Tygerberg Hospital celebrated World Read Aloud Day on Wednesday February 24 to raise awareness about the benefits of reading aloud to children.
Medical staff and parents of little patients were encouraged to read to children on the day.
Linking literacy and health offered a chance for early intervention and empowerment of parents, said Dr Miemie du Preez, senior pediatric consultant at Tygerberg Hospital.
She said apart from nurturing a love for books, reading aloud helped parents and children to interact, develop a connection and have fun.
“Shared reading in the hospital keeps boredom at bay and creates an escape from suffering and illness. It nurtures imagination. I look forward to a future where parents at Tygerberg Hospital are told about the joy, fun and art of reading to their babies and children in their native language,” said Dr Du Preez.
Each child admitted to Tygerberg on the day received reading material, and doctors and nurses read aloud from 12.30pm.
“Research has shown shared reading before 18 months of age is one of the best predictors of a child’s academic success. What makes this intervention so novel is that studies have shown that the most disadvantaged children show the most gain in cognitive development and increased vocabulary, if read to regularly.
“Regular shared reading can positively change the structure of the developing brain,” said Dr Du Preez.
But she said shared reading was not possible if parents did not have access to books.
“We believe books are as important to our children’s future as breastmilk, immunisations and access to healthcare. We cannot do without them. I encourage every parent to use today as an opportunity to ignite a love for reading in their children,” said Dr Du Preez.

Ceiliúradh in Ospidéal Tygerberg Lá Domhanda Léitheoireachta ar an 24 Feabhra chun feasacht a ardú faoi na buntáistí a bhaineann le léamh ar ard do leanaí.
Spreagadh foirne leighis agus tuismitheoirí na n-othair bheaga chun léamh do leanaí an lá.
D'fhógair an Dr Miemie du Preez, comhairleoir sinsearach páistí in Ospidéal Tygerberg, gur deis a bhí ann idirghabháil luath agus cumhachtú na dtuismitheoirí a bhaint amach trí litearthacht agus sláinte a nascadh.
Dúirt sí seachas grá a chothú do leabhair, go raibh léamh ar ardán ag cabhrú le tuismitheoirí agus le páistí idirghníomhú, nasc a fhorbairt agus spraoi a bheith acu.
 Coinníonn léamh roinnte san ospidéal an t-easpa torann ar shiúl agus cruthaíonn sé éalú ó fhulaingt agus ó ghalair. Cuireann sé samhlaíocht ar bun. Táim ag súil go mór le todhchaí ina dtabharfar le tuismitheoirí in Ospidéal Tygerberg eolas faoi na háthas, an spraoi agus an ealaín a bhaineann le léamh a gcuid leanaí agus leanaí ina dteanga dhúchais", a dúirt an Dr Du Preez.
Fuair gach leanbh a tugadh isteach go Tygerberg an lá sin ábhar léitheoireachta, agus léigh dochtúirí agus altraí go hard ó 12.30pm.
Tá sé léirithe ag taighde go bhfuil léamh comhroinnte roimh 18 mhí d'aois ar cheann de na réamhaithritheoirí is fearr ar rath acadúil leanbh. Is é an rud a dhéanann an idirghabháil seo chomh nua-aimseartha ná go bhfuil sé léirithe ag staidéir go léiríonn na páistí is mó faoi mhíbhuntáiste an t-ardú is mó i bhforbairt chognaíoch agus i bhfocalraic méadaithe, má léitear leo go rialta.
Is féidir le léamh comhroinnte rialta struchtúr an inchinn atá ag forbairt a athrú go dearfach,a dúirt an Dr Du Preez.
Ach dúirt sí nach raibh léamh comhroinnte indéanta mura raibh rochtain ag tuismitheoirí ar leabhair.
Creidimid go bhfuil leabhair chomh tábhachtach do thodhchaí ár bpáistí le bainne cíche, imdhíonaíochtaí agus rochtain ar chúram sláinte. Ní féidir linn a dhéanamh gan iad. Molaim do gach tuismitheoir an lá inniu a úsáid mar dheis chun grá a chur lena leanaí don léitheoireacht, a dúirt an Dr Du Preez.


What is Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence is a division of computer science that strives to replicate or simulate human intelligence in a machine, so that machines can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. Some programmable functions of AI systems include planning, learning, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making.
Types of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Let us now take a deeper look!
Type 1- On the basis of Capabilities
Narrow or Week AI
Artificial Narrow Intelligence, also known as ‘week AI’ is one of the most frequently experienced types of AI. It is something that the tech world has accomplished. Every AI machine we see and use today belongs to this field, which operates under constrains. For exemplar, voice recognition AI is used to predict people’s voice based on the dataset it is trained with. Apple Siriis is a perfect example of Narrow AI, but it operates with a limited pre-defined range of functions. The deep learning model comprises the ‘Limited Memory’ type and similar tasks could be a case of ‘Reactive Machines.’ Some Examples of Narrow AI are playing chess, purchasing suggestions on e-commerce site, self-driving cars, speech recognition, and image recognition.
Artificial General Intelligence, also known as ‘strong AI’ allows a machine to apply knowledge and skills in different contexts. The notion behind the general AI to make such a system which could be smarter and think like a human by its own. This more closely mirrors human intelligence by providing opportunities for autonomous learning and problem-solving.
Artificial Super Intelligence is more advanced than ‘strong AI’ which could end the human race. It will not only duplicate the multi-faceted intelligence of human beings but will be exceptionally better at everything. The ASI will be designed with better memory, faster data processing and analysis, and decision-making capabilities.
Some key characteristics of strong AI include capability include the ability to think, to reason, solve the puzzle, make judgments, plan, learn, and communicate by its own.
Type 2- On the basis of Functionalities
Reactive machines are the most basic types of AI systems that perceive the world directly and act on what it sees. The computer is purely reactive, and neither has to form memory nor to use past experience. Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future actions. These machines only concentrate on current scenarios and react on it as per possible best action. Some examples of this include IBM’s Deep Blue system and Google’s AlphaGo
Limited memory machines are exact copy of reactive machines added with historical data which will help them take decisions. Majority of machines that we use today are limited memory machines, which are powered by datasets. AI systems use deep learning and are trained by large volumes of data that they store in their memory to form a reference model for solving future problems. Self-driving cars are one of the best exemplars of Limited Memory systems. These cars can store recent speed of nearby cars, the distance of other cars, speed limit, and other information to navigate the road.
Theory of mind
The theory of mind machines characterizes an advanced class of technology and exists only as a concept. This kind of AI requires a comprehensive understanding of people’s and thing’s feelings and behavior within an environment. This AI type is a critical technological improvement that sorts people’s emotions, sentiments, and thoughts. Even though many improvements are made to reach this stage of AI, it is not fully completed.
Self-aware AI is the exact thing that is portrayed in AI-movies. The essential AI robots that think on their own and destroy humans is the ideology-driven from self-aware AI. Great tech personalities like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking’s have constantly warned us about the evolution of AI which could reach the self-aware stage. Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will be super intelligent, and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, and self-awareness. This concept does not exist in reality yet and is presently a hypothetical concept.

Cad é Fléasanna Artificial?
Is rannán de eolaíocht ríomhaireachta é Fléasanna Artificial a dhéanann iarracht intleacht an duine a athdhéanamh nó a shamhlú i mheaisín, ionas gur féidir le meaisíní tascanna a dhéanamh a éilíonn intleacht an duine de ghnáth. I measc roinnt feidhmeanna cláraithe de chórais AI tá pleanáil, foghlaim, réasúnaíocht, réiteach fadhbanna, agus cinnteoireacht.
Cineálacha Gléas Artificial (AI)
Déanaimis breathnú níos doimhne anois!
Cineál 1- Ar bhonn Cumas
AI Éasca nó Seachtain
Tá an t-Intleacht Éadrom Artificial, ar a dtugtar freisin week AI ar cheann de na cineálacha AI is minice a bhíonn taithí acu. Is rud é a bhfuil an domhan teicneolaíochta bainte amach. Tá gach meaisín AI a fheiceann agus a úsáideann muid inniu ina chuid den réimse seo, a oibríonn faoi shrianta. Mar shampla, úsáidtear AI aitheantais gutha chun guth daoine a thuar bunaithe ar an tacar sonraí a bhfuil oiliúint á dhéanamh air. Is sampla foirfe de AI Éasca é Apple Siriis, ach oibríonn sé le raon teoranta feidhmeanna réamhshainithe. Is éard atá sa mhúnla foghlama domhain ná an cineál  Cuimhne teoranta agus d'fhéadfadh tascanna den chineál céanna a bheith i gcás  Mheaisíní imoibritheacha. Tá roinnt samplaí de AI Teann ag imirt cló, ag moladh ceannach ar shuíomh ríomhthráchtála, gluaisteáin féin-thiomána, aitheantas cainte, agus aitheantas íomhá.
Ligeann Ghnóthaí Ghnó, ar a dtugtar freisin AI láidir, do mheaisín eolas agus scileanna a chur i bhfeidhm i gcomhthéacsanna éagsúla. An coincheap taobh thiar den AI ginearálta a dhéanamh ar an gcóras den sórt sin a d'fhéadfadh a bheith níos cliste agus smaoineamh cosúil le duine dá chuid féin. Léiríonn sé seo níos dlúithe intleacht an duine trí dheiseanna a sholáthar do fhoghlaim uathrialach agus do réiteach fadhbanna.
Tá Super Intelligence Artificial níos airde ná  strong AI  a d'fhéadfadh deireadh a chur leis an gcine daonna. Ní hamháin go ndéanfaidh sé an intleacht ilghnéitheach atá ag daoine a dhúbailt ach beidh sé thar a bheith níos fearr i ngach rud. Dearfar an ASI le cuimhne níos fearr, próiseáil agus anailís sonraí níos tapúla, agus cumas cinnteoireachta.
I measc na príomhthréithe atá ag AI láidir tá an cumas chun smaoineamh, réasún a dhéanamh, an phléas a réiteach, breithiúnas a dhéanamh, pleanáil, foghlaim agus cumarsáid a dhéanamh leis féin.
Cineál 2- Ar bhonn Feidhmiúlachtaí
Is iad meaisíní imoibritheacha na cineálacha is bunúsaí de chórais AI a fheiceann an domhan go díreach agus a ghníomhaíonn ar a fheiceann sé. Tá an ríomhaire go hiomlán imoibritheach, agus ní gá dó cuimhne a fhoirmiú ná taithí a bhí aige roimhe a úsáid. Ní stórálann córais AI den sórt sin cuimhní nó eispéiris a bhí ann roimhe seo le haghaidh gníomhartha sa todhchaí. Ní dhíolann na meaisíní seo ach ar chásanna reatha agus ní dhéanann siad ach freagairt dóibh de réir an bhearta is fearr is féidir. I measc roinnt samplaí de seo tá córas Deep Blue IBM agus AlphaGo Google
Is cóip cheart de mheaisíní imoibritheacha iad meaisíní le cuimhne teoranta a chuirtear sonraí stairiúla leo a chabhróidh leo cinntí a dhéanamh. Is meaisíní cuimhne teoranta iad formhór na n-inneall a úsáideann muid inniu, a bhfuil sonraí acu. Baineann córais AI úsáid as foghlaim domhain agus tá siad oiliúnaithe ag méideanna móra sonraí a stórálann siad ina gcuimhne chun samhail tagartha a chruthú chun fadhbanna sa todhchaí a réiteach. Tá gluaisteáin féin-thiomána ar cheann de na samplaí is fearr de chórais Cuimhne teoranta. Is féidir leis na gluaisteáin seo luas reatha na gcarranna in aice láimhe, an fad ó gcarranna eile, an teorainn luas, agus faisnéis eile a stóráil chun an bóthar a nascleanúint.
Teoiric na meabhair
Tá an teoiric de mheaisíní intinne carachtar aicme ardteicneolaíochta agus níl ann ach mar choincheap. Éilíonn an cineál AI seo tuiscint chuimsitheach ar dhaoine agus ar rudaí mothúcháin agus iompar laistigh d' timpeallacht. Is feabhas teicneolaíoch ríthábhachtach é an cineál AI seo a shocraíonn mothúcháin, mothúcháin agus smaointe daoine. Cé go ndéantar go leor feabhsuithe chun an chéim seo de AI a bhaint amach, níl sé críochnaithe go hiomlán.
Is é AI féinfhiosach an rud céanna a léirítear i scannáin AI. Is é an róbat AI riachtanach a cheapann ar a gcuid féin agus a scriosann daoine an idé-eolaíocht a thiomáint ó AI féinfhiosach. Bhí daoine mór teicneolaíochta cosúil le Elon Musk agus Stephen Hawking ag rabhadh dúinn i gcónaí faoi éabhlóid AI a d'fhéadfadh céim féinfhiosach a bhaint amach. Is é AI féin-fhiosrúcháin todhchaí na hEalaíne Artificial. Beidh na meaisíní seo super-intleachtúil, agus beidh a n-eolas féin, mothúcháin, agus féin-fhiosrú. Níl an coincheap seo ann i ndáiríre go fóill agus is coincheap hipitéiseach é faoi láthair.


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I need help with a math problem for a group project in my class
Andrew has been driving toward home at a constant speed. After two hours, he is 100 miles from home. After three and a half hours, he is 25 miles from home.
How far from home was Andrew when he started driving?
1 Answer | Add Yours
Let x represent the distance between the starting point and home. Since the speed is constant, 2 hours times the speed in miles per hour will result in the miles traveled. Let s = speed. One equation for traveling 2 hours is: 2s=x-100. The distance is x-100 due to Andrew still being 100 miles from home.
The other equation for traveling 3.5 hours is: 3.5s=x-25. The distance is x-25 due to Andrew being 25 miles from home after 3.5 miles.
With two equations to work with: 2s=x-100 and 3.5s=x-25.
Solving the first equation for s: s=(x-100)/2 = (x/2) - 50.
Substitute x/2 - 50 for s in the second equation:
3.5(x/2 - 50) = x-25
1.75x - 175 = x - 25
Subtract x from both sides: .75x - 175 = -25
Add 175 to both sides: .75x = 150
Divide by .75 on both sides: x = 200
Andrew was 200 miles from home when he started driving.
To find his speed or rate, 2s = 200 - 100
2s = 100
s = 50
Andrew's constant rate is 50 miles per hour.
We’ve answered 324,353 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question

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Tá mé ag teastáil cabhair le fadhb matamaitice do thionscadal grúpa i mo rang
Bhí Andrew ag tiomáint i dtreo an tí ag luas leanúnach. Tar éis dhá uair an chloig, tá sé 100 míle ó bhaile. Tar éis trí uair an chloig go leith, tá sé 25 míle ó bhaile.
Cén fad a bhí Andrew ó bhaile nuair a thosaigh sé ag tiomáint?
1 Freagra. Cuir do chuid féin leis
Lig x a léiriú an fad idir an pointe tosaigh agus baile. Ós rud é go bhfuil an luas seasmhach, beidh 2 uair an chloig i míle in aghaidh na huaire mar thoradh ar na míle a thrasnaigh. Lig s = luas. Is é an t-aon chothromán le haghaidh taisteal 2 uair an chloig ná: 2s=x-100. Is é an fad x-100 mar gheall ar Andrew a bheith fós 100 míle ó bhaile.
Is é an chothromóid eile le haghaidh taisteal 3.5 uair an chloig: 3.5s=x-25. Is é an fad x-25 mar gheall ar Andrew a bheith 25 míle ó bhaile tar éis 3.5 míle.
Le dhá chothromóid le bheith ag obair leis: 2s=x-100 agus 3.5s=x-25.
An chéad chothromóid a réiteach do s: s=(x-100) / 2 = (x / 2) - 50.
Cuir x/2 - 50 in ionad s sa dara chothromóid:
3.5 (x/2 - 50) = x-25
1.75x - 175 = x - 25
Subtract x ó na taobhanna: .75x - 175 = -25
Cuir 175 leis an dá thaobh: .75x = 150
Roinn ar .75 ar an dá thaobh: x = 200
Bhí Andrew 200 míle ó bhaile nuair a thosaigh sé ag tiomáint.
Chun a luas nó ráta a fháil, 2s = 200 - 100
2s = 100
s = 50
Tá ráta rialta Andrew 50 míle san uair.
D'fhreagair muid 324,353 ceist. Is féidir linn do chuid freagraí a thabhairt freisin.


Now we have seen the end of summer, we now have to start thinking about the onset of winter and those long dark nights. Soon it will be that dreaded time of year, which we have to adjust the clocks for the winter.
Daylight saving time is when the clocks are temporarily advanced so the afternoons have more daylight, and the mornings have less. In the fall the clocks are adjusted back, and this was first done in 1895 after being suggested by George Vernon Hudson. Many countries still practice this today.
For people using BlackBerry devices this can be a problem as the device calendar could go out of sync, and this could mess up important dates for meetings and birthdays etc. To fix this owners should install the September 2010 DST update. This will ensure their device is displaying the correct time and date for the current location.
Was you affected by this update for BlackBerry devices?

Anois go bhfuil deireadh an tsamhraidh againn, ní mór dúinn tosú ag smaoineamh ar thús an gheimhridh agus na hoícheanta fada dorcha sin. Go luath beidh sé go feared am na bliana, a bhfuil muid a chur ar bun na cloigíní don gheimhreadh.
Is é am sábhála an lae nuair a bhíonn na cloigíní ar aghaidh go sealadach ionas go mbeidh níos mó solais lae i ndiaidh an lae, agus go mbeidh níos lú ag na maidne. Sa titim, déantar na cloganna a choigeartú ar ais, agus rinneadh é seo den chéad uair i 1895 tar éis do George Vernon Hudson é a mholadh. Is minic a dhéantar é seo i dtíortha go leor inniu.
I gcás daoine a úsáideann feistí BlackBerry d'fhéadfadh sé seo a bheith ina fhadhb mar d'fhéadfadh an féilire feiste dul as sioncróin, agus d'fhéadfadh sé seo dáta tábhachtacha a mess suas le haghaidh cruinnithe agus lá breithe etc. Chun é seo a shocrú ba cheart do úinéirí nuashonrú DST 2010 Mheán Fómhair a shuiteáil. Cinnteoidh sé seo go bhfuil an t-am agus an dáta ceart don áit reatha á thaispeáint ag a bhfeiste.
An ndearna an nuashonrú seo le haghaidh feistí BlackBerry difear duit?


To calculate the real gross domestic product, or GDP, per capita, which reflects the total output of the country, the gross domestic product should be divided by the population of the country. GDP can be calculated for any size of population, but it is often used for populations of countries.
The GDP is a direct indicator of the economy of a country and of the living standards of that country. It is indicative of the amount of money that people in the country make and the amount of items that the country is exporting. When the economy is in a recession, the GDP of that country will be lower as a result of people working less, needing fewer accommodations and producing fewer goods to be sent out to other areas. When the economy is good, people will spend more money on products, will often purchase more luxury products and industries will produce more products. The production of more products is a direct result of the demand that is set by the people of the country and can be a result of a higher number of citizens employed by the production company. When other countries are suffering from a recession, the GDP of countries that export to those countries can be affected as a result of a lower demand of goods.

Chun an táirge inmheánach iomlán, nó OTI, per capita a ríomh, a léiríonn táirgeadh iomlán na tíre, ba cheart an táirge inmheánach iomlán a roinnt ar dhaonra na tíre. Is féidir OTI a ríomh do aon mhéid daonra, ach is minic a úsáidtear é do dhaonra tíortha.
Is táscaire díreach é OTI ar gheilleagar tíre agus ar chaighdeáin mhaireachtála na tíre sin. Léiríonn sé cé mhéad airgid a dhéanann daoine sa tír agus cé mhéad earraí a n-onnmhairíonn an tír. Nuair a bhíonn an geilleagar i dtimthriall, beidh OTI na tíre sin níos ísle mar thoradh ar dhaoine a oibríonn níos lú, ag teastáil níos lú cóiríochta agus ag táirgeadh níos lú earraí le seoladh amach go ceantair eile. Nuair a bhíonn an geilleagar go maith, caithfidh daoine níos mó airgid ar tháirgí, is minic a cheannaíonn siad níos mó táirgí só agus déanfaidh tionscail níos mó táirgí a tháirgeadh. Is toradh díreach é táirgeadh níos mó táirgí ar an éileamh atá leagtha síos ag muintir na tíre agus d'fhéadfadh sé a bheith mar thoradh ar líon níos mó saoránach a fhostaíonn an chuideachta táirgthe. Nuair a bhíonn géarchéim ag tíortha eile, d'fhéadfadh tionchar a bheith ag an OTI i dtíortha a onnmhairíonn chuig na tíortha sin mar thoradh ar éileamh níos ísle ar earraí.


On December 6, the EastWest Institute and the European Parliament hosted the first Global Conference on Preventive Action. The conference was, in large part, focused on a specific question: how can we raise the political will to support conflict prevention?
Currently, governments and the United Nations devote a great deal of resources to peacekeeping, but not necessarily to conflict prevention. According to many conference speakers, this gap in spending is the result of a lack of public awareness about the importance of preventive action – and the consequences are dire.
“In the 1990’s, twice as many wars started around the world as the 1980s, meaning if preventive action was being practiced in this period, it had no effect,” said Andrew Mack, Director of the Human Security Report. Mack concluded that that public spending on and coordination of preventive action has been inadequate, particularly in the United Nations.
Nick Mabey, advisor to former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and keynote speaker, points out that it’s often hard to get people to care about “small wars far away.” For Mabey, the key to achieving stronger preventive action is getting people to care about it – that is, to winning a public battle of ideas, as the environmental movement has largely done with global warming.
“Advocates of preventive action need to reach out and participate more forcefully and convincingly in mainstream security and foreign policy fora,” said Mabey.
Mabey proposed that, proposed that to help show the value of preventive action, a mechanism for credible, independent risk assessment and monitoring should be established: “If well managed, such a process would provide a critical way of stimulating media and political interest and emerging crises.”
In other words, advocates must find a way to show that public that by monitoring elections or sponsoring campaigns for peace early on, money – and lives – can be saved in the long run.

Ar an 6 Nollaig, d'óstáil Institiúid EastWest agus Parlaimint na hEorpa an chéad Chomhdháil Domhanda ar Gníomh Coscála. Bhí an chomhdháil dírithe go mór ar cheist shonracha: conas is féidir linn an toil pholaitiúil a ardú chun tacú le coinbhleacht a chosc?
Faoi láthair, tugann rialtais agus na Náisiúin Aontaithe go leor acmhainní do choimeád síochána, ach ní gá go gcuirfí cosc ar choimhlint orthu. De réir go leor cainteoirí comhdhála, is é an bhearna seo i gcaiteachas toradh easpa feasachta an phobail maidir le tábhacht na gníomhaíochta coisctheach  agus tá na hiarmhairtí uafásach.
Sa 1990idí, thosaigh dhá oiread cogaí ar fud an domhain ná sa 1980idí, rud a chiallaíonn más rud é go raibh gníomhaíocht choscála á chleachtadh sa tréimhse seo, ní raibh aon éifeacht aici,a dúirt Andrew Mack, Stiúrthóir na Tuarascála um Slándáil Daonna. Tháinig Mack chun na críche go raibh caiteachas poiblí ar ghníomhaíocht chosc agus comhordú neamhleor, go háirithe sna Náisiúin Aontaithe.
Tugann Nick Mabey, comhairleoir le Sean-Phríomh-Aire na Breataine Tony Blair agus príomh-chainteoir, le fios go bhfuil sé deacair go minic daoine a chur ag tabhairt aire do 'chogaí beaga i bhfad i gcéin'.
Caithfidh lucht a bhfuil ag tacú le gníomh coisctheach dul i dteagmháil agus páirt a ghlacadh níos láidre agus níos cinnte i bhformhór na n-ardchúrsaí slándála agus na mbeartas eachtrach,a dúirt Mabey.
Mhol Mabey, agus mhol sé, go mbeadh sé de chuspóir meicníocht a bhunú le haghaidh measúnú agus faireachán riosca iontaofa, neamhspleách chun cabhrú le luach gníomhaíochta coiscthe a thaispeáint: Má bhainistítear go maith, bheadh próiseas den sórt sin ina bhealach ríthábhachtach chun spéis na meán agus na polaitíochta agus géarchéimeanna atá ag teacht chun cinn a spreagadh.
Is é sin le rá, ní mór do lucht tacaíochta bealach a aimsiú chun a thaispeáint don phobal sin gur féidir airgead  agus beatha  a shábháil san fhadtréimhse trí fhéachaint ar thoghcháin nó ag urramú feachtais don tsíocháin go luath.


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Sequencing of Mitochondrial Genomes of Nine Aspergillus and Penicillium Species Identifies Mobile Introns and Accessory Genes as Main Sources of Genome Size Variability.
BMC Genomics. 2012 Sep 01; 13: 698.
The genera Aspergillus and Penicillium include some of the most beneficial as well as the most harmful fungal species such as the penicillin-producer Penicillium chrysogenum and the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. Their mitochondrial genomic sequences may hold vital clues into the mechanisms of their evolution, population genetics, and biology, yet only a handful of these genomes have been fully sequenced and annotated.

Joardar V, Abrams NF, Hostetler J, Paukstelis PJ, Pakala S, Pakala SB, Zafar N, Abolude OO, Payne G, Andrianopoulos A, Denning DW, Nierman WC
Léiríonn seicheamh na ngineamhacha mithochondrialacha de naoi speiceas Aspergillus agus Penicillium introns soghluaiste agus géiní gabhálacha mar phríomhfhoinsí éagsúlachta méid an ghineam.
BMC Ghnóimic. 2012 Sep 01; 13: 698.
I measc na gcineálacha Aspergillus agus Penicillium tá cuid de na speicis fungais is tairbheach chomh maith leis na speicis fungais is díobhálacha amhail an penicillin-táirgeoir Penicillium chrysogenum agus an pathogen daonna Aspergillus fumigatus, faoi seach. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh leideanna ríthábhachtacha ag a n-iarsmaí géinimiciúla miotóchondrialacha maidir le meicníochtaí a n-eabhlóid, géineolaíocht daonra, agus bitheolaíocht, ach níl ach dornán de na géinimi seo curtha i riocht go hiomlán agus curtha in iúl.


Strabismus is the medical term for misalignment of the eyes. One eye may be directed straight ahead while the other is turned inward (esotropia), outward (exotropia), upward (hypertropia), or downward (hypotropia). The misalignment may always be noticeable, or it may come and go. The misaligned eye may straighten at times and the straight eye may turn. Strabismus can occur in newborn babies, but it is more likely to appear later in infancy or early childhood. It can also occur in older children and adults. If treatment of strabismus is delayed, amblyopia (lazy eye) may develop, leading to loss of vision in the eye that is not being used. Strabismus is caused, or partially caused, by errors of refraction (the way light enters the eye), illness, injury or heredity.
An eye that is not straight; squinting one eye in bright sunlight; tilting the head in a specific direction; signs of faulty depth perception such as bumping into things; double vision in adults who have strabismus
Covering or patching the good eye, eyeglasses, exercises in some cases
Botulinum Toxin (Botox)

Is é Strabismus an téarma leighis le haghaidh mí-ailíneacht na súl. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh súil amháin dírithe go díreach ar aghaidh agus an ceann eile i dtreo istigh (esotropia), amach (exotropia), suas (hypertropia), nó síos (hypotropia). D'fhéadfadh an mí-ailéirge a bheith le feiceáil i gcónaí, nó d'fhéadfadh sé teacht agus imeacht. D'fhéadfadh an tsúil mhí-ailíniú a dhíreadh uaireanta agus d'fhéadfadh an tsúil dhíreach a thiontú. Is féidir le strabismus tarlú i leanaí nuabheirthe, ach is dóichí go nochtfaidh sé níos déanaí i mblianta nó go luath sa pháiste. Is féidir é a bheith i leanaí níos sine agus in aosaigh freisin. Má dhéantar cóireáil strabismus a mhoilliú, d'fhéadfadh amblyopia (súil leisce) a fhorbairt, rud a fhágann go gcailltear an radharc san tsúil nach bhfuil á úsáid. Tá strabismus mar thoradh, nó go páirteach mar thoradh, ar earráidí athshruthaithe (an bealach a théann an solas isteach sa tsúil), galar, díobháil nó oidhreacht.
Súil nach bhfuil díreach; súile a shíníonn ar shúil amháin i solas geal na gréine; an ceann a dhíscaoileadh i dtreo ar leith; comharthaí de mheabhrúchán domhain earráideach amhail bualadh i rudaí; fís dhúbailte i ndaoine fásta a bhfuil strabismus orthu
Ag clúdach nó ag plódaíocht an tsúil shláintiúil, spéaclaí, cleachtaí i gcásanna áirithe
Tocsain Botulinum (Botox)


Comparing Akan vs Hindi countries gives you idea about number of countries that speak Akan and Hindi languages.
So we find that, total number of countries where Akan is official language is 2 whereas total number of countries where Hindi is official language is 2
Find if Akan and Hindi are Most Spoken Languages. Comparison of Akan and Hindi speaking countries will give you the presence of Akan and Hindi languages in different countries. Along with Akan vs Hindi countries, you can also compare Akan vs Hindi.
In Akan and Hindi speaking countries you will get the countries which have Akan and Hindi as minority language. The language which is spoken by minority of population in the country is called as minority language.
If you want to compare Akan and Hindi dialects, then you can go to Akan vs Hindi Dialects. Some of the official languages are also considered as minority languages.
Akan and Hindi speaking countries provide you Akan and Hindi regulators which are the official organizations that regulate them. Akan Orthography Committee regulates Akan language.Hindi is regulated by Central Hindi Directorate. Also get to learn, Akan and Hindi Language History.
Thinking about Akan and Hindi continents in which Akan and Hindi speaking countries are present. Check out more information on Akan and Hindi. Most of the Akan speaking countries lie in Africa. While Hindi speaking countries lie in Asia, Oceania. Continentwise, most of the languages belong to Asian Languages and African Languages. It's always fun to know about interesting facts of any language, so lets discuss about unknown facts of Akan and Hindi languages:
Akan Interesting Facts:
Hindi Interesting Facts:
The Akan language was derived from Not Available and is similar to Not Available whereas Akan language is similar to Urdu and derived from Sanskrit Language.
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Ag comparáid Akan vs Hindi tíortha tugann tú smaoineamh faoi líon na dtíortha a labhraíonn Akan agus teangacha Hindi.
Mar sin, faighimid go bhfuil, líon iomlán na dtíortha ina bhfuil Akan teanga oifigiúil 2 cé go bhfuil líon iomlán na dtíortha ina bhfuil Hindi teanga oifigiúil 2
Faigh amach an bhfuil an chuid is mó de na teangacha a labhraítear i Akan agus Hindi. Tabharfaidh comparáid idir tíortha a labhraíonn Akan agus Hindi duit láithreacht na dteangacha Akan agus Hindi i dtíortha éagsúla. Chomh maith le tíortha Akan vs Hindi, is féidir leat Akan vs Hindi a chur i gcomparáid freisin.
I dtíortha a labhraíonn Akan agus Hindi gheobhaidh tú na tíortha a bhfuil Akan agus Hindi mar theanga mionlaigh acu. Tugtar teanga mhionlaigh ar an teanga a labhraíonn mionlach an daonra sa tír.
Más mian leat a chur i gcomparáid Akan agus Hindi dialachtaí, ansin is féidir leat dul go Akan vs Hindi Dialects. Meastar go bhfuil cuid de na teangacha oifigiúla mar theangacha mionlaigh freisin.
Tugann tíortha a labhraíonn Akan agus Hindi rialálaithe Akan agus Hindi duit is iad sin na heagraíochtaí oifigiúla a rialaíonn iad. Rialaíonn Coiste Orthography Akan teanga Akan. Rialaíonn Stiúrthóireacht Lár Hindi Hindi Hindi. Foghlaim freisin, Stair na dTeangacha Akan agus Hindi.
Ag smaoineamh ar mhór-roinn Akan agus Hindi ina bhfuil tíortha Akan agus Hindi ag labhairt i láthair. Féach tuilleadh eolais ar Akan agus Hindi. Tá an chuid is mó de na tíortha ina labhraítear Akan i bhFrainc. Cé go bhfuil tíortha ina labhraítear an Hindis san Áise, san Aigéan. De réir an mhór-roinn, baineann an chuid is mó de na teangacha le Teangacha na hÁise agus Teangacha na hAfraice. Is spraoi i gcónaí eolas a fháil ar fhíricí suimiúla d'aon teanga, mar sin déanaimis plé ar fhíricí anaithnid faoi theangacha Akan agus Hindi:
Fíricí Suimiúla Akan:
Fíricí Suimiúla:
Ba é an teanga Akan a tháinig ó Not Available agus tá sé cosúil le Not Available ach tá teanga Akan cosúil le Urdu agus a tháinig ó Theanga Sanscrait.
© 2015-2021. Fiontar softUsvista!


Glasses for Infants and Children
Glasses are prescribed for children to improve vision as well as to prevent and treat Amblyopia. They may also be prescribed to help correct or reduce the size of a strabismus
Testing your child for glasses
Your baby’s eyes can be tested even before he or she is able to give a verbal response. By dilating your baby’s pupil, the ophthalmologist can look at the retina using an instrument called a retinoscope. Lenses of varying power are then placed in front of the eye in order to assess the correct strength required.
Choosing glasses for your child
Buying glasses for your child is an important purchase. Glasses need to fit well on your child’s face so time must be taken to carefully select the most appropriate pair. Choose an optical dispensing shop that has a good selection of children’s frames and takes the time to help you with your selection. The optician should help advise you on the frames that best suit your child’s prescription, age and facial features. Because most children have relatively flat nasal bridges, glasses can easily slide down a child’s nose, so special attention is required when fitting the frames to prevent this. It is also important to consider that most children will bend and damage their frames on more than one occasion. Therefore, you need to make sure that the frame selected can withstand this type of handling.
Management of eye problems in children is often dependent on the glasses being worn correctly. Glasses shouldn’t slip down the nose or allow peeping over the top. Glasses that fit well enable your child to look through the centre of the lenses at all times and this assists the visual development. Good care of the glasses is important to prevent them from being scratched or bent out of shape. As such, glasses should be kept in a solid case when not being worn.
What to expect when glasses are worn for the first time
Tolerance of glasses can be dependent on the age at which they are first introduced. Children should be encouraged to wear their glasses as much as possible. Sometimes you may need to gradually build up the wearing time. Most children who need glasses adapt to wearing them quite well. Don’t get into a tug of war with your child. Try and distract him or her after you put the glasses on. If you child removes them put them back on. If it happens again put the glasses aside and try again later.
If you have any concern regarding the newly prescribed glasses, then you should contact us as soon as possible to make an earlier review appointment. We will routinely check the glasses prescription every 12 months to ensure that they are the correct strength.

Glasraí do Naíonáin agus do Leanaí
Tá spéaclaí forordaithe do leanaí chun fís a fheabhsú chomh maith le Amblyopia a chosc agus a chóireáil. D'fhéadfadh go gcuirfí iad i bhfeidhm freisin chun cabhrú le strabismus a cheartú nó a laghdú
Ag tástáil do pháiste le haghaidh spéaclaí
Is féidir súile do pháiste a thástáil fiú sula mbeidh sé nó sí in ann freagra béil a thabhairt. Trí pupil do leanbh a leathnú, is féidir leis an octalmólóg breathnú ar an retina ag baint úsáide as ionstraim ar a dtugtar retinoscope. Cuirtear lionsaí de chumhacht éagsúil os comhair an tsúil chun an neart ceart is gá a mheas.
Glainneacha a roghnú do do pháiste
Is ceannach tábhachtach é gloine a cheannach do do leanbh. Ní mór do shúile a bheith oiriúnach go maith ar aghaidh do pháiste agus mar sin ní mór am a thógáil chun an péire is oiriúnaí a roghnú go cúramach. Roghnaigh siopa dáileoireachta optúla a bhfuil rogha maith frámaí leanaí aige agus a thógann an t-am chun cabhrú leat le do rogha. Ba cheart don optóir cabhrú leat comhairle a fháil maidir leis na frámaí is fearr a oireann do oideas, d'aois agus do ghnéithe aghaidhe do pháiste. Toisc go bhfuil droichead na srón réasúnta cothrom ag formhór na leanaí, is féidir le spéaclaí sleamhnú go héasca síos srón an linbh, mar sin tá gá le cúram speisialta nuair a chuirtear na frámaí chun é seo a chosc. Tá sé tábhachtach freisin a mheas go ndéanfaidh an chuid is mó leanaí a gcuid frámaí a chlúdach agus a mhilleadh níos mó ná uair amháin. Dá bhrí sin, ní mór duit a chinntiú go bhfuil an fráma roghnaithe in ann seasamh in aghaidh an chineáil seo de láimhseáil.
Is minic a bhíonn cóireáil fadhbanna súl i leanaí ag brath ar na spéaclaí a chaitheamh i gceart. Níor cheart go mbeadh gloineanna ag sleamhnú síos an srón nó ag ligean do dhaoine breathnú thar barr. Cuidíonn gloine a oireann go maith le do leanbh féachaint trí lár na lionsaí i gcónaí agus cuireann sé seo le forbairt amhairc. Tá sé tábhachtach cúram maith a thabhairt do na gloine chun iad a chosc ó scratches nó ó bheith bog as cruth. Dá bhrí sin, ba cheart gloine a choinneáil i gcúis daingean nuair nach bhfuil siad á n-úsáid.
Cad atá le súil leis nuair a bhíonn spéaclaí á n-úsáid den chéad uair
Is féidir go mbeidh toilteanas gloine ag brath ar an aois a chuirtear isteach iad den chéad uair. Ba cheart leanaí a spreagadh chun a gcuid spéaclaí a chaitheamh chomh minic agus is féidir. Uaireanta b'fhéidir go mbeidh ort an t-am a chaitheamh a thógáil suas de réir a chéile. Is féidir le formhór na leanaí a bhfuil spéaclaí ag teastáil uathu iad a chaitheamh go maith. Ná bí ag cur isteach ar chogadh le do leanbh. Déan iarracht a mhealladh nó a mhealladh tar éis duit na spéaclaí a chur air. Má tá tú leanbh a bhaint acu iad a chur ar ais ar. Má tharlaíonn sé arís cuir na gloine ar leataobh agus déan iarracht arís níos déanaí.
Má tá aon imní ort maidir leis an mbreiseán nua, ba cheart duit teagmháil a dhéanamh linn a luaithe is féidir chun coinneáil níos luaithe. Déanaimid seiceáil ar an oideas gloine gach 12 mhí chun a chinntiú go bhfuil an neart ceart acu.


If it is raining, icy, snowing or foggy, conditions on the road will be more dangerous. You need to drive with extra care.
Effective brakes, tyres, windscreen wipers, lights and steering are even more crucial in wet weather. Check your vehicle regularly to make sure they are all in good condition.
Wet, frosty or icy roads can be very slippery. You need to increase your following distance because it takes longer to stop on a slippery surface. You should increase your following distance by using the four-second rule). Roads are extra slippery just after the rain commences, and will remain so until the rain has washed any oil off the road.
Visibility (how far you can see) can be seriously reduced by rain, snow or fog. This can increase the risk of a crash. To improve visibility, keep all windows and mirrors clean. Don't let windows fog up – turn on the demister or open a window.
Unless your vehicle has ABS brakes, don't brake too hard when it is wet. You may go into a dangerous skid. Instead, pump the brakes gently.
If your vehicle has ABS brakes, never pump the brakes in an emergency. Keep the pedal pressed down hard and steer out of trouble. Don't become over-confident in your driving just because your vehicle has ABS brakes.
Be aware of approaching vehicles (especially large trucks) as these can spray water on your windscreen as they pass. Even if it has stopped raining, if the road is still wet, you may need to turn on your windscreen wipers as the truck approaches.
On a wet road, driving at the speed limit could be too fast for the conditions. You can lose control very easily in the wet, especially if you have to brake suddenly, so slow down.
If you drive with your lamps on full beam in fog, the light will just reflect back on you. Dip your lights – it will be much easier to see.
Don't just turn your park lights on. They are hard for oncoming drivers to see and do little to improve your vision.
You can use front fog lights when driving in fog. These have a wide, low beam and produce either a white or yellow light.
Rear fog lights, which produce a high-intensity red light, should only be used when visibility is very bad. (In normal conditions they can dazzle drivers following you.)
Fog lights should be switched off as driving conditions improve.
Last updated: 23 February 2015

Má tá sé ag báisteach, ag siúlóid, ag sneachta nó ag ceapadh, beidh na coinníollacha ar an mbóthar níos contúirteacha. Ní mór duit tiomáint go cúramach.
Tá breacanna, tairbhí, scriosáin ghloine, soilse agus stiúrtha éifeachtacha níos ríthábhachtach i aimsir fliuch. Seiceáil do charr go rialta chun a chinntiú go bhfuil siad go léir i riocht maith.
Is féidir le bóithre fliuch, frosty nó oighir a bheith an-slipy. Ní mór duit do thréimhse leanúnais a mhéadú toisc go dtógann sé níos mó ama stad a dhéanamh ar dhromchla sleamhnáin. Ba cheart duit do tharrtháil a mhéadú ag baint úsáide as an riail cheithre soicind). Tá na bóithre thar a bheith sleamhnánach díreach tar éis don bháisteach tosú, agus fanfaidh siad mar sin go dtí go mbeidh an bháisteach tar éis aon ola a ní as an mbóthar.
Is féidir le báisteach, sneachta nó ceata an radharc a laghdú go mór. D'fhéadfadh sé seo an baol a mhéadú go dtiocfadh timpiste. Chun feabhas a chur ar an fhéachtas, coinnigh gach fuinneog agus scáthán glan. Ná lig do ghloine a dhúnadh  Cuir an demister ar bun nó oscail fuinneog.
Mura bhfuil brake ABS ag do charr, ná bí ró-dhorta nuair a bhíonn sé fliuch. D'fhéadfadh tú dul isteach i gclúdach contúirteach. Ina áit sin, pump an brake go réidh.
Má tá briseadh ABS ag do charr, ná pumpáil na briseadh i gcás éigeandála. Coinnigh an péidéal brúite go crua agus stiúir amach as trioblóid. Ná bí ró-chinnte i do thiomána ach toisc go bhfuil brakeanna ABS i do charr.
Bí cúramach le feithiclí atá ag teacht (go háirithe trucailí móra) mar go bhféadfadh siad uisce a chraobhadh ar do ghloine tosaigh agus iad ag dul. Fiú má tá sé stopadh ag báisteach, má tá an bóthar fós fliuch, b'fhéidir go mbeidh ort do wipers windscreen a chasadh nuair a bhíonn an trucail ag teacht.
Ar bhóthar fliuch, d'fhéadfadh sé a bheith ró-tapa an luas a theorannú. Is féidir leat rialú a chailleadh go héasca sa fliuch, go háirithe má tá tú a bhriseadh go tobann, mar sin a laghdú.
Má thiománaíonn tú le do lámha ar léargas iomlán i néal, ní bheidh an solas ach ag léiriú ar ais ort. Cuir do sholas  beidh sé i bhfad níos éasca a fheiceáil.
Ná cas ar do sholas páirce. Tá sé deacair iad a fheiceáil ag tiománaithe atá ag teacht ar aghaidh agus ní dhéanann siad mórán chun do radharc a fheabhsú.
Is féidir leat solas ceata tosaigh a úsáid nuair a bhíonn tú ag tiomáint i ceata. Tá solas leathan, beag acu agus déanann siad solas bán nó buí a tháirgeadh.
Ba cheart solas ceata cúl, a tháirgeann solas dearg ard-dhlúth, a úsáid ach amháin nuair a bhíonn an-deacair an fhéachtas. (I gnáthchoinníollacha is féidir leo tiománaithe atá ag leanúint ort a shéideadh.)
Ba cheart solas na ceata a mhúchadh de réir mar a fheabhsaíonn coinníollacha tiomána.
An t-úrscéal is déanaí: 23 Feabhra 2015


BY JOHN DOGGETT
In 1882, Peter McGuire, a labor union leader, proposed the creation of a “Labor Day” holiday to celebrate and honor the American worker. Today, most Americans have no clue about how much things have changed in the past 150 years.
That makes me sad. All of us depend upon complete strangers to do their jobs with dignity, honor and accuracy. So at the very least, we should celebrate this miracle at least one day a year.
Why do I call it a miracle? Think about it. How many of you are comfortable trusting a complete stranger with your life? Most of us recoil at that idea — until we start thinking about how we live our lives.
Every minute of every day, we trust that people we will never meet will do their jobs with honor. We drink liquids, take medicine, eat food and ride in vehicles that are all made by strangers. If they don’t do their jobs right, we could die.
But we all assume that these faceless, nameless, invisible workers will do their jobs the right way so that the faceless, nameless, invisible people who use their products will be safe and sound.
That is a miracle to me. And in many countries, that is not their reality.
When McGuire proposed Labor Day, the world was in the midst of a series of profound changes. The Industrial Revolution had transformed the meaning of work and destroyed the old artisan guilds. People were flooding into cities from the countryside to work in hot and dangerous factories and live in overcrowded and unhygienic tenements. The ideas of a five-day workweek or an eight-hour workday were not even dreams back then.
But it was also a time of great change for workers. In the next 40 years, labor unions would find their voice, muckrakers would expose graft and abuse, Teddy Roosevelt would break up the Robber Barons, and the Bolsheviks would turn Tsarist Russia into the Soviet Union.
In America, the public uproar that followed the publication of Upton Sinclair’s book “The Jungle” in 1906 led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. The latter established the Bureau of Chemistry (in 1930 renamed the Food and Drug Administration).
In New York City, the needless death of 123 women and girls and 23 men during the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire on March 25, 1911, had a similar impact. Because the owners had locked the doors to the stairwells and exits — a then-common practice to prevent workers from taking unauthorized breaks and to reduce theft — many of the workers who could not escape from the burning building simply jumped from the high windows.
The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers.
New laws were enacted, which included requirements for alarm systems and automatic sprinklers, better building access, the availability of fire extinguishers, and overall better facilities for workers. They also limited the number of hours that women and children could work.
By 1916, the U.S. government had mandated an eight-hour workday for government projects. And in 1926, Henry Ford introduced the world to the 40-hour, five-day workweek.
Most of this is lost on many of us. So let’s do something different this Labor Day. Let us celebrate the miracle of hard, honest work. Let us celebrate the millions of Americans who make our lives better and safer. And of course, please enjoy your barbecue. Just don’t forget to give thanks to the farmers, the butchers, the factory workers, the truck drivers, the warehouse workers, the grocery store employees and the many other people who made it possible to have something to barbecue in the first place.

BY JOHN DOGGETT
Sa bhliain 1882, mhol Peter McGuire, ceannaire ceardchumainn saothair, saoire  Lá na nOibre a chruthú chun an oibrí Meiriceánach a cheiliúradh agus a onóir. Sa lá atá inniu ann, níl aon smaoineamh ag formhór na Meiriceánach faoi cé chomh mór agus a d'athraigh rudaí le 150 bliain anuas.
Déanann sé sin brón orm. Tá muid go léir ag brath ar dhaoine nach bhfuil aithne acu orthu go hiomlán a gcuid oibre a dhéanamh le dínit, onóir agus cruinneas. Mar sin ar a laghad, ba cheart dúinn an míorúilt seo a cheiliúradh lá amháin sa bhliain ar a laghad.
Cén fáth a glaoim ar a miracle? Smaoinigh air. Cé mhéad agaibh atá compordach ag muinín a thabhairt do dhuine a bhfuil a fhios agat go hiomlán le do shaol? Tá an chuid is mó againn ag casadh ar an smaoineamh sin  go dtí go dtosóidh muid ag smaoineamh ar an gcaoi a mairimid ár saol.
Gach nóiméad de gach lá, tá muinín againn go ndéanfaidh daoine nach bhfaighidh muid riamh a gcuid oibre le onóir. Ólann muid leachtacha, glacann muid le cógais, itheann muid bia agus téann muid ar fheithiclí a rinne strainséirí iad go léir. Mura ndéanann siad a gcuid oibre i gceart, d'fhéadfadh muid bás.
Ach glacaimid go léir leis go ndéanfaidh na hoibrithe gan aghaidh, gan ainm, gan amharc seo a gcuid oibre ar an mbealach ceart ionas go mbeidh na daoine gan aghaidh, gan ainm, gan amharc a úsáideann a gcuid táirgí sábháilte agus sláintiúil.
Is é sin a miracle dom. Agus i go leor tíortha, ní hé sin a réaltacht.
Nuair a mhol McGuire Lá an Lucht Oibre, bhí an domhan i lár sraith athruithe domhain. D'athraigh an Réabhlóid Thionsclaíoch brí na hoibre agus scrios na sean-ghildí ceardaíochta. Bhí daoine ag tuiteam isteach sna cathracha ó na tuaithe chun obair i mhonarcha te agus contúirteacha agus chun cónaí i dtithe iomarcacha iomarcach agus neamhshláintiúla. Ní raibh na smaointe maidir le seachtain oibre cúig lá nó lá oibre ocht n-uaireanta ina n-aislingí ansin.
Ach bhí sé ina thréimhse athraithe mór freisin do na hoibrithe. Sna 40 bliain ina dhiaidh sin, gheobhaidh na ceardchumainn a gcuid guth, nochtfaidh na muckrakers an t-iontaobhas agus an mí-úsáid, scriosfaidh Teddy Roosevelt na Barúin Robber, agus tiocfaidh na Bolsheivíceacha an Rúis Tsarist isteach san Aontas Sóivéadach.
I Meiriceá, ba chúis leis an bhrú phoiblí a lean foilsiú leabhar Upton Sinclair "The Jungle" i 1906 le pas a fháil ar an Acht um Thástáil Feola agus an tAcht um Bia agus Drugaí Íon. Bhunaigh an dara ceann an Biúró Ceimice (i 1930 a athainmníodh mar Riarachán Bia agus Drugaí).
I gCathair Nua Eabhrac, bhí tionchar den chineál céanna ag bás gan ghá 123 bean agus cailín agus 23 fear le linn dóiteán na mBainne Triangle Shirtwaist ar an 25 Márta, 1911. Toisc go raibh na húinéirí d'fhoscadh na doirse chuig na staighreacha agus na n-eisiúintí - cleachtas coitianta ag an am chun cosc a chur ar oibrithe sosanna gan chead a ghlacadh agus chun go laghdófaí goid - d'éirigh go leor de na hoibrithe nach bhféadfadh éalú ón bhfoirgneamh atá ag loscadh ach ag léim ó na fuinneoga ard.
Mar thoradh ar an tine, rinneadh reachtaíocht a cheanglaíonn caighdeáin sábháilteachta feabhsaithe i monarcha agus chabhraigh sé le fás an Aontais Idirnáisiúnta na mBan-Oibrithe Gnéas a spreagadh, a throid ar son coinníollacha oibre níos fearr d'oibrithe sweatshop.
Ghlac sé dlíthe nua, lena n-áirítear ceanglais maidir le córais aláraim agus sprinklers uathoibríoch, rochtain níos fearr ar fhoirgnimh, fáilteachas ar shéiteoirí dóiteáin, agus áiseanna níos fearr i gcoitinne do shaothar. Bhí teorainn acu freisin ar líon na huaireanta a d'fhéadfadh mná agus páistí a bheith ag obair.
Faoi 1916, bhí rialtas na Stát Aontaithe tar éis a ordú ocht n-uaire oibre in aghaidh an lae le haghaidh tionscadal rialtais. Agus i 1926, chuir Henry Ford an saol ar an 40 uair an chloig, cúig lá oibre sa tseachtain.
Tá an chuid is mó de seo caillte ar go leor againn. Mar sin déanaimis rud éigin difriúil an Lá Oibre seo. Déanaimis ceiliúradh ar an míorúilt a bhaineann le hobair chrua, dílis. Déanaimis ceiliúradh ar na milliúin Meiriceánach a dhéanann ár saol níos fearr agus níos sábháilte. Agus ar ndóigh, le do thoil taitneamh a bhaint as do barbeque. Ná déan dearmad buíochas a ghabháil leis na feirmeoirí, na maslaí, na hoibrithe monaraí, na tiománaithe trucail, na hoibrithe stórais, na hoibrithe siopa grósaera agus na daoine go leor eile a rinne sé indéanta rud éigin a bheith agat le barbeque sa chéad áit.


Math 127 Homework 1 due on Wednesday, 1/18 – Use the Axioms of Four-Point Geometry to prove the following theorems : 4P Theorem 2 : There are exactly 6 lines. 4P Theorem 3 : Each point has exactly three lines on it. – After reading the excerpts from Flatland : A Romance of Many Dimensions answer the following questions. Bear in mind that if I can not read what you write, I can not grade it either. Be neat and complete. 1. Describe Flatland, its inhabitants and their dwellings. 2. What do you think of the social order of this country ? 3. Refer to the description of Circles of Priests given to you by our friend A. Square. Explain how can circles be approximated, both in words and pictorially. Not to be turned in : Challenge 4P Theorem 4 : Each distinct line has exactly one line parallel to it.

Math 127 Homework 1 due on Wednesday, 1/18  Úsáid Axioms na Geometry Ceithre-Punt chun na teoramaí seo a leanas a chruthú: 4P Theorem 2 : Tá 6 líne go díreach. 4P Teoirim 3 : Tá díreach trí shlí ar gach pointe.  Tar éis duit na hailt a léamh ó Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions, freagair na ceisteanna seo a leanas. Coinnigh i gcuimhne nach féidir liom a mheas freisin mura féidir liom a léamh an méid a scríobhann tú. Bí glan agus iomlán. 1. an t-am a bhí ann. Déan cur síos ar Flatland, a áitritheoirí agus a dtithe. 2. Seachadadh. Cad a cheapann tú faoi ordú sóisialta na tíre seo ? 3. Tá an t-am ann. Féach ar an tuairisc ar Chuaird na Sagairt a thug ár gcairde A. Cearnóg. Mínigh conas is féidir ciorcail a chur i láthair, i bhfocail agus go pictiúrtha. Ní bheidh sé a thiontú isteach: Dúshlán 4P Teoráma 4 : Tá díreach líne amháin comhthreomhar le gach líne ar leithligh.