Frozen Food Fears: 4 Things To Know About The Listeria Recall
Frozen vegetables are a staple in many diets, so a huge recall of them has us peering at the packages in our freezers.
On Tuesday evening, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced an outbreak of the deadlyListeria monocytogenes bacteria — and frozen vegetables and fruits are believed to be the cause.
More than 350 products like green beans, broccoli, peas and blueberries sold under 42 brands at grocers including Safeway, Costco and Trader Joe's in the U.S. and Canada have now been recalled.
Here are four things to know about listeria and this massive recall:
Listeria is deadly.
Although much less common than other foodborne pathogens like salmonella or E. coli, listeria is the most lethal.
Most healthy immune systems can keep an infection at bay, but if the bug makes it into the bloodstream, it causes listeriosis and kills 1 in 5 victims.
Older adults, pregnant women, newborns and those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of infection. People 65 and older are four times more likely to get sick from listeria than the general population, and pregnant women — who may not develop listeriosis themselves but whose babies could be threatened — are 10 times more likely.
So far, the CDC knows of eight people who have been sickened — six in California and one each in Washington and Maryland. The Washington and Maryland patients died, but listeria was not considered the ultimate cause of death. The patients were between 56 and 86 years old.
New tracking tools led to this recall.
The outbreak making headlines today began in 2013 with one illness, followed by five more in 2015 and two in 2016. It may seem as if this outbreak is unfolding in slow motion, but that is because the CDC has a new tool to track the bacteria's spread: the sequenced genome of listeria.
While investigating a small cluster of 2016 illnesses, the CDC searched its database of previously sequenced listeria genomes and found matches from bacteria that had sickened people in previous years.
The CDC's venture into whole-genome sequencing has allowed the agency to identify more listeria outbreaks, especially more that span longer periods of time. Last year, the CDC announced two outbreaks that began in 2010.
Listeria gets around — and stays around.
The CDC said that frozen vegetables produced by CRF Frozen Foods in Pasco, Wash., are the "likely source" of the illnesses.
Michael Doyle, professor of food microbiology at the University of Georgia and director of the school's Center for Food Safety, says he thinks that "resident" listeria caused the outbreak. Rather than "transient" bacteria that contaminate a food and move through a processing system with it, resident bacteria establish themselves somewhere in the processing plant and persist over several years.
"The organism is quite hardy," he says.
Listeria has been known to plague ready-to-eat deli meats and soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk, but it's popped up in surprising foods in recent years.
Last year, Blue Bell Creameries recalled all of its ice cream products after 10 people were sickened with listeria. One reason listeria differs from other pathogens is that it can grow in cold temperatures.
In 2014, 35 people were sickened by caramel apples and officials determined that listeriosis contributed to at least three of the seven deaths reported.
And cantaloupe was behind the largest listeria outbreak in U.S. history, which sickened 147 people in 2011 and killed 33.
It's time for a freezer check.
CRF has recalled all organic and traditionally grown frozen vegetable and fruit products processed at its Pasco facility since May 2014, and it suspended operations there last week.
Check the UPC codes and "best by" dates on the vegetable packages in your freezer against the FDA's list. If they match, you can return the recalled food to the store for a refund or simply discard it.
Either way, don't eat the recalled foods. Listeria can be killed with proper cooking, but unless you're going to use a thermometer to make sure the foods reach 165 degrees F, it's best not to risk it.
If you did eat them and have symptoms such as fever, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance and convulsions, seek medical care. Sometimes listeriosis symptoms develop up to two months after eating contaminated food, but they usually start within several days.
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eagla ar bhia reoite: 4 rud le fios faoi aisghairm Listeria
Tá glasraí reoite ina bpríomh-aiste i go leor aiste bia, mar sin tá athghairm ollmhór orthu ag déanamh dúinn breathnú ar na pacáistí inár reoiteoirí.
Ar tráthnóna Dé Máirt, d'fhógair Ionad na Stát Aontaithe um Rialú agus Cosc ar Ghalair gur tharla ráig de bhaictéir mharbhúla Listeria monocytogenes  agus creidtear gur glasraí agus torthaí reoite an chúis.
Tá níos mó ná 350 táirge cosúil le pónairí glasa, bróicli, pianta agus blueberries a dhíoltar faoi 42 branda ag grósaeraí lena n-áirítear Safeway, Costco agus Trader Joe's sna Stáit Aontaithe agus i gCeanada tar éis a bheith á dtabhairt ar ais.
Seo ceithre rud le fios faoi Listeria agus an t-athghairm ollmhór seo:
Tá Listeria marbhtach.
Cé go bhfuil sé i bhfad níos lú coitianta ná paiteogainí eile a dtarraingítear ó bhia mar salmonella nó E. coli, is é listeria an ceann is marbhtach.
Is féidir leis an gcuid is mó de na córais imdhíonachta sláintiúla ionfhabhtú a choinneáil ar shiúl, ach má théann an bac isteach sa sruth fola, cuireann sé listeriosis ar bun agus mar sin, maraíonn sé 1 as gach 5 íospartach.
Tá daoine fásta níos sine, mná torracha, leanaí nuabheirthe agus daoine a bhfuil córais imdhíonachta lag acu i mbaol níos airde ionfhabhtaithe. Tá daoine 65 bliain d'aois agus níos sine ceithre huaire níos mó seans ann go bhfaighidh siad tinn ó listeria ná an daonra i gcoitinne, agus tá mná torracha  nach bhféadfadh listeriosis a fhorbairt iad féin ach a bhféadfadh a leanaí a bheith i mbaol  10 huaire níos mó seans ann.
Go dtí seo, tá a fhios ag an CDC go bhfuil ochtar daoine tinn - sé i California agus duine amháin i Washington agus Maryland. Fuair othair Washington agus Maryland bás, ach níor mheasadh go raibh listeria mar chúis deiridh báis. Bhí na hothair idir 56 agus 86 bliain d'aois.
Mar thoradh ar uirlisí rianaithe nua, d'fhág an t-athghairm seo.
Thosaigh an ráig a rinne ceannlínte inniu in 2013 le galar amháin, agus lean cúig cinn eile in 2015 agus beirt in 2016. D'fhéadfadh sé go mbeadh an chuma air go bhfuil an ráig seo ag tarlú go mall, ach is é sin toisc go bhfuil uirlis nua ag an CDC chun scaipeadh na baictéire a rianú: géinm seicheanta na listeria.
Agus grúpa beag galair 2016 á fhiosrú aige, rinne an CDC cuardach ar a bhunachar sonraí de ghineamóga listeria a bhí seicheanta roimhe seo agus fuair sé comhoiriúnacht ó bhaictéir a bhí tinn ag daoine sna blianta roimhe sin.
Thug an t-iarracht atá déanta ag an CDC i dtaca le seicheamh géinime iomlán deis don ghníomhaireacht níos mó ráigí listeria a shainaithint, go háirithe níos mó a shíneann tréimhsí níos faide. An bhliain seo caite, d'fhógair an CDC dhá ráig a thosaigh in 2010.
Téann Listeria timpeall  agus fanann sé timpeall.
Dúirt an CDC go bhfuil glasraí reoite a tháirgtear ag CRF Frozen Foods i Pasco, Washington, mar "fhoinse dóchúil" na ngalar.
Deir Michael Doyle, ollamh micreabhiolaíochta bia in Ollscoil Georgia agus stiúrthóir Ionad Sábháilteachta Bia na scoile, go gceapann sé gur listeria "áitritheoir" a bhí i gceist leis an ráig. In ionad baictéir "tranzúil" a dhéanann truailliú ar bhia agus a théann tríd an gcóras próiseála leis, socraíonn baictéir chónaitheacha iad féin áit éigin sa phlanda próiseála agus maireann siad ar feadh roinnt blianta.
"Tá an t-orgán go leor diana", a deir sé.
Tá a fhios go bhfuil Listeria ag cur báis ar fheoil deli atá réidh le hithe agus ar chíosaí bog a dhéantar le bainne neamh-pasteurized, ach tá sé tar éis teacht ar a chéile i mbianna iontas le blianta beaga anuas.
An bhliain seo caite, d'athghairm Blue Bell Creameries a chuid táirgí oighir uile tar éis do 10 duine a bheith tinn le listeria. Is é ceann de na cúiseanna a bhfuil an listeria difriúil ó phaitogéin eile ná gur féidir leis fás i teochtaí fuar.
In 2014, d'éirigh 35 duine tinn as úlla caramel agus chinn oifigigh go raibh listeriosis rannpháirteach i dtrí cinn de na seacht mbás a tuairiscíodh.
Agus bhí cantaloupe taobh thiar den ráig listeria is mó i stair na Stát Aontaithe, a rinne 147 duine tinn in 2011 agus a maraíodh 33.
Tá sé in am chun seiceáil reoite.
Tá CRF tar éis na táirgí glasraí agus torthaí orgánacha agus traidisiúnta a phróiseáil ina saoráid Pasco ó mhí na Bealtaine 2014 a aisghairm agus chuir sé oibríochtaí ar fionraí ansin an tseachtain seo caite.
Seiceáil na cóid UPC agus na dátaí "is fearr" ar na pacáistí glasraí i do reoiteoir i gcomparáid le liosta an FDA. Má chomhlíonann siad, is féidir leat an bia a chuirtear ar ais a thabhairt ar ais chuig an siopa le haghaidh aisíocaíochta nó é a dhiúscairt.
Ar aon nós, ná ithe na bianna a athchuaigh. Is féidir Listeria a mharú le cócaireacht ceart, ach mura bhfuil tú ag dul a úsáid teirmeiméadar a chinntiú go bhfuil na bianna a bhaint 165 céim F, is fearr gan a riosca.
Má d'ith tú iad agus má tá comharthaí agat mar fiabhras, stiff neck, mearbhall, caillteanas cothromaíochta agus convulsions, féach le cúram leighis. Uaireanta bíonn comharthaí listeriosis ag teacht chun cinn suas le dhá mhí tar éis bia truaillithe a ithe, ach is gnách go dtosaíonn siad laistigh de chúpla lá.
Is clár neamhspleách ó thaobh eagarthóireachta de de chuid na BBC.
Copyright 2021 Kaiser Health News. Chun níos mó a fheiceáil, tabhair cuairt.


The site of the New Zealand Marine Studies Centre at Portobello is an historic one. A Fish Hatchery and Marine Investigation Station was established in 1904, the first in Australasia. The Hatchery’s main role was to help establish European fish species such as lobster, edible crab, turbot and herring in New Zealand waters. None of the introduced species survived their release into our coastal waters. However, research conducted over the last hundred years at Portobello has made an important contribution to our understanding of the southern New Zealand marine environment.
The University of Otago purchased the site in 1951 and constructed a research aquarium and teaching laboratory on the site of the old Hatchery building. A larger research laboratory was built in 1987. The New Zealand Marine Studies Centre was established in 1990 and their current building was opened in 1996.
The Portobello Aquarium was New Zealand's first public marine aquarium. Modelled after the one at Plymouth's Marine Biological Association, it was considered "state of the art" at the time it was built. It was upgraded in 1987 and in 1996. Displays focused on Southern New Zealand marine life. At first only open at weekends and holidays, the Aquarium went on to become a major local tourist attraction, open to the public 7 days a week.
Sadly, due to the old building being classified as a potential risk following the Christchurch earthquakes in 2011, the Aquarium closed to the public in 2012. Tanks and animals have been moved to the newer buildings on the Portobello site to support teaching and research activities, and New Zealand Marine Studies Centre remains open for pre-booked educational programmes and tours.
New Zealand Marine Studies Centre
The Centre is the public face of Marine Science and a window on marine research at the University of Otago. Since its inception thousands of people of all ages have visited the Centre and participated in education programmes, presentations and events.
Popular events have included shark dissections, edible seaweed workshops and evening tours of the aquarium (when still open).
Schools from around Southern New Zealand participate in our education programmes which vary from 1.5 hours to several days in duration.
The NZ Marine Studies Centre has produced many educational resources - from games and teacher guides to a whole series of shore guides and supporting materials.
The resources are free for you to use for educational purposes.
Marine Metre Squared (Mm2)
The NZ Marine Studies Centre encourages everyone to participate in long term monitoring of their marine environment.
Mm2 is a citizen science project developed in 2013 for this purpose. Anyone can take part – individuals, families, schools and community groups.
It is an easy way for anyone to survey the plants and animals living on their local seashore.
Resources have been developed to help you carry out these surveys. Watch videos, download instructions and free resources. If you discover something unusual or anything you cannot identify, you can use our blog to upload photos and ask questions which will be answered by scientists.
Southern Seas: Discovering Marine Life at 46° South is a book exploring Southern marine life and telling the story of the Portobello Marine Laboratory and the New Zealand Marine Studies Centre.
New Zealand boasts wave-lashed coasts and ocean beaches, sheltered inlets and the grandeur of Fiordland. Its marine life is equally varied. Best known are the large seabirds and marine mammals - albatrosses, fur seals and sea lions – icons of southern ecotourism. As top predators, they depend on the underlying productivity of the region’s marine food web.
At the Portobello Marine Laboratory on the Otago Harbour scientists study the life, behaviour and biology of marine creatures and the environment they live in. Through the New Zealand Marine Studies Centre the public learn about them. This colourful and accessible book explores the environment and the story of both institutions.
The authors are all associated with the Department of Marine Science of the University of Otago.
Discovering Marine Life at 46° South
by Keith Probert, John Jillett, Sally Carson Colour illustrations throughout.
64pp, ISBN 1-877276-96-0
If you are interested in purchasing a copy, contact firstname.lastname@example.org

Tá suíomh Ionad Staidéar Mara na Nua-Shéalainne i Portobello ina shuíomh stairiúil. Bunaíodh Stáisiún um Imscrúdú Mara agus Éisc i 1904, an chéad cheann in Astráil. Ba é príomh-roil an Chraobhchláir ná cabhrú le speicis éisc Eorpacha a bhunú ar nós lobster, crab inite, turbot agus síleog in uiscí na Nua-Shéalainne. Níor éirigh le haon cheann de na speicis a tugadh isteach a scaoileadh isteach inár huiscí cósta. Mar sin féin, tá rannsachadh a rinneadh le céad bliain anuas ag Portobello tar éis cur go mór lenár dtuiscint ar thimpeallacht mhuirí theas na Nua-Shéalainne.
Cheannaigh Ollscoil Otago an suíomh i 1951 agus thóg sé acharóir taighde agus saotharlann teagaisc ar shuíomh an sean-fhoirgnimh Hatchery. Tógadh saotharlann taighde níos mó i 1987. Bunaíodh Ionad Staidéar Mara na Seilge Nua i 1990 agus osclaíodh a bhfoirgneamh reatha i 1996.
Ba é Uisceadán Portobello an chéad uisceadán mara poiblí sa Nua-Shéalainn. Bhí sé múnlaithe ar an gceann ag Cumann Bithéolaíochta Mhuirí Plymouth, agus measadh go raibh sé "ar an stáitse" ag an am a tógadh é. Cuireadh feabhas air i 1987 agus i 1996. Bhí taispeántais dírithe ar shaol muirí Theas na Nua-Shéalainne. Ar dtús, ní raibh an t-Aicmeoir oscailte ach ag deireadh seachtaine agus laethanta saoire, d'éirigh leis a bheith ina mheall mór turasóireachta áitiúil, oscailte don phobal 7 lá sa tseachtain.
Ar an drochuair, mar gheall ar an sean-fhoirgneamh a bheith aicmithe mar riosca féideartha tar éis na crith talún i gCríost Chearsaigh i 2011, dúnadh an t-Aicmeoir don phobal i 2012. Cuireadh tancanna agus ainmhithe ar na foirgnimh níos nuaí ar shuíomh Portobello chun tacú le gníomhaíochtaí teagaisc agus taighde, agus tá Ionad Staidéar Mara na Nua-Shéalainne fós ar oscailt do chláir oideachais agus turais réamh-riaofa.
Ionad Staidéar Mara na Seilge Nua
Is é an Lárionad aghaidh phoiblí Eolaíochta Mhuirí agus fuinneog ar thaighde muirí in Ollscoil Otago. Ó bunaíodh an tIonad, tá na mílte duine de gach aois tar éis cuairt a thabhairt air agus páirt a ghlacadh i gcláir oideachais, i gcur i láthair agus i imeachtaí.
I measc na n-imeachtaí tóir tá dissections siorc, ceardlanna algaí inite agus turais tráthnóna san acharóir (nuair a bhíonn sé fós ar oscailt).
Bíonn scoileanna ó thuaidh agus ó dheas na Nua-Shéalainne páirteach inár gclár oideachais a bhíonn idir 1.5 uair an chloig agus roinnt laethanta ar fhad.
Tá go leor acmhainní oideachais déanta ag Ionad Staidéar Mara NZ - ó chluichí agus treoracha do mhúinteoirí go sraith iomlán treoracha ar an gcósta agus ábhair thacaíochta.
Tá na hacmhainní saor in aisce le húsáid chun críocha oideachais.
Meánmhéadar na n-earraí
Spreagann Ionad Staidéar Mara NZ gach duine a bheith rannpháirteach i mhonatóireacht fhadtéarmach ar a gcomhshaol muirí.
Is tionscadal eolaíochta saoránach é Mm2 a forbraíodh in 2013 chun na críche sin. Is féidir le duine ar bith páirt a ghlacadh  daoine aonair, teaghlaigh, scoileanna agus grúpaí pobail.
Is bealach éasca é do dhuine ar bith chun an plandaí agus na hainmhithe a chónaíonn ar a gcladach muirí áitiúil a scrúdú.
Tá acmhainní forbartha chun cabhrú leat na suirbhéanna seo a dhéanamh. Féach ar fhíseáin, bain treoracha agus acmhainní saor in aisce. Má aimsíonn tú rud éigin neamhghnách nó rud ar bith nach féidir leat a aithint, is féidir leat ár mblag a úsáid chun grianghraif a uaslódáil agus ceisteanna a chur a fhreagraíonn eolaithe.
Is leabhar é Southern Seas: Discovering Marine Life at 46° South a dhéanann iniúchadh ar shaol muirí na Deiscirt agus a insíonn scéal an Portobello Marine Laboratory agus Ionad Staidéar Muirí na Seilge Nua.
Tá cóstaí agus tránna farraige ag an Nua-Shéalainn, calaí cosanta agus gránnacht Fiordland. Tá an saol mara atá ann chomh éagsúil. Is iad na héin mhóra agus na mamaigh mara is fearr a aithnítear - albatros, síolta feirme agus leoin mhuirí  íomhaintí de éicea-eitiltireacht an deiscirt. Mar phríomh-ghalar, tá siad ag brath ar tháirgiúlacht bhunúsach líonra bia mara na réigiúin.
Ag an saotharlann muirí Portobello ar an Otago Harbour, déanann eolaithe staidéar ar shaol, ar iompar agus ar bhitheolaíocht na créatúir mhuirí agus ar an timpeallacht ina maireann siad. Tríd Ionad Staidéar Mara na Nua-Shéalainne, foghlaimíonn an pobal faoi. Déantar iniúchadh sa leabhar datha agus inrochtana seo ar an timpeallacht agus ar stair an dá institiúid.
Tá na húdair go léir bainteach le Roinn Eolaíochta Mhuirí Ollscoil Otago.
Fógraíocht ar Fhiadhúlra na Mara ag 46° Theas
de Keith Probert, John Jillett, Sally Carson Léarscáileanna datha ar fud.
64pp, ISBN 1-877276-96-0
Má tá suim agat cóip a cheannach, déan teagmháil firstname.lastname@example.org


People drink bottled water for a variety of reasons: It’s healthier than tap water. It tastes better than tap water. And it’s more convenient than carrying a canteen. But do these reason stand up to scrutiny? Let’s take a look.
Myth #1: bottled water is better for you than tap water. Not necessarily. Between 25% and 40% bottled water comes from U.S. municipal water supplies, according to WebMed. But that could be a good thing. Municipal water quality is overseen by the EPA. Bottled water quality is the purview of the FDA. In several instances, EPA regulations are tougher than FDA regulations. For example, municipal water systems must be continually tested for harmful microbes while bottled water companies are required to test for these microbes only once a week.
Myth #2: Varieties of bottled water with vitamins, minerals, or protein added are much healthier than plain tap water. All the vitamins, herbs, proteins, and other additives in bottled water are mostly just marketing ploys, according to Marion Nestle, a nutrition professor at New York University. Any nutritional ingredients they do add amount to a small fraction of what you need on a daily basis. And so-called “enhanced waters” usually contain sugars and artificial flavorings for sweetening, giving the souped-up water more calories than diet soda. Meanwhile, tap water contains one healthy ingredient in adequate supply (other than water itself): fluoride. Some bottlers are starting to add it to their waters.
Bottled water may also be hurting your health because of the bottle it comes in. Plastic bottles release small amounts of chemicals over long periods of time, according to a recent study. And the longer water is stored in a plastic bottle, the higher the concentration of a potentially harmful chemical. This study looked at 132 brands of bottled water from 28 countries that get bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers.
Other researchers discovered high levels of other unhealthy chemicals, including antimony, a toxic chemical that causes arsenic-like symptoms in humans. Concentrations increase because chemicals continue to leach out of the plastic as long as water sits in the bottle.
Myth #3: Water bottles are easy on the environment because they are recyclable: Well, theoretically. Of the 70 million water bottles people in the U.S. empty daily, only 14% get recycled. The other 86%, or over 60 million of them, end up in the trash. And the environmental costs don’t stop there. There’s also the oil used every year to make all those plastic bottles. According to the Earth Institute, that oil would keep 100,000 cars rolling for a year.
Myth #4: Bottled water is inexpensive: Bottled water costs between 240 to 10,000 times more than tap water. Most water from municipal sources costs under 1¢/gal.
In San Francisco, for example, municipal water comes from inside Yosemite National Park. It’s so clean the EPA doesn’t require San Francisco even filter it. But, if you bought and drank one $1.35 bottle of Evian, you could refill the empty bottle once a day for over 10 years using San Francisco tap water before that water would cost $1.35. To crunch the numbers a different way, if tap water cost the same as inexpensive bottled water, monthly home water bills would run $9,000.
Myth #5: But bottled water tastes better: In practically every statistically significant taste test conducted, it’s been shown that the vast majority of people can’t differentiate between bottled and tap water. In one study conducted by Showtime television, 75% of tested New York City residents preferred tap water to bottled water in a blind taste test.
Studies also show that the "purest" water (distilled water with all minerals and salts removed) tastes flat; In fact, it’s the “impurities”-- the sodium, calcium, magnesium, and chlorides -- that give water its flavor.

Is é an chúis is mó a deirtear go n-ólann daoine uisce i mbotellaí ná go bhfuil sé níos sláintiúla ná uisce an phláinéid. Tá blas níos fearr air ná uisce tap. Agus tá sé níos áisiúla ná cantain a iompar. Ach an seasann na cúiseanna seo le scrúdú? Lig dúinn a ghlacadh le breathnú.
Míth #1: Tá uisce i mbotellach níos fearr duit ná uisce an phláinéid. Ní gá go mbeadh. De réir WebMed, tagann idir 25% agus 40% d'uisce buidéil ó sholátharí uisce cathrach na Stát Aontaithe. Ach d'fhéadfadh sé sin a bheith ina rud maith. Déanann an EPA maoirseacht ar cháilíocht uisce na cathrach. Tá cáilíocht uisce i mbotellach faoi chúram an FDA. I roinnt cásanna, tá rialacháin EPA níos déine ná rialacháin FDA. Mar shampla, ní mór córais uisce cathrach a thástáil go leanúnach le haghaidh micribí díobhálacha agus ní mór do chuideachtaí uisce i mbotellach na micribí seo a thástáil ach uair sa tseachtain.
Mí-fhíor #2: Tá cineálacha éagsúla uisce i mbotella le vitimíní, mianraí, nó próitéiní breise i bhfad níos sláintiúla ná uisce plátaí simplí. Níl na vitimíní, na luibheanna, na próitéiní, agus na breiseáin eile atá i mbotellaí uisce ach cleasanna margaíochta den chuid is mó, de réir Marion Nestle, ollamh cothaithe in Ollscoil Nua Eabhrac. Aon chomhábhair chothaitheacha a chuireann siad isteach, is cuid bheag de na rudaí a theastaíonn uait go laethúil. Agus is gnách go mbíonn siúcraí agus blasanna saorga chun milseog a chur san "uisce feabhsaithe" mar a thugtar air, rud a thugann níos mó calraí don uisce a chuirtear suas ná an soda aiste bia. Idir an dá linn, tá comhábhar amháin sláintiúil i soláthar leordhóthanach (seachas an t-uisce féin) i uisce an phláinéid: flúiríd. Tá roinnt buidéirí ag tosú ag cur leis ina gcuid uisce.
D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh uisce i mbotellaí ag déanamh dochar do do shláinte freisin mar gheall ar an mbotella a thagann sé isteach. De réir staidéir le déanaí, scaoileann buidéil plaisteacha méid beag ceimiceán thar thréimhsí fada ama. Agus an níos faide uisce stóráilte i buidéal plaisteach, an níos airde an tiúchan de cheimiceán a d'fhéadfadh a bheith díobhálach. D'fhéach an staidéar seo ar 132 branda uisce buidéil ó 28 tír a chuirtear i mboscaí de théaréiteilín téireiftalait (PET).
Fuair taighdeoirí eile leibhéil arda ceimiceáin neamhshláintiúla eile, lena n-áirítear antimony, ceimiceán tocsaineach a chuireann comharthaí cosúil le arséinic ar dhaoine. Méadaíonn tiúchan mar go leanann ceimiceáin ag leachtú amach as an plaisteach chomh fada agus a bhíonn uisce sa bhuidéal.
Míth #3: Tá buidéil uisce éasca ar an gcomhshaol toisc go bhfuil siad in-athchúrsáilte: Bhuel, go teoiriciúil. As na 70 milliún buidéal uisce a bhuíonn daoine sna Stáit Aontaithe gach lá, ní dhéantar ach 14% a athchúrsáil. An 86% eile, nó os cionn 60 milliún díobh, a thagann chun deiridh sa dramhaíola. Agus ní stopann na costais chomhshaoil ansin. Tá an ola a úsáidtear gach bliain chun na buidéil plaisteach go léir a dhéanamh ann freisin. De réir Institiúid na Cruinne, bheadh an ola sin ag coinneáil 100,000 gluaisteán ag gluaiseacht ar feadh bliana.
Míth #4: Tá uisce i mbotellach saor: Tá costas an uisce i mbotellach idir 240 agus 10,000 uair níos mó ná uisce an phláinéid. Tá an chuid is mó de uisce ó fhoinsí cathrach ag costas faoi 1 ¢/gal.
I San Francisco, mar shampla, tagann uisce cathrach ó Pháirc Náisiúnta Yosemite. Tá sé chomh glan nach gá don EPA San Francisco fiú é a scagadh. Ach, má cheannaigh tú agus ól tú buidéal amháin $1.35 de Evian, d'fhéadfá an buidéal folamh a athlìonadh uair amháin sa lá ar feadh níos mó ná 10 mbliana ag baint úsáide as uisce píopa San Francisco sula mbeadh an t-uisce sin ag costas $1.35. Chun na huimhreacha a chur in iúl ar bhealach difriúil, dá mbeadh an costas céanna ag uisce grianghrafadóireachta agus uisce boilgeog saor, bheadh billí uisce tí míosúil ag $9,000.
Míth #5: Ach tá blas níos fearr ag uisce i mbotella: I mbeagnach gach tástáil blas a rinneadh a bhfuil suntas staidrimh aige, léiríodh nach féidir leis an gcuid is mó de dhaoine idirdhealú a dhéanamh idir uisce i mbotella agus uisce ón bpíobán. I staidéar amháin a rinne teilifís Showtime, is fearr le 75% de chónaitheoirí Chathair Nua Eabhrac a ndearnadh tástáil orthu uisce cnagán ná uisce i mbotellach i dtástáil blasadh dall.
Léiríonn staidéir freisin go bhfuil blas cothrom ag an uisce "níghlan" (uisce díshlataithe le gach mianraí agus salann a bhaint); i ndáiríre, is é an "easpais" - an sóidiam, an cailciam, an maignéisiam, agus na clóirídí - a thugann blas don uisce.


Bed bug are parasitic insects that feed exclusively on blood. The bed bugs are best known as it prefers to feed on human blood. The name “bed bug” derives from the preferred habitat of warm houses and especially nearby or inside of beds and bedding or other sleep areas. Bed bugs are mainly active at night, but are not exclusively nocturnal.
They usually feed on their hosts without being noticed. A number of adverse health effects may result from bed bug bites, including skin rashes, psychological effects and allergic symptoms. They are not known to transmit any pathogens as disease vectors. Certain signs and symptoms suggest the presence of bed bugs.

Is éard atá i mboganna leaba ná feithidí paraisíteacha a itheann go heisiach ar fhuil. Is fearr a aithnítear na bugs leaba mar is fearr leo beatha a fháil ar fhuil an duine. Tagann an t-ainm bed bug as an gnáthóg is fearr a bhíonn ag tithe te agus go háirithe in aice le nó taobh istigh de leaba agus leapacha leaba nó áiteanna codlata eile. Tá na buganna leaba gníomhach go príomha san oíche, ach níl siad ach oícheach.
De ghnáth, itheann siad ar a n-óstach gan a bheith faoi deara. D'fhéadfadh roinnt éifeachtaí díobhálacha sláinte a bheith mar thoradh ar bites bug leaba, lena n-áirítear rashes craiceann, éifeachtaí síceolaíocha agus comharthaí ailléirgeacha. Níl a fhios acu go dtarraingíonn siad aon phaitogéin mar sheachadóirí galar. Tugann comharthaí agus comharthaí áirithe le fios go bhfuil bugs leaba ann.


Resilience to cyber attack and the Faraday Grid solution
All actors in the electricity industry are responsible for security of supply. That is to say electricity provision to the end-users, within agreed levels of continuity and quality. For years, each part of the energy supply chain - from resource extraction to generation, transmission, distribution, markets, and increasingly end use - has relied on using digital systems. The digital connectivity of electricity grids and digital trading platforms for electricity are experiencing considerable innovation. This text considers grid resilience and risks to energy and cyber security in our society.
What does energy security mean?
Energy security means access to energy resources when and where we need it: whether oil, gas, or power. In recent times, policy and research have come to consider the definition of energy security and expanded it considerably to include questions of reliability, power failures, industrial competitiveness, and affordable energy prices. Energy is literally connected to all aspects of life, which explains the appeal of the broad concept. Nevertheless, if energy security can mean almost anything, the concept risks becoming problematic and worn out. This expansion could defeat the purpose: to better understand the vulnerability of different energy systems and their resilience.
What does "grid resilience” really mean?
Vulnerability and resilience are the flipsides of the same coin. Vulnerability refers to a trait of an electricity grid that exposes it to disruptions. They can be internal (such as technical failure) or external (such as weather events). Resilience is the ability of the grid to tolerate and recover from such disruptive events.
Electricity grid and infrastructure resilience is specifically reliability of grid components, their ability to resist hazards, redundancy through backup installations, and fast response and recovery from disruptive events. On a human level, local skills, experience, and knowledge enhance energy system resilience, for example, among professionals who provide critical services by operating energy systems all the time.
With the every increasing trend to convergence of Internet of Things, smart cities, smart homes, smart devices, electric vehicles, automated electric vehicles and electricity grids it is very clear that a reconsideration of what defines grid resilience, as well as, the degree and nature of its vulnerabilities is long overdue.
Why are current grids vulnerable to attack?
The dependence of electricity grids on functioning Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) has been discussed for more than a decade. A report by Beckford Consulting recognizes a number of ICTs at the core of electricity grids: from logic control units in power stations to power management systems and communications infrastructures used across and outside the electricity industry.
Information technologies have multiple relationships to grid resilience. The world has now seen how information systems can sustain open and decentralised networks for example the Internet. They embody one form of resilience. Generally, the interconnection of different systems increases efficiency, creates redundancies that decrease some categories of risk, but they can also lead the to potential for unforeseen systemic risks.
Vulnerable PC software exposes electricity grids to cyber threats. Actual attacks against utility information technology happened in Ukraine in 2015-16 leading to power blackouts, and in Ireland in 2017. Another Dragonfly intelligence-gathering attack on the energy sector exploited information technology weaknesses, using malicious emails, web site compromise attacks, and by compromising legitimate software according to American software provider Symantec.
Why is a Smart Grid vulnerable
A recent blog by Newcastle University argues that we lack evidence of situations where Smart Grid - electricity grid that uses ICTs, in the widest possible meaning - has been compromised energy system operation. Nevertheless, Smart Grid makes ICTs even more crucial to the management of electricity grids than explained above. This includes new information technology whose vulnerabilities are not yet well-understood.
Recently, European energy industry associations, the European Commission, and the US Department of Commerce have warned about the exposure of Smart Grid to cyber threats and called for managing this interdependence risk. The size and the shape of the smart energy infrastructure could become so opaque, that, like the Internet, its resilience and security incidents are very difficult to understand.
What other proposed solutions make the grid potentially more vulnerable to attack?
Generally, making energy grids ‘smarter’ opens them up to a growing number of providers and organisations, each with different cybersecurity objectives and issues. This includes, but is not limited to, new energy management services, smart device manufacturers, electric vehicles, and their charging stations. Each addition can be seen as a potential vulnerability.
The Faraday Grid solution (constructed of distributed autonomous points)
The earlier lessons suggest that grid resilience and distributed risk management are closely related. Electricity grids withstand disruptions partially by allowing autonomous points - whether transformers or human responders - to “bounce back” from disruptions in relative independence of the bigger energy system. Adding a layer of hackable information technology introduces considerable but unknowable potential risks. Positively they can also serve redundancy and backup installations - aspects of resilience and efficient risk management as centralised electricity grids have shown. But here the price is increasing interdependence risks. That backup installation function in the system has interactions which are increasingly opaque, the more interdependent they become.
Why is a Faraday Grid resilient to attack?
The Faraday Grid is resilient by design. In the same way the internet continues to operate in the absence of individual routers, a Faraday Grid will continue to function if individual Faraday Exchangers are attacked, or fail due to a weather event, for example.
This is because the control layer of an Exchanger is embedded in the hardware itself, rather than as a network layer of fibre optics over the entirety of the grid. Each Exchanger is autonomous and responds to the activity in its immediate location. It is not dependant on the response from a neighbouring Exchanger to perform its function.
A decentralised electricity system requires a transition to a more resilient and smart network. Smart grids present an opportunity for more efficient and connected communities, but they can also expose our most critical infrastructure to attack. The Faraday Grid is the only technology able to resolve this tension by reinventing electricity networks at their most fundamental level.

Athrachtacht i gcoinne cibear-ionsaithe agus réiteach Grid Faraday
Tá gach gníomhaí sa tionscal leictreachais freagrach as slándáil an tsoláthair. Is é sin le rá, soláthar leictreachais do na húsáideoirí deiridh, laistigh de leibhéil comhaontaithe leanúnachais agus cáilíochta. Le blianta fada, tá gach cuid den slabhra soláthair fuinnimh - ó shaothrú acmhainní go giniúint, tarchur, dáileadh, margaí, agus úsáid deiridh a mhéadú - ag brath ar chórais dhigiteacha a úsáid. Tá nuálaíocht shuntasach ag teacht ar nascacht dhigiteach líonraí leictreachais agus ar ardáin digiteacha trádála leictreachais. Déantar an téacs seo a mheas mar atá an líonra frithsheasmhach agus na rioscaí do shlándáil fuinnimh agus cibear inár sochaí.
Cad a chiallaíonn slándáil fuinnimh?
Ciallaíonn slándáil fuinnimh rochtain ar acmhainní fuinnimh nuair agus áit a dteastaíonn uainn é: bíodh sé ola, gáis nó cumhacht. Le déanaí, tá an polasaí agus an taighde ag smaoineamh ar shainmhíniú na slándála fuinnimh agus tá sé leathnaithe go suntasach chun ceisteanna iontaofachta, easpa cumhachta, iomaíochas tionsclaíoch, agus praghsanna fuinnimh inacmhainne a áireamh. Tá fuinneamh ceangailte go liteartha le gach gné den saol, rud a mhíníonn an tarraingt atá ar an gcoincheap leathan. Mar sin féin, má tá sé ar intinn ag an tslándáil fuinnimh aon rud a chiallaíonn, tá an coincheap i mbaol a bheith fadhbanna agus caitheamh. D'fhéadfadh an leathnú seo a bheith ina chúis le haontacht leis an gcuspóir: tuiscint níos fearr a fháil ar leochaileacht na gcóras fuinnimh éagsúla agus ar a n-athnuachan.
Cad a chiallaíonn "réasantacht an ghréasáin i ndáiríre?
Is iad leochaileacht agus athléimneacht an dá thaobh den bhuidéal céanna. Tagraíonn leochaileacht do thréith de ghréasán leictreachais a chuireann sé i láthair do bhriseadh. Is féidir iad a bheith inmheánach (mar shampla easpa teicniúil) nó seachtrach (mar shampla imeachtaí aimsire). Is é an athléimneacht cumas an ghréasáin a bheith in ann imeachtaí den sórt sin a chur i gcontúirt agus a ghnóthú.
Is éard atá i athléimneacht líonra leictreachais agus bonneagair ná iontaofacht chomhpháirteanna líonra, a gcumas frithsheasmhacht i gcoinne contúirtí, iomarcacht trí shuiteálacha cúltaca, agus freagairt agus aisghabháil tapa ó imeachtaí suaiteacha. Ar leibhéal an duine, cuireann scileanna, taithí agus eolas áitiúla le athléimneacht an chórais fuinnimh, mar shampla, i measc na gairmithe a sholáthraíonn seirbhísí criticiúla trí chórais fuinnimh a oibriú i gcónaí.
Le treocht atá ag méadú i gcónaí i dtreo comhtháthú Idirlín na Rudaí, cathracha cliste, tithe cliste, feistí cliste, feithiclí leictreacha, feithiclí leictreacha uathoibrithe agus líonraí leictreachais, tá sé an-soiléir go bhfuil gá le hathbhreithniú ar an méid a shainmhíníonn athléimneacht an ghréasáin, chomh maith le méid agus nádúr a leochaileachtaí.
Cén fáth go bhfuil na gréasanna reatha leochaileacha i gcoinne ionsaí?
Tá plé déanta ar spleáchas líonraí leictreachais ar Teicneolaíochtaí Teicneolaíochtaí Faisnéise agus Cumarsáide (FTIanna) atá ag feidhmiú le breis agus deich mbliana. Aithníonn tuarascáil ó Beckford Consulting roinnt TFCanna mar chroílár líonraí leictreachais: ó aonad rialaithe loighce i stáisiúin chumhachta go córais bhainistíochta cumhachta agus bonneagair chumarsáide a úsáidtear ar fud agus lasmuigh den tionscal leictreachais.
Tá caidreamh iltair ag teicneolaíochtaí faisnéise le athléimneacht an ghréasáin. Tá an domhan anois le feiceáil conas is féidir le córais faisnéise líonraí oscailte agus díláraithe a chothú mar shampla an Idirlíon. Tá siad ina gcodarsnacht ar chineál amháin de athléimneacht. Go ginearálta, méadaíonn idirnascadh córais éagsúla éifeachtúlacht, cruthaíonn sé iomarcachtaí a laghdaíonn roinnt catagóirí riosca, ach is féidir leo freisin an fhéidearthacht a bheith ann go bhféadfadh rioscaí sistéamacha gan choinne.
Cuireann bogearraí leochaileacha ríomhaire líonraí leictreachais i láthair bagairtí cibear. Tharla ionsaithe iarbhír i gcoinne teicneolaíocht faisnéise fóntais san Úcráin in 2015-16 a d'fhág go raibh blackouts cumhachta ann, agus in Éirinn in 2017. D'úsáid ionsaí eile Dragonfly a bhailíonn faisnéis ar earnáil an fhuinnimh laigí teicneolaíochta faisnéise, ag baint úsáide as ríomhphoist ilbhliantúla, ionsaithe ar shaincheisteanna láithreán gréasáin, agus trí bhrabhsáil ar bhogearraí dlisteanacha de réir soláthraí bogearraí Mheiriceá Symantec.
Cén fáth go bhfuil Grid Cliste leochaileach
I mblag le déanaí ó Ollscoil Newcastle, déantar a argóint nach bhfuil fianaise againn ar chásanna ina bhfuil Ghréasán Cliste - gréasán leictreachais a úsáideann TFCanna, sa chiall is leithne - ag cur oibríocht chórais fuinnimh i mbaol. Mar sin féin, is é an Gréasán Cliste an rud a fhágann go bhfuil TFCanna níos ríthábhachtach i leith bainistiú líonraí leictreachais ná mar a mhíníodh thuas. Áirítear leis sin teicneolaíocht nua faisnéise nach bhfuil a leochaileachtaí tugtha faoi deara go maith go fóill.
Le déanaí, chuir comhlachais tionscail fuinnimh na hEorpa, an Coimisiún Eorpach agus Roinn Trádála na Stát Aontaithe rabhadh i láthair faoi nochtadh Grid Cliste do bhagairtí cibear agus d'iarr siad go mbainfí an riosca idirspleáchas seo a bhainistiú. D'fhéadfadh méid agus cruth an bhonneagair fuinnimh chliste a bheith chomh neamhthrédhearcach, go bhfuil sé an-deacair a éadrom agus a teagmhas slándála a thuiscint, cosúil leis an Idirlíon.
Cad iad na réitigh eile a mholtar a d'fhéadfadh an líonra a dhéanamh níos leochailí d'ionsaí?
Go ginearálta, nuair a dhéantar líonraí fuinnimh a dhéanamh 'fhiú' osclaítear iad do líon méadaitheach soláthraithe agus eagraíochtaí, a bhfuil cuspóirí agus saincheisteanna cibearshlándála éagsúla ag gach ceann acu. Ba cheart an méid seo a leanas a chur san áireamh, ach gan a bheith teoranta dóibh, seirbhísí nua bainistíochta fuinnimh, monaróirí feistí cliste, feithiclí leictreacha agus a stáisiúin luchtaithe. Is féidir gach breiseán a fheiceáil mar leochaileacht fhéideartha.
Réiteach Grid Faraday (tógtha as pointí neamhspleácha dáileadh)
Is é an rud a léirítear sna ceachtanna roimhe seo ná go bhfuil dlúthbhaint idir athléimneacht an ghréasáin agus bainistíocht riosca dáileadh. Tá líonraí leictreachais in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann a bheith in ann. Cuireann ciseal teicneolaíochta faisnéise hackálach leis rioscaí féideartha suntasacha ach nach bhfuil ar eolas. Is féidir leo freastal go dearfach freisin ar shuiteálacha iomarcachta agus cúltaca - gnéithe den athléimneacht agus den bhainistíocht éifeachtach riosca mar a léiríodh líonraí leictreachais lárnaithe. Ach anseo tá an praghas ag méadú rioscaí idirspleáchais. Tá idirghníomhaíochtaí ag an bhfeidhm suiteála cúltaca sin sa chóras atá níos éagmais, an níos mó a bhíonn siad ag brath ar a chéile.
Cén fáth go bhfuil Grid Faraday in aghaidh ionsaithe?
Tá Grid Faraday athléimneach de réir dearaidh. Ar an mbealach céanna a leanann an t-idirlíon ag feidhmiú in éagmais ródairí aonair, leanfaidh Grid Faraday ag feidhmiú má dhéantar ionsaí ar Aistriúcháiní Faraday aonair, nó má theipeann orthu mar gheall ar imeacht aimsire, mar shampla.
Tá sé seo toisc go bhfuil ciseal rialaithe an mhalartaitheora leabaithe sa crua-earraí féin, seachas mar chiseal líonra de shnáithín optúla ar fud an ghréasáin ar fad. Tá gach malartóir uathrialach agus freagróidh sé an ghníomhaíocht ina shuíomh láithreach. Ní bhíonn sé ag brath ar fhreagra ó mhalartaitheoir comharsanachta chun a fheidhm a chomhlíonadh.
Ní mór an córas leictreachais díláraithe a aistriú go líonra níos athléimní agus níos cliste. Tugann líonraí cliste deis do phobail níos éifeachtaí agus nasctha, ach is féidir leo ár mbonneagar is criticiúla a nochtadh do ionsaí. Is é Grid Faraday an t-aon teicneolaíocht atá in ann an teannas seo a réiteach trí líonraí leictreachais a athfhionnadh ar a leibhéal is bunúsaí.


There are exactly three ways to define the word "nice," according to the dictionary.
The first is the ability to "give pleasure or joy." The second is defined as "attractive or of good quality." The third is simple and straightforward -- someone who is nice is "kind, polite and friendly." Sounds pretty uplifting. So why does niceness get as much flack as it does praise?
What is technically a positive trait can also be seen as equally, well, negative. If you're too nice, you run the risk of coming off as disingenuous or insecure. You also may be appear to be a pushover (or worse, you might actually be a pushover). Not to mention, there's also that whole "finish last" cliché.
But before you write off those good-natured intentions, you might want to take a look at their benefits. Below are six things you should know about being nice:
It may be a natural behavior.
As we grow up, we learn values and morals that help us become nice people, whether it be proper manners, compassion, consideration or a combination of them all. But research from the University of Buffalo suggests that our capacity for goodness may also lie in our DNA. In the study, scientists found that some people may be born with certain genes that give you specific receptors to oxytocin and vasopressin -- two hormones in your body that are associated with feelings of love and generosity.
However, that's not to say that you're only a nice person if you possess the right genes. Researchers also found that genetics work in tandem with your upbringing and life experiences, and the combination of both can suggest how social you become, Live Science reported. Either way, whether we're wired for "niceness" or just brought up on it, our good nature is something that's ingrained in us from an early age.
It could help us live longer.
One hallmark of being nice is practicing charitable actions. When you're helping someone, you're not only bettering their lives, you may also be improving your own: Studies show that those who volunteer reap health benefits that may help you live longer, ABC News reported. Making the world a better place and increasing our longevity? Sign us up.
We're happier when we're kind.
The motive may be a little selfish, but being nice to others doesn't just benefit them, it clearly works in our favor, too, by instantly boosting our mood. You don't have to travel too far out of your way to be nice, either -- sometimes just a few kind words will do.
It may be the key to success.
It pays to be kind: Those who are compassionate and better in-tune with other people's emotions may be more successful at work. "People trust you more, they have better interactions with you, you even get paid better," Dacher Keltner, a professor at the University of California-Berkeley and co-director of the Greater Good Science Center, told ABC News. Not a bad trade-off.
It may bring you less stress.
There's a certain thrill that comes with fighting to be at the top, but it isn't without its own challenges. One of the costs? Your stress levels. One study on baboons found that "alpha males" experienced higher stress levels, suggesting that those "nice guys" may be healthier.
While the study isn't entirely conclusive on the health benefits niceness has for humans, it does offer some interesting insight on what it means to finish second. Additionally, practicing compassion through meditation has also been shown to reduce stress.
It just feels better.
When was the last time you heard someone lament over a little courtesy? Sure, being "too nice" can have its pitfalls, but practicing kindness also has a multitude of feel-good benefits, according to clinical psychologist Lara Honos-Webb, Ph.D. "When we help others and do kind acts, it causes our brain to release endorphins, the chemicals that give us feelings of fervor and high spirits -- similar to a 'runner's high,'" she writes in a Psychology Today blog. "Doing something nice for someone also gives the brain a serotonin boost, the chemical that gives us that feeling of satisfaction and well-being."
Plus, studies show that having specific goals -- like setting out to make someone smile -- may boost our happiness. If being "nice" means feeling more joyful and better about ourselves in the long run, we'll gladly take the label.
This GPS Guide is part of a series of posts designed to bring you back to balance when you're feeling off course.
GPS Guides are our way of showing you what has relieved others' stress in the hopes that you will be able to identify solutions that work for you. We all have de-stressing "secret weapons" that we pull out in times of tension or anxiety, whether they be photos that relax us or make us smile, songs that bring us back to our heart, quotes or poems that create a feeling of harmony or meditative exercises that help us find a sense of silence and calm. We encourage you to visit our other GPS Guides here, and share with us your own personal tips for finding peace, balance and tranquility.

Tá trí bhealach ann chun an focal "dea-mhaith" a shainiú, de réir an fhoclóir.
Is é an chéad cheann an cumas "a thabhairt pléisiúr nó áthas". An dara ceann a shainmhínítear mar "tóir nó dea-chaighdeán". Is é an tríú simplí agus díreach - duine éigin atá deas "dea, beannaithe agus cairdiúil". Fuaime go leor uplifting. Mar sin, cén fáth go bhfaigheann an deas-ghnóthachtáil an oiread sin smacht agus a fhaigheann sí moladh?
Is féidir a fheiceáil freisin mar a chomhionann, go maith, diúltach. Má tá tú ró-deas, tá tú i mbaol a bheith ag teacht amach mar disingenuous nó insecure. D'fhéadfadh sé go mbeadh an chuma ort freisin go bhfuil tú ag dul i ngleic le duine (nó níos measa, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh tú i ngleic le duine i ndáiríre). Gan trácht, tá an cliche "críochán deireanach" sin ar fad ann freisin.
Ach sula ndéanann tú na rún maith sin a scriosta, b'fhéidir gur mhaith leat féachaint ar a gcuid buntáistí. Seo thíos sé rud ba chóir duit a bheith ar an eolas faoi bheith deas:
B'fhéidir gur iompar nádúrtha é.
De réir mar a fhásann muid suas, foghlaimímid luachanna agus moráltachtaí a chabhraíonn linn a bheith ina ndaoine maithe, cibé acu is bealaí cuí iad, trócaire, meas nó meascán díobh seo go léir. Ach léiríonn taighde ó Ollscoil Buffalo go bhféadfadh go mbeadh ár gcumas chun maitheasa i ár DNA freisin. Sa staidéar, fuair eolaithe amach go bhféadfadh daoine áirithe a bheith rugadh le géiní áirithe a thugann glacadóirí sonracha d'ocsaitócin agus do vasopressin -- dhá hormóin i do chorp atá bainteach le mothúcháin grá agus flaithiúlachta.
Mar sin féin, ní chiallaíonn sé sin nach duine deas tú ach má tá na géiní ceart agat. Fuair taighdeoirí amach freisin go n-oibríonn géineolaíocht i gcomhthráth le do chothú agus do thaithí sa saol, agus is féidir leis an dá rud a bheith ag teacht le chéile a thaispeáint cé chomh sóisialta a bhíonn tú, a thuairiscigh Live Science. Ar aon nós, cibé an bhfuil muid ceangail le haghaidh "niceness" nó díreach a thóg ar sé, ár nádúr maith is rud éigin go bhfuil ingrained i dúinn ó aois luath.
D'fhéadfadh sé cabhrú linn maireachtáil níos faide.
Tá gníomhaíochtaí carthanacha mar cheann de na saintréithe atá ar bheith deas. Nuair a chabhraíonn tú le duine, ní hamháin go bhfuil tú ag feabhsú a saol, b'fhéidir go bhfuil tú ag feabhsú do shaol féin freisin: Léiríonn staidéir go bhfaigheann na daoine a dhéanann obair dheonach tairbhe sláinte a d'fhéadfadh cabhrú leat maireachtáil níos faide, a thuairiscigh ABC News. An domhan a dhéanamh ina áit níos fearr agus ár saolré a mhéadú? Sínigh muid suas.
Tá muid níos sona nuair a bhíonn muid cineálta.
B'fhéidir go bhfuil an mothúchán beagán féinbhéasach, ach ní amháin go bhfuil sé ag baint tairbhe as a bheith deas le daoine eile, oibríonn sé go soiléir ar ár son freisin, trína n-ardú láithreach ar ár n-ainneoin. Ní gá duit dul i bhfad ó do bhealach chun a bheith deas, nó -- uaireanta ní gá ach cúpla focal deas.
B'fhéidir gurb é an eochair chun rath.
Tá sé brabúsach a bheith beannaithe: Is féidir leo siúd atá comhfhiosach agus níos fearr i ngéibheann le mothúcháin daoine eile a bheith níos rathúla ag an obair. "Tá muinín níos mó ag daoine i do dhuine, tá idirghníomhaíochtaí níos fearr acu leat, tá tú fiú níos fearr a íoc", a dúirt Dacher Keltner, ollamh in Ollscoil California-Berkeley agus comh-stiúrthóir an Ionad Eolaíochta Maith Mór, le ABC News. Ní malairt dhroch.
D'fhéadfadh sé go gcuirfeadh sé níos lú strus ort.
Tá an-spéisiúil ag troid chun a bheith ar an mbarr, ach ní bhíonn sé gan a chuid dúshláin féin. Ceann de na costais? Do leibhéil strus. Fuair staidéar amháin ar bhfiabáin go raibh níos mó strus ar "fhiacha alfa", rud a thugann le tuiscint go bhféadfadh na "fhianta deas" sin a bheith níos sláintiúla.
Cé nach bhfuil an staidéar cinnte go hiomlán faoi na buntáistí sláinte a bhaineann le hiontach do dhaoine, cuireann sé léargas suimiúil ar a chiallaíonn sé a chríochnú sa dara háit. Ina theannta sin, tá sé léirithe go laghdaíonn an trua trí mheabhrú.
Tá sé ach a bhraitheann níos fearr.
Nuair a bhí an uair dheireanach a chuala tú duine éigin ag gearán thar cúirtéireacht beag? Is cinnte go bhfuil a chuid cúlra ag "a bheith ró-mhaith", ach tá go leor buntáistí ag baint le bheith chomh maith le daoine a bhfuil a leithéid de chineáltas acu, de réir an síceolaí cliniciúla Lara Honos-Webb, Ph.D. "Nuair a chabhraíonn muid le daoine eile agus a dhéanann muid gníomhartha maithe, cuireann sé leis an inchinn endorphins a scaoileadh, na ceimiceáin a thugann mothúcháin de fhuaim agus de spiorad ard dúinn - cosúil le 'high runner's high,'" a scríobh sí i mblag Psychology Today. "Tá sé de thairbhe don eanlaith seo go gcuireann sé seo le daoine a bhfuil an-tóir orthu, agus go gcuireann sé seo le daoine a bhfuil an-tóir orthu".
Ina theannta sin, léiríonn staidéir go bhféadfadh spriocanna sonracha a bheith againn -- mar shampla duine a dhéanamh ag gáire -- ár sonas a mhéadú. Má chiallaíonn "dea-mhaith" go mbraitheann muid níos lúcháire agus níos fearr faoi féin san fhadtréimhse, glacfaimid leis an lipéad go hálainn.
Tá an Treoir GPS seo mar chuid de shraith phoist atá deartha chun tú a thabhairt ar ais go cothrom nuair a bhíonn tú ag mothú as an gcúrsa.
Is é Treoirlínte GPS ár mbealach chun a thaispeáint duit cad a bhfuil a faoiseamh strus daoine eile i dóchas go mbeidh tú in ann a aithint réitigh a oibríonn duitse. Tá "armáin rúnda" ag gach duine againn a chaitheann brú agus a tharraingimid amach in amanna teannas nó imní, cibé acu grianghraif a chuireann suaimhneas orainn nó a chuireann gáire orainn, amhráin a thugann ar ais ár gcroí dúinn, luachan nó filí a chruthaíonn mothú comhchuibhe nó cleachtaí machnaimh a chabhraíonn linn mothú na ciúin agus na síochána a fháil. Molaimid duit cuairt a thabhairt ar ár dTreoirlínte GPS eile anseo, agus do chuid leideanna pearsanta féin a roinnt linn chun síocháin, cothromaíocht agus suaimhneas a fháil.


There is widespread disagreement as to what caused the Liberty Bell to crack upon its first use in 1753. Despite being recast twice, the crack worsened when the bell was rung in celebration of George Washington's birthday in 1846, and the bell has not been rung since.Continue Reading
The Liberty Bell was cast in London in 1752 before it was sent to the Pennsylvania State House, a building known as Independence Hall as of 2014. When it was first rung, the bell suffered a crack when it was struck by its 44-pound clapper. The Liberty Bell is engraved with a Biblical verse from Leviticus, and the names of John Stow and John Pass were engraved on it after they recast the bell in an attempt to repair it. The bell was originally used to call the Pennsylvania Assembly to meetings.
The Liberty Bell achieved its status as a cultural and historical icon when abolitionists adopted it as a symbol for the anti-slavery movement. Although it was no longer used as working bell, the Liberty Bell was transported across the United States following the Civil War in an effort to celebrate the shared history and cultural identity of the country. The bell returned to Philadelphia in 1915.Learn more about US History

Tá easaontas forleathan ann maidir leis an méid a chuir leis an mBill Saoirse a chraic ar a chéad úsáid i 1753. In ainneoin go ndearnadh athdhéanamh air dhá uair, tháinig an creag níos measa nuair a bhí an clog ag ceiliúradh lá breithe George Washington i 1846, agus níor ceiliúradh an clog ó shin.
Cuireadh an Bell Saoirse i Londain i 1752 sula ndearnadh é a sheoladh chuig Teach Stáit Pennsylvania, foirgneamh ar a dtugtar Halla na Saoirse ó 2014. Nuair a bhí an clog ar an gcéad uair, d'fhulaing an clog creim nuair a bhuail a clapper 44 punt. Tá véarsa Bíobla ó Lefitic graváilte ar an mBall Saoirse, agus tá ainmneacha John Stow agus John Pass graváilte air tar éis dóibh an clog a athdhéanamh i iarracht é a dheisiú. Baineadh úsáid as an clog ar dtús chun Tionól Pennsylvania a ghlaoch chuig cruinnithe.
Bhuaigh an Bell Saoirse a stádas mar íocán cultúrtha agus stairiúil nuair a ghlac abolitionists é mar shiombail don ghluaiseacht frith-sclábhaíochta. Cé nach raibh sé in úsáid mar ghlao oibre a thuilleadh, i ndiaidh an Chogaidh Shibhialta, cuireadh an Clog Saoirse ar iompar ar fud na Stát Aontaithe i iarracht stair chomhroinnte agus féiniúlacht chultúrtha na tíre a cheiliúradh. Tháinig an clog ar ais go Philadelphia i 1915.Féach níos mó faoi Stair na SA


- Morrisville was named for Jeremiah Morris who donated three acres of land to the North Carolina Railroad in 1852 for a water station, woodshed, and other buildings in support of the railroad. The deed transaction is believed to be on November 30, 1852, which references Crabtree Creek.
- Jeremiah Morris established the first post office in March of 1852 and became the first postmaster of Morrisville.
- Stockholder meetings were held as early as the spring and summer of 1853. These included area landowners Morris, Adolphus Jones, and Giles Allison.
- Wake County’s second railroad, the North Carolina Railroad from Goldsboro to Charlotte, was completed in 1856. This railroad fostered several communities (Cary, Morrisville, Garner, and Auburn) along its line. Morrisville is the oldest of these communities, which established a railroad stop in the early 1850s. However, the Town was not chartered until 1875.
- In 1859, County justices made Morrisville a polling place.
- On April 13, 1865, one of the last battles of the civil war took place in Morrisville.
- Morrisville Baptist Church was established in 1866.
- George Tonnoffski opened a liquor store and the Page family built the Morrisville Hotel before 1872.
- By the early 1870s, the Morrisville area supported at least six general stores, Baptist and Christian churches, a hotel, a steam sawmill, a cabinetmaker, a lawyer, and four physicians.
- Morrisville’s original charter was ratified on March 3, 1875.
- By 1880, the Town’s population was 165.
- Samuel Horne opened a knitting-mill in 1910.
- The citizens of Morrisville voted to repeal the charter, which was ratified on May 9, 1933.
- Morrisville was re-chartered on April 3, 1947.
- In 1976, Morrisville purchased the Morrisville Christian Church building to be used as the first Town Hall.
- On May 12, 1986 the current Town Seal was adopted.
- Morrisville’s population in 1990 was 1,022.
- Morrisville’s population in 2004 was 11,915, as determined by a Special Census.
- Morrisville's 2010 Census population was 18,576.
- Morrisville's population in 2015 was 24,699 as determined by a Special Census.
Civil War Era
"The Federals finally pressed the Confederates to the small village of Morrisville Station. At the station a Confederate engine was trying to flee with dozens of cars filled with supplies and Confederate wounded taken from Pettigrew Hospital in Raleigh. Wheeler surveyed the situation and decided to make another attempt to stop the advancing enemy and buy time for the train to escape."
This is just a glimpse of the exciting story of "The Battle at Morrisville Station", written by local historian, Ernest Dollar. Visit his website to learn more about Morrisville's role in the Civil War.

- Ainmníodh Morrisville ar Jeremiah Morris a thug trí acra talún do Iarnród Carolina Thuaidh i 1852 le haghaidh stáisiún uisce, scátháin adhmaid, agus foirgnimh eile chun tacú leis an iarnród. Creidtear go bhfuil an idirbheart díolachán ar an 30 Samhain, 1852, a thagraíonn do Crabtree Creek.
- Jeremiah Morris bunaíodh an chéad oifig phoist i Márta 1852 agus bhí sé an chéad postmaster de Morrisville.
- Reáchtáladh cruinnithe scairshealbhóirí chomh luath le earrach agus samhradh 1853. I measc na ndaoine sin bhí Morris, Adolphus Jones, agus Giles Allison, úinéirí talún na háite.
- Críochnaíodh an dara iarnród i gContae Wake, iarnród Carolina Thuaidh ó Goldsboro go Charlotte, i 1856. Chothraigh an iarnród seo roinnt pobail (Cary, Morrisville, Garner, agus Auburn) ar feadh a líne. Is é Morrisville an ceann is sine de na pobail seo, a bhunaigh stad iarnróid go luath sna 1850idí. Mar sin féin, níor cairteadh an Bhaile go dtí 1875.
- Sa bhliain 1859, rinne breithiúna Contae Morrisville áit vótála.
- Ar an 13 Aibreán, 1865, ceann de na cathanna deireanach den chogadh cathartha a tharla i Morrisville.
- Bunaíodh Eaglais Baiste Morrisville i 1866.
- D'oscail George Tonnoffski siopa deochanna alcóil agus thóg an teaghlach Page Óstán Morrisville roimh 1872.
- Faoi na 1870í luath, an Morrisville limistéar tacaíocht ar a laghad sé siopaí ginearálta, Baiste agus eaglaisí Críostaí, óstán, píosaí gaile, cabinetmaker, dlíodóir, agus ceithre dochtúirí.
- Ratified an cairt bunaidh Morrisville ar 3 Márta, 1875.
- Faoi 1880, bhí daonra an Bhaile ag 165.
- D'oscail Samuel Horne mhilliún fíodála i 1910.
- Vótáil saoránaigh Morrisville chun an chairt a aisghairm, a ceadaíodh ar 9 Bealtaine, 1933.
- Bhí Morrisville re-chartered ar an 3 Aibreán, 1947.
- Sa bhliain 1976, cheannaigh Morrisville foirgneamh Eaglais Chríostaí Morrisville le húsáid mar an chéad Halla Cathrach.
- An 12 Bealtaine, 1986 glacadh le séal reatha na cathrach.
- Ba é daonra Morrisville i 1990 ná 1,022.
- Ba 11,915 é daonra Morrisville in 2004, mar a chinntear le Daonáireamh Speisialta.
- Bhí daonra Daonáireamh 2010 Morrisville 18,576.
- Bhí daonra Morrisville in 2015 24,699 mar a chinntear le Daonáireamh Speisialta.
Ré na Cogadh Cathartha
"Ar deireadh, chuir na Cónaidhmeannaigh brú ar na Comhdhúchasaigh go dtí sráidbhaile beag Stáisiún Morrisville. Ag an stáisiún bhí inneall Comhdhúite ag iarraidh teitheadh le mórán gluaisteáin líonta le soláthairtí agus gortaithe Comhdhúite a tógadh ó Ospidéal Pettigrew i Raleigh. Rinne Wheeler suirbhé ar an staid agus shocraigh sé iarracht eile a dhéanamh chun stop a chur leis an namhaid atá ag dul chun cinn agus am a cheannach chun an traein a éalú. "
Níl anseo ach léargas ar an scéal spreagúil "The Battle at Morrisville Station", a scríobh an staire áitiúil, Ernest Dollar. Tabhair cuairt ar a shuíomh Gréasáin chun tuilleadh a fhoghlaim faoi ról Morrisville sa Chogadh Cathartha.


Why did the United States and the Allies win World War II? You know Adolf Hitler never would have started World War II if he had not felt absolutely certain in his own mind that he was going to win. He knew what he had and one of the things that he had and depended on was an, what he felt was an absolutely unbreakable secret code for his intelligent officers. Now it has recently been revealed, and come into the world news that General Eisenhower has said that a decisive factor in winning the war was the Allies breaking of that supposed unbreakable secret German code...
Please Note: The FREE literature offered on this program are no longer available through the Address and Phone Number given, please visit www.hwalibrary.com for all FREE literature offered on this program.

Cén fáth a bhuaigh na Stáit Aontaithe agus na Comhghuaillithe an Dara Cogadh Domhanda? Tá a fhios agat Adolf Hitler riamh a bheith tús an Dara Cogadh Domhanda mura raibh sé bhraith cinnte go hiomlán ina intinn féin go raibh sé ag dul a bhuachan. Bhí a fhios aige cad a bhí aige agus ceann de na rudaí a bhí aige agus ag brath ar bhí, cad a mhothaigh sé a bhí an-unbreakable cód rúnda dá oifigigh cliste. Anois tá sé nochtadh le déanaí, agus teacht isteach i nuacht an domhain go bhfuil Ginearálta Eisenhower dúirt go raibh fachtóir cinntitheach i a bhuachan an cogadh na Comhghuaillithe briseadh an cód rúnda Gearmánach unbreakable a cheapadh...
Tabhair faoi deara le do thoil: Níl an litríocht saor in aisce a thairgtear sa chlár seo ar fáil trí an Seoladh agus an Uimhir Theileafóin a thugtar, tabhair cuairt ar www.hwalibrary.com le haghaidh gach litríocht saor in aisce a thairgtear ar an gclár seo.


CHE 4953: Chemical Writing (Aguilar)
Writing for Chemistry
Writing for Chemistry can be different from other writing for other classes, such as English, History, or Politics. As with all scientific writing, you're trying to clearly explain your hypothesis, the methods used for your experiments, the results, and the conclusions of your research. Most often for Chemistry, you're writing a Lab Report. Here are some resources from the UTSA Libraries that can help you become a better science writer.

CHE 4953: Scríbhneoireacht Cheimiceach (Aguilar)
Scríobh le haghaidh Ceimic
D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh scríbhneoireacht do Cheimic difriúil ó scríbhneoireacht eile do ranganna eile, mar shampla Béarla, Stair, nó Polaitíocht. Mar a tharla le gach scríbhneoireacht eolaíoch, tá tú ag iarraidh a mhíniú go soiléir do hipitéis, na modhanna a úsáidtear le haghaidh do turgnaimh, na torthaí, agus na conclúidí de do thaighde. Is minic a bhíonn tú ag scríobh Tuarascáil Lab ar Cheimic. Seo roinnt acmhainní ó Leabharlanna UTSA a chabhróidh leat a bheith i do scríbhneoir eolaíochta níos fearr.


Eco Depurazione - Evapotranspiration System
The phenomena of plant evapotranspiration is tied to clorophyllous photosynthesis in that this, in order to assume the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, must keep the stoma open and so they lose large quantities of water which is absorbed by the soil and dispersed into the atmosphere in a form of vapour (evapotranspiration process).
ECO DEPURAZIONE has conceived and constructed a system capable of artificially using this process, in and of itself natural, in order to dispose of purified waste water through plants.
This system, built entirely in GRP (Glass-Reinforced Polyester) is comprised of parallelepiped shaped 700 mm height absorption beds, with width and length variable based on the dimensional needs connected to the number of equivalent inhabitants.
Before the evapotranspiration system an Imhoff type septic tank is placed in which, the water coming from sanitary services, is conveyed, therefore it is opportune to installe a degreaser for kitchen waste water in order to separate soaps and greases from the water which could otherwise slow down the system's purifying process if they should be dispersed directly into the Imhoff tank.
After the aforementioned primary sedimentation, the waste water is conveyed to an inspection well which is located at the head of the absorption beds. These will be located contiguous to the final collection well for the purpose of recirculating the excess water via an electric lifting pump into the first inspection well.
Inside the evapotranspiration tanks, drilled drainage piping in PVC is located to allow the water to exit.
Inside the evapotranspiration tanks a layer of gravel is placed at a height of 50% of the tank itself, above which a layer of polyester geotextile fabric is placed (commonly called non woven fabric) in order to impede the roots of the plant from coming into contact with the bottom of the tank which would cause structural damage. The vegetable/peat soil is deposited on top of the geotextile fabric and the plants are planted there (normally evergreen plants with ample foliage mass such as: cherry-laurel, bamboo chutes, etc.).
Start-up of the system requires a few weeks in that the plants need time to take root in the soil and proceed with the natural process of evapotranspiration (the time necessary for the process can vary due to climactic conditions).
The evapotranspiration tanks, made entirely in GRP (Glass-Reinforced Polyester) are monobloc structures sized for waste water treatment from rural dwellings, agro-tourism establishments, centres where the sewage network is too far away to install a purifier or hook up directly to the municipal sewage system. Furthermore, in accordance with regional note No. 1388 dtd 04 Jan 2008, in order to exclude inappropriate dispersions of liquids into the surrounding soil due to accidental breakage or cracks in the GRP tank, ECO DEPURAZIONE has designed a system in which the aforementioned tank is solidly enveloped by a second, larger sealed tank made from GRP and complete with an inspection well in order to create an interspace which allows for verification of any liquid leaks from the internal tank.
Besides completely satisfying the requirements of the standard, this system allows for significant simplification both for transport and set up operations as well as management operations.
Finally, ECO DEPURAZIONE guarantees that the effluent will have characteristics which conform to Legislative Decree No. 152 dtd 03 Apr 2006 and subsequent integrations or modifications.

Eco Depurazione - Córas Éabhaothron-Shuathúcháin
Tá feiniméan an evapotranspiration plandaí ceangailte le fótasintéis chlóróifíleach sa mhéid is go gcaithfidh sé seo, chun an dé-ocsaíd charbóin a ghlacadh ón atmaisféar, an stoma a choinneáil oscailte agus mar sin caillfidh siad cainníochtaí móra uisce a ionsú an ithir agus a scaipeadh isteach san atmaisféar i bhfoirm gaile (próiseas evapotranspiration).
Tá córas ceaptha agus tógtha ag ECO DEPURAZIONE a bhfuil sé in ann an próiseas seo, atá nádúrtha i dtrácht féin, a úsáid go saorga chun fuíolluisce íonaithe a dhiúscairt trí phlandaí.
Tá an córas seo, a tógadh go hiomlán i GRP (Póiliéistear A neartú le Ghlais), comhdhéanta de leabaí ionsúcháin 700 mm ar airde i gcruth paraileileipípe, le leithead agus fad a athróidh de réir na riachtanais dhomhain a bhaineann le líon na n-áitritheoirí coibhéiseacha.
Roimh an córas evapotranspiration tá tanc septic de chineál Imhoff a chuirtear isteach ina gcuirtear an t-uisce a thagann ó sheirbhísí sláintíochta, dá bhrí sin is cuí díghreamú a shuiteáil le haghaidh fuíolluisce cistine chun gallúnach agus saill a scaradh ón uisce a d'fhéadfadh go gcuirfeadh moill ar phróiseas íonú an chórais dá mba cheart iad a scaipeadh go díreach isteach i tanc Imhoff.
Tar éis an chéad-séadú thuasluaite, déantar an fuíolluisce a sheoladh chuig tobar iniúchta atá suite ag ceann na mbreataí ionsú. Beidh na cúlchistí sin suite in aice leis an bpoill bhailiúcháin deiridh chun an iomarca uisce a athshruthú trí chabhrú leictreach ardaithe isteach sa chéad phoill iniúchta.
Tá píopaí draenála drileáilte i PVC suite taobh istigh de na tancanna evapotranspiration chun ligean don uisce dul amach.
Sa charr, tá an t-ábhar a úsáidtear chun an t-ábhar a chur ar fáil, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar fáil ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar fáil ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta, agus tá an t-ábhar a chuirtear ar an gcárta. Tá an talamh glasraí/torfa curtha ar bharr an fhabraic gheoteicstíle agus tá na plandaí curtha ann (gláir shíorghlas de ghnáth le mais féileach leathan mar: cherry-laurel, chutes bambú, srl. )
Ba cheart an t-ábhar a chur ar fáil go huathoibríoch agus go hiomlán saor ó chraiceann agus ó chraiceann eile.
Is struchtúir monobloc iad na tancanna evapotranspiration, a dhéantar go hiomlán i GRP (Póiléister A neartófar le Glainne) a bhfuil a mhéid chun fuíolluisce a chóireáil ó thithe tuaithe, ó bhunaíochtaí agra-eolais, ó ionaid ina bhfuil an líonra fuíolluisce rófhada chun íonadóir a shuiteáil nó a nascadh go díreach leis an gcóras fuíolluisce cathrach. Ina theannta sin, i gcomhréir leis an nóta réigiúnach Uimh. 1388 dtd 04 Jan 2008, d'fhonn scaipeadh míchuí leachtacha isteach sa ithir timpeall mar gheall ar bhriseadh nó sceitheadh thimpisteach sa tinc GRP, tá córas deartha ag ECO DEPURAZIONE ina bhfuil an tinc thuasluaite clúdaithe go daingean ag dara tinc shéalaithe níos mó de GRP agus a chomhlánaítear le tobar iniúchta chun idirspás a chruthú a cheadaíonn fíorú ar aon sceitheadh leachtacha ón tinc inmheánach.
Chomh maith le go gcomhlíonann an córas seo go hiomlán ceanglais an chaighdeáin, cuireann sé éascaíocht mhór ar fáil maidir le hoibríochtaí iompair agus socrúcháin chomh maith le hoibríochtaí bainistíochta.
Ar deireadh, ráthaíonn ECO DEPURAZIONE go mbeidh tréithe ag an effluent a chomhlíonann Decrét Législatif no. 152 de 03 Aibreán 2006 agus comhtháthú nó modhnú ina dhiaidh sin.


Honest Abe Wasn’t Honest About Drinking: Lincoln’s Alcohol-Fueled Diplomacy
Given the behavior of our current cast of colorful presidential hopefuls on the campaign trail and their constantly morphing positions, no one could blame you for pining for the candor and character of a founding father—particularly Abraham Lincoln.
But while Honest Abe, whose 207th birthday was on Friday, had the moral conviction to abolish slavery and enter into a bloody civil war, the success of his own campaign hinged on his purposely vague stance on one key issue of the time: alcohol consumption.
Amazingly enough, his status as a drinker—or as a teetotaler—would help decide the 1860 election and, of course, shape the future of America.
At the time, alcohol was a very contentious issue and the temperance movement was gathering steam. Highly motivated and organized teetotalers were an effective voting block that was known to decide some local elections. (In that regard, the teetotalers of yore weren’t that different than the tea party members of today.)
But temperance was a tricky tightrope for Lincoln to walk since he was literally born into the liquor industry.
During his childhood in Kentucky, his father worked part time at a distillery that most likely made bourbon. “They lived along Knob Creek,” says James Cornelius, curator at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum. “You know that name.”
Lincoln’s father’s profession wasn’t unusual. Farm work was seasonal and “people did a multitude of jobs,” says Cornelius. In fact, even Lincoln’s elementary school teacher was a part-time distiller. But the political ambitions of the future 16th president of the United States forced him to distance himself from his spirited past.
In the first of a series of legendary debates with the democrat Stephen Douglas, Lincoln’s history of co-owning a grocery in Salem, Illinois, in the 1830s was mentioned by his opponent as a way to tie him to the alcohol trade. “I was a school teacher in the town of Winchester, and he a flourishing grocery-keeper in the town of Salem,” accused Douglas.
The audience would have understood that calling Lincoln “a flourishing grocery keeper,” meant that he essentially ran a popular bar. And at the time, these types of establishments were blamed for causing all kinds of disorderly conduct and encouraging a range of sinful behaviors.
Lincoln staunchly denied Douglas’ accusation and always claimed that people could purchase liquor at his store but not consume it there. During the debate he was, however, careful not to condemn those grocery store owners that did sell liquor by the glass: “The Judge is wofully [sic] at fault about his early friend Lincoln being a “grocery keeper.” I don’t know as it would be a great sin, if I had been, but he is mistaken. Lincoln never kept a grocery anywhere in the world.”
Similarly, in an 1842 speech to the Springfield Washington Temperance Society, he showed great sympathy and empathy for people suffering from alcoholism. That was quite a change given the movement’s “previous approach was one of shame and sin,” says Cornelius.
Despite Lincoln’s assurances that he never operated a grocery/bar, a document has surfaced which shows that Lincoln and his partner William Berry had the necessary paperwork to sell booze for immediate consumption. (If only Douglas had gotten his hands on it!)
It’s a particularly interesting exchange between the two debaters given that Lincoln wasn’t a heavy drinker and, according to Cornelius, Douglas not only drank heavily but also smoked. Clearly, for many voters being associated with the increasing chaos of the barroom was a major problem.
While there is a myth that Lincoln didn’t drink and swore not to, what he actually said was that he didn’t care for it, since it left him feeling “flabby and undone.” (Given the quality of whiskey available at the time, I don’t doubt it.)
Later, during his presidency, at White House celebrations or dinners he would take a small sip of wine or Champagne, “so he wouldn’t look like a stick in the mud,” says Cornelius.
Looking back it’s clear that it became increasingly difficult for Honest Abe to be, well, honest about the subject of alcohol. While almost a century earlier Washington was expected to buy voters rum on Election Day and later owned a distillery himself after leaving office, by the middle of the 19th century it was a liability for a politician to have public ties to the production and consumption of alcohol.
Lincoln was more than up to the challenge of navigating this potential minefield and was able to exercise his political dexterity by convincing the teetotalers that he supported their quest without alienating his core constituents of voters.
His strategic diplomacy helped paved the way for his election and allowed him to make the sweeping changes to American society that were close to his heart.
It is a feat that today’s presidential wannabes could certainly benefit from studying this holiday weekend.

Ní raibh Abe Onórach Onórach Maidir le hIonú: Taighdeach ar Fuel Alcóil Lincoln
Ag féachaint do iompar ár gcastail reatha de dóchasaigh uachtaránachta datha ar an mbóthar feachtais agus a gcuid poist a mhófar i gcónaí, ní féidir le duine ar bith a chiontú go bhfuil tú ag súil le deargú agus carachtar athair bunaithe - go háirithe Abraham Lincoln.
Ach cé go raibh an dearcadh morálta ag Honest Abe, a raibh a 207ú lá breithe aige Dé hAoine, sclábhaíocht a dhíothú agus dul isteach i gcogadh sibhialta fuilteach, bhí rath a fheachtais féin ag brath ar a sheasamh neamhshoiléir ar cheann de phríomhcheisteanna an ama: tomhaltas alcóil.
Go hiontach go leor, a stádas mar óltóir - nó mar abstentious - a chabhródh cinneadh a dhéanamh ar an toghchán 1860 agus, ar ndóigh, cruth todhchaí na Meiriceá.
Ag an am, bhí alcól ina cheist an-díshuíomh agus bhí an gluaiseacht measarthachta ag bailiú gaile. Bhí na daoine a bhí an-spreagtha agus eagraithe ag diúltú do thriail ina bhloc vótála éifeachtach a raibh a fhios acu go gcinnfeadh siad roinnt toghcháin áitiúla. (Ar an ábhar sin, ní raibh na teeboters ó am atá caite chomh difriúil leis na baill pháirtí tae inniu.)
Ach bhí an t-imréiteach ina shraith tricky do Lincoln ó rugadh é i dtionscal na deochanna alcóil.
Le linn a óige i Kentucky, d'oibrigh a athair páirtaimseartha ag dílisí a rinne bourbon is dóichí. "Bhí siad ina gcónaí ar feadh Knob Creek", a deir James Cornelius, cúirteoir sa Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum.  Tá a fhios agat an t-ainm.
Ní raibh gairm athair Lincoln neamhghnách. Bhí obair fheirme seasúnach agus "bhí daoine ag déanamh a lán post", a deir Cornelius. Go deimhin, bhí fiú múinteoir bunscoile Lincoln ina díotálaí páirtaimseartha. Ach chuir uaillmhianta polaitiúla an 16ú uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe amach anseo air féin a chur ar shiúl óna shaol a bhí aige roimhe seo.
Sa chéad cheann de shraith díospóireachtaí legendary leis an daonlathach Stephen Douglas, luaigh a opponent stair Lincoln de chomh-úinéir grósaera i Salem, Illinois, sna 1830idí mar bhealach chun é a cheangal leis an trádáil alcóil. "Bhí mé ina múinteoir scoile i mbaile Winchester, agus bhí sé ina shealbhóir grósaera rathúil i mbaile Salem", a chuir sé in iúl do Douglas.
D'fhágfadh an lucht féachana gur bhain sé bar tóir as Lincoln a ghlaoch ar "caomhnóir grósaera rathúil". Agus ag an am, bhí an cineál seo bunaíochtaí cúisithe as a chur faoi deara gach cineál iompair neamhordúil agus spreagadh raon iompar peacach.
Dhiúltaigh Lincoln go daingean d'áitíocht Douglas agus d'éiligh sé i gcónaí go bhféadfadh daoine deochanna alcóil a cheannach ina siopa ach gan é a chaitheamh ann. Le linn an díospóireachta bhí sé, áfach, cúramach gan na húinéirí siopaí grósaera a rinne deochanna a dhíol ag an gloine a chiontú: "Tá an Breitheamh go mór [sic] i bhfolach faoi a chara luath Lincoln a bheith ina" coimeádtóir grósaera. "Ní fios dom mar a bheadh sé ina pheaca mór, dá mba rud é go raibh mé, ach tá sé mícheart. Lincoln riamh a bhí grósaera áit ar bith ar fud an domhain.
Ar an gcaoi chéanna, i gcaint a thug sé i 1842 do Chumann an Uimhreachta Springfield Washington, léirigh sé comhbhrón agus comhfhaireachas mór do dhaoine a bhí ag fulaingt ó alcóil. Ba athrú mór é sin, ós rud é go raibh an beart roimhe seo ina chur chuige náire agus peaca, a deir Cornelius.
In ainneoin dearbhú Lincoln nach raibh sé ag feidhmiú ar bhrógsair / barra riamh, tá doiciméad tar éis teacht chun cinn a léiríonn go raibh na páipéir riachtanacha ag Lincoln agus a chomhpháirtí William Berry chun alcól a dhíol le haghaidh tomhaltais láithreach. (Má amháin Douglas fuair a lámha air!)
Is malartú suimiúil é go háirithe idir an dá díospóireacht toisc nach raibh Lincoln ina óltóir trom agus, de réir Cornelius, ní amháin go raibh Douglas ag ól go trom ach freisin ag caitheamh tobac. Is léir gur fadhb mhór a bhí ag go leor vótálaithe a bheith bainteach leis an chaos atá ag méadú sa seomra barra.
Cé go bhfuil miotas ann nár ól Lincoln agus nár mhionnaigh sé, ba é an méid a dúirt sé i ndáiríre ná nach raibh cúram aige air, ós rud é gur fhág sé go raibh sé "flabby agus neamhghnách". (De réir cáilíocht an uiscí a bhí ar fáil ag an am, nílim ag amhras faoi.)
Níos déanaí, le linn a uachtaránacht, ag ceiliúradh nó dinnéar sa Teach Bán, d'ól sé siopa beag fíona nó seampáin, "chun nach mbeadh sé cosúil le bata sa muince", a deir Cornelius.
Ag breathnú siar is léir go raibh sé níos deacra do Honest Abe a bheith, go maith, dílis faoi ábhar alcóil. Cé go raibh súil le Washington beagnach céad bliain roimhe sin rum a cheannach ó vótálaithe ar Lá na Toghcháin agus ina dhiaidh sin bhí dílisceadóir aige féin tar éis dó an oifig a fhágáil, faoi lár an 19ú haois bhí sé ina dhliteanas do pholaiteoir naisc phoiblí a bheith aige le táirgeadh agus tomhaltas alcóil.
Bhí Lincoln níos mó ná an dúshlán a bhí ann an réimse mianach féideartha seo a nascleanúint agus bhí sé in ann a dheacrachta pholaitiúil a fheidhmiú trí na teastóirí a chur ina luí go dtacaigh sé lena n-iarratais gan a bhun-chomhdháilthóirí vótálaithe a dhíspreagadh.
Chabhraigh a taidhleoireacht straitéiseach an bealach a oscailt dá thoghadh agus lig sé dó na hathruithe móra a dhéanamh ar shochaí Mheiriceá a bhí gar dá chroí.
Is é an feat go mbeadh an lá atá inniu wannabes uachtaránachta cinnte a fháil tairbhe as staidéar an deireadh seachtaine saoire.


White House Floor Plan Living Quarters. The colonial house plans architecture of America includes many design styles including First Period (late-Medieval) English, Spanish colonial, French colonial, and Georgian colonial. These architectural styles were in vogue for houses, government buildings, and churches from the early 1600’s through the mid 1800’s. The earliest English settlements at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 and at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620, became models of later colonial construction along the east coast of America. Early English buildings usually include details associated with the Medieval period such as steep roofs, a massive central chimney, small windows (because of a glass scarcity in the colonies) and minimal ornamentation.
The historic Spanish revival house plans spread with the earliest Spanish settlements in Mexico and the Caribbean. In the United States, the Spanish colonial style is best exhibited in St. Augustine, Florida, which is the oldest established city in the U.S., having been founded in 1565. The common houses in this town were covered outside with a whitewash of lime mortar; usually two stories tall, they included patios for outdoor cool-air breezes in the hot Florida climate. This style also developed in the American Southwest and in California, as Spanish priests established missions along the Pacific coast between 1769 and 1823.
The French colonial style spread in areas of North America settled by the French, beginning in 1608 with Quebec, and in 1718 with New Orleans, Louisiana. Other settlements spread along the Mississippi valley up to Missouri. Early French colonial-style houses are called poteaux-en-terre, and are made of heavy cedar logs set upright into the ground. They are surrounded by galleries (porches) to sit outside in the hot summer. By the 1770’s the French colonial style evolved into briquette-entre-poteaux, meaning small bricks laid between posts, which characterizes homes in New Orleans’ historic quarter. In areas where flooding was common, the raised-cottage style developed, with houses built on top of raised brick walls for protection from waters during floods. In dry periods these basements stayed cool, and were used for storage and cooking.
Perhaps the image which most readily comes to mind with the idea of colonial style house plans is Georgian colonial style, which was popular in New England and the mid-Atlantic areas of North America from the 1720’s to the 1780’s. The defining features of Georgian-style architecture are the symmetrical, square shape; central doorway, often with a decorative crown over the door and flattened columns on either side of it; and the straight lines of windows on the two stories. The doorway opens upon an entryway which leads to a hall and stairway which divide the house in two, with rooms branching off on either side from these. Usually Georgian houses were made of brick with wooden trim, with columns painted white. There are usually one, or perhaps two chimneys. The ground floor of Georgian houses has formally defined dining room, living room, and occasionally family room areas, with bedroom on the second floor.
The current upsurge of interest in colonial house plans includes the entire range of colonial style house plans, from English Georgian style to the Southwest historic Spanish revival house plans.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/2268869

Plean Floor an Tí Bán Cuartéis Maireachtála. Áirítear ar ailtireacht phleananna tí coilíneach Mheiriceá go leor stíleanna dearadh lena n-áirítear an Chéad Ré (deireadh na Meánaoise) Béarla, coilíneach Spáinneach, coilíneach na Fraince, agus coilíneach na Seorgáise. Bhí na stíleanna ailtireachta seo i mbéal oibre do theachanna, do thogais rialtais, agus do eaglaisí ó thús na 1600idí go dtí lár na 1800idí. Bhí na lonnaíochtaí Béarla is luaithe ag Jamestown, Virginia i 1607 agus ag Plymouth, Massachusetts i 1620, ina samhlacha de thógáil coilíneach níos déanaí ar feadh chósta thoir Mheiriceá. De ghnáth bíonn sonraí a bhaineann le tréimhse na Meánaoise i bhfoirgneamh luath na Sasana mar dhátaí géara, ceimice lárnach ollmhór, fuinneoga beaga (mar gheall ar easpa gloine sna coilíneachtaí) agus ornáiriú íosta.
An stair Spáinnis athbheochan teach pleananna scaipthe leis an chéad Spáinnis lonnaíochtaí i Meicsiceo agus an Mhuir Chairib. Sna Stáit Aontaithe, is é an stíl coilíneach Spáinneach is fearr a thaispeántar i St. Augustine, Florida, is é an chathair is sine bunaithe sna Stáit Aontaithe, tar éis a bheith bunaithe i 1565. Bhí na tithe coiteann sa bhaile seo clúdaithe taobh amuigh le múnla liopaí; de ghnáth dhá shraith ar airde, bhí páistí acu le haghaidh gaoth fuar aer lasmuigh sa chlima te Florida. D'fhorbair an stíl seo freisin i ndeisceart Mheiriceá agus i California, mar a bhunaigh sagart na Spáinne misin ar feadh chósta an Aigéin Chiúin idir 1769 agus 1823.
Scaoileadh stíl choilíneach na Fraince i gceantair Mheiriceá Thuaidh a shocraigh na Fraince, ag tosú i 1608 le Quebec, agus i 1718 le New Orleans, Louisiana. Scaiptear lonnaíochtaí eile ar feadh gleann Mississippi suas go Missouri. Tugtar poteaux-en-terre ar na tithe ar an stíl coilíneach Fraincis, agus déantar iad de chnoic chédra trom a shuiteáiltear go seasamh sa talamh. Tá gallanna (porches) timpeall orthu chun suí amuigh sa samhradh te. Faoi na 1770í d'fhorbair stíl choilíneach na Fraince go bríquette-entre-poteaux, rud a chiallaíonn bríoga beaga a chuirtear idir post, a bhfuil saintréithe ag tithe i gceantar stairiúil New Orleans. I gceantair ina raibh tuile coitianta, d'fhorbair an stíl chottage ardaithe, le tithe a tógadh ar bharr ballaí bríce ardaithe chun iad a chosaint ó uisce le linn tuile. I tréimhsí tirim d'fhan na seoltaí seo fionnuar, agus baineadh úsáid as chun iad a stóráil agus a chócaireacht.
B'fhéidir gurb é an íomhá is éasca a thagann chun cuimhne le smaoineamh ar phleananna tí stíl choilíneach stíl choilíneach Seorgáis, a bhí tóir air i Sasana Nua agus i gceantair mheán-Atrialacha Mheiriceá Thuaidh ó na 1720idí go dtí na 1780idí. Is iad na gnéithe sainitheacha a bhaineann le hailtireacht stíl Seorgánach ná an cruth cearnach siméadrach; doras lárnach, go minic le coróin maisiúil thar an doras agus colúin phlátaithe ar gach taobh de; agus na línte díreach de fhuinneoga ar an dá scéal. Osclaítear an doras ar iontráil a thugann isteach ar halla agus staighre a roinneann an teach ina dhá chuid, le seomraí a bhrainseann ar gach taobh díobh seo. De ghnáth, bhí tithe na Seorgáine déanta as bríce le troscán adhmaid, agus colúin péinteáilte bán. De ghnáth bíonn ceann amháin, nó b'fhéidir dhá chimney ann. Tá limistéir seomra bia, seomra suí, agus uaireanta seomra teaghlaigh sainithe go foirmiúil ag an urlár talún de theachanna Seorgaiseacha, agus seomra leapa sa dara hurlár.
Áirítear ar an ardú reatha spéise i bpleananna tí coilíneachta an raon iomlán de phleananna tí stíl choilíneachta, ó stíl Seoránach Béarla go pláiníní tí athbheochan stairiúil na Spáinne i ndeisceart an Iarthair.
Foinse: http://EzineArticles.com/2268869


Ann's Story: 1747
This delightful children's book is based on Ann McKenzie, a real girl who lived in 18th-century Williamsburg. Nine-year-old Ann needs to start behaving like a proper young lady, learning to knit, cook, and manage a household, but she would rather assist her father, Dr. McKenzie, with his patients. Historical notes on Williamsburg, childhood, and medicine in the colonial period are incorporated in the story. By award-winning author Joan Lowery Nixon.
- Young Americans Book SeriesColonial Williamsburg Children Tell Their Stories
- Historical Fiction
- Recipe Included
- Grades 4-6
- 160 pages
- Teacher and Student Approved
2 Reviews Hide Reviews Show Reviews
My granddaughters are very excited about this book after receiving Marie's Story previously.
A great story about a an eight-year-old girl who wanted to be a doctor, but in her era, it was not possible. I like the educational pages separate from the story that tell the reader about Williamsburg's history . The story tells of a girl and her family living in Williamsburg in 1747, and uses accurate historical facts as to how a family may have lived at that time. Nice story.

Scéal Ann: 1747
Tá an leabhar álainn seo do leanaí bunaithe ar Ann McKenzie, cailín fíor a bhí ina gcónaí i Williamsburg sa 18ú haois. Ní mór do Ann naoi mbliana d'aois tosú ag iompar mar bhean óg cuí, ag foghlaim a bheith ag croitheadh, ag cócaireacht, agus ag tabhairt aire do theach, ach b'fhearr léi cabhrú lena hathair, an Dr. McKenzie, lena chuid othair. Tá nótaí stairiúla ar Williamsburg, óige, agus leigheas sa tréimhse choilíneach ionchorpraithe sa scéal. Le húdar a bhuaigh duaiseanna, Joan Lowery Nixon.
- Sraith Leabhair Óga Mheiriceánaigh Colonial Williamsburg Children Tell Their Stories
- Ficsean Stairiúil
- Tá an t-oideas san áireamh
- Gráid 4-6
- 160 leathanach
- Múinteoir agus Mac Léinn Cheadaithe
2 Athbhreithnithe Athbhreithnithe a Iompar Taispeáin Athbhreithnithe
Tá mo chlann-nínn ag súil go mór leis an leabhar seo tar éis dóibh Marie's Story a fháil roimhe seo.
Scéal iontach faoi cailín ocht mbliana d'aois a bhí ag iarraidh a bheith ina dochtúir, ach ina ré, ní raibh sé indéanta. Is maith liom na leathanaigh oideachais ar leithligh ón scéal a insíonn don léitheoir faoi stair Williamsburg. Insíonn an scéal faoi chailín agus a teaghlach a bhí ina gcónaí i Williamsburg i 1747, agus úsáideann sé fíricí cruinn stairiúla maidir le conas a d'fhéadfadh teaghlach a bheith ina gcónaí ag an am sin. Scéal deas.


With the E-waste Race, primary schools compete with electronic waste. Our project saves almost half a million devices every year from ending in the landfill. Click here to see how we do that!
Kids participating in the Textile Race get to work in their neighbourhoods to keep as much textiles as possible in the textile cycle. Check here how we do that!
Many complex problems surrounding the circular economy and climate change exist today. Despite the fact that these problems are big, we can still make a difference with small steps. It is a lot of fun and very motivating to work towards our new future. A new future in which we are good to each other and to the planet. Race Against Waste teaches children and adults in a fun and practical way how they can contribute to this new future. Click here to check out the impact we make!
We are an impact-driven team with a big heart for circularity and sustainability. By enthusiastically spreading our circular message, we inspire others to make more sustainable choices. In this way we take everyone with us in the journey to transition to a circular economy! Check out our impact!
In addition to telling everyone our story, we take action! During our projects we work with easy, practical and sustainable solutions. These solutions are enacted together with schools, with local residents, with our partners, with municipalities and with everyone else who wants to participate. We make our promotions fun and easy, which is how we make positive impact and ensure lasting behavioral change! Click here to see the impact we make!

Leis an E-Waste Race, tá bunscoileanna ag dul san iomaíocht le dramhaíl leictreonach. Sábhálann ár dtionscadal beagnach leath mhilliún feiste gach bliain ó bheith ag críochnú sa líonadh talún. Cliceáil anseo chun a fheiceáil conas a dhéanaimid é sin!
Bíonn páistí a ghlacann páirt sa Rás Téacsaíl ag obair ina gceantair chun an oiread téacsaíl agus is féidir a choinneáil sa timthriall téacsaíl. Féach anseo conas a dhéanaimid sin!
Tá go leor fadhbanna casta ann inniu a bhaineann leis an ngeilleagar ciorclach agus le hathrú aeráide. In ainneoin na fírinne go bhfuil na fadhbanna seo mór, is féidir linn difríocht a dhéanamh le céimeanna beaga. Tá sé an-spraoi agus an-spreagtha ag obair i dtreo ár dtodhchaí nua. Todhchaí nua ina mbeidh muid go maith lena chéile agus leis an bpláinéad. Múineann Rás i gcoinne Dramhaíl do leanaí agus do dhaoine fásta ar bhealach spraíúil agus praiticiúil conas is féidir leo cur leis an todhchaí nua seo. Cliceáil anseo chun an tionchar a dhéanaimid a sheiceáil!
Tá foireann againn a bhfuil tionchar ag baint léi agus a bhfuil croí mór againn maidir le ciorclaíocht agus inbhuanaitheacht. Trí ár dteachtaireacht chiorclach a scaipeadh go díograiseach, spreagann muid daoine eile chun roghanna níos inbhuanaithe a dhéanamh. Ar an mbealach seo glacann muid gach duine linn sa turas chun aistriú go geilleagar ciorclach! Seiceáil ár tionchar!
Chomh maith le ár scéal a insint do gach duine, glacann muid gníomh! Le linn ár dtionscadal, oibrímid le réitigh éasca, praiticiúla agus inbhuanaithe. Déantar na réitigh seo a chur i bhfeidhm i gcomhar leis na scoileanna, leis na cónaitheoirí áitiúla, lenár gcomhpháirtithe, leis na bardais agus le gach duine eile ar mian leo páirt a ghlacadh. Déanaimid ár n-ardú spraoi agus éasca, agus is é sin an chaoi a ndéanaimid tionchar dearfach agus a chinntiú athruithe iompraíochta buan! Cliceáil anseo chun an tionchar a dhéanaimid a fheiceáil!