenis, p.37 Further actions in Flanders were then halted, as the main army was sent to the Alsace to repel an Austrian incursion there.Browning 1994, p. 174. The next major action in the Austrian Netherlands would be the Siege of Tournai in late April 1745. The French evacuated Ypres after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748). References Sources Browning, Reed. The War of the Austrian Succession. Alan Sutton Publishing, 1994. Painting by Louis Nicolas Van Blarenberghe originally in the Chateau de Versailles, now in the Louvre. Gallica, Victoire remportée sur la ville d'Ypres par notre auguste monarque le Roy Louis XV qui commandoit le siège en personne Category:Sieges involving France Category:Sieges of the War of the Austrian Succession Category:Conflicts in 1744 Category:1744 in France Category:1744 in the Habsburg monarchy Category:1744 in the Dutch Republic Category:Military history of the Austrian Netherlands Category:Sieges involving the Dutch Republic

Mike Moon (animator)

Mike Moon is an American animator and producer known for his work on Timon & Pumbaa, Mickey Mouse Works, Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, and Entergalactic. Moon has won one Annie Award, one Daytime Emmy Award, and one Primetime Emmy Award and has been nominated for one other Annie Award and one Black Reel TV Award. Filmography Film Year Title Role 1999 The Iron Giant Background designer (uncredited) 2001 Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse Art director 2002 The Powerpuff Girls Movie Art director 2003 Stitch! The Movie Art director 2018 Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse Studio executive 2021 The Mitchells vs. the Machines Special thanks Television Year Title Role 1990–1991 The Simpsons Background cleanup artist 1991–1994 Taz-Mania Background layout artist 1993 Batman: The Animated Series Background designer Animaniacs Model designer 1993–1995 2 Stupid Dogs Production designer, key layout designer 1994 Scooby-Doo! in Arabian Nights Layout designer A Flintstones Christmas Carol Layout designer 1995–1996 Freakazoid! Prop design The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries Prop design What a Cartoon! Background designer, background layout artist, layout designer 1996 Dexter's Laboratory Background design ("The Big Sister") Timon & Pumbaa Key layout designer 1997 Loose Tooth Animation story developer 101 Dalmatians: The Series Key layout designer 1999 Mickey Mouse Works Art director 2001 The Powerpuff Girls Layout keys 2001–2003 House of Mouse Key layout designer 2002 Mickey's House of Villains Key layout designer 2002–2003 Clone High Creative consultant 2003 The Powerpuff Girls: 'Twas the Fight Before Christmas Background designer 2004–2007 Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends Art director, background painter, property designer, color styling 2009 Team Smithereen Thanks 2011 A Chair Is a Chair Digital effects 2024 Good Times: Black Again Head of adult animation: Netflix Video games Year Title Role 2002 Disney's Stitch: Experiment 626 Art director 2008 LittleBigPlanetBackground designer 2009 LittleBigPlanet PSP 2010 Sackboy's Prehistoric Moves 2011 LittleBigPlanet 2 2012 LittleBigPlanet PS Vita LittleBigPlanet Karting 2014 Run Sackboy! Run! LittleBigPlanet 3 Awards and nominations Year Award Category Work Shared with Result Ref 1997 Annie Awards Best Individual Achievement: Production Design in a TV Production Timon & Pumbaa (for "Bumble in the Jungle") 2000 Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Individual in Animation Mickey Mouse Works (for "Hansel and Gretel") 2005 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for "House of Bloos") 2006 Annie Awards Best Production Design in an Animated Television Production Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for "A Lost Claus") Craig McCracken, Dave Dunnet, Martin Ansolabehere 2024 Black Reel Awards for Television Outstanding TV Movie or Limited Series Entergalactic Michael Penketh References External links Category:American television producers Category:Annie Award winners Category:Cartoon Network people Category:Cartoon Network Studios people Category:Living people Category:Primetime Emmy Award winners

Love Mouli

Love Mouli is a 2024 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by Avaneendra and produced by Cspace, Nyra Creations, and Srikara Studios. The film stars Navdeep and Pankhuri Gidwani. Apart from directing the film, Avaneendra also serves as the cinematographer and editor. Love Mouli was released theatrically on 7 June 2024. The film underperformed at the box office, ultimately becoming a commercial failure. Cast Navdeep as Mouli Pankhuri Gidwani as Chitra Charvi Dutta Production Love Mouli was conceived by director Avaneendra during his tenure as an associate writer on RRR. He developed the story in a novel-like format due to initial uncertainty regarding lead actors. He later considered several young Telugu actors before casting Navdeep in the lead role, notwithstanding his limited recent film activity as a lead actor. The film was subsequently promoted as Navdeep's comeback as a lead actor, with the term "Navdeep 2.0" being widely used. The film received an A certificate from the Central Board of Film Certification. Soundtrack The soundtrack was composed by Govind Vasantha. The first single, "The Anthem of Love Mouli" was released on 15 September 2023. Release Theatrical release The film was initially slated for release on 19 April 2024. However, the release date was subsequently changed, and it was released on 7 June 2024. Home media The film's digital rights were acquired by Aha, and it premiered on the platform on 27 June 2024. Reception Love Mouli received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its moments of romance but criticism for its slow pace. Avad Mohammad of OTTplay rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "On the whole, Love Mouli is a brave attempt in today's time. The romantic drama has a purpose but is narrated in a very dull manner that might go well with many. Things start working only in the second half and end the film on a high." Paul Nicodemus of The Times of India rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "Love Mouli is more than just a romantic drama; it is an evocative and visual journey that leaves an impression. While the film's bold narrative and unorthodox treatment may not appeal to everyone, those who appreciate the blend of romance with deeper existential themes will find this film rewarding." A critic from 123telugu rated the film two and one-fourth out of five stars and wrote that "On the whole, Love Mouli disappoints due to its excessive adult content, sluggish pacing in the first half, and narrative inconsistencies. While Navdeep and Pankhuri Gidwani deliver performances that are passable, the visually attractive locations offer some respite." References External links Category:2020s Telugu-language films Category:Indian romantic drama films Category:2020s Indian films

Miklós Bendzsel

Miklós Bendzsel (born June 23, 1953, in Budapest) is a mechanical engineer, engineer-economist and former president of the Hungarian Intellectual Property Office (HIPO). Career Bendzsel graduated as a mechanical engineer from Budapest University of Technology and Economics in 1976 and as an engineer-economist from Corvinus University of Budapest in 1983. Between 1976 and 1980 he was a research engineer at Gépipari Tudományos Intézet. From 1980 he worked at Szellemi Tulajdon Nemzeti Hivatal. Bendzsel was president of the Office Hungarian Intellectual Property Office (HIPO). He is a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Academic career Bendzsel is professor emeritus at the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design in Budapest. Social engagement Bendzsel holds leading positions in several NGOs, such as the Hungarian Industrial Property and Copyright Association and the Hungarian Academy of Engineering. He has been the co-chairman of the Association of Hungarian Database Distributors since 1997. At the 113th meeting of the Administrative Council of the European Patent Organization, held in Munich on March 4–6, 2008, he was elected as a member of the Administrative Council together with Mihály Ficsor. At the 126th meeting of the Administrative Council, held in The Hague on December 15, 2010, he was unanimously elected as vice-chairman of the Administrative Council. His term of office was for three years. At its meeting on October 16, 2013, the Administrative Council of the European Patent Organization re-elected Miklós Bendzsel as vice-chairman for a further three-year term. He is a member of several governmental and inter-ministerial committees. Bendzsel is vice-chairman of the National Anti-Counterfeiting Board and vice-president of the Assembly of the Berne Union of the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization. He is also a member of the European Design Leadership Board. Personal life Bendzsel's grandfather, László Kazinczy, was a mechanical engineer at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics and former chief designer of Gamma Optikail Művek, a Hungarian camera maker. Awards Bendzsel was awarded the Hungarian Order of Merit in 2003 and the Dr. István Orbán Memorial Medal in 2016. References Category:Living people Category:1953 births Category:Engineers from Budapest

Eastington Manor Tower

The Tower at Eastington Manor is a historic site south of the village of Rhoscrowther, in the community of Angle, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The tower is to a tower house plan and dates from the 14th or 15th centuries. A range of later buildings is attached. The tower is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled monument. The range is listed at Grade II. History and description In their Pembrokeshire volume in the Buildings of Wales series, Thomas Lloyd, Julian Orbach and Robert Scourfield describe Rhoscrowther as a "strange and unhappy village". Almost the whole village was acquired by Pembroke Refinery after an explosion and fire in the 1990s, and was largely evacuated. Eastington Tower stands next to the refinery. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales describes it as of the pele tower type, dating either from the 14th or 15th centuries. Cadw suggests the 14th or early 15th centuries. The tower clearly had a defensive purpose. In a paper for the Pembrokeshire Historical Society Gerralt Nash considered another such medieval house identified in Haverfordwest and, noting similar types of near-coastal fortified dwellings in the vicinity such as Carswell Medieval House, West Tarr Mediaeval House and Whitewell Ruins, suggests that the defensive nature of such structures was a response to piracy. Lloyd, Orbach and Scourfield suggest that the greater prevalence of such structures in the richer south of the county, particularly in locations proximate to the coast, indicated a need for the inhabitants to protect themselves from pirates making excursions along the navigable rivers. The medieval house was owned by a branch of the Perrot family of Haverfordwest and later by the Meares and the Leaches. In the 18th century the Meares built a large mansion adjacent to the tower, but this was demolished in 1868. Cadw suggests that the farm range which remains may have been the service wing to this larger house. The layout of the mansion's gardens can still be seen, including a ha ha. The tower consists of a vaulted undercroft with a chamber above. The rooms were connected with an external stair. The roof is castellated. The construction material is mainly rubble stone. The west wall of the tower has marks indicating the presence of an additional gabled structure which is now gone. Lloyd, Orbach and Scourfield posit two alternatives; either the gabled block was subsequently added to the tower, or that the tower itself was the cross-wing to a larger medieval hall. Eastington Manor Tower is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled monument. The ancillary building is listed at Grade II. See also Carswell Medieval House West Tarr Mediaeval House Whitewell Ruins Notes References Sources Category:Grade I listed buildings in Pembrokeshire Category:Scheduled monuments in Pembrokeshire

Salvador Calderón y Arana

Salvador Calderón y Arana (Madrid, 22 August 1851 – 3 July 1911) was a Spanish naturalist, geologist, and mineralogist. He is mainly known for his work in topographical mineralogy, Los minerales de España (The Minerals of Spain), published in 1910. Biography Salvador Calderón y Arana was born in Madrid. After studying some courses in medicine, he switched to studying Natural Sciences at the Central University of Madrid, completing his degree in 1871. In 1872, he presented his doctoral thesis titled ¿Es o no el hombre animal? (Is Man an Animal or Not?). A sector of the more conservative Spanish naturalists in political and religious aspects proposed a taxonomy that established a different kingdom for humans, the hominal kingdom, independent of the animal kingdom. Calderón argued that humans are just another animal, based mainly on comparative anatomy, supporting Darwin's concepts of evolution and natural selection. In 1874, he obtained the chair of Natural History at the secondary education institute on the island of Las Palmas, in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. During his stay on this island, he carried out a study of the island's rocks, which led to one of his first publications, Reseña de las rocas de la isla volcánica Gran Canaria (Review of the Rocks of the Volcanic Island Gran Canaria). In this work, reviewed in the English scientific journal Nature,  he noted that he had not found rocks of the "sanidine-trachyte" type but that the predominant felspathic constituent of the most acidic rocks was always plagioclase. In 1875, at the beginning of the monarchic restoration in Spain, the Minister Manuel Orovio Echagüe, responsible for education, promulgated a Royal Decree that eliminated the freedom of teaching and required that education conform to Catholic orthodoxy and the monarchical regime. Many professors protested against this order, refusing to comply, resulting in their expulsion from their chairs. The first two, at the University of Santiago de Compostela, were Augusto González de Linares, professor of Natural History, and Laureano Calderón y Arana, professor of Organic Chemistry Pharmacy, and brother of Salvador Calderón y Arana. Salvador Calderón stood in solidarity with his brother and the other professors and was also expelled along with many others. After losing their jobs, several of these professors (including Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Gumersindo de Azcárate, Teodoro Sainz Rueda, and Nicolás Salmerón) founded the Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Free Institution of Education) in 1876, which also had the support of Joaquín Costa, José Ortega y Gasset, Gregorio Marañón, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, and Santiago Ramón y Cajal, among others. From 1877, Calderón traveled to various locations in Germany, Vienna (Austria), where he studied with Gustav Tschermak, and Paris (France), working as a Spanish teacher. In 1880, he was hired by the Government of Nicaragua, along with Joseph Józéf (José) Leonard, who had collaborated with the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, to establish a higher education center, the Instituto de Occidente, in the city of León (Nicaragua). Leonard and Calderón arrived in Nicaragua from Spain on November 14, 1880. The freethinking character of both sparked protests from the most reactionary sectors of Nicaraguan society, leading to disturbances and even an attempted assassination. On August 16, 1881, Calderón resigned from the Instituto de Occidente and returned to Spain. His stay in Nicaragua allowed him to conduct some research, publishing the first scientific study on the geology of Nicaragua. In 1881, a new liberal government in Spain reinstated the repressed professors to their positions. Calderón regained his post as a secondary education Natural History professor, and as compensation for his expulsion, he was granted a commission to visit the main Natural History museums in Europe. In November 1884, he obtained the position of Natural History professor at the University of Seville. In 1895, he obtained the chair of Mineralogy and Botany at the Central University of Madrid, and later the chair of Descriptive Mineralogy and the position of head of the Mineralogy Section of the Natural Sciences Museum. Salvador Calderón had already been working on a topographical mineralogy of Spain long before obtaining the chair at the University of Madrid in 1895. From 1896, he published a series of articles in different journals reviewing Spanish deposits of various minerals such as plagioclase, cassiterite, chalcocite, and others. In 1902, he published in Germany, along with Conrad Friedrich August Tenne, the book Die Mineralfundstätten der Iberischen Halbinsel, the first comprehensive work published on the minerals of the Iberian Peninsula. thumb|Cover of the Book Los Minerales de España In 1907, the Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas (Board for Advanced Studies and Scientific Research) granted Salvador Calderón a pension so that he could continue his study on Spanish topographical mineralogy. Between 1907 and 1909, Calderón was able to complete his work. The Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas also took care of the publication of the book Los Minerales de España. This work uses the classification system of Paul Heinrich von Groth, common at that time, and describes the Spanish localities of nearly 300 mineral species. Among them is the description of a new mineral species, named almeriite, discovered in Adra (Almería). Unfortunately, a printing error in the representation of the chemical composition of almeriite (which repeated that of the previous species) made it appear as another already known mineral. The following year, this mineral was named natroalunite, which is the name currently used. It has been considered the reference book of topographic mineralogy in Spain throughout the 20th century. The Spanish Society of Mineralogy reissued this book in the year 2000. Calderón was also the author, along with Ignacio Bolívar and Francisco Quiroga, of a textbook titled Elementos de Historia Natural (Elements of Natural History), intended for secondary and university education, originally published in 1890, which underwent several subsequent editions. He also wrote a small popular science book titled Mineralogy, which was initially published in 1900 in the Soler manual collection, and subsequently reprinted several times until 1929. It was the first book in Spain to bring the fundamentals of mineralogy to a broad audience. References Category:Spanish scientists Category:Spanish geologists Category:Mineralogists

Hollardiinae

Hollardiinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This small subfamily comprises two genera and a total of five species and all, except one species, are found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean. The exception is found in the western and central Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy Hollardiinae was first proposed as a subfamily of the family Triacanthodidae in 1968 by the American ichthyologist James C. Tyler. It is none of two subfmilies withion the family, the other being the nominate, Triacanthodinae. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Triacanthodidae in the suborder Triacanthoidei along with the family Triacanthidae, the triplefins. Etymology Hollardiinae takes its name from its type genus, Hollardia, which was named in honour of the French physician and naturalist Henri Hollard, a pioneering worker in the study of the Plectognathi. Genera and species Hollardiinae contains the following genera and species: Hollardia Poey, 1861 Hollardia goslinei Tyler, 1968 (Hawaiian spikefish) Hollardia hollardi Poey, 1861 (Reticulate spikefish) Hollardia meadi Tyler, 1966 (Spotted spikefish) Parahollardia Fraser-Brunner, 1941 Parahollardia lineata (Longley, 1935) (Jambeau) Parahollardia schmidti Woods, 1959 (Threeline spikefish) Characteristics Hollardiinae spikefishes are distinguished from theose in the nominate subfamily by the possession of a dome like supraoccipital and by the first branchiostegal ray being slightly enlarged at its tip but the tip not being turned inwards. The dome like supraocciptal stops the epiotic bones from meeting on the upper surface of the skull, they also have a pelvis which resemvles a shaft and sits behind the spines of the pelvic fins. These are small fishes with maximum published total length of for P. lineata. Distribution and habitat Hollardiinae spikefishes appear to have their origins in the prehistoric Tethys Sea at some time between the Palaeocene and the Oligocene, and from there they migrated west across the Atlantic Ocean. The majority of species are found in the tropical and temperate waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean, with one species, the Hawaiian spikefish in the central and western Pacific Oceans. These are benthic fishes found at depths between . References Category:Triacanthodidae Category:Fish subfamilies Category:Taxa named by James C. Tyler

Mean radius (astronomy)

thumb|right|300px|A sphere (top), rotational ellipsoid (left) and tri-axial ellipsoid (right) The mean radius in astronomy is a measure for the size of planets and small Solar System bodies. Alternatively, the closely related mean diameter (), which is twice the mean radius, is also used. For a non-spherical object, the mean radius (denoted or ) is defined as the radius of the sphere that would enclose the same volume as the object. In the case of a sphere, the mean radius is equal to the radius. For any irregularly shaped rigid body, there is a unique ellipsoid with the same volume and moments of inertia. In astronomy, the dimensions of an object are defined as the principal axes of that special ellipsoid. Calculation The dimensions of a minor planet can be uni-, bi- or tri-axial, depending on what kind of ellipsoid is used to model it. Given the dimensions of an irregularly shaped object, one can calculate its mean radius: An oblate spheroid, bi-axial, or rotational ellipsoid with axes and has a mean radius of . A tri-axial ellipsoid with axes , and has mean radius . The formula for a rotational ellipsoid is the special case where . For a sphere, which is uni-axial (), this simplifies to . Planets and dwarf planets are nearly spherical if they are not rotating. A rotating object that is massive enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium will be close in shape to an ellipsoid, with the details depending on the rate of the rotation. At moderate rates, it will assume the form of either a bi-axial (Maclaurin) or tri-axial (Jacobi) ellipsoid. At faster rotations, non-ellipsoidal shapes can be expected, but these are not stable. Examples For planet Earth, which can be approximated as an oblate spheroid with radii and , the mean radius is . The equatorial and polar radii of a planet are often denoted and , respectively. The asteroid 511 Davida, which is close in shape to a tri-axial ellipsoid with dimensions , has a mean diameter of . Assuming it is in hydrostatic equilibrium, the dwarf planet Haumea has dimensions 2,100 × 1,680 × 1,074 km, resulting in a mean diameter of . The rotational physics of deformable bodies predicts that over as little as a hundred days, a body rotating as rapidly as Haumea will have been distorted into the equilibrium form of a tri-axial ellipsoid. See also Earth ellipsoid Geoid Geometric mean Planetary radius References Category:Radii Category:Units of measurement in astronomy

Syifa Hadju

Syifa Savira Nuraisyah (born 13 July 2000), also known as Syifa Hadju, is an Indonesian actress and singer. She gained widespread recognition for her role in the series Mermaid in Love. Early life Syifa Savira Nuraisyah was born on 13 July 2000 in Jakarta, Indonesia. She is the first of three children of Andre Ariyantho and Shendy Hadju. Syifa Hadju has two younger sisters, Sherina and Manda. Career Nuraisyah started using Syifa Hadju as a stage name, adopting her mother's clan name from Gorontalo as her surname. She began her career as an actress in 2014. She appeared in the soap opera . In the same year, she also played roles in the soap operas and Aisyah Putri the Series: Jilbab in Love. In addition to soap operas, she also played a role in several television films. Syifa Hadju made her big-screen debut in 2016. She had the opportunity to act in the film , produced by MD Pictures. Her career soared even further when she starred in the soap opera Mermaid in Love, which continued into its second season, . In 2019, Syifa Hadju had the opportunity to play the lead role in , directed by . She also took part in the film titled Glorious Days, directed by Riri Riza as Mia after undergoing the casting process four times. Later, Syifa Hadju was involved in one of the film series, , where she played the character of Raina. This film marked her debut in the horror genre. In addition to her acting career, Syifa Hadju also ventured into singing. She first sang in 2016 for a song titled "Aladin & Putri Yasmin," which was part of the soundtrack for the soap opera . Her first single, "Jangan Pernah Berubah," was released in 2018. The song was written by Melly Goeslaw, who was the first person to encourage Syifa Hadju to try singing. In 2020, Syifa Hadju starred in the SCTV mini-series , which continued for three seasons. In the same year, she acted alongside senior actor Deddy Mizwar in the Disney+ Hotstar film . She also appeared in several web series produced by MD Entertainment. One of the popular web series is , which was adapted from the novel, Kisah untuk Geri, authored by . In that series, Syifa Hadju also lent her voice together with Angga Yunanda for the song "Cinta Hebat." At the same year, Syifa Hadju released a single titled "Setia atau Bodoh" in 2020, which was also released by MD Music. Filmography Film +Acting roleYearTitleRoleNotes2016Upi2017CelloTaraAyat-Ayat Cinta 2Fatimah2019SenjaBebasMiaRaina2020SayangGina Putri Sagala2021Till Death Do Us PartVanesha Humaira2022NickyAlma Amriliazzia2023dr. Cathelyn GiliaJuwita Lestari/AngelicaNukeMel2024Alma AmriliazziaDinda Kamalia Putri Television +Acting roleYearTitleRoleNotes2014ZethaDebut workTV MovieYasmineEpisode: "Tentang Anak Kita"Nina Bramantyo2014 - 2015Aisyah Putri the Series: Jilbab in LoveAna2016Putri YasminUlfaMermaid in LoveMaya2016 - 2017Mytha2017Salma Alvira2018Medina2019StellaRaraMiniseries2020Olive2020The Friend BookSeylaSisi LensaAlunaTaraMiniseries; Episode: "Mirror Mirror on The Wall"DaraMiniseries; Episode: "Invitation"2021Dinda Kamalia PutriMiniseriesAnastasya Mysha2022Anjani/Dawai Kirana2023Bidadari SurgamuAngelKeira WijayaMiniseries2024 - nowSalehaArini Sastrohadi Television film Tomato Couple (2014) Lope Mermaid in Love (2016) Bubarnya Geng Jomblo (2017) Pacar 30 Hari (2017) Cinta Stuck di Food Truck (2017) Ramadhan I Miss You (2017) Crazy Angel is My Idol (2017) Makhluk Manis di Kostan Depan (2017) Cinta Turun dari Gigi ke Hati (2017) Cinta Olshoper Gak Ketuker (2017) Buka Taplak Dot Kom (2018) When Ustadz Pulang Kampung (2018) Sebakul Cinta Gadis Bekatul (2018) Asisten Cantik Naik Pangkat (2018) Sule Pulang Haji Dapet Jodoh (2018) Rebutan Hati Miss Cupu (2019) Milyader Kece dengan Kearifan Lokal (2019) Aku Mohabbatein Sama Kamu (2019) Masih Sayang tapi Bimbang (2019) Rayuan Gombal Kumbang Metropolitan (2020) Music video YearTitleSingerNotes2021"Bagaimana Kalau Aku Tidak Baik-Baik Saja"Judika"Mencinta Hati yang Tak Cinta"2023"Di Depan Mata"Mikha Tambayong Discography Single +As the lead singerYearTitleAlbumNotes2016"Aladin dan Putri Yasmin"rowspan="6" 2018"Jangan Pernah Berubah"2019"Rindu yang Meradang""Jangan Kau Henti"With Lingua2020"Untitled""Setia atau Bodoh"2021"Cinta Hebat"Featuring Angga Yunanda2022"Cinta Terakhirku"With 2023"Berat Kupendam"200 Pounds Beauty (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)"Duniaku""Born to Be a Star" Extended play (EP) / Mini album +Compilation EPYearTitleEP Detail2021Kisah untuk Geri Awards and Nominations YearAwardCategoryWorkResult2016Most Popular NewcomerMermaid in Loverowspan="3" 2017Most Captivating Newcomer Celebrity2020Commendable Lead Actress in a Web SeriesMagic TumblerTempo's Choice for Lead ActressSejuta Sayang Untuknya2021Best Couple -rowspan="3" 2022Commendable Lead Actress in a Web Series17 SelamanyaBest Supporting Actress in a Horror GenreJailangkung: Sandekala20232023 Telkomsel AwardsFavorite Streaming Female TalentPrincess & the BossMost Popular Soap Opera ActressBidadari Surgamurowspan="3" Most Charming Famale Celebrity -Commendable Lead Actress in a Feature Film200 Pounds BeautyMost Popular Supporting ActressBidadari Surgamu References External links Category:Indonesian people of Malay descent Category:Indonesian models Category:Indonesian film actresses Category:Indonesian television actresses Category:21st-century Indonesian actresses Category:Living people Category:2000 births Category:Actresses from Jakarta

String Quartet No. 16 (Shostakovich)

The String Quartet No. 16 in B major is an unrealized musical composition by Dmitri Shostakovich. On April 11, 1974, the Polish composer Krzysztof Meyer visited Shostakovich at his home in Moscow. In the course of their conversation, Shostakovich played a tape recording of his String Quartet No. 14 for Meyer, who then asked whether any work had been made on the quartet's successor. Shostakovich replied that illness had prevented him from working on the score, but that he envisioned the work as a large, single-movement "Adagio". He then related to Meyer that he had also conceived what would have been the String Quartet No. 16: And the Sixteenth will be in three movements, with a fugue in the finale, you understand, with a double fugue in the finale. And the second movement will be lyrical, very lyrical... Shostakovich followed this remark by playing the double fugue's theme for Meyer, who said it "ran through [his] head for a long time". In response to a query from Meyer, Shostakovich confirmed that the quartet would be composed in the key of B major. He made no further comment. On another occasion, Shostakovich told the violinist that the String Quartet No. 16 would be dedicated to the new line-up of the Beethoven Quartet. The composer never completed this work. According to an article by Iain Strachan, had Shostakovich composed his String Quartet No. 16, it would have completed a "mathematical version" of his musical monogram "DSCH". All quartets in major keys based on one of the notes in the monogram would have been square numbers. This theory of Shostakovich's intent is believed to be probable by the British musicologist, David Fanning. Meyer later adapted Shostakovich's outline for his own quartet, Au-delà d'une absence. "Here I thought, 'How would it be if Shostakovich had composed a Sixteenth String Quartet?'", the composer said of the work. Although it is in Shostakovich's style and adheres to his general plans, the work's musical material is entirely by Meyer. References Citations Sources #16 Category:Compositions in B major

List of golf courses in South Africa

This is a list of notable golf courses in South Africa by province. Eastern Cape Golf course LocationAlexander Golf ClubEast LondonEast London Golf ClubEast LondonGonubie Golf Club GonubieHumewood Golf ClubGqeberhaKirkwood Golf ClubKirkwoodMthatha Country ClubMthathaPort Elizabeth Golf Clubhttps://pegc.co.za/GqeberhaUitenhage Golf ClubUitenhageWalmer Golf Club (Little Walmer)GqeberhaWedgewood Golf ClubGqeberhaWest Bank Golf ClubEast LondonWild Coast Sun Country ClubNear Port Edward Gauteng Golf course LocationAkasia Golf ClubAkasiaBenoni Country ClubBenoniBronkhorstspruit Golf ClubBronkhorstspruitBryanston Country Club SandtonCenturion Country Club CenturionCMR Golf ClubRoodepoortCullinan Golf ClubCullinanDainfern Golf CourseSandtonEagle Canyon Country Club RoodepoortEbotse Links Golf Course BenoniERPM Golf ClubBoksburgGermiston Golf ClubGermistonGlendower Golf ClubEdenvaleGlenvista Country ClubJohannesburgIrene Country ClubCenturionJackal Creek Golf ClubRoodepoortKempton Park Golf ClubKempton ParkKillarney Country Club Johannesburg Kimiad Golf CoursePretoriaKrugersdorp Golf ClubKrugersdorpKyalami Country ClubMidrandModderfontein Golf ClubModderfonteinPretoria Country ClubPretoriaPretoria Golf ClubPretoriaRandpark Golf Club RandburgReading Country ClubAlbertonRoyal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club Johannesburg Royal Oak Country Club BrakpanRuimsig Country ClubRoodepoortSerengeti Jack Nicklaus Signature Golf CourseKempton ParkServices Golf ClubPretoriaSilver Lakes Golf ClubPretoriaState Mines Country ClubBrakpanThe Club at Steyn CityMidrandThe Country Club JohannesburgSandtonThe Els ClubCenturionThe Lake Club BenoniBenoniThe Presidential Golf Course PretoriaThe River Club Golf CourseSandtonWaterkloof Golf ClubPretoriaWingate Park Country ClubPretoriaWoodhill Country ClubPretoriaZwartkop Country ClubCenturion KwaZulu-Natal Golf course LocationAmanzimtoti Country ClubeManzimtotiBeachwood Country ClubDurbanBluff National Park Golf Club DurbanBosch Hoek Golf CourseBalgowanCamelot Golf ClubHillcrestCato Ridge Country ClubCato RidgeCotswold Downs Country ClubHillcrestDarnall Country ClubDarnallDurban Country ClubDurbanEmpangeni Country ClubEmpangeniEstcourt Golf ClubEstcourtGowries Farm Golf CourseNottingham RoadGreytown Country ClubGreytownHarding Country ClubHardingHowick Golf ClubHowickKloof Country ClubKloofKokstad Golf ClubKokstadLadysmith Country ClubLadysmithMaidstone Golf CluboThongathiMargate Country ClubMargateMaritzburg Golf ClubPietermaritzburgMooi River Country ClubMooi RiverMtunzini Country ClubMtunziniMount Edgecombe Country ClubMount EdgecombeNewcastle Golf ClubNewcastlePapwa Sewgolum Golf Course DurbanPongola Golf CluboPhongoloPort Edward Country ClubPort EdwardPort Shepstone Country ClubPort ShepstonePrince's Grant Golf Estate KwaDukuzaRichards Bay Country ClubRichards BayRichmond Country ClubRichmondRoyal Durban Golf ClubDurban Sakabula Golf CourseHowickSan Lameer Country ClubSouthbroomScottburgh Golf ClubScottburghSelborne Golf ClubPenningtonSimbithi Country ClubBallitoSouthbroom Golf ClubSouthbroomUmdoni Park Golf ClubPenningtonUmhlali Country Club UmhlaliUmkomaas Golf ClubeMkhomaziUnderberg Country ClubUnderbergVictoria Country ClubPietermaritzburgVryheid Golf ClubVryheidWindsor Park Golf CourseDurbanZimbali Country ClubBallito Limpopo Golf course LocationDrakensig Golf ClubHoedspruitEuphoria Golf CourseMookgophongFairview Golf CourseTzaneenHans Merensky Golf ClubPhalaborwaKameeldoring Golf ClubMokopaneKoro Creek Bushveld Golf EstateModimolleMogol Golf ClubLephalaleNaboomspruit Golf ClubMookgophongPolokwane Golf ClubPolokwaneSoutpansberg Golf ClubLouis TrichardtThe Ranch Golf Course PolokwaneTzaneen Country ClubTzaneenZebula Golf CourseBela-Bela Mpumalanga Golf course LocationBankenveld Golf ClubeMalahleniBarberton Golf ClubBarbertonKambaku Golf ClubKomatipoortLeopard Creek Country Club MalalaneMalelane Golf Club MalalaneMbombela Golf ClubMbombelaSabi River Sun Golf ClubHazyviewSabie Country ClubSabieWhite River Country ClubWhite RiverWitbank Golf ClubeMalahleni North-West Golf course LocationGary Player Country ClubSun City Western Cape Golf course LocationArabella Golf Course KleinmondAtlantic Beach LinksMelkbosstrandBellville Golf ClubBellvilleClovelly Golf ClubFish HoekDevonvale Golf & Wine EstateStellenboschDe Zalze Golf ClubStellenboschDurbanville Golf ClubDurbanvilleErinvale Golf ClubSomerset WestFairview Golf EstateGordon's BayGeorge Golf ClubGeorge Greenways Golf EstateStrandGoose Valley Golf ClubPlettenberg BayHermanus Golf ClubHermanusKing David Mowbray Golf ClubCape TownKingswood Golf CourseGeorgeKnysna Golf ClubKnysnaKuilsrivier Golf ClubKuilsrivierMalmesbury Golf ClubMalmesburyMetropolitan Golf ClubCape Town Milnerton Golf ClubMilnertonMontagu (Fancourt)George Mossel Bay Golf ClubMossel BayOubaai Golf ClubHerolds BayOuteniqua (Fancourt)George Paarl Golf ClubPaarlParow Golf ClubParowPearl Valley Jack Nicklaus Signature Golf CoursePaarlPezula Championship Golf CourseKnysnaPinnacle Point Golf ClubMossel BayPlettenberg Bay Country ClubPlettenberg BayRondebosch Golf ClubCape TownRoyal Cape Golf Club Cape TownSimola Jack Nicklaus Signature Golf CourseKnysnaSomerset West Golf ClubSomerset WestSteenberg Golf Club Cape TownStellenbosch Golf ClubStellenbosch Strand Golf ClubStrandThe Links (Fancourt) GeorgeWellington Golf ClubWellingtonWestlake Golf ClubCape Town References Category:Lists of golf clubs and courses

Lake Erie Walleye Trail fishing tournament cheating scandal

On September 30, 2022, at Gordon Park in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, Chase Cominsky and Jake Runyan, the two winning anglers in the final event of that season's Lake Erie Walleye Trail series of fishing tournaments, were found to have hidden weights in some of the fish they caught and immediately disqualified. Video of the revelation, showing the pair being confronted by angry fellow anglers, went viral online. The two were charged with several felonies. They later pleaded guilty and received short jail sentences, a fine, a three-year ban from receiving another fishing license, and had to forfeit their boat to the state for later auction. Both men have also faced other criminal charges in their communities. Other fishermen involved in the tournament had suspected Cominsky and Runyan of cheating since they had won the previous year, even though a failed polygraph test cost them some of their winnings. Before teaming up, neither had finished in the top ten. During the 2022 season, suspicion deepened as they won every tournament they entered with unusually high weights of caught fish. The tournament director, who had initially defended them as particularly skilled anglers, eventually decided to check the fish and put the assertions to rest. Background right|thumb|A freshly caught walleye The Lake Erie Walleye Trail (LEWT) is a series of fishing tournaments over the summer and autumn months run out of different cities on Ohio's Lake Erie shoreline since 2004. Since 2015 it has been open to 60 teams of two anglers each, fishing for walleye on the lake and in the rivers that feed it; winners are judged by the total weight of their catch of five walleyes. Competitors can win either cash or goods donated by sponsors; both at the individual tournament level and the series. With improvements in technology, and an increase in money from both participants and sponsors in the early 21st century, the stakes in competitive fishing have increased. Those who succeed in the sport can eventually reach a level such as Major League Fishing where they can fish tournaments full-time. Sponsors such as Cabela's and Bass Pro Shops often give even lower-level competitors discounts on equipment and a cash stipend. Those who prosper and rise in the sport's ranks can expect salaries and discounts on boats from companies like Ranger. These benefits have created a strong incentive for some participating anglers to cheat. Methods include having others catch fish on the cheaters' behalf, fishing in areas off-limits to the tournament, and sometimes stuffing fish with ice, which increases their weight before it melts, leaving no evidence. In 2012 a British angler stole a bass from an aquarium where he had previously worked; that same year several national teams were accused of using a secret bait supplied by the host Romanians to win an international carp fishing tournament. A Texas man attempted to win a 2020 tournament where the prize was awarded for the longest fish by attaching another fish's tail to a bass in his photograph of the fish. "You have to consider that in some of these tournaments, ounces can mean tens, or hundreds, of thousands of dollars," Ross Robertson, a professional angler, told The New York Times. He said cheating is more common than most people realize. 2021 series In 2021 one new team, consisting of Cleveland resident Jake Runyan, relatively new to competitive fishing, and Chase Cominsky of Hermitage, Pennsylvania, who had been fishing in tournaments on the lake for some time, vaulted from finishing no higher than 13th to winning the season's last three tournaments and with it, that year's LEWT. In the final tournament, their five largest fish weighed in at , eight pounds more than the second-place team and averaging per fish, a figure The Plain Dealer called "impressive". They attributed their victory to fishing closer to the shore than other contestants. The $306,000 in prize money they stood to win was, however, reduced by $120,000 after one of them failed a lie detector test related to the Toledo-based Fall Brawl, one of the final tournaments. A Ranger boat went instead to the second-prize winner. At the time, the duo announced they would take legal action. "Our reputation means the world to us and we would never cheat", Runyan said, calling that injury worse than losing the boat they asserted they had fairly won. In a February 2022 interview with Cleveland Scene, he indicated they were still planning to sue, although he and Cominsky appear never to have done so. In that interview, unpublished at that time, he explained that he was studying for a license to captain ore and tugboats. The cheating allegations and fallout from the failed lie-detector test hurt their relationships with sponsors. Runyan's response to cheating allegations Established competitors in the LEWT circuit, Runyan alleged, resented the newcomers' success. The cheating allegations were "political", intended to discredit them. After their first win, in spring 2022, Runyan recalled the lie-detector test lasting three hours. The one following the Fall Brawl was even more unusual to him, in that Cominsky was questioned even though he had not been the one to catch the fish. Both times, he said, the questions had gone beyond the tournament to include queries about zoophilia and adultery. "I had nothing to hide", Runyan maintained. "In the Fall Brawl, I had awoken to how much bullshit was going on. We knew we were screwed." Runyan criticized many aspects of LEWT's enforcement system. Procedural changes implemented by tournament director Jason Fischer for the upcoming season made him "judge, jury and executioner" in cases of alleged cheating. Runyan also called for an end to the use of lie detectors and voice stress analysis (VSA) to catch suspected cheaters, since those results are inadmissible as evidence in court. Post-tournament inspections of the fish caught, he argued, were more reliable. "If you cut a fish open and there's lead weights in the stomach, well, there you go." 2022 series Cominsky and Runyan continued their success in the 2022 LEWT, at one point winning three straight tournaments of the seven in that year's series. That heightened suspicion from other anglers. "I've fished tournaments my whole life", said one later. "No matter how good you are or what you know, nobody wins 'em all." Nicholas Zart, who captains charter boats on the lake and knows it well, recalled that "[i]t didn't matter if you fished for a week and knew every single school of fish out there, they would always beat you by five to eight pounds. And you'd just question it like, 'What the hell is going on?'" He decided not to participate in further tournaments as long as Cominksy and Runyan were allowed to. Other anglers noted that they never saw the two out on the lake, either during tournaments or at other times, and heard that they never donated their catch to food banks as most other competitors did. When this was reported to have happened after the Rossford Walleye Roundup, it strengthened the belief that Cominsky and Runyan had something to hide. Some of the anglers who saw the pair's winning fish said they "looked old", speculating they had been caught previously and stored in a well. Complaints and concerns about Cominsky and Runyan eventually reached Fischer. He defended them even when challenged by close friends, reminding them that the two had, that season, regularly passed polygraph and VSA tests and no one had found any other evidence of rule violations, even when at one point an observer had ridden their boat. "They're doing what we ask of them as a tournament series. And they're doing it all. So I can't say they're doing anything wrong", he told them. "I don't want to sound arrogant or cocky", Runyan said on an online fishing show as the end of the season neared. "[B]ut I am confident that we should do well in this championship also because that's just what we do. Winners win." On September 30, at the LEWT championship and final event of the year, as anglers brought their fish back to the East 72nd Street boat ramps in Cleveland's Gordon Park, Cominsky and Runyan again appeared to have won handily. Their heaviest fish weighed in at , well above the three-pound average and the heaviest fish caught by any competing team. Their total catch also easily clinched them their fourth straight tournament, a second straight LEWT championship and another $30,000. Exposure of cheating Onlookers noted that the pair did not seem terribly excited about the wins, posing for a few pictures with the fish, then bagging them and preparing to leave. At that point other anglers, many of whom suspected Cominsky and Runyan, started talking, and asked Fischer to inspect their fish more closely. He was immediately struck by the walleyes looking like average Lake Erie specimens, which weigh around 4–5 pounds, rather than the size their weight would have suggested. Fischer told Runyan that he wanted to take another look. "[H]e's like, you know what, this has got to stop. You know, I'm, I'm tired of this. And I said, me too, which is why I'm checking the fish", Fischer recalled, as Cominksy continued leaving. With Runyan stepping back to the weigh station, Fischer put the fish on the ground, looked at them and then touched them. He felt an unusually hard bulge in one and asked his weighman for a knife. "I knew that there was something in there", said Fischer. "And I mean, it's just like I cut the fish and the weight immediately falls into my hand." "We got weights in FISH!" he yelled, attracting the attention of the other anglers. Fischer angrily told Runyan to leave and gestured for him to do so, in a manner media reports likened to a baseball umpire ejecting a player or manager from a game. He cut open other fish and found both more weights (10 lead sinkers in all) and sections of other fish, perhaps added to pad the weights and prevent their discovery. Ultimately they had increased the weight of Cominsky and Runyan's catch by seven pounds. The other anglers gathered around, voicing their anger at Runyan as he looked at his shoes. Fischer, a police sergeant in a suburb of Cleveland, called on the crowd to let Runyan leave and not assault him. He felt personally let down by Runyan after having defended him so much. Police were called to ensure that Cominsky and Runyan could safely leave the scene. Many of the other anglers called for them to be arrested on the spot; police merely took their names. The two shouted at the angry competitors and gave them the finger as they drove off. Steve Hendricks, one of the team who won the tournament after Cominsky and Runyan were disqualified, said he was more satisfied with that than winning. "It's awesome that we won, but it's better knowing that we don't ever have to deal with that bullshit ever again." The conclusion of the tournament had been livestreamed on Facebook; video of Fischer's discovery of the weights went viral on YouTube and other social media and the incident became national news. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) took the fish and weights as evidence, along with Cominsky and Runyan's boat, to investigate and prepare a report to the Cuyahoga County prosecutor's office. On the boat ODNR found a hidden compartment below the steering wheel that smelled like rotten fish, suggesting the possibility the pair may have stashed fish caught previously for the tournaments. Criminal cases Within a month of their exposure as cheaters, Cominsky and Runyan had been indicted by a grand jury on fifth-degree felony charges of cheating, attempted grand theft, and possessing criminal tools, along with a fourth-degree misdemeanor charge of unlawful possession of wild animals. All the charges arose from the discoveries of a month before; no evidence was found to support the suspicions of cheating in earlier tournaments. The two pleaded not guilty at their arraignment and were released on $2,500 bond. If convicted on all charges, they faced up to three years in prison. Trial was scheduled for March 2023; prosecutors had 30 witnesses prepared to testify. Immediately beforehand Cominsky and Runyan reached an agreement with prosecutors to plead guilty to cheating and the misdemeanor charge. In return they agreed to a three-year suspension of their fishing licenses, forfeiture of Cominsky's Ranger boat worth $100,000, and up to a year's probation. At their sentencing in May the two expressed remorse. "It's something I wish I could say didn't happen, but I can't", Cominsky told Court of Common Pleas Judge Steven Gall. He apologized to Fischer, who had stood behind them until he found the weights. Runyan said the cheating was "the most ignorant decision I've ever made in my life." Fischer testified that Cominsky and Runyan had won nine of the 19 tournaments he had overseen as LEWT director, compared to just two for the next most successful competitors. "There was always some sort of smoke behind these two." County prosecutor Michael O'Malley agreed that despite the charges applying only to the last tournament of 2022, their other victories "were probably fraudulent as well." Their fish were heavy enough that they might have been able to win the tournament without the added weights, although it was unclear whether they had caught those fish that day, prosecutors noted. In addition to the terms they had already agreed to with prosecutors, Gall sentenced Cominsky and Runyan to 10 days in jail`with an additional 30 days if they violated probation, and fined them $2,500, an amount that would be halved if they donated the other half to a nonprofit organization that promotes fishing for children. Their lawyers said that no punishment they could receive would be as severe as the lifelong stigma that would attach to them. "When they get Googled, this case is gonna show up forever," said Gregory Gentile. Other criminal charges At the time they were sentenced, it was reported that both men were facing unrelated criminal charges in their hometowns. Runyan, who by then had moved to Ashtabula, further east of Cleveland on the lakeshore, was charged with domestic violence and unlawful restraint there over an incident where he had allegedly grabbed his girlfriend's hair to keep her from leaving their car during an argument. Cominsky was accused in two separate incidents in Pennsylvania: one where a woman said he had stalked her and hacked her social media and email accounts, and another in which he had given his son two $100 bills marked for use in film production only to spend at a bowling alley, the latter leading to a charge of conspiracy to commit forgery and theft by deception. In April 2023 agents of the Pennsylvania Game Commission searched Cominsky's home in response to a tip that he had some illegally taken deer. They found and seized three mounted trophy deer heads with tags indicating they had been taken by his wife. She told the investigators that her husband had taken them with firearms or crossbows, during a period between 2008 and 2021 when his hunting license had been suspended for previous violations. Cominsky was charged with violations of state hunting regulations, including taking deer out of season and without a license, failure to attach a tag, and lending a tag. In December Cominsky pleaded no contest to the theft charge in the bowling alley case and was sentenced to 6-12 months in jail and four months probation. The following month he received a more favorable disposition in the other case when all the charges related to the alleged deer poaching were dropped. The state did not give a reason why. Aftermath In August 2024 ODNR announced it had sold the pair's boat, registered to Cominsky, through an online auction. Seized along with its trailer and two outboard motors, it was valued at the time at $100,000. The winning bid was $82,000, after taxes and fees. ODNR's Division of Wildlife said it would use the proceeds to buy another boat to use for fishing enforcement on Lake Erie. Fischer said at Cominsky and Runyan's sentencing that the negative publicity from the incident had prompted Cleveland Metroparks to revoke the LEWT's permission to host a tournament at its facilities, or at least steeply increase the fee for the permit. A June 2023 event was relocated to Lorain and the season's final event to Fairport Harbor Harbor. A spokeswoman for Metroparks denied that any such decision had been made and implied that LEWT would be welcome to hold another tournament in its parks. For the 2023 series, LEWT instituted some measures to prevent further cheating like what Cominsky and Runyan had done. All the top five finishing teams in each tournament will have their fish physically inspected, including possibly being cut open, and a metal detector will be available. Lie detectors will remain in use. See also Crime in Ohio References Category:Cheating in sports Category:Sports scandals in the United States Category:Scandals in Ohio Category:Crimes in Cleveland Category:Fishing tournaments Category:2022 in Cleveland Category:September 2022 crimes in the United States Category:Lake Erie

MBDA Enforcer

The Enforcer from the European manufacturer MBDA Deutschland  is a modern infantry weapon for use against lightly armoured and unarmoured vehicles and stationary targets at a distance over . It is a fire-and-forget weapon with a lock on before launch function and the possibility of night battle. New variants of the missile are being developed as of 2024. Origins In 2010, MBDA launched a new serie of programmes named Concept Visions intending to develop a wide range of future missiles. The first programme of the Concept Visions was named Infantry Weapon System Concept (IWSC), or CVS101, which became later on the Enforcer missile. This programme was first presented by MBDA in 2010 at the Farnborough International Airshow. The intention with the IWSC was to develop the next-generation support weapons for dismounted soldiers. The main goal was to develop a light weapon able to precisely treat targets in complex and urban environments, with a high range while limiting the collateral damages. MBDA considered that the existing weapons were whether too heavy, had too much power (NLAW, Spike, MILAN, Javelin), or lacked precision and range (M72 LAW, RGW 90). Two missiles were planned at that time, the Sniper and the Enforcer. Infantry Weapon System Concept missiles The specifications planned for with the Combat Vision programme are the following (with the expected specifications back then): ParametersSniper Missiles for soft targetsEnforcer Missile for anti-armoured vehicles, bunkers and buildingsMissile characteristicsMassLengthDiameterWarhead(multi-effect warhead)PerformancesMinimum firing range–Direct-attack rangeBallistic range–Expected launchersShoulder launcherOther launchersattached to an assault riflemilitary base protection modulesmounted on a vehicleExpected technologiesTargeting–Geo-located targets without GPSNLOS target engagement (none line of sight)Re-targeting capabilityTrajectories–steep ballistic (optimised for urban or woodland operations) Developed missile Only the Enforcer missile ended up being developed by MBDA Deutschland, and its specifications were adapted. From the Enforcer missile, other variants are being developed as of 2024. Programme history The development of the missile and the launcher was launched in July 2011, and was fully self-financed by the MBDA group. MBDA Deutschland was designated as the leader for the programme, and the MBDA France, MBDA UK and MBDA Italy participated in the development with their respective competences.https://www.mbda-systems.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/1412_WehrtechnischerReport_Neuer-Kleinflugk%C3%B6rper-Enforcer.pdf At the beginning of its development, the goals set for the missile were the following: Precise, cost-effective and lightweight with a range of around Usable, transportable and quick to deploy by a single dismounted soldier (infantry and special forces) Programmable warhead, making it effective against moving targets (lightly armoured vehicles), static targets (snipers, infantry) and targets behind cover Capable to be fired from enclosed spaces, to fire-and-forget, and to be effective day and night in all weather conditions Fire-control system compatible with the one of the RGW 90 already used by the KSK (FCS Hensoldt Dynahawk) In order to reduce the risk and to provide a cost-effective solutions, known technologies and components were planned to be reused for the Enforcer missiles. Technology demonstration phase In 2012 and 2013, demonstrators were tested in cooperation with the in Meppen. MBDA took a cautious approach with a de-risking strategy by testing the parts at each step of their development to ensure that they were effective, and then combined those. In 2012 and 2013, the first prototypes of the missile body were produced and six successful flight tests took place. On 19 September 2012, the first test took place to verify the ballistic behaviour of the missile. On 12 April 2013, a firing test was performed to test the servomotors and steering of the missile. At the end of June 2013, a missile was fired to test its capacity to guide itself towards the target. On 19 October 2013, another missile was fired to test its capacity to guide itself towards the target. At the end of October 2013, a first missile was fired with a warhead.The warhead was developed by TDW, a subsidiary of MBDA Deutschland. On 26 / 27 November 2013, a missile was fired with a warhead and reached its target, hitting it at few centimetres from the center. Development and prototyping phase Based on the success of the demonstration phase, MBDA launched the development of the prototype. In December 2016, MBDA shared updates on the trial of the Enforcer, and they announced having hit accurately targets multiple times. The trials took place at the test center in November 2016. The static targets were aimed at from a distance ranging from . In November 2017, MBDA announced having performed successful trials against moving targets.https://www.mbda-systems.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/MBDA-HIGHLIGHTS-2017.pdf New variants Since 19, new variants of the missile have been offered to the market. The detail of the variants is mentioned at the following section. Pilot production In 2023, the MBDA Deutschland facility in Schrobenhausen launched the production of a pilot batch. From this batch trials of the missile took place, especially environmental testing to ensure that the missile in its production phase will be able to perform in the condition pre-defined. This includes testing at certain temperature ranges, varying levels of vibrations, humidity. As part of that phase, the EMC Laboratory (EMV Labor) of MBDA Deutschland performs electromagnetic compatibility tests. The aim is to verify if the electronic components work properly. This preventive testing verifies the insensitivity to electromagnetic interference and the reliable operation in the electromagnetic environment. Serial production After the pilot batch, the assembly line was made ready. After assessment of the initial production, the German Armed Forces approved the launch of the large scale serial production at the end of 2023. The parts are being supplied by other MBDA subsidiaries around Europe. In March 2024, the Enforcer Production Increase Campaign (EPIC) was put forward to the European Commission. The commission launched a funding support for the Act in Support of Ammunition Production (ASAP) programme. The aid for the Enforcer programme reaches €10 million, and will be supplied to MBDA Deutschland and two of its subsidiaries, Bayern-Chemie Deutschland, and TDW Deutschland. Eventually, the goal is to reach a four-digit yearly production capacity. Variants Variants in production Enforcer base variant The base variant programme was launched in July 2011, the production started in 2023, and it is planned to enter service in the German Army in 2024. This missile is a shoulder launched anti-armour missile. MBDA developed a launcher concept for the Enforcer missile. This launcher is designed to be mounted on light vehicles, likely for special forces missions. It is equipped with 2 missiles and passive sensors. The launcher concept was presented at Enforce TAC 2022, on an ENOK vehicle designed by ACS, based on the G464 G-Class. Variants in development MBDA Deutschland is developing several variants of the Enforcer designed for land, air, sea and anti-air applications, but those systems plan to adapt on the existing variants in order to limit the development cost and to reach a cost-effective family solution. Enforcer Air MBDA Deutschland unveiled a concept of an air-launched variant of the Enforcer missile in November 2019 at the Berlin Security Conference. This would be used in a similar way as the MBDA Brimstone missile, but smaller and cheaper. As of 2019, MBDA announced that MBDA was waiting for a launch costumer to integrate the Enforcer Air missile to the intended platform. Depending on the platform, the launch system can be drop-launched, tube-launched and rail launched. The potential applications for this missile are: thumb|400x400px|Enforcer Air on a Nauru 1000C Helicopter Medium altitude long endurance UAV (MALE UAV) Light unmanned aerial vehicles A variant of its potential use on a UAV was presented by XMobots, a Brazilian UAS company at the LAAD exhibition in April 2023 in Rio de Janeiro. The drone shown with the missile is the Nauru 1000C. As of November 2023, MBDA mentions having already performed flight trials of this variant. Enforcer X The Enforcer X is a dedicated anti-tank variant of the Enforcer platform. As of March 2023 at SOFINS 2023, MBDA announced that this variant is under development. It is designed to be a shoulder fired ATGM. The warhead will be supplied by TDW. It will feature a tandem shaped charge designed to penetrate the tank armour behind explosive reactive armour. And it will have two attack modes, a direct attack capability, and top attack. The range is expected to remain at just like the base variants of the Enforcer. Enforcer SADM (V/SHORAD) A short range anti-air variant of the Enforcer missile known as the SADM (Small Anti Drone Missile). Its main design feature is to combat drones, but could also be used against light aerial targets. A first concept of what that system could be was presented at the ILA Berlin Air Show 2022. With this missiles, MBDA says that it plans to combat Class 1 UAS, UAV under . The main differences to the base variant of the Enforcer are: a special seeker head for air targets a booster attached to the base Enforcer missile to extend its range The proposed applications for the missile as of 2024 are: thumb|190x190px|MBDA Sky Warden thumb|190x190px|Enforcer SADM on Skyranger 30 MBDA Sky Warden NNbS: In June 2022, at the ILA Berlin Air Show, MBDA presented the Sky Warden system concept. It is designed to combat UAV. The base vehicle is the ACS ENOK 9.5 APV based on the Unimog U1500 chassis. The vehicle is equipped with a turret which features 18 Enforcer SADM missiles (two launchers with 9 missiles) and a general purpose machine gun as well as passive and active sensors to detect the threat. Skyranger 30: In June 2024, at the ILA Berlin Air Show, Rheinmetall Air Defence (former Oerlikon) and MBDA signed a letter of intent to integrate the SADM to the Skyranger 30 SPAAG (self-propelled anti-gun). The Skyranger 30 is equipped with a Oerlikon KCA autocanon firing a 30 × 173 mm variant of the AHEAD ammunition. It can be topped with a SHORAD missile system and a laser anti-drone system. For the missile system, several options have been mentioned, and one of them is the SADM. In this variant, a launcher in a 3×3 configuration was developed and is being offered to the clients of the system. According to MBDA and Rheinmetall, additional layers of 3 could be added to the launcher if needed. With the SADM on the Skyranger 30, the desire of the German Army is to use the missile beyond the range of the canon at , and up to . Missile design Characteristics of the missile variants ParametersEnforcerEnforcer XEnforcer SADMEnforcer AirMissile characteristicsDiameter–––Length< –––Mass missile< –––Mass missile with tube< –––Mass with sight< –––Temperature rangePerformancesMinimum firing distance–––Maximum range> > –SeekerSeeker typeIR and camera to be selected prior to launchIR and camera to be selected prior to launchadapted seekerIR and camera to be selected prior to launchMissile launchLaunchLOBL (lock-on before launch) / launch from enclosed space–––Launcher typesshoulder-fire tubeshoulder-fire tube9×9 launcher on vehicledrop-launched / tube-launched / rail launchedFire control systemHensoldt Dynahawk / Aimpoint FCS 14–––WarheadWarhead typemulti-effect EFP (explosively-formed penetrator)tandem shaped chargeAdapted EFP with more fragmentsmulti-effect EFP (explosively-formed penetrator)Warhead mass––––Fusemulti-mode fuse (point detonation, impact-delayed or air-burst)direct impact only–multi-mode fuse (point detonation, impact-delayed or air-burst) MBDA Enforcer (base variant) Missile use The Enforcer system can be divided in three main parts, the missile itself, and all its components the launching tube and the fire control sight. The Enforcer missile is a fire-and-forget system, with lock-on before launch capability and it can be launched from an enclosed space. For the operator, he is transporting a fire control sight and one or more missiles in their launching tube. In order to use the missile, the operator connects the sight to the missile, a mechanical and an electronic connection is made. The operator looks at the target through the sight, uses the laser range finder. Depending on the weather conditions which affect the propellant, the distance and the altitude difference, the missile determines if the target can be reached. The operator selects the sensor to be used by the missile (day or night), informs the missile if the target is in movement, and selects the effect of the missile. Once locked on the target, the operator can squeeze the trigger. Missile structure According to the information supplied by MBDA Deutschland, the base structure of the missile is as following (front to back): Dual-use seeker (IR and TV): Calculator Warhead Power supply (battery) Propulsion and guidance Details about each part of the missile design and production are given in the next subsections. Seeker There are two sensors available, an infrared sensor (used at night, and in some weather / smoke conditions) and a day sensor which is a camera. The operator acquires the target with the fire control system, and when the missile is launched, the missile the system correlates the contrast of the image acquired to what it sees at a rate of 25 frames per second. The tracker can therefore guide the missile towards the target even if the light conditions change, or if the target moves up to . Calculator Behind the seeker, there is the weapon calculator. The calculator has several roles, among which, it communicates with the fire-control system prior to launch, it registers the information about the target and its distance, it defines and corrects the flight path towards the target, and it performs the attack according to the mode selected by the operator. Warhead TDW GmbH, a subsidiary of MBDA Deutschland, is the designer and supplier of the warhead, its safety, and its arming unit. The main features of the warhead is its multi-effect capability, with multi-mode fuse. The warhead is made of a forward-facing EFP (explosively formed penetrator) to treat light armoured vehicles, and a radial array of preformed fragments enabling to treat an area from dismounted soldiers. The fuse modes available that the shooters selects prior to the launch depending on the target and the desired effect are: Point detonation: The missile explodes when entering in contact with the target, for the Enforcer missile, it will be a vehicle (lightly armoured or unarmoured). Impact-delayed: This mode is used to hit an enemy that might be inside of a building, so the explosion takes place inside. Air-burst: The distance to the target is defined by the laser range-finder, and the explosion is timed to hit a zone with the targeted soldiers, or to hit soldiers behind cover. One major safety aspect of the warhead design is that the explosive is insensitive. If the missile is caught in a fire or shot at, it will not detonate. This is thanks to the chemical composition of the explosive. The explosive mixture is prepared in a liquid form, after which it will be poured to take the desired shape within the warhead through a secret process. Propulsion The propulsion system is designed and produced by Bayern-Chemie, also a subsidiary of MBDA Deutschland. The missile has two engines: Primary engine: It is located at the very rear part of the missile. Its sole role is to catapult the missile out of its tube. On older missiles, there would be only one engine, but here, one of the requirement is to fire the missile from an enclose space, and therefore a standard engine would be dangerous. This engine is working only few milliseconds in which all of its fuel is combusted. This engine has a smaller diameter than the missile, as the exhaust of the second engine surrounds it. Flight engine: This engine is located in the penultimate position. The exhausts of this engine surround the exhaust of the primary engine. This engine will start once it's far enough from the launcher, and takes over the propulsion towards the target. The propellants used for the missile are insensitive, they will not explode or cook-off if a fire, an explosion or a projectile hit it. The propellant in use is a double-base fuel, and needs to operate in a temperature ranging from . There is a sensor that monitors the temperature of the propellant. This sensor is one of the sensor that adapts the range capability of the missile in the existing conditions. Flight and guidance surfaces Four plastic wings are surrounding the missile at its center of mass. Behind the wings, there is a rudder control system which guides the missile. The fins deploy mechanically once the missile is ejected from the tube. The actuators are located between the primary engine and the flight engine. Launching tube thumb|MBDA Enforcer MBDA Italy developed the lightweight carbon-fibre launching tube for the missile. It is a single-use tube. The trigger that gets connected to the launching tube is assembled by MBDA Deutschland. The design of the trigger ensures that the missile is not a dud in case of a malfunction of the trigger. Enforcer assembly The assembly takes place in Germany, and is made by MBDA Deutschland. For the missile itself, the he seeker and the calculator are assembled together. Separately, the engine and the flight control systems and surfaces are assembled together. Once both sides are done, the warhead will be added in between. The warhead and the fuse system arrive pre-assembled, The rear part of the assembly, the propulsion is manufactured in an aluminium casing. Once the front part is connected to the rear part and the warhead is connected, a cylindrical aluminium casing will surround the front part of the missile. And unlike traditional manufacturing methods that would screw or rivet the casing of the front to the rear, it is welded in an automatic laser welding machine, which is an innovation from MBDA. At each step of the assembly process of the missile, measurements and tests are performed to ensure that the tolerances are respected, and that the electronic systems work as intended, and all the results are documented. Once the missile succeeds all the required tests, it is integrated to the launching tube which integrates the trigger as well. The last step prior to the delivery of the missile is an environmental test which will put the missile in harsh environments, and all the systems are being tested to ensure the quality of the ammunition. Fire control sight As of 2024, two options exist for the fire control system of the Enforcer missile. Hensoldt Dynahawk The two first clients of the Enforcer made the decision to order this fire control sight. It has a mass of for the optics only. This Dynahawk has a 5.5 × glass optical magnification, and it has a laser range finder. It is also equipped with a ballistics computer connected to sensors for measuring the temperature, the air pressure and he angular rate. There are modes to engage static targets, and targets in movement. It has also the capability to recognise to which weapon system it is connected (RGW 90 or Enforcer missile). The fire control system also enables to select whether it will be used for direct attack, or air-burst mode. The air-burst mode has a very high accuracy with this system. Aimpoint FCS 14 An alternative to the Dynahawk is the multi-function fire control sight Fire Control Sight 14 from Aimpoint. It has a mass of with its optics only, and with thermal imaging. The basic variant of the FCS 14 has an optical channel to aim at the target. The other elements include a laser rangefinder, sensors to assess the position and inclination of the weapon, a gyroscope, a GNSS receiver and a compass. It is also able to communicate with the weapon. It can access to the temperature of the propellant in order to compensate the flight trajectory, and also to use the programmable capacity of the missile (direct hit or air-burst) and the location at which it ignites. If equipped with thermal imaging, it can be used by the operator. For the optical sensor, there is no magnification, and the field of view is 12° horizontally, and 16° vertically. The laser range finder has a range of , and it has a wavelength of 1,550 nm meaning it is a Class 1 eye-safe laser. This alternative to the Dynahawk should bring additional export opportunities for multiple reasons. Its lower price makes it more affordable. It is ITAR free, which means that the US can't block its export. Aimpoint is a Swedish company, and it uses European components for the system. The Aimpoint FCS 14 is also being used with shoulder fired weapons, with grenade launchers and with heavy machine guns (12.7×99 mm NATO). Simulator The German Army uses shooting simulators, those are known as the AGSHP ("Ausbildungsgeräte Schießsimulator Handwaffen/Panzerabwehrhandwaffen") which means "training equipment for shooting simulators for small arms/anti-tank small arms". By 2025, Thales Deutschland will modernise the 180 stationary AGSHP and the 4 mobile ones that are in service for the German Army. The Enforcer missile will be added to the system. Operators Future operators Enforcer - base variant (850 ordered + 2,237 in option) On 20 December 2019, BAAINBw concluded a contract for the purchase of 850 units for € 76 million. The entry into service in the Bundeswehr is planned for 2024, starting with the special forces (KSK). The framework agreement signed includes an option for up to 2,237 additional missiles in total, deliveries that would be possible until 2026. The fire control sight ordered for the Enforcer is the Hensoldt Dynahawk. The German Army already uses this sight for the RGW 90. Germany with the programme Leichtes Wirkmittel 1800+ was looking for a light weapon with a range superior than the one of the RGW 90. The demand was coming from the special forces following their experience in Afghanistan. Among the problems raised were the incapacity to treat asymmetric targets such as snipers, pickups with heavy machine guns without collateral damage in urban environments or without weapons with enough range with their light equipment. The programme was known as the LWM 1800+, for which 3'100 missiles were required.https://ted.europa.eu/en/notice/-/detail/375904-2018 The competitor against the Enforcer was the Spike SR. Unknown buyer At the end of 2023, MBDA disclosed the securing of an export order of the missile. The client, the quantity, the value and the timeline are unknown. The fire control sight ordered for the Enforcer is the Hensoldt Dynahawk. Potential operators Enforcer V/SHORAD (SADM - Small Anti Drone Missile) The German Army is planning to integrate the SADM to the Skyeanger 30 by 2028. Enforcer air Mentions of the opportunity to integrate the missile to the future German Army H145M multirole attack helicopter. External links MBDA website MBDA Enforcer website Photo gallery of the Enforcer on MBDA website Bundeswehr Bundeswehr - R&D Light Weapon 1800+ - Flight tests (YouTube-Video, 25 May 2021, shooting range) Bundeswehr - R&D Light Weapon 1800+ - Warhead trials (YouTube-Video, 7 March 2022, shooting range) 'Bundeswehr - R&D Light Weapon 1800+ - Enforcer storage box torture testing (YouTube-Video, 14 June 2022) Bundeswehr - R&D Light Weapon 1800+ - Production accuracy (YouTube-Video, 21 May 2024) Bundeswehr - R&D Light Weapon 1800+ - Missile design and production (YouTube-Video, 22 May 2024) Bundeswehr - R&D Light Weapon 1800+ - KSK testing (YouTube-Video, 27 May 2024, training of the German special forces with the Thales simulator) References Category:Anti-tank weapons Category:Anti-tank guided missiles Category:Anti-tank guided missiles of Germany

Marshall University Visual Arts Center

Marshall University Visual Arts Center (originally known as Anderson Newcomb Co. and Stone & Thomas) is an arts center in Huntington, West Virginia, US, next to Pullman Square. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 under the Downtown Huntington Historic District. History Anderson Newcomb Co. (1902-1980) In 1894, J.W. Valentine opened a dry goods shop in the current day downtown Huntington. A year later, he partnered with W.H. Newcomb, later naming the store Valentine & Newcomb. After years of rapid growth, in 1902 Valentine & Newcomb opened a three-store building on 3rd Avenue. Five years later in 1907, Valentine sold his shares of the store to E.G. Anderson, which later renamed the store Anderson Newcomb Co.. In 1920, after years of reconstruction, the Anderson Newcomb Co. building added three floors to the main building. Almost thirty years later, in 1956 two more stories were added to the building. Stone & Thomas (1980-1996) In 1980 the building was purchased by Stone & Thomas, a United States chain of department stores based in Wheeling, West Virginia. Sixteen years after opening, Stone & Thomas closed its Huntington location, due to Bankruptcy issues. Marshall University Visual Arts Center (2013-Present) After sitting abandoned, the building was purchased by Marshall University in 2013, to redevelop it into a home for their visual arts program. Features Birke Art Gallery In 1977, the Marshall University Art Gallery, which was the first art gallery created by Marshall University. Two years later in 1979, it was renamed the Birke Art Gallery after Helen and William D. Birke, owners of the Huntington Publishing Company. In 2022, the Birke Art Gallery moved from Smith Hall to the first floor of the Visual Arts Center. Today the gallery is host to a series of rotating exhibitions throughout the year including an annual juried student exhibition. Charles W. and Norma C. Carroll Gallery The Charles W. and Norma C. Carroll Gallery is a 2,200-square-foot gallery on the first floor of the Visual Arts Center. The gallery was renamed in 2015 after Charles and Norma Carrol, two graduates from Marshall University and owners of Carroll Insurance. The inaugural 2014 exhibition, We ART Marshall, featured artwork by students, faculty, and alumni of Marshall University. Pneumatic Gallery The Pneumatic Gallery is a student art gallery that opened in late 2021. The gallery, renamed in 2024 from the Student Gallery, is strictly a student gallery to practice all aspects of putting on an exhibition. See also Cityscape of Huntington, West Virginia List of buildings at Marshall University List of museums in Huntington, West Virginia References Category:Marshall University Category:Buildings and structures in Huntington, West Virginia Category:Arts centers in West Virginia Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1902 Category:2013 establishments in West Virginia Category:Agricultural buildings and structures in West Virginia Category:Art museums and galleries established in 2013 Category:Art museums and galleries in West Virginia Category:Glass museums and galleries in the United States Category:Folk art museums and galleries in West Virginia Category:Museums in Cabell County, West Virginia Category:Museums in Huntington, West Virginia Category:Historic district contributing properties in West Virginia

Athletics at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Women's 400 metres T11

The women's 400 metres T11 event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, will take place on 30 August 2024. Records Prior to the competition, the existing records were as follows: Area Time Athlete Location Date Africa 12.39 Lahja Ishitile Kobe America 11.83 Jerusa Geber dos Santos São Paulo Asia 11.91 Zhou Guohua Nottwil Europe 11.91 PR Libby Clegg Rio de Janeiro Oceania 14.42 Karlee Symonds South Australia Results Round 1 4 heats start on 30 August 2024. First in each heat (Q) and the next 4 fastest (q) advance to the Semi-finals. Heat 1 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes 1 1 Liu Cuiqing 59.09 2 3 Juliana Moko 1:03.78 , 3 7 Camila Müller 1:05.47 — 5 Angie Pabón Source: Heat 2 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes 1 5 Lahja Ishitile 57.73 2 3 He Shanshan 58.86 , — 7 Asila Mirzayorova Source: Heat 3 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes 1 3 Thalita Simplício 58.96 2 7 Suneeporn Tanomwong 1:02.95 3 5 Joanna Mazur 1:04.01 Source: Heat 4 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes 1 5 Ionis Salcedo 1:00.03 2 3 Irene Suárez 1:08.25 — 7 Jhulia Dos Santos Source: Semi-finals Two semi-final heats took place on 30 August 2024. First in each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) advanced to the Final. Heat 1 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes 1 3 Lahja Ishitile 57.74 2 7 He Shanshan 58.82 , 3 5 Ionis Salcedo 59.72 4 1 Joanna Mazur 1:03.93 Source: Heat 2 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes 1 5 Thalita Simplício 58.56 2 3 Liu Cuiqing 1:00.13 3 1 Juliana Moko 1:01.69 4 7 Suneeporn Tanomwong 1:03.19 Source: Final The Final took place on 31 August 2024. Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes 3 Lahja Ishitile 56.20 , 5 Thalita Simplício 57.21 7 He Shanshan 58.25 4 1 Ionis Salcedo 1:00.15 Source: References Women's 400 metres T11 Category:Women's events at the 2024 Summer Paralympics Category:2024 in women's athletics

A Nightmare on Elm Street: Protégé

A Nightmare on Elm Street: Protégé is a 2005 British horror novel written by Tim Waggoner and published by Black Flame. A tie-in to the Nightmare on Elm Street series of American horror films, it is the third in a series of five Nightmare on Elm Street novels published by Black Flame and revolves around a teenager named Jerome Starkey as he attempts to prevent himself from falling under the thrall of supernatural killer Freddy Krueger. Plot Expectant teenage mother Joanna Larkin falls asleep at the wheel and has a nightmare about Freddy Krueger, a serial child killer who, after being burned to death by angry parents, now haunts the dreams of the people of Springwood, Ohio. Freddy injects Joanna's unborn child with his evil essence before causing Joanna to die in a car crash, though Joanna's baby, Jerome, survives and is raised by his father, Don Starkey, and stepmother, Lynn. Growing up, Jerome is shielded from Freddy's influence by a dreamcatcher gifted to him by Joanna's twin sister, Rebecca, a tarot card reader who received the artifact from a being implied to be an angel while in New Mexico. Despite this, Jerome still suffers from violent outbursts, leading to incidents like him crushing his pet gerbil, Kirby, and biting and permanently scarring Lynn and a bully named Patrick Cottril. One night, Jerome accidentally damages the dreamcatcher and begins having nightmares about Freddy. Freddy's machinations cause Jerome to develop a malevolent split personality who seizes control of his and Jerome's shared body whenever Jerome falls asleep, gaining power and further autonomy by murdering Cottril and the bully's two cohorts, Eddie Jackson and Brent Haney. Rebecca, after being made aware of Jerome's dilemma, attempts to save her nephew by repairing the dreamcatcher with help from Joanna, whose spirit Rebecca is briefly able to call forth during a visit to the Astral plane. Jerome's evil half destroys the dreamcatcher and murders Rebecca, which prompts Jerome into attempting suicide by jumping in a river, an act that backfires as "Dark Jerome" takes control of Jerome's body after Jerome passes out in the water; Jerome's doppelganger then goes on a killing spree, butchering three of the staff of Jerome's school, his bosses at a video rental shop, and his best friend, Ellery Belasco, while Jerome's consciousness is trapped in the Dream World with Freddy. Jerome, guided by Rebecca's spirit, escapes Freddy and stops Dark Jerome from killing Lynn and his stepsiblings, but is unable to save Don. Dark Jerome retakes control of Jerome's body and kidnaps Jerome's girlfriend, Cheryl Garringer, bringing her to Freddy's old abandoned house, 1428 Elm Street. The house is where Freddy is at his strongest in the waking world, and, with Dark Jerome acting as a nexus, he is able to physically manifest there, intent on helping his "son" slaughter Cheryl. Jerome reassumes control of his body and attacks Freddy, only to vacate the body at the last second, causing Freddy to accidentally kill Dark Jerome. Jerome, now a disembodied spirit, forces Freddy back into the Dream World before saying goodbye to Cheryl. At Jerome's funeral, Cheryl laments that, even though Dark Jerome was destroyed, depriving Freddy of an agent in the mortal plane, it was a pyrrhic victory since Jerome and eleven others are dead and Jerome was blamed for Dark Jerome's rampage, which has produced a surplus of fear for Freddy to feed on and use to continue terrorizing Springwood. Publication In his initial pitch to Black Flame for a Nightmare on Elm Street tie-in novel, author Tim Waggoner had Freddy Krueger become mortal again and attempt to reclaim his position of power in the Dream World. Waggoner, encouraged by his editor, had already begun writing this story when he was informed by a representative from New Line Cinema, the owners of the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise, that it had been rejected because the concept of Freddy becoming human again would "raise the specter of Freddie having been a child molester/murderer when he was alive and they didn’t want to deal with that issue." Waggoner then wrote and presented Black Flame with an outline for Protégé, which was approved by New Line Cinema. To promote the book, Waggoner read the first chapter at the World Horror Convention in New York City in April 2005. In 2006, Black Flame reprinted Protégé as part of Ripped From a Dream: A Nightmare on Elm Street Omnibus, a compilation that included Suffer the Children and Dreamspawn, the two preceding Nightmare on Elm Street novels published by Black Flame. Reception Don D'Ammassa opined that Protégé was "quite well written" in a dual review of it and Final Destination: Dead Man's Hand he wrote for Science Fiction Chronicle. Reece Goodall of The Boar commended the novel, which he felt had "a really interesting main character and some solid horror" as well as an original and intriguing premise that set it apart from its two predecessors, Suffer the Children and Dreamspawn. References External links Interview with Tim Waggoner at Nightmare on Elm Street Companion Category:2005 British novels Category:2000s horror novels Category:Arson in fiction Category:Astral projection in popular culture Category:British horror novels Category:Domestic violence in fiction Category:Fiction about animal cruelty Category:Fiction about child murder Category:Fiction about patricide Category:Fiction about self-harm Category:Fiction about shapeshifting Category:Fiction about tarot Category:Fiction about twins Category:Ghost novels Category:Juvenile delinquency in fiction Category:A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise) mass media Category:Novels about adultery Category:Novels about angels Category:Novels about bullying Category:Novels about child abduction Category:Novels about child abuse Category:Novels about dysfunctional families Category:Novels about mass murder Category:Novels about nightmares Category:Novels based on Native American mythology Category:Novels about precognition Category:Novels about revenge Category:Novels about serial killers Category:Novels about siblings Category:Novels about suicide Category:Novels about teenage pregnancy Category:Novels about telekinesis Category:Novels about telepathy Category:Novels based on films Category:Novels set in abandoned buildings and structures Category:Novels set in New Mexico Category:Novels set in Ohio Category:Novels set in high schools and secondary schools Category:Novels set in the 1980s Category:Novels set in the 2000s Category:Novels set on farms Category:Novels set on rivers Category:Novels with multiple narrators Category:Supernatural novels Category:Third-person narrative novels Category:Works about fear Category:Works about school violence Category:Works about torture Category:Works set in shops

AniWave

AniWave (also Aniwave, formerly, 9anime) was an anime-focused file streaming website that hosted links and embedded videos, allowing users to stream or download movies and TV shows illegally for free. The website was related to a chain of similar websites known as FMovies and had connections to individuals or operations in Vietnam. History The website was initially known as 9anime. It was founded in 2016 and in 2023 rebranded itself to AniWave. (Some fake clones using the same name have been reported to appear in the aftermath of this). It had several domains, most recently it used a .to domain associated with the Kingdom of Tonga. The site has been targeted by copyright enforcement organizations such as Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment several times, including in 2022 and in 2023. It went offline on 27 August 2024, together with several related websites. On 29 August 2024, Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment confirmed that they have assisted the Vietnamese police to shut down the site and many other connected sites including FMovies. Significance The website was widely popular. In October 2020 TorrentFreak called it "a major player in anime piracy" with over 39 million visits per month. in May 2023 the site described it as a "piracy behemoth" with 214 million visits a month and "huge, successful, and a prime target" for copyright enforcement. In August that year it described the website as "one of the world's largest piracy sites" and "one of... anime piracy juggernauts" although quoting a smaller number of monthly visits (110 million). In 2023 its .to domain was ranked #164 globally, with over 30% of that traffic coming from the United States. A year later, it reported that "it serviced a mind-blowing 170 million visits a month". The Tech Report referred to the site as "one of the world’s most visited movie streaming websites" and praised the website for being free (including ad-free)its width of coverage, as well as various useful features (such as a list of favorites and watchlists), noting that it however lacks options to download content and a dedicated mobile app. Dataconomy called it "a significant player in the anime streaming space". The Escapist noted that it was "important to the anime community", particularly as legal services are not available to everyone. Distractify noted that the site's closure "has left [anime] fans reeling", as legal services suffer from "increasing prices and somewhat limited range of [content]". See also References Category:Anime and manga websites Category:File sharing communities Category:Internet properties established in 2016

Familia (2023 film)

Familia () is a 2023 Mexican drama film directed by Rodrigo García and written by García and Bárbara Colio. Starring Daniel Giménez Cacho, Ilse Salas, Cassandra Ciangherotti, Natalia Solián, Ángeles Cruz and Maribel Verdú. It is about the consequences in the family environment after the father decides to sell the olive ranch where everyone lived warm memories. Synopsis Leo is the owner of an olive ranch located in the Valle de Guadalupe and the father of four children: Rebeca, Julia, Mariana and Benny. Every month he brings his family together to catch up on their lives, but this time things will be different, because during the meal, Leo will reveal that he has received an offer to sell the ranch, the place where they grew up and where the memories of their dead mother. The news will divide the opinion of the members and stir different emotions in them. Cast The actors participating in this film are: Daniel Giménez Cacho as Leo Ilse Salas as Rebeca Cassandra Ciangherotti as Julia Natalia Solián as Mariana Ángeles Cruz as Teresa Maribel Verdú as Clara Ricardo Selmen as Benny Vicky Araico as Araceli Brian Shortall as Dan Isabella Gallegos Arroyo as Amanda Andrea Sutton as Erika Zury Jacobo Shasho as Alan Natalia Plascencia as Mónica Adolfo Mendoza Madera as Otoniel Jessie Valcin as Eva Fernando Álvarez Rebeil as Tomás Production Principal photography took place in Valle de Guadalupe in Ensenada Municipality, Mexico and wrapped on May 17, 2023. Release It had a limited release on December 7, 2023, in Mexican theaters, then released worldwide on December 15, 2023, on Netflix. Accolades YearAwardCategoryRecipientResultRef.202466th Ariel AwardsBest DirectorRodrigo GarcíaBest ActorDaniel Giménez CachoBest ActressCassandra CiangherottiIlse SalasBest EditingYibrán AsuadBest Costume DesignMariestela Fernández References External links Category:2023 films Category:2023 drama films Category:Mexican drama films Category:2020s Spanish-language films Category:Films set in Mexico Category:Films shot in Mexico Category:Films directed by Rodrigo García Category:Films about families Category:Films about death Category:Films about father–child relationships Category:Netflix original films Category:2020s Mexican films

Ninth federal electoral district of Michoacán

thumb|Michoacán's ninth district since 2022 thumb|Michoacán's federal electoral districts since 2022 thumb|Michoacán under the 2017–2022 districting scheme The ninth federal electoral district of Michoacán (Distrito electoral federal 09 de Michoacán) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of eleven such districts in the state of Michoacán. It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fifth region. District territory Michoacán lost its 12th district in the 2022 redistricting process. Under the new districting plan, which is to be used for the 2024, 2027 and 2030 federal elections, the ninth district covers five municipalities in the centre-west of the state: Nuevo Parangaricutiro, Taretan, Tingambato, Uruapan and Ziracuaretiro. The district's head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and collated, is the state's second largest city, Uruapan. Previous districting schemes 2017–2022 Between 2017 and 2022, the district's head town was at Uruapan and it comprised solely that city and its surrounding municipality. 2005–2017 Under the 2005 districting plan, Michoacán lost its 13th district. The ninth district's head town was at Uruapan and it covered six municipalities: Nuevo Parangaricutiro, Taretan, Tingambato, Uruapan and Ziracuaretiro, as in the 2022 plan, plus Gabriel Zamora. The link contains comparative maps of the 2005 and 1996 schemes. 1996–2005 Under the 1996 districting plan, the district's head town was at Uruapan and it covered seven municipalities: Charapan, Paracho, and the five from the 2022 plan: Nuevo Parangaricutiro, Taretan, Tingambato, Uruapan and Ziracuaretiro. 1978–1996 The districting scheme in force from 1978 to 1996 was the result of the 1977 electoral reforms, which increased the number of single-member seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 196 to 300. Under the reforms, Michoacán's allocation rose from 9 to 13. The ninth district's head town was the city of Apatzingán de la Constitución and it was composed of four municipalities: Apatzingán, La Huacana, Múgica and Parácuaro. Deputies returned to Congress + Ninth federal electoral district of Michoacán Election Deputy Party Term Legislature1916–1917Constituent Congressof Querétaro ...1979Alfonso Quintero Larios22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1979–198251st Congress1982Juan Villegas Torres22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1982–198552nd Congress1985Juan Carlos Velasco Pérez22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1985–198853rd Congress1988Raúl Reyes Ramírez22px|link=Popular Socialist Party (Mexico)1988–199154th Congress1991Jaime Calleja Andrade22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1991–199455th Congress1994Roldán Álvarez Ayala22px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution1994–199756th Congress199722px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution1997–200057th Congress2000Jesús Garibay García22px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution2000–200358th Congress2003Carlos Hernán Silva22px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution2003–200659th Congress2006Fausto Mendoza Maldonado22px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution2006–200960th Congress2009Uriel López Paredes22px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution2009–201261st Congress2012Socorro de la Luz Quintana León22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party2012–201562nd Congress2015Ángel II Alanís Pedraza22px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution2015–201863rd Congress2018Ignacio Campos Equihua22px|link=National Regeneration Movement2018–202164th Congress2021Carlos Alberto Manzo RodríguezEsteban Rafael Constantino Magaña22px|link=National Regeneration Movement2021–202465th Congress2024Guadalupe Araceli Mendoza Arias22px|link=independent politician2024–202766th Congress Notes References Category:Federal electoral districts of Mexico Category:Geography of Michoacán Category:Government of Michoacán

1st West Virginia legislature

The first state legislature of West Virginia convened in Wheeling from June 20, 1863, to December 11, 1863, after the adoption of the West Virginia Constitution which was drafted during the first two years of the Civil War. Apportionment +Legend District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 District 5 District 6 District 7 District 8 District 9 District 10 District 11 1 delegate 2 delegates 3 delegates Thick black lines: State and district boundaries Thin gray lines: County boundaries Dashed black lines: Planned district and state boundaries Dashed red lines: Counties with rotating member apportionment The 1863 West Virginia Constitution established the creation of nine senatorial districts, each sending two senators to the state legislature. Additionally, the constitution called for the creation of two other senatorial districts containing counties in northern Virginia assuming they joined the state. For the House of Delegates, the constitution outlined six delegate districts each sending one or two delegates to the House, with another planned for counties in northern Virginia. Every other county was apportioned one to three delegates. The Senate member count was set to be between eighteen and twenty-two, and between forty-seven and fifty-two for the House of Delegates, depending on how many Virginian counties were absorbed into the state. Members of the Senate President of the West Virginia Senate: John M. Phelps from Mason County District 1 (Hancock, Brooke, and Ohio) John H. Atkinson Chester D. Hubbard District 2 (Marshall, Wetzel, and Marion) James Burley Aaron Hawkins District 3 (Monongalia, Preston, and Taylor) John J. Brown Edward C. Bunker District 4 (Pleasants, Tyler, Ritchie, Doddridge, and Harrison) Daniel Haymond Edwin Maxwell District 5 (Wood, Jackson, Wirt, Roane, Calhoun, and Gilmer) Edward S. Mahon William E. Stevenson District 6 (Barbour, Tucker, Lewis, Braxton, Upshur, and Randolph) D. D. T. Farnsworth William D. Rollyson District 7 (Mason, Putnam, Kanawha, Clay, and Nicholas) Greenbury Slack District 8 (Cabell, Wayne, Boone, Logan, Wyoming, Mercer, and McDowell) John B. Brown William H. Copley District 9 (Webster, Pocahontas, Fayette, Raleigh, Greenbrier, and Monroe) Thomas K. McCann Samuel Young John M. Phelps District 10 (Planned: Pendleton, Hardy, Hampshire, and Morgan) Aaron Bechtol James Carskadon District 11 (Planned: Frederick, Berkeley, and Jefferson) Members of the House of Delegates Speaker of the West Virginia House of Delegates: Spicer Patrick Members by delegate districts District 1 (Pleasants and Wood, 2 members) Horatio N. Crooks (Wood) Peter G. Van Winkle (Wood) District 2 (Calhoun and Gilmer) William T. Wiant (Gilmer) District 3 (Clay and Nicholas) Anthony Rader (Nicholas) District 4 (Webster and Pocahontas) Benton Griffin (Pocahontas) District 5 (Tucker and Randolph) Cyrus Kittle (Randolph) District 6 (McDowell, Wyoming, and Raleigh) W. S. Dunbar (Raleigh) District 7 (Planned: Morgan and Berkeley, 2 members) Joseph S. Wheat (Morgan) Greenbrier and Monroe: (3 members, county delegate count in rotation) John C. Gillilan (Greenbrier) Andrew W. Mann (Greenbrier) Lewis Ballard (Monroe) Members by county Barbour: Joseph Teter Jr. Boone: Robert Hagar Braxton: Felix Sutton Brooke: H. W. Crothers Cabell: Edward D. Wright Doddridge: Ephraim Bee Frederick (Planned, 2 members) Hampshire: James I. Barrick George W. Sheetz Hancock: William L. Crawford Hardy: John Michael Harrison: Nathan Goff Sr. Soloman S. Fleming Jackson: David J. Keeney Jefferson (Planned, 2 members) Kanawha: Spicer Patrick Lewis Ruffner Lewis: Perry M. Hale Logan: James H. Hinchman Marion: Isaac Holman John S. Barnes Marshall: Michael Dunn Joseph Turner Mason: Lewis Bumgardner Mercer: Thomas Little Monongalia: Leroy Kramer John B. Lough Ohio: Daniel Lamb Andrew F. Ross W. W. Shriver Pendleton: John Boggs Preston: James C. McGrew William B. Zinn Putnam: George C. Bowyer Ritchie: S. R. Dawson Roane: J. M. McWhorter Taylor: L. E. Davidson Tyler: Daniel Sweeny Upshur: Jacob Teter Wayne: Thomas Couley Wetzel: S. I. Robinson Wirt: Alfred Foster Accomplishments 204 bills were passed by the legislature in its first term, including bills to admit Berkeley and Jefferson counties into the state. See also List of West Virginia state legislatures Wheeling Convention References Category:Legal history of West Virginia Category:West Virginia Legislature

Athletics at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's 400 metres T52

The men's 100 metres T52 event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, took place on 30 August 2024. Records Prior to the competition, the existing records were as follows: Area Time Athlete Location Date Africa 1:01.93 Abdellah Ez Zine Athens America 55.19 Raymond Martin Arbon Asia 54.54 Tomoki Sato Nottwil Europe 52.00 Maxime Carabin Sharjah Oceania 1:05.21 Lachlan Jones Athens Results Heats First 3 in each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) advance to the Final. Heat 1 Heat 1 took place on 30 August 2024, at 10:58. Rank Lane Name Nationality Time Notes 1 3 Maxime Carabin 54.48 , 2 5 Fabian Blum 1:04.08 3 4 Salvador Hernández 1:05.71 4 6 Jerrold Mangliwan 1:05.79 5 7 Tatsuya Ito 1:09.55 Heat 2 Heat 2 took place on 30 August 2024, at 11:05. Rank Lane Name Nationality Time Notes 1 3 Tomoki Sato 58.04 2 7 Tomoya Ito 1:00.42 3 4 Leonardo de Jesús Pérez Juárez 1:03.14 4 5 Anthony Bouchard 1:05.98 5 6 Beat Bösch 1:06.65 6 8 Sam McIntosh 1:10.33 Final Final took place on 30 August 2024, at 19:12. Rank Lane Name Nationality Time Notes 5 Maxime Carabin 55.10 6 Tomoki Sato 56.26 7 Tomoya Ito 1:01.08 4 9 Leonardo de Jesús Pérez Juárez 1:03.43 5 8 Fabian Blum 1:03.71 6 2 Anthony Bouchard 1:04.09 7 4 Salvador Hernández 1:04.32 8 3 Jerrold Mangliwan 1:04.55 References Men's 400 metres T52 Category:2024 in men's athletics

João Pedro Zappa

João Pedro Zappa Motta (born 8 October 1988) is a Brazilian actor. Life Born in Rio de Janeiro, Zappa began acting at Teatro O Tablado from 2002 to 2010. He graduated from Faculdade da Cidade with a degree in theatre. He is known for Por Toda Minha Vida, Além do Tempo, and Gabriel and the Mountain, as well as the mini-series Santos Dumont. During the filming for the latter, he studied French for 5 months to play the titular character. He considers him to be the most complex character he has played. Filmography Television YearShowRoleNotes2007CiladaGuest appearance2008Guerra e PazEpisode: Cães &amp; Gatos 2009Por Toda Minha VidaJerry AdrianiEpisode: Especial Raul Seixas CinquentinhaGabriel Santoro de Carvalho Flores2010Nosso Querido TrapalhãoYear end specialA Turma do PererêTatu Pedro Vieira2010Morando SozinhoConrado2014Segunda DamaGregório Garcez (Greg)2015Além do TempoBento (young)Guest appearanceQuestão de FamíliaMiguel2017Os Dias Eram AssimSérgio Amaral (Serginho)Os Homens São de MarteJoão CamposEpisode: "17 de setembro"2019Vítimas DigitaisArthurEpisode: "Maria Clara"Santos DumontSantos Dumont2020Reality ZTK2021Nos Tempos do ImperadorCornélio Pindaíba (Nélio)2023Betinho - No Fio da NavalhaFelipe2024Suíte MagnóliaRubem2025Raul Seixas: Metamorfose AmbulantePaulo Coelho Film YearTitleRoleNotes2008O Vampiro do Meio-DiaTeenagerShort film2009Enquanto IssoBernado Direita É a Mão Que Você EscreveAntônio2011Desassossego (Filme das Maravilhas)2012GaydarShort filmRessacaThiagoOs Mortos-VivosShort filmDisparosGuto2013Coisas NossasIvanShort film2014Boa SorteJoãoMutantesBrunoShort filmAula de ReforçoBentoShort film2015ÉdenVinte Anos2017DestinosAntônioShort filmGabriel and the MountainGabriel Buchmann2018Vende-se esta MotoXéuRasga CoraçãoMaguari Pistolão2019B.O.João Lucas2021Noites de AlfaceNico Theatre YearTitleRole2007O Dragão Verde2008-09Um Garoto Chamado Rorbeto2012Querida Helena SergueievnaVolódia2013A importância de ser perfeitoCecília2014Pedro Malazarte e a Arara GiganteJanota2015Sonhos de um SedutorAlanO Processo2016Guia Afetivo da Periferia2018Pra onde vão os corações partidosSantiago Awards and nominations YearAwardNominationWorkResultRef2009Festival Cine-Esquema-NovoBest ActorRessaca 2014Festa Internacional de Teatro de AngraBest ActorA Importância de ser Perfeito rowspan= "7" Prêmio CBTIJ de TeatroBest Supporting ActorPedro Malazarte e a Arara Gigante2015Prêmio Guarani de Cinema BrasileiroBest RevelationBoa Sorte2018Grande Prêmio do Cinema BrasileiroBest ActorGabriel and the MountainPrêmio Guarani de Cinema BrasileiroBest Actor2021Prêmio Notícias da TVTV RevelationNos Tempos do ImperadorPrêmio Contigo! de TVTV Revelation References Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from Rio de Janeiro (state) Category:Actors from Rio de Janeiro (city) Category:20th-century Brazilian actors Category:21st-century Brazilian actors

Election Constituency Strategic Road

Election Constituency Strategic Road (ECS Road) is a strategic road in Nepal that is identified by Member of Parliament in each parliamentary constituencies of Nepal. There are 165 Constituencies in Nepal so there are 165 ECS roads identified. The then Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli laid the foundation stone of the two-lane strategic road for all 165 constituencies at a formal program in Baluwatar on April 3, 2021 These ECR road connects each constitutional area with the National Highway passing nearby. List of Roads Koshi Province + Koshi Province Constituencies Road Name Details Length Note Taplejung 1Taplejung Constituency RoadHelipad–Buspark–Machhapokhari–Tamor Hiriya Dovan–Ojhagaun Liwang Kande–Thunglung Gumba Danda–Fungfunge–Bharuna Bandeltad–Simsime Danda–Pasim Doksa Pangri Tiptala Road Panchthar 1 Panchthar Constituency RoadDashami Arubote Sarkedhobhana Bridge Limba Gumbadanda Road Ilam 1Ilam 1 Constituency Road Bhalukhop- Lakshmipur- Thakle Khudunabari road Ilam 2Ilam 2 Constituency Road Atmanand Marg- from Lakshmi Bandh to ward no. 6 Bihibare, from Guru Ashram Daya to Mangsebung Bhanjyang and from Bihibare to Palase Phulungi Jhapa 1Jhapa 1 Constituency Road Dhulawari (Radhadhami) to Bhavanachowk via Magneltar road Jhapa 2Jhapa 2 Constituency Road From Birtamod Mukti Chowk to Kaptanbari Chowk Pushpalal Chowk Vihibare of Shanishcher Road - Kharwandi Buddha Chowk Kalisthan Bazar Buddhshanti 2-Jaipur Wednesday Road Jhapa 3Jhapa 3 Constituency Road From Kachankawal 1 Ward Office to Rajgarh Bazar, Srijan Chowk, North Budhabare Jhapa 4Jhapa 4 Constituency Road Shivsattasi Municipality Ward No. 2 Tuesday Market East Regional Road from Batamankamana Boarding School) through North Pragati Chowk to Vikas Chowk to Dakshin Bal Seva Pvt., Himali Pvt. Through Sarasati Pvt. Road from South Haldar Chowk to East Shivganj Bazar Dharahara Chowk South from Shivganj Bazar to Area Police Office Agadi Nagar Circular Path Jhapa 5 Jhapa 5 Constituency Road Kamal Ga. Pa. Guhwari School Rangpur-Wahpare School Chowk Bazar Gyan Bahadur Chowk-Damuna Bazar Road connecting Gajurgachi Damravhitta Jhapa Sankhuwasabha 1 Sankhuwasabha Constituency Road Basantpur Tute Mude Shanishchre Chainpur Khandbari Road Tehrathum 1Tehrathum Constituency Road From Jirikhimti to Pauthak Bazar via Morahang road Bhojpur 1Bhojpur Constituency Road From Ranitar (Amchok RM) to Dudhkoshi coast- Hasanpur Chuharwesi via Arun River bank via Thulo Dumma, Sano Dumma Leguvaghat, Lamsuvaghat, Satighat via Waluvani, Majhuva Vesi Sanghutar through corridor of Ekhuwa River to Dobhane, Jowari via Solu connecting road Dhankuta 1Dhankuta Constituency Road Pakhriwas-Phalante-Bhojpur headquarters road Morang 1Morang 1 Constituency Road Belbari Faidani Lokhra Sagma Danda Road Morang 2Morang 2 Constituency Road Morang District Subarshi Municipality Sikti to Pathari Shanishare 5/6 road Morang 3Morang 3 Constituency Road Sundararaicha Na.Pa. 2 Karaibana Chowk Haraicha Bazar Chadnichowk Malechowk Sabhapur Sangli Einar Bakaha Khola Road to Vyarwan Bazar Kushal Chowk Hasandah|| || Morang 4Morang 4 Constituency Road Road to Belwari via Kathariko-4 New Bazar via Bhaudanha Balla Motipur Kasane Morang 5Morang 5 Constituency Road Rangeli- Ghadhi Bridge via Bahuban Satari Ghadhi Kholsi West South Border West Dropati Marg North Rangeli Kanepokhari and Ganesh M.B. of Rangeli. A road connecting the Rangeli-Jhapa Hulaki Road through the South Border and Amtola Satari to the west. Morang 6Morang 6 Constituency Road Gachhiya Lechani Sheshnarayan Divyadham Sunsari 1Sunsari 1 Constituency Road Barahkshetra Napa Ward No. 3 Road connecting Dharan-17 via Bharula Nadaha via Badge Sunsari 2Sunsari 2 Constituency Road Eenruwa N.P. From Sakhuwa Gachi to Ramdhuni N.P. Through Siddhapur through Dhakni Chan to Ramdhuni N.P. Road connecting Jhumka Bazar Highway Sunsari 3Sunsari 3 Constituency Road Chatra Main Canal of Etahari Sub-Metropolitan City from Lohani Chowk to Eenruwa No through South Canal. Pa. From Chadwela to Gadhi's Aurabani Chowk, close to B.P. From the chowk through the canal south of Barju to Das toll and Muslim toll from Sitaganj chowk to Nargara toll and the road from Bairia tol to Khaditol Sunsari 4Sunsari 4 Constituency Road From Sadanandan Mandal's house to Sadanand Shah's house to Babuni Shah's house to Koshi Tappu, Gulfaria, Shivchowk Katan road blacked Solukhumbu 1Solukhumbu Constituency Road Khotang 1Khotang Constituency Road Chasmitar Salchautari Dikuwa Kurleghat Okhaldhunga 1Okhaldhunga Constituency Road Udayapur 1Udayapur 1 Constituency Road Udayapur 2Udayapur 2 Constituency Road Madhesh Province Bagmati Province Lumbini Province Gandaki Province Karnali Province Sudurpashchim Province References Category:Roads in Nepal Category:Election Constituency Roads in Nepal

ABM Amin Ullah Nuri

ABM Amin Ullah Nuri is a Bangladeshi civil servant and former Secretary of the Road Transport and Highways Division. He is a former chairman of Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha. Nuri is the former chief executive officer of the Dhaka South City Corporation. Career In 2020 after Sheikh Fazle Noor Taposh became mayor of Dhaka South City Corporation, he appointed Nuri Chief Executive Officer of the corporation. Nuri was appointed chairman of Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha in April 2021 replacing acting chairman Sayeed Hasan Sikder, who held the post after the retirement of Mohammad Sayeed Noor Alam. Nuri promised to remove brokers from Bangladesh Road Transport Authority and focus on digitalizing services. He oversaw the introduction of new curriculum of commercial drivers education that sought to reduce sexual harassment. In May 2021, Nuri met with a delegation from Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) who requested Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha repair and improve roads connecting sector-12 of Uttara to BGMEA headquarters. On 20 December 2021, he was promoted to secretary. Nuri blamed the contractor for a collapse of a girder of an under construction elevated expressway of the Bus Rapid Transit project that resulted in fatalities. He worked with Obaidul Quader, Minister of Road Transport and Bridges, to award contract for 137 buses for Dhaka Bus Rapid Transit to their preferred contractor. He and Monjur Hossain, Secretary of Bridges Division, blamed pedestrian and commuters for increasing road fatalities in Bangladesh. He oversaw the opening of the first metro rail of Bangladesh, Dhaka Metro Rail. Nuri was reappointed Secretary of the Road Transport and Highways Division on a contracted on 26 June 2024. He was given a contractual appointment along with Md Tofazzel Hossain Miah, principal secretary of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. His contractual appointed was cancelled after the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina along with 10 other secretaries. The ten others are K. M. Abdus Salam, Khairul Islam, Lokman Hossain Miah, Md. Mokammel Hossain, Md. Humayun Kabir, Md. Ali Hossain, Satyajit Karmaker, and Wahida Akter. References Category:Living people Category:Bangladeshi civil servants

2024–25 Liga TDP season

The 2024–25 Liga TDP season is the fourth-tier football league of Mexico. The tournament will begin on 5 September 2024 and will finish in May 2025. Competition format The Tercera División (Third Division) is divided into 17 groups. Since the 2009–2010 season, the format of the tournament has been reorganized to a home and away format, which all teams will play in their respective group. The 17 groups consist of teams which are eligible to play in the liguilla de ascenso (promotion play–offs) for four promotion spots, teams who are affiliated with teams in the Liga MX, Liga de Expansión MX and Liga Premier and development teams, which are not eligible for promotion but will play that who the better team in a sixteen team reserves playoff tournament for the entire season. The regulation awards three points for a win, one point for a tie and zero points for a loss, however, when a match ends tied, a penalty shoot-out is played to award a bonus point to the winning team of the penalty series. The league format allows participating franchises to rent their place to another team, so some clubs compete with a different name than the one registered with the FMF. For the 2024–25 season there will be four promotions to the Liga Premier. Two to Serie A and two to Serie B. Group 1 Group with 14 teams from Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo and Yucatán. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Atlético Quinatanarroense Cancún, Quintana Roo Club Deportivo Viany 1,000 – – Boston Cancún Cancún, Quintana Roo CEDAR Cancún 1,000 Cancún — Campeche Campeche, Campeche La Muralla de Kin-Ha 500 — —  Chetumal  Chetumal, Quintana Roo  José López Portillo  6,600 –  – Deportiva Venados Tamanché, Yucatán Alonso Diego Molina 2,500 Deportiva Venados — Deportivo CTM Búhos Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo Unidad Deportiva Colonia Pescadores 1,200 –  – Ejidatarios de Bonfil Alfredo V. Bonfil, Quintana Roo La Parcela 1,000 – – Felinos 48 Reforma, Chiapas Cancha Unidad y Compromiso 600 –  – Inter Playa del Carmen Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo Unidad Deportiva Mario Villanueva Madrid 7,500 Inter Playa del Carmen — ISG Sport Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche Unidad Deportiva 20 de Noviembre 1,000 –  – Mons Calpe Yucatán Mérida, Yucatán Unidad Deportiva SNTSS Dr. Oscar Hammeken 500 Mons Calpe – Pampaneros de Champotón Champotón, Campeche Nou Camp Champotón 1,000 –  – Pioneros Junior Cancún, Quintana Roo Cancún 86 6,390 Cancún — Progreso Progreso, Yucatán 20 de Noviembre 3,000 Venados — League table Group 2 Group with 14 teams from Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Veracruz. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Alebrijes de Oaxaca Oaxaca City, Oaxaca Tecnológico de Oaxaca 14,598 Alebrijes de Oaxaca – Antequera Oaxaca City, Oaxaca Tecnológico de Oaxaca 14,598 – – Artesanos Bajos de Chila Villahermosa, Tabasco Olímpico de Villahermosa 12,000 Artesanos Metepec – Atlético Ixtepec Ixtepec, Oaxaca Brena Torres 1,000 — – CEFOR Chiapas Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas Flor de Sospo 3,000 – – Cruz Azul Lagunas Lagunas, Oaxaca Cruz Azul 2,000 Cruz Azul – Delfines de Coatzacoalcos Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz Rafael Hernández Ochoa 4,800 – – Dragones de Oaxaca Zimatlán de Álvarez, Oaxaca Unidad Deportiva Ignacio Mejía 1,000 – – Estudiantes del COBACH Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas Víctor Manuel Reyna 29,001 – – Lechuzas UPGCH Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas Flor de Sospo 3,000 – – Milenarios de Oaxaca San Pablo Villa de Mitla, Oaxaca Municipal San Pablo Villa de Mitla 1,000 – – Pijijiapan Pijijiapan, Chiapas Jaime Escobar Cinco 1,000 – Iguanas Tapachula Soconusco Tapachula, Chiapas Olímpico de Tapachula 18,017 Tapachula Soconusco – Universidad del Sureste Comitán de Domínguez, Chiapas Centro de Formación UDS 500 — — League table Group 3 Group with 16 teams from Puebla and Veracruz. Teams {{Location map+ |Mexico Puebla |width=350|float=right |caption=Location of teams in the 2024–25 Liga TDP Group 3 (Puebla and Tlaxcala) |places= Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Académicos UGM Orizaba, Veracruz Universitario UGM 1,500 — — Águila Azteca Chocamán, Veracruz El Mariscal 2,000 – – Atlético Boca del Río Veracruz City, Veracruz Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz 1,000 – – Caballeros de Córdoba Córdoba, Veracruz Rafael Murillo Vidal 3,800 — — Conejos de Tuxtepec Tuxtepec, Oaxaca Gustavo Pacheco Villaseñor 15,000 — — Córdoba Córdoba, Veracruz Rafael Murillo Vidal 3,800 — – Delfines UGM Nogales, Veracruz UGM Nogales 1,500 — — Delta Tehuacán, Puebla Polideportivo La Huizachera 1,000 — — Guerreros de Puebla Puebla, Puebla Unidad Deportiva Mario Vázquez Raña 800 – – Licántropos Cuautinchán, Puebla Campos El Cóndor 500 — — Lobos Puebla Tepeaca, Puebla Parque de la Familia 500 — — Los Ángeles Puebla, Puebla Unidad Deportiva Mario Vázquez Raña 800 — — Ocelot Academy MX Mazatecochco, Tlaxcala San José del Agua 1,000  –  Tlapa PDLA San Pedro Cholula, Puebla Unidad Deportiva San Pedro Cholula 1,000 – – Reales de Puebla Amozoc, Puebla Unidad Deportiva Chachapa 1,000 — — Tehuacán Tehuacán, Puebla Polideportivo La Huizachera 1,000 — — League table Group 4 Group with 16 teams from Greater Mexico City. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Academia Atlas Velódromo Iztacalco, Mexico City Magdalena Mixhuca Sports City Ground 1 500 Atlas Santiago Tulantepec Álamos Iztacalco, Mexico City Magdalena Mixhuca Sports City Ground 1 500 Guadalajara – Aragón Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City Deportivo Francisco Zarco 1,000 Atlético Aragón – Atlante Chalco Tultitlán, State of Mexico ESMAC 1,000 Atlante – Atlético Mexicano Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City Deportivo Eduardo Molina 500 –  – Aztecas AMF Soccer Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City Deportivo Francisco Zarco 1,000 – – Cañoneros Ecatepec de Morelos, State of Mexico Bicentenario Siervo de la Nación 1,000 – – Cefor Cuauhtémoc Blanco Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City Deportivo Los Galeana 1,000 – – Cefor Mexiquense Ecatepec, State of Mexico Revolución 30-30 1,000 –  Ecatepec  Ecatepec de Morelos, State of Mexico  Guadalupe Victoria  1,000  –  – Independiente Mexiquense Huehuetoca, State of Mexico 12 de Mayo 1,500 – – Formación Metropolitana Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City Deportivo Francisco Zarco 1,000 –  – Muxes Iztacalco, Mexico City Deportivo Lázaro Cárdenas 1,000 – – Oceanía Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City Deportivo Oceanía 1,000 – – Sangre de Campeón Tultitlán, State of Mexico Cancha Nou Camp 1,000 – – Unión  Ecatepec, State of Mexico  Titanium Soccer  500  –  – League table Group 5 Group with 16 teams from Greater Mexico City. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Academia América Leyendas Coyoacán, Mexico City Magdalena Mixhuca Sports City Ground 1 1,000 – San José del Arenal Academia Mineros CDMX Iztacalco, Mexico City Magdalena Mixhuca Sports City Ground 1 500 – CH Fútbol Club Arietes Xochimilco, Mexico City San Isidro 1,200  – – Cefor Mario Gálvez Milpa Alta, Mexico City Momoxco 3,500 – – Cefor Muxes Iztacalco, Mexico City Deportivo Lázaro Cárdenas 1,000 – Valle de Xico F.C. Coyotes F.C. Xochimilco, Mexico City Deportivo Huayamilpas 1,000  – CILESI Coyotes Neza Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City Deportivo Oceanía 1,000 – Halcones Zúñiga Cuemanco Benito Juárez, Mexico City Deportivo Benito Juárez 800 – Atlético Pachuca Domínguez Osos Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City Deportivo Lázaro Cárdenas 1,000 –  – Halcones de Rayón Tlalpan, Mexico City Tec de Monterrey Campus CDMX 500 – – Héroes de Zaci  Xochimilco, Mexico City San Isidro 1,200 – – Irapuato Olimpo Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City Deportivo Oceanía 1,000 Irapuato – Juárez Xochimilco, Mexico City San Isidro La Noria 1,200 Juárez – Novillos Neza Iztacalco, Mexico City Magdalena Mixhuca Sports City Ground 3 500 – – Panteras Neza Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City Deportivo Lázaro Cárdenas 1,000 – Azucareros de Tezonapa Politécnico Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City Deportivo Leandro Valle 1,000 – – League table Group 6 Group with 12 teams from Hidalgo, Michoacán and State of Mexico. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Artesanos Metepec Metepec, State of Mexico La Hortaliza 2,000 Artesanos Metepec – Astilleros Huixquilucan de Degollado, State of Mexico Alberto Pérez Navarro 3,000 – – CID Leones Negros Toluca Ixtlahuaca de Rayón, State of Mexico Deportivo El Picoso 1,000 – Grupo Sherwood Cordobés Huixquilucan de Degollado, State of Mexico Alberto Pérez Navarro 3,000 Cordobés – Estudiantes Atlacomulco, State of Mexico Municipal de Atlacomulco 2,000 – – Eurosoccer Toluca, State of Mexico Unidad Deportiva San Antonio Buenavista 1,000 – Deportivo Metepec Fuerza Mazahua Metepec, State of Mexico Jesús Lara 1,000 – – Leones Huixquilucan Huixquilucan de Degollado, State of Mexico Alberto Pérez Navarro 3,000 – – Luma Sports Santa María Zolotepec, State of Mexico Luma Sports 1,000 – – Orishas Tepeji Tepeji, Hidalgo Tepeji 2,000 – – Unión Campesinos Cuautitlán, State of Mexico La Virgen 1,000 – – Zitácuaro Zitácuaro, Michoacán Ignacio López Rayón 10,000 Zitácuaro – League table Group 7 Group with 13 teams from Guerrero, Mexico City, Morelos and State of Mexico. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Águilas UAGro Chilpancingo, Guerrero UAGro 2,000 – – Alebrijes CDMX Tlalpan, Mexico City Colegio México 500 Alebrijes de Oaxaca – Arroceros Jojutla Jojutla, Morelos Unidad Deportiva La Perseverancia 1,000 – Académicos Jojutla Atlético Inter Capital Benito Juárez, Mexico City Centro Deportivo Benito Juárez 800 – – Atlético Real Morelos Cuernavaca, Morelos Deportivo La Lagunilla 1,000 – – Caudillos de Morelos Emiliano Zapata, Morelos General Emiliano Zapata 2,000 – Caudillos de Morelos Ciervos Chalco, State of Mexico Arreola 3,217 Ciervos – Escuela Necaxa Coyoacán Milpa Alta, Mexico City Momoxco 3,500 – Colegio Once México FORMAFUTINTEGRAL Ixtapaluca, State of Mexico Campo La Era 1,000 – – Iguala Iguala, Guerrero Unidad Deportiva Iguala 4,000 – – Selva Cañera Zacatepec, Morelos Agustín Coruco Díaz 24,313 Zacatepec – Tigres Yautepec Yautepec, Morelos Unidad Deportiva San Carlos 1,500 – Atlético Cuernavaca Zapata Emiliano Zapata, Morelos General Emiliano Zapata 2,000 – Caudillos de Morelos League table Group 8 Group with 14 teams from Hidalgo, Mexico City, State of Mexico and Tlaxcala. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Águilas de Teotitihuacán San Martín de las Pirámides, State of Mexico Deportivo Braulio Romero 1,000 – – Alebrijes Teotihuacán San Juan Teotihuacán, State of Mexico Centro Deportivo Pascual 1,000 Alebrijes de Oaxaca – Atlético Toltecas Tula, Hidalgo Parque Infantil La Tortuga 1,000 – – Balam Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City Deportivo Eduardo Molina 1,000 Faraones de Texcoco – Bombarderos de Tecámac Tecámac, State of Mexico Deportivo Sierra Hermosa 1,000 – – Deportivo JEM Mazatecochco, Tlaxcala San José del Agua 1,000  –  Unión Magdalena Contreras Faraones de Texcoco Chicoloapan de Juárez, State of Mexico La Copalera 1,000 Faraones de Texcoco – Halcones Negros Chicoloapan de Juárez, State of Mexico Unidad Deportiva San José 1,000 – – Hidalguense Pachuca, Hidalgo Club Hidalguense 600 – – Lilo San Juan Zitlaltepec, State of Mexico San Juan Zitlaltepec 1,500 – Matamoros Lonsdaleíta Pachuca, Hidalgo Revolución Mexicana 3,500 – – Pachuca San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo Universidad del Fútbol 1,000 Pachuca – Toros Tlaxco Tlaxco, Tlaxcala Nou Camp Maracaná 500 – Atlético Tulancingo Tuzos Pachuca San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo Universidad del Fútbol 1,000 Pachuca – League table Group 9 Group with 9 teams from Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Atlético Huejutla Tlanchinol, Hidalgo Unidad Deportiva Cruz Blanca 1,000 – – Atlético Poza Rica Poza Rica, Veracruz 18 de Marzo 2,000 – Papanes de Papantla Garzas Blancas  Axtla de Terrazas, San Luis Potosí  Garzas Blancas  1,500  –  Bucaneros de Matamoros Huastecos Axtla  Axtla de Terrazas, San Luis Potosí  Garzas Blancas  1,500 – Guerreros Reynosa Manta Rayas Tierra Blanca, Veracruz La Masa 1,000 – – Orgullo Surtam  Tampico, Tamaulipas  Tamaulipas  19,667  –  – Sultanes de Tamazunchale  Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosí  Unidad Deportiva Tamazunchale 2,000  –  – Tantoyuca  Tantoyuca, Veracruz  Campo ADA 1,000  –  – Venados de Misantla Misantla, Veracruz Unidad Deportiva El Zotoluco 1,000 – – League table Group 10 Group with 14 teams from Guanajuato and Querétaro. {{Location map+ |Mexico Querétaro |width=450|float=right |caption=Location of teams in the 2024–25 Liga TDP Group 10 (Querétaro)|places= Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Celaya  Celaya, Guanajuato  Miguel Alemán Valdés  23,182  Celaya  – Celaya Linces Comonfort, Guanajuato Brígido Vargas 4,000 – – Delegon Cadereyta  Cadereyta de Montes, Querétaro  Unidad Deportiva Cadereyta  1,200  – Cañada CTM Estudiantes de Querétaro Querétaro, Querétaro Hacienda Dolores 1,000 – – Fundadores El Marqués Santa Rosa, Querétaro Parque Bicentenario 2,000 – – Inter de Querétaro  Santa Rosa, Querétaro Parque Bicentenario 2,000 – – Inter Guanajuato Guanajuato City, Guanajuato Arnulfo Vázquez Nieto 1,000 – – Inter Corregidora Santa Rosa, Querétaro Parque Bicentenario 2,000 – Querétaro 3D Leyendas Guanajuato City, Guanajuato Nieto Piña UG 1,000 – Mayas Hunucmá Lobos ITECA Querétaro, Querétaro Unidad Deportiva Reforma Lomas 1,000 – – Mineros Querétaro Colón, Querétaro Universidad CEICKOR 500 Mineros de Zacatecas – Oro La Piedad Querétaro Querétaro, Querétaro El Infiernillo 1,000 – – San Juan del Río San Juan del Río, Querétaro Unidad Deportiva Norte 1,000 – – Titanes de Querétaro San José Iturbide, Guanajuato Unidad Deportiva San José Iturbide 1,000 – – League table Group 11 Group with 10 teams from Guanajuato and Michoacán. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Atlético Morelia – Universidad Michoacana Morelia, Michoacán Universitario UMSNH 4,000 Atlético Morelia – Atlético Valladolid  Morelia, Michoacán  Complejo Deportivo Bicentenario 1,000 – – Bucaneros Maravatío, Michoacán Unidad Deportiva Melchor Ocampo 1,000 – – Delfines de Abasolo Abasolo, Guanajuato Municipal de Abasolo 2,500 – – Deportivo Sahuayo Sahuayo, Michoacán Unidad Deportiva Francisco García Vilchis 1,500 – Michoacán F.C. Deportivo Zamora  Zamora, Michoacán  Unidad Deportiva El Chamizal  5,000  –  – Furia Azul  Pátzcuaro, Michoacán  Furia Azul  3,000  –  – H2O Purépechas Morelia, Michoacán Cancha Anexa Estadio Morelos 2,000 Atlético Morelia – Halcones AFU Uruapan, Michoacán Unidad Deportiva Hermanos López Rayón 6,000 Halcones Halcones La Piedad Imperial La Piedad, Michoacán Juan N. López 13,356 –  – League table Group 12 Group with 15 teams from Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Jalisco, San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas. Teams {{Location map+ |Mexico Guanajuato |width=300|float=right |caption=Location of teams in the 2024–25 Liga TDP Group 12 (Guanajuato and Jalisco)|places= Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Atlético ECCA León, Guanajuato CODE Las Joyas 1,000 – – Atlético Leonés León, Guanajuato CODE Las Joyas 1,000 – – Cachorros de León León, Guanajuato CODE Las Joyas 1,000 – Fut-Car Empresarios del Rincón Purísima del Rincón, Guanajuato Unidad Deportiva de Purísima 1,000 – Real Olmeca Sport Irapuato Irapuato, Guanajuato Sergio León Chávez 20,000 Irapuato – León GEN Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco Complejo Deportivo GEN 2,000 León – Leyendas Unidas León, Guanajuato Parque Metropolitano 500 – Jaral del Progreso Magos del Rincón Purísima del Rincón, Guanajuato Unidad Deportiva de Purísima 1,000 – – Mineros de Zacatecas Zacatecas, Zacatecas Unidad Deportiva Guadalupe 1,000 Mineros de Zacatecas – Necaxa Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Casa Club Necaxa 1,000 Necaxa  – Pabellón Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Ferrocarrilero 2,000 – – Potosinos San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí Unidad Deportiva Adolfo López Mateos 1,000 – – Santa Ana del Conde Santa Ana del Conde, Guanajuato El Roble 500 – Real Magari Suré León, Guanajuato CODE Las Joyas 1,000 – – Tuzos UAZ Zacatecas, Zacatecas Universitario Unidad Deportiva Norte 5,000 Tuzos UAZ – League table Group 13 Group with 14 teams from Jalisco. Teams {{Location map+ |Mexico Jalisco |width=500|float=right |caption=Location of teams in the 2024–25 Liga TDP Group 13 |places= Team City Home ground Capacity AffiliateOfficial Name Acatlán Zapotlanejo, Jalisco Miguel Hidalgo 1,700 Acatlán – Agaveros Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco Deportivo del Valle 1,000 – – Alfareros de Tonalá Tonalá, Jalisco Deportivo Jalisciense 1,000 – – Aves Blancas Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco Corredor Industrial 1,200 – – Elite Azteca Zapopan, Jalisco Centro de Alto Rendimiento Tapatíos 1,000 – Pro Camp Gorilas de Juanacatlán Juanacatlán, Jalisco Club Juanacatlán 500 – – Leones Negros UdeG Zapopan, Jalisco Club Deportivo U. de G. 3,000 Leones Negros UdeG – Nacional Tlaquepaque, Jalisco Unidad Deportiva Froc 1,000 – – Salamanca  Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco Gregorio "Tepa" Gómez 8,085  Salamanca CF UDS  – Tapatíos Soccer Zapopan, Jalisco Centro de Alto Rendimiento Tapatíos 1,000 – – Tecos Zapopan, Jalisco Cancha Anexa Tres de Marzo 1,000 Tecos – Tepatitlán Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco Gregorio "Tepa" Gómez 8,085 Tepatitlán – League table Group 14 Group with 14 teams from Colima and Jalisco. Teams {{Location map+ |Mexico Jalisco |width=500|float=right |caption=Location of teams in the 2024–25 Liga TDP Group 14 |places= Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Aviña Zapopan, Jalisco Centro de Alto Rendimiento Tapatíos 1,000 – – Catedráticos Elite Etzatlán, Jalisco Unidad Deportiva Etzatlán 1,000 Petroleros de Salamanca – Charales de Chapala Chapala, Jalisco Municipal Juan Rayo 1,200 – – Deportivo Tala Tala, Jalisco Centro Deportivo Cultural 24 de Marzo 2,000 – Volcanes de Colima Diablos Tesistán Zapopan, Jalisco Club Diablos Tesistán 1,000 – – Fénix CFAR San Isidro Mazatepec, Jalisco La Fortaleza 1,000 – – Gallos Viejos Zapopan, Jalisco Club Pumas Tesistán 1,000 – – Guerreros de Autlán Autlán, Jalisco Unidad Deportiva Chapultepec 1,500 –  – Legado del Centenario  Guadalajara, Jalisco  Unidad Deportiva Cuauhtémoc 1,000  –  – Oro Tonalá, Jalisco Unidad Deportiva Revolución Mexicana 3,000 – – Osos Deportivo CMG Zapopan, Jalisco Deportivo Corona 1,000 – Deportivo Cimagol Real Ánimas de Sayula Sayula, Jalisco Gustavo Díaz Ordaz 4,000 – – Tornados Tlaquepaque Tlaquepaque, Jalisco Pumitas Arceo 500 – Caja Oblatos Ynjer Cuauhtémoc Cuauhtémoc, Colima Unidad Deportiva Cuauhtémoc 1,000 Acatlán Acatlán Cuauhtémoc League table Group 15 Group with 11 teams from Jalisco, Nayarit and Sinaloa. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Atlético Acaponeta Acaponeta, Nayarit Unidad Deportiva Acaponeta 1,000 – – Atlético Nayarit Tepic, Nayarit Unidad Deportiva Sufacen 1,000 – – Atlético Punto Sur Tlajomulco, Jalisco Campo Punto Sur 500 – AFAR Manzanillo Castores Gobrantacto Zapopan, Jalisco Deportivo Solares 1,000 – – Dorados de Sinaloa Culiacán, Sinaloa Unidad Deportiva SAGARPA 2,000 Dorados de Sinaloa – Guaymas Zapopan, Jalisco Club Pumas Tesistán 500 – – Halcones de Nayarit Tepic, Nayarit Halcones 1,000 – – Moncaro Tequila, Jalisco Unidad Deportiva 24 de Enero 1,000 – – Puerto Vallarta Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco Ejidal La Preciosa 2,000 – – Tigres de Álica Tepic, Nayarit Nicolás Álvarez Ortega 12,271 Tigres de Álica – Xalisco Xalisco, Nayarit Unidad Deportiva Landareñas 1,500 – – League table Group 16 Group with 14 teams from Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. Teams {{Location map+ |Mexico Nuevo León |width=300|float=right |caption=Location of teams in the 2024–25 Liga TDP Group 16 (Nuevo León)|places= Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Cadereyta  Cadereyta, Nuevo León  Clemente Salinas Netro 1,000  –  – Calor Torreón Gómez Palacio, Durango Unidad Deportiva Francisco Gómez Palacio 4,000 Calor – Correcaminos UAT  Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas  Professor Eugenio Alvizo Porras  5,000 Correcaminos UAT – Escobedo General Escobedo, Nuevo León Deportivo Lázaro Cárdenas 1,000 – Real San Cosme Gallos Nuevo León Monterrey, Nuevo León Nuevo León Independiente 1,000 – – Gavilanes de Matamoros  Matamoros, Tamaulipas  El Hogar  22,000  Gavilanes de Matamoros  Ho Gar H. Matamoros Halcones de Saltillo Saltillo, Coahuila Olímpico Francisco I. Madero 7,000 – San Isidro Laguna Irritilas San Pedro, Coahuila Quinta Ximena 1,000 – – Leones de Nuevo León General Escobedo, Nuevo León Poldeportivo Tigres 1,000 – Campeche F.C. Nuevo León  San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León  Unidad Deportiva Oriente 1,000  –  – Real Apodaca Apodaca, Nuevo León Centenario del Ejército Mexicano 2,000 Real Apodaca – Saltillo Soccer Saltillo, Coahuila Olímpico Francisco I. Madero 7,000 – – San Pedro 7–10 San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León  Sporti Valle Poniente 500 – – Santiago Santiago, Nuevo León FCD El Barrial 1,300 Santiago – League table Group 17 Group with 11 teams from Baja California, Chihuahua and Sonora. Teams Team City Home ground Capacity Affiliate Official Name Atlético Tijuana Tijuana, Baja California Unidad Deportiva Reforma 1,000 – – Búhos UNISON  Hermosillo, Sonora Miguel Castro Servín 4,000 –  – Cachanillas Mexicali, Baja California Eduardo "Boticas" Pérez 2,000 – – CEPROFFA Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua CEPROFFA 1,000 – – Cimarrones de Sonora Hermosillo, Sonora Unidad Deportiva La Milla 1,000 Cimarrones de Sonora – Cobras Fut Premier Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Complejo Temop Axis 500 – – Datileros de San Luis RC San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora El Musical 1,000 –  – Etchojoa Etchojoa, Sonora Trigueros 1,500 – – La Tribu de Ciudad Juárez Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Complejo La Tribu 500 – – Obson Dynamo Ciudad Obregón, Sonora Hundido ITSON 3,000 – – Xolos Hermosillo Hermosillo, Sonora Cancha Aarón Gamal Aguirre Fimbres 1,000 Tijuana – League table Promotion Play–offs The Promotion Play–offs will consist of seven phases. Classify 64 teams, the number varies according to the number of teams in each group, being between three and eight clubs per group. The country will be divided into two zones: South Zone (Groups 1 to 8) and North Zone (Groups 9 to 17). Eliminations will be held according to the average obtained by each team, being ordered from best to worst by their percentage throughout the season. As of 2020–21 season, the names of the knockout stages were modified as follows: Round of 32, Round of 16, Quarter-finals, Semifinals, Zone Final and Final, this as a consequence of the division of the country into two zones, for so the teams only face clubs from the same region until the final series. Reserve and Development Teams Each season a table is created among those teams that don't have the right to promote, because they are considered as reserve teams for teams that play in Liga MX, Liga de Expansión and Liga Premier or are independent teams that have requested not to participate for the Promotion due to the fact that they are footballers development projects. The ranking order is determined through the "quotient", which is obtained by dividing the points obtained between the disputed matches, being ordered from highest to lowest. Starting this season, the league decided to divide these teams into two regions, as it happens with the promotion play-offs, so in the final phase the teams will only face rivals from their region, until reaching the national final, which will pit the two regional champions of this modality of the league against each other. Tables South Zone P Team Pts G Pts/G GD 1 Atlético Quintanarroense 0 0 .000 0 2 Boston Cancún 0 0 .000 0 3 Deportiva Venados 0 0 .000 0 4 Alebrijes de Oaxaca 0 0 .000 0 5 Artesanos Bajos de Chila 0 0 .000 0 6 Aragón 0 0 .000 0 7 Atlante Chalco 0 0 .000 0 8 Cañoneros 0 0 .000 0 9 Irapuato Olimpo 0 0 .000 0 10 Juárez 0 0 .000 0 11 Artesanos Metepec 0 0 .000 0 12 Zitácuaro 0 0 .000 0 13 Alebrijes CDMX 0 0 .000 0 14 Ciervos 0 0 .000 0 15 Alebrijes Teotihuacán 0 0 .000 0 16 Balam 0 0 .000 0 17 Faraones de Texcoco 0 0 .000 0 18 Pachuca 0 0 .000 0 Last updated: September 4, 2024 Source: Liga TDPP = Position; G = Games played; Pts = Points; Pts/G = Ratio of points to games played; GD = Goal difference North Zone P Team Pts G Pts/G GD 1 Celaya 0 0 .000 0 2 Mineros Querétaro 0 0 .000 0 3 Inter de Querétaro 0 0 .000 0 4 Inter Guanajuato 0 0 .000 0 5 Atlético Morelia–Universidad Michoacana 0 0 .000 0 6 Halcones AFU 0 0 .000 0 7 Irapuato 0 0 .000 0 8 León GEN 0 0 .000 0 9 Mineros de Zacatecas 0 0 .000 0 10 Necaxa 0 0 .000 0 11 Acatlán 0 0 .000 0 12 Leones Negros UdeG 0 0 .000 0 13 Tecos 0 0 .000 0 14 Ynjer Cuauhtémoc 0 0 .000 0 15 Atlético Acaponeta 0 0 .000 0 16 Atlético Nayarit 0 0 .000 0 17 Dorados de Sinaloa 0 0 .000 0 18 Tigres de Álica 0 0 .000 0 19 Calor Torreón 0 0 .000 0 20 Correcaminos UAT 0 0 .000 0 21 Real Apodaca 0 0 .000 0 22 Cimarrones de Sonora 0 0 .000 0 23 Xolos Hermosillo 0 0 .000 0 24 Tornados Tlaquepaque 0 0 .000 0 Last updated: September 4, 2024 Source: Liga TDPP = Position; G = Games played; Pts = Points; Pts/G = Ratio of points to games played; GD = Goal difference See also 2024–25 Liga MX season 2024–25 Liga de Expansión MX season 2024–25 Serie A de México season 2024–25 Serie B de México season 2024 Copa Promesas MX References External links Official website of Liga TDP 1

2024–25 Thai League 3 Northeastern Region

The 2024–25 Thai League 3 Northeastern Region is part of the 2024–25 Thai League 3 Regional Stage, consisting of 11 clubs located in the northeastern region (Isan) of Thailand. The season will commence on 14 September 2024, with clubs competing in a round-robin format featuring home-and-away matches. The Regional Stage will conclude on TBD, at which point the top two clubs will advance to the National Championship Stage, while the bottom-placed club will face relegation to the Thailand Semi-pro League for the following season. This stage celebrates the enduring passion for football in Isan, where communities embrace the sport as a vital part of their regional identity and pride. Seasonal Changes Promotion from Thailand Semi-pro League Roi Et PB United was promoted from the Thailand Semi-pro League and will make its debut in the Northeastern Region for the 2024–25 season. Promotion to Thai League 2 Sisaket United and Mahasarakham SBT achieved promotion to Thai League 2, having finished as the national runners-up and third place, respectively. Both clubs will be missed in this region, where they were top performers. Relegation based on performance Nakhon Ratchasima United was relegated to the Thailand Semi-pro League after finishing last in the Northeastern Region during the 2023–24 season. Teams Number of teams by province PositionProvinceNumberTeams12Khon Kaen and Khon Kaen Mordindang2Surin City and Surin Khong Chee Mool51Muang Loei United1Rasisalai United1Roi Et PB United1Suranaree Black Cat1Ubon Kruanapat1Udon United1Yasothon Stadiums and locations Team Location StadiumKhon Kaen PAO. StadiumStadium of Khon Kaen UniversityStadium of Loei Rajabhat UniversitySisaket Provincial StadiumRoi Et Province StadiumSuranaree StadiumSri Narong StadiumStadium of Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin CampusUBRU Happiness StadiumStadium of Thailand National Sports University, Udon Thani CampusYasothon PAO. Stadium Road travel distances between clubs The distances between football clubs in the 2024–25 Thai League 3 Northeastern Region are approximate and calculated based on the most convenient and shortest practical road routes. These measurements prioritize routes that balance proximity and ease of travel, avoiding too indirect or inconvenient paths despite their shorter distance. By focusing on practical road travel, this chart reflects the real-world journey clubs will undertake for away matches, considering the road infrastructure and conditions in northeastern Thailand. This provides valuable insight into the logistical challenges clubs face during the season and is an essential resource for planning travel for clubs and their supporters. Among the distances calculated, the shortest road journey between clubs is approximately 4 kilometers, marking the trip between Surin City and Surin Khong Chee Mool. Conversely, the longest road journey spans 507 kilometers, between Muang Loei United and Ubon Kruanapat. In terms of total travel distances over the season, Muang Loei United faces the most extensive journey, covering approximately 3,498 kilometers, while Roi Et PB United has the least travel, totaling around 1,754 kilometers. These travel disparities are presented in the accompanying table, offering a detailed breakdown of road distances between each club and providing valuable insights into the logistical demands clubs face in the 2024–25 season. FromTo (km)TotalKKNKKMMLURSLREUSBCSRCKCMUBKUDUYSTKhon Kaen—92162631191912292382831291921,869Khon Kaen Mordindang9—2152761251982362442971221961,918Muang Loei United216215—4743363444244325071434073,498Rasisalai United263276474—153282105113693921072,234Roi Et PB United119125336153—238150152171239711,754Suranaree Black Cat191198344282238—1731763783172772,574Surin City229236424105150173—41733661412,001Surin Khong Chee Mool2382444321131521764—1813731442,057Ubon Kruanapat28329750769171378173181—4081002,567Udon United129122143392239317366373408—3072,796Yasothon19219640710771277141144100307—1,942 Personnel and sponsoring Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality; Club dissolved during season would shown by grey background. TeamManagerCaptainKitKhon Kaen Pichet SuphomuangTBA Grand SportKhon Kaen Mordindang Anucha ChuaysriTBA TW SportSuranaree Black Cat Potsawee Meepoungpin Supawat Srithong 2S SportRasisalai United Arnon Bandasak Energy SportSurin City Tanut Pattaramaneesre MySport DesignSurin Khong Chee Mool Apisit Im-Amphai Energy SportMuang Loei United Teeratada Chumrus PB DesignUbon Kruanapat Kittiyuth Phutthakru CharlengerUdon United Surachai JirasirichoteTBA Ego SportYasothon Foreign players A T3 team could register 3 foreign players from foreign players all around the world. A team can use 3 foreign players on the field in each game. {|class="unsortable" |- | style="width:15px; background:#ffdddd;"| ||Other foreign players. |- | style="width:15px; background:#ffffdd;"| ||AFC member countries players. |- | style="width:15px; background:#ddffdd;"| ||ASEAN member countries players. |- | style="width:15px; background:#c8ccd1;"| ||No foreign player registered. |} ClubLegPlayer 1Player 2Player 3Khon Kaen1st2ndKhon Kaen Mordindang1st2ndMuang Loei United1st2ndRasisalai United1st2ndRoi Et PB United1st2ndSuranaree Black Cat1st2ndSurin City1st2ndSurin Khong Chee Mool1st2ndUbon Kruanapat1st2ndUdon United1st2ndYasothon1st2nd League table Standings Positions by round Results by round Results Season statistics Top scorers As of . RankPlayerClubGoals Hat-tricks Player For Against Result Date Clean sheets As of. RankPlayerClubCleansheets Attendances Overall statistical table Attendances by home match played Team \ Match played1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total References External links Official website of Thai League Category:Thai League 3 3

Dolly Fox

Yolande Dolly Fox Campbell, known professionally as Dolly Fox, is an American actress, producer, and philanthropist. Early life and family Fox is the daughter of Matthew M. Fox, the former vice president of Universal Pictures, and Yolande Betbeze Fox, a singer and activist who was crowned Miss America 1951. Her father died of a heart attack in 1964. Her mother purchased the Newton D. Baker House in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. from Michael Whitney Straight and Nina Gore Auchincloss and Fox spent the remainder of her childhood here, and in Paris and Los Angeles. The mansion had previously been the residence of Jacqueline Kennedy after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963. As a child, Fox visited her maternal grandmother, Ethel Betbeze, in Point Clear, Alabama. Career Fox performed as a stage actress in productions at the Red Mountain Theater Company in Birmingham, Alabama. She also modeled and was an editor for Andy Warhol's magazine Interview. She is the founder and executive producer of Y.D. Fox Entertainment, a company that produces films, television shows, and stage productions. She also runs a business mentoring youth pursuing the theater. Fox serves as an advisory board member for the Felix Organization, a non-profit organization benefiting foster children in New York. Fox is a member of the Actors' Equity Association, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, and the Screen Actors Guild. Fox produced a musical showcase fundraiser at The Cutting Room in New York City featuring performances by N'Kenge, Jahzara Martin, Darryl McDaniels, and Alexa Ray Joel. In 2019, Fox served as a judge for the Miss Alabama pageant in Birmingham. In June 2024, she joined the producing team for the Broadway play Dorothy Dandridge! The Musical. Personal life Fox married the American blues musician John Campbell in 1991. Her husband died in 1993. She has one daughter, Yolande Paris Campbell Grace. Fox lives in New York City. References Category:Living people Category:American people of Basque descent Category:American people of Jewish descent Category:American stage actresses Category:American theatre managers and producers Category:American women philanthropists Category:Basque actresses Category:People associated with The Factory

List of Psi Iota Xi chapters

Psi Iota Xi is a women's philanthropic and cultural sorority with chapters throughout the midwestern United States. The sorority was formed in 1897 at Central High School in Muncie, Indiania. It was originally a high school sorority but changed to become a community-based sorority after Indiana state laws prohibited Greek letter societies in public schools. Following is an incomplete chapter list, with active chapters indicated in bold and inactive chapters in italics. NumberChapterCharter date and rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences1AlphaCentral High SchoolMuncie, IndianaActive2BetaEvansville High SchoolEvansville, IndianaInactive3GammaNorth High SchoolColumbus, OhioInactive4Delta1903Shortridge High SchoolIndianapolis, IndianaInactive5EpsilonColumbus High SchoolColumbus, IndianaActive"Southeast District". Helicon. CXVIII: 52-59. November 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2024 – via Psi Iota Xi.6Zeta – April 11, 1907; June 26, 1908Bloomington High SchoolBloomington, IndianaActive"Southwest District". Helicon. CXVIII: 60-66. November 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2024 – via Psi Iota Xi.7EtaSteele High SchoolDayton, OhioInactve8ThetaNew Castle, IndianaInactive9IotaRushville, IndianaActive10KappaKokomo, IndianaActive"East Central District". Helicon. CXVIII: 39-44. November 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2024 – via Psi Iota Xi.11Lambda19xx ?Bedford, IndianaInactve12Mu19xx ?Columbus, IndianaInactive13?Nu?Richmond, IndianaInactve14Xi191x ?Inactive15Omicron191x ?Inactive16PsiFort Wayne, IndianaActive"Norheast District". Helicon. CXVIII: 27-32. November 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2024 – via Psi Iota Xi.17RhoAngola, IndianaActive18Sigma1917Greensburg, IndianaActive19Tau19xx ?Inactive20UpsilonGreenfield, IndianaActive21PhiHuntington, IndianaActive22ChiBrookston, IndianaActive"Norhwest District". Helicon. CXVIII: 33-38. November 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2024 – via Psi Iota Xi.23Psi192x ?Inactive24OmegaLebanon, IndianaActive"West Central District". Helicon. CXVIII: 45-51. November 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2024 – via Psi Iota Xi.25Alpha Alpha192x ?Inactive26Alpha BetaSeymour, IndianaActive27Alpha Gamma192x ?Inactive28Alpha DeltaDecatur, IndianaActive29Alpha Epsilon192x ?IndianaInactive30Alpha Zeta1923Thorntown, IndianaActive31Alpha EtaBluffton, IndianaActive32Alpha ThetaCharlestown, IndianaActive33Alpha Iota1924Richmond, IndianaActive34Alpha Kappa192x ?Franklin, IndianaInactive35Alpha Lambda1924Zionsville, IndianaActive36Alpha Mu1925Hartford City, IndianaActive37Alpha Nu192x ?Markle, IndianaInactive38Alpha XiLogansport, IndianaActive39Alpha OmicronVincennes, IndianaActive40Alpha PiScottsburg, IndianaActive41Alpha RhoGarrett, IndianaActive42Alpha Sigma192x ?Princeton, IndianaInactive43Alpha Tau1927Petersburg, IndianaInactive44Alpha Upsilon192x ?Inactive45Alpha PhiFortville, IndianaActive46Alpha ChiHagerstown, IndianaActive47Alpha PsiWashington, IndianaActive48Alpha OmegaNorth Vernon, IndianaActive49Beta AlphaFlora, IndianaActive50Beta BetaSullivan, IndianaActive51Beta GammaPeru, IndianaActive52Beta DeltaVan Wert, OhioActive53Beta EpsilonMentone, IndianaActive54Beta Zeta1930Summitville, IndianaActive55Beta Eta193x ?Richmond, IndianaInactive57Beta Iota1932Farmland, IndianaActive58Beta Kappa1933Bloomfield, IndianaInactive59Beta LambdaBedford, IndianaActive60Beta MuBrownstown, IndianaActive61Beta Nu193x ?East Chicago, IndianaInactive62Beta XiCrown Point, IndianaActive63Beta Omicron193x ?Inactive64Beta PiCambridge City, IndianaActive65Beta RhoGoshen, IndianaActive66Beta SigmaAustin, IndianaActive67Beta TauFrankfort, IndianaActive68Beta UpsilonMount Vernon, OhioActive69Beta PhiShelbyville, IndianaActive70Beta Chi193x ?Crown Point, IndianaInactive71Beta PsiDelphi, IndianaActive72Beta Omega19xx ?New Albany, IndianaInactive73Gamma AlphaPortland, IndianaActive74Gamma BetaRemington, IndianaActive75Gamma Gamma194x ?Inactive76Gamma DeltaAttica, IndianaActive77Gamma Epsilon194x ?Inactive78Gamma ZetaOssian, IndianaActive79Gamma EtaKnightstown, IndianaActive80Gamma ThetaSpeedway, IndianaActive81Gamma IotaShoals, IndianaActive82Gamma Kappa19xx ?Brook, IndianaInactive"Psi Ote of the Year". Helicon. CXVIII: 8-9. November 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2024 – via Psi Iota Xi.83Gamma Lambda19xx ?Paris Crossing, IndianaInactive84Gamma Mu19xx ?Lafayette, IndianaInactive85Gamma NuBrownsburg, IndianaActive86Gamma XiCrawfordsville, IndianaActive87Gamma Omicron195x ?Montpeller, Ohio]]Inactive88Gamma Pi195x ?Indianapolis, IndianaInactive89Gamma Rho – April 30, 2022Linton, IndianaInactive90Gamma SigmaSouth Bend, IndianaActive91Gamma TauMarion, IndianaActive92Gamma UpsilonWolcott, IndianaActive93Gamma Phi195x ?Inactive94Gamma Chi195x ?Inactive95Gamma Psi195x ?Inactive96Gamma Omega1956Tipton, IndianaInactive97Delta Alpha195x ?Inactive98Delta Beta1929Indianapolis, IndianaInactive99Delta Gamma195x ?Fort Wayne, IndianaInactive100Delta Delta195x ?Inactive101Delta EpsilonMuncie, IndianaInactive102Delta ZetaLafayette, IndianaActive145Zeta Alpha19xx ?Charlestown, IndianaInactive146Zeta BetaAnderson, IndianaActive147Zeta GammaFort Branch, IndianaActive148Zeta Delta195x ?Montpelier, IndianaInactive149Zeta EpsilonBargersville, IndianaActive150Zeta Zeta195x ?IndianaInactive151Zeta Eta195x ?Southport, IndianaInactive152Zeta ThetaNiles, MichiganActive153Zeta IotaLouisville, KentuckyActive"Zeta Iota, Louisville, Kentucky". Helicon. CXVIII: 2. November 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2024 – via Psi Iota Xi.154Zeta KappaWhiting, IndianaInactive155Zeta LambdaConnersville, IndianaActive156Zeta MuJasper, IndianaActive157Zeta Nu19xx ?Westport, IndianaInactive158Zeta XiMadison, IndianaActive159Zeta Omicron196x ?Arthur, IndianaInactive160Zeta Pi196x ?Highland, IndianaInactive161Zeta RhoMunster, IndianaInactive162Zeta Sigma1964Greenwood, IndianaActive163Zeta TauMilroy, IndianaActive164Zeta Upsilon1965Middletown, IndianaInactive165Zeta Phi196x ?Highland, IndianaInactive1966Zeta ChiLewisville, IndianaInactive1967Zeta Psi196x ?Newburgh, IndianaInactive1968Zeta Omega196x ?Inactive169Eta AlphaNashville, IndianaActive170Eta Beta196x ?Inactive171Eta GammaValparaiso, IndianaActive172Eta DeltaCarmel, IndianaActive173Eta Epsilon1966Mishawaka, IndianaInactive174Eta ZetaNappanee, IndianaActive175Eta Eta1967–2022La Porte, IndianaInactive176Eta Theta196x ?Inactive177Eta IotaParker City, IndianaActive178Eta Kappa196x ?Inactive179Eta LambdaBeech Grove, IndianaActive180Eta MuRochester, IndianaActive181Eta NuRensselaer, IndianaActive182Eta Xi1969Auburn, IndianaInactive183Eta OmicronKalamazoo, MichiganActive184Eta Pi19xx ?Centerville and Kettering, OhioInactive185Eta Rho19xx ?Inactive186Eta Sigma – April 30, 2021Grand Rapids, MichiganInactive186Eta Tau197x ?Milroy, IndianaInactive188Eta UpsilonHammond, IndianaInactive189Eta Phi1971Terre Haute, IndianaInactive190Eta ChiMartinsville, IndianaActive191Eta Psi197x ?Champaign, IllinoisInactive192Eta OmegaYorktown, IndianaInactive193Theta Alpha–201x ?New Palestine, IndianaInactive194Theta BetaPaoli, IndianaActive195Theta GammaFort Branch, IndianaInactive196Theta DeltaBremen, IndianaActive197Theta Epsilon197x ?Inactive198Theta ZetaFort Recovery, OhioActive199Theta EtaInactive200Theta ThetaFort Wayne, IndianaActive201Theta IotaMonticello, IndianaActive202Theta KappaEdon, OhioActive203Theta Lamba197x ?Gaston, IndianaInactive204Theta Mu197x ?Battle Creek, MichiganInactive205Theta NuLexington, KentuckyActive206Theta Xi197x ?Inactive207Theta Omicron197x ?Inactive208Theta PiJune 5, 1972Kenosha, WisconsinInactive209Theta Rho197x ?Franklin, IndianaInactive210Theta Sigma1973North Webster, IndianaInactive211Theta TauMidland, MichiganActive212Theta Upsilon197x ?Inactive213Theta Phi197x ?Kenosha, WisconsinInactive214Theta Chi1974Indianapolis, IndianaInactive215Theta PsiBethany, IllinoisActive216Theta Omega197x ?Crystal Lake, Illinois Inactive217Iota Alpha – May 30, 2022Veedersburg, IndianaInactive218Iota Beta–20xx ?Bryan, OhioInactive219Iota Gamma198x ?Inactive220Iota Delta198x ?Newburgh, IndianaInactive221Iota Epsilon198x ?Inactive222Iota ZetaKnox, IndianaActive223Iota Eta198x ?Inactive224Iota ThetaArmstrong, IllinoisActive225Iota Iota198x ?Inactive226Iota Kapa198x ?Inactive227Iota LambdaFerdinand, IndianaActive228Iota Mu19xx ?Inactive229Iota Nu19xx ?Inactive230Iota XiWinamac, IndianaActive231Iota OmicronCampbellsburg, IndianaInactive232Iota PiInactive233Iota RhoOdon, IndianaActive234Iota SigmaSt. Joseph, IllinoisActive235Iota TauIndianapolis, IndianaActive236Iota UpsilonVirtualActive237Iota PhiClarksburg, IndianaActive238Iota ChiLa Grange, KentuckyActive References Category:High school fraternities and sororities Category:Lists of student societies

Gaza Sunbirds

The Gaza Sunbirds are a para-cycling team based in the Gaza Strip. The team was formed in 2020 by Alaa al-Dali and Karim Ali. History Alaa al-Dali became a cyclist at a young age. In early 2018, he qualified to compete at that year's Asian Games, but was struggling to obtain a permit from the Israeli government to leave the Gaza Strip. In March 2018, he attended the March of Return in his cycling gear to "call for [his] right of return as an athlete unable to leave Gaza". While at the protest, he was shot in the leg by an Israeli sniper, shattering his bone. His leg ultimately had to be amputated. While recovering, he met Karim Ali, and over the next year the duo decided to found a para-cycling project. He also adapted a bicycle so he could continue to ride, and began relearning to ride two months after his amputation. The Gaza Sunbirds were officially founded in 2020, and had ten members by the end of the year. By 2023, the group had 20 members and five cycling sessions a week, including a session for teenagers. At one time the group had around 50 members. Due to limited supplies, they were only able to adapt bicycles for riders with lower limb amputations. Most riders do not use prostheses due to the difficulty of obtaining them. The group organized fundraising events to pay for equipment and to raise money for other groups. Some of their group rides were along the coastline or Salah al-Din Road, while others were as long as 55 miles, from the Rafah Border Crossing to the Erez Crossing. Following the inception of the Israel–Hamas war in 2023, the team began to distribute food to Gaza residents using their bicycles. According to the group, as of May 2024 they have distributed "$140,000 worth of aid, 2,050 meal parcels, 4,900 hot meals and hygiene kits to 500 beneficiaries". The group also worked with Sharek Youth Forum to create a displacement camp in Deir al-Balah. The war interrupted the team's hopes of competing at the 2024 Summer Paralympics. References External links Official website Category:2020 establishments in the State of Palestine Category:2020 in the Gaza Strip Category:Cycling clubs Category:Disability organizations based in the State of Palestine Category:Sports clubs and teams in the State of Palestine Category:Organizations established in 2020 Category:Para-cycling Category:Sportspeople from the Gaza Strip Category:Parasports clubs and teams

Resilience to Nature's Challenges

Resilience to Nature's Challenges () was one of New Zealand's eleven collaborative research programmes known as National Science Challenges. Running from 2015 to 2024, the focus of Resilience to Nature's Challenges (RNC) research was enhancing New Zealand's resilience to natural hazards such as sea level rise, climate change, wildfire, and volcanoes. Establishment and governance The New Zealand Government agreed in August 2012 to fund National Science Challenges: large multi-year collaborative research programmes that would address important issues in New Zealand's future. The funding criteria were set out in January 2014, with proposals assessed by a Science Board within the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (MBIE). thumb|Official launch of Resilience to Nature's Challenges in March 2015; Science and Innovation Minister Steven Joyce centre After a planning phase in 2014, MBIE approved the Crown Research Institute GNS Science as a host for the project. RNC was launched in March 2015 by Minister for Science and Innovation Steven Joyce, with interim Director Shane Cronin. The Māori name of Resilience to Nature's Challenges translates as (resilience) (challenges) (of the enduring world). RNC was hosted by GNS Science, with twelve other New Zealand research partners: BRANZ, Opus International, Resilient Organisations Ltd, Market Economics Ltd, the University of Auckland, University of Canterbury, University of Otago, Massey University, Lincoln University, Victoria University of Wellington, Scion, and NIWA. The Challenge involved 90 researchers and had an initial four-year allocation of $19.6 million. Research thumb|Resilience to Nature's Challenges Governance Group and science leaders hui, July 2021 RNC was set up around two major themes: Understanding Hazard and Risk (with research programmes on coastal hazards, volcanoes, weather and wildfires, and earthquakes and tsunamis), and Accelerating Resilience (incorporating research on both rural and urban communities, built environments, and Whanake te Kura i Tawhiti Nui—applying traditional Māori knowledge to hazard resilience). In December 2018 two research areas were added: multihazard risks, and resilience in practice. References External links Resilience to Nature's Challenges website Category:National Science Challenges Category:Natural hazards in New Zealand

Mohammad Aburiziq

Mohammad Abdel-Motalib Yousef Aburiziq (; born 1 February 1999), popularly known as Pogba, is a Jordanian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Jordanian Pro League side Al-Salt, on loan from Al-Wehdat, and the Jordan national team. Club career Al-Baqa'a He began his professional career with Al-Baqa'a. Aburiziq was on his way to move to Al-Hussein during the 2022 Jordanian Pro League season, after he had terminated his contract, but Al-Baqa'a appealed the decision when he tore his ACL during the AFC U-23 Asian Cup so that the player would return to the club. Aburiziq was the center of a contractual dispute during his season-long injury break, between his parent club Al Baqa'a, Al-Hussein, and Al-Wehdat, which lasted until the following season. Al-Wehdat Aburiziq signed a 4-year contract with Al-Wehdat in late April 2023. On 21 May 2024, Al-Wehdat manager Ra'fat Ali suspended Aburiziq from team practices, as well as suspend his finances, as a result of failing to meet team practices and take the club's principles into account. Al-Salt (on loan) On 25 July 2024, Aburiziq signed a season-long loan deal with Al-Salt, as a result of Ra'fat Ali suspending him from Al-Wehdat practices. He scored a brace on his league debut against Shabab Al-Ordon in a 2–1 victory. International career Aburiziq was a youth international for Jordan, having represented the Jordanian under-23 team at the 2022 AFC U-23 Asian Cup. He tore his ACL during the tournament, which required him to have a surgery on 6 July 2022. The injury also prevented him from making his potential move to Al-Hussein. On 10 March 2024, Aburiziq was called up to the Jordan national football team for their World Cup qualifying campaign against Pakistan, which he made his debut on March 26 in a 7–0 victory. Career statistics Club ClubSeasonLeagueCupLeague CupContinentalTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAl-Baqa'a2022Jordanian Pro League0000000000Al-Wehdat2023–24Jordanian Pro League0000000000Al-Salt2024–25Jordanian Pro League3300000000 Career total0000000000 Honours Al-Wehdat Jordan FA Cup: 2023–24 References External links Category:1999 births Category:Living people Category:Men's association football forwards Category:Jordanian men's footballers Category:Jordan men's international footballers Category:Jordan men's youth international footballers Category:Al-Baqa'a SC players Category:Al-Wehdat SC players Category:Al-Salt SC players Category:Jordanian Pro League players

2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 200 metres

The men's 200 metres at the 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships was held at the Estadio Atlético de la VIDENA in Lima, Peru on 29 and 30 August 2024. Records U20 standing records prior to the 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships were as follows: Record Athlete & Nationality Mark Location DateWorld U20 Record19.69Eugene, United States26 June 2022Championship Record19.96Cali, Colombia4 August 202219.96Cali, ColombiaWorld U20 Leading20.20Lexington, United States24 May 2024 Results Heats The first 2 athletes in each heat (Q) and the next 8 fastest (q) qualified to the semi-finals. Heat 1 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes12Jesse Myers21.4324Eduardo Longobardi21.4533Daniel González21.64 47Wesley Dionisio21.6956Keo Davis21.7365Sophus Ramsgaard Jensen21.7878Mihai Militaru24.54 Wind: -1.1 m/s Heat 2 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes19Jackson Clarke21.3726Peng Kong21.4938Jessus Bănicioiu21.72 42Andrew Styles21.7257Maximilian Achhammer21.9563Aron Earl22.125Paulo Henrique Pedroso4William Batley Wind: -1.0 m/s Heat 3 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes17Jake Odey-Jordan21.0228Magnus Johannsson21.2733Katsuki Sato21.3142Miloš Nisić21.8755Isaac Chandra21.8966Caledon Ruwende22.014Mubarak Bader Al-Qahtani Wind: -1.1 m/s Heat 4 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes17Gout Gout20.7725Malith Thamel21.2336Alejandro Cardenas21.3242Bertie Cruywagen21.6458Justin Rennert21.8763Magano Naseb22.1474Omar Chaaban23.009King Wai Yip Wind: -0.5 m/s Heat 5 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes16Jaden Wiley20.9325Zachary Della Rocca21.0339Dejan Ottou21.3244Bejamin Aravena21.4453Matteo Miola21.6562David Nyamufarira21.7877Sanjay Weekes21.9588Vladimir Bitolja22.51 Wind: -1.3 m/s Heat 6 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes14Bayanda Walaza21.1626Carlos Brown Jr.21.3135Hristo Iliev21.5347Jónas Isaksen21.6358Aidil Hajam22.2062Junior Gallimore22.4673Aistis Manton22.71 Wind: -0.4 m/s Heat 7 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes15Kei Wakana21.1726Juho Venäläinen21.23 (.226)32Aragorn Straker21.23 (.228)43Sebastian Libura21.6354Youchao Huang21.7367Devonric Mack22.0178Eduardo Loya22.05 Wind: -0.1 m/s Heat 8 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes14William Trulsson20.9928Marek Zakrzewski21.1133Yaqoub Al Azemi21.24, 46Romario Hines21.3555Muhammad Amin Bin Rosla21.5467Indusara Rajamuni21.562Tomás Mondino Wind: -0.6 m/s Semi-finals The first 2 athletes in each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified to the semi-final. Heat 1 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes17Gout Gout21.0729Magnus Johannsson21.2136Kei Wakana21.3344Yaqoub Al Azemi21.3552Dejan Ottou21.65 (.644)63Hristo Iliev21.65 (.644)78Jackson Clarke21.8885Malith Thamel21.93 Wind: -0.9 m/s Heat 2 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes16William Trulsson21.3027Jake Odey-Jordan21.4039Eduardo Longobardi21.5243Romario Hines21.6852Alejandro Cardenas21.6968Jesse Myers21.8075Indusara Rajamuni21.934Peng Kong Wind: -1.2 m/s Heat 3 Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes17Bayanda Walaza21.0028Jaden Wiley21.0439Carlos Brown Jr.21.1946Zachary Della Rocca21.2354Aragorn Straker21.3062Katsuki Sato21.4775Juho Venäläinen21.5483Bejamin Aravena21.55 Wind: +0.3 m/s Final Rank Lane Athlete Nation Time Notes7Bayanda Walaza20.528Gout Gout20.605Jake Odey-Jordan20.8146William Trulsson20.9154Jaden Wiley21.1763Zachary Della Rocca21.2279Magnus Johannsson21.2782Carlos Brown Jr.21.51 Wind: -0.7 m/s References 200 metres men Category:200 metres at the World Athletics U20 Championships

2023–2024 Oropouche virus disease outbreak

An outbreak of Oropouche fever began in December 2023. Over 8,000 infections have been reported, including the first outside the Amazon region to which Oropouche virus is endemic. Although most cases have occurred in Brazil, local transmission has also been reported in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Cuba. Cases among travelers to the region have been identified in the United States and Europe. As of August 16, two fatalities were reported. These are the first known deaths caused by Oropouche. Cases of vertical transmission to fetuses have been identified, resulting in stillbirths and possibly microcephaly. Virus and epidemiology The causative agent of Oropouche fever, Oropouche orthobunyavirus, was first discovered in the Caribbean nation Trinidad and Tobago. Five years later, it was first detected in Brazil via an infected sloth. Consequently, the disease is also known as "sloth fever". Sloths, in addition to some bird species and non-human primates, are known to serve as natural reservoirs for the virus. Since the 1960s, periodic outbreaks have occurred, albeit only in the Amazon region. Unlike the mosquito-borne dengue or Zika, the Oropouche virus is transmitted by a biting midge, specifically Culicoides paraensis. C. paraensis is also found throughout the United States. Although no other vector has been demonstrated, the virus has been identified in insects such as the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. Historically, the disease results in mild symptoms: fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and muscle, joint, or eye pain. Some cases may result in severe neurological damage. No vaccines or treatments exist. Outbreak According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 8000 Oropouche cases were identified from January 1 to August 1, 2024. Although most cases have occurred in Brazil, cases have also been reported in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Cuba. The Cuban infections mark the first Oropouche cases beyond the Amazon. As of August 16, two fatalities were reported. These are the first known deaths caused by the disease. In early August 2024, the Pan American Health Organization updated the disease's risk level from moderate to high. On August 16, the CDC issued a health alert for the region. It reported that 21 Americans had contracted the virus after traveling to Cuba. Although three were hospitalized, no deaths were reported. Travel-associated cases have also occurred in Italy, Germany, and Spain. Fetal transmission thumb|Microcephaly, which severely affects brain development, has been indicated in some Oropouche infections. Five Oropouche cases have involved vertical transmission of the virus from pregnant mother to fetus. Brazilian health authorities are investigating the possibility of stillborns and birth defects that the disease may have caused. In the state of Pará, the Evandro Chagas Institute identified antibodies against Oropouche in four newborns with microcephaly: a birth defect characterized by an abnormally small head. However, a causal relationship has not been confirmed. Viruses closely related to Oropouche—such as Akabane virus—are known to induce birth defects or stillborns in livestock. Causes Climate change, deforestation, and urbanization have been suggested as possible contributing factors to the Oropouche outbreak. The current economic crisis in Cuba—which has halted mosquito control efforts and forced many Cubans to sleep with open windows due to power outages—has also been cited. It has been suggested that the current outbreak is due to a more pathogenic Oropouche strain: genetic analysis has identified it as a reassortment of strains previously identified in Peru and Columbia. It has also been suggested that the virus simply appears more pathogenic due to the widespread presence of immunity against Oropouche in the Amazon region. References Category:2023 disease outbreaks Category:2024 disease outbreaks

Big Indian (Utah)

Big Indian is a summit in San Juan County, Utah, United States. Description Big Indian is situated north-northeast of the Monument Valley Tribal Park Visitor Center, on Navajo Nation land. It is an iconic landform of Monument Valley and can be seen from Highway 163. Precipitation runoff from this landform's slopes drains into the San Juan River drainage basin. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises above the surrounding terrain in 0.25 mile (0.4 km). The nearest higher summit is Sentinel Mesa, to the southwest. This landform's toponym was officially adopted in 1964 by the United States Board on Geographic Names. It is so named because the butte resembles the face of a native American looking south-southeast into the valley.Monument Valley, City of Aztec, aztecnm.com, Retrieved 2024-08-28. "Big Chief" and "Big Indian Butte" were alternate names that were ultimately rejected.United States Board on Geographic Names, Decisions on Geographic Names in the United States, Decision List No. 6403, 1965, page 45. Geology Big Indian is composed of two principal strata. The bottom layer is slope-forming Organ Rock Shale underlaying cliff-forming De Chelly Sandstone. The rock was deposited during the Permian period. The buttes and mesas of Monument Valley are the result of the Organ Rock Shale being more easily eroded than the overlaying sandstone.Monument Valley, Arizona, Arizona Geological Survey, Retrieved 2024-08-24. Climate Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit Big Indian. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a semi-arid climate zone with cold winters and hot summers. Summers average 54 days above annually, and highs rarely exceed . Summer nights are comfortably cool, and temperatures drop quickly after sunset. Winters are cold, but daytime highs are usually above freezing. Winter temperatures below are uncommon, though possible. This desert climate receives less than of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.Climate Summary for Kayenta, Arizona Gallery See also List of appearances of Monument Valley in the media References External links Weather: Big Indian Category:Colorado Plateau Category:Landforms of San Juan County, Utah Category:North American 1000 m summits Category:Geography of the Navajo Nation Category:Sandstone formations of the United States

Sneja Gunew

Sneja Marina Gunew (15 December 1946 – 8 January 2024), FRSC, was an Australian-Canadian literary theorist whose focus lay on feminism, postcolonial studies and multiculturalism. She taught in England, Australia, and Canada. From 1995 to her retirement in 2014 she was Professor of English and Director of the Centre for Women's and Gender Studies at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Vancouver. Her scholarly research into multicultural (non-Anglo-Celtic) writers in Australia and Canada, particularly women writers, as well as her engagement with multicultural policy-making in Australia, brought these groups to attention in both countries. Life and education Gunew was born in Tübingen, Germany, to a German mother and a Bulgarian father. The family relocated in 1950 to Melbourne, Australia, under the auspices of the International Refugee Organization. A speaker and reader of German from childhood, she turned to English, obtaining a BA (Hons) from the University of Melbourne, an MA from the University of Toronto, Canada, and a PhD from the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, all in English literature. Career She taught in literature and women's studies in Australia from 1972, first at the universities of Newcastle and Melbourne, and then from 1979 at Deakin University (Geelong). In 1993 she took up a position at the University of Victoria, Canada, and in 1995 she became Professor of English and Women's Studies at UBC. She was Director of the Centre for Research in Women’s and Gender Studies (2002-2007), North American editor of Feminist Theory (Sage; 2006-2010), and Associate Principal of the College for Interdisciplinary Studies, UBC (2008-2011). She retired as Professor Emerita in 2014 from the UBC Department of English Language and Literatures. Australia Significant publications began when she was appointed to Deakin University in 1979 and worked on courses in Women’s Studies and Narrative. She introduced the terms migration writing and migrant literatures, focusing on the experiences and writings of postwar immigrants to Australia from countries other than the usual sources of migrants: UK and Ireland. These interests converged in her much reprinted article, ”Migrant Women Writers: Who's on Whose Margins?”(originally published in Meanjin, 42.1, March 1982-83, pp. 16–26) which noted that the settler-colonial category of “Australian literature” overlooked such work. Looking at migrant women’s writing is a way of contesting received notions of the literary. Such writing speaks from positions which interrogate socio-cultural conventions, notions of linguistic competence, and gender certainties. Migrant, and women’s and migrant women’s, writing are the “excess” of Anglo-Celtic writing, a luxury which is an index of – what? Civilized skepticism? The mining rights to an unknown territory? New histories for new subjects? In 1984, she was a panelist with Homi Bhabha and Gayatri Spivak at an early landmark postcolonial conference, “Europe and its Others,” at the University of Essex. Edward Said, author of Orientalism (1978), a founding figure of post-colonial theory, was in the audience. In a 1986 interview with Spivak, she asks “[Why] are other writers like [Antigone] Kefala, Ania Walwicz, Rosa Cappiello, etc., not seen as part of these [Australian] cultural productions, why aren't they given a full measure of cultural franchise?” She and others took action to have non-Anglo-Celtic writers acknowledged as contributing to the national literature. In 1992, she compiled with others A Bibliography of Australian Multicultural Writers and co-edited Striking Chords: Multicultural Literary Interpretations, the first collection of critical essays to deal with ethnic minority writings in the Australian context. She noted that multicultural writers are often “fungible,” like money, in the sense that any one will do: those that appear in early national anthologies are exchanged for new ones as a demonstration of tolerance, with none “sticking” as part of the national literature nor arriving in the canon. Her positioning begins with the idea of the “cultural hybridity of all nation-states” that leads to a “productive opening up into difference.” For her, the ostensibly all-inclusive “liberal pluralist notion of cultural diversity” cannot recognize or discuss “incommensurable differences,” which leads to the inability to interrogate any eruption of right-wing “politics of exclusion.” She turns to psychoanalysis to remind readers that “we do have an unconscious, whose mysterious workings are not fully available to our conscious minds, and that our unsound impulses cannot simply be vacuumed with a morally attuned feminist Hoover” At Deakin University, she set up the first library collection of ethnic minority writings in Australia. Her first book, Framing Marginality: Multicultural Literary Studies (1994) was an attempt to find theoretical frameworks and concepts for interpreting these texts—a mix of postmodernist and psychoanalytic criticism. She also edited two collections that publicized Australian feminist work to an international readership as well as ensuring this included the work of Australian First Nations scholar Jackie Huggins. As a member of the Australia Council for the Arts, the main funding body for the arts in Australia (1990–93), she set up and chaired the Multicultural Advisory Committee. In addition she was involved in creating appropriate policies relating to multicultural arts at a federal and state level as part of her membership on several committees working towards a multicultural Australia. Canada In Canada she worked on comparative multiculturalisms and diasporic literatures and their intersections with national and global cultural formations. Recent publications dealt with multilingual affect, looking to widen the terminology of affect studies to include “emotion terms” in languages other than English. She writes: What is very much a question for me at the moment is that if you are constructed in one particular kind of language, what kinds of violence does it do to your subjectivity if one then has to move into another language, and suppress whatever selves or subjectivities were constructed by the first? And of course, some people have to pass through this process several times. Her final word on how to navigate literary-critical problems is “Hurrah for anything that puts into question certain familiar hegemonic monocultural assumptions.” Personal life Gunew was married to the British-Canadian artist Terence Greer (24 September 1929 – 5 July 2020). Selected works Framing Marginality: Multicultural literary studies, Melbourne University Press (1994). Haunted Nations: The colonial dimensions of multiculturalisms, Routledge (2004). Post-Multicultural Writers as Neo-Cosmopolitan Mediators, Anthem Press (2017). Displacements:  Migrant Story-tellers, Deakin UP, 1981. Revised as Displacements 2:  Multicultural Storytellers. Deakin UP, 1987. (Edited with J. Mahyuddin) Beyond the Echo:  Multicultural Women's Writing. U of Queensland P, 1988. (Edited with A. Couani) Telling Ways:  Australian Women's Experimental Writing. Australian Feminist Studies Publications, 1988. Feminist Knowledge:  Critique and Construct. Routledge, 1990. Rpt. Routledge Library Editions, 2013. A Reader in Feminist Knowledge. Routledge, 1991. . Translated into Bulgarian, 2002. (With K. O. Longley) Striking Chords:  Multicultural Literary Interpretations. Allen & Unwin, 1992. (Compiled with L. Houbein, A. Karakostas-Seda and J. Mahyuddin) A Bibliography of Australian Multicultural Writers, Centre for Studies in Literary Education, Deakin University, Australia, 1992. (With Anna Yeatman) Feminism and the Politics of Difference. Allen & Unwin, 1993. (With Fazal Rizvi) Culture, Difference and the Arts. Allen & Unwin, 1994. “Migrant Women Writers: Who's on Whose Margins?” Meanjin, 42.1 (March, 1982/3): 16-26. Reprinted in The Temperament of Generations: Fifty Years of Writing in Meanjin. Ed. Jenny Lee, Philip Mead & Gerald Murnane. Melbourne UP. 1990, 303-12; in Gender, Politics and Fiction: Twentieth Century Australian Women's Novels, edited by Carole Ferrier (St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1985): 163-78; and in part in Authority of Influence: Australian Literary Criticism 1950-2000. Ed. D. Bird, R. Dixon and C. Lee. U of Queensland P, 2001, 216-219. References Category:1946 births Category:2024 deaths

San Giovanni in Zoccoli, Viterbo

thumb San Giovanni in Zoccoli (St John in Sandals) is an Romanesque and Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church located in Via Mazzini #8 in Viterbo in the Region of Lazio, Italy. History Little documentation exists about the foundation of the church. Some reports mention a church bell damaged by lightning bore a data of 1037. Others claim a 823 document from the monastery of Monte Amiata mentions a San Giovanni in Sonsa or Sconcio, which may refer to this church. The church is apparently dedicated to St John the Evangelist, and thus two eagles flank the rose-window on the facade. The church underwent refurbishment in 1880 and after the allied aerial bombardment of Viterbo in 1944; these have left the church stripped of the former baroque decoration. During the earlier refurbishment, Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle helped restore the fresco above the portal of the facade. The facade has a round rose window surrounded by the symbols of the four evangelists, and additional two eagles. Peculiarly, the facade is stabilized by buttresses connected to the house in front. The lunette of the portal, defined by a frame of stars and a depiction of the Evangelist. The interior layout has on central nave, flanked by Romanesque columns with decorated capitals, and two side aisles, all leading to semicircular Romanesque apses. There is not transept. The roof is wooden. In the apse of the right nave is a polyptych (1441) by Francesco d’Antonio Zacchi. The center panel depicts an Enthroned Madonna and Child between Saints (from left to right) Peter, John the Baptist, John the Evangelist and Paul. In the left lateral panel from to bottom, are depicted Archangel Gabriel, Saints Francis, Leonardo, and Lucia; on the right, a Virgin of the Annunciation, Saints Antony Abbot, Helena and Catherine of Alexandria. In the medals of the tympani, are depicted the Trinity and then the Four Evangelists. At the base, are various scenes, some from stories or legends of the life of John the Evangelist: St George and the dragon, Domitian orders St John the Evangelist placed in vat of boiling oil, St John resurrects Drusiana, St John changed twigs to pebbles of gold and precious stones, St John's prayer Collapses the temple of Diana, St John drinks poison and remains unscathed, and the Adoration of the Wise Men. In the central apse, there thin stained glass window depicting St John the Evangelist. Off the left nave is a chapel with a fresco of the Madonna and Child, detached from a wall of a house of Viterbo, as well as tombstones from churches in town.Entry on Church in Viterbo Arte e Citta, San Giovanni in Zoccoli Church; translated by Danielle Maddock, University of Nevada, Reno e Alicia Bertram University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Programma USAC presso Università degli Studi della Tuscia. References Category:Roman Catholic churches in Viterbo Category:Romanesque architecture in Lazio Category:Gothic architecture in Lazio Giovanni Zoccoli Category:Romanesque church buildings in Italy

The Golden Road: How Ancient India Transformed the World

The Golden Road: How Ancient India Transformed the World is a 2024 history book by William Dalrymple. It discusses the ways in which India's ideas and influences spread throughout and shaped Eurasia. Overview The book argues that the primary route connecting Eurasia from 250 BC to 1200 AD was a route going through India referred to in the book as the "Golden Road"; this route facilitated an Indian sphere of influence referred to as the Indosphere. India's outward influence began with the west coast of India interacting with the outside world as far west as the Roman Empire; the fall of Rome in the 5th and 6th centuries then forced Indian traders to turn their attention eastward, resulting in significant influence upon Southeast Asia. By the 7th century, Buddhism had penetrated China, with the reign of Wu Zetian resulting in a brief Indianization of the royal court and a general explosion of learning from India. And by the 13th century, Indian mathematical and astronomical ideas had gone through the Arab world and reached Europe, but in the same century, conquests put an end to the heretofore peaceful expansion of Indian influence. Mongol conquests in Eurasia ended India's centrality by paving the way for the Silk Road, giving China greater prominence as it thus gained access to the Mediterranean, while Muslim armies temporarily interrupted trade routes to India's west and took over North India. Dalrymple was inspired to write the book after a visit to Angkor Wat, the largest Hindu temple in the world. He spent five years travelling throughout the Middle East, India and Southeast Asia to do research for the book. See also Indo-Mediterranean References Further reading William Dalrymple Explains | The ancient history behind the maritime trade route between India and Europe Category:2024 non-fiction books Category:Books by William Dalrymple Category:History books about India Category:Bloomsbury Publishing books

Jacob Caetano

João Jacob "Monstro Imortal" Caetano (4 April 1941 – 1977)Jacob Caetano. ATD. 2023. was an Angolan militant and politician who was a participant in the Angolan War of Independence and the Angolan Civil War. During his military career, he was promoted to the post of general and was vice-commander of the general staff of the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) and commander of the 9th Brigade of Mobilized Marines of the Special Forces of FAPLA. During his political career, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA) and a member of the leadership of the orthodox Communist Nitista-Fractionalist faction. Biography Caetano was born on 4 April 1941 in the small town of Piri, to a peasant family from the municipality of Dembos, currently in Bengo province.Restos mortais de vítimas de conflitos sepultados. Jornal de Angola. 14 June 2022. During the War for Independence, Caetano participated in numerous confrontation with the colonial Portuguese troops and militants from the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA). He was sent by the MPLA to Congo-Kinshasa to receive training in 1962. While there, he also became a member of the MPLA's football team.Equipa de futebol do EPLA no Mbinza. ATD. Leopoldville, 1962. He became a part of the first group of militants of the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (EPLA; which afterwards became FAPLA), taking leadership positions and commanding detachments of the armed wing of the MPLA. He was one of the first people who identified Mobutu Sese Seko as an adversary of the MPLA. Due to this, he was arrested by the police of Congo-Kinshasa, but was able to escape and went to Congo-Brazavile. From 1964 onward, he was a part of the MPLA's leadership, participating in the military/political meetings of the party in their headquarters in exile in Brazzaville.Conferência de Quadros do MPLA. ATD. 1964.Acta da Reunião plenária do Comité Director. ATD. 1966. He participated in reconnaissance units in the north of Angola in 1963Relatório do EPLA sobre Esquadrão Vermelho. ATD. 1963. and in military operations in Cabinda in 1965.Base das Pacaças (MPLA) - grupo de guerrilheiros. ATD. 1965. He commanded a guerrilla squadron named after Cuban revolutionary Camilo Cienfuegos. In 1966, the Cienfuegos Squadron, under his command, was able to establish itself militarily in the province of Luanda, which became known as one of the most crucial and most successful operations by FAPLA/EPLA before the 1970s. After the feat, Caetano became one of the main commanders of the 1st Military Police Region (Luanda, Dembos e Norte Angolano) of the MPLA/EPLA. He came to be recognized by the soldiers for his courage and capacity for combat, he survived and left victorious after participating in the ambushes by the armed wing of the FNLA the Exército de Libertação Nacional de Angola (ELNA). They gave him the nickname "Monstro Imortal" (Portuguese for "Immortal Monster", given due to his almost seemingly mythical invincibility). During the preparations for the 1st Congress of the MPLA, he was invited to coordinate plenary sessions for the party in Zambia in 1971Reunião Plenária do Comité Director do MPLA. ATD. 27 de setembro de 1971 and for training sessions as a military official in Czechoslovakia (Military Academy of Brno). In 1972, he became a member of the delegation for negotiations in Kinshasa with the FNLA, along with Agostinho Neto and Lúcio Lara.Lista da delegação do MPLA para acordos com FNLA. ATD. 1972. During this period, however, the MPLA went through an intense internal political dispute that had turned into, between 1972 and 1974, the Active Revolt and the Eastern Revolt. The disputes were instigated by anti-colonial hard-liners in Brazzaville, in 1972, and had created conspiratorial themes that would dominate the direction of the party during the height of the dispute. Large portions of the party had identified the recent and constant military defeats as having emanated from a purported "white-mestico elite", and who had identified as the main culprits Lúcio Lara, his wife Ruth Lara, Iko Carreira, and Agostinho Neto's wife, Maria Eugénia Neto. The rebels ultimately captured Lúcio Lara, who was the number 2 of the party, in an operation carried out by Caetano, and who had covert support from José Eduardo dos Santos, who had already aspired to take command of the party and establish movement leaders who were entirely non-white. The rebellion gave command of the MPLA to Santos, but was put down rapidly by Agostinho Neto, who later gave amnesty to those involved, including Caetano. On 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution overthrew the regime of António Salazar and hastened the decolonization of the Portuguese colonies in Africa. On 1 August, the EPLA became FAPLA. With the creation of the new armed forces, Caetano assumed command posts in the Northern Front, which included the 1st and 2nd Military Police Regions (including Cabinda). On 8 November 1974, he became part of the "delegation of 26" of the party, led by Lara, and had the historic first visit of a MPLA delegation that was officially received in Luanda. The arrival of Lara's delegation, that also had Caetano, was received very enthusiastically by a crowd of militants, whom broke the barriers and went onto the runway at Luanda's Quatro de Fevereiro Airport as their plane arrived. The sight of Lara had served to prepare them for when Agostinho Neto made his first visit to Luanda after the Carnation Revolution. This visit contributed to the MPLA rapidly gaining power in Luanda.Primeira delegação chegou há 43 anos. Jornal de Angola. 9 de novembro de 2017. At the signing of the Alvor Agreement, which established the parameters of the partition of power during the process of independence for Angola, Caetano was named by the MPLA to compose the military hierarchy of the transitional government, keeping with one of the Area Commands, together with Pedro Timóteo "Barreiro" Kiakanwa (FNLA) and "Edmundo Rocha" Sabino Sandele (UNITA).1 926 - Os membros do Governo de Transição. Cavaleiros do Norte/BCAV. 8423. 1 February 2014. After March 1975, the anti-colonial war transformed into a civil war between the MPLA, the FNLA, and the União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA). Angola's independence was declared by the MPLA on 11 November 1975. Agostinho Neto thus became president of the People's Republic of Angola. With the opening of general, Caetano became one of the vice-commanders of the General State Staff of FAPLA. In November 1975, he was sent to Porto Amboim, maintaining direct contact with President Agostinho Neto in relation to the collapse of the southern and central fronts that had been under the pressure of South African and UNITA troops. The situation grew to include Cuban military intervention, that came as assistance to Caetano's troops. Afterwards, he commanded the 9th Brigade of Mobilized Marines of the Special Forces of FAPLA, who were the elite defense forces in Luanda. He strongly contributed to the formation of class consciousness in FAPLA, creating the framework for political education in the branches of the military. Politically, Caetano aligned more with Nito Alves, with whom was his immediate superior in the 1st Military Police Region during the 1960s and 1970s, along with being from the same hometown of Dembos. Caetano became one of the leaders of an orthodox communist opposition group called the Fraccionist-Nitista faction, that proclaimed that Angola urgently needed to make a transition to the Soviet communist model of governance. With these positions, the opposition group became one of Agostinho Neto's fiercest critics and of his position towards a moderate transition to socialism/communism through a nationalist route. Along with this, the group called for the continuance of class struggle that would take the form of debate against a purported "white-mestico" leadership and elite. At the beginning of 1977, Caetano joined in on plans for a coup d'état by the Nitista faction, being one of the key figures of the conspiracy, along with Nito Alves, José Jacinto Van-Dúnem, Sita Valles, David Minerva Machado, Arsénio Totó Sihanouk, Luís dos Passos, and Eduardo Ernesto Bakalof. In planning for action, he was attached to the 9th Brigade with the role of shock troops during the coup attempt. Regardless, he had been included in the committee of the Central Committee of the MPLA to investigate the activities of the Nitistas. He would, however, regularly inform Alves about the actions and intentions of the government. His membership in the faction was kept hidden entirely. He sought to keep this secrecy and abstained from making declarations and public meetings, only appearing in important, clandestine meetings. On 21 May, Alves and Van-Dúnem were expelled from the MPLA. Days after, on 23 May, a meeting of the 9th Brigade required the reintegration of Nitista directors in the party and the Central Committee. On 24 May, Alves held the last secret meeting. The plan had also included the planned assassinations of Neto, Lara, Carreira, Saíde Mingas, and Lopo do Nascimento. The following day, Alves had a separate meeting with Caetano, who would have been named as Minister of Defense in a hypothetical Fraccionist-Nitista government. The coup attempt began on the morning of 27 May. Shaded vehicles from the 9th Brigade and a protest of the residents of the Sambizanga neighbourhood of Luanda were signals to initiate the coup. Going by the plan, the Nitistas occupied the Cadeia de São Paulo prison and Rádio Nacional de Angola's station. Various prominent figures in Neto's government were taken hostage. Neto, Nascimento, Lara, and Carreira, however, were not found. Angola's intelligence agency, the Directory of Information and Security of Angola (DISA) and the Cuban troops became involved in skirmishes and confrontations to dispel the rebellion. The Nitista leaders attempted to hide in Dembos, but DISA and the Cuban troops pursued them. Caetano was one of the first to be captured. The exact date and the circumstances of his death are not known, but he is presumed to have died in Luanda in 1977. Personal life On 26 February 1972, while in Brazzaville, he married fellow militant Luísa Mateus Pereira Inglês Ferreira, who went by the codenome Luísa Pensar Primeiro.Casamento de Luísa Inglês Pereira com Jacob João Caetano. ATD. 26 de fevereiro de 1972.Luísa Inglês Pereira. ATD. 2023. After his death, she served as a deputy for the MPLA at the Angolan National Assembly, with her being a member of the assembly until her death from natural causes in 2004.Resolução n.º 51/04. Assembleia Nacional. sumário: Aprova a perda por morte do mandato da Deputada Luísa Mateus Pereira Inglês Ferreira. Diário da República Iª Série N.º 101 - Imprensa Nacional Angola. With Luísa, they had a daughter, Florbela Caetano.Angola: Ossadas de Nito Alves, “Monstro Imortal”, “Sianouk” e Ilídio Ramalhete entregues às famílias. VOA Português. 8 June 2022. His nephew, Mário Caetano, also became a politician.Mário Caetano João: De empregado de McDonald's a Ministro da Economia de Angola. Luanda Post. 2 September 2021. Later declarations & reburial On 26 May 2021, Angolan president João Lourenço expressed his "sincere regrets" and apologized on behalf of the state after a speech in which he mentioned Caetano.Presidente angolano pede desculpas por execuções sumárias do 27 de maio. Portugal Digital. 26 May 2021 On 13 June 2022, the remains of Caetano were buried in Luanda, at Alto das Cruzes cemetery, in what was described as a solemn ceremony. President Lourenço was represent by his security service and military cabinet chief, Francisco Furtado, and had government representatives such as Minister of Justice Francisco Queiroz, Minister of the Interior Eugénio Laborinho, and by Telecommunications Minister Manuel Homem. Florbela Caetano, his daughter, thanked the president for the act of reparations to her family. References Category:1941 births Category:1977 deaths Category:People from Bengo Province Category:Angolan rebels Category:Angolan military personnel Category:Angolan independence activists Category:Angolan revolutionaries Category:20th-century Angolan politicians Category:MPLA politicians Category:African politicians assassinated in the 1970s

Conquest of Évora

The Conquest of Évora in 1165 was an episode of the Reconquista launched by Gerald the Fearless, who conquered the city from the Muslims during the night with a contingent of soldiers. Évora was then handed over to the Afonso I of Portugal and definitively integrated into his Kingdom. Background The conquest of the important port city of Alcácer do Sal in 1158, by the king of Portugal made the occupation of the interior Alentejo possible, if not inevitable.Alexandre Herculano: História de Portugal, volume I, 1846, p. 402. Évora was an important city in the west of the Iberian Peninsula and was taken by the Portuguese shortly afterwards. However, the Almohads reconquered it in 1161, following the Battle of Alcácer do Sal, together with all the conquests south of the Tagus except Alcácer do Sal.Alexandre Herculano: História de Portugal, volume I, 1846, p. 397. On November 30, 1162, a group of knight-villeins from Santarém conquered Beja during the night, in the same way that Afonso I had conquered Santarém in 1147. Gerald the Fearless suffered the displeasure of the king Afonso I due to violent crimes, therefore fled from justice, gathered a group of marginal or outlaw warriors around him and gave himself up to a life of rustling cattle, villages and Muslim castles on the Alentejo plain, which would eventually allow him to obtain a royal pardon.Samuel A. Dunham: The History of Spain and Portugal, Volume 3, 1832, pp. 184-185. Having on one occasion observed that Évora was poorly defended, the Fearless convinced his soldiers to risk conquering the city through a surprise attack. The Conquest thumb|Effigy of Gerald the Fearless in Évora's Cathedral. One night in September or October 1165, Gerald and his men seized a watchtower located on a hill near Évora and killed the sentry, without the city's garrison noticing anything. A detachment then hid near the city, while another approached the gates to provoke the garrison. The alarm was raised and a large contingent of Muslim troops quickly set out in their pursuit. The men were ambushed, but they climbed the doors while the garrison was outside and conquered the city, with many residents dying in the action. The Muslim forces later returned, upon realizing that the city was now in the hands of the Portuguese. They still tried to recover it, however, in vain; some died in action and abandoned it. Aftermath Gerald handed the city over to Afonso I of Portugal in exchange for money and the king not only forgave him but also appointed him as alcaide of Évora. The following year, a new Order of knights settled in Évora to help defend the city but, as it was not authorized by the Pope, they were integrated into the Order of Calatrava, which thus entered Portugal.H. V. Livermore: A History Of Portugal, Cambridge University Press, 1947, p. 99. In 1176, Afonso I donated the town of Coruche to this Order, so that they could build a castle there to protect the road that connected Santarém to Évora. thumb|Cross of the Order of Calatrava The city was besieged in 1180 by an Almohad army commanded by Mohammed Ibn Iusuf Ibn Wammudin, while another detachment destroyed Coruche.Carlos Selvagem: Portugal Militar: Compêndio de História Militar e Naval de Portugal Desde as Origens do Estado Portucalense Até o Fim da Dinastia de Bragança, 1931, p. 57. Évora, however, resisted the incursion and at the beginning of the following year the Muslims were forced to abandon the siege. When the Almohad Caliph invaded Portugal in 1191 at the head of a huge army, all Portuguese conquests south of the Tagus were lost with the exception of Évora, which remained a Christian enclave surrounded by Muslim territory.Barroca, Mário Jorge (2006). "Portugal". In Alan V. Murray (ed.). The Crusades: An Encyclopedia. pp. 979–984. Alentejo would only be definitively conquered between 1217 and 1238. See also Portugal in the Middle Ages Portugal in the Reconquista Battle of Évora (1808) References Category:Évora Category:Battles involving the Almohad Caliphate Category:Battles involving Portugal Category:Conflicts in 1165 Category:Battles involving Morocco

Maria Thopia

Lady Maria Thopia () was a 14th-15th century Albanian princess and a recognised illegitimate daughter of Karl Thopia, Prince of Albania by an unknown mistress. She married Filippo Maramonte, 1st Baron of Botrugno, chancellor and marshal of Ladislaus of Naples.Stefano Maramonte figlio del barone di Botrugno fu capitano di fanti in Lombardia." (Rivista storica salentina, 1905, p. 12) Early life 240px|thumb|St. John Vladimir's Church founded by Maria's father Nothing is known about Maria's early life except of her illegitimacy. Her father, Karl Thopia, was a son of Andrea I Thopia, Count of Matia and Hélène of Anjou. Her grandmother, was herself an illegitimate daughter of Robert, King of Naples, who was initially set to marry the Prince of Morea before breaking the engagement off.Elsie, Robert. Early Albania A Reader of Historical Texts, 11th-17th Centuries. Harrassowitz. p. 52. ISBN 978-3-4470-4783-8. "You should also know that King Robert, who was the King of Naples, sent one of his bastard daughters to the Prince of Morea for wife, but a great storm rose at sea and drove her ship towards the said town of Durres where she remained for several days..." Maria's father had another recognised illegitimate son, Niketa Thopia, and three legitimate children, Gjergj, Helena and Voisava by his wife Voisava of Zeta. It is not known whether or not Maria's and Niketa's mother were the same mistress, or if their father's affairs took place before or during his marriage to Voisava. Marriage thumb|Palazzo Marchesale di Botrugnothumb|right|Coat of arms of the Maramonte family Maria married Filippo Maramonte, member of the Maramonte family, who likely originated from Maramont in Artois, France and were feudal lords in Terra d'Otranto, Province of Chieti, Abruzzo Citra and County of Molise.Berardo Candida Gonzaga, 1882, p. 107 His parents, Maramonte di Maramonti and Isabella Antoglietta were married in 1352, when his mother brought as dowry the town of Matino.Ferdinando de Luca, 1852, p. 591Domenico Ludovico De Vincentiis, volume 4, 1878, p. 19. By 1400, Filippo was already a chancellor and marshal of Ladislaus of Naples.Intorno al 1384, Filippo Maramonte, esercitando "qualche commercio" nei Balcani, fu "protovestiario (Il titolo di protovestiario esisteva nella Serbia medievale dai tempi di Stefano Uroš II Milutin (1282-1321), re dei serbi, e il suo ruolo era quello di occuparsi delle finanze statali. Questa posizione veniva spesso assegnata a mercanti di Cattaro o Ragusa che avevano esperienza nella gestione delle finanze. Il titolo di protovestiario andò in disuso nel 1435 e le sue precedenti funzioni furono trasferite ai Kaznac.) di Đurađ II Stracimirović Balšić" (Giuseppe Gelcich, 1899, p. 317), Signore di Zeta (territorio in parte sovrapponibile a quello dell'attuale Montenegro) dal 1385 al 1403, data della morte di Đurađ II Stracimirović Balšić. Her brother-in-law, on the other hand, Carlo Maramonte, Lord of Campi was a Chamberlain of the king.Domenico Ludovico De Vincentiis, volume 4, 1878, p.135. The couple had three children together. Refuge of Helena Thopia After the death of her husband, Kostandin Balsha in 1402 and the capture of the city of Krujë by Niketa in 1403, Helena Thopia and her son took refuge with Maria and her family.Anamali, Skënder and Prifti, Kristaq. Historia e popullit shqiptar në katër vëllime. Botimet Toena, 2002, ISBN 99927-1-622-3 pp. 251-252 She had been appointed by their father as Lady of Krujë in her own right, but her reign encountered constant attacks and conflicts by their half-brother Niketa, who eventually took control of the city. Maria's nephew, Stefan was raised by the couple and as a result was referred to as Stefan Maramonte by the Venetians and Ragusans.Bešić, Zarij M. (1970), Istorija Crne Gore / 2. Crna gora u doba oblasnih gospodara. (in Serbian), Titograd: Redakcija za istoiju Crne Gore, p. 119, OCLC 175122851, ...може се као доста поуздано прихватити дшшљење да је Стефан Балшић Марамонте био син Конставл-ина Балшића и Јелене Тогшје....његова је удовица отишла у Млетке, а затим се повуклакод своје рођаке Марије Топија, удате за Фшшпа Марамонте...Ду-бровчани и Млечани често називали Стефан Марамонте. Family tree References Maria Category:15th-century Albanian people Category:14th-century women Category:14th-century Italian women Category:Medieval Albanian nobility Category:15th-century women Category:Albanian nobility Category:Albanian princesses

Jade LeMac

Jade LeMac is a Canadian singer and songwriter. A self-taught piano and guitar player, LeMac has gained popularity on both TikTok and Spotify, later releasing multiple albums and singles on Arista Records. As of August 2024, LeMac has amassed over 1.1 million monthly streamers on Spotify. Early life LeMac hails from Vancouver, Canada. She recounts growing up with a very musical family: "No one was playing any instruments, but we were vocally, very musical at the same time, I was always surrounded by it." She also sang outside her mother's store, trying to attract new customers to come in. LeMac started writing her own songs by the time she was in middle school. At age 14, LeMac provided vocals for multiple dance singles produced by the electronic label Monstercat. LeMac is self-taught on both piano and guitar. Career LeMac released her debut single "Constellations" in August of 2021, which went viral on Spotify, accumulating over 1 million streams within the first month. In 2023, LeMac signed with Arista Records. She also released her first EP, Constellations, named after her first single. Xtra Magazine called the album the "perfect introduction to this young singer-songwriter whose creations feel authentic and not bound by trend or genre". LeMac released her second album, Confessions, in late 2023. "Car Accident", a single off the album, has been called a "testament to the artist's creative skill". LeMac openly posts about being part the LGBTQ+ community, citing her own popularity on TikTok. Awards and honors In 2022, LeMac was featured on GLAAD's 20 Under 20 list of "Outstanding Young LGBTQ Changemakers" In 2024, LeMac was nominated for GLAAD's Outstanding Breakthrough Music Artist award Discography Albums Constellations (2023) Confessions (2023) EPs Confessions (2023)Confessions (Stripped)'' (2023) Singles "Constellations" (2021) "Let Me" (2021) "Same Place" (2022) "Meet You in Hell" (2022) "Car Accident (Chill Version)" (2023) "Got Me Obsessed" (2023) "Narcissistic" (2024) References Category:Living people Category:21st-century Canadian women singers Category:21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters Category:Canadian indie pop musicians Category:Canadian LGBT musicians Category:Canadian women singer-songwriters Category:Singers from Vancouver Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Rezin Hammond

Colonel Rezin Hammond (1745–1809) was a United States revolutionary patriot and politician from Anne Arundel County, Maryland. He represented his county as a delegate at the Maryland Convention and later in the Maryland House of Delegates. Hammond served as a Colonel in the Anne Arundel County Militia during the American Revolution, and was known for his radical revolutionary views. He advocated publicly for extending voting privileges to all free men, regardless of their landholdings. Despite his progressive stance on voting rights, Hammond was a wealthy plantation owner who owned slaves. Biography left|thumb|Howard's Adventure, childhood home of Rezin Hammond in Gambrills, Maryland Rezin Hammond was born into a politically influential family at Howard's Adventure, their country home near Gambrills, Maryland. He was one of nine children born to Major Philip Hammond (1697–1760) and Rachel Brice Hammond (1711–1786). His maternal grandfather, John Brice Jr., was one of Maryland's largest landowners, and Rezin was named after his paternal uncle. He would grow to be very close with his brother Mathias Hammond (1740–1786). Following in his father's footsteps, Hammond became a planter and politician, representing the fourth generation of his family to enter politics. He would be elected to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 9th sessions of the Maryland Conventions, and took part in Maryland's constitutional convention. Hammond later served in the Maryland House of Delegates for Anne Arundel County before resigning during the third session. As a politician, he was known for his opposition to English power and his advocacy for democratic reforms. From 1783 to 1785, he served as the commissioner of tax. Revolutionary activities thumb|Rendering of the Burning of the Peggy Stewart by Francis Blackwell Mayer Rezin Hammond, along with his brother Mathias, became deeply involved in radical revolutionary politics. He served in the Anne Arundel County Militia and on the Annapolis Committee of Safety and Committee of Correspondence.https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/923ea801-52ff-4a80-ad5b-e7f01f8de211 An early advocate for independence, Hammond strongly opposed British taxation. In 1774, the Hammond brothers led Anne Arundel County radicals in denouncing the owners of the Peggy Stewart for violating the boycott on tea imports following the Tea Act of 1773. Their efforts culminated in a public meeting that led to the burning of the ship and its contents in Annapolis harbor. Hammond personally boarded the ship to set it alight. Hammond was appointed lieutenant colonel for the Severn Battalion in 1776, and rose to the rank of colonel by 1795. He actively fought against the British during the Revolutionary War, and was highly regarded among Maryland revolutionaries: Colonel Edward Gaither of the Elk Ridge battalion bequeathed Hammond a horse and a sword in his will.The founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland. A genealogical and biographical review from wills, deeds He was described as leading a "little warrior band" during the Revolutionary War, and had a sincere attachment to American independence. At the Maryland Convention, Hammond led a radical faction alongside John Hall, known as the Hall-Hammond faction. They advocated for voting rights for all free taxpayers, regardless of property holdings.An American's first essay, columns 1093 & 1094. A form of government proposed for the consideration of the citizens of Anne Arundel County. MSA SC 2221-4-2 June 1776. Maryland Gazette. This stance was controversial, especially given Hammond's status as heir to one of Maryland's largest landowners.Ronald Hoffman, A Spirit of Dissension: Economics, Politics, and the Revolution in Maryland (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973) On August 15, 1776, an essay titled "Watchman" appeared in the Maryland Gazette arguing for universal male suffrage, which has been attributed to Hammond. The essay, and the popular support behind it, had a significant impact on the convention. While property holdings remained a prerequisite for voting, the requirement was lowered and the holding of multiple offices was prohibited. Assassination attempt On April 25, 1791, Hammond survived an assassination attempt by Elijah Gaither, who had come to Hammond's home with two pistols and a gun. One of Hammond's slaves saved his life during the assault, and the assailant fled. Governor of Maryland John Eager Howard issued a proclamation in the Maryland Gazette for Gaither's apprehension, and Hammond offered a substantial reward of four hundred dollars for his capture. Slave holdings Despite his progressive views on voting rights, Hammond was a substantial slaveholder, who owned and used slaves to tend his vast property holdings. He inherited 12 slaves from his father's estate in 1760, which increased to 72 slaves in 1783, and by 1798, he had become the second-largest slaveholder in the county. In 1794, he sent two slaves named Ben and Will to work several months at the Northampton Iron Works to "improve their obedience" and remove them from their connections. He is known to have freed several slaves during his lifetime, among them "Negro Moses" who would later be employed at the Maryland State House. At the time of Hammond's death, he owned 166 slaves, over 14,000 acres of property, and a law library. Although he provided for the manumission of his slaves in his will, this request was not honored by his heirs, and it took some of his former slaves decades to win their freedom. thumb|329x329px|Burleigh Manor pictured in 1936 Burleigh manor In the late 1790s and early 1800s, Hammond built Burleigh Manor, also known as "Hammonds Inheritance" in Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland. The property, built on a 2,300-acre (930 ha) estate, is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland. The house is fifteen miles west of Baltimore, Maryland. According to local folklore, the house was built for a prospective bride and family, which never took up residence. Hammond would share the home with his nephews and their families. Death Hammond never married, and died on September 1, 1809, at the age of 65. He was buried in the family plot at Howard's Adventure. His obituary characterized him as an "inflexible friend" and "upright citizen". His substantial property holdings were distributed among his nephews, Denton Hammond and Matthias Hammond, and provisions were made for thirty-two of his former slaves in his will, which included land, weapons, horses and tools. External links References Category:Continental Army officers from Maryland Category:Burials in Maryland Category:1809 deaths Category:1745 births Category:People from colonial Maryland Category:18th-century Maryland politicians Category:American revolutionaries Category:Plantation owners Category:American planters Category:American slave owners Category:Maryland militiamen in the American Revolution Category:18th-century American legislators Category:People of Maryland in the American Revolution Category:Colonial politicians from Maryland Category:Merchants from colonial Maryland

Milo C. Bushnell

Milo Cornelius Bushnell (May 2, 1824December 11, 1897) was an American farmer, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Winnebago County during the 1867 and 1868 terms. He was among the earliest American settlers at Omro, Wisconsin, and served as chairman of the Winnebago County board of supervisors during 1872 and 1873. His name was often abbreviated as Wisconsin pioneer Milo C. Bushnell was born May 2, 1824, in the town of Waitsfield, Vermont. He was raised and educated there, working on his father's farm until about age 20. At that age, he went to work on another farm for pay; after accumulating $75 in savings, he went west to Illinois. After teaching school there for $11 per month over the winter, he went north into the Wisconsin Territory in 1846, and settled in the town of Omro, Wisconsin. He became the first person to purchase land in the town of Omro, buying 120 acres at $1.25 per acre from the government. The land had a significant prairie stretch and did not require much clearing of trees; within a year, Bushnell had 43 acres of fenced land and 15 acres of wheat. In 1849, he built a house on the land—it was the second frame house erected in Omro, and the first to receive a coat of paint. After eight years of improvements, he sold his farm for a profit in 1854, and moved to a new farm. There, he built a new house, and resided until 1866, when he sold again. After selling his second farm, he bought a 3-acre property in the village of Omro, where he raised apples and cultivated a plant nursery. His apples and apple trees became the primary source of his income for much of the rest of his life. Political career Bushnell identified with the Whig Party when he first came to Wisconsin, but quickly became a staunch Republican when that party was established in 1854. As a Whig, he was elected assessor of Omro township in 1848, and was elected chairman of the town board in 1849, serving as an ex officio member of the county board. During the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, he was appointed U.S. assessor of internal revenue for the western half of Winnebago County, and continued holding the office under president Andrew Johnson, serving seven years. In 1866, he was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in what was then Winnebago County's 3rd Assembly district. The district at that time comprised roughly the southwest quarter of Winnebago County. During his first term in the Assembly, he simultaneously held the offices of state representative, federal revenue assessor, and town chairman. After winning his second term in the Assembly, he resigned as federal revenue assessor, but was also elected to the local school board. He ultimately served fifteen years on the county board, and was elected chairman of the county board in May 1872, serving until November 1873. He served 27 years on the school board, resigning in the mid-1890s, when he largely retired from public life. Personal life and family Milo Bushnell was the second of five children born to Jedidiah Bushnell and his wife Abigail ( Taylor). When he was first getting established in Wisconsin, Bushnell was still unmarried. His widowed sister Cornelia came to live with him in the late 1840s, to take care of his housekeeping, and ultimately recommended he get married. He returned to Vermont in 1851, where he met Marcy Goss Taylor. They married on September 18 of that year. They returned to Omro, but Marcy died just six months later, in April 1852. In 1853, Bushnell married for a second time, this time to Mary Saloma Bidwell, of St. Lawrence County, New York. Together they had five children, but two died in infancy and one other died in childhood. Mary died in 1866, after 13 years of marriage. Bushnell married for a third and final time in 1867, to Mrs. Mary Jane Shafer ( Bradish). He had no further children with his third wife, but became a step-father to her daughter, Josephine. Milo C. Bushnell died at his home in Omro on December 11, 1897, after a brief illness. Only one of his biological children survived him, his daughter Linnie. References Category:1824 births Category:1897 deaths Category:People from Waitsfield, Vermont Category:People from Omro, Wisconsin Category:County supervisors in Wisconsin Category:Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly Category:Farmers from Wisconsin Category:19th-century American legislators Category:19th-century Wisconsin politicians Category:Wisconsin pioneers Category:Burials in Wisconsin

Københavns Hørkræmmerlaug

thumb|The front page of the royal charter from 1722. Københavns Hørkræmmerlaug was one of five merchant's guilds in Copenhagen, Denmark. It organized citizens with citizenship (borgerskab) as hørkræmmer, a tyoe of retailer with license to deal in a wide range of specified products. History Københavns Hørkræmmerlaug first royal charter was granted by Frederick IV in 1722. The hørkræmmer shops were typically located close to the city gates or the city's principal marketplaces. In 1742, Københavns Hørkræmmerlaug acquired a 20-year monopoly on trade with Iceland. In 1758, it was discontinued due to the guild's harsh treatment of the Icelandic population. Membership Citizenship as a hørkrlmmer required that the candidate were 25 years old and had been an apprentice for seven years. The latter requirement did not apply for sons of a hørkræmmer who could become a hørkræmmersvend (trained employee of a hørkræmmer) from the age of 18 provided that they had worked in their father's shop. Hørkræmmer shops were lixensed to deal in a wide range of products. These included flax, hampe, hobs, bar iron, untreated steel, tar, birch, whale oil, salt, salted meet, salted and cured fish, masonry heaters, coal, Russian leather and wheetstones. Aldermen 17261747: David Johan Berendz (Berndt) 1747-: Hans Christian Brock 1790198: Børge Nicolai Fogh 1798-:Tgøger From Caspar Müller Notable members This list is incomplete Name Citizenship Location Notes Christopher Jensen Fogh 1722- 1822- Skindergade 45 David Johan Berendz 1722- Oluf (Ole) Hansen Aagaard 1722- Bertel Jegind 1723- Nyhavn 65 Jacob Hørgensen Klog 1824- Nørregade 53 Hans Christian Brock 1726- Olud Mandix Hans Wesling 1757- Skindergade 45 Christen Nielsen Waage 1753- Admiralgade 25 Hams Pedersen Scane 1768- Thøger From 1775 Rosenborggade 1 Christian Stæhr 1777 - Amagertorv 1 Christian Jørgensen - 1787 - Nyhavn 3 Peter Andreas Valentin - 1787 - Lille Strandstræde 18 Peder Waagens - 1787 - Vestergade 1 Mads Jacobsen Tvermoes 1798- Kultorvet Christian Bechmann - 1801 - Læderstræde 36 Andreas Christen Lund - 1801 - Snaregade 14 Isack Bergeskou - 1801 - Snaregade 10 Wulf Jacob Berns - 1801 - Læderstræde 11 NielsFrederik Høffding - 1801 - Nørregade 1 Hector Fr. Janson Worsøe - 1830 - Bestergade 16 Vilhelm Anders Syndergaard - 1840 - Højbro Plads 17 Gector Frederik Hansen - 1860 - Nyhavn 13 Salomon Heimann David - 1860 - Kompagnistræde 32 Hans Johanes Rønne - 1860 - Kompagnistræde 20 Firther reading Jensen, Sigurd: EN LAVSSAG FRA CA. 1840, Historiske Meddelelser om København. Urtekrømmerlaiget Guilds Irtekræmmerforeningen References External links Source Category:1722 establishments in Denmark Category:Organizations based in Copenhagen Category:Economy of Copenhagen

Battle of Palmela

The Battle of Palmela, which took place in 1165, was an armed encounter during the Reconquista between King Afonso I of Portugal and the Muslim governor of Badajoz, who was defeated at the time. History In 1158, the king of Portugal conquered the important port city of Alcácer do Sal and after this city fell into his hands, numerous other villages in the Alentejo surrendered or were conquered. All of these positions were reconquered by the Almohads after the Battle of Alcácer do Sal in 1161, except for Alcácer, which remained in Catholic hands.Alexandre Herculano: História de Portugal, I, 1846, p. 397. On February 21, 1165, Afonso I conquered the castle of Sesimbra after realizing that the fortification was poorly defended.Manuel Sílvio Alves Conde: Sesimbra, Sobre a Costa do Mar (Séculos XII-XIII) in ARQUIPÉLAGO • HISTÓRIA, 2ª série, VII (2003), p. 252.José Augusto Oliveria: "Vigiar o Tejo, Vigiar o Mar: A Definição dos Concelhos de Almada e Sesimbra" in Da Conquista de Lisboa à Conquista de Alcácer 1147-1217, Edições Colibri, 2019, p. 291. The Almohad governor of Badajoz, the largest and most powerful Muslim city in the west of the peninsula, as soon as he learned of what had happened, left for the region to reconquer the castle with a large detachment of soldiers, including knights and pawns.Samuel A. Dunham: The History of Spain and Portugal, Volume 3, 1832, pp. 184. However, the Muslims advanced in poor order. Upon learning of the governor's approach, the Portuguese king took to the field and defeated him in battle near Palmela. Following the battle, Palmela surrendered. In the same year of the conquest of Sesimbra, the battle of Palmela and the occupation of Palmela took place, Évora was also conquered by Gerald the Fearless. See also Portugal in the Middle Ages Portugal in the Reconquista References Category:Battles involving the Almohad Caliphate Category:Battles involving Portugal Category:Conflicts in 1165 Category:Battles involving Morocco

Castle Rock (San Juan County, Utah)

Castle Rock is a summit in San Juan County, Utah, United States. Description Castle Rock is situated north-northeast of the Monument Valley Tribal Park Visitor Center, on Navajo Nation land. It is an iconic landform of Monument Valley and can be seen from Highway 163. Precipitation runoff from this landform's slopes drains into the San Juan River drainage basin. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises above the surrounding terrain in 0.25 mile (0.4 km). This landform's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. It is so named because the butte resembles the silhouette of a castle.Monument Valley, City of Aztec, aztecnm.com, Retrieved 2024-08-28. The first ascent of the summit was made on May 8, 1960, by Harvey T. Carter, Layton Kor, and John Auld.First Ascent Timeline, deserttowersbook.com, Retrieved 2024-08-28.Layton Kor, Beyond the Vertical, Rowman & Littlefield, 2013, , p. 57. Geology Castle Rock is composed of three principal strata. The bottom layer is slope-forming Organ Rock Shale, the next stratum is cliff-forming De Chelly Sandstone, and the upper layer is Moenkopi Formation. The rock ranges in age from Permian at the bottom to Triassic at the top. The buttes and mesas of Monument Valley are the result of the Organ Rock Shale being more easily eroded than the overlaying sandstone.Monument Valley, Arizona, Arizona Geological Survey, Retrieved 2024-08-24. Climate Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit Castle Rock. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a semi-arid climate zone with cold winters and hot summers. Summers average 54 days above annually, and highs rarely exceed . Summer nights are comfortably cool, and temperatures drop quickly after sunset. Winters are cold, but daytime highs are usually above freezing. Winter temperatures below are uncommon, though possible. This desert climate receives less than of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.Climate Summary for Kayenta, Arizona Gallery See also List of appearances of Monument Valley in the media Castle Butte (Valley of the Gods) References External links Weather: Castle Rock Category:Colorado Plateau Category:Landforms of San Juan County, Utah Category:North American 1000 m summits Category:Geography of the Navajo Nation Category:Sandstone formations of the United States Category:Buttes of Utah

Embassy of the Philippines, Helsinki

The Embassy of the Philippines in Helsinki was the diplomatic mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the Republic of Finland. Opened in 2009, it was located on Keskuskatu in central Helsinki, across from the flagship Stockmann department store. Closed in 2012 due to a reduction in the Philippines' diplomatic presence worldwide during the presidency of Benigno Aquino III, the mission is scheduled to reopen in 2024. History Diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Finland were established on July 14, 1955, although a resident mission would not open until much later. Relations were initially conducted through the Philippine Embassy in London, with President Ramon Magsaysay appointing León María Guerrero III as non-resident ambassador to Finland. Jurisdiction over Finland would later pass between various missions in Europe, including the embassies in Bonn, Moscow, and Stockholm. Deepening relations, especially economic ties, between the Philippines and Finland would lead to the opening of the Embassy on November 2, 2009, during the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, alongside resident missions also opening that year in Ireland, Poland, and Portugal. It would take over responsibility for conducting relations with Finland from the Philippine Embassy in Stockholm ten days later, and consular services would later be offered starting on April 12, 2010, with the opening of the Embassy's consular section. Expansion of the Philippines' diplomatic presence abroad during the Arroyo presidency was not without controversy: in 2010, Senator Franklin Drilon questioned the need for embassies in countries with small Filipino communities, including a number of countries in Europe, and called for a review of the Philippines' diplomatic presence worldwide. This would lead to the closure of ten posts under Arroyo's successor, Benigno Aquino III, and ultimately to the closure of the embassies in Finland and Sweden on October 31, 2012, with both countries being placed under the jurisdiction of the Philippine Embassy in Oslo, and services in Finland provided through an honorary consulate in Helsinki. Finland was then later placed under the jurisdiction of the reopened Philippine Embassy in Stockholm on May 15, 2020, and a second honorary consulate, replacing the first one, opened in Espoo two months later on July 16, 2020. On November 15, 2022, during budget deliberations for the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), Senator Loren Legarda announced that the Embassy was one of four missions that would reopen in 2024. Spurred in part by the reopening of the Finnish Embassy in Manila in 2020, this was reaffirmed by Vice President Sara Duterte in October 2023, and some time thereafter the DFA itself confirmed that it was undertaking final preparations for the reopening of a resident Philippine mission in Finland in 2024. Staff and activities The Philippine Embassy in Helsinki was headed by Ambassador Maria Angelina M. Sta. Catalina, the Philippines' first (and so far, only) resident ambassador to Finland. A career diplomat who was appointed to the position by President Arroyo, she previously served as Consul General at the Philippine Embassy in Brussels. Her appointment was confirmed by the Commission on Appointments (CA) on May 20, 2009, and she presented her credentials to Finnish President Tarja Halonen on November 12, 2009. With the Embassy's impending reopening it is set to be headed by a new ambassador, Domingo P. Nolasco, who was appointed to the position by President Bongbong Marcos on June 25, 2024. Prior to becoming Ambassador, Nolasco, a career diplomat, served as the DFA's Assistant Secretary for Financial Management Services, and before that served at the Philippine Embassy in Rome as ambassador to Italy. His appointment was confirmed by the CA on August 7, 2024. See also List of diplomatic missions of the Philippines References External links Official website of the Philippine Embassy in Helsinki () P H

Finalement

Finalement () is a 2024 French comedy drama film directed by Claude Lelouch. It premiered at the 81st Venice International Film Festival on 2 September 2024 and will receive a theatrical release in France on 13 November 2024. Premise A lawyer, having lost his ability to tell lies, embarks on a road trip across France. Cast Kad Merad as Lino Massaro Elsa Zylberstein as Léa, Lino's wife Michel Boujenah as Michel Sandrine Bonnaire as Sandrine Barbara Pravi as Barbara, Lino's daughter as Manon Marianne Denicourt François Morel Clémentine Célarié Lionel Abelanski Dominique Pinon Julie Ferrier Françoise Fabian as Françoise, Lino's mother Ibrahim Maalouf Victor Meutelet Jean Dujardin Marie-Hélène Lentini Thomas Levet Production Regarding the film, director Claude Lelouch stated, "Finalement is certainly a film about France, but also about the French, about family, about freedom, about solitude, about appearances, about music, about cinema." He stated that the character of Lino was inspired by "brilliant attorneys" such as Robert Badinter and Éric Dupond-Moretti. Filming took place in Beaune and Saône-et-Loire in mid-2023. Filming also took place at the Stéphane Rolland fashion show at the Palais Garnier on 4 July 2023. Music Release The film premiered at the 81st Venice International Film Festival on 2 September 2024. Reception Boyd van Hoeij of Screen Daily wrote, "The sheer filmmaking pleasure and mastery of Lelouch behind the camera is especially evident in the first hour or so, with [Stéphane] Mazalaigue's editing deserving a special mention for how it keeps all of the different narrative layers laid out so clearly. But the plot's necessity to build to some kind of logical finale with increasingly higher stakes causes an initially smooth-running train to increasingly splutter." Guy Lodge of Variety called the film "cluttered, often baffling" and wrote, "[Claude Lelouch] falls some way short of his glory days in this muddled, sentimental tale of a lawyer grappling with mortality and truth, but his devotees will find much to chew on." Jan Lumholdt of Cineuropa called the film "a mixture of 'greatest hits' put in a bag of old tricks, shaken and stirred". Alberto Crespi of La Repubblica gave the film four out of five stars, writing, "...[T]his new film, despite some slowness in the finale, is a delight. And above all it is a surprising film." Movieplayer.it gave the film three out of five stars, calling it a "half-successful film" and writing, "...Lelouch's film manages to demonstrate the lability of human existence; a performance recited without scripts, but improvising, just like a jazz concert. Between constant leaps between reality and imagination, the film ultimately borders on an unsustainable paroxysm, which disorients and slows down the process of identification of a confused and not always happy audience." References External links Category:2020s road comedy-drama films Category:2020s French films Category:2020s French-language films Category:2024 films Category:Films about lawyers Category:Films about lying Category:Films directed by Claude Lelouch Category:Films set in France Category:Films set in Normandy Category:Films set in Paris Category:Films set in Pays de la Loire Category:Films shot in Côte-d'Or Category:Films shot in France Category:Films shot in Paris Category:Films shot in Saône-et-Loire Category:France 2 Cinéma films Category:French comedy-drama films Category:French-language comedy-drama films Category:French musical comedy-drama films Category:French road comedy-drama films

Statue of Roger Ebert

C-U at the Movies is a statue of film critic Roger Ebert located outside of the Virginia Theatre in Champaign, Illinois. The bronze statue was designed by sculptor Rick Harney. It was unveiled at the 2014 Ebertfest—an annual film festival established by Ebert and held at the theater—and formally dedicated later that year. The interactive artwork consists of a sculpture of a seated Ebert giving a thumbs-up, with two empty seats allowing for visitors to pose with him. History Roger Ebert was a film critic who worked for the Chicago Sun-Times newspaper. During his career, he became the first film critic to be awarded a Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, which he won in 1975, and hosted the nationally broadcast film review television program At the Movies with fellow critic Gene Siskel. Additionally, he established Ebertfest, an annual film festival held at the Virginia Theatre in Champaign, Illinois, near his hometown of Urbana, with the intention of screening what he considered to be overlooked films. He died in April 2013 due to cancer. Plans for a statue of Ebert started around 2011. Donna Anderson, the travel agent for Ebertfest, had the idea while awaiting a heart transplantation at the McGaw Medical Center. The overall design came about after she saw a statue of politician Adlai Stevenson II at the Central Illinois Regional Airport near Bloomington. That statue had been designed by Rick Harney, a sculptor based out of Normal, Illinois, who was contacted to design a statue of Ebert in a similar style. Carney was at the time retired and not accepting commissions for new art pieces, but accepted the work as both he and his autistic son were fans of Ebert and bonded over his film reviews. The Public Art League, a nonprofit organization, oversaw the project, working in collaboration with the Champaign Park District, the University of Illinois College of Media, and the city governments of both Champaign and Urbana to erect the statue outside of the Virginia Theatre in downtown Champaign. The statue project was publicly announced in September 2013, and the following month, Harney created an initial model made of cardboard, Plastilina, and plywood. It took him about six months to create the finished sculpture. The finished sculpture was cast at a foundry in Mount Morris, Illinois. Much of the financing for the project came from fundraising, which was coordinated by Scott Anderson, Donna's husband, and included donations from about 150 people and organizations, including film director Martin Scorsese and Ebert's widow, Chaz. Incentives for donating included a miniature version of the statue to anyone who gave at least $10,000 to the project. The total cost of the project was $122,500 (), with the city government of Champaign covering the installation and lighting costs of $10,000. Unveiling and dedication thumb|300x300px|The statue (visible at left in 2017) was unveiled outside of the Virginia Theatre in Champaign, Illinois, on April 24, 2014, during Ebertfest. At noon on April 24, 2014, during the second day of that year's Ebertfest, Donna and Scott Anderson officially unveiled the statue outside of the theater. Scott served as the unofficial master of ceremonies for the event, which drew an audience of about 200 people. Allegro non molto by Antonio Vivaldi was played during the unveiling. During the ceremony, Chaz stated that her late husband would have been honored by the statue, but also embarrassed due to his modesty. Chaz also stated that Ebert was hesitant to have a statue erected in his honor, telling her "I don't want it to be like a carnival attraction. If it's art, that's one thing. If it's a carnival attraction, that's another thing". However, Ebert ultimately left the decision up to Chaz, who was convinced by Donna of the artistic merit of the sculpture and gave the project her blessing. The statue was only a temporary exhibit during the festival, being fixed on a wooden platform near the theater. However, the organizers planned for it to be permanently installed at a later date. Following the festival, the Champaign Park District, which also owns the theater, took ownership of the sculpture, further agreeing to oversee its permanent placement and insurance. The statue's permanent installation occurred on July 1, with a dedication taking place on July 3. Chaz attended this ceremony, which drew a crowd of about 200 people. Also during the dedication, two plaques—a commemorative one about Ebert and another that listed donors who gave more than $1,000 to the project—were also installed near the statue. The commemorative plaque reads: In April 2015, prior to the start of that year's Ebertfest, Harney performed some minor preservation work on the statue, applying wax to certain parts of the sculpture in order to hinder oxygenation. Design The statue, officially titled C-U at the Movies as a reference to Ebert's signature complimentary close, is made of bronze and depicts a life-size Ebert sitting in a theatre chair flanked by two empty seats on either side. Chaz has described the work as "interactive art", as it allows for people to sit alongside Ebert. Ebert is giving a thumbs-up, a hand sign he used on At the Movies to indicate a good film. At Chaz's request, Ebert is depicted as he would have looked in his 50s or 60s, when the film festival first began. Also at Chaz's request, Carney said that he made Ebert look slimmer. The sculpture is wide and weighs several hundred pounds. It is located outside of the theater, near the intersection of Park Avenue and Randolph Street, facing north. Notes References Further reading Category:2014 establishments in Illinois Category:2014 sculptures Category:Bronze sculptures in Illinois Category:Buildings and structures in Champaign, Illinois Category:Interactive art Category:Monuments and memorials in Illinois Category:Outdoor sculptures in Illinois Category:Roger Ebert Category:Sculptures of men in Illinois Category:Statues in Illinois

2024 French political crisis

France entered a political crisis after the 2024 French legislative election organized by the French president Emmanuel Macron in June 2024. The results placed the left-wing coalition New Popular Front (NFP) in first place (193 MPs) above the presidential party, Renaissance (RE) (166 MPs), in second place, and the far-right party National Rally (RN) (142 MPs) in third place. The French government submitted its resignation on 15 July 2024, but was kept in place by the president while awaiting the appointment of a new prime minister to form a new government. At the same time, the caretaker French government continued operations in New Caledonia aimed at "pacifying" the region following unrest and uprisings sparked by a controversial reform. Emmanuel Macron announced to delay the appointment of a new prime minister until after the Paris 2024 Summer Olympics. Initially, Macron announced that he would chose a new prime minister in mid-August. In mid-August, Emmanuel Macron said that he would begin consultations with the main political parties on 23 August. On 26 August, the French president announced his refusal to appoint the NFP candidate as prime minister, contrary to the usual practice of cohabitation in the French Republic, which typically involves the leader of the largest party in the National Assembly being appointed as prime minister. While Macron would like to see a centrist coalition form and called for another round of consultations, the Greens and a faction of the Socialist Party (PS), both minority members of the NFP, have announced their refusal to participate in further discussions. The National Rally (RN), meanwhile, maintained a low-key attitude, aiming to capitalize on the disputes between Macron and the leftist parties that won the elections. This decision plunged France into a political crisis and was followed by an announcement from France Unbowed (LFI), the main party of the NFP, stating their intention to initiate impeachment proceedings against the French president. This was done on the 31st of August. The caretaker government remained in place so far for 47 days as of 31 August, a very unusual situation in French history and politics, unprecedented since the previous record of 1962, when the fallen Pompidou government stayed for 62 days. If no government were to be appointed by September 16, it would be the longest period without a government in French modern history. Background After the snap legislative elections called by French president Emmanuel Macron in response to the results of the previous month's European elections, where the far-right National Rally (RN) came out on top, his party was defeated and finished in second place (166 MPs), behind the left-wing coalition of the New Popular Front (NFP) (193 MPs) and above the far-right National Rally (RN) (142 MPs). The French government submitted its resignation on 15 July 2024, after being reduced to a minority. At the same time, the caretaker French government was engaged in trying to handle the 2024 New Caledonia unrest, following the presidential party's attempt to implement a controversial reform of voting rights on the island in May 2024. Events Macron decided to hold off until mid-August, announcing that an 'Olympic truce' should be respected, which was already a singular choice in French politics. By mid-August, he had still not appointed a prime minister but instead announced his intention to consult with the various parties, which was done on 23 August. On 26 August, after meeting the leaders of the National Rally (RN), Marine Le Pen and Jordan Bardella, Macron announced that, contrary to the usual practice of cohabitation in France, he would not appoint Lucie Castets, the candidate nominated by the NFP to become prime minister. This decision exacerbated the French political crisis, and France Unbowed (LFI), the main party within the NFP, announced its intention to initiate impeachment proceedings against him. While Macron would have liked to see a centrist coalition form and called for another round of consultations, the Greens and a faction of the Socialist Party (PS), both minority members of the NFP, announced their refusal to participate in further discussions. The National Rally (RN), meanwhile, maintained a low-key attitude, aiming to capitalize on the disputes between Macron and the leftist parties that won the elections. Various organizations called for protests and strikes to be held on the 7th September. On 28 August, former French president (2012-2017) François Hollande, a member of the NFP himself, called the crisis an 'institutional fault'. On the same day, Macron announced that he would meet the leaders of the French regions. On 29 August, the Socialist Party opened its summer university, where two opposing factions were expected to clash: those aligned with the political stance of the party's president, Olivier Faure, supporting Lucie Castets' candidacy, and the dissenters, such as Carole Delga and Bernard Cazeneuve, who advocated for an alliance with Emmanuel Macron's party and what they call the 'republican forces'. Macron notably spoke with Delga on the morning of the 29. Meanwhile, the General Confederation of Labour (CGT), France's largest union, condemned what it called a 'power grab' by the French president and called for a day of strikes and protests on October 1st against the budget announced by the caretaker government, while refusing to say to participate in the 7 September planned protests, announcing that they preferred to focus on social and economic issues instead of political ones. The same evening, Ségolène Royal, a former Socialist presidential candidate (2007) who left the Socialist Party in 2017 when she was appointed as ambassador by Macron, before 'discreetly' rejoining the party in 2021 after being ousted from her ambassadorial post, announced that she was 'available' for the position. On the 30th of August, right-wing former president (2007-2012) Nicolas Sarkozy called for a 'right-wing' prime minister to be named. On the 31st of August, France Unbowed (LFI) officially launched the proceedings to impeach Emmanuel Macron, using article 68 of the French constitution, that states that :The President of the Republic can only be removed from office in the event of a breach of duties that is clearly incompatible with the exercise of their mandate. References Category:Government crises Category:2024 in French politics Category:Political history of France Category:Modern history of France Category:Political history of France Category:Presidency of Emmanuel Macron Category:Social movements in Europe

2024–25 Xavier Musketeers men's basketball team

The 2024–25 Xavier Musketeers men's basketball team represented Xavier University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season as a member of the Big East Conference. Led by Sean Miller in the third season of his second stint after coaching the Musketeers from 2004 to 2009, they played their home games at the Cintas Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. Previous season The Musketeers finished the 2023–24 season 16–18, 9–11 in Big East play, to finish in a tie for eighth place. In the Big East tournament, they defeated Butler in the first round before losing in the quarterfinals to UConn. The team received an at-large bid to the NIT in the Wake Forest Bracket, where lost in the first round to Georgia. Offseason Departures Name Number Pos. Height Weight Year Hometown Reason for departure Desmond Claude 1 G 6'6" 203 Sophomore New Haven, CT Transferred to USC Quincy Olivari 8 G 6'3" 200 Senior Atlanta, GA Graduated/undrafted in 2024 NBA draft; signed with the Los Angeles Lakers Reid Ducharme 11 G/F 6'7" 195 Freshman Milton, MA Transferred to Siena Kam Craft 12 F 6'6" 211 Sophomore Buffalo Grove, IL Transferred to Miami (OH) Kachi Nzeh 15 C 6'8" 230 Freshman Upper Darby, PA Transferred to Penn State Lazar Đjoković 17 F 6'10" 230 Freshman Gornji Milanovac, Serbia Transferred to College of Charleston Saša Ciani 21 F 6'9" 240 Sophomore Šempeter pri Gorici, Slovenia Transferred to UIC Abou Ousmane 24 F 6'10" 230 Senior Brooklyn, NY Graduate transferred to Oklahoma State Gytis Nemeikša 50 F 6'7" 203 Freshman Kaunas, Lithuania Transferred to Hawaii Incoming transfers Name Num Pos. Height Weight Year Hometown Previous school Marcus Foster 1 G 6'4" 200 GS Senior Atlanta, GA Furman John Hugley IV 4 F/C 6'10" 275 15px|Redshirt Senior Cleveland, OH Oklahoma Lassina Traoré 6 F 6'10" 230 Senior Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Long Beach State Ryan Conwell 7 G 6'4" 195 Junior Indianapolis, IN Indiana State Roddie Anderson III 8 G 6'3" 190 Junior Huntington Beach, CA Xavier Cam'Ron Fletcher 11 G 6'7" 220 GS Senior St. Louis, MO Florida State Dante Maddox Jr. 21 G 6'2' 195 Senior Chicago Heights, IL Toledo Recruiting classes 2024 recruiting class There were no incoming recruits for the class of 2024. Roster Schedule and results |- !colspan=12 style=| Exhibition |- !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season |- !colspan=9 style=| Big East regular season |- !colspan=9 style=| Big East tournament Source Rankings References Category:Xavier Musketeers men's basketball seasons Xavier Xavier Xavier

Superintendencies of Indian Affairs

A Superintendent of Indian Affairs was a regional administrator who supervised groups of Indian Agents who worked directly with individual tribes. It was the responsibility of the Superintendent to see that the Indian Agents complied with official government policy. The records for Superintendencies exist in the National Archives and in the Bureau of Indian Affairs; additionally, copies may be available in other official record storage or research facilities. The position of Superintendent was abolished in 1878, after which agents of the Bureau of Indian Affairs reported directly to the Commissioner's Office in Washington, DC, at least until the BIA created Area Offices. The Superintendencies, Listed Alphabetically Indian Affairs were, previous to 1824, a division of the War Department before being repositioned as a division of the Department of the Interior. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, both under the War Department and Department of the Interior, occasionally filed correspondence under the name of the Superintendency even after it had ceased to operate. Arizona Superintendency Established 1863; abolished 1873 Tribes:Pima, Papago, Maricopa, Tame Apache, Papago, Yavapai, Walapai, Havasupai, Mojave, Yuma, Moqui Pueblo and Scattered Apache Arkansas Superintendency Established 1819; abolished 1834; to Western Superintendency Tribes: Cherokee, Quapaw, Choctaw, Osage, Shawnee, Caddo and Delaware 1825-1826 Quapaw removed to Caddo or Red River Agency 1834 Indians west of Arkansas were placed under the new Western Superintendency (Cherokee, Choctaw, Quapaw and others) as Most Indians had been removed from Arkansas California Superintendency Established 1852; abolished 1873 Tribes: Concow (Konkau), Hupa, Kern River (Tubatulabal), Wikchamni, Nomelaki, Kings River, Fresno, Kawia, Kianamaras, Mattole, Nuimok, Noi-sas, Pit River, Pomo, Whilkut (Redwood), Saia, Salan Pomo (Potter), Tejon, Tule (Tularenos) Mono, Wailaki, Wappo, Yupu, Yuki, Yurok (Klamath River), Yokaia (Ukiah), and the several tribes of Mission Indians. Central Superintendency Established 1851; abolished 1878; from St. Louis Superintendency Tribes: Delaware, Shawnee, Wyandot, Kickapoo, Kansa, Sauk and Fox (of Mississippi and Missouri), Iowa, Potawatomi, Chippewa, Ottawa, Munsee, Peoria, Wea, Kaskaskia, Piankeshaw, Miami, Oto, Missouri, Omaha, Pawnee, Ponca, Kowa, Apache (Kiowa-Apache), Comanche, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Sioux and others Colorado Superintendency Established 1861; abolished 1870 Dakota Superintendency Established 1861; discontinued 1870; reestablished 1877; abolished 1878; from part of Central Superintendency Bands of Sioux: Hunkpapa, Oglala, Yankton, Blackfee, Brule, Sisseton, Wahpeton, Yanktonai, San Arcs, Miniconjou, Two Kettles (Oohenonpa), Cut Head (Pabaska) and Santee Florida Superintendency Established 1824; abolished 1834 Tribes: Seminole Agency: Seminole or Florida Subagency: Apalachicola Idaho Superintendency Established 1863; abolished 1870 Tribes: Nez Perce, Shoshone, Bannock, Coeur d'Alene, Kutenai, Pend d'Oreille and Spokan Iowa Superintendency Established 1838; abolished 1846; to St. Louis Superintendency Tribes Sac and Fox 1845 Sauk and Fox moved to the Osage River west of Missouri (now Kansas). Michigan Superintendency Established 1805; abolished 1851; to Northern Superintendency Tribes: Chippewa, Ottawa, Potawatomi, Menominee, Winnebago, Wyandot, Seneca, Shawnee, Delaware, Miami, Oneida, Stockbridge, Munsee and Ottawa of Maumee 1832-1834 The Six Nations of New York were attached to the Michigan Superintendency Minnesota Superintendency Established 1849; abolished 1856; to Northern Superintendency Tribes: Sioux, Chippewa, Winnebago, Assiniboin and Mandan Missouri Superintendency Established 1813; abolished 1848; duties transferred to St. Louis Superintendency after 1851 Existing records would be filed with the correspondence of the War Department Montana Superintendency Established 1864; abolished 1873 Tribes: Blackfeet, Piegan, Blood (Kainah), Grosventre, Flathead, Kutenai, Pend d'Oreille, Crow, Assiniboin and Bands of Sioux Nevada Superintendency Established 1861; abolished 1870 New Mexico Superintendency Established 1850; abolished 1874 Tribes: Navajo, Southern Apache, Utah (Ute), Abiquiu (Ute and Jicarilla Apache), Conejos (Tabaquache Ute) Pueblo, Tucson (Pima, Papago, Maricopa and Apache), Cimarron (Jicarilla Apache and Moache Ute) and Mescalero Northern Superintendency Established 1851; abolished 1876; from Michigan and Wisconsin Superintendencies Tribes: Chippewa, Ottawa, Potawatomi, Menominee, Oneida, Stockbridge, Mackinac, Omaha, Pawnee, Otoe (Oto and Missouri Indians), Great Nemaha (Sauk and Fox of Missouri and Iowa) and Winnebago 1863 many of the Winnebago and Sioux Indians moved to Dakota Territory Oregon Superintendency Established 1848; abolished 1873 Tribes: Umpqua, Umatilla, Cayuse, Wallawalla, Wasco. Shoshoni (Snake), Kalapuya, Clackamas, Rogue River, Warm Springs, Shasta, Klamath, Modoc, Paiute, Tenion, Nez Perce, Molala, Yamel, Joshua, Sixes (Kwatami), Chastacosta, Chetco and Bannock Southern Superintendency Established 1851; abolished 1870; from Western Superintendency Tribes: Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Seminole, Quapaw, Seneca and Mixed Band of Seneca and Shawnee, and Osage Indians of southern Kansas, Wichita and Kichai. In 1859 Caddo, Anadarko, Waco Tonkawa, Hainai, Kichai, Tawakoni, Delaware, Shawnee and Comanche Indians were moved from Texas to Wichita Agency in Indian Territory 1861-1864 Indians loyal to U.S. fled to Kansas, after the Civil War the Indians began to return to Indian territory. St. Louis Superintendency Established 1822; abolished 1851; to Central Superintendency Utah Superintendency Established 1850; abolished 1870 Tribes: Ute, Shoshoni, Bannock, Paiute and Washo Washington Superintendency Established 1853; abolished 1874 Tribes: Makah, Skokomish, Yakima, Colville, Puyallup, Tulalip, Nisqualli, Nez Perce, Flathead, Spokan, Pend d'Oreille, Cayuse, Paloos, Wallawalla, Quinaielt, Blackfeet, Chehalix, Chilkat, Chinook, Clackamas, Clallam, Lake, Klikitat, Coeur d'Alene, Cowlitz. Dwamish, Lummi, Muckleshoot, Quileute, Quaitso (Queet), Squaxon and Swinomish Western Superintendency Established 1832; abolished 1851; to Southern Superintendency Tribes: Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, Osage, Seneca and Mixed Band of Seneca and Shawnee, Quapaw, Seminole Chickasaw, Caddo, Kiowa Comanche and others 1839 Chickasaw moved west - Oklahoma Wisconsin Superintendency Established 1836; abolished 1848; to Northern Superintendency Tribes: Sauk and Fox, Winnebago, Chippewa, Menominee, Oneida, Stockbridge, Munsee, Sioux and Iowa Wyoming Superintendency Established 1869; abolished 1870 Tribes: Eastern Shoshoni, Bannock, Arapaho, Cheyenne and Sioux References Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches. New York, New York: Clearwater Press, [1974]. Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington [District of Columbia]: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981. Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824–1880. National Archives Microcopy T1105. Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Washington, DC. Available online Category:United States Bureau of Indian Affairs personnel

The Big Beat scandal

The Big Beat scandal was a national television controversy in the United States, mainly concerned with the racial issue focusing on Black American and White individuals dancing interracially while The Big Beat was broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) Network, which was hosted by Alan Freed. History The Big Beat was the first interracial teen show broadcast in New York City which was debuted on May 4, 1957. On July 19 same year, New York-based American black teen singer Frankie Lymon was dancing with a white girl, causing the outrage in TV stations at the Southern states. In the Southern states, racial segregation was "still in effect" since the civil rights movement was at its earliest stages. Few weeks after the incident, the show was immediately cancelled after four episodes. Therefore, the ABC executives "buckled under the pressure." Following the incident regarding interracial dance between Frankie Lymon and a white girl, Freed was often featured in magazines and newspapers which he wore "bright scarlet tuxedos or outsized window-plaid sport coats punctuated with a wispy silk bow tie favored by African American or white hillbilly artists." Therefore, Freed was fired from the ABC. According to an American Bandstand producer to New York Post, the interracial dance between Frankie Lymon and a white girl "contributed to American Bandstand's segregation." It is also revealed that The Milt Grant Show faced similar issues two months prior to the following incident. Regardless of the controversies among Southern Americans who were working in TV stations, Freed was inducted along with Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Chuck Berry, and Jerry Lee Lewis into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame "in its very first class" in 1986 because he promoted the interracial dance. It appears that the clip of final episode does not exist, but the audio files remain online. See also The Big Beat (TV program) References External links Spots and Auditions at Alan Freed's official website. Category:1957 scandals Category:Scandals in the United States Category:Racism in the United States Category:Frankie Lymon

2024–25 Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball team

The 2024–25 Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball team will represent The University of Pittsburgh during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Panthers will be led by second-year head coach Tory Verdi, and will play their home games at the Petersen Events Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Previous season The Panthers started the season winning only one of their first five games. However, their fortunes improved over the remainder of their non-conference schedule, as they won five of their last eight non-conference games. They finished the non-conference portion of the season with a 6–7 record. They lost their first six conference games before winning against Virginia. The Panthers lost another six games before defeating Clemson for their second conference win of the season. The team would go on to lose their last four regular season games. The Panthers finished the season 8–24 overall and 2–16 in ACC play to finish in a tie for fourteenth place. As the fifteenth seed in the ACC tournament, they lost their First Round matchup with Georgia Tech. They were not invited to the NCAA tournament or the WBIT. Off-season Departures Departures Name Number Pos. Height Year Hometown Reason for Departure 0 F 6'2" Westerville, Ohio Transferred to Duquesne 2 F 6'0" Washington, D.C. Transferred to Notre Dame 3 G 5'7" Wexford, Pennsylvania Transferred to Davidson 14 F 6'2" Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Graduated 15 F 6'1" Móstoles, Spain Transferred to Tennessee 18 F 6'2" Athens, Greece Graduated Incoming transfers Incoming Transfers Name Number Pos. Height Year Hometown Previous School 0 G 5'5" Frankfort, Kentucky Kentucky 2 G 5'10" Lexington, Kentucky Kentucky 3 F 6'3" Fostoria, Ohio Clemson 15 F 6'4" Dakar, Senegal Texas 23 G 6'1" Anchorage, Alaska Colorado Recruiting Class Source: Roster Schedule Source: |- !colspan=9 style=| Exhibition |- !colspan=9 style=| Non-Conference Regular season |- !colspan=9 style=| ACC regular season |- !colspan=9 style=| ACC Women's tournament Rankings References Category:Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball seasons Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Category:2024 in Pittsburgh Category:2025 in Pittsburgh

Feather O' My Wing (Irish fairy tale)

Feather O' My Wing is an Irish fairy tale collected and published by Irish author Seumas MacManus. The tale belongs to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom as a subtype, with few variants reported across Europe. In it, the heroine is delivered to a cursed or enchanted prince, but breaks a taboo and loses him; later, she finds work elsewhere and wards off the unwanted advances of male suitors with the magical object her enchanted husband gave her. Summary A gentleman who lives in Connaught has thre daughters. One day, a magpie lands on a rich gentleman's shoulders. The man tries to shoo it away, but lets the bird perch on his shoulder and talks to it. The magpie answers that he is an enchanted prince. The man asks what he can do to help him, and the magpie replies that if he can marry one of the man's daughters, his enchantment can be broken. The gentleman takes the magpie with him to his house and talks to his three daughters. The elder two refuse to entertain the magpie, but the youngest, named Una, decides to help the bird. After the man and the elder daughters leave, the girls spy on Una being courted by a handsome man instead of the bird. The sisters become jealous. Una and the prince marry and depart to his castle. The elder sister decides to visit their new home, but the prince warns that his castle is filled with rare and beautiful things; if anyone were to covet them, he would revert to a magpie for another seven years. Some time later, Una's elder sister promises not to covet anything. During her visit, however, the elder sister mutters to herself she wants to have a certain golden plate of her brother-in-law's collection, and the prince turns back into a magpie. His wife, Una, asks the prince what she can do. The prince replies that she is to go to the mansion of the White Lady and work as a laundress, but she must not ask for money, and let her employer, the White Lady, place her wages in a drawer. The magpie also gives her a feather of his wing and teaches her a spell: "By the feather of his wing". And so it happens: Una works for the White Lady, and uses the feather and the spell to do her chores, like washing heaps of dirty clothes, hanging them to dry, ironing and folding them. Una's employer is surprised at her work, but this arises suspicions among the other female servants. One night, a waitress goes to Una's room to share a bottle of wine with the newcomer, and Una pretends to drink and feigns sleep. The waitress asks where Una's source of magic lies, and she lies that it is in her red curls. Later, she creeps into Una's room to cut off her red curls (spurred by Una's sarcastic retort), but Una - pretending to be asleep - uses her husband's feather and commands the waitress to do her chores all night; thus, she sets every table for the whole night and well into the morning, to the other servants' amusement. Una then dispels the command. Next, a lady gardener tries her luck and brings a bottle of wine to share with Una, so that she reveals her secrets. Again, the girl pretends to drink and lies that her magic is in a ribbon tied around her wrist. Later at night, the lady gardener enters the room with a pair of scissors to cut Una's ribbon on her wrist, and the girl uses the feather and the magic spell to force the other to tend to the garden the whole night: raking, digging, and planting flowers and seeds, until the morning. After the other servants find the gardener in this state, Una dismisses the command. Lastly, a lady coachman goes to extract the truth from Una with another bottle of wine, and is answered the powers lie in Una's left earring. Thus, the women enters Una's room, but the girl forces the coachman to do her job: she goes to the stables and harnesses the horses, then takes the White Lady from her bed, places her in a carriage, and both gallop round the house, awakening everyone in the house, until the morning, when Una dispels the command. After humiliating the servants, the White Lady is furious with Una, but does not know how to deal with her. When Una's seven years' time is almost up, the White Lady gathers all of her servants and orders them to arm themselves with sticks and prepare to beat Una as soon as she leaves the house. As for Una, she prepares to leave the mansion, since she saw her husband arriving in a coach, but the White Lady and her servants approach her. Una uses the magic command to have the White Lady and the servants beat themselves up. Una's husband, the prince, appears to her and kisses her, then says the people have been punished enough. With this, Una recants the spell and releases everyone. The prince takes Una back to their castle, explaining the White Lady was the one that cursed him in the first place, but now he is free at last. Analysis Tale type The tale belongs to the cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom, of the international Aarne-Thompson Index, as subtype AaTh 425N, "Bird Husband": after losing her husband, the heroine finds work somewhere else and has to avoid the romantic advances of unwanted suitors.Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1973 [1961]. pp. 144.Delarue, Paul. Le conte populaire français: catalogue raisonné des versions de France et des pays de langue française d'outre-mer: Canada, Louisiane, îlots français des États-Unis, Antilles françaises, Haïti, Ile Maurice, La Réunion. Volume 2. Érasme, 1957. p. 109. According to Christine Goldberg, the heroine enchants the servants to be kept busy with some other task for the whole night.Goldberg, Christine. "Nächte erkauft". In: Enzyklopädie des Märchens Band 9: Magica-Literatur – Neẓāmi. Edited by Rudolf Wilhelm Brednich; Hermann Bausinger; Wolfgang Brückner; Helge Gerndt; Lutz Röhrich; Klaus Roth. De Gruyter, 2016 [1999]. p. 1119. . In his monograph about Cupid and Psyche, Swedish scholar proposed that subtype 425N derived from a type he designated as 425A, that is, "Cupid and Psyche", which contains the episode of the witch's tasks.Swahn, Jan Öjvind. The Tale of Cupid and Psyche. Lund, C.W.K. Gleerup. 1955. pp. 23, 344. However, after 2004, German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther updated the international catalogue and subsumed type AaTh 425N under the more general type ATU 425B, "The Son of the Witch".Oriol, Carme. «La catalogació de les rondalles en el context internacional». In: Revista d’etnologia de Catalunya, [en línia], 2007, Núm. 31, p. 94. https://raco.cat/index.php/RevistaEtnologia/article/view/74325 [Consulta: 11-08-2021]. Motifs The crow is the supernatural husband's form in Northern European variants, but in all of them the heroine receives a magical token from her husband: either a feather from the bird husband, or a ring. According to Swahn, the husband's token (feather or ring) is what allows the heroine to humiliate her unwanted suitors (akin to some variants of tale type ATU 313, "The Magic Flight"), and the feather as the token appears in German, English and Irish variants.Swahn, Jan Öjvind. The Tale of Cupid and Psyche. Lund, C.W.K. Gleerup. 1955. pp. 344-345. Variants Distribution According to scholar Christine Goldberg, Swahn reported 17 variants of subtype 425N across Europe, in Ireland, Britain, Germany, Italy, Spain and France. Swahn calls type 425N "West European", with a limited distribution area. Ireland The Enchanted King and Queen In an Irish tale collected by Pádraig Ó Tuathail from County Carlow and County Wicklow with the title The Enchanted King and Queen, a prince becomes bewitched to be a crow for seven years. When he flies in crow form, he sights a royal couple and their horses bogged in the mud. The crow-prince offers to help, in exchange for the royal couple's daughter. The royal parents agree and the crow helps them. The princess, named Nancy, meets her crow fiancé, who turns into a handsome man. He asks her which form she prefers him to be; she answers that she wants him as a man by night. And so they marry and move out to a palace of their own. One day, the crow prince warns her to protect a cask of gold and not give it to a witch that will come after it, no matter the cost. This it happens: a witch appears and demands the cask, but the princess refuses to give it. The witch comes back the next day and fails again. On the third day, she appears with two teeth and two walking sticks, captures the princess and steals the cask of gold, to the crow prince's misfortune. Nancy cries over the broken promise, but the crow prince has a plan: he advises her to seek employment with the old witch, gives her three feathers of his tail and teaches her a spell to fulfill every wish she may have ("By the bark of my three crow's feathers"). Nancy goes to the old witch's house and offers her services as a maid. She washes and dries the clothes, feeds the horses - all with the magic command her husband taught her. At the end of the afternoon, a servant lad wishes to stay with Nancy all night, but the asks him a favor: for him to close the duck-house door for her. The servant lad goes and Nancy chants the magical spell to have the lad lock the duck-house door all night. The next day, Nancy uses the magical spell on another servant: this time, he stays up all night just raking and raking the fire. The third time, she commands a third servant lad to lock the fowl-house door all night, for fire to come out of his mouth and for him to go round the yard like a devil. Some time later, fed up with the humiliation, the three servants lad prepare a trap for Nancy in the woods, but she learns of this and uses the magical command to compel the trio to beat one another. The old witch appears to see the commotion and Nancy alters the command and compels the lads to strike the witch. The hag begs for Nancy to save her, and the princess agrees, so long as she returns the cask of gold to her. Nancy gets the casket and dispels the command, then goes back to the magpie husband, who has become human for good. Ó Tuathail classified the tale as type AaTh 425. The Black Crow In an Irish tale collected from teller Sean O'Conaill, from Iveragh, with the title An Préachán Dubh and translated as The Black Crow, a girl named Máire lives with her blind father. One day, he is riding a horse when the man reaches a cliff, but a mysterious voice stops him and strikes a deal: the voice will restore his sight in exchange for Máire's hand. The man says she has to make the decision herself, but the voice says it will accompany the man to see wil she will accept. Máire's father regains his sight and sees a black crow nearby. The man and the bird go home together and Máire welcomes her father, who explains to her the deal he made with the crow. Máire understands the situation and agrees. Later that night, Máire and the black crow retire to their bedroom and sleep. One of her father's servants goes to make their bed and finds "the finest youth" beside Máire. Máire does not suspect anything. The next day, the crow appears next to her, but at night, it is the youth again. The maidservant informs Máire about the youth lying in bed with her at night. Máire decides to see it for herself, but falls asleep on the second night. On the third night, Máire pretends to be asleep and finds the youth next to her, and a black cloak hanging nearby. She takes the cloak and rushes to burn it, the youth behind her. After she burns the crow cloak, the youth says he is a bewitched prince and just had to sleep with her on their bed for three nights, and he would regain human form, but now he will turn into a porpoise for seven years. The youth leaves Máire's house and travels afar, the girl trailing behind him, until he stops by the seashore, where he indicates the place he will suffer the next part of his curse. He also points Máire to a nearby house where the girl can find work, and gives her a ring that can grant her everything she asks of it. Máire enters the house and is taken in as a servant, then is given clothes and a bloodied shirt. Máire takes the clothes to the river and touches the shirt with the ring, which removes the blood. Later, the young king who lives in the house marries another girl, and Máire is ordered to set the tables. However, the girl cannot be found anywhere in the house, so they look outside: she is combing the hair on her detached head. The servants gossip about it and the young king's bride boasts she used to do it back home; she cuts off her head to demonstrate it, but dies. The next night, the young marries a second bride and Máire is to set the tables, but a messenger finds her winding a skein of yard on a bull's horse, said bull no one has dared approach in a hundred years. The messenger returns to the house and tells the servants about it; the second bride learns of Máire's incredible feat and boasts she herself used to do the same back home. The second bride then approaches the ferocious bull and the animal places her horns under her and lifts her to the West Indies, never to return. Later, the young king marries another woman, and Máire once again neglects the tables. A messenger finds her working on a spinning wheel on a stalk overlooking a cliff. A third messenger reports the sight back at the house and the third bride insists she used to do the same back home, then goes to Máire's location. After Máire leaves the chair on the stalk, the third bride walks on the stalk, but falls off the cliff and dies. After losing three brides in three occasions, the young king decides to get rid of the newcomer Máire and bribes Mici, the swineherd, to spend a night with her, so the young king can find them together and denounce her to the king. Mici meets Máire and offers her money to spend the night with her. Before anything happens between them, Máire asks Mici to check out the night outside and close the window. However, antlers sprout on his head and he is stuck by window the whole cold night. The prince asks Máire to release Mici from that position. Next, the prince sends the butler to Máire's room, and she asks him to lift her prayerbook from the grate to keep it from burning, but his hands are firmly stuck to the book and he spends the night in this position. The prince asks Máire to release the butler, and the next night gives her some money to spend the night with her. Máire takes the payment, but asks to have a drink with the prince. She prepares some punch for her and the prince and drops a ring in the prince's tumbler. The prince finds the ring and looks at it, then admits to Máire they are married already, and he congratulates her for keeping his ring. Thus, they live happily together. The Magpie's Wife In an Irish tale collected from an informant named Joe Duffy in the late-1930s, from Corgerry Eighter, County Galway, with the title The Magpie's Wife, a gentleman has three daughters. One day, a magpie appears as asks the man for one of his daughters in marriage. The man's elder two daughters refuse the magpie's proposal, save for the youngest. The magpie marries the girl and takes her to a large house, accompanied by one of the girl's sisters, and gives his bride a set of keys. She can open every door in the castle, save for one. The girl and her sister enter the room and suddenly they are in the middle of a green field, sat on rock. The magpie appears to them and gives his wife three feathers, each feather containing three wishes for her to wish for anything. The birds sends her to another town for work, and she is hired by a lady from a house. One day, the lady's male servants are shaking mats when the magpie's wife uses the feather's powers to force everyone to beat each other. The girl brings her lady employer to the fight, and the girl wishes for one of the male servants to hit the lady and kill her. It happens thus, and the magpie and his wife move out to the lady's house.The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0077, Pages 476-477. duchas.ie. Retrieved August 28th, 2024. Other tales In an untitled Irish tale published by Irish author Lady Gregory, a king and queen's daughter is asked by a jackdaw if she would marry him after a year and a day. She denies him at first, but agrees the second time. Some time later, a carriage comes to take the princess to the jackdaw's castle, where she is instructed not to utter a word, lest she loses him forever. Suddenly, people come to beat the jackdaw to a pulp, which frightens the princess so much she utter a loud, pitiful lament for him. The jackdaw laments that the princess could stay silent and must leave her forever, but gives her a ring that can grant her every wish. After the jackdaw vanishes, the princess finds herself in darkness and commands the ring to open up a hole for her to escape. She sights a ship in the distance, and wishes the ring to appear on the ship, where she also wishes for food and drinks to appear before her. The ship docks in foreign lands, and the princess finds work with a local lord as a seamstress. One day, she is ordered to sew a dress for the gentleman's daughter, and she commands the ring to provide her with a dress. Later, the princess makes a swing in the garden and plays on it. The gentleman's daughter comes to the garden and wants to play on the swing, despite the princess's warnings. The gentleman's daughter plays on the swing, but falls from it and dies. The princess is brought to court, but, in her defense, explains she gave two warnings to the girl. Irish folklorist Séamus Ó Duilearga listed the tale as a variant of type 425. See also The Crow (fairy tale) María, manos blancas The Master Maid The Story of Princess Zeineb and King Leopard The Brown Bear of Norway Footnotes References Category:Irish fairy tales Category:Fictional birds Category:Fiction about shapeshifting Category:Female characters in fairy tales Category:ATU 400-459

Phở Gabo

Phở Gabo is a small chain of Vietnamese restaurants in the Portland metropolitan area, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The business is owned by Eddie Dong and has operated in Hillsboro since 2015 and Happy Valley since 2022. Previously, a third location operated in northeast Portland's Roseway neighborhood from 2018 to 2024. It closed due to a series of odor complaints by an anonymous neighbor, resulting in multiple visits from inspectors as well as fines. The Portland location's closure received pushback by some community groups and politicians, including the Asian Pacific American Network of Oregon and the Oregon Restaurant and Lodging Association. City commissioner Carmen Rubio directed the Bureau of Development Services to suspend the inspection of odor complaints about restaurants, a decision praised by Vietnamese American state legislators Daniel Nguyen, Hoa Nguyen, Hai Pham, Khanh Pham, and Thuy Tran. In April 2024, Dong announced plans to sue the city for discriminatory code enforcement. Description The Vietnamese restaurant chain Phở Gabo has operated three locations in the Portland metropolitan area. The business has locations in Happy Valley and Hillsboro, and previously operated at the intersection of 73rd Avenue and Fremont Street in northeast Portland's Roseway neighborhood. The menu includes beef noodle soup. History Phở Gabo is owned by Eddie Dong. The Hillsboro, Portland, and Happy Valley locations opened in 2015, 2018, and 2022, respectively. The Portland location operated in the space previously occupied by Phở Hùng, starting in 1995. Portland closure In September 2022, Dong received a notice that the Portland restaurant "was in violation of the zoning code that prohibits odors impacting a nearby residential neighborhood", according to Willamette Week. The restaurant had not received any complaints during its first five years operating, and replaced an Asian restaurant that had operated for approximately three decades. In February 2024, following an eighteen-month-long series of odor complaints filed by an anonymous neighbor to the city's Bureau of Development Services, the location was closed temporarily. A note affixed to the door said, "Due to the city's and the neighborhood's complaints about the smell of the food that we grill and the foods that we serve customers we are temporarily closing this location." Complaints had resulted in a dozen visits from inspectors as well as fines. The location had been broken into nine times over seven years, and the front door had a sign that read, "Please do not break windows/doors. No money inside. Thank you!" The Portland location's closure prompted some pushback from the community. The Asian Pacific American Network of Oregon took issue with the closure and said the zoning code "disproportionately impacts the BIPOC-owned businesses that bring vibrancy and cultural diversity to our neighborhoods". The Oregon Restaurant and Lodging Association requested that the city review its "subjective, unfair 'smell' code immediately and cease targeting small restaurants and their owners, many of whom are people from various racial and ethnic backgrounds". Dong reportedly received "messages of support from Vietnamese community organizations and ... heard about City Hall's interest". City commissioner Carmen Rubio directed the bureau to suspend the inspection of odor complaints about restaurants. Additionally, five Vietnamese American state legislators—Daniel Nguyen, Hoa Nguyen, Hai Pham, Khanh Pham, and Thuy Tran—issued a statement about the closure and praising Rubio's decision. In April 2024, Dong announced plans to sue the city for "economic and noneconomic damages related to the City’s subjective, selective and disproportionate enforcement of city codes", and "discriminatory enforcement of city odor codes". The claim also said Dong "has suffered…reputational harm, fear, humiliation, embarrassment, emotional distress, and loss of his community". The building that housed the Portland restaurant is slated to be sold. Reception In 2022, Willamette Week said Phở Gabo was "certainly worth a stop for noodleheads". See also List of restaurant chains in the United States List of Vietnamese restaurants References External links Category:Defunct restaurants in Northeast Portland, Oregon Category:Defunct Vietnamese restaurants in Portland, Oregon Category:Hillsboro, Oregon Category:Regional restaurant chains in the United States Category:Roseway, Portland, Oregon Category:Vietnamese restaurants in Oregon

2010 NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour

The 2010 NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour was the sixth season of the NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour (WSMT). It began with the Atlanta 150 at Atlanta Motor Speedway on March 5. It ended with the UNOH Southern Slam 150 at Charlotte Motor Speedway on October 14. George Brunnhoelzl III entered the season as the defending championship. Burt Myers would win his first championship in the series, 31 points ahead of series runner up L. W. Miller. Schedule Source: No. Race Title Track Date 1 Atlanta 150 Atlanta Motor Speedway, Hampton March 5 2 Spring Classic 150 Caraway Speedway, Asheboro March 14 3 South Boston 150 South Boston Speedway, South Boston April 3 4 Firecracker 150 Caraway Speedway, Asheboro July 2 5 Strutmasters.com 199 Bowman Gray Stadium, Winston-Salem August 7 6 UNOH Perfect Storm Bristol Motor Speedway, Bristol August 18 7 Triad Commercial Property Services 150 Caraway Speedway, Asheboro August 28 8 Visit Hampton 150 Langley Speedway, Hampton September 4 9 Tri-County 150 Tri-County Motor Speedway, Hudson September 25 10 UNOH Southern Slam 150 Charlotte Motor Speedway, Concord October 14 Notes Results and standings Races No. Race Pole position Most laps led Winning driver 1 Atlanta 150 James Civali Tim Brown Corey LaJoie Pontiac 2 Spring Classic 150 Burt Myers Andy Seuss Andy Seuss Dodge 3 South Boston 150 Zach Brewer James Civali James Civali Pontiac 4 Firecracker 150 Burt Myers L. W. Miller John Smith Chevrolet 5 Strutmasters.com 199 Zach Brewer Burt Myers L. W. Miller Pontiac 6 UNOH Perfect Storm Justin Bonsignore Ted Christopher Ryan Newman Chevrolet 7 Triad Commercial Property Services 150 Andy Seuss Andy Seuss Andy Seuss Dodge 8 Visit Hampton 150 James Civali James Civali Tim Brown Chevrolet 9 Tri-County 150 George Brunnhoelzl III Jason Myers Burt Myers Ford 10 UNOH Southern Slam 150 Andy Seuss Burt Myers Burt Myers Ford Drivers' championship (key) Bold - Pole position awarded by time. Italics - Pole position set by final practice results or rainout. * – Most laps led. Pos Driver ATL CRW SBO CRW BGS BRI CRW LGY TRI CLT Points 1 Burt Myers 17 6 8 5 2* 11 4 3 1 1* 1609 2 L. W. Miller 14 2 2 2* 1 29 2 8 8 6 1578 3 James Civali 6 3 1* 3 13 3 7 2* 5 16 1575 4 Andy Seuss 12 1** 3 6 5 23 1** 5 3 18 1566 5 John Smith 9 8 7 1 3 19 3 13 2 4 1555 6 Zach Brewer 8 5 5 19 7 32 9 4 12 3 1429 7 Jason Myers 7 18 12 4 4 18 8 6 7* 17 1427 8 Frank Fleming 3 12 11 21 6 17 11 9 18 7 1365 9 Brandon Hire 5 11 25 11 8 36 6 10 4 11 1354 10 Gene Pack 21 9 20 8 11 25 12 7 9 12 1293 11 Tim Brown 2* 7 6 15 30 14 1 2 1209 12 Bryan Dauzat 20 14 21 15 17 24 16 11 10 15 1197 13 Greg Butcher 23 16 17 14 18 34 19 14 15 1023 14 Mike Norman 18 19 19 18 16 20 16 14 884 15 Brian Loftin 16 4 10 16 17 6 791 16 Bradley Robbins 22 15 16 13 14 13 699 17 Jonathan Kievman 15 22 20 10 19 9 696 18 Gary Putnam 19 13 18 10 18 19 688 19 Josh Nichols 14 7 9 13 529 20 Buddy Emory 10 17 24 17 452 21 Johnny Sutton 9 11 8 410 22 Darrel Krentz 23 12 13 345 23 15 281 5 17 385 24 Thomas Stinson 4 10 294 25 Dave Brigati 4 13 284 26 Daniel Hemric 15 5 273 27 Lee Jeffreys 13 10 258 28 Corey LaJoie 1 185 29 Brian King 9 138 30 Randy Butner 10 134 31 Adam Gay 11 130 32 Austin Pack 12 127 33 Luke Fleming 12 127 34 Donnie Lacks 14 121 35 Shawn Balluzzo 15 118 Gary Fountain Sr. DNQ Drivers ineligible for NWSMT points, because at the combined event at Bristol they chose to drive for NWMT points Ryan Newman 1 Mike Stefanik 2 Bobby Santos III 4 Todd Szegedy 5 Justin Bonsignore 6 Dale Quarterley 7 Eric Goodale 8 Ryan Preece 9 Erick Rudolph 10 Chuck Hossfeld 12 Woody Pitkat 13 Eric Beers 14 Ron Silk 15 Kevin Goodale 16 Ed Flemke Jr. 20 Jamie Tomaino 21 Wade Cole 22 Ted Christopher 26* Rob Summers 27 Richie Pallai Jr. 31 Rowan Pennink 33 Renee Dupuis 35 Andy Petree DNQ Pos Driver ATL CRW SBO CRW BGS BRI CRW LGY TRI CLT Points 1 – Scored points towards the Whelen Modified Tour. See also 2010 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series 2010 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series 2010 ARCA Racing Series 2010 NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour 2010 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series 2010 NASCAR Mini Stock Series 2010 NASCAR Corona Series References *

St Mary's Church, Eryholme

thumb|right|The church, in 2005 St Mary's Church is an Anglican church in Eryholme, a village in North Yorkshire, in England. The church lies on high ground, and is set back from the village's main street. The village was recorded in the Domesday Book and appears to have had a church at the time, a chapel of ease to St Agatha's Church, Gilling West. The oldest surviving above-ground part of the current church is the north arcade, constructed in about 1200, but the foundations of the nave and chancel may be earlier. The very short tower probably dates from later in the 13th century. The nave and chancel were rebuilt in the 14th century, perhaps following a purported Scottish raid on the village in 1319. A belfry was added in the 16th century. In 1887, the church was finally given its own parish, but by this time it was in poor repair. In about 1890, the church was heavily restored, with a new vestry, porch and roof added, a new tower arch, some of the windows replaced, and the floor lowered by one foot. The building was grade II* listed in 1968. It is built in red and brown sandstone] with tiled roofs, and consists of a nave, a north aisle, a south porch, a chancel with a north vestry, and a west tower. The tower is low and small, with two stages, quoins, a round-arched bell opening on the west and north sides, each with a chamfered surround and stone slate louvres, and an embattled parapet. Some medieval material has been repositioned inside the porch, including a human figure known as the "Eryholme Madonna". This is of uncertain date, but may well be late mediaeval work associated with the Virgin Mary. Inside the church is a simple font, dating from about 1200. See also Grade II* listed churches in North Yorkshire (district) Listed buildings in Eryholme References Category:Grade II* listed churches in North Yorkshire Category:Church of England church buildings in North Yorkshire Category:13th-century church buildings in England

Phebe Temperance Sutliff

Phebe Temperance Sutliff (1859–1955) was an American educator who served as president of Rockford College in Illinois. Her life was devoted to scholarship, particularly investigation of historical and economic problems. Early life and education Phebe Temperance Sutliff was born in Warren, Ohio, January 16, 1859. Her parents were Levi (1805–1864) and Phebe Lord (Marvin) Sutliff. She was a granddaughter of Samuel and Ruth (Granger) Sutliff and of Joseph and Temperance (Miller) Marvin, and a descendant of Reinold Marvin, who left England in 1635, and settled in Hartford, Connecticut. Western Reserve settlers were on both sides of her family. She was graduated from Vassar College, A.B., 1880. Returning to school, she was a post-graduate student at Cornell University, 1889–90, receiving the degree of A.M., in the latter year. She then studied at the University of Zurich and Swiss Polytechnic Institute, 1890–91. At the University of Chicago in 1895, she was a student of American Constitutional Law and History, under Professor Von Holst. Career In 1855–86, at Hiram College, Ohio, she served as lady principal and teacher. In 1887–89, she was head of the department of history and English literature, Rockford Female Seminary, Illinois. thumb|Rockford College (1904) Returning from Europe, she was head of the department of history and economics at Rockford college, Illinois, 1892–96. From 1896, she served as the head of the department of modern European and United States history at Rockford College. In the same year, she became its president, resigning in 1901 and returning to Warren, Ohio, in order to devote her entire time to research work, and to care for her aged mother. During World War I and the reconstruction period, she served as one of the "Four Minute Men" in the Liberty Loan and Thrift Savings Stamp campaigns. With several other volunteer workers, she started an evening school for foreigners, and continued it as a volunteer enterprise until the practical demonstration of its benefits caused the Board of Education to take it over and make it an integral part of the public school system. She gave several courses of lectures on the war and both spoke and wrote in favor of a "League to Enforce Peace." Sutliff was president of the local Child Labor League as long as the organization was maintained. In 1920, she was appointed a member of the Ohio State Democratic Committee, and was one of the committee's campaign lecturers. For eighteen years, she served as the chair of the Warren Public Library board of trustees. She was made a member of the American Historical Association, and the American Academy of Political and Social Science, as well as the Societe Academique d'Histoire Internationale, American Society for Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, and the League to Enforce Peace. She is a Phi Beta Kappa. Sutliff served as Trumbull County chair of the Historical Commission of Ohio. Death She died in Warren, Ohio on July 25, 1955. References External links Phebe Temperance Sutliff, by Melissa Karman, The Sutliff Museum, via trumbullcountyhistory.com Phebe Temperance Sutliff marker in Warren, Ohio via Historical Marker Database Category:1859 births Category:1955 deaths Category:Educators from Ohio Category:Vassar College alumni Category:Cornell University alumni Category:University of Zurich alumni Category:ETH Zurich alumni Category:University of Chicago alumni Category:Hiram College faculty Category:Rockford University faculty

National Budget of Bangladesh

The National Budget of Bangladesh is the government's annual financial statement, outlining the projected income and expenditure for the fiscal year. According to Article 87.(1) of the Constitution of Bangladesh, presenting this budget is a mandatory duty of the government. It is the annual budget of the People's Republic of Bangladesh set by Ministry of Finance for the following financial year, with the revenues to be gathered by National Board of Revenue (NBR) to identify planned government spending and expected government revenue and the expenditures of the public sector, to forecast economic conditions in compliance with government policy. After gaining independence in 1971, Bangladesh's first budget was presented by Tajuddin Ahmad in 1972, totaling ৳786 crore (US$67 million). Former Finance Ministers AMA Muhith and Saifur Rahman each presented 12 budgets during their respective tenures, marking the highest number of budgets in the country's history. The 2024-25 budget marked the 53st in Bangladesh's history and was the 25th budget presented by an Awami League-led government. History Tajuddin Ahmad thumb|226x226px|Tajuddin Ahmad presented the first National Budget in 1972 Following the war of independence, Tajuddin Ahmad presented three key budgets aimed at economic recovery, reconstruction, and establishing the foundations of a socialist society. For the 1972-73 fiscal year, Ahmad introduced a budget totaling . In his 1973-74 budget speech, the finance minister emphasized the importance of utilizing domestic resources more effectively and reducing dependence on foreign aid. He also advocated for boosting exports and developing import substitution strategies. Azizur Rahman Mallik Mallick presented a budget during the transitional period of the country, focusing on development activities. In the 1975-76 fiscal year, Mallick introduced a budget of , which included a significant increase in the upper limit of private capital investment, raising it from to . Ziaur Rahman During his tenure as both military ruler and President, Ziaur Rahman also assumed the role of finance minister, overseeing the presentation of three key budgets. His first budget notably raised the minimum income tax threshold for individual taxpayers from to . The second budget introduced measures allowing the legalization of "black money" without penalties. In his third budget, Zia announced the implementation of new pay scales. Mirza Nurul Huda Mirza Nurul Huda presented his sole budget during the 1979-80 fiscal year, amounting to . This budget was significant as it was the first to be presented in the House after a three-year gap. A key focus of Huda's budget was on enhancing direct taxation as a means of revenue generation. Saifur Rahman (First Tenure) M Saifur Rahman holds the record for presenting the most budgets in Bangladesh's history. In his first two budgets, he introduced significant measures to enhance tax compliance and regulate imports. In his inaugural budget for the 1980-81 fiscal year, which totaled crore, Saifur made it mandatory for individuals with an income exceeding to file tax returns on time, with penalties imposed for non-compliance. In his second budget, he introduced a 50% reduction in duties on computers and imposed a 1% development surcharge on all imports. A M A Muhith (First Tenure) Abul Maal Abdul Muhith presented his first two budgets under the military rule of General HM Ershad, bringing significant changes to the fiscal landscape. In his initial budget for the 1982-83 fiscal year, which totaled , Muhith raised the tax-free income limit to and introduced a dearness allowance for public servants. In the following fiscal year, he presented a larger budget of , marking a notable increase. During this period, Muhith also introduced a new taxation structure by categorizing imported goods into three distinct groups for tax purposes, a first in Bangladesh's budgetary history. Syeduzzaman During M Syeduzzaman's tenure as finance minister, he presented four budgets, each with measures aimed at boosting investment and refining tax policies. To encourage investment, tax exemptions were granted to new industries. Additionally, a new income tax law was introduced to streamline the tax system. For the second time, an opportunity to legalize "black money" was offered, albeit with a mandatory 20% tax on the amount being regularized. His budgets reflected an ongoing effort to stimulate economic growth while addressing fiscal challenges. MA Munim and Wahidul Haque During the period when Major General MA Munim and Wahidul Haque served as finance ministers, significant changes were introduced in the management of banks, debt, and taxation policies. Notably, for the first time, government officials were subjected to income tax. Major General MA Munim presented two budgets. In between, Wahidul Haque presented a budget of for the 1989-90 fiscal year. One of the key initiatives during Munim's tenure was the introduction of a national system for distributing taxpayer identification numbers, which marked an important step in the modernization of the country's tax infrastructure. Saifur Rahman (Second Tenure) Saifur Rahman, during his second tenure as the finance minister, presented five budgets that focused on significant economic reforms, including the promotion of liberal trade policies, and the pursuit of sustainable economic growth. A notable policy shift during this period was the adoption of a flexible exchange rate. Additionally, all surcharges and levies that had been imposed for the construction of the Bangabandhu Bridge were withdrawn, reflecting a shift toward easing the financial burden on citizens and businesses.The introduction of Value-Added Tax on July 1, 1991, marked a significant milestone in Bangladesh's taxation system, laying the foundation for modern fiscal management. Shams Kibria Shah AMS Kibria presented six budgets. Under his leadership, the country achieved a 7% growth GDP rate for the first time, and national poverty alleviation targets were established. His budgets introduced significant social security programs, including old-age allowances, aimed at providing a safety net for vulnerable populations. Additionally, Kibria's policies offered a golden opportunity to regularize “black money” by investing it in the stock market, the industrial sector, or purchasing luxury cars, thereby encouraging economic formalization. Saifur Rahman (Third Tenure) M Saifur Rahman, in his third term, introduced five budgets that focused on comprehensive economic reforms and addressed several key fiscal issues. His tenure saw renewed emphasis on combating black money laundering, alongside reforms that included mandatory submission of tax returns for election candidates and those participating in government tenders. The scope of VAT collection was expanded, and the tax-free income limit was increased to . Additionally, the infrastructure development surcharge of 4% was removed, aiming to reduce the financial burden on businesses and consumers. Mirza Azizul Islam During the 1/11 changeover in 2007, when the military assumed control under a caretaker government, two budgets were presented. The budgets focused on several key reforms: the VAT net was expanded, and the tax-free income limit was increased to . The 4% infrastructure development surcharge was abolished, and changes were made to the tariff structure to support local industries. A new system of tax holidays was introduced, and corporate tax rates were reduced. AB Mirza Azizul Islam presented the budget of for both the 2007-08 and 2008-09 fiscal years. A M A Muhith (Second Tenure) Abul Maal Abdul Muhith presented ten consecutive budgets during this period. Key measures introduced in these budgets included: the opportunity to legalize undisclosed income with a 10% tax, promotion of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), taxation on savings certificate interest, a 2% surcharge on mobile phone bills, and an increase in the tax-free income limit to . Additionally, tax holiday benefits were extended by two years, and a 30% tax rate was applied to incomes exceeding . Requirements were introduced for paying house rent exceeding through banks, imposing a 1% apparel source tax, and a mandatory surcharge for owning two cars or house properties larger than 8,000 square feet. Mustafa Kamal Mustafa Kamal presented four budgets amid global economic instability, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Kamal's budgets focused on strengthening the country's economy with several key measures: incentives for young entrepreneurs and remittance, enhancements in emergency healthcare, the abolition of the minimum surcharge system, and provisions for the legalization of black and laundered money. These initiatives are part of the broader goal to transition towards a “Smart Bangladesh.” Kamal presented his final budget during a period of global economic recession and post-pandemic recovery, with growing inflation and concerns about foreign currency reserves. Abul Hassan Mahmood Ali Abul Hassan Mahmood Ali presented the 2024-25 budget with a strong focus on addressing agricultural development, energy sector reforms, and healthcare enhancements amid ongoing economic challenges. The budget highlights a 40% increase in the agricultural development budget, a shift in priorities within the energy sector towards immediate infrastructure needs, and a 9% rise in healthcare spending. Additionally, it introduces tax reforms, including an increased tax rate for individual taxpayers, and measures to expand the net VAT. Finance ministers who have presented the budget Timeline AMA Muhith and M Saifur Rahman each presented the highest number of budgets in Bangladesh's history, with 12 budgets delivered during their respective tenures. Muhith stands out as the first finance minister to present a budget for ten consecutive fiscal years, from 2009 until his retirement at the end of the 11th Parliament. List of National Budgets Fiscal Year Placed by Total Size (In Taka) Annual development programme (ADP) Government 1972-73 Tajuddin Ahmed 7,860,000,000 5,010,000,000 Mujib II 1973-74 9,950,000,000 5,250,000,000 Mujib III 1974-75 10,840,000,000 5,250,000,000 Mujib IV 1975-76 Dr. Azizur Rahman Mallik 15,490,000,000 9,500,000,000 Mujib IV 1976-77 Ziaur Rahman 19,890,000,000 12,220,000,000 Sayem 1977-78 21,840,000,000 12,780,000,000 Zia 1978-79 24,990,000,000 14,460,000,000 1979-80 Mirza Nurul Huda 33,170,000,000 21,230,000,000 1980-81 Saifur Rahman 41,080,000,000 27,000,000,000 1981-82 46,770,000,000 30,150,000,000 Sattar 1982-83 AMA Muhith 47,380,000,000 27,000,000,000 Ershad 1983-84 58,960,000,000 34,830,000,000 1984-85 Sayeduzzaman 66,990,000,000 38,960,000,000 1985-86 71,380,000,000 38,250,000,000 1986-87 85,040,000,000 47,640,000,000 1987-88 85,270,000,000 50,460,000,000 1988-89 Abdul Munim 105,650,000,000 53,150,000,000 1989-90 Wahidul Haq 127,030,000,000 58,030,000,000 1990-91 Abdul Munim 129,600,000,000 56,680,000,000 1991-92 Saifur Rahman 155,840,000,000 75,000,000,000 Khaleda I 1992-93 176,070,000,000 90,570,000,000 1993-94 190,500,000,000 97,500,000,000 1994-95 209,480,000,000 110,000,000,000 1995-96 231,700,000,000 121,000,000,000 1996-97 Shah A M S Kibdia 246,030,000,000 125,000,000,000 Hasina I 1997-98 277,860,000,000 128,000,000,000 1998-99 295,370,000,000 136,000,000,000 1999-00 342,520,000,000 124,770,000,000 2000-01 385,240,000,000 175,000,000,000 2001-02 423,060,000,000 190,000,000,000 2002-03 Saifur Rahman 448,540,000,000 192,000,000,000 Khaleda II 2003-04 519,800,000,000 203,000,000,000 2004-05 572,480,000,000 220,000,000,000 2005-06 610,580,000,000 236,260,000,000 2006-07 697,400,000,000 260,000,000,000 2007-08 Mirza Azizul Islam 999,620,000,000 256,000,000,000 Iajuddin 2008-09 999,620,000,000 254,000,000,000 Fakhruddin 2009-10 AMA Muhith 1,138,150,000,000 285,000,000,000 Hasina II 2010-11 1,321,700,000,000 351,300,000,000 2011-12 1,612,140,000,000 410,800,000,000 2012-13 1,917,380,000,000 523,660,000,000 2013-14 2,224,910,000,000 600,000,000,000 2014-15 2,505,600,000,000 750,000,000,000 Hasina III 2015-16 2,951,000,000,000 938,940,000,000 2016-17 3,406,050,000,000 1,107,000,000,000 2017-18 4,002,660,000,000 1,483,810,000,000 2018-19 4,645,730,000,000 1,730,000,000,000 2019-20 Mustafa Kamal 5,231,900,000,000 2,027,210,000,000 Hasina IV 2020-21 5,680,000,000,000 2,051,450,000,000 2021-22 6,036,810,000,000 2,253,240,000,000 2022-23 6,780,640,000,000 2,460,660,000,000 2023-24 7,617,850,000,000 2,630,000,000,000 2024-25 Abul Hassan Mahmood Ali 7,970,000,000,000 2,650,000,000,000 2025-26 Salehuddin Ahmed To be determined To be determined Yunus See also Economy of Bangladesh Ministry of Finance (Bangladesh) Bangladeshi taka References External links Bangladesh National Budget by Ministry of Finance Category:History of Bangladesh (1971–present)

Youssef Mansour (actor)

Youssef Mansour (Arabic: يوسف منصور) is an Egyptian martial artist, actor, producer, and director best known for his martial arts films.https://al-ain.com/article/yousef-mansour-profilehttps://m.elwatannews.com/news/details/4113954 Born in Cairo, he trained in the style of Kung-fu in China and America before embarking on a film career. He entered the Egyptian film industry by chance when he met director Ibrahim Afifi and was offered his first role in the movie El Agooz Wil Baltagi ("The Old Man and the Thug") in 1989. He became famous in the 1990s for starring in Egyptian films that relied on martial arts, such as Qabdet El Hilaly ("El Hilaly's Fist") in 1991, El Shares ("The Fierce") in 1992, and "Desert Cat" in 1995. Early life and education Youssef Mansour was born in Cairo in 1966. He immigrated to the US with his family when he was nine years old. He decided to study psychology and trained in the style of Kung-fu in China and America. Career Mansour became famous in the 1990s for his Egyptian films that relied on martial arts, such as Qabdet El Hilaly ("El Hilaly's Fist") and El Shares ("The Fierce"). In 2001, he presented his last film Badr, which he wrote, produced and directed, and co-starred with Miss Egypt 1999, Angie Abdalla. Mansour is a fan of American action films. He believes the future of Egypt lies in its ability to promote a new face to revive wilting tourism and an unfavorable international image, instead of ancient civilizations and historical treasures. In 2003, it was revealed that he would produce and star in Triple I, an action-packed drama that revolves around a good-looking rescue team of seven women and three men, who will – following the pattern of such adventure-based shows – chase criminals and save lives. "I loved Baywatch and decided it was a good vehicle to promote many things in modern Egypt, to show beautiful beaches and the reefs, our underwater treasures," Mansour said regarding the series. Personal life Mansour has a daughter, Monika Youssef Mansour, who is an athlete and sportswear designer. References Category:Living people Category:Egyptian martial artists Category:21st-century Egyptian male actors Category:Egyptian film directors Category:Male actors from Cairo

Monument to the Fallen of the Great War (Lisbon)

The Monument to the Fallen of the Great War, also known as the Monument to the Combatants of the Great War, is a monument in Lisbon, Portugal, within the civil parish of Santo António, at Liberty Avenue, near the intersection with Salitre Street. It is dedicated to the soldiers of the Portuguese Army, that died during the First World War. The monument was designed by Guilherme Rebelo de Andrade, Carlos Rebello de Andrade, and Maximiano Alves, and unveiled on 22 November 1931. History In April 1920, there was set up a national commission with the purpose of erecting a monument dedicated to the Portuguese soldiers that died in the First World War. The monument was designed by architects Guilherme Rebelo de Andrade and Carlos Rebello de Andrade, and the sculptures by Maximiano Alves. The groundbreaking was held on 9 April 1923, when President of Portugal, António José de Almeida, laid the first stone. It was unveiled on 22 November 1931, in the presence of the President of Portugal, Óscar Carmona, and the Mayor of Lisbon, José Vicente de Freitas. Characteristics The monument is placed at Liberty Avenue, near the intersection with Salitre Street. It is made from white stone, features a personification of the Fatherland, in form of a man in robes and bearing flag, crowning a soldier of the Portuguese Army, that kneels in front of it, with a bronze laurel wreath. They are placed on a large stone pedestal, with a shield at the front, that bears the following inspiration: "Ao serviço da Pátria, o esforço da Grei". It is a quote of poet Augusto Casimiro, which translates from Portuguese to "In the service of the Fatherland, the effort of its People". Each side of the pedestal feature large inscription that reads: "Grande Guerra", meaning the "Great War". On the sides of the pedestal are, two large stone figures of men, bent under the main part of the monument, symbolising their strive to keep the Fatherland standing. At the base in front of pedestal is a bronze sculpture of military equipment, such as gas masks, helmets, ammunition belts, bags, etc. Gallery Notes References Category:1931 establishments in Portugal Category:1931 sculptures Category:Bronze sculptures in Portugal Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1931 Category:Monuments and memorials in Lisbon Category:Statues of men Category:Statues of military officers Category:World War I memorials in Portugal Category:Stone monuments and memorials

Margaret Pageler

Margaret Pageler is a former Seattle City Council member in Position 5 from 1992 until 2004. Early life and education Pageler was born in rural China to missionary parents. She stayed in China and Taiwan until her teens. Pageler would attend multiple schools in Illinois for college; Wheaton College for her bachelor's degree in Social Studies, Northern Illinois University for her master's in school administration, and the University of Chicago Law School. Pageler was a former schoolteacher, and after law school, she worked at the law firm Stoel Rives. Seattle City Council Elections Pageler unsuccessfully ran for city council three times in the 1980s under the progressive neighborhood group Vision Seattle. In 1991, she ran for city council to fill the seat vacated by Paul Kraabel, who was retiring. In the general election, Pageler would win with 57% of the vote to opponent, R.P. (Dick) Nelson, 43%. In 1995, Pageler ran for reelection against perennial candidate Charlie Chong. Pageler would win in a landslide against Chong, 69% to 31%. In 1999, Pageler ran for a third term against three challengers. In the September Primary, she won an outright majority with 58% of the vote, and her nearest challenger, Curt Firestone, received 23% of the vote. Firestone, co-founder of the Seattle Progressive Coalition and a leader of the Seattle Green Party, ran to the left of Pageler and accused her of moving away from the progressive values of her 1991 campaign. Pageler would tout her accomplishments on the city council and her ability to make things work. In the November general election, Pageler won reelection against Firestone, 67% to 33%. In 2003, Pageler ran for a fourth term and would face against five challengers. In the September primary, Pageler would garner 39% of the vote with Tom Rasmussen, an advocate for senior citizens, garnering 25%. Pageler ran as a "rock" and "voice of reason" stating, "I'm the one who opposes silly resolutions and stays out of all the scandals," (referring to the Strippergate Scandal.) Rasmussen blamed Pageler for the financial crisis facing Seattle City Light since she oversaw the agency in city council. In the November general election, Pageler lost to Rasmussen, 48% to 52%. Tenure While in office, Pageler chaired the Public Safety Committee and the Utilities and Environmental Management Committee. From 2000 to 2001, Pageler was president of the city council. While chair of the Utilities and Environmental Management Committee, Pageler oversaw Seattle City Light, and decisions made by Paegler, the council, and City Light increased the debt for City Light, contributing to a financial crisis that increased rates for customers. Auditors would blame the council's decisions not to increase rates during the 1990s while increasing City Lights debt financing. Although she initially ran for city council as a progressive, Pageler governed more as a conservative. She supported bills such as the Teen Dance Ordinance, "civility" ordinances proposed by the city attorney, and propose legislation that would have created a "4-foot rule" around exotic dancers and customers. Ethics complaint In 1999, before the city council elections, Pageler was the voice of a City Light radio advertisement and the Director of the Seattle Ethics Elections Commission concluded that the ad may have inadvertently violated election laws. Pageler reimbursed the city $2,000 for the ad, and the Ethics and Elections Commission dismissed the complaint. References Category:1940 births Category:Living people Category:Wheaton College (Illinois) alumni Category:Northern Illinois University alumni Category:University of Chicago Law School alumni Category:Seattle City Council members

Ålands Radio and TV

Ålands Radio and TV (ÅRTV) (Swedish: Ålands Radio och TV Ab) is a public service broadcaster in the autonomous region of the Åland Islands. The broadcaster operates a radio station, a television channel and various podcasts, focusing on news, sports, culture, weather and recent or upcoming events in Åland. The broadcaster operates in Swedish, as the official language of Åland. History The company was founded on 1 May 1996, as a public service company owned by the State Department of Åland. The company took over the operations previously carried out by Rundradion i Finland on Åland, and operations changed radically after that. From broadcasting four hours a day, Åland Radio increased its broadcasts to all-day broadcasts. Today, the company broadcasts locally produced radio from 06.30 to 21.00 every weekday, and between 08.00 and 18.00 on weekends. ÅRTV switched to HDTV broadcasts via the Smedsböle mast on February 9, 2021. From March 31, 2021, all broadcasts in standard definition ceased. ÅRTV is also an associate member of the Nordic broadcasting union, Nordvision and the only broadcaster in the organisation from the Åland Islands. Logo and identities The current logo of the broadcaster was designed by CG Sjöberg and has been in use since 2012, which was updated in late August to early September 2016. The first logo was originally in use from the channel's launch to May 2012. Management As of , the current chairman of the board is Magnus Lundberg. The vice chairman is Sara Kemetter, with the other members being Ove Andersson, Linnea Lindholm and Katarina Sundberg. Heidi Grandell-Sonck is Head of the Programme Committee. Programme committee The board, which is an independent body appointed by the Åland Government, is in charge of distributing licenses for radio and TV broadcasts on Åland. It also determines programmes and broadcasts by Åland Radio, which must comply with the provincial law's conditions regarding the broadcasting license regarding impartiality and objectivity. The programme committee also makes sure ARTV's ethical rules are followed and complies with the law. Åland Radio and TV's ethical rules for program and content production apply to everyone who produces programs or content within ÅRTV or for ÅRTV. ÅRTV's operations are based on independence, impartiality and credibility. Political, commercial or similar interests do not affect the editorial content. In addition, programmes and features must not be harmful to children and no one may have their rights violated in any broadcast or programme. However, there is a wide range of opinion - and freedom of information that must be taken into account. The board reviews programmes broadcast by ÅRTV to ensure they are in accordance with regional law on radio and television operations. The programme committee also ensures that there is no product placement in its programmes since ÅRTV does not broadcast advertising in its television or radio broadcasts. As published by ÅRTV, programmes may not contain advertising or marketing information. Product placement and stealth advertising is also prohibited. Services ÅRTV has one radio channel, Ålands Radio. The broadcaster also has one television channel known as Ålandskanalen (sometimes referred to as Ålands TV or TV Åland). Media license ÅRTV is financed by a media fee, which is €123 per year (as of 2024). It is paid by any person over the age of 18 whose home municipality is on Åland, and who has an income over €14,000. Associations also pay a media fee for a taxable income over €50,000, this fee is €140 + 0.35% of the taxable income exceeding €50,000, a maximum of €3,000. Viewers that pay for the media fee gain access to eight radio channels and ten digital TV channels: namely the public service radio channel Åland Radio, Swedish radio channels SR P1, SR P2, SR P3 and SR P4 (Radio Stockholm), and Finnish radio channels Yle Vega, Yle Radio X3M and Yle Radio Suomi. TV channels include the TV Åland channel owned by ÅRTV with additional channels including SVT1, SVT2, Kunskapskanalen, SVT Barn, SVT24 and TV4 from Sweden, with Yle TV1, Yle TV2 and Yle Teema & Fem from Finland. Frequencies Radio channels available on ÅRTV From ÅRTVÅland Radio91.3 MHz From YleYle Vega93.1 MHzYle X3M104.9 MHz (Eastern Åland)104.3 MHz (Southern Åland)105.2 MHz (Western Åland)Yle Radio Suomi100.3 MHz From SVTRadio P388.6 MHzRadio P195.0 MHz Radio P297.1 MHzRadio P4102.3 MHz The following HDTV channels are broadcast from the Smedsböle mast: Television channels available on ÅRTV From ÅRTVÅlandskanalenHD From YleYle TV1HDYle TV2HDYle Teema & FemHD From SVTSVT1HDSVT2HDKunskapskanalenDVB-T2SVT BarnHDSVT24HDTV4HD Online & social media ÅRTV uses several social media for their online audience, primarily focusing on Facebook and Instagram. Snapchat, TikTok and Twitter are also used but targeted towards young people in Åland. Notes References External links Category:Mass media in Åland

French ironclad Valmy

Valmy was the second member of the of coastal defense ships built for the French Navy () in the 1890s. Launched in 1892, the vessel joined the ( Northern Squadron of the French Navy) at Brest. Armed with a main armament of two guns, the vessel was designed within the principles of the . The ship served in the Northern Squadron, which Vice Admiral Armand Bernard called, "the most homogenous and dangerous squadron that one could meet at sea". Valmy took part in a large naval exercises in 1895 and 1896 but otherwise had an uneventful career as French naval doctrine moved from a fleet of smaller coastal defense ships to larger ocean-going battleships. The ship was decommissioned after 1909 and sold in 1911 to be broken up. Design and description thumb|left|alt=Cutaway of the Jemmapes class from Brassey's Naval Annual|Plan view of the Jemmapes class Launched in 1883, Valmy was the second member of the of coastal defense ships designed by de Bussy for the French Navy () as part of a wider adoption of the principles of . The design was to have a similar level of armament, armour, draught and fuel storage as the preceding but with a more modern powerplant based on Belleville boilers that would provide an increase in speed to . The design proposal was accepted by the Board of Construction () on 26 February 1889, finalised on 2 July and approved by the Minister of the Navy () Jules François Émile Krantz on 6 July. Valmy had an overall length of , at the waterline and between perpendiculars, a beam of at the waterline and a mean draught of at deep load. The vessel displaced and had a ship's complement that numbered 299 sailors of all ranks. Valmy was powered by two triple-expansion steam engines that each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by 16 Lagrafel and d'Allest Bellville boilers. The engine was rated at at 108 rpm. While undertaking sea trials, Valmy reached a speed of from . In service, speed was restricted as a bow wave was created at which, by became impossible to push forward, meaning this became the de facto maximum speed. The ship carried of coal, which gave a range of at a cruising speed of . The maximum load of coal was . Once in service, a range of at was claimed. Valmy carried a main battery of two Canon de Modèle 1887 guns in a two single-gun turrets, one forward of the superstructure and the other aft. The guns were manually-loaded and fired one round every five minutes, but this was improved between 1900 and 1902 with new equipment. Secondary armament was provided by four 45-calibre M1891 QF guns mounted at the corners of the shelter deck. Defence from torpedo boats was provided by six Canon de Modèle 1885 Hotchkiss guns and eight Hotchkiss revolving cannon. The ship had a full-length waterline armor belt that tapered from the maximum thickness of amidships to aft and forward. The belt was high amidships. The armor was hammered steel on the port side and compound armor on the starboard. The turrets were protected by thick compound armor that was mounted on fixed bases thick while the gun shields for the secondary armament was provided by hammered steel armor thick. The main deck was protected by thick iron plates. The laminated steel plates protecting the conning tower measured in thickness. Construction and career Ordered on 18 December 1889 from Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire of Saint-Nazaire and Saint-Denis, Valmy was laid down later that year and launched on 6 October 1892. The vessel cost £578,957. The ship's machinery was fully installed on 15 March 1894 and accepted after trials on. Initially commissioned for trials in December 1894, Valmy had to wait until her machinery was accepted on 13 August the following year before being fully commissioned on 14 August. She joined the Northern Squadron () of the French Navy to replace the ironclad . On 12 March 1895, as part of the naval budget debate, Vice Admiral Armand Bernard declared that Valmy and her three companions formed "the most homogenous and dangerous squadron that one could meet at sea". They were considered more than equal to their smaller German contemporaries, the and . Valmy had a generally uneventful career. Between 1 and 23 July 1895, the vessel took part in a large naval exercise in the Atlantic Ocean as part of the Northern Squadron. The manoeuvres included a forced landing at Quiberon and a mock blockade and attack on Cherbourg and Rochefort. The vessel served as part of the defending force, which was successful in resisting the attack. The ship also took part in the maneuvers the following year, conducted from 6 to 26 July in conjunction with the local defense forces of Brest, Rochefort, Cherbourg, and Lorient. The squadron was divided into three divisions for the maneuvers, and Valmy was assigned to the 2nd Division along with her sister ship , the cruiser and the aviso , which represented part of the defending French squadron. At the end of the century, the vessel was part of the Coastal Defence Division alongside the ironclads , and Jemmapes. Meanwhile, French naval doctrine was changing and the focus on coastal defense was being replaced by one of larger sea-going warships. The size of ships was also increasing, and newer, more capable battleships entered service. Valmy was transferred to reserve in 1903, being transferred to Brest between 1 and 2 September 1909. The vessel was ordered to be decommissioned on 11 October 1909 and struck on 1 July the following year. Valmy was sold on 20 July 1911 and broken up. Citations Bibliography Category:1892 ships Category:Coastal defense ships of the French Navy Category:Jemmapes-class ironclads Category:Ships built in France

Synarthothelium

Synarthothelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Arthoniales. It has two species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichens that occur in tropical regions of the Americas. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by the Dutch lichenologist Laurens Sparrius in 2009. Synarthothelium is distinguished from other genera in the Arthoniaceae by the presence of a surrounding its reproductive structures (ascomata). While superficially resembling some members of the family Roccellaceae, such as Schismatomma and Mazosia, Synarthothelium differs in its ascus structure and larger spores. The asci are (club-shaped) to (roughly spherical), similar to those found in Arthothelium (referred to as Arthothelium-type), and contain large . The genus shares some characteristics with Cryptothecia and Stirtonia, which also have large spores and similar asci. However, these genera lack distinct ascomata and have different thallus structures. Synarthothelium can be further distinguished from Arthonia, Arthothelium, and Synarthonia based on various morphological features. Another genus in the Arthoniaceae with a thalline margin is Amazonomyces, but it is strictly leaf-dwelling (foliicolous), has differently shaped spores, and produces abundant reproductive structures with very large conidia. The ascomata of Synarthothelium most closely resemble those of Arthothelium, but differ in having a , a excipulum, and non- ascospores. The genus Paradoxomyces, while sharing some features with Synarthothelium, lacks a thalline margin and is known only as a lichenicolous fungus (growing on other lichens) without its own visible thallus or associated algae. Synarthothelium was originally classified tentatively in the family Arthoniaceae before being placed as incertae sedis (uncertain position) in the order Arthoniales in 2016, because of a lack of molecular sequence data. Habitat and distribution The genus Synarthothelium is known from two species, both found in tropical regions of the Americas. These lichens are corticolous, meaning they grow on tree bark. Synarthothelium sipmanianum, the type species of the genus, has been recorded in Venezuela. It was discovered on , a tepui in Bolívar State, at elevations between approximately 1000 and 1500 metres above sea level. The species was found growing on the base of Stegolepis plants and in forested areas along small streams. Synarthothelium cerebriforme, the second known species in the genus, has been collected in Costa Rica. It was found in San Gerardo de Dota, a cloud forest located in San José Province, at an elevation of about 2800 metres. The specimen was collected from a sapling in a mixed, open Quercus (oak) forest on a steep slope. References Category:Arthoniomycetes Category:Arthoniomycetes genera Category:Lichen genera Category:Taxa described in 2009

2024–25 DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball team

The 2024–25 DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball team represents DePaul University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They are led by first-year head coach Chris Holtmann. They play their home games at Wintrust Arena in Chicago, Illinois, as members of the Big East Conference. Previous season The Blue Demons finished the 2023–24 season 3–29, 0–20 in Big East play to finish in last place. They lost to Villanova in the first round of the Big East tournament. On January 22, 2024, the school fired head coach Tony Stubblefield after starting the season 3–15. Special assistant to the head coach Matt Brady was named the interim head coach for the remainder of the season. On March 14, the school named former Butler and Ohio State head coach Chris Holtmann the team's new head coach. Offseason Departures DePaul DeparturesNameNumberPos.HeightWeightYearHometown Reason for departure Zion Cruz 0 G 6'4" 183 Sophomore Jersey City, NJ Transferred to Rider Chico Carter Jr. 2 G 6'3" 192 GS Senior Columbia, SC Graduated Jalen Terry 3 G 6'0" 158 Senior Flint, MI Graduate transferred to Eastern Michigan K. T. Raimey 4 G/F 6'3" 166 Senior Olathe, KS Graduate transferred to UT Rio Grande Churchill Abass 5 C 6'9" 240 Freshman Edo State, Nigeria Transferred to Wake Forest Jaden Henley 10 G/F 6'7" 200 Sophomore Ontario, CA Transferred to UNLV Keyondre Young 11 G 6'8" 180 Junior Del City, OK Transferred Mac Etienne 12 F 6'10" 235 15px|Redshirt Sophomore New York, NY Transferred to La Salle Da'Sean Nelson 21 F 6'8" 205 Senior Toledo, OH Graduate transferred to Eastern Michigan Elijah Fisher 22 G 6'6" 190 Sophomore Oshawa, ON Transferred to Pacific Caleb Murphy 23 G 6'4" 185 Senior Youngstown, OH Graduate transferred to UMass Lowell Jeremiah Oden 25 F 6'8" 201 Senior Chicago, IL Transferred to Charlotte Dramane Camara 35 G 6'5" 205 Freshman Paris, France Transferred to Norfolk State Mo Sall 55 G 6'5" 180 Sophomore Downers Grove, IL Walk-on; transferred to Northern Illinois Incoming transfers DePaul TransfersNameNumberPos.HeightWeightYearHometownPrevious School Troy D'Amico 0 G 6'7" 212 Senior Chicago, IL Southern Illinois Isaiah Rivera 1 G 6'5" 210 GS Senior Geneseo, IL UIC Layden Blocker 2 G 6'2" 175 Sophomore Little Rock, AR Arkansas Conor Enright 4 G 6'0" 180 15px|Redshirt Junior Mundelein, IL Drake CJ Gunn 11 G 6'6" 194 Sophomore Indianapolis, IN Indiana Jacob Meyer 12 G 6'2" 195 Sophomore Covington, KY Coastal Carolina JJ Traynor 20 F 6'8" 190 GS Senior Bardstown, KY Louisville David Thomas 23 G 6'2" 195 Sophomore McDonough, GA Mercer N.J. Benson 35 F 6'8" 225 Junior Mount Vernon, IL Missouri State David Skogman 42 C 6'10" 235 GS Senior Waukesha, WI Davidson 2024 recruiting class 2025 recruiting class Roster Schedule and results |- !colspan=12 style=| Exhibition |- !colspan=12 style=| Non-conference regular season |- !colspan=12 style=| Big East regular season |- !colspan=12 style=|Big East tournament Source References Category:DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball seasons DePaul DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball Category:2024 in Chicago Category:2025 in Chicago

2010 NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour

The 2010 NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour was the 26th season of the Whelen Modified Tour (WMT). It began with the Icebreaker 150 at Thompson Speedway Motorsports Park on April 11. It ended with the Sunoco World Series of Speedway Racing at Thompson again on October 17. Donny Lia entered the season as the defending Drivers' Champion. Bobby Santos III won the 2010 championship after 14 races, 27 points ahead of Mike Stefanik. Schedule Source: No. Race Title Track Date 1 Icebreaker 150 Thompson Speedway Motorsports Park, Thompson April 11 2 Spring Sizzler Presented by CarQuest Stafford Motor Speedway, Stafford May 1 3 TSI Harley-Davidson 125 Stafford Motor Speedway, Stafford May 28 4 Made In America Whelen 200 Martinsville Speedway, Virginia June 6 5 New England 100 New Hampshire Motor Speedway, Loudon June 26 6 Lime Rock 100 Lime Rock Park, Lakeville July 3 7 Monadnock 200 Monadnock Speedway, Winchester July 17 8 Riverhead 200 Riverhead Raceway, Riverhead July 31 9 Town Fair Tire 150 Stafford Motor Speedway, Stafford August 6 10 Budweiser King of Beers 150 Thompson Speedway Motorsports Park, Thompson August 12 11 UNOH Perfect Storm Bristol Motor Speedway, Bristol August 18 12 F.W. Webb 100 New Hampshire Motor Speedway, Loudon September 18 13 CarQuest Fall Final Stafford Motor Speedway, Stafford October 3 14 Sunoco World Series of Speedway Racing Thompson Speedway Motorsports Park, Thompson October 17 Notes Results and standings Races No. Race Pole position Most laps led Winning driver 1 Icebreaker 150 Bobby Santos III Bobby Santos III Bobby Santos III Dodge 2 Spring Sizzler Presented by CarQuest Bobby Santos III Doug Coby Ted Christopher Chevrolet 3 TSI Harley-Davidson 125 Bobby Santos III Eric Berndt Bobby Santos III Dodge 4 Made In America Whelen 200 Mike Stefanik Ryan Preece Bobby Santos III Dodge 5 New England 100 Ryan Newman Ted Christopher Ryan Newman Chevrolet 6 Lime Rock 100 Todd Szegedy Todd Szegedy Dale Quarterley Chevrolet 7 Monadnock 200 Erick Rudolph Erick Rudolph Ted Christopher Chevrolet 8 Riverhead 200 George Brunnhoelzl III George Brunnhoelzl IIIKevin Goodale Rowan Pennink Chevrolet 9 Town Fair Tire 150 Ron Silk Todd Szegedy Todd Szegedy Ford 10 Budweiser King of Beers 150 Ted Christopher Ted Christopher Ted Christopher Chevrolet 11 UNOH Perfect Storm Justin Bonsignore Ted Christopher Ryan Newman Chevrolet 12 F.W. Webb 100 Ryan Newman Ryan Newman Ryan Newman Chevrolet 13 CarQuest Fall Final Justin Bonsignore Ron Silk Bobby Santos III Dodge 14 Sunoco World Series of Speedway Racing Bobby Santos III Ron Silk Ted Christopher Chevrolet Drivers' championship (key) Bold - Pole position awarded by time. Italics - Pole position set by final practice results or rainout. * – Most laps led. Pos Driver THO STA STA MAR NHA LMPMON RIV STA THO BRI NHA STA THO Points 1 Bobby Santos III 1* 2 1 1 4 17 5 9 23 3 4 19 1 6 2180 2 Mike Stefanik 3 3 7 4 27 6 11 4 2 5 2 3 5 4 2153 3 Ted Christopher 4 1 12 18 2* 5 1 12 5 1* 26* 30 8 1 2102 4 Ron Silk 8 30 13 15 5 3 3 3 3 2 15 5 2* 5* 2096 5 Todd Szegedy 5 5 3 3 15 2* 25 22 1* 6 5 24 11 20 1957 6 Ryan Preece 2 23 4 16* 3 4 22 2 16 22 9 20 6 2 1933 7 Eric Goodale 9 17 24 24 11 18 14 7 7 9 8 8 12 8 1784 8 Erick Rudolph 19 9 8 27 28 16 2* 10 4 21 10 25 3 19 1753 9 Eric Beers 10 27 28 7 10 25 10 6 6 11 14 18 9 7 1752 10 Chuck Hossfeld 33 6 15 25 13 7 17 21 9 7 12 7 18 13 1704 11 Rowan Pennink 6 4 26 32 25 22 12 1 29 4 33 35 4 9 1648 12 Richie Pallai Jr. 21 12 16 9 14 23 23 23 11 14 31 10 23 11 1592 13 Justin Bonsignore 27 10 11 2 12 21 9 17 25 24 6 27 29 22 1587 14 Ed Flemke Jr. 26 11 29 23 6 8 21 18 12 16 20 26 24 15 1540 15 Wade Cole 22 21 20 10 19 10 19 14 24 18 22 14 15 27 1534 16 Woody Pitkat 12 24 23 8 9 11 13 16 21 25 13 22 30 30 1527 17 16 29 9 29 29 6 5* 10 17 28 13 13 26 1478 18 Renee Dupuis 13 18 18 26 20 13 18 25 13 20 35 23 14 24 1478 19 Jamie Tomaino 34 28 14 33 18 9 20 8 28 13 21 32 28 17 1398 20 James Civali 29 8 27 6 7 7 24 12 31 17 10 1206 21 Gary McDonald 25 DNQ DNQ 34 21 19 16 DNQ 20 19 15 25 25 1162 22 Glenn Tyler 20 13 21 36 16 14 20 22 11 16 29 1139 23 Jimmy Blewett 15 15 2 30 30 26 15 2 20 31 1103 24 Jake Marosz 32 DNQ 31 14 32 15 26 DNQ 30 23 16 31 28 1084 25 Kevin Goodale 31 14 25 17 24 15* 28 16 29 22 DNQ 1047 26 Glen Reen 25 17 34 8 15 10 21 7 16 1016 27 Doug Coby 37 22* 8 20 17 8 4 3 1003 28 Eric Berndt 11 7 6* 4 27 29 21 12 986 29 Danny Knoll 24 DNQ DNQ 13 22 12 15 13 18 918 30 Ken Heagy 35 31 17 DNQ 14 26 12 10 18 889 31 Johnny Bush 23 20 19 19 26 24 DNQ 27 743 32 Rob Summers 28 32 5 31 27 33 27 32 690 33 Dale Quarterley 1 7 6 17 597 34 Ryan Newman 1 1 1* 560 35 Joe Hartmann 18 19 33 9 26 DNQ 554 36 Andy Seuss 36 26 10 20 23 231 34 532 37 Chris Pasteryak 7 16 30 22 431 38 Burt Myers 14 5 111 14 397 39 Richard Savary 30 36 28 23 301 40 Rob Fuller 17 31 35 240 41 L. W. Miller 21 24 291 191 42 Tony Ferrante Jr. 19 DNQ2 167 43 Tom Rogers Jr. 19 DNQ2 164 44 Bobby Grigas III 8 142 45 Jason Myers 11 181 130 46 Dave Brigati 11 130 47 Frank Fleming 12 171 127 48 Mike Christopher DNQ2 31 122 49 Mike Speeney 19 106 50 Ron Yuhas Jr. 21 100 51 Tim Arre 22 97 52 Chuck Steuer 26 85 53 Frank Vigliarolo Jr. 27 82 54 Bryan Dauzat 28 241 79 55 Howie Brode 28 79 56 Kenny Horton 33 64 57 Jonathan Kievman 35 58 58 Rick Gentes DNQ2 55 59 Zach Brewer 37 321 52 Andy Petree DNQ Gary Fountain Sr. DNQ Drivers ineligible for NWMT points, because at the combined event at Bristol they chose to drive for NWSMT points John Smith 19 Gene Pack 25 Tim Brown 30 Greg Butcher 34 Brandon Hire 36 Pos Driver THO STA STA MAR NHA LMPMON RIV STA THO BRI NHA STA THO Points Notes 1 – Scored points towards the Whelen Southern Modified Tour. 2 – Tony Ferrante Jr., Tom Rogers Jr., Mike Christopher and Rick Gentes received championship points, despite the fact that the driver did not qualify for the race. See also 2010 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series 2010 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series 2010 ARCA Racing Series 2010 NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour 2010 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series 2010 NASCAR Mini Stock Series 2010 NASCAR Corona Series References *

Rififi in the City

Rififi in the City () is a 1964 Spanish film directed by Jesús Franco. It is based on the novel Vous souvenez vous de Paco? () by Charles Exbrayat. Initially set as a Spanish and French co-production, changes in distribution agreements led to the film only being produced by Cooperativa Cinematográfica Albatros. Filming was initially set to begin on February 13, 1963, but was delayed for two months. While the film received a positive review in the Spanish newspaper Arriba, it was dismissed in the Spanish film magazine Film Ideal. The film has since received some positive reception from Spanish publications, including being included in an anthology of Spanish film in 1997. Production Following The Sadistic Baron von Klaus (1963), director Jesús Franco's next project was Rififi in the City. The film is based on the novel Vous souvenez vous de Paco? () by French novelist Charles Exbrayat. The novel was popular, winning the Prix du roman d'aventures in 1958. The rights to the novel were purchased for 600,000 pesetas, twice the cost of the fee for the director and more than the sum paid to the male leads in the film. The film was initially set to be a co-production in the early planning stages in December 1962. Initially, four companies were set to be involved: the Madrid-based Cooperativa Albatros and the Paris-based Jeme Films, Parsian Compagnie des Artisans du Film, and Eurociné. Among the cast were Jean Servais and Robert Manuel who had previously appeared in the film Rififi (1955), hence the Spanish title referring to the 1955 film. Rififi in the City would mark the beginning and end of collaborative partners with Franco. It was the first film Franco made with Trino Martinez Trives, who initially worked as a stage director and later acted in Franco's films from the 1980s. It was the second and last film he would work with screenwriters and critics from Film Ideal, screenwriters Juan Cobos and Gonzalo Sebastian de Erice. It was the third and final collaboration between cinematographer Godofredo Pacheco with Franco, after working with him on The Awful Dr. Orloff (1962) and The Sadistic Baron von Klaus. Filming was initially set to begin on February 13, 1963, but was delayed for two months. The score by Daniel White was recorded in April 1963. Release The distribution of the film proved to be problematic. On April 15, 1963, Albatros and Compagnie des Artistsans du Film signed a second deal without the knowledge of Eurociné. Eurociné backed out of funding, leading the film to be passed back and forth between distribution companies in France before being distributed in France by a company called C.I.I. Ángel Escolano said this distribution problem caused difficulties for Cooperativa Cinematográfica Albatros, as the film had cost more than initially expected. Franco alternative said that Eurociné had dropped out as left the project after realizing the film was casting more expensive actors. The film was distributed in southern parts of France starting on April 22, 1964, under the title Vous souvenez-vous de Paco? and later re-released as Chasse à la Mafia. It was released in Madrid on December 7, 1964, in three theatres: Fantasio, Figaro and Rialto. These were followed by screenings on August 11, 1965, in Oviedo and February 28, 1966, in Sevilla. Outside Spain and France, the film was shown in Montreal, Canada on August 16, 1965, where it screened with Jean Luc Godard's Contempt (1963). The film was sold to distributors in the United States, but no English-language version of the film is known. It was released with the English title Rififi in the City on home video. Reception From contemporary reviews, The Spanish newspaper Arriba described the film as a skillful technical production, with "many moments of genuine cinema" Alternatively, Ramon Gomez Redondo from Film Ideal stated the film found the film "boring, ridiculous, perfectly confusing." In 1991, Spanish critic Carlos Aguilar stated that the film "triumphs, totally, where just one year earlier La muerte silba un blues has failed, partially." Andrés Peláez Paz praised the film, and included it in a 1997 anthology Antología crítica del cine español 1906-1995 of Spanish cinema alongside the most famous Iberian masterpieces. Andrés Peláez Paz declared the film to be a love letter to the cinema of Orson Welles in the book. References Sources External links Category:1960s Spanish films Category:Films directed by Jesús Franco Category:Films based on French novels Category:Spanish black-and-white films

Boreoplaca

Boreoplaca is a fungal genus in the family Ophioparmaceae. It comprises the single species Boreoplaca ultrafrigida, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), squamulose lichen. Both the genus and species were described in 1994 by the Norwegian lichenologist Einar Timdal. The lichen is found in Eastern Siberia, the Russian Far East as well as in adjacent territories of north-east China, and in South Korea. The main characteristics of the lichen are its squamulose thallus, black apothecia, and Fuscidea-type asci. Systematics The type specimen of Boreoplaca ultrafrigida was collected from the Ojmyakonskii region of Yakutia in Russia at an elevation of . The lichen is known to occur in a few localities near in Yakutia's Indigirka river valley, where it grows on steep, sun-exposed boulder faces. Other lichens that were found growing near the type specimen were Anamylopsora pulcherrima, Dimelaena oreina, Rhizocarpon renneri, Rhizocarpon subdiscrepans, and Umbilicaria muhlenbergii. Boreoplaca ultrafrigida was previously known as Rhizoplacopsis weichingii, which was described in 2006 but later found to be synonymous. The family Rhizoplacopsidaceae was initially created for this species, but its familial placement is now considered uncertain. The species shows morphological similarities to Lecidea sect. Psora, while its ascus type resembles that of the Hypocenomyce friesii-complex and the H. scalaris-complex. Molecular phylogenetics analyses support its placement in the order Umbilicariales. Timdal initially tentatively suggested a placement in the family Biatoraceae. The amyloid reaction pattern of the ascus tips in Boreoplaca is considered taxonomically significant, with the presence of amyloid asci exhibiting a strongly amyloid dome supporting its relationship with Ophioparma and potential inclusion in Ophioparmaceae. Description Boreoplaca ultrafrigida is a lichen characterised by a (scale-like) thallus, which grows in irregular rosette patterns, often expanding along cracks in the . The thallus can reach up to 4 cm in length and 1.5 cm in width. The individual (small, scale-like lobes of the thallus) are initially closely attached to the surface but soon elongate and develop , with each squamule measuring up to 5 mm in diameter. The upper surface of the thallus is medium brown, smooth to slightly wrinkled or cracked, and lacks any powdery coating (). The margins and underside are black, and the lichen is anchored to its substrate by rhizines, which are specialised root-like structures. The upper cortex, the outermost layer of the thallus, is 50–75 μm thick and pale brown. It is composed of thin-walled hyphae (fungal filaments) that are arranged mostly perpendicular to the surface. These hyphae contain crystals that dissolve in potassium hydroxide solution (K) and are C+ (red). Beneath the upper cortex lies the , which is 50–100 μm thick and contains unicellular green algae, Trebouxia, that are up to 15 μm in diameter. These algae form a symbiotic relationship with the fungal partner, providing it with nutrients through photosynthesis. The medulla, the internal tissue of the thallus, is loosely organised with thin-walled hyphae, similar to those in the upper cortex but lacking crystals and not reacting to standard chemical tests (PD−, K−, C−). The lower cortex, up to 40 μm thick, is dark greenish-black and lacks any crystals. The apothecia (fruiting bodies) are (with a black, non-powdery surface) and can be up to 2 mm in diameter. They are black, dull, and aggregated along the margins of the squamules in the central part of the thallus, becoming angular in shape. The of the apothecia is slightly concave to slightly convex, with a thick, persistent margin. The , or outer edge of the apothecia, is annulate (ring-like) and composed of radiating hyphae, with an olivaceous-black rim that turns greener in potassium hydroxide. Inside the apothecia, the hymenium (fertile layer) is 40–50 μm high and does not contain crystals or oil droplets. It is amyloid, meaning it reacts with iodine, and is overlaid by a greenish-black , which turns brighter green in potassium hydroxide. The paraphyses (sterile filaments) are weakly (stuck together), unbranched or minimally branched, and thin-walled, with green incrusting their surface. The asci (spore-producing sacs) are small, (club-shaped), about 40 by 10 μm at maturity, and contain eight colourless, , broadly ellipsoid to nearly spherical spores, measuring 5–7 by 3.5–4.5 μm. The lichen also has pycnidia, which are small, flask-shaped structures embedded in the thallus that produce asexual spores called conidia. These pycnidia have a slightly protruding, greenish-black pore and are filled with crystals that dissolve in potassium hydroxide. The conidia are (spindle-shaped at both ends) and measure 4–5.5 by approximately 1 μm. Chemically, Boreoplaca ultrafrigida contains lecanoric acid, a secondary metabolite typical of many lichens. Distribution and habitat Beyond its type locality in Yakutia, B. ultrafrigida has been found in several other regions of Russia, including Buryatia, Magadan Oblast, and Primorsky Krai. The species has also been recorded in Jilin province, China, which represents its southernmost known location. In 2018, it was rerported from Prov. Gangwon-do in South Korea, growing on rocks at elevation from 1000 to 1600 metres. Boreoplaca ultrafrigida shows a preference for various habitats, including open Larix forests, open rock outcrops among taiga forests, and can be found at elevations ranging from 600 to 2000 metres. References Category:Umbilicariales Category:Lecanoromycetes genera Category:Lichen genera Category:Taxa described in 1994 Category:Taxa named by Einar Timdal

Henricia pumila

Henricia pumila, commonly known as the dwarf mottled henricia, is a species of blood star, a starfish in the family Echinasteridae. Taxonomy Previously considered conspecific with Henricia leviuscula, H. pumila was officially recognized as a separate species in 2010. Its small adult size, external brooding method of reproduction, and details in its morphology, such as its mottled appearance, distinguish it from H. leviuscula. Its specific epithet, pumila, comes from the Latin for "dwarf". Distribution H. pumila occurs in the cool, shallow waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging along the North American coast from near Sitka, Alaska, to Ensenada, Baja California. It is much less common in the Southern Californian stretch of its range, with only a handful of sightings along the coasts of the Channel Islands, Santa Barbara, and San Diego. H. pumila is often observed in the low intertidal, where it can be spotted in tide pools at low tide. Description The dwarf mottled henricia typically has five short, yet slender arms (also called rays) which evenly taper to a blunt tip. Four- or six-armed individuals may occur, but are rare. The aboral (dorsal) side of its body ranges from orange, reddish orange, or purplish red in color, mottled with pale orange, cream, or lavender—its oral (ventral) side is yellow or cream. Its aboral surface is dotted with pseudopaxillae (columnar skeletal plates which are topped with small spines) which bear brush-like clusters of crystalline spines, lending the dwarf mottled henricia a textured appearance. Like other starfishes, H. pumila locomotes using tube feet. Ecology Reproduction The dwarf mottled henricia is a brooding species which has been observed brooding its young from January to April. It is assumed that H. pumila has distinct sexes, but it is possible it may display hermaphroditism in its tissues, as seen in some other brooding marine invertebrates. Once the eggs are shed through the oral gonopores, the brooding parent spirals its arms around a raised oral disc, under which the embryos are brooded until they emerge as free-crawling juveniles. References Category:Animals described in 2010 Category:Echinasteridae

Eniaios

Eniaios is a 22-part silent avant-garde film by Gregory Markopoulos, completed in 1991 and released in parts starting in 2004. The film is made from previous released and unreleased films by Markopoulos, arranged into 22 orders totaling 80 hours of footage. An extensive restoration effort on the film began several years after Markopoulos's death in 1992, and as prints of each order have been created, they have been presented in an ongoing premiere, taking place every four years at a remote site near Lyssarea, Greece. Production Markopoulos had the idea for Eniaios in 1974, conceiving of a "complete order" of his films. In April 1987 he began focusing on re-editing them. Eniaios contains footage from his previously released works, as well as 67 unreleased films. Markopoulos completed Eniaios in Switzerland in 1991, with the entire work comprising 80 hours of footage. Markopoulos's editing aimed to completely isolate the images from his work. He removed the sound from his films, as well as effects which combine images like superimpositions or dissolves. Clear or black leader separates distinct images, such that they never touch. Each image is sustained for no more than a few frames. The brief articulation of an image leaves a lingering afterimage which may interact with the following image. The limited perceptibility of the images, due to the short durations and use of flipped images, is offset through repetition. Release The Temenos During the late 1960s, Markopoulos had begun to envision a pilgrimage site for the purpose of screening films. His 1968 article "Towards a Constructive Complex in Projection" developed this idea, describing it as something similar to a Greek amphitheatre with multiple screens. Critic P. Adams Sitney contrasts the development of this concept with the establishment of Anthology Film Archives in 1970. Markopoulos examined potential locations during the 1970s. He considered two villages in Switzerland, Disentis in the Rhine valley and Lü in Val Müstair, but was concerned that they did not have the "Greek Spirit". After plans fell through for an event at a grove near Tripoli, Markopoulos held the first Temenos screening at Rayi Spartias in 1980. The site was located near his ancestral village of Lyssarea, located in the Arcadian highlands. He began to screen his films exclusively at Rayi Spartias and called the site a temenos, in reference to Ancient Greek religious practices. Restoration and screenings After Markopoulos's death in 1992, there had been little critical attention toward his work for years. His partner Robert Beavers began showing Markopoulos's films and formed a nonprofit organization dedicated to preserving and distributing them. Several museums held retrospectives, and critic P. Adams Sitney included a chapter about Markopoulos, previously removed at Markopoulos's request, in a 2002 revised edition of his book Visionary Film. The splices in the original copy of Eniaios became unglued and required an extensive reconstruction effort so it could be printed and screened. Beavers began the restoration in 2000, at Janice Allen's Cinema Arts laboratory in Pennsylvania. The first screening of Eniaios took place on June 25 to June 27, 2004, during which the first three orders were presented. It was held at an outdoor cinema set up an open field, with a screen, projector, beanbags, and benches. The event was attended by 100–200 people who had travelled to the site. Since then, screenings have been planned at Rayi Spartias on a quadrennial basis, with the 2020 screening delayed to 2022 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The time between screenings has been dictated by the high cost of creating prints, nearly $30,000 for each order. Funding has come from the distribution income of Markopoulos's and Beavers' films, private donations, and grants. After the first screening, restoration work began at Temenos Archive in Uster, Switzerland, which now holds Markopoulos's films. Restoration efforts moved in 2015 to a studio in Berlin. References Bibliography External links Eniaios at the Temenos Category:American silent films Category:Films directed by Gregory Markopoulos Category:Greek avant-garde and experimental films Category:Greek silent films Category:Non-narrative films Category:Silent films in color

French ironclad Jemmapes

Jemmapes was the lead ship of a class of two coastal defense ships built for the French Navy () in the 1890s. Launched in 1892, the vessel joined the Northern Squadron of the French Navy () at Brest. Armed with a main armament of two guns, the vessel was designed within the principles of the . The ship joined the Northern Squadron, which was called, "the most homogenous and dangerous squadron that one could meet at sea". Jemmapes took part in a large naval exercise in 1895 but otherwise had an uneventful career as French naval doctrine moved from a fleet of smaller coastal defense ships to larger ocean-going battleships. The ship was decommissioned in 1910 and served as a hulk before being sold in 1927 to be broken up. Design and description thumb|left|alt=Cutaway of the Jemmapes class from Brassey's Naval Annual|Plan view of the Jemmapes class A larger and more capable design based on the launched in 1883, Jemmapes was the lead ship of a class of two coastal defense ships designed by de Bussy for the French Navy () as part of a wider adoption of the principles of . The design was to have a similar level of armament, armour, draught and fuel storage as the preceding design but with a more modern powerplant based on Belleville boilers that would provide an increase in speed to . The design proposal was accepted by the Board of Construction () on 26 February 1889, finalised on 2 July and approved by the Minister of the Navy () Jules François Émile Krantz on 6 July. Jemmapes had an overall length of , at the waterline and between perpendiculars, a beam of at the waterline and a mean draught of at deep load. The vessel displaced and had a ship's complement that numbered 299 sailors of all ranks. Jemmapes was powered by two triple-expansion steam engines that each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by 16 Lagrafel and d'Allest Belleville boilers. The engine was rated at at 108rpm. While undertaking sea trials, Jemmapes reached a speed of from . In service, speed was restricted as a bow wave was created at which, by became impossible to push forward, meaning this became the de facto maximum speed. The ship carried of coal, which gave a range of at a cruising speed of . The maximum load of coal was . Once in service, a range of at was claimed. Jemmapes carried a main battery of two Canon de Modèle 1887 guns in a two single-gun turrets, one forward of the superstructure and the other aft. The guns were manually-loaded and fired one round every five minutes, but this was sped up between 1900 and 1902 with new equipment. Secondary armament was provided by four 45-calibre M1891 QF guns mounted at the corners of the shelter deck. Defence from torpedo boats was provided by six Canon de Modèle 1885 Hotchkiss guns and eight Hotchkiss revolving cannon. The ship had a full-length waterline armor belt that tapered from the maximum thickness of amidships to aft and forward. The belt was high amidships. The armor was hammered steel on the port side and compound armor on the starboard. The turrets were protected by thick compound armor that was mounted on fixed bases thick while the gun shields for the secondary armament was provided by hammered steel armor thick. The main deck was protected by thick iron plates. The laminated steel plates protecting the conning tower measured in thickness. Construction and career Ordered on 18 December 1889 from Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire of Saint-Nazaire and Saint-Denis, Jemmapes was laid down on 26 December, and launched on 27 April 1892. The vessel cost £525,000. The ship's machinery was fully installed on 3 July 1893 and the vessel was moved to Brest on 24 December. Initially commissioned for trials on 19 January 1884, Jemmapes had to wait until her machinery was accepted on 31 January the following year before being fully commissioned on 4 March. She joined the Northern Squadron () of the French Navy 12 days later. On 12 March, as part of the naval budget debate, Vice Admiral Armand Bernard declared that the squadron, which included three other ships alongside Jemmapes, was "the most homogenous and dangerous squadron that one could meet at sea". They were considered more than equal to their smaller German contemporaries, the and . Jemmapes had a generally uneventful career. Between 1 and 23 July 1895, the vessel took part in a large naval exercise in the Atlantic Ocean as part of the Northern Squadron. The manoeuvres included a forced landing at Quiberon and a mock blockade and attack on Cherbourg and Rochefort. The vessel served as part of the defending force, which was successful in resisting the attack. The ship also took part in the maneuvers the following year, conducted from 6 to 26 July in conjunction with the local defense forces of Brest, Rochefort, Cherbourg, and Lorient. The squadron was divided into three divisions for the maneuvers, and Jemmapes was assigned to the 2nd Division along with her sister ship , the cruiser and the aviso , which represented part of the defending French squadron. At the end of the century, the vessel was part of the Coastal Defence Division alongside the ironclads , and Valmy. Meanwhile, French naval doctrine was changing and the focus on coastal defense was being replaced by one of larger sea-going warships. The size of ships was also increasing, and newer, more capable battleships entered service. Jemmapes was transferred to reserve at Cherbourg between 1902 and 20 September 1909, returning to service at Brest for just over two months before being briefly transferred to Rochefort on 9 December. The vessel was decommissioned at Rochefort on 22 March 1910 and struck on 3 August. Jemmapes served as a hulk for more than a decade until she was sold to Société Goldenberg on 5 November 1927 to be broken up. Citations Bibliography Category:1892 ships Category:Coastal defense ships of the French Navy Category:Jemmapes-class ironclads Category:Ships built in France

Commercial Law Centre

The Commercial Law Centre, located in Harris Manchester College, Oxford, facilitates academic and policy discussion of commerce and financial law. It aims to bring academics, practitioners and policy makers together from around the world to nurture development in commercial law scholarship. It is affiliated with the Faculty of Law at the University of Oxford and UNIDROIT. Its Patron is Sir Roy Goode and its Founding Director was Professor Louise Gullifer, Rouse Ball Professor of English Law at the University of Cambridge. Its current Director is Professor Kristin van Zwieten, Clifford Chance Professor of Law and Finance at the University of Oxford. Projects and events The Commercial Law Centre works closely with UNIDROIT on several projects including: The Cape Town Convention Academic Project, The Best Practices in Electronic Registration Project, and Economic Assessment of International Commercial Law Reform. The centre also regularly hosts symposiums, lectures and workshops featuring leading academics and practitioners across the world. In 2018, it hosted a special lecture series titled "The Common Law and Finance: Perspectives from the Bench" with lectures delivered by Justice Geoffrey Ma, Chief Justice of the Hong Kong Court of Appeal; Lord Briggs, Justice of the UK Supreme Court; Justice Edelman, Justice of the High Court of Australia; and Judge Easterbrook, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Members The centre's Fellows include Huge Beale, Sir William Blair, Michael Bridge, Danny Busch, Paul Davies, Jonathan Harris KC (Hon.), Francis Rose, Sir Stephen Silber, John Vella, Peter Watts. Distinguished Practitioner Members include Hamish Anderson, Richard Clark, Kate Gibbons, Simon Gleeson, Andrea Hacke, Chris Hale, Kevin Ingram, Georgia Quenby, Richard Salter KC, Inga West, Jo Windsor. Faculty Members include Jeremias Prassl, Jennifer Payne, Stefan Enchelmaier, Judith Freedman, Horst Eidenmuller, Luca Enriques, Genevieve Helleringer, Edwin Peel, Thomas Krebs, Andrew Dickinson, Andreas von Goldbeck and Thom Wetzer. Junior Members include Victoria Dixon, Alfred Lewis, Thomas Traschler. The centre also hosts Academic Visitors and PhD students as Junior Academic Visitors. Its advisory board consists of Justice Geoffrey Ma, Justice Edward Murray, Nick Segal, and Patrick J Trostle. References Category:Law firms of the United Kingdom Category:Law firms of England

List of Ramularia species

This is a list of species in the plant pathogen fungus genus Ramularia . Species Fungorum accepts nearly 900 species in the genus Ramularia. A Ramularia abscondita (Fautrey & Lambotte) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia absinthii Laubert (1920) Ramularia acervulata Golovin (1950) Ramularia achilleae-millefolii U. Braun & Rogerson (1993) Ramularia achyrophori-uniflori Baudyš & Picb. (1926) Ramularia aconiti (Petr.) Penz. (1927) Ramularia acris Lindr. (1902) Ramularia acroptili Bremer (1948) Ramularia actaeae Ellis & Holw. (1885) Ramularia actaeina U. Braun (1993) Ramularia actinidiae Ablak. (1960) Ramularia acutae P. Karst. (1884) Ramularia acutata (Bonord.) Lind (1913) Ramularia adenophorae Moesz (1938) Ramularia adesmiae (Henn.) Wollenw. (1916) Ramularia adoxae P. Karst. (1884) Ramularia aegopodii Savinceva (1972) Ramularia aequivoca (Ces.) Sacc. (1881) Ramularia agastaches Sawada (1958) Ramularia agerati Sawada (1959) Ramularia agoseridis Ellis & Everh. (1900) Ramularia agrestis Sacc. (1882) Ramularia agrimoniae Sacc. (1896) Ramularia agropyri Schulzer (1874) Ramularia aguirrei Speg. (1882) Ramularia ajugae (Niessl) Sacc. (1882) Ramularia alangii Hasija (1962) Ramularia alangiicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous (2016) Ramularia alaterni Thüm. (1881) Ramularia albomaculans Sawada (1958) Ramularia albomaculata Peck (1880) Ramularia alborosella (Desm.) Gjaerum (1968) Ramularia albowiana Siemaszko (1919) Ramularia alchemillae Voglino (1913) Ramularia alismatis Fautrey (1890) Ramularia alkannae Osipian (1975) Ramularia allii Byzova (1964) Ramularia alnicola Cooke (1885) Ramularia alpina (C. Massal.) Nannf. (1950) Ramularia alternantherae Z.Y. Zhang & Ying Xing Wang (2002) Ramularia amorphae Ying X. Wang & Z.Y. Zhang (1996) Ramularia anagallidis Lindr. (1902) Ramularia anaphalidicola U. Braun & Rogerson (1994) Ramularia anaphalidis (Golovin) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia anatolica Bremer & Petr. (1947) Ramularia anchusae C. Massal. (1894) Ramularia anchusae-officinalis A.G. Eliasson (1897) Ramularia andromedae Ellis & G. Martin (1884) Ramularia andropogonis Cooke ex Wollenw. (1916) Ramularia angelicae Höhn. (1903) Ramularia angustata Peck (1887) Ramularia angustissima Sacc. (1882) Ramularia anomala Peck (1913) Ramularia anserina Allesch. (1896) Ramularia antennariicola U. Braun (1994) Ramularia anthemidis Hollós (1907) Ramularia anthrisci Höhn. (1903) Ramularia aplospora Speg. (1880) Ramularia arabidicola Annal. (1981) Ramularia arachidis Bond.-Mont. (1934) Ramularia archangelicae Lindr. (1902) Ramularia aremoniae Bubák (1915) Ramularia arenariae A.L. Sm. & Ramsb. (1914) Ramularia argentinensis Deighton (1972) Ramularia ari Fautrey (1892) Ramularia arisaematis Ellis & Dearn. (1897) Ramularia aristolochiae U. Braun (1994) Ramularia armoraciae Fuckel (1870) Ramularia arnicalis Ellis & Everh. (1891) Ramularia arnicalis-montanae U. Braun (1994) Ramularia aromatica (Sacc.) Höhn. (1905) Ramularia aronici (Sacc.) Arx (1950) Ramularia artemisiae Davis (1926) Ramularia arvensis Sacc. (1882) Ramularia asparagi Z.Y. Zhang & W.Q. Chen (2003) Ramularia asperifolii Sacc. (1876) Ramularia asplenii Jaap (1915) Ramularia astaci H. Mann & Pieplow (1938) Ramularia astericola (Sacc.) Cif. (1962) Ramularia asteris (W. Phillips & Plowr.) Bubák (1908) Ramularia asteris-tripolii Jaap (1908) Ramularia atraphaxis (Golovin) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia atropae Allesch. (1892) Ramularia aucubae C. Massal. (1900) Ramularia australis Sacc. (1911) B Ramularia babajaniae (Osipian) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia baccharidis (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun (1990) Ramularia baeumieriana Moesz (1926) Ramularia baeumleriana Moesz (1926) Ramularia balcanica Bubák & Ranoj. (1910) Ramularia ballotae C. Massal. (1890) Ramularia banksiana (Pass.) Sacc. (1886) Ramularia barbareae Peck (1887) Ramularia bartsiae Johanson (1884) Ramularia basarabica Săvul. & Sandu (1933) Ramularia batatas Racib. (1900) Ramularia bataticola Khokhr. & Dyur. (1934) Ramularia beccabungae Fautrey (1892) Ramularia beckeropsidis (Hansf.) Deighton (1973) Ramularia bellidis Sacc. (1882) Ramularia bellunensis Speg. (1879) Ramularia berberidis (Cooke) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia bergeniae Vasyag. (1973) Ramularia betae Rostr. (1899) Ramularia beticola Fautrey & Lambotte (1897) Ramularia betonicae Khokhr. (1951) Ramularia biflorae Magnus (1905) Ramularia biscutellae Vanev & Negrean (1993) Ramularia bistortae Fuckel (1870) Ramularia bonaerensis Speg. (1882) Ramularia borghettiana C. Massal. (1912) Ramularia bornmuelleriana (Magnus) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia bosniaca Bubák (1903) Ramularia botrychii Lindr. (1902) Ramularia branchialis Sordi (1958) Ramularia brassicae Vasyag. (1973) Ramularia bresadolae U. Braun (1991) Ramularia brevipes Ellis & Everh. (1900) Ramularia brunnea Peck (1878) Ramularia brunneopunctata U. Braun (1993) Ramularia bryoniae Fautrey & Roum. (1891) Ramularia bubakiana Picb. (1937) Ramularia bulgarica Bubák & Picb. (1937) Ramularia bullata (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun (1992) Ramularia buniadis Vestergr. (1897) Ramularia buphthalmi Allesch. (1897) Ramularia butomi Lind (1905) Ramularia buxi Fuckel (1870) C Ramularia cacaliae Murashk. (1926) Ramularia caduca (W. Voss) U. Braun (1992) Ramularia calaminthae U. Braun, Chevassut & Pellic. (1998) Ramularia calcea (Desm.) Ces. (1852) Ramularia callistephi Vimba (1968) Ramularia calthae Gonz. Frag. (1916) Ramularia calthicola Gonz. Frag. (1927) Ramularia camelinae Osipian (1975) Ramularia campanulae-barbatae Jaap & Lindau (1907) Ramularia campanulae-latifoliae Allesch. (1895) Ramularia campanulae-persicifoliae A.G. Eliasson (1915) Ramularia campanulae-rotundifoliae Lindr. (1904) Ramularia campanulae-sarmaticae Lobik (1928) Ramularia campanulae-trachelii Sacc. ex Mussat (1901) Ramularia campanularum Karak. (1937) Ramularia caprifoliacearum U. Braun (1993) Ramularia cardamines Syd. & P. Syd. (1903) Ramularia cardui P. Karst. ex Sacc. (1892) Ramularia cardui-personatae Höhn. (1902) Ramularia caricis U. Braun (1994) Ramularia carletonii (Ellis & Kellerm.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia carneola (Sacc.) Nannf. (1950) Ramularia carniformis Ellis & Tracy ex Sherb. (1928) Ramularia carthami Zaprom. (1926) Ramularia carthamicola Darpoux (1946) Ramularia caruaniana Sacc. (1913) Ramularia cassiae T. Zhang & Z.Y. Zhang (2002) Ramularia castaneae (Sawada) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia castillejae Ellis & Everh. (1894) Ramularia catappae Racib. (1900) Ramularia celastri Ellis & G. Martin (1882) Ramularia centaureae Lindr. (1902) Ramularia centaureae-atropurpureae Bubák (1907) Ramularia centaureae-jaceae U. Braun (1993) Ramularia centaureae-scabiosae U. Braun (1988) Ramularia centranthi Brunaud (1887) Ramularia cerasorum Marchal & É.J. Marchal (1921) Ramularia cerastii I.E. Brezhnev (1939) Ramularia cerastiicola (Crous) Videira & Crous (2016) Ramularia ceratocarpi Golovin (1950) Ramularia cercidis H. Zhang & Z.Y. Zhang (2003) Ramularia cercosporelloides U. Braun & Crous (1998) Ramularia cercosporoides Ellis & Everh. (1895) Ramularia cerinthes Hollós (1909) Ramularia cervina Speg. (1879) Ramularia chaerophylli Ferraris (1902) Ramularia chalcedonica Allesch. (1894) Ramularia chamaedryos (Lindr.) Gunnerb. (1967) Ramularia chamaepeucis Ranoj. (1914) Ramularia chamerionis Rostr. (1885) Ramularia chelidonii (Jacz.) Karak. (1937) Ramularia chesneyae (W.P. Golovina) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia chimaphilae H.C. Greene (1949) Ramularia chlorina Bres. (1900) Ramularia chorisiae Viégas (1946) Ramularia chorisporae Lobik (1928) Ramularia chrysopsidis Dearn. (1929) Ramularia cichorii Dearn. & House (1916) Ramularia cicutae P. Karst. (1884) Ramularia cilinodis Davis (1922) Ramularia circumfusa Ellis & Everh. (1895) Ramularia cirsii Allesch. (1892) Ramularia cirsii-eriophori U. Braun (1988) Ramularia cissampeloides N. Srivast. & Kamal (1995) Ramularia citri Penz. (1882) Ramularia citricola Crous & Guarnaccia (2016) Ramularia claytoniae W.B. Cooke (1950) Ramularia clematidis Dearn. & Barthol. (1917) Ramularia clerodendri Sawada (1944) Ramularia coccinea (Fuckel) Vestergr. (1900) Ramularia cochleariae Cooke (1883) Ramularia codonocephali Annal. (1978) Ramularia codonopsidis (Golovin) U. Braun (1998) Ramularia coicis S.K. Singh, P.N. Singh & Waing. (2005) Ramularia coleosporii Sacc. (1880) Ramularia coleosporium Sacc. (1886) Ramularia collo-cygni B. Sutton & J.M. Waller (1988) Ramularia compacta (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun (1990) Ramularia concomitans Ellis & Holw. (1888) Ramularia conferta (Syd. & P. Syd.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia conspicua Syd. & P. Syd. (1903) Ramularia constricta (Penz.) Wollenw. (1935) Ramularia contexta Ellis & Everh. (1894) Ramularia convolvuli Zaprom. (1928) Ramularia coprosmae U. Braun & C.F. Hill (2003) Ramularia corcontica Bubák & Kabát (1903) Ramularia coriandri Moesz & Smarods (1930) Ramularia coronillae Bres. (1900) Ramularia corthusae Săvul. & Sandu (1933) Ramularia cortusae Petr. (1925) Ramularia corydalina U. Braun, Chevassut & Pellic. (1998) Ramularia corydalis Osipian (1975) Ramularia coryli Chevassut (1998) Ramularia cousiniae Vasyag. (1973) Ramularia crambicola Annal. (1978) Ramularia craspediicola U. Braun & Priest (2005) Ramularia crassiuscula (Unger) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia crepidis Ellis & Everh. (1888) Ramularia crupinae Dianese, Hasan & Sobhian (1996) Ramularia crypta Cooke (1883) Ramularia cryptostegiae Pim (1881) Ramularia cucurbitae (Sacc.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia cupulariae Pass. (1876) Ramularia curvula Fautrey (1895) Ramularia cyclaminicola Trel. (1916) Ramularia cylindriopsis Peck (1898) Ramularia cylindroides Sacc. (1882) Ramularia cylindrosporoides J.A. Stev. (1918) Ramularia cynarae Sacc. (1879) Ramularia cynoglossi Lindr. (1902) D Ramularia dacica Săvul. & Hulea (1940) Ramularia daniloi Bubák (1906) Ramularia davisiana U. Braun (1994) Ramularia decipiens Ellis & Everh. (1885) Ramularia delphinii Jaap (1913) Ramularia delphiniicola U. Braun (1991) Ramularia dentariae Poetsch & Schied. (1894) Ramularia desmodii Cooke (1878) Ramularia despermae Arch. Singh, Sh. Kumar, Raghv. Singh & D.K. Agarwal (2008) Ramularia destruens Peck (1891) Ramularia deusta (Fuckel) Karak. (1937) Ramularia dianthi Lindau (1906) Ramularia dichosciadii Petr. (1955) Ramularia didyma Unger (1832) Ramularia didymarioides Briard & Har. (1891) Ramularia diervillae Peck (1885) Ramularia digitalis (Fuckel) U. Braun (2020) Ramularia digitalis-ambiguae Arx (1949) Ramularia dioscoreae Ellis & Everh. (1891) Ramularia dipsaci Allesch. (1887) Ramularia dispar Davis (1919) Ramularia dispersa Davis (1929) Ramularia doliariae Viégas (1946) Ramularia dolomitica Kabát & Bubák (1904) Ramularia doronicella Ferraris (1910) Ramularia doronici Pass. & Thüm. (1881) Ramularia dracocephali Vasyag. (1973) Ramularia dryopteridacearum U. Braun (1998) E Ramularia eamesii Dearn. & House (1921) Ramularia echii Bondartsev (1921) Ramularia effusa Peck (1880) Ramularia enecans Magnus (1895) Ramularia epilobiana (Sacc. & Fautrey) B. Sutton & Piroz. (1963) Ramularia epilobii (Schnabl) W.G. Schneid. ex Trail (1889) Ramularia epilobii-palustris Allesch. (1893) Ramularia epilobii-parviflori Lindr. (1902) Ramularia epilobii-rosei Lindau (1906) Ramularia epipactidis U. Braun & Rogerson (1993) Ramularia episphaeria (Desm.) Gunnerb. (1967) Ramularia epistroma Moesz & Smarods (1938) Ramularia equinosa Unger (1832) Ramularia eremostachydis Zaprom. (1928) Ramularia erigerontis Gonz. Frag. (1917) Ramularia erigerontis-annui Sawada (1958) Ramularia eriodendri Racib. (1900) Ramularia eriogoni U. Braun (1994) Ramularia eriophylli U. Braun (1994) Ramularia erodii Bres. (1897) Ramularia eryngii Jacz. (1917) Ramularia eucalypti Crous (2007) Ramularia eudidyma Wollenw. (1913) Ramularia euonymi Ellis & Kellerm. (1885) Ramularia euonymicola Videira, H.D. Shin, U. Braun & Crous (2016) Ramularia euphorbiacearum Arch. Singh, Sh. Kumar, Raghv. Singh & D.K. Agarwal (2008) Ramularia eurotiae Kalymb. (1962) Ramularia evanida (J.G. Kühn) Sacc. (1886) Ramularia exilis Syd. & P. Syd. (1905) Ramularia eximia Bubák (1903) F Ramularia fagarae Sawada (1944) Ramularia fagopyri Abramov ex U. Braun (1991) Ramularia falcariae Savinceva (1972) Ramularia farinosa (Bonord.) Sacc. (1886) Ramularia filaris Fresen. (1863) Ramularia filarszkyana Moesz (1924) Ramularia flammulae Roiv. (1953) Ramularia foeniculi Sibilia (1932) Ramularia formosana Sawada (1943) Ramularia fragariae Peck (1880) Ramularia fraxinea Davis (1915) Ramularia frutescens Kabát & Bubák (1905) Ramularia fumariae Speg. (1910) Ramularia fuscosora Muhr & Tønsberg (1989) G Ramularia galegae Sacc. (1882) Ramularia galeopsidis Bubák (1913) Ramularia galii Chevassut (1992) Ramularia gardeniae C. Massal. (1909) Ramularia gaultheriae Videira & Crous (2016) Ramularia gei (Fuckel) Lindau (1910) Ramularia gei-aleppici Săvul. & Sandu (1933) Ramularia geranii Fuckel (1870) Ramularia geraniicola Videira & Crous (2016) Ramularia geranii-sanguinei C. Massal. (1900) Ramularia geranii-silvatici Vestergr. (1900) Ramularia giliae R. Sprague (1937) Ramularia glauca Ellis & Everh. (1903) Ramularia glechomatis U. Braun (1993) Ramularia glehniae Savile (1965) Ramularia glennii Videira & Crous (2014) Ramularia glycinicola U. Braun & Bagyan. (1998) Ramularia glycyrrhizae Vasyag. (1957) Ramularia gnaphalii (P. Syd.) Karak. (1937) Ramularia golovinii U. Braun (1998) Ramularia gossypii (Speg.) Cif. (1962) Ramularia gracilipes Davis (1926) Ramularia gracilispora U. Braun (1993) Ramularia grantii Dearn. (1929) Ramularia gratiolae U. Braun & Scheuer (2008) Ramularia grevilleana (Tul. & C. Tul. ex Oudem.) Jørst. (1945) Ramularia grewiae Lacy & Thirum. (1951) Ramularia grewiae-occidentalis Crous & U. Braun (1995) Ramularia grindeliae Ellis & Kellerm. (1884) Ramularia gunnerae (Speg.) U. Braun (1994) Ramularia gymnematis T.S. Ramakr. & Sundaram (1954) H Ramularia hamamelidis Peck (1884) Ramularia hamburgensis Lindau (1906) Ramularia harae Henn. (1905) Ramularia haroldporteri Videira & Crous (2014) Ramularia hayachinensis (Togashi & Onuma) U. Braun (1998) Ramularia heimerliana Magnus (1909) Ramularia helianthi Ellis & Everh. (1897) Ramularia hellebori Fuckel (1870) Ramularia helminthiae Bremer & Petr. (1947) Ramularia helvetica Jaap & Lindau (1907) Ramularia heraclei (Oudem.) Sacc. (1886) Ramularia hesperidis Săvul. & Sandu (1940) Ramularia heteropappi Annal. (1981) Ramularia heucherae (Dearn.) U. Braun (1993) Ramularia hieracii Ranoj. (1918) Ramularia hieracii-umbellati A.G. Eliasson (1915) Ramularia holci-lanati (Cavara) Deighton (1972) Ramularia hornemannii Lindr. (1902) Ramularia hughesiana (Sacc.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia hydrangeae Y.L. Guo & U. Braun (1998) Ramularia hydrangeae-macrophyllae U. Braun & C.F. Hill (2008) Ramularia hydrangeicola J.H. Park & H.D. Shin (2016) Ramularia hylomeconis Naumov (1914) Ramularia hyperici U. Braun & Scheuer (1995) Ramularia hypericicola U. Braun (1998) Ramularia hypochaeridis Magnus (1896) I Ramularia impatientis Peck (1883) Ramularia imperatoriae Lindau (1907) Ramularia inae Vanev & Negrean (1992) Ramularia inaequalis (Preuss) U. Braun (1998) Ramularia incarvilleae Golovin (1950) Ramularia indica K.L. Kothari, M.K. Bhatn. & N.S. Bhatt (1967) Ramularia interstitialis (Berk. & Broome) Gunnerb. & Constant. (1991) Ramularia inulae (Sacc.) Höhn. (1906) Ramularia ionophila Davis (1915) Ramularia ipomoeae F. Stevens (1925) Ramularia iranica Petr. (1949) Ramularia iridis (Ellis & Halst.) U. Braun (1994) Ramularia isarioides (Sacc.) Ellis & Everh. (1885) Ramularia islandica Jørst. (1963) Ramularia ivae Dearn. (1929) Ramularia iwateyamensis Togashi (1936) J Ramularia jaapii Trotter (1931) Ramularia jacobeae Ranoj. (1918) Ramularia jaczevskii (Negru & Vlad) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia jordanovii Vanev & Bakalova (1983) Ramularia jubatskana (Sacc.) U. Braun (1993) Ramularia jurineae Hollós (1907) K Ramularia kabatiana Bubák (1902) Ramularia karakulinii N.P. Golovina (1964) Ramularia karelii (Petr.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia karstenii Sacc. (1895) Ramularia keithii Massee (1893) Ramularia khandalensis Patw. & A.K. Pande (1970) Ramularia kiggelariae Sacc. (1881) L Ramularia lactea (Desm.) Sacc. (1882) Ramularia lactucae Jaap (1905) Ramularia lactucosa Lambotte & Fautrey (1898) Ramularia lamii Fuckel (1870) Ramularia lamiicola C. Massal. (1890) Ramularia lamiigena M. Bakhshi, Zare & Jafary (2021) Ramularia lanceolata Dearn. & House (1918) Ramularia lanosa (Jacz.) U. Braun (1998) Ramularia lapponica Lindr. (1902) Ramularia lappulae (Davis) Davis (1926) Ramularia lapsanae (Desm.) Sacc. (1881) Ramularia lata Sacc. (1879) Ramularia lathyri W.B. Cooke & C.G. Shaw (1952) Ramularia leeae S.K. Singh, P.N. Singh & Waing. (2005) Ramularia leontodontis Moesz (1926) Ramularia leonuri Sorokīn (1872) Ramularia leptospora Speg. (1910) Ramularia lethalis Ellis & Everh. (1891) Ramularia levistici Oudem. (1886) Ramularia libanotidis Bubák (1907) Ramularia ligusticicola U. Braun (1994) Ramularia ligustrina Maubl. (1906) Ramularia liliicola Alé-Agha, U. Braun & Feige (2005) Ramularia linariae Baudyš & Picb. (1924) Ramularia lineola Peck (1880) Ramularia lini Lebedeva (1921) Ramularia liriodendri Ellis & Everh. (1888) Ramularia lithospermi Lebedeva (1921) Ramularia lobeliae Sawada ex X.X. Zeng & Z.Y. Zhang (2006) Ramularia lolii (Volkart) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia lomatiicola U. Braun (1994) Ramularia lonicerae Voglino (1904) Ramularia lophanthi Ellis & Everh. (1897) Ramularia loticola C. Massal. (1906) Ramularia ludoviciana Minter, B.L. Brady & R.A. Hall (1983) Ramularia lupinicola (Pollack) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia lychnidicola Cooke (1885) Ramularia lycopodis Hollós (1907) Ramularia lysimachiae Thüm. (1874) Ramularia lysimachiarum Lindr. (1902) M Ramularia maclurae (Ellis & Langl.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia macrospora Fresen. (1863) Ramularia macularis (J. Schröt.) Sacc. & P. Syd. (1899) Ramularia maculicola U. Braun & Rogerson (1993) Ramularia maculiformis Unger (1832) Ramularia magnusiana (Sacc.) Lindau (1906) Ramularia major (Unger) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia malachii Ying X. Wang & Xue Y. Wang (1997) Ramularia mali Videira & Crous (2014) Ramularia malicola Videira & Crous (2016) Ramularia malvae Fuckel (1870) Ramularia marrubii C. Massal.( 1889) Ramularia martianoffiana Thüm. (1878) Ramularia matricariae Antok. ex Vassiljevsky & Karak. (1937) Ramularia matronalis Sacc. (1880) Ramularia medicaginis Bondartsev & Lebedeva (1914) Ramularia melampyri Ellis & Dearn. (1893) Ramularia melampyrina C. Massal. (1900) Ramularia meliloti Ellis & Everh. (1894) Ramularia melittis (Unamuno) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia menthae Thüm. (1880) Ramularia menthicola Sacc. (1886) Ramularia menyanthis Magnus ex Sacc. (1913) Ramularia mercurialis-perennis Roum. (1891) Ramularia miae Crous (2006) Ramularia michauxioidis Magnus (1903) Ramularia microlepiae F. Stevens (1925) Ramularia microlepis F. Stevens (1925) Ramularia micromeriae Gonz. Frag. (1927) Ramularia microspora Thüm. (1877) Ramularia millettiae Z.Y. Zhang & Yong H. He (2003) Ramularia mimuli Ellis & Kellerm. (1883) Ramularia minax Davis (1922) Ramularia minutissima (P. Syd.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia mirim Viégas (1946) Ramularia modesta Sacc. (1882) Ramularia moehringiae Lindr. (1902) Ramularia momordicae Heald & F.A. Wolf (1911) Ramularia monachorum Bubák (1915) Ramularia monilioides (Ellis & G. Martin) Ellis & Everh. (1885) Ramularia montenegrina Bubák (1906) Ramularia monticola Speg. (1881) Ramularia muehlenbeckiae U. Braun & Priest (2005) Ramularia mulgedii (Bubák) Bubák (1916) Ramularia multiplex Peck (1885) Ramularia myosotidis Vassiljevsky (1937) Ramularia myxophaga Javoron. (1914) N Ramularia nagornyi Karak. (1937) Ramularia nambuana Henn. (1904) Ramularia narcissi Chittend. (1906) Ramularia narkandensis Deighton (1973) Ramularia nasturtii (Pospelov) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia necator Massee (1907) Ramularia nemopanthi Clinton & Peck (1878) Ramularia neodeusta Videira & Crous (2016) Ramularia nephrolepidis F. Stevens (1925) Ramularia nerii-indici T. Zhang & Gui (2003) Ramularia nevodovskii Vasyag. (1973) Ramularia nicolai Bubák (1903) Ramularia nigricans (C. Massal.) Ferraris (1921) Ramularia nigromaculans Shear (1931) Ramularia nikitinii Annal. (1981)) Ramularia nivea Kabát & Bubák (1904) Ramularia nivosa (Ellis & Everh.) W.B. Cooke & C.G. Shaw (1952) Ramularia nodosa Tho (1972) Ramularia noneae Lobik (1928) Ramularia norvegicae Peck (1880) Ramularia nymphaeae Bres. (1894) Ramularia nymphaearum (Allesch.) Ramsb. (1931) Ramularia nyssicola (Cooke) Videira & Crous (2014) O Ramularia obducens Thüm. (1881) Ramularia obliqua (Cooke) Oudem. (1873) Ramularia oblongispora Casp. (1907) Ramularia occidentalis Ellis & Kellerm. (1887) Ramularia occulta (Sacc.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia ochracea (Fuckel) U. Braun (1991) Ramularia onobrychidis Allesch. (1892) Ramularia onopordi C. Massal. (1899) Ramularia onosmatis Byzova (1973) Ramularia ontariensis Sacc. (1914) Ramularia oplopanacis U. Braun & Crous (2003) Ramularia oreophila Sacc. (1881) Ramularia organi N.P. Golovina (1960) Ramularia origani N.P. Golovina (1960) Ramularia origanicola Chevassut (1992) Ramularia orontii Ellis & G. Martin (1884) Ramularia osmorhizae U. Braun (1994) Ramularia osterici Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous (2016) Ramularia ovata Fuckel (1870) Ramularia ovularioides H.C. Greene (1947) Ramularia oxalidis Farl. (1884) Ramularia oxyriae-digynae Gjaerum (1971) P Ramularia pachysandrae U. Braun (1993) Ramularia paeoniae Voglino (1905) Ramularia pakistanica S.A. Khan & M. Kamal (1969) Ramularia paludosa Fr. (1849) Ramularia panacicola Zinssm. (1918) Ramularia pararhabdospora Crous (2021) Ramularia parietariae Pass. (1876) Ramularia paspali (Deighton) U. Braun (1990) Ramularia pastinacae-sativae U. Braun (1988) Ramularia paulula Davis (1909) Ramularia peckii Sacc. & P. Syd. (1899) Ramularia penstemonis W.B. Cooke & C.G. Shaw (1950) Ramularia periplocae Vanev (1992) Ramularia persicariicola U. Braun & C.F. Hill (2004) Ramularia petasitis (Bäumler) Jaap (1916) Ramularia petasitis-tomentosae Săvul. & Sandu (1933) Ramularia petrakiana Moesz (1926) Ramularia petuniae Cooke (1891) Ramularia peucedani Hollós (1909) Ramularia phacae-frigidae (E. Müll. & Wehm.) Videira & Crous (2016) Ramularia phaceliae Bonar (1946) Ramularia phaseoli Klotzsch (1882) Ramularia phaseolina Petr. (1950) Ramularia phellodendri Y.X. Wang (1996) Ramularia philadelphi Sacc. (1877) Ramularia phlogis U. Braun (1994) Ramularia phlomidicola Lobik (1928) Ramularia phlomidis Bondartsev & Lebedeva (1914) Ramularia phormii Cockayne (1921) Ramularia phyllostictae-michauxoidis Magnus (1903) Ramularia phyteumatis Sacc. & G. Winter (1882) Ramularia picridicola Lindr. (1902) Ramularia picridis Fautrey & Roum. (1892) Ramularia pimpinellae Jaap (1908) Ramularia pistaciae Crous (2019) Ramularia pistiae R.C. Fern. & R.W. Barreto (2005) Ramularia pivensis Bubák (1915) Ramularia pleuropteri U. Braun (1991) Ramularia plurivora Videira & Crous (2014) Ramularia poagena U. Braun (1994) Ramularia polemonii W.B. Cooke & C.G. Shaw (1952) Ramularia polygalae (J. Schröt.) Sacc. & P. Syd. (1899) Ramularia polygoni Pandotra & Ganguly (1964) Ramularia pratensis Sacc. (1882) Ramularia prenanthis Jaap (1906) Ramularia primulae Thüm. (1878) Ramularia primulana (P. Karst.) P. Karst. (1884) Ramularia prini Peck (1885) Ramularia prismatocarpi Oudem. (1877) Ramularia proteae Crous & Summerell (2000) Ramularia pruinosa Speg. (1879) Ramularia prunellae Ellis & Everh. (1889) Ramularia pseudococcinea Lindr. (1902) Ramularia pseudodecipiens U. Braun (1992) Ramularia pseudogeranii U. Braun (1988) Ramularia pseudoglobosa U. Braun (1990) Ramularia pseudolotophaga U. Braun (1990) Ramularia pseudomaculiformis (Desm.) Rossman & W.C. Allen (2016) Ramularia pseudorubella U. Braun (1994) Ramularia psoraleae Ellis & Everh. (1894) Ramularia pteridicola Petr. (1927) Ramularia puccinioides Sorokīn (1871) Ramularia puerariae Sawada (1943) Ramularia pulchella Ces. (1853) Ramularia punctiformis Sacc. (1904) Ramularia purpurascens G. Winter (1884) Ramularia pusilla Unger (1832) R Ramularia rabdosiae Z.Y. Zhang & W.Q. Chen (2003) Ramularia ramosa Golovin (1952) Ramularia ranoievichii Karak. (1937) Ramularia ranunculi-carpa Săvul. & Sandu (1931) Ramularia ranunculi-carpatici Săvul. & Sandu (1931) Ramularia ranunculicola Pirnia & U. Braun (2018) Ramularia ranunculi-lyallii Dearn. & Barthol. (1917) Ramularia ranunculi-montani (C. Massal.) U. Braun (1993) Ramularia ranunculi-muricati Jørst. (1962) Ramularia ranunculi-oxyspermi Lobik (1928) Ramularia rapunculoides Nannf. (1950) Ramularia recognita C. Massal. (1894) Ramularia repens Ellis & Everh. (1891) Ramularia repentis Oudem. (1902) Ramularia reticulata Ellis & Everh. (1894) Ramularia rhabdospora (Berk. & Broome) Nannf. (1950) Ramularia rhaetica (Sacc. & G. Winter) Jaap (1917) Ramularia rhamnigena (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia rhei Allesch. (1896) Ramularia rhombica Matsush. (1975) Ramularia rhopalostylidis U. Braun (2013) Ramularia richardiae Kalchbr. & Cooke (1880) Ramularia rigidula (Delacr.) Nannf. (1950) Ramularia robiciana (W. Voss) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia rollandii Fautrey (1897) Ramularia rosea Sacc. (1882) Ramularia rubella (Bonord.) Nannf. (1950) Ramularia rubicola Ershad (2000) Ramularia rubicunda Bres. (1896) Ramularia rudbeckiae Peck (1883) Ramularia rufibasis (Berk. & Broome) Gunnerb. & Constant. (1991) Ramularia rufomaculans Peck (1883) Ramularia rumicicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous (2016) Ramularia rumicis Kalchbr. & Cooke (1880) Ramularia rumicis-crispi Sawada (1943) Ramularia rumicis-scutati Allesch. (1900) Ramularia rutae-murariae Trotter (1931) S Ramularia sabaudica F. Mangenot (1958) Ramularia salviae Bondartsev (1921) Ramularia salviae-pratensis Pellic. & U. Braun (1998) Ramularia salviicola Tharp (1917) Ramularia sambucina Sacc. (1882) Ramularia sanguisorbicola U. Braun (1994) Ramularia saniculae Linh. (1883) Ramularia saprophytica Bubák (1906) Ramularia saxifragae (J. Schröt.) Sacc. & P. Syd. (1899) Ramularia saximontanensis Solheim (1943) Ramularia scabiosae Lind (1913) Ramularia scelerata Cooke (1885) Ramularia schisandrae Ablak. & Koval (1961) Ramularia schroeteri J.G. Kühn (1881) Ramularia schulzeri Bäumler (1888) Ramularia schwarziana (Magnus) Gunnerb. (1967) Ramularia scirpi Deeva (1973) Ramularia scolopendrii Fautrey (1892) Ramularia scopoliae W. Voss (1883) Ramularia scorzonerae Jaap (1908) Ramularia scrophulariae Fautrey & Roum. (1891) Ramularia scutellariae Woron. (1927) Ramularia senecionis (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. (1886) Ramularia senecionis-platyphylli Siemaszko (1919) Ramularia sennenii Gonz. Frag. (1916) Ramularia sepium Dearn. & Bisby (1929) Ramularia septata (Bonord.) Bubák (1916) Ramularia serbica Ranoj. (1910) Ramularia serotina Ellis & Everh. (1889) Ramularia serratulae (Sacc.) Maia (1960) Ramularia serratulina Chevassut (1992) Ramularia sheldonii Trotter (1931) Ramularia sidalceae Ellis & Everh. (1888) Ramularia sideritidis Hollós (1907) Ramularia silenes P. Karst. (1891) Ramularia silenes-procumbentis Karak. (1915) Ramularia silenicola C. Massal. (1889) Ramularia simplex Pass. (1882) Ramularia smilacinae Davis (1907) Ramularia smyrnii-olusatri Unamuno (1942) Ramularia solani Sherb. (1915) Ramularia solenanthi N.P. Golovina (1960) Ramularia solheimii U. Braun (1988) Ramularia sonchi Dominik (1936) Ramularia sorbi Karak. (1937) Ramularia sorokinii Sacc. & P. Syd. (1899) Ramularia sparganii Rostr. (1883) Ramularia spegazzinii Sacc. (1886) Ramularia sphaeroidea Sacc. (1878) Ramularia spinaciae Nypels (1898) Ramularia spiraeae Peck (1883) Ramularia spiraeae-arunci Sacc. (1892) Ramularia stachydis (Pass.) C. Massal. (1889) Ramularia stachydis-alpinae Allesch. (1892) Ramularia stachydis-germanicae Moesz (1940) Ramularia stachydis-palustris Pospelov (1964) Ramularia stachyopsidis Vasyag. (1973) Ramularia statices Rostr. (1904) Ramularia statices-latifoliae Săvul. & Sandu (1933) Ramularia stellariae Rabenh. (1871) Ramularia stellariicola (M.J. Park, J.H. Park & H.D. Shin) Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous (2016) Ramularia stellenboschensis Crous (2011) Ramularia stolonifer Ellis & Everh. (1891) Ramularia stroganoviae Annal. (1972) Ramularia subalpina Bubák (1903) Ramularia submodesta Höhn. (1902) Ramularia subtilis U. Braun & C.F. Hill (2006) Ramularia succisae Sacc. (1882) Ramularia sycina Sacc. & D. Sacc. (1902) Ramularia sylvestris Sacc. (1880) Ramularia symphoricarpi (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia symphyti-tuberosi (Allesch.) Jaap (1916) Ramularia synthyridis W.B. Cooke & C.G. Shaw (1952) Ramularia syringae H. Zhang & Z.Y. Zhang (2003) T Ramularia taleshina Bakhshi & Arzanlou (2017) Ramularia tanaceti Lind (1905) Ramularia taraxaci P. Karst. (1884) Ramularia tecta U. Braun, Chevassut & Pellic. (1994) Ramularia telekiae Bubák & Wróbl. (1916) Ramularia tenella U. Braun & C.F. Hill (2006) Ramularia tenuior Fautrey & Brunaud (1894) Ramularia tenuis Davis (1924) Ramularia tenuissima Fr. (1849) Ramularia terrae-novae Savile (1965) Ramularia terskei Domashova (1960) Ramularia thalictri Hollós (1926) Ramularia theicola Curzi (1926) Ramularia thelypodii Clem. & E.S. Clem. (1908) Ramularia thesii (J. Schröt.) P. Syd. ex Sacc. (1899) Ramularia thrinciae Sacc. & Berl. (1885) Ramularia tiliae Lobik (1928) Ramularia tirolensis Maire (1910) Ramularia torrendii (Bres.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia torvi Ellis & Everh. (1898) Ramularia tovarae Sawada ex U. Braun (1988) Ramularia trachystemonis Siemaszko (1915) Ramularia trautvetteriae C.G. Shaw & R. Sprague (1954) Ramularia triboutiana (Sacc. & Letendre) Nannf. (1950) Ramularia tricherae Lindr. (1902) Ramularia trifolii Jaap (1910) Ramularia trifoliicola U. Braun (1993) Ramularia trigonotidis Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous (2016) Ramularia triumfettae N. Srivast. & Kamal (1995) Ramularia trollii Iwanoff (1900) Ramularia trotteriana Sacc. (1902) Ramularia tuberculiniformis (Höhn.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia tumescens (Fuckel) Sacc. (1886) U Ramularia ucrainica Petr. (1921) Ramularia ufensis Karak. (1915) Ramularia ulmariae Cooke (1876) Ramularia umbrina Davis (1919) Ramularia umbrosa A.L. Sm. & Ramsb. (1918) Ramularia undulata C. Bernard (1907) Ramularia uniseptata (Höhn.) Wollenw. (1924) Ramularia unterseheri Videira & Crous (2015) Ramularia uredinearum Hulea (1939) Ramularia uredinicola Khodap. & U. Braun (2005) Ramularia uredinis (W. Voss) Sacc. (1886) Ramularia urticae Ces. (1863) Ramularia ussuriensis Koval (1963) V Ramularia vaccarii Ferraris (1902) Ramularia vaccinii Peck (1884) Ramularia vacciniicola Crous & Thangavel (2017) Ramularia vagnerae Barthol. (1909) Ramularia valerianae (Speg.) Sacc. (1882) Ramularia vallisumbrosae Cavara (1899) Ramularia vancouveriae (Ellis & Everh.) R. Sprague (1937) Ramularia variabilis Fuckel (1870) Ramularia variata Davis (1919) Ramularia variegata Ellis & Holw. (1886) Ramularia variispora Golovin & Gapon. (1971) Ramularia verbasci Fuckel (1874) Ramularia veronicae Fuckel (1870) Ramularia veronicae-cymbalariae Kill. (1928) Ramularia veronicae-peduncularis Lobik (1928) Ramularia veronicicola Videira & Crous (2016) Ramularia vestergreniana Allesch. (1902) Ramularia viciae A.B. Frank (1881) Ramularia vincae Sacc. (1882) Ramularia vincetoxici Bres. (1920) Ramularia violae Fuckel (1870) Ramularia violae-brevistipulatae Togashi (1936) Ramularia violae-tricoloris Thüm. (1874) Ramularia viridis (Golovin) Pellic. & Guy García (2001) Ramularia viscariae Kabát & Bubák (1910) Ramularia vitis (Richon) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia vizellae Crous (2011) Ramularia vogeliana (Sacc., Syd. & P. Syd.) U. Braun (1988) Ramularia vossiana Thüm. (1879) W-Z Ramularia waldsteiniae Ellis & Davis (1903) Ramularia weberiana Videira & Crous (2016) Ramularia winteri Thüm. (1881) Ramularia wisconsina H.C. Greene (1951) Ramularia woronichinii G. Arnaud (1954) Ramularia xanthii Lobik (1928) Ramularia zeretelliana U. Braun (1988) Ramularia zinniae Crous & U. Braun (1995) Ramularia ziziphorae Panf. & Gapon. (1963) References * Ramularia

Poecilia vandepolli

Poecilia vandepolli, or Van de Poll's molly, is a poeciliid fish native to the Lesser Antilles. A euryhaline species, it is one of the most common fish in its range, inhabiting fresh, brackish, salt, and hypersaline waters. The fish vary significantly in size and color depending mostly on the salinity of their environment. The saltwater specimens grow faster and become more robust and more colorful, but the species is drawn to freshwater habitats, which disappear in each dry season and must be recolonized when the rains return. The species feeds on algae, biofilm, and aquatic invertebrates. Females give birth to live fry. Cannibalism of the fry is common when food is scarce. Taxonomy Poecilia vandepolli was originally described by Van Lidth de Jeude in 1887. He simultaneously described the subspecies P. vandepolli arubensis, but this taxon has not been recognized by later researchers. Hubbs considered P. vandepolli a subspecies of P. sphenops. In 1963, Rosen and Bailey challenged the validity of this and other short-fin molly species and made them synonyms for P. sphenops. Poeser resurrected P. vandepolli as a separate species in 1992. A genetic analysis in 2016 confirmed that P. vandepolli is a distinct species. There is no officially recorded common name for the species. Proposed common names include Van de Poll's molly, orange-tail molly, and Dutch-Antillean molly. On the islands of Aruba and Curaçao, where it is native, it is known simply as "molly" and machuri, respectively. The ancestral form of P. vandepolli diverged approximately 150,000 years ago when the Lesser Antilles, which the species inhabits today, were connected to mainland Venezuela. Based on the similarities between the two species noted by Hubbs, Poeser considered P. vandepolli to have common ancestry with P. vivipara from South America. The 2016 genetic study, however, has shown that the species most closely related to P. vanderpolli are the Central American P. mexicana, P. gillii, and P. sulphuraria. Description P. vandepolli is variable, or polymorphic, in many respects. Sexually mature females normally reach 30–45 mm in standard length, while males grow to 25–35 mm SL. Though these measurements place them among the smaller mollies, large specimens are sometimes encountered as well: a 72.7 mm SL female and a 51.9 SL male have been reported. These size variations pertain to distinct populations. The fish vary in color as well, even within the same population. Males are more intensely colored than females and have a larger dorsal fin. The physical differences between populations are the result of varying ecological conditions, especially salinity. The specimens living in marine habitats have larger bodies, longer dorsal fins, and stronger coloration. Their caudal peduncle is stronger, allowing them a better maneuver against large waves and tidal fluxes. They also exhibit more orange coloration, especially in their dorsal and caudal fins, and more black spots in the caudal fin. The freshwater fish are cream to light yellow. A black band may be present on the dorsal fin in freshwater males, as may a humeral blotch. Individuals from brackish habitats resemble those from fresh waters but never have a humeral blotch. Distribution and habitats P. vandepolli is native to the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (ABC islands). It is a euryhaline species: it inhabits freshwater, brackish, saltwater, and hypersaline coastal habitats. It is also found in the freshwater habitats of the island of Saint Martin, but was probably introduced there by Dutch settlers. P. vandepolli is one of the most common fish species found in the coastal habitats across the Lesser Antilles and is found in nearly all freshwater localities. It is one of only five native species inhabiting the fresh waters of Aruba, the others including the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and the mountain mullet (Dajaus monticola), and is by far the most abundant and dominant along with the invasive Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Occurrences have been reported from mainland Venezuela, including the Lake Maracaibo river estuary, but the validity of these collection records remains unconfirmed. The molly is widespread in rivulets and freshwater ponds on the Lesser Antilles. Most of these vanish during the dry season, essentially purging the islands of freshwater animals. Once the torrential rain flooding commences, the chemical cue from the surface runoff laden with terrestrial organic compounds attracts the mollies from the sea to colonize the reemergent freshwater systems, where they reproduce quickly. The mollies are likewise common in sheltered lagoons and inner bays, particularly in localities with mangroves. Their population in these saltwater habitats is small, likely due to high predation, but crucial because of its stability. Ecology P. vandepolli prefers to feed on unicellular and other small algae, biofilm, and aquatic insects. When food becomes scarce, Vandepoll's mollies may take plankton and Artemia. Stomach content analyses show that cannibalistic adults eat fry when food is lacking. The pupfish Cyprinodon dearborni, which can also live in all salinities, shares the molly's dietary habits and is a major competitor. They may only coexist if their habitat has a connection to the sea; if the habitat is cut off, one of the species vanishes. In confined water bodies population density is kept down by a lack of food: most offspring starve or fall prey to adults. In sea the molly is heavily predated on by other fish. Freshwater and supersaline habitats are generally free of predators, but on Curaçao birds and trematodes prey on the mollies. Bird predators include egrets and pelicans. Reproduction P. vandepolli is a ovoviparous livebearer. Small females produce about 10 live fry per litter; particularly large ones may produce over 100. Newborn fry measure 8-9 mm. Their growth is faster in the sea than in fresh wataer and slowest in hypersaline environments. Adults readily predate on their own offspring. The females usually outnumber the males 2:1, sometimes less. Fishkeeping thumb|A saltwater male exhibiting numerous blotches of black and orange P. vandepolli is easy to care for in a home aquarium and will breed readily. It demands plenty of space on account of its activity as well as warm water. Its ability to intensify its orange coloration after a high-carotenoid diet, and the existence of highly-blotched specimens, might quality the species for ornamental fish trade. References vandepolli Category:Fish of Aruba Category:Fish of Bonaire Category:Fish described in 1887 Category:Taxa named by Theodorus Willem van Lidth de Jeude

Josef Plojhar

Josef Plojhar (2 March 1902 – 5 November 1981) was a Czech and Czechoslovak Roman Catholic priest and politician. He served as Minister of Health between 1948 and 1968, and also chaired the Peace Movement of Catholic Priests from 1948 to 1968. Biography Plojhar was born in České Budějovice to a German-Czech family. He received his secondary education at a German gymnasium in his hometown and was active in German student associations; his nationality was also listed as German when he was ordained a priest. Plojhar considered himself to be of Czech nationality from the early 1930s, when he joined the Czechoslovak People's Party (ČSL). After being ordained to priesthood in 1925, Plojhar started working in the administration of the Diocese of České Budějovice. Until 1939, he was a chaplain in the Cathedral of St. Nicholas in České Budějovice, and from March of that year in an administrative position of the parish of Rudolfov. He also wrote several works on religion, including a treatise on the stigmatic Therese Neumann shortly after his ordination, and in 1930 a pamphlet on the International Eucharistic Congress in Carthage, which he attended. After World War II, he produced several theological works on the relationship between Catholicism and communism. After the occupation of the Czech lands by Nazi Germany in 1939, Plojhar was arrested by the Germans; from September 1939 until 1945, he was imprisoned in the concentration camps Buchenwald and Dachau. After liberation, he shortly resumed work as a priest in České Budějovice before being elected to the Interim National Assembly for the ČSL; he remained a deputy of the succeeding Constituent National Assembly, and then of the National Assembly, until 1960. In the post-war period, Plojhar emerged as a leader of the left-wing of the ČSL, supporting cooperation with the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). After being expelled from the ČSL by the right-wing majority, he and other members of the left-wing faction took control of the party secretariat and reorganized it, openly aligning it with the KSČ. After the coup d'état in February 1948, Plojhar was appointed Minister of Health in Klement Gottwald's government; he would retain this position in several governments until 1968, making him the longest-serving minister in the history of Czechoslovakia. As a Catholic priest, Plojhar was also active in establishing and heading an organization of ”progressive priests”. The organization existed in several forms and names; first as the Movement of Catholic Priests between 1948 and 1951, and then as the National Committee of Catholic Priests and finally the Peace Movement of Catholic Priests between 1951 and 1968. In response, Plojhar was excommunicated by the Holy See in the summer of 1949. In addition, Plojhar served as vice-president in 1948–1951 and then as president in 1951–1968 of the ČSL, and as vice-president of the Association of Czechoslovak–Soviet Friendship in 1952–1970. During the Prague Spring in 1968, Plojhar was removed from his position as Minister of Health, as well as from his position as president of the ČSL. After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and the following period of normalization, he again became president of the ČSL on an honorary basis, and also came to serve as a deputy to the Chamber of the People of the Federal Assembly from 1971 until his death. Plojhar died during a reception at the Soviet embassy in Prague in celebration of the anniversary of the October Revolution in 1981. Cardinal František Tomášek, at the time Archbishop of Prague, was offered to conduct a Catholic ceremony for Plojhar, but refused; the ceremony was conducted by another Catholic priest. Honours and awards Czechoslovak honours 60px Order of Klement Gottwald, two times (7 May 1955; 2 March 1962) Foreign honours 60px Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1948) References Category:1902 births Category:1981 deaths Category:People from České Budějovice Category:Czech people of German descent Category:20th-century Czech Roman Catholic priests Category:KDU-ČSL politicians Category:Members of the Interim National Assembly of Czechoslovakia Category:Members of the Constituent National Assembly of Czechoslovakia Category:Members of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia (1948–1954) Category:Members of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia (1954–1960) Category:Members of the Chamber of the People of Czechoslovakia (1971–1976) Category:Members of the Chamber of the People of Czechoslovakia (1976–1981) Category:Government ministers of Czechoslovakia Category:Buchenwald concentration camp survivors Category:Dachau concentration camp survivors Category:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church Category:Recipients of the Order of Klement Gottwald Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta

2024 Women's Softball European Championship

The 2024 Women's Softball European Championship is an upcoming international European softball competition to be held in Utrecht, Netherlands from 1 to 7 September 2024. This will be the 24th edition of the Women's Softball European Championship. Opening round Group A Group B Group C Group D Group X Group Y 17–22th places classification Group G Matches already played between the teams of group C (C3 and C4), and Group D (D3 and D4) are carried over. 13–16th places classification Group F 15–16th places classification 13–14th places classification 7–12th places classification Group E Matches already played between the teams of group X (X4, X5 and X6), and Group Y (Y4, Y5 and Y6) are carried over. Super Round Group Z Matches already played between the teams of group X (X1, X2 and X3), and Group Y (Y1, Y2 and Y3) are carried over. Finals Bronze–4th places classification Gold–Silver places classification Final Ranking Rk Team W L Pct. 9 0 7 2 7 2 4 5 4 5 4 4 6 2 6 7 7 3 8 4 4 9 3 5 10 6 5 11 3 7 12 3 8 13 5 2 14 3 3 15 3 3 16 2 3 17 5 2 18 4 3 19 3 4 20 2 5 21 1 6 22 0 7 References External links Official website European Championship Category:Softball competitions in the Netherlands Softball European Championship Category:Women's Softball European Championship Softball European Championship Category:Sports competitions in Utrecht (province) Category:Sports competitions in Utrecht (city)

Alvin Sariaatmadja

Alvin Widarta Sariaatmadja (born 14 August 1983) is an Indonesian entrepreneur and investor. He is the owner of US Lecce and director of Elang Mahkota Teknologi (Emtek). Early life and education Sariaatmadja was born on 14 August 1983 in Sydney, Australia to a couple of Eddy Kusnadi Sariaatmadja and Sofi Wijaya. His father Eddy, is an Sundanese-Palembang billionaire and philanthropist who owns Elang Mahkota Teknologi (Emtek) and a shareholder of Bukalapak and Dana. He completed his undergraduate education in Law and Finance at the University of New South Wales, Australia in 2005. Business career After completing his studies, Sariaatmadja began his career as a financial analyst at Melbourne-based investment bank Lazard Carnegie Wylie. In this role, he honed his financial modeling and strategic advisory skills across a range of sectors, including retail, transportation, financial services and healthcare. Sariaatmadja joined the Elang Mahkota Teknologi (Emtek) Group in 2009 and held several director positions until becoming President Director in April 2015. At the helm of Emtek, he focused on the digitalization of the company's diverse businesses. One of the important milestones under his leadership was the acquisition of digital payment startup PT Espay Debit Indonesia Koe (EDIK) in 2017, which operates the Dana e-wallet. Dana was one of the first startups to introduce a cashless payment system, which is now widely used in Indonesia. In May 2022, he officially became an investor of the Italian second division football club US Lecce after purchasing a 10% stake of the club. As of May 2024, he is the owner of US Lecce which competes in Serie A, the top tier of Italian football. References External links Alvin W. Sariaatmadja Category:Living people Category:University of New South Wales alumni Category:Businesspeople in technology Category:Businesspeople in mass media Category:Businesspeople from Jakarta Category:Indonesian Muslims Category:Indonesian businesspeople Category:Indonesian people of Malay descent Category:Sundanese people Category:Palembang people Category:Indonesian socialites Category:Government ministers of Indonesia Category:1983 births Category:Italian football chairmen and investors

Mutsindozi River

The Mutsindozi River () is a river in southeastern Burundi, a tributary of the Malagarasi River. Course The Mutsindozi River forms to the north of Muyaga on the border between Makamba Province to the south and Rutana Province to the north. It flows east, defining this border, to its junction with the Malagarasi River on the border between Burundi and Tanzania. The river is in the Mosso-Malagarazi depression, which has forest galleries in wooded fringes along the watercourses. Environment The surroundings of the Mutsindozi River are mainly savannah forest. The area is quite densely populated, with 80 inhabitants per square kilometer as of 2016. The average annual temperature in the area is . The warmest month is August, when the average temperature is , and the coldest is April, with . Average annual rainfall is . The wettest month is March, with an average of of precipitation, and the driest is July, with of precipitation. Marshes The Mutsindozi-Malagarazi marsh subsystem is formed by two branches of the Mutsindozi River, flowing into the Malagarazi River. The first branch is that of the Kirombwe River which crosses a large papyrus grove in its lower course at the level of before flowing into the Malagarazi River. The marshes include the Kirombwe Marsh, Kumutongotongo Marsh and Rwabira Marsh. The Kayogoro Marshes are in the valley of the Buga Colline between the Kirombwe River, a tributary of the Mutsindozi, and the Malagarazi. The water of these rivers rises in the rainy season after October and floods the whole valley. When the water recedes in May, crops of rice, sweet potatoes, corn, peanuts, beans, onions and vegetables are grown in the marsh. Sugar The Mutsindozi River supplies water to the Moso sugar project in Rutana Province, which was included in Burundi's third five-year economic and social development plan in the early 1970s, but began construction in 1986. It is run by the Moso Sugar Company (SOSUMO), founded in 1982. The project is in the Moso natural region. See also List of rivers of Burundi References Sources Category:Rivers of Burundi

Santa Clara Beltway

The Santa Clara Beltway is a ring road encircling the city of Santa Clara, Cuba. The road is 2 lanes on both sides, with a central divider in the middle. It is commonly known as simply the Circunvalación de Santa Clara (Santa Clara Beltway), although officially its split into the Circunvalación Norte and Circunvalación Sur (North Beltway and South Beltway). History After the Cuban Revolution, the beltway was created, along with other roads being made, including making the Avenida 26 de Julio into a 2 lane road on both sides, and later, making access to the Autopista Nacional. Safety In 2015, both the Circunvalación Norte and Circunvalación Sur were considered two of the 22 dangerous sections in Villa Clara Province, with the Circunvalación Norte having 14 accidents, two deaths, and 17 people injured, and the Circunvalación Sur having 9 accidents and 6 people injured. In 2019, the section of the road coming in between the roundabouts of Santa Clara–Sagua Road and the Carretera de Maleza was inspected, and was found to be in need of minor fixes, including fissures and low severity cracks, along with not enough road signs along the section of the road. In 2022, a cyclist died on the road due to a resident in a Peugeot speeding at an estimate per hour. Later the same year, a car fell roof first into the Belico River bridge due to a technical failure of the vehicle, with two people inside only one person fainted and the other seemed to be fine. During tourist seasons, it is known for the road, and the region in general, to be more unsafe, with an accident happening in summer 2024, at the roundabout with the Carretera Central, to Esperanza, in front of the 12 plantas building in Santa Clara. Route thumb|Junction of the beltway and Santa Clara–Caibarién Road sign, seen from Avenida Liberacion thumb|Junction of Avenida Abel Santamaria and the beltway MunicipalityWardkmmiDestinationNotesSanta ClaraCondado Sur19x19px 19x19px Autopista Santa Clara / Avenida 9 de Abril (Calle San Miguel) / To Autopista Nacional – HavanaVirginia Avenida de los DesfilesCarretera Los Caneyes / Prolongacion Marta AbreuCalle OquendoVirginia / Jose MartiAvenida Abel Santamaria / Calle Oria19x19px Carretera Central – Antón Díaz, Esperanza, Varadero, MatanzasCarretera de la Planta Mecánica / SubplantaAeropuertoSanta Clara–Sagua Road / Avenida Eduardo Chibas – Cifuentes, Sagua La GrandeCalle Guamajal – Guamajal21x21px Carretera de Maleza – Abel Santamaría Airport,Encrucijada, Calabazar de SaguaCapiro - Santa Catalina21x21px Santa Clara–Caibarién Road / Avenida Liberacion – Cayo Santa MaríaSandinoLinea19x19px Carretera Central – PlacetasEscambrayCarretera del GuacaloteCarretera del Acueducto / Prolongación de Colón – Boquerones, Rebacadero21x21px Santa Clara–Fomento Road – Mataguá, Manicaragua, Fomento, Trinidad References Category:Santa Clara, Cuba Category:Roads in Cuba

Terry O'Malley Seidler

Therese "Terry" O'Malley Seidler (born May 16, 1933) is an American former baseball owner and executive who owned the Los Angeles Dodgers from 1979 to 1997, alongside her brother Peter O'Malley. She is one of a few women to serve as the principle owner of a Major League Baseball team, inheriting half the team after the death of her father Walter O'Malley. Early life Born Therese "Terry" O'Malley in New York City on May 16, 1933, she was the eldest child of Katherine "Kay" () and Walter O'Malley. Her younger brother, Peter, was born in 1937. She spent her early life split between Amityville, New York and Brooklyn. O'Malley attended Froebel Academy and graduated from St. Francis Xavier Academy in Brooklyn. She enrolled in College of New Rochelle where she was elected freshman class president and Mission Queen as a senior, played basketball and softball and was a member of the student council in 1953–1954. In Amityville, she was a member of the Narrasketuck Yacht Club where she took part in sailboat racing. Her hobbies also included ice-skating and swimming. Career Upon graduating from college, O'Malley served as executive secretary for the Dodgertown Summer Camp for Boys in Vero Beach, Florida for three summers. When the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles, O'Malley moved to California with her family. She worked as her father's personal secretary. After marriage to Roland Seidler, Terry devoted herself to her family. In 1978, she returned to the Dodgers executive office and served on their Board of Directors. She and Peter O'Malley, who had been serving as President of the team for a few years, inherited the team outright upon the death of their father in 1979. In 1981, Seidler was named secretary of the Dodgers Board of Directors in 1981, continuing in that role through 1998, when the O'Malley's sold the team to Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. On the 50th anniversary of the opening of Dodger Stadium, April 10, 2012, Seidler threw out the ceremonial first pitch. On the stadium's inaugural opening day, her mother Kay had thrown the ceremonial first pitch. Historic Dodgertown In 2012, Seidler and O'Malley both joined efforts to buy Dodgertown, the Dodger's spring training facility in Vero Beach, Florida until they moved to Camelback Ranch in Arizona. The old facility was about to be torn down due to Indian River County's inability to find a willing tennant. The facility was turned into a year-round multi-sport training and conference center. Thanks to the efforts of the O'Malleys, Historic Dodgertown became a Florida Heritage Landmark on November 10, 2014. Personal life Seidler married Los Angeles-native and businessman Roland "Rollie" Seidler in October 1958. They had met earlier that year, during a doubleheader between the Dodgers and the Philadelphia Phillies at the Los Angeles Coliseum on May 4. The couple remained married until his death in June 2008 at their home in Pasadena, California. They had ten children together, including Peter Seidler, who was the principle owner of the San Diego Padres until his death in 2023. See also Women in baseball List of female Major League Baseball principal owners Referencess External links Category:Living people Category:1933 births Category:20th-century American businesswomen Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Businesspeople from New York City Category:Catholics from California Category:Catholics from New York (state) Category:College of New Rochelle alumni Category:Los Angeles Dodgers owners Seidler, Terry Category:People from Amityville, New York Category:People from Pasadena, California Category:Sportspeople from New York City Category:Women baseball executives Category:Women sports owners

Chilean peso (1817–1960)

The Chilean peso (symbol: $) was the legal tender of Chile from 1817 until 1960, when it was replaced by the escudo, a currency that was itself replaced in 1975 by a new peso. It was established in 1817, together with the country's independence, and in 1851 the decimal system was established in the peso, which was made up of 100 centavos. It remained legal tender in Chile until 1 January 1960, when it was replaced by the escudo. It was manufactured by the Mint of Chile (1743) and regulated by the Central Bank of Chile (1925), in charge of controlling the amount of money in circulation. History Although the adoption of the peso to replace the colonial real dates back to 1817, with the beginning of the New Fatherland period, the Spanish currency system continued to be used, in which 8 reales were equal to 1 peso and 2 pesos to 1 escudo. In 1835, copper coins denominated in centavos were introduced, but it was not until 1851 that the real and escudo denominations ceased to be issued and new issues in centavos and diezmos (worth 10 centavos) began. The custom of using the old Spanish monetary system persisted in Chile until January 9, 1851, when the decimal system was adopted by law, in which 1 peso was made up of 10 diezmos or 100 centavos. Also in 1851, the peso was set at 5 French francs, or 22.5 grams of pure silver. However, gold coins were issued to a different standard than in France, with 1 peso equal to 1.37 grams of gold (5 francs equaled 1.45 grams of gold). A gold standard was adopted in 1885, pegging the peso to the British pound sterling at a rate of 13+1⁄3 pesos = 1 pound (1 peso = 1 shilling and 6 pence); this was reduced in 1926 to 40 pesos = 1 pound (1 peso = 6 pence). In 1925, money circulation was controlled by the newly created Central Bank of Chile. The Monetary Law, published in the Official Gazette on September 16 of that year, established the peso as containing 6 pence of gold and that 10 peso units would constitute "one condor"; It was also established that every coin of 10 pesos or more would have its value in pesos stamped in letters and numbers, and its equivalent in condors in smaller letters. Beginning in 1932, the value of the peso began to gradually decline, and by the 1940s, inflation began to increase rapidly; as a result, Law 11885 of September 15, 1955 established that all obligations would be paid in whole pesos, without cents. In the context of a policy of national economic sanitation and inflationary control undertaken by the government of Jorge Alessandri, between 1960 and 1975 the peso was replaced by the escudo (Eº).​ The conversion rate was 1000 pesos for 1 escudo. Coins Between 1817 and 1851, silver coins were issued in denominations of , , 1, and 2 reales and 1 peso (also denominated 8 reales), with gold coins for 1, 2, 4, and 8 escudos. In 1835, copper and 1 centavo coins were issued. A full decimal coinage was introduced between 1851 and 1853, consisting of copper and 1 centavo, silver and 1 décimo (5 and 10 centavos), 20 and 50 centavos, and 1 peso, and gold 5 and 10 pesos. In 1860, gold 1 peso coins were introduced, followed by cupronickel , 1 and 2 centavos between 1870 and 1871. Copper coins for these denominations were reintroduced between 1878 and 1883, with copper centavos added in 1886. A new gold coinage was introduced in 1895, reflecting the lower gold standard, with coins for 2, 5, 10 and 20 pesos. In 1896, the and 1 décimo were replaced by 5 and 10 centavo coins. In 1907, a short-lived, silver 40 centavo coin was introduced following cessation of production of the 50 centavo coin. In 1919, the last of the copper coins (1 and 2 centavos) were issued. The following year, cupronickel replaced silver in the 5, 10 and 20 centavo coins. A final gold coinage was introduced in 1926, in denominations of 20, 50 and 100 pesos. In 1927, silver 2 and 5 peso coins were issued. Cupronickel 1 peso coins were introduced in 1933, replacing the last of the silver coins. In 1942, copper 20 and 50 centavos and 1 peso coins were introduced. The last coins of the first peso were issued between 1954 and 1959. These were aluminum 1, 5 and 10 pesos. Gold bullion coins with nominals in 100 pesos were minted between 1932 and 1980 (i.e. they survived into the periods of two later currencies). In addition, there was a special issue of gold coins (100, 200 and 500 pesos) in 1968. Coins issued in values of 5 and 10 pesos from 1956 onwards, as well as bullion coins of 20, 50 and 100 pesos issued from 1925 to 1980 (exceeding the validity of this monetary standard by 20 years) also bring such equivalence in condors, being 10 pesos per condor. Banknotes The first Chilean paper money was issued between 1840 and 1844 by the treasury of the province of Valdivia, in denominations of 4 and 8 reales. In the 1870s, a number of private banks began issuing paper money, including the Banco Agrícola, the Banco de la Alianza, the Banco de Concepción, the Banco Consolidado de Chile, the Banco de A. Edwards y Cía., the Banco de Escobar, Ossa y Cía., the Banco Mobiliario, the Banco Nacional de Chile, the Banco del Pobre, the Banco Sud Americano, the Banco del Sur, the Banco de la Unión, and the Banco de Valparaíso. Others followed in the 1880s and 1890s. Denominations included 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 pesos. One bank, the Banco de A. Edwards y Cía., also issued notes denominated in pounds sterling (libra esterlina). In 1881, the government issued paper money convertible into silver or gold, in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 1000 pesos. 50 centavo notes were added in 1891 and 500 pesos in 1912. In 1898, provisional issues were made by the government, consisting of private bank notes overprinted with the words "Emisión Fiscal". This marked the end of the production of private paper money. In 1925, the Banco Central de Chile began issuing notes. The first, in denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100, and 1000 pesos, were overprints on government notes. In 1927, notes marked as "Billete Provisional" were issued in denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 pesos. Regular were introduced between 1931 and 1933, in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 pesos. The 1 and 20 peso notes stopped production in 1943 and 1947, respectively. The remaining denominations continued production until 1959, with a 50,000-peso note added in 1958. Notes issued after 1925 show the equivalence in condors, which was at the rate of 10 pesos per condor. The following are the banknotes issued since 1932: DenominationIssueColorDimensionsObverseBack1 peso1⁄10 cóndor(provisional)1932-1942Blue/yellow120 × 60 mmDenomination and Central Bank of Chile seal.Denomination and letter from the series.1943Blue/yellow88 × 51 mmDenomination and Central Bank of Chile seal.Denomination and letter from the series.5 pesos½ cóndor1932-1959Blue145 × 70 mmPortrait of Bernardo O'Higgins.Denomination.10 pesos1 cóndor1932-1959Reddish brown145 × 70 mmPortrait of Manuel Bulnes.Denomination.20 pesos2 cóndores1939-1947Brown145 × 70 mmPortrait of Pedro de Valdivia.View of Santa Lucía Hill park.50 pesos5 cóndores1932-1959Green145 × 70 mmPortrait of Aníbal Pinto.Denomination.100 pesos10 cóndores1933-1959Red145 × 70 mmPortrait of Arturo Prat.Denomination.500 pesos50 cóndores1933-1945Yellow/brown180 × 80 mmPortrait of Manuel Montt.Llegada de Almagro a Chile ("Almagro arrives in Chile"), by Pedro Subercaseaux.1947-1959Blue145 × 70 mmPortrait of Manuel Montt.Llegada de Almagro a Chile ("Almagro arrives in Chile"), by Pedro Subercaseaux.1000 pesos100 cóndores1933-1947Brown180 × 80 mmPortrait of Manuel Blanco Encalada.Fundación de Santiago ("Foundation of Santiago"), by Pedro Lira.1947-1959Black145 × 70 mmPortrait of Manuel Blanco Encalada.Fundación de Santiago ("Foundation of Santiago"), by Pedro Lira.5000 pesos500 cóndores1932Orange200 × 105 mmPortrait of Manuel Antonio Tocornal.Denomination1940Blue200 × 105 mmPortrait of Manuel Antonio Tocornal.Carga de O'Higgins en la Batalla de Rancagua ("O'Higgins' charge at the Battle of Rancagua"), by Pedro Subercaseaux.1947-1959Brown175 × 85 mmPortrait of Manuel Antonio Tocornal.Carga de O'Higgins en la Batalla de Rancagua ("O'Higgins' charge at the Battle of Rancagua"), by Pedro Subercaseaux.10,000 pesos1000 cóndores1932Green200 × 105 mmPortrait of José Manuel Balmaceda.Denomination1940Brown200 × 105 mmPortrait of José Manuel Balmaceda.Abrazo de Maipú, by Pedro Subercaseaux.1947-1959Brown/gray180 × 85 mmPortrait of José Manuel Balmaceda.Abrazo de Maipú, by Pedro Subercaseaux.50,000 pesos5000 cóndores1959Green180 × 85 mmPortrait of Arturo Alessandri Palma.Frontispiece of Central Bank of Chile main building. See also Economic history of Chile References Category:Modern obsolete currencies Category:1817 establishments in the Captaincy General of Chile Category:1960 disestablishments in Chile Peso, Chilean Category:Peso Category:Currencies of Chile

Eighth federal electoral district of Michoacán

thumb|Michoacán's federal electoral districts since 2022 thumb|Michoacán under the 2017–2022 districting scheme The eighth federal electoral district of Michoacán (Distrito electoral federal 08 de Michoacán) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of eleven such districts in the state of Michoacán. It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fifth region. District territory Michoacán lost its 12th district in the 2022 redistricting process. Under the new districting plan, which is to be used for the 2024, 2027 and 2030 federal elections, the eighth district covers 169 electoral precincts (secciones electorales) in the north-west sector of the municipality of Morelia. The district's head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and collated, is the state capital, the city of Morelia. Previous districting schemes 2017–2022 Between 2017 and 2022, the district's head town was at Morelia and it comprised 130 precincts in the north-west of the municipality of Morelia. 2005–2017 Under the 2005 districting plan, Michoacán lost its 13th district. The eighth district's head town was at Morelia and it covered 145 precincts in the north and west of the municipality. The link contains comparative maps of the 2005 and 1996 schemes. 1996–2005 Under the 1996 districting plan, the district's head town was at Morelia and it covered the northern portion of the municipality. 1978–1996 The districting scheme in force from 1978 to 1996 was the result of the 1977 electoral reforms, which increased the number of single-member seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 196 to 300. Under the reforms, Michoacán's allocation rose from 9 to 13. The eighth district's head town was at Zitácuaro and it was composed of nine municipalities in the east of the state: Angangueo, Aporo, Contepec, Epitacio Huerta, Maravatío, Ocampo, Senguio, Tlalpujahua and Zitácuaro. Deputies returned to Congress + Eighth federal electoral district of Michoacán Election Deputy Party Term LegislaturePascual Ortiz RubioManuel Martínez Solórzano1916–1917Constituent Congressof Querétaro ...1973Francisco Valdez Zaragoza22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1973–197649th Congress1976Héctor Terán Torres22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1976–197950th Congress1979Luis Coq Guichard22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1979–198251st Congress1982Ignacio Olvera Quintero22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1982–198552nd Congress1985Abimael López Castillo22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1985–198853rd Congress1988Hiram Rivera Teja22px|link=Popular Socialist Party (Mexico)1988–199154th Congress1991José Ascención Orihuela Bárcenas22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1991–199455th Congress1994Fernando Orihuela Carmona22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party1994–199756th Congress1997Juan Antonio Prats García22px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution1997–200057th Congress2000Sergio Acosta Salazar22px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution2000–200358th Congress2003Ana Lilia Guillén Quiroz22px|link=Party of the Democratic Revolution2003–200659th Congress2006Daniel Chávez GarcíaSusana Sarahí Carrasco Cárdenas22px|link=National Action Party (Mexico)2006–2009200960th Congress2009Alfonso Martínez AlcázarIridia Salazar Blanco22px|link=National Action Party (Mexico)2009–20112011–201261st Congress2012Eligio Cuitláhuac González Farías22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party2012–201562nd Congress2015Fernando Castro Ventura22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party2015–2018201863rd Congress2018Ana Lilia Guillén Quiroz22px|link=National Regeneration Movement2018–202164th Congress2021Roberto Carlos López García22px|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party2021–202465th Congress2024Ernesto Núñez Aguilar22px|link=Ecologist Green Party of Mexico2024–202766th Congress Notes References Category:Federal electoral districts of Mexico Category:Geography of Michoacán Category:Government of Michoacán

Vivian Jill Lawrence

Vivian Jill Lawrence( born September 11, 1983) is a Ghanaian Kumawood actress and philanthropist. She made her debut in the film Daakayee Asem and has since then appeared in many Ghanaian movies such as Kayayo, Adom, Sekina, Red card and others. Career She is an actress who featured in many Ghanaian movies. She also encouraged her fellow actors and actresses to respect the public since they are those who promoted them for many producers to start featuring them in movies. She was insulted by woman in a bank because of the role she played in a movie " Kyeiwaa". The woman insulted her because she took the husband of another woman in that movie. Apart from being a Kumawood actress, she have also engaged in charcoal business where she always load a car full of charcoal to Tema while following it with her car from Kumasi to Tema. Personal life Lawrence was born on 11 September 1983 in Kano, Nigeria to a Scottish father and a Ghanaian mother. Lawrence return to Ghana when she was eight years, where she completed her primary and secondary education. She give birth to her first son, Clinton when she was 15 years. She had another male child called Alfie. According to Lawrence, she said she will not spend any amount of money on the man that she love. Vivian Jill Lawrence married to her fellow actor Don Kingsley Yamoah. Some of their colleague actors and actresses attended the wedding. Lawrence had tattoo on her right leg of which she have said she regretted having it and will try and clean it on her skin. Controversy Mrs Vivian Jill Lawrence opposes the allegations that most actresses are engage in prostitution due to collapse of the Ghana movie industry. She said that after an actor and producer, Kwame Borga said that over 70 per cent of Kumawood actresses are now into prostitution. She said, "apart from acting some of us have things doing" and even said how she started loading charcoal to Tema. Philanthropy Mrs Lawrence who is also the CEO of Jill Foundation build a house and furnished it for an old woman in Bibiani Ayeresu, located in the Western North Region of Ghana. Filmograghy She featured in the following movies. Akurasi Burgers 3 True Color Amanumuo Ben Ni Di Masem Mame Di Masem Mame 2 Sika Sei Yonkoo Sika Sei Yonkoo 2 Subrukutu Komfo You necessity Forgive Goldcoast Soldier Eye Mi Hu Sekina Rebecca References Category:Ghanaian film actresses Category:Living people Category:1983 births Category:Ghanaian philanthropists

Ce Mă Fac Cu Tine de Azi?

"Ce Mă Fac Cu Tine de Azi?" (; (What am I supposed to do with you from now on?)) is a single by Romanian singer Smiley featuring Guess Who from the album Confesiune released on April 10, 2017. The song peaked at number one in the Romania Top 20 charts, spending thirteen weeks there. Music video The music video of the song was released alongside the song itself on September 10, 2017, and was directed and produced by Smiley alongside HaHaHa Production staff. The video was shot in a black & white cromatic style on the outskirts of Bucharest. It starts by showing main artist Smiley walking on an empty country road from the middle of a crop field, seemingly pulling something after him. The video then shows that he is in fact pulling one of his doubles by a long strip of cloth with the camera frequently changing the special effect several times in a continuous cycle. The effect ends by showing secondary artist of the song Guess Who continuing the pulldown as he builds the rapping part of the lyrics. Then the video shows Guess Who pulling a girl after him, frequently exhanging his spot with Smiley another several times. Suddenly, the video shows Smiley pulling the empty sheet as both the girl (presumably his loved one) and Guess Who vanish from the scene. He layes the sheet on the ground and stands on it, just to find himself pulled again by his body double. The video ends by showing him again pulling the empty sheet. Song concept The message of the song talks about relationships apparently destroyed, but actually unfinished. Through the lyrics, Smiley explained that "he imagined how nice it would be if we could manage to express unspoken things with the people next to us, because after all, that's the really important thing in life. The quality of our life is the data of the quality of the relationships we have with the people around us". Charts Chart (2017) Peakposition Romanian top 20 1 Personnel Smiley – vocals, production, arrangements Music – Smiley, Florin Boka, Lucian Nagy, Marius Pop, Sergiu Ferat, Șerban Cazan Text – Smiley, Guess Who Video – HaHaHa Video Production (Ionut Trandafir) Additional production – The Donuts - Sergiu Gherman & Tyler Mehlenbacher Release history 2017 Romania: CD (as part of Confesiune) Cat Music 101 2838 2 2017 Romania: CD (as part of Confesiune) HaHaHa Production 101 2838 2 References External links Ce Mă Fac Cu Tine de Azi? on YouTube Ce Mă Fac Cu Tine de Azi? on SoundCloud Ce Mă Fac Cu Tine de Azi? on Spotify MusicBrainz authority control link Category:Smiley (singer) songs Category:2017 songs Category:2017 singles Category:Number-one singles in Romania

A. Arthur Schiller

Abraham Arthur Schiller (September 7, 1902, Oneonta, New York - July 10, 1977) was an American classical scholar. Career Schiller earned his A.B. degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1924, both an M.A. and J.D. there in 1926, and then was awarded a fellowship at Columbia University (1926–1928), which named him an assistant professor in 1928.See Database of Classical Scholars, note 1 above and A.A. Schiller, at 74, Retired Law Expert," note 3 above. In 1929 Schiller traveled to Munich to study Roman law with Max Radin and Coptic legal texts with Wilhelm Spiegelberg, and while there Schiller also participated in a seminar offered by Leopold Wenger.Seidl, note 3 above. Columbia granted Schiller a J.D. in 1932, made him an associate professor in 1937, bestowed a full professorship upon him in 1949, and when Schiller retired in 1971, Columbia named him professor emeritus. Schiller's first major contribution to scholarship was his J.D. thesis on Coptic law.Ten Coptic Legal Texts, (Columbia, 1932). For an extensive bibliography of Schiller's writings, see Database of Classical Scholars, note 1 above. However, he soon displayed the intellectual curiosity and its that characterized his entire career by writing well-regarded work in such disparate fields as Roman law, U.S. military law, Greek papyrology, agency law, and the Adat law of Indonesia, among others. Moreover, towards the end of his career Schiller "became the first American law professor to immerse himself in the study of African law,"Robert Hellawell, "In Memoriam, A. Arthur Schiller, 1903-1977," African Law Studies, vol. 15, p. 3 (1977) and subsequently "virtually originated African law studies in the United States." In furtherance of the field of African legal studies, he created the African Law Digest and founded Columbia's African Law Center.Robert B. Seidman, "In Memoriam, A. Arthur Schiller, 1903-1977," African Law Studies, vol. 15, p. 3 (1977). Due to Schiller's interest and expertise in African law, he was made a United Nations legal counsel for the purpose of writing a constitution for Eritrea,[Columbia] Summer Spectator, Friday, July 15, 1977, p.2, Columbia Spectator Archive, https://spectatorarchive/library.columbia.edu. and he helped train Peace Corps volunteers being assigned to many African nations. Schiller was a member of numerous scholarly organizations, including the Accademia dei Lincei, the Societe Internationale de Droits de L'Antique, and the Riccobono Seminar.A.A. Schiller, at 74, Retired Law Expert," note 1 above. See also "A. Arthur Schiller," German Wikipedia, https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Arthur_Schiller Schiller's high standing in academia also resulted in his being a guest lecture and visiting professor in numerous universities around the world. In addition, Schiller was awarded three Guggenheim Fellowships, two Fulbright grants, a Rockefeller Fellowship, and, finally, shortly before he died, Schiller was granted a year's residence at Princeton University's Institute for Advanced Study. However, despite Schiller's great scholarly success, he "carried his learning easily . . . remain[ing] the most open minded and approachable of scholars," whose "many kindnesses to his colleagues, and his students, and his unqualified empathy for Africans, made it inevitable that he would be deeply loved by all who had contact with him. Schiller died from cancer in at the Fox Memorial Hospital in Oneonta in 1977, at age 74, leaving behind his wife, the former Erna Kaske, and two sons, Donald C. and Dr. Jerome K. Schiller. References Category:1902 births Category:1977 deaths Category:American classical scholars Category:Classical scholars of Columbia University Category:Columbia University faculty Category:Columbia University fellows Category:UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni Category:Fulbright alumni Category:Rockefeller Fellows Category:People from Oneonta, New York

Military Museum of the Armed Forces of El Salvador

The Military Museum of the Armed Forces of El Salvador () is located in San Salvador, El Salvador. The museum is housed inside the former El Zapote barracks () of the Salvadoran Army. The museum is owned by the Ministry of National Defense. History In 1898, the Salvadoran Army selected a hill in San Salvador to begin construction of a metal galley, and later a wooden structure, to house soldiers of the Legion of Freedom. In 1918, the army commissioned architect Borromeo Flores to construct barracks for the soldiers. Sapote trees grew on the hill the barracks were built on, and it was subsequently named "El Zapote". During the barracks' usage by the army, it served as the operational headquarters for the 1st Artillery Regiment and later the Armed Forces Transmission Support Command. On 16 June 1993, the Salvadoran president Alfredo Cristiani and minister of national defense René Emilio Ponce issued Decree Number 65 which transformed the El Zapote barracks into a military museum under the administration of the Ministry of National Defense. The museum opened to the public on 6 September 2002. On 7 January 2003, the remains of Manuel José Arce, a Salvadoran politician who served as the first president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1825 to 1829, were interred at the military museum. Displays The museum has several vehicles, aircraft, and up to 35,000 pieces of military equipment — including uniforms, documents, photographs, paintings, insignia patches, statues, and flags — on display. The popemobile used by Pope John Paul II during his 1996 visit to El Salvador and a 1:25000-scale relief map of El Salvador are also on display at the museum. The Memorial Plaza of National Sovereignty and the Commemorative Monument of the Salvadoran Leaders of Central American Independence are located at the military museum. These objects are displayed across several exhibition rooms covering certain periods of Salvadoran military history. The museum initially opened with twelve display rooms, but this was later reduced to ten and several were renamed. The museum is located at the intersection of 10 Avenida Sur and Calle Alberto Sánchez in the San Jacinto neighborhood of San Salvador. It is located adjacent to the former presidential palace of El Salvador used until 2001. The museum's mission is to "Preserve, Research, and disseminate the historical and cultural heritage of the Armed Forces of El Salvador" ("") The museum is open year-round and admission is free. See also List of museums in El Salvador References External links Archived website Category:1910s establishments in El Salvador Category:2002 establishments in El Salvador Category:Buildings and structures in San Salvador Category:Military and war museums

Siege of Igueriben

The siege of Igueriben was a clash between the Rif tribes of Abd el-Krim and the Spanish army, from 16 to July 21, 1921, in the Spanish base of Igueriben where they were besieged by forces of Abd el-Krim. The clash ended with the victory of Abd el-Krim's forces. wiping out the Spanish contingent. Background During the Rif war, the Spanish general, Manuel Fernández Silvestre, was operating on the eastern zone of the Spanish colony in Rif. The region was dominated by the Rif mountains and their tribes, proving a serious obstacle to Silvestre's forces. On January 21, 1921, the Spanish took Annual as their base. Not all Riffian tribes submitted to the Spanish rule. Abd el-Krim and his brother determined to stop the colonization process.José E. Álvarez, p. 42 In late May, the Riffian forces assaulted the base of Abarrán, which they captured. A minor defeats would soon follow up with the debacle at Annual.José E. Álvarez, p. 42 Siege left|thumb|230px|Monument to Commander Benitez and the Heroes of Igueriben The next Spanish base was attacked at Igueriben on July 16. Located three miles from Annual where it was quickly surrounded and cut off from Annual.José E. Álvarez, p. 42 The commander of the base was Major Julio Benitez. The defenses were weak and incomplete, but the Major refused to surrender, preferring to die instead. Messages were dispatched from General Navarro, second-in-command to Silvestre, encouraging the garrison fight. His men fought valiantly, but their water supplies were three miles away from Annual. As the battle raged on, and the heat striking the troops, they were forced to drink juice from used pimiento and tomato tins, then vinegar, cologne, and ink, and finally even urine with sugar in it. At Annual, they dispatched a relief column which they got close to the base where were seen by the garrison. However, the only access to the base was through a deep gorge heavily defended by the Riffians. They were repelled by machine guns and heavy artillery,David S. Woolman, p. 90José E. Álvarez, p. 44 and the relief column retreated after suffering 152 killed.David S. Woolman, p. 90 Igueriben was captured on the end, and Benitez was killed alongside the majority of his men.David S. Woolman, p. 90 Only 25 men out of 300 survived whom they later reached the base at Annual.Juan Carlos Lopez Sanz, p. 62David S. Woolman, p. 90 References Sources José E. Álvarez (2001), The Betrothed of Death, The Spanish Foreign Legion During the Rif Rebellion, 1920–1927. Juan Carlos Lopez Sanz (2017), 1921 Lágrimas en los ojos del Rif. David S. Woolman (1968), Rebels in the Rif: Abd El Krim and the Rif Rebellion. Category:Battles involving Morocco Category:Battles involving Spain Category:Guerrilla warfare Category:Rebellions against the Spanish Empire Category:Rif War Category:Conflicts in 1921 Category:1921 in Morocco Category:1921 in Spain

Carolina Jabor

Carolina Jabor (born 1 March 1975) is a Brazilian director and producer. Biography The daughter of screenwriter and journalist Arnaldo Jabor, Carolina has been a partner of Conspiração since 2000. In 2008, as co-director with , they released the documentary O Mistério do Samba about the Old Guard of Portela, was selected for Cannes Film Festival and was selected for the Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro for best documentary.​ She released her first feature film, Boa Sorte, in 2014, and starred Deborah Secco and João Pedro Zappa. She released her second film, Aos Teus Olhos in 2018. Well received by critics, the film was screened at various national and international festivals, being chosen by the jury as the best fiction film at the 41st edition of the São Paulo International Film Festival and was awarded with four Troféus awards at the Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival. ​The movie was also screened at the 2018 Vancouver International Film Festival."The Vancouver International Film Festival has officially kicked off". Daily Hive, September 27, 2018. In regards to TV productions, Jabor has directed some episodes of Magnífica 70 (HBO), about the universe of the Boca do Lixo neighborhood during the Brazilian military dictatorship. She also produced and directed episodes of the series A Mulher Invisível (Globo), a winner of an International Emmy in the comedic series category.​ In 2018, Jabor was the artistic director of Desnude, the first series for TV on the platform Hysteria, whose management is made up of women that came from Conspiração. Jabor has been married to fellow director and filmmaker Guel Arraes since 2003. Filmography +YearTitleCredited asFilm typeDirectorScreenwriterProducer2008O Mistério do SambaDocumentary2014Boa SorteFeature film2018Aos Teus Olhos2021L.O.C.A.2022Transe References Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:People from Rio de Janeiro (city) Category:Brazilian people of Portuguese descent Category:Brazilian people of German descent Category:Brazilian people of Lebanese-Jewish descent Category:Arraes family Category:Brazilian women film producers Category:Brazilian women television producers Category:Brazilian women film directors Category:Brazilian film producers Category:20th-century Brazilian women Category:21st-century Brazilian women

1931 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships

The 1931 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States. The men's edition was held at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York, and it took place February 25. The women's meet was held separately at the Newark Armory in Newark, New Jersey, taking place March 14. At the women's championships, Stella Walsh retained her 220 yards title, winning by six yards over Catherine Capp. Medal summary Men 60 yards Ira Singer 6.5 300 yards Bill Carr 32.4 600 yards 1:12.6 1000 yards Ray Conger 2:14.1 2 miles Leo Lermond 9:11.8 70 yards hurdles Percy Beard 8.5 2 miles steeplechase Hans Assert 10:16.2 High jump Anton Burg 1.98 m Standing high jump Harold Osborn Pole vault Fred Sturdy 4.24 m Standing long jump William Werner 3.30 m Shot put Leo Sexton 14.91 m 1 mile walk William Carlson 6:47.8 Women 40 yards Mary Carew 5.2 220 yards 27.2 Catherine Capp 50 yards hurdles Evelyne Hall 7.6 High jump Jean Shiley 1.60 m Standing long jump Katherine Mearls 2.50 m Shot put Margaret "Rena" MacDonald 11.43 m Basketball throw Carolyn Dieckman References Results Notes 1931 Category:February 1931 sports events Category:March 1931 sports events USA Indoor Track and Field Championships Category:Sports competitions in New York City Category:Sports competitions in Newark, New Jersey USA Indoor Track and Field Championships USA Indoor Track and Field Championships Category:Track and field in New York City Category:Track and field in New Jersey Category:Events at Madison Square Garden

Sarah Wise

Sarah Wise (born ca. 1966) is an English journalist, academic guest lecturer, tutor, and author of books on 19th-century social history for the general reader. In 1984 Sarah Wise matriculated at the University of Southampton, where she graduated in 1988 with a B.A. in English literature. She was from January to June 1985 an exchange student with Rutgers University in New Jersey, thus giving her an excellent opportunity at the age of 19 to explore New York City. After graduating from the University of Southampton, she became a journalist, working in production for the magazine Marie Claire, which launched its UK print edition in 1988. After becoming Marie Claire'''s chief sub-editor and production editor, she resigned to pursue a career as a freelance journalist with a focus on the arts. She wrote articles for The Guardian, The Independent on Sunday, The Observer Magazine, and The Times, as well as other newspapers and magazines. While working as a freelance journalist, she attended evening classes as part of a joint honours course offered by the English and history departments of Birkbeck College, University of London. The course was for an M.A. in Victorian Studies. While researching her essays for the M.A., she became familiar with the historical incidents that became the basis for her first two books. She completed her M.A. degree in 1996. At the age of 23, Sarah Wise began her career as a freelance journalist, living in London. Throughout her career she has written with a strong focus on the reader, or readership, that she keeps in her mind. Her idea of the reader in her audience arises from her thinking about someone, perhaps a close friend, who is "intelligent, open-minded, curious, but without any specialised knowledge." In 2004, her first book The Italian Boy: Murder and Grave-Robbery in 1830s London was published by Jonathan Cape. The book won the 2004 Gold Dagger for Non-Fiction of the Crime Writers’ Association and was shortlisted for the 2005 Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-Fiction. The 2004 book was the inspiration for The Frankenstein Chronicles, aired on ITV Encore in November 2005. Her second book The Blackest Streets: The Life and Death of a Victorian Slum (2008, The Bodley Head) was shortlisted for the Ondaatje Prize of the Royal Society of Literature. Wise's second book was part of the historical basis for the television series Victorian Slum House, aired by the BBC in May 2017. Her third book Inconvenient People: Lunacy, Liberty and the Mad-Doctors in Victorian England (2012, The Bodley Head) was shortlisted for the 2014 Wellcome Book Prize of the Wellcome Trust. Her fourth book The Undesirables: The Law that Locked Away a Generation was published in early 2024. She contributed a chapter to the best-selling book Charles Booth's London Poverty Maps'', edited by Mary S. Morgan. Wise was a guest on Radio 4's In Our Time to talk about Charles Booth's work related to poverty and social reform in London. She has also appeared on the BBC's television series ‘'Who Do You Think You Are?’' as a history expert. Her interests include the working classes in Victorian England, London in fictional literature from the early 1800s, the slum fiction of the late 1800s, 19th-century mental health history, and Victorian literature's portrayals of altered mental states. Sarah Wise teaches writing techniques and 19th-century social history and related literature to both undergraduates and older adult learners. She is a visiting professor in the University of California English for Academic Purposes (UCEAP) program of the London Study Center. At City University of London, when she teaches literary criticism on the Creative Writing Non-Fiction Masters, she emphasises to her students two main rules: "never bore your reader; and don’t confuse your reader". Books catalogue entry at Simon & Schuster website Refernces External links Category:Living people Category:Alumni of the University of Southampton Category:Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London Category:English women journalists Category:British social historians Category:20th-century English non-fiction writers Category:21st-century English non-fiction writers Category:20th-century English women writers Category:21st-century English women writers

Fiona Howard

Fiona Howard (born December 14, 1998) is a British-American para equestrian. She competes in Grade II para dressage. Howard is representing the United States at the 2024 Summer Paralympics. Early life and education Howard was born to an American mother and British father in England, and was raised in London. Starting when she was 11 and continuing into her teenage years, she faced a number of health problems. Issues with her bones inhibited walking. Her digestive system was impacted by bouts of scarlet fever and Lyme disease, resulting in the permanent use of a feeding tube. Howard immigrated to the United States in 2016 while pursuing medical treatment at Boston Children's Hospital. She entered Northeastern University in 2017, and graduated in 2021 with a degree in psychology. Career Howard began riding at age three, joining Pony Club age age four. As a child, she competed in reining. At age 14, Howard represented Great Britain at the 2013 FEI European Reining Championships for Juniors and Young Riders. She returned to the competition in 2016. Following time away from the sport due to health issues, Howard resumed riding in college. She began competing in para dressage in 2021. In 2022 she competed as a Grade II para dressage athlete at the FEI Perrigo CPEDI3* at the Tryon Summer Dressage. In 2023 she and her horse, Jagger, came second in the Grade II event at the Adequan Global Dressage Festival Week 3 CPEDI3*. Howard was named to the United States Paralympic equestrian team in July 2024. At the 2024 Summer Paralympics Howard won gold in the individual championship test grade II, the individual freestyle test grade II, and the team event with mount Diamond Dunes, whom she has worked with since early 2024. Since 2022 she has trained in Wellington, Florida with fellow para equestrian Kate Shoemaker. She also trains in Germany in the spring and summer. Personal life Howard lives in Boston, Massachusetts. Outside of riding, she works remotely at Boston Children's Hospital as a clinical cardiac research assistant. She was diagnosed with dystonia at age 19, and uses both crutches and wheelchair. She has a service dog named Elvis. References Category:Living people Category:1998 births Category:21st-century British sportswomen Category:21st-century American sportswomen Category:British expatriates in the United States Category:Equestrians at the 2024 Summer Paralympics Category:Medalists at the 2024 Summer Paralympics Category:Paralympic equestrians for the United States Category:Paralympic gold medalists for the United States Category:Paralympic medalists in equestrian Category:Northeastern University alumni Category:People with dystonia Category:Sportspeople from Boston Category:Sportspeople from London Category:Wheelchair users

Freshwater aquarium algae

thumb|250px|Various examples of aquatic hitchhiking algae that may be found in freshwater aquaria There are many types of algae that are commonly found in a freshwater aquarium setting. They are typically considered a nuisance and subject to removal through the use of algicides, the release of algae eaters, and implementation of algae scrubbers. However, total elimination of algae is considered unlikely in a hobby aquarium. Algae can be used as an bioindicator to inform an aquarist on water chemistry and other conditions. Algae may be unintentionally disseminated through spores and fragments that hitchhike on ornamental fish and plants purchased from aquarium suppliers. Few algae, such as marimo or red moss, are sought after for aquascaping in freshwater aquaria. Green algae thumb|Green water algae infestation Green algae respond strongly to bright light conditions as well as unbalanced carbon dioxide and nutrient levels in the water of freshwater aquaria. Green spot algae (GSA), most likely of the genus Coleochaete, is a spot-forming algae that slowly covers glass, aquarium furniture, and plants. It adheres strongly and is considered difficult to remove. It may be a symptom of low phosphate and carbon dioxide levels in the water. However, GSA is typically a sign of a healthy aquarium and is usually present in some capacity. Green dust algae (GDA) is similar to GSA, however it adheres less aggressively and may be easily wiped off of the glass and substrate on which it settles. The algae is motile and can actively move in the water. The species is not known, though it is hypothesized to belong to the genus Chlamydomonas. Infestations may occur after nitrogen spikes in the water. It is often seen in newly established aquaria and can also be a symptom of low carbon dioxide and nutrient levels in the water. Green water is an algae infestation that is suspended in aquarium water. It does not settle on surfaces. They are typically of the genera Chlorella, Ankistrodesmus, and Scenedesmus. It is a very common infestation to have in newly established aquaria, but may also occur after temperature swings or nutrient imbalances. Once established, altering the water chemistry will not remove the algae. Fishless cycling is considered the best solution. Green filamentous algae thumb|"Moss" balls are one of the few desired algae species in freshwater aquaria There are several species of green algae that grow long, thread-like appendages. There is much overlap in the common names of these infestations, and positive identifications are typically difficult to ascertain. Green thread algae comprise algae species that produce spindly filaments. It does not adhere to substrates, tending to instead grow in floating, bushy tufts. The filaments have a tendency to wrap around plants and aquarium furniture. It is a favorite of algivores such as Amano shrimp. There are several species which are referred to as green thread algae. This includes those of the genus Rhizoclonium which form pale-green to brown strands, those of the genus Spirogyra which form long green strands, and those of the genus Oedogonium which form short green strands. However, there may be thousands of species of algae with this growth form, and an identification is rarely certain. Green thread algae is common in newly established aquaria and is easily outcompeted by installed plants. Hair algae is very similar to green thread algae. Typically, hair algae grows in a carpet of dense, short filaments. Oedogonium in particular may be referred to as hair algae. Hair algae may be caused by too much light in the aquaria. Oedogonium may also be called fuzz algae and green beard algae (GBA). Reticulated algae or branching algae is a green algae of the genus Cladophora. It may form dense tufts of branching green strands. It spreads in the hobby aquaria trade through fragments disseminated on contaminated aquarium plants. It is very difficult to remove once established, and algivores do not prefer it. Algicides are the most effective solution. It may grow in association with marimo, an algal ball which is intentionally cultivated in hobby aquaria. Cladophora may also be referred to as "blanket weed". Red algae thumb|Black beard algae growing amongst installed plants in a freshwater aquarium Red algae of the Rhodophyceae are common in a freshwater aquarium setting. Despite the name, red algae species usually present as a grayish color. Zhan et al. (2020), using DNA barcoding, found 13 different operational taxonomic units of red algae growing within freshwater aquarium stores in Taiwan. Staghorn algae of the genus Compsopogon may exist on aquarium substrates and can be epiphytic on slow-growing plants. It can form branched, whitish-green strands up to six inches in length. It grows quickly and may be a symptom of high nitrates or high iron. Black beard algae or black brush algae (referred to as BBA) belong to the genera Audouinella and Rhodochorton. It grows in the same habit as staghorn algae. BBA, however, tends to grow in dense patches of fine strands. It may be a symptom of high levels of nitrates, phosphates, or iron. It is considered one of the more difficult species to remove, and the plants may uptake calcium from hard water which makes them unpalatable to algivores. BBA may occur in both saltwater and freshwater aquaria. Red spot algae may form a tenacious reddish-brown splotch or film on aquarium glass or plant leaves. It grows quickly and may be a symptom of high nitrates or iron. These encrusting red algae may be referred to as a member of the genus Hildenbrandia. It is not especially common. Species in the genus Caloglossa, specifically C. beccarii and C. fluviatilis, are available from commercial aquarium dealers. Caloglossa cf. beccarii in particular is one of the few species of algae that is deliberately planted in freshwater aquaria. The species has been in the European aquarium trade since the 1990s. Blue-green algae thumb|Blue green algae growing on the substrate of a fresh water aquarium Although colloquially called algae, blue-green algae (BGA) is a type of cyanobacteria. It can present with several different colors. While there are many BGA species, the most common type found in aquaria is referred to as "slime algae". Infestations may attach to aquarium glass and substrates. It may commonly be of the genus Oscillatoria. Species from the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, and Microcystis may also be found in aquaria. BGA infestations may be caused by stagnant water and high water temperatures, as well as high levels of phosphates combined with low levels of oxygen in the water. Brown algae In aquaria, brown algae refers to diatom infestations. True brown algae of the class Phaeophyceae are not known nuisance plants of freshwater aquaria. Diatoms can coat every surface in an aquarium. Diatom infestations are ubiquitous in hobby aquaria, and eradication is not usually worth the effort. It has two growth forms - it may create either a slick brown surface or form small brown filaments. It thrives on excess ammonia or silicates. See also Algaculture Culture of microalgae in hatcheries List of freshwater aquarium plant species List of marine aquarium plant species § Nuisance algae Notes References Category:Freshwater algae Category:Aquarium plants Category:Fishkeeping

Por Mi México

"Por Mi México" () is a song by Mexican rappers Lefty SM featuring Santa Fe Klan. It was released on 19 June 2020, through Alzada Corp., as part of their collaborative album Necesidad (2020). A remix version of the song, which features fellow rappers Dharius, C-Kan, MC Davo and Neto Peña, was released on 25 August 2023. A Latin hip hop song, in which it is a message of national pride, it attained virality in 2022, with a further increase in streams on the remix version after Lefty SM's death. It peaked at numbers 29 and 16 on the US Hot Latin Songs and Mexico Songs charts, respectively. Background and release Lefty SM released his collaborative album with Santa Fe Klan titled Necesidad in 2020. While working on the album, both rappers thought it was missing one more track, with the former eventually adding "Por Mi México" while removing his second verse from it for the latter. It later attained virality through TikTok, while its visualizer also attained over 100 million views on YouTube. The former recalled that the song did not have an official video, with both rappers deciding to instead release a remix version of the song, which contains additional verses from Dharius, C-Kan, MC Davo and Neto Peña, along with its accompanying music video. It was eventually released as a single on 25 August 2023. Music and lyrics Referred to as the "second national anthem of Mexico", "Por Mi México" is a Latin hip hop song. With the lyric "soy mexicano esa es mi bandera, la levanto donde quiera, verde, blanca, roja hasta morir" (, the song is a message of national pride, urging a person to stay connected to their home country. Reception and legacy Days after the song's remix was released, Lefty SM was shot dead at the age of 31. After his death, the remix version of "Por Mi México" debuted at number 44 on the US Hot Latin Songs chart with 1.4 million streams, on the issue dated 16 September 2023, becoming his first song to enter a Billboard chart. It reached a peak of number 29 on the chart, on the issue dated 30 September 2023. It also reached a peak of number 16 on the Mexico Songs chart, while the original version received a quadruple-platinum certification by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas for selling 240,000 certified units in Mexico. Charts + Chart performance for "Por Mi México" (remix) Chart (2023) Peakposition Mexico (Billboard) 16 Certifications References Category:2020 songs Category:2023 songs Category:2023 singles Category:Songs in Spanish Category:Songs about Mexico Category:Latin hip hop songs

Jemmapes-class ironclad

The Jemmapes class was a group of two coastal-defense ships built for the French Navy in the early 1890s. The class comprised and and were an improved version of the preceding , built for a higher speed with more modern Belleville boilers. They were armed with two turret-mounted guns and were protected by armor up to thick. Launched in 1892, the ships served with the Northern Squadron () of the French Navy. They operated along with the similar and as the Coastal Defence Division, being considered together "the most homogenous and dangerous squadron that one could meet at sea" by Vice Admiral Armand Bernard. They were struck in 1910 and, although Jemmapes had a brief respite as a hulk, they were both subsequently sold to be broken up. Design and development thumb|left|alt=Cutaway of the Jemmapes class from Brassey's Naval Annual|Plan view of the Jemmapes class In the early 1880s, the doctrine became popular in French naval circles. Key to this was the replacement of the battleship broadside with smaller vessels armed with torpedoes, such as smaller cruisers and torpedo boats, to defend France and attack enemy merchant shipping. To support these smaller vessels, a lesser number of powerful coastal defense ships were planned. On 15 November 1888, the naval architect Louis de Bussy sent a note to the Ministry of the Navy () Jules François Émile Krantz on the newly-completed coastal defense ship . Krantz responded immediately with a request for a ship derived from Furieux but with more modern Belleville boilers to give a higher speed of . De Bussy submitted his design on 14 February 1889. The design proposal was accepted by the Board of Construction () on 26 February as meeting the criteria required, finalised on 2 July and approved on 6 July. The ships of the Jemmapes class were longer than the Furieux with a overall length of , at the waterline and between perpendiculars, but had a smaller beam of at the waterline and a smaller mean draught of at deep load. The vessels had a design displacement of , which increased to in service. The complement numbered 299 sailors of all ranks. The vessels were powered by two triple-expansion steam engines provided by St Denis that each drove one propeller shaft. Steam was provided by 16 coal-burning Lagrafel and d'Allest Belleville boilers. The power plant was rated at at 108 rpm and a pressure of at the boilers and at the engines. While undertaking sea trials, Jemmapes reached a speed of from and Valmy reached from . In service, speed was restricted as a bow wave was created at which, by became impossible to push forward, meaning this became the de facto maximum speed. The ships carried of coal, which gave a range of at a cruising speed of . The maximum load of coal was . Once in service, a range of at was claimed. Armament and armor Jemmapes and Valmy were armed with a main battery of two Canon de Modèle 1887 guns in a two single-gun turrets, one forward of the superstructure and the other aft. The guns were manually-loaded and fired one round every five minutes, but this was sped up between 1900 and 1902 with new equipment. Secondary armament was provided by four 45-calibre M1891 QF guns mounted at the corners of the shelter deck. Defence from torpedo boats was provided by six Canon de Modèle 1885 Hotchkiss guns and eight Hotchkiss revolving cannons. The ships had a full-length waterline armor belt that tapered from the maximum thickness of amidships to aft and forward. The belt was high amidships. The armor was hammered steel on the port side and compound armor on the starboard. The turrets were protected by thick compound armor that was mounted on fixed bases thick while the gun shields for the secondary armament was provided by hammered steel armor thick. The main deck was protected by thick iron plates. The laminated steel plates protecting the conning tower measured in thickness. The armor was split between Schneider, who provided the steel, and Saint-Chamond, who provided the compound armor, except for the turret, which was completely supplied by the latter firm. Modifications During their lives, the ships had their armament modified. In 1906, the torpedo tubes were removed and by the following year six of the 37-mm Hotchkiss revolver cannons had been replaced by four additional 47-mm guns. Construction and career + Construction data Name Shipyard Laid down Launched Commissioned Cost , Saint-Nazaire and Saint-Denis 26 December 1889 27 April 1892 4 March 1895 £525,000 , Saint-Nazaire and Saint Denis 1889 6 October 1892 14 August 1895 £578,957 Jemmapes and Valmy were commissioned into the Northern Squadron () of the French Navy on 4 March and 14 August 1894 respectively, forming a small but formidable force within the French Navy. They were considered more than equal to their smaller German contemporaries, the and . On 12 March 1895, as part of the naval budget debate, Vice Admiral Armand Bernard declared that the two ships of the class, alongside the related ironclads and , were "the most homogenous and dangerous squadron that one could meet at sea". The ships' service lives were largely uneventful. Between 1 and 23 July 1895 and 6 to 26 July 1896, they took part in large naval exercises in the Atlantic Ocean alongside local defense forces in Brest, Cherbourg, Lorient and Rochefort. At the end of the century, the vessels were part of the Coastal Defence Division alongside Amiral-Tréhouart and Bouvines. Meanwhile, French naval doctrine was changing and the focus on coastal defense was being replaced by one of larger sea-going warships. The size of ships was also increasing, and newer, more capable battleships entered service. Jemmapes was transferred to reserve in 1902, Valmy following in 1903. Valmy was the first to be struck, on 1 July 1910, Jemmapes following on 3 August. Valmy was put up for sale on 20 July 1911 and broken up. Jemmapes spent some time as a hulk before she being broken up on 5 November 1927. Notes References Category:Coastal defense ship classes Jemmapes-class ironclads Category:Ships built in France Category:Ship classes of the French Navy