Wednesday, January 19, 2011
It just so happens that the Edgar Allan Poe Monument in Baltimore is my favorite outdoor sculpture. I used to live nearby and would often visit the sculpture, which is in a wide-open plaza outside the University of Baltimore Law School. Sculpted by Sir Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the statue was commissioned in 1911 but was not dedicated until 1921. Why?
"The first model, finished in 1913, was destroyed in a custom house fire while en route to a foundry in Berlin; the second model, finished in May 1915, was broken in the artist's Rome studio by an earthquake; and finally a third sculpture was finished and ready for shipment by March 1916, but the Poe Memorial Association was afraid to ship it across the Atlantic during World War I. Although the artist died in 1917, it was not until the summer of 1921 that the sculpture finally reached Baltimore." (from the IAS record)
The statue was moved to its current location in 1983. What I love most about this statue is the way Poe is leaning forward in his seat, his left hand raised as if signaling to us to "hold on" while he continues to listen to the Muses. When I walk around the nearly life-size Poe, there is always something new to discover, whether in the carvings on the base or the folds in his coat. To discover a very interesting story about the inscriptions on the base, visit the online record in the Inventory of American Sculpture.
--Nicole Semenchuk, Research and Scholars Center, American Art Museum

Dé Céadaoin, 19 Eanáir, 2011
Is é an t-amhrán Edgar Allan Poe i Baltimore an dealbh lasmuigh is fearr liom. Bhí cónaí orm in aice láimhe agus ba mhaith liom cuairt a thabhairt go minic ar an dealbh, atá i gcláir oscailte amach taobh amuigh de Scoil Dlí Ollscoil Baltimore. Scríobh Sir Moses Jacob Ezekiel an dealbh, a coimisiúnaíodh i 1911 ach nár tugadh isteach é go dtí 1921. Cén fáth?
"D'imigh an chéad múnla, a chríochnaíodh i 1913, i tine sa teach custaim agus é ar a bhealach chuig díonlann i mBeirlín; an dara múnla, a chríochnaíodh i mí na Bealtaine 1915, scriosadh i stiúideo na healaíontóra sa Róimh ag crith talún; agus ar deireadh críochnaíodh an tríú dealbh agus bhí sé réidh le seoladh faoi Mhárta 1916, ach bhí eagla ar Chomhlachas Cuimhneacháin Poe é a sheol thar an Atlantaigh le linn an Chéad Chogaidh Domhanda. Cé go bhfuair an t-ealaíontóir bás i 1917, ní raibh sé go dtí samhradh 1921 gur shroich an dealbh Baltimore sa deireadh. " (ó thaifead IAS)
Cuireadh an dealbh ar a shuíomh reatha i 1983. Is é an rud is fearr liom faoin dealbh seo ná an bealach a bhfuil Poe ag cur ina sheasamh, a lámh chlé ardaithe amhail is dá mba comhartha é dúinn "coinneáil" agus é ag leanúint leis na Muses a éisteacht. Nuair a shiúil mé timpeall an Poe beagnach ar a mhéid fíor, tá rud éigin nua le fáil i gcónaí, cibé acu sna carbaithe ar an mbonn nó sna fillteanna ina chatha. Chun scéal an-spéisiúil a fháil faoi na scríbhinní ar an mbonn, tabhair cuairt ar an taifead ar líne in Inventory of American Sculpture.
- Nicole Semenchuk, Ionad Taighde agus Eolaithe, Músaem Ealaíne Mheiriceá


WHAT ARE SULPHITES?
Sulphites are a class of preservatives, used to slow the browning of foods, help food retain it’s colour, smell and flavour as well as prevent bacterial growth. To give this some context, sulphites are used to keep those dried apricots orange, when in fact they should be brown and mouldy after sitting on the shelf for up to 18 months.
Whilst some may argue that sulphites occur naturally in fermented products such as wine and vinegar, they have also “unnaturally” been added to a number of processed foods i.e. sausages, processed deli meats, cordials, jams, pickled vegetables, as well as dried fruits and veg (like those apricots, apples and pears) to extend their shelf life.
ARE SULPHITES BAD FOR ME?
Most of us have no unwanted reaction to sulphites but those who are sensitive may suffer symptoms such as dermatitis, urticaria (itchy skin), flushing, hypotension (low blood pressure), headaches and/or migraines, abdominal pain and diarrhoea, wheezing and difficulty breathing and more (1). Whilst some might argue that if you don’t have a reaction, there’s no need to avoid sulphites, I work under the philosophy that fresh is best and as such, look to minimise my exposure to any additives or preservatives wherever I can.
For those of you looking to boost your nutrient intake, the addition of sulphites to certain foods has been linked to the degradation of vitamins B1, B12 and Folate (2). As a result, they are altering the nutrient component of these foods and there is less bioavailable nutrients for us.
WHAT FOODS CONTAIN SULPHITES?
There are a number of foods that commonly contain sulphites, these include but are not limited to:
- Chips (unless they are homemade)
- Sliced breads, crumpets and many baked goods
- Ready made pizzas
- Frozen seafood
- Fresh Prawns (fresh ones can also contain sulphites so make sure you ask!)
- Bottled lemon juice
- Pickled vegetables, vinegars, store-bought salad dressings, mayonnaise
- Dried fruits and candied fruits (i.e. glazed cherries)
- Desiccated coconut
- Coconut milk (can contain sulphites, so please check the label)
- Dried mushrooms, onion, garlic
- Powdered ginger
- Stock cubes (unless all ingredients are organic)
- Gelatine (in cakes, sweets, desserts etc)
- Glucose and other syrups, molasses (in desserts, ice creams etc)
- Fruit drinks, soft drinks e.g. colas, lemonade or tonics
- Beer/lager, cider and wine
According to Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) added sulphites must be declared in the ingredients list on the label of a packaged food when present in foods in concentrations of 10 mg/kg or more. If the food is unpackaged (e.g. dried apricots sold in bulk bins, sausages in a butchers shop), the presence of sulphites must be declared on or in connection with the display of the food, if not, you as the purchaser can request this information and the sales team will have to provide it.
What you’re looking for is the inclusion of any preservatives listed under the numbers ranging from 220-228:
- 220 Sulphur dioxide
- 221 Sodium sulphite
- 222 Sodium bisulphite
- 223 Sodium metabisulphite
- 224 Potassium metabisulphite
- 225 Potassium sulphite
- 228 Potassium bisulphite
HOW CAN I AVOID SULPHITES?
- FRESH IS ALWAYS BEST!
- Talk to your local butcher/fish monger about sulphite free alternatives
- Swap vinegars with fresh lemon juice and olive oil as salad dressings
- Look for organic dried fruits with no sulphites added i.e. sulphite free apricots
- Avoid prepackaged juices and substitute in a freshly made juice where possible
Do you avoid sulphites? What are your sulphite free alternatives? I’d love to know more! Pop your suggestions in the comments below!

Cad iad na sulfítí?
Is aicme coimeádáin iad sulfaidí, a úsáidtear chun brownú bia a mhoilliú, chun cabhrú le bia a dath, a boladh agus a blas a choinneáil chomh maith le fás baictéarach a chosc. Chun comhthéacs a thabhairt don scéal seo, úsáidtear sulfaidí chun na beacáin thriomaithe sin a choinneáil oráiste, nuair a ba cheart go mbeadh siad donn agus moulded tar éis dóibh fanacht ar an seilf ar feadh suas le 18 mhí.
Cé go bhféadfadh cuid acu a mhaíomh go bhfuil sulfítí ar fáil go nádúrtha i dtáirgí fíordhealaithe amhail fíon agus fíon-uisce, tá siad curtha freisin ar roinnt bianna próiseáilte ar bhealach "neamh-nádúrtha", i.e. Saoráidí, feoil phróiseáilte deli, cordial, jams, glasraí saillte, chomh maith le torthaí agus glasraí triomaithe (mar na apricots, úlla agus piaraí) chun a saolré seilfe a fhadú.
AN SÍ SOILFÍTÍÍD olc domsa?
Ní bhíonn aon imoibriú neamh-inmhianaithe ag formhór againn ar sulfaidí ach d'fhéadfadh comharthaí a bheith ag na daoine atá íogair orthu mar dermatitis, urticaria (craiceann itchy), flushing, hypotension (brú fola íseal), tinneas cinn agus / nó migraines, pian boilg agus diarrhea, wheezing agus deacracht a bheith ag anailís agus níos mó (1). Cé go bhféadfadh cuid acu a mhaíomh mura bhfuil imoibriú agat, nach gá sulfaidí a sheachaint, oibrím faoin fealsúnacht go bhfuil úr is fearr agus mar sin, féachann mé le mo nochtadh do aon bhreiseáin nó coimeádáin a íoslaghdú cibé áit is féidir liom.
I gcás na ndaoine sin agaibh atá ag iarraidh a n-iontógáil cothaitheach a mhéadú, tá baint ag cur sulfaití le bianna áirithe le díghrádú vitimíní B1, B12 agus folate (2). Mar thoradh air sin, tá siad ag athrú comhpháirt cothaitheach na mbia seo agus tá níos lú cothaithigh bith-infhaighte ann dúinn.
CÉ A BHIOS A IOMHÁIL SULFÍTÍ?
Tá roinnt bianna ann a bhfuil sulfítí go coitianta iontu, áirítear orthu seo ach níl siad teoranta dóibh:
- Chips (mura ndéantar iad féin)
- arán sliceáilte, crumpets agus go leor earraí bácáilte
- Pizzas réidh
- Maraisigh reoite
- Creagáin úra (is féidir le creagáin úra sulfaití a bheith iontu freisin, mar sin bí cinnte go n-iarrann tú!)
- Soic liomóide buidéil
- Glasraí picilte, ocras, dressing saladaí a cheannaítear i siopa, maonéis
- torthaí triomaithe agus torthaí candied (i.e. (Céiríní glasaithe)
- Cnó cócó triomaithe
- Bainne cócó (is féidir sulfítí a bheith ann, mar sin seiceáil an lipéad le do thoil)
- Fongáis thriomaithe, uibheacha, garlic
- Ginger práis
- Cuibheacha stoc (mura bhfuil na comhábhair go léir orgánach)
- Gelaine (i gciseáin, i milseoga, i deisceanna etc.)
- Glúcóis agus síoróipí eile, mealais (i milseoga, uachtar reoite, srl.)
- Deochanna torthaí, deochanna suaite e.g. Colas, leamónád nó tonics
- Beoir/lagár, sídear agus fíon
De réir na gcaighdeáin bia san Astráil agus sa Nua-Shéalainn (FSANZ), ní mór sulfaidí breise a dhearbhú sa liosta comhábhair ar lipéad bia pacáilte nuair a bhíonn siad i gcruinniú i gcruinnithe 10 mg/kg nó níos mó. Má tá an bia neamhphacáilte (m.sh. Ní mór an t-ábhar a bheith i láthair i gceart (mar shampla, mar a dhéantar é a dhíol i mboscaí mórchiste, mar a dhéantar é a dhíol i bhoscaí mórchiste, mar a dhéantar é a dhíol i siopaí masla), ní mór an láithreacht sulfítí a dhearbhú ar taispeáint an bhia nó i ndáil leis, mura bhfuil, is féidir leatsa mar cheannaitheoir an fhaisnéis seo a iarraidh agus beidh ar an bhfoireann díolacháin í a chur ar fáil.
Is é an rud atá á lorg agat ná aon choimeádáin a liostaítear faoi na huimhreacha idir 220-228 a áireamh:
- 220 Díchóisíd sulfair
- 221 Sulfít sóidiam
- 222 Bísulfit sóidiam
- 223 Metabisulfit sóidiam
- 224 Metabisulfit potaisiam
- 225 Sulfít potaisiam
- 228 Bísulfit potaisiam
CÁ MÓR A IOMHÁIN SOILFÍTÍ?
- Fresh Is ALWAYS BEST!
- Labhair le do chuid feirmeoirí/ iascairí áitiúil faoi roghanna eile saor ó sulfít
- Vínigéar a mhalartú le sú úr liomóide agus ola olóige mar chóiriú salada
- Féach ar thorthaí orgánacha triomaithe gan sulfaidí a chur leis, i.e. cailíní
- Seachain súanna réamhphacáilte agus cuir sú úr déanta ina ionad nuair is féidir
An seachnaíonn tú sulfites? Cad iad na roghanna eile atá agat gan sulfáit? Ba mhaith liom níos mó a fháil amach! Cuir do mholtaí isteach sna tuairimí thíos!


What is the next number in this series: 9, 19, 21, 32, 34, X?
The series goes up 10, down 2, then up 11, down 2, meaning the next will be up 12 - 34 + 12 = 46
When throwing 2 dice, what are the chances of getting a 12?
1/6 times 1/6 for each dice = 1/36
How many 7s there are between 1 - 100?
The King Has 5 Daughters, each one is half the age of the other. If the king met the mother of the oldest 40 years ago, what is the age of his youngest daughter?
There are a few possibilities IF there was no age cap when the oldest was born. Since she was born less than 40 years ago, then the sequence must be 2,4,8,16,32 - meaning the youngest is 2 years old.
There are 12 identical Coins. They all have the exact same weight except for 1 coin that is heavier than the other 11 coins. How many weighings, at the minimum, are required to identify this different coin?
(3 weights - 4 and 4 coins, 2 and 2, 1 and 1)
What 3 Consecutive Numbers can you Multiply to get 4080?
You Need to Get to 1000, but you can only add numbers that are all eights (8,88.. etc). How many different numbers would you need?
What's the missing number: 11x11=4, 22x22=16, 33x33=36, 55x55=X?
Use four 9s (any way you want) to get to 100 - How many different numbers would you need?
99 + (9/9) = 100
March = 538, February = 8210, July = 4711, April 549, September=?
(first digit is the number of letters, 2nd the number of the month, and third is the first two numbers combined so the answer is 9918)
142 = 0, 3271 = 0, 6211 = 1, 83461 = 3, 908763 = 5, 4789033 = ?
You count the number of circles in the numbers to get the answer.
What the missing number? 11x23=10, 35x13=32, 41x72=45, 62x51=X?
The formula here is (a+b x c+d)
Oops! You Got a Low Score...
Maybe you're not focused or maybe you haven't done math like this in a long time. It could also be you haven't let yourself enough time to really think about it. Why not try again, and if not - have a look at our explanations of your mistakes below.
You Did Great!
You didn't ace the test, but you got high marks! This isn't easy to do considering few of us actually use math like this in our every day life. Kudos for keeping the math alive and your brain well and functioning, and have a look below at your mistakes to learn from them.
You Mad, Impossible Genius!
Wow, are you a retired math teacher? These are high marks indeed! You either got full marks or only had one mistake, and that happens to us all. You are a math wiz and if you haven't used math like this since school, we're double impressed with you. You're awesome!

Cad é an chéad uimhir eile sa tsraith seo: 9, 19, 21, 32, 34, X?
Téann an tsraith suas 10, síos 2, ansin suas 11, síos 2, rud a chiallaíonn go mbeidh an chéad cheann eile suas 12 - 34 + 12 = 46
Nuair a chaithfear 2 dhísle, cad iad na seansanna a fháil 12?
1/6 am 1/6 do gach dáis = 1/36
Cé mhéad 7s atá ann idir 1 - 100?
Tá 5 iníonacha ag an Rí, tá gach ceann leath an aois den cheann eile. Má bhuail an rí le máthair an duine is sine 40 bliain ó shin, cén aois a bhfuil ar a iníon is óige?
Tá cúpla féidearthacht ann mura raibh aon uasteorainn aoise ann nuair a rugadh an duine is sine. Ós rud é go rugadh í níos lú ná 40 bliain ó shin, ansin ní mór don ord a bheith 2,4,8,16,32 - rud a chiallaíonn go bhfuil an duine is óige 2 bliana d'aois.
Tá 12 Airgead céanna ann. Tá an meáchan céanna acu go léir ach amháin le haghaidh aon bhuidéal amháin atá níos trom ná na 11 bhuidéal eile. Cé mhéad meáchain, ar a laghad, a theastaíonn chun an boinn éagsúil seo a aithint?
(3 meáchan - 4 agus 4 boinn, 2 agus 2, 1 agus 1)
Cad iad na 3 Uimhreacha I ndiaidh a chéile is féidir leat a Méadú chun 4080 a fháil?
Ní mór duit a fháil go 1000, ach is féidir leat a chur ach uimhreacha go bhfuil gach ocht (8,88 .. etc). Cé mhéad uimhir éagsúla a bheadh uait?
Cad é an uimhir atá ar iarraidh: 11x11=4, 22x22=16, 33x33=36, 55x55=X?
Úsáid ceithre 9 (an bealach is mian leat) chun 100 a fháil - Cé mhéad uimhir éagsúla a bheadh uait?
99 + (9/9) = 100
Márta = 538, Feabhra = 8210, Iúil = 4711, Aibreán 549, Meán Fómhair =?
(is é an chéad dhigit líon na litreacha, an dara uimhir na míosa, agus an tríú is é an chéad dá uimhir a chomhcheangal mar sin an freagra 9918)
142 = 0, 3271 = 0, 6211 = 1, 83461 = 3, 908763 = 5, 4789033 = ?
Líonann tú líon na ciorcail sna huimhreacha chun an freagra a fháil.
Cad é an uimhir atá ar iarraidh? 11x23=10, 35x13=32, 41x72=45, 62x51=X?
Is é an fhoirmle anseo (a + b x c + d)
Oops! Tá sé! Tá Scór Íseal agat...
B'fhéidir nach bhfuil tú dírithe nó b'fhéidir nach bhfuil tú déanta matamaitice mar seo i bhfad. D'fhéadfadh sé freisin nach bhfuil tú a ligean duit féin go leor ama chun smaoineamh i ndáiríre faoi. Cén fáth nach ndéanann tú iarracht arís, agus mura ndéanann - féach ar ár míniú ar do chuid earráidí thíos.
Rinne tú iontach!
Níor éirigh leat an tástáil, ach fuair tú marcanna ard! Ní éasca é seo a dhéanamh ag smaoineamh go n-úsáideann cúpla duine againn matamaitic mar seo i saol laethúil. Go raibh maith agat as an matamaitic a choinneáil beo agus do inchinn go maith agus ag feidhmiú, agus féach thíos ar do chuid botúin chun foghlaim uathu.
A dhuine uaigneach, géineas dodhéanta!
Wow, an múinteoir matamaitice ar scor tú? Is mór na nótaí iad seo i ndáiríre! Fuair tú nótaí iomlána nó ní raibh ach botún amháin agat, agus tharlaíonn sé sin dúinn go léir. Tá tú a máistir matamaitice agus má tá tú nach bhfuil a úsáidtear matamaitice mar seo ó scoil, táimid dúbailte iontas ort. Tá tú iontach!


Green Infrastructure for Stormwater Management in NH Coastal Communities
The Green Infrastructure Project provides resources and support for communities to improve stormwater management. We are supporting pilot projects in six towns and developing workshops, fact sheets and other resources to help communities develop better regulations, train staff and build stormwater treatment systems.
What is Green Infrastructure?
Green infrastructure uses natural “green” methods to help reduce problems associated with rain runoff from surfaces that have been altered by people. Examples include shrub and tree buffers along streams, engineered systems that treat runoff by infiltrating or filtering the water on site, incentives or education to encourage homeowners to protect soil and water, or regulations that require better stormwater control for new construction. For a list of strategies available through this project click here. A Complete Community Approach uses green infrastructure throughout all aspects of community planning.
Why do we care about stormwater and how does Green Infrastructure help?
Stormwater is rain runoff that flows across parking lots, roads, or other hard surfaces. Instead of soaking into soil on site, the runoff tends to be sent elsewhere in large volumes. This contributes to flooding and the untreated water can carry pollutants including nitrogen and toxic automobile lubricants into our rivers, lakes, and Great Bay. Many stormwater management systems designed to control some runoff are not always able to handle the large storm events that New Hampshire has experienced over the last several years. Green Infrastructure is a cost-effective way to keep more water on site, remove pollutants, and help to alleviate flooding.
Congratulations to our Implementation Communities!
The project team selected six proposals for funding. The communities of Exeter, Stratham, Portsmouth, Rochester, Durham and Brentwood will work with us on projects to improve stormwater management. See below for descriptions.

Infrastruktúr Glas le haghaidh Bainistíocht Uisce Stoirme i gComhphobail Chosta NH
Soláthraíonn an Tionscadal um Bonneagar Glas acmhainní agus tacaíocht do phobail chun bainistíocht uisce báistí a fheabhsú. Tá muid ag tacú le tionscadail phíolóta i sé bhaile agus ag forbairt ceardlanna, bileoga fíricí agus acmhainní eile chun cabhrú le pobail rialacháin níos fearr a fhorbairt, pearsanra a oiliúint agus córais chóireála uisce báistí a thógáil.
Cad é an Bonneagar Glas?
Baineann an bonneagar glas úsáid as modhanna nádúrtha "láidir" chun cabhrú le fadhbanna a bhaineann le rónú báistí ó uachtar a bhfuil daoine tar éis athrú a laghdú. I measc na samplaí tá buiféirí crann agus crann ar feadh sruthanna, córais innealtóireachta a chóireálann sruthadh trí uisce a iontráil nó a scagadh ar an láthair, dreasachtaí nó oideachas chun úinéirí tí a spreagadh chun ithir agus uisce a chosaint, nó rialacháin a éilíonn rialú níos fearr ar uisce stoirme le haghaidh tógála nua. Chun liosta de na straitéisí atá ar fáil tríd an tionscadal seo cliceáil anseo. Baineann cur chuige iomlán pobail úsáid as bonneagar glas i ngach gné de phleanáil pobail.
Cén fáth a bhfuil cúram againn faoi uisce stoirme agus conas a chabhraíonn Infreastruchtúr Glas?
Is é uisce na tuilte an rás a shruthaíonn ar pháirceanna, ar bhóithre, nó ar dhromchlaí crua eile. In ionad an t-uisce a bheith ag dul isteach sa ithir ar an láthair, bíonn an t-uisce a bhíonn ag imeacht ar shiúl á sheoladh chuig áit eile i méideanna móra. Cuireann sé seo le tuile agus is féidir leis an uisce neamhchóireáilte truailleáin a iompar lena n-áirítear nítrigin agus lubricants gluaisteán tocsaineacha isteach inár n-aibhneacha, i dtógairí agus i mBá Mhór. Ní féidir le go leor córais bainistíochta uisce báistí a ceapadh chun rialú a dhéanamh ar roinnt srutháin déileáil leis na himeachtaí stoirme móra a d'fhulaing New Hampshire le blianta beaga anuas. Is bealach costéifeachtach é an Bonneagar Glas chun níos mó uisce a choinneáil ar an láthair, truailleáin a bhaint, agus cabhrú le tuile a mhaolú.
Comhghairdeas lenár gComhphobail Feidhmithe!
Roghnaigh foireann an tionscadail sé togra le haghaidh maoinithe. Oibreoidh pobail Exeter, Stratham, Portsmouth, Rochester, Durham agus Brentwood linn ar thionscadail chun bainistíocht uisce báistí a fheabhsú. Féach thíos le haghaidh tuairiscí.


The debate over wild horses on public lands has been raging for decades. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), charged with their management, has rounded up tens of thousands of wild horses since 1971. While many have been adopted out, vast numbers languish in holding facilities. AWI strongly disagrees with BLM over its management of these iconic animals on Western rangelands and, in particular, with its decisions to reduce wild horse numbers and the amount of habitat on which they can roam.
However, one issue with which we should be in agreement with the BLM is the usefulness of contraception as a means to control numbers of wild horses and to prevent needless suffering. Immunocontraception can be used to stabilize and reduce growth rates in wild horse herds. Reducing fecundity may spare wild horses from being doggedly chased for miles on end, captured, and manhandled during BLM roundups which, for most horses, results in a life of confinement or, even worse, slaughter.
Critics have expressed concern about the genetic viability of horses if contraception is used. While long-term monitoring under such conditions is imminent, immunocontraceptive agents generally don’t cause permanent sterility. In that respect, there is no reason to believe wild horse populations can’t be stabilized and reduced while retaining the herd’s genetic diversity.
Managing horses in this way does not mean that we surrender to those who prefer livestock on the range instead of the horses, nor does it mean that we do not continue to advocate for horses to occupy public lands as the law requires. It also does not mean we are giving up on efforts to restore wild horses to the more than 19 million acres from which they have been illegally removed. That must not only be a priority, but it could provide wild horses, including those in holding facilities, a second chance at freedom. However, it is up to us to recognize the current political reality for wild horses while continuing to advocate for wholesale improvements in their management.
On October 7 the BLM announced a new initiative for managing wild horses and burros. AWI is seeking critical details about the plan and will let you know of its findings.

Tá an díospóireacht ar chapaill fhiáine ar thalamh poiblí ag dul i ngleic le blianta fada. Tá na mílte capall fiáine curtha i gcath ag an mBureau of Land Management (BLM), a bhfuil cúram air iad a bhainistiú, ó 1971. Cé go bhfuil go leor acu glactha amach, tá líon mór acu ag dul i ngleic le háiseanna coinneála. Tá AWI go láidir míchontúirteach le BLM maidir lena bhainistiú ar na hainmhithe iconic seo ar rangelands an Iarthair agus, go háirithe, lena chinntí chun líon na gcuacha fiáine agus méid na háitribh inar féidir leo imeacht a laghdú.
Mar sin féin, is é an cheist amháin a bhfuil aontú againn leis an BLM ná an úsáid a bhaineann le frithghiniúint mar mhodh chun líon na mball fiáine a rialú agus chun fulaingt neamhriachtanach a chosc. Is féidir imdhíonú imdhíonachta a úsáid chun ráta fáis i dtráthanna capall fiáine a chobhsú agus a laghdú. D'fhéadfadh laghdú ar fhéidearthacht a sheachaint go ndéanfaí capaill fiáine a chasadh go géar ar feadh mílte ar deireadh, a ghabháil, agus a mhilleadh le linn roundups BLM a, don chuid is mó de na capaill, a fhágann go bhfuil saol na gaoithe nó, níos measa fós, an mharú.
Tá imní ar na criticeoirí faoi fholáthar géiniteach na bhfear céile má úsáidtear frithghiniúint. Cé go bhfuil monatóireacht fhadtéarmach faoi choinníollacha den sórt sin le teacht, ní bhíonn stéaróidigh bhuan mar thoradh ar ghníomhairí imdhíonachta. Sa mhéid sin, níl aon chúis le creidiúint nach féidir pobail capall fiáine a chobhsú agus a laghdú agus éagsúlacht ghéiniteach an choda á choimeád.
Ní chiallaíonn bainistiú capall ar an mbealach seo go ndéanaimid tuitim ar na daoine a bhfuil beithíoch acu ar an gclár in ionad na gcuacha, ná ní chiallaíonn sé nach leanfaimid ar aghaidh ag tacú le capall a bheith ag glacadh talamh poiblí mar a éilíonn an dlí. Ní chiallaíonn sé freisin go bhfuil muid ag tabhairt suas ar iarrachtaí a chur ar ais capaill fiáine ar an níos mó ná 19 milliún acra ó a bhfuil siad a tógadh go mídhleathach. Ní amháin gur tosaíocht é sin, ach d'fhéadfadh sé an dara deis a thabhairt do chapaill fiáine, lena n-áirítear iad siúd atá i saoráidí coimeádta, sa tsaoirse. Mar sin féin, is ar ár gcumas é an réaltacht pholaitiúil atá ann faoi láthair a aithint do chapaill fhiáine agus leanúint de bheith ag tacú le feabhsúcháin ollmhór ina mbainistíocht.
Ar 7 Deireadh Fómhair d'fhógair an BLM tionscnamh nua chun capaill agus asal fiáine a bhainistiú. Tá AWI ag lorg sonraí criticiúla faoin bplean agus cuirfidh sé a chuid torthaí in iúl duit.


Recently a lot of buzz has been about including more and more fibres in our diet. Truly speaking our body doesn’t even have the mechanism to digest and absorb the fibres. Then what makes them such important part of the human diet?
Dietary fibres are also known as roughage. Well, if consider our bodies to the machines and gut as the fuel system, then fibre is the engine oil. While engine oil is not the fuel, it certainly is what keeps the engines neat and working. Same goes for fibres.
What do the Fibres do?
Dietary fibres improve bowel function drastically. They add bulk to the food that keeps the bowel moving, thus helps in getting rid of the wasteful products after the digestion. They (water soluble fibres) also help in retaining a good amount of water in the bowels. Moreover, the good bowel movement means lesser chances of bacterial growth. Thus, fibre takes care of constipation and flatulence.
Dietary fibres keep the entire digestive system running smooth and quick. No constipation means no blockage of the waste, the food material moves adequately, hence preventing bloating and stomach upset.
Dietary fibres are known to keep the heart healthy. They keep the blood pressure in check. Also, reduces the cholesterol levels. Thus, the cardiac strain is reduced keeping the heart healthier.
Keep blood sugar under check
A good amount of fibres in the diet would mean that you would be consuming lesser calories—fats and carbohydrates, hence lesser sugar levels. Also, fibres slow down the sugar absorption and assimilation from the food. People who suffer from diabetes are particularly affected by high sugar intake, hence worsening the situation. Thus, fibre diet is ever greater for diabetes patients. Dietary fibres keep the sugar levels in check, neither too high nor too low, keeping your overall health in check.
The mechanism is simple. Fibre rich diet satiates your appetite earlier while consuming less fats and carbohydrates, hence lesser calories. Lesser calories mean lesser weight.
What food contains dietary fibres?
Dietary fibres are present in a variety of food sources which means you might already be taking plenty of it. These can be water soluble or water insoluble, both advantageous to our digestive system.
— Zigverve.com (@zigverve) October 19, 2015
Water soluble fibres are found in foods like apples, carrots, oats, beans, peas and citrus fruits.
Water insoluble fibres are present in food like whole wheat, beans, nuts, potatoes and cauliflower. If you’re eating fruits for the fibres it is advised to that you eat the whole fruit rather than taking juice, as most of the fibre content is lost with the leftovers from the juiced fruits. Fruits and vegetables are rich in both kinds of fibres.

Le déanaí tá go leor buzz faoi a chur le níos mó agus níos mó snáithín inár réim bia. Go fírinneach ní fiú an meicníocht a bheith ag ár gcorp chun na snáithíní a dhíleá agus a ionsú. Cén fáth, ansin, go bhfuil siad ina gcuid chomh tábhachtach den aiste bia daonna?
Tugtar cruithneacht ar shnáithín bia freisin. Bhuel, má mheasann ár gcorp na meaisíní agus gut mar an córas breosla, ansin tá snáithín an ola inneall. Cé nach ola an innill an breosla, is cinnte gurb é an t-ola a choinníonn na hinnill glan agus ag obair. Baineann an rud céanna le snáithíní.
Cad a dhéanann na Fibres?
Feabhsaíonn snáithín aiste bia feidhmiú na n-intinn go suntasach. Cuireann siad méid mór le bia a choinníonn an intestine ag gluaiseacht, rud a chabhraíonn leis na táirgí dramhaíola a bhaint as tar éis an díleá. Cuidíonn siad (aibhneacha intuaslagtha in uisce) freisin le méid maith uisce a choinneáil sna intestines. Thairis sin, ciallaíonn an dea-shruth intestinal seans níos lú fáis baictéarach. Dá bhrí sin, déanann snáithín cúram de constipation agus flatulence.
Coinníonn snáithín bia an córas díleá iomlán ag rith go réidh agus go tapa. Ní chiallaíonn aon éadáil nach bhfuil aon bhac ar an dramhaíl, bogann an t-ábhar bia go leordhóthanach, agus dá bhrí sin cosc a chur ar bhlátháil agus míchompord boilg.
Tá a fhios go gcoinníonn snáithín aiste bia an croí sláintiúil. Coinníonn siad an brú fola faoi smacht. Chomh maith leis sin, laghdaíonn sé leibhéil an chholeistéaróil. Dá bhrí sin, laghdaítear an strus cardasach agus coinnítear an croí níos sláintiúla.
Cúl a chur ar shiúcra fola faoi smacht
Ciallaíonn méid maith snáithín sa réim bia go n-itheann tú níos lú calraí, saill agus carbaihiodráití, agus dá bhrí sin leibhéil siúcra níos ísle. Chomh maith leis sin, cuireann snáithíní moill ar ionsú agus ar chomhshó siúcra ón mbia. Bíonn tionchar ar leith ag an ard iontógáil siúcra ar dhaoine a bhfuil diaibéiteas orthu, agus dá bhrí sin déanann sé an staid a bheith níos measa. Dá bhrí sin, tá an aiste bia snáithín níos mó i gcónaí do othair diaibéiteas. Coinníonn snáithín bia na leibhéil siúcra faoi smacht, ní ró-ard ná ró-íseal, ag coinneáil do shláinte foriomlán faoi smacht.
Tá an meicníocht simplí. Tá bia saibhir snáithín ag sásamh do bhia níos luaithe agus tú ag ithe níos lú saille agus carbaihiodráití, agus mar sin níos lú calraí. Ciallaíonn níos lú calraí níos lú meáchain.
Cén bia a bhfuil snáithín aiste bia ann?
Tá snáithín aiste bia i láthair i bhfoinsí éagsúla bia, rud a chiallaíonn go bhféadfadh go mbeadh go leor de á thógáil agat cheana féin. Is féidir iad seo a bheith insoluble uisce nó insoluble uisce, araon tairbheach dár gcóras díleá.
 Zigverve.com (@zigverve) 19 Deireadh Fómhair, 2015
Tá snáithíní intuaslagtha in uisce le fáil i mbia cosúil le híospartaigh, carróidí, oats, pónairí, pianta agus torthaí citris.
Tá snáithíní neamh-in-uisce i bhia cosúil le cruithneacht iomlán, pónairí, cnónna, prátaí agus caolchlóir. Má tá tú ag ithe torthaí le haghaidh na snáithín, moltar duit an toradh iomlán a ithe seachas sú a thógáil, toisc go gcailltear an chuid is mó den ábhar snáithín leis na híosraghtaí ó na torthaí sú. Tá an dá chineál snáithín saibhir i dtorthaí agus i nglasraí.


NOVEMBER 22, 1948
PARIS, Sunday—Two sessions of our committee Friday were devoted to Article Twenty-two of the draft of the Declaration of Human Rights, but as yet Article Twenty-one, which is being worked on by a subcommittee, has not yet been brought before us. That is because there is a real difficulty which presents itself in Article Twenty-one.
It deals with the right to work and the conditions of work. The Cuban delegate has the conviction that one of the statements in this article, saying that "everyone has the right to equal pay for equal work," should be supplemented by a statement to convey the idea that the needs of a man's family should be taken into consideration in deciding whether he receives adequate pay. This particular question has of course been argued by people for many years. The basis of pay is usually the amount of work you do and the skill or value of that work. If you tie a man's need up with his salary, I think a good many people would feel that one is treading on a somewhat dangerous path, since a man with ten children doubtless may need more than a man with only one or two. If an employer is going to pay more to a man just because he has ten children, then he is going to look for employees who don't have any children.
Long ago a great many of us decided that this question of a man's pay had to be considered in relation to his ability, and that an adequate standard of living would probably have to be achieved in certain circumstances through some kind of social services. For instance, in Great Britain a grant is given to help families with children. The same is done in France. This raises the family resources, and many of us feel that the thought which the Cuban delegate is trying to have embodied in the text should more properly be in Article Twenty-two, which deals with such matters.
After our committee had discussed many amendments, we finally drew up a draft of Article Twenty-two which read as follows:
"1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate to the health and well-being of his family and himself, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services, and to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
"2. Motherhood and childhood have the right to special care and assistance."
This second provision is dear to the heart of the delegate from the Dominican Republic. She has fought for the rights of women for many years in her country, and her main point was that it was a right and not a charity to give special care and assistance to mothers and children. A storm broke loose, however, because the Russian delegate said both the United Kingdom and the United States had noted the fact that while they accepted this paragraph, still motherhood and childhood were really not exactly the right words to use. In Russian, he said, it made no sense, and he would be the laughingstock of everyone, since any baby would understand that this paragraph was not well worded. Both the United Kingdom delegate and I myself had in fact been originally content to say simply "mother and child," as was stated in the original draft of the article. But for the sake of harmony we had accepted the change and that was the way it was voted in spite of protests.
A third paragraph was added which read: "Children born out of wedlock shall enjoy the same social protection as those born in marriage." This paragraph I had opposed, for it seemed to me entirely obvious that all children, being themselves blameless, were entitled to the same special care and assistance, and I did not feel that special reference to this condition was called for in the Declaration. Moreover, it seems to me that the provision about childhood already contained in the second paragraph clearly referred to all childhood. But a majority of the committee felt differently, and so the entire article was adopted with this paragraph included.

NOVEMBER 22, 1948
PARIS, Dé Domhnaigh Bhí dhá sheisiún de ár gcoiste Dé hAoine tiomanta d'Airteagal a Bhí fiche a dó den dréacht-Dearbhú um Chearta an Duine, ach go dtí seo níor tugadh Airteagal a Bhí fiche a haon, atá á oibriú ag fo-choiste, chugainn go fóill. Tá sé sin toisc go bhfuil deacracht fíor ann a léiríonn é féin in Airteagal 21.
Baineann sé leis an gceart chun oibre agus le coinníollacha oibre. Tá an toscaire Cúba cinnte go gcaithfear ceann de na ráitis san alt seo, a deir go bhfuil "ceart ag gach duine ar phá comhionann as obair chomhionann", a chomhlánú le ráiteas chun an smaoineamh a chur in iúl gur chóir riachtanais theaghlach an duine a chur san áireamh agus cinneadh á dhéanamh ar an bhfáil sé pá leordhóthanach. Ar ndóigh, tá daoine ag plé leis an gceist seo ar feadh blianta fada. Is gnách go mbíonn an méid oibre a dhéanann tú agus an scileanna nó luach na hoibre sin mar bhonn pá. Má cheanglaíonn tú riachtanais an duine lena thuarastal, sílim go mbraitheann go leor daoine go bhfuil duine ag dul ar bhealach atá contúirteach, ós rud é go bhféadfadh go mbeadh níos mó ag teastáil ó dhuine a bhfuil deichniúr leanaí aige ná ó dhuine a bhfuil ach duine amháin nó beirt aige. Má tá fostóir ag dul a íoc níos mó le fear ach amháin toisc go bhfuil sé deich leanaí, ansin tá sé ag dul a lorg fostaithe nach bhfuil aon leanaí.
Roinnt mhaith againn a chinn le fada ó shin gur chóir an cheist seo maidir le pá an duine a mheas i ndáil lena chumas, agus gur dócha go mbeadh caighdeán maireachtála leordhóthanach le fáil i gcúinsí áirithe trí sheirbhísí sóisialta de chineál éigin. Mar shampla, i mBreatain Mhór tugtar deontas chun cabhrú le teaghlaigh le páistí. Déantar an rud céanna sa Fhrainc. Cuireann sé seo acmhainní teaghlaigh i bhfeidhm, agus is dóigh le go leor againn gur cheart go mbeadh an smaoineamh a bhfuil an toscaire Cúba ag iarraidh a chur san áireamh sa téacs níos fearr in Airteagal a Bhliain agus a Dó, a phléann na hábhair sin.
Tar éis go raibh plé déanta ag ár gcoiste ar go leor leasuithe, d'eagraíomar dréacht-Airteagal 22 a bhí mar seo a leanas:
"1. Tá sé de cheart ag gach duine caighdeán maireachtála a bheith aige atá leordhóthanach chun sláinte agus dea-shláinte a theaghlaigh agus a chuid féin a áirithiú, lena n-áirítear bia, éadaí, tithíocht, cúram leighis agus seirbhísí sóisialta riachtanacha, agus chun slándála i gcás dífhostaíochta, tinneas, míchumais, dílseachta, seanachais nó easpa maireachtála eile in imthosca nach féidir leis a rialú.
"2. Tá sé de cheart ag máithreachas agus ar an óige cúram agus cúnamh speisialta a fháil".
Tá an dara foráil seo daor le croí an chomhalta ó Phoblacht na Dóminíneach. Tá sí ag troid ar son chearta na mban le blianta fada ina tír, agus ba é a phríomhphointe gur ceart é agus ní carthanas cúram agus cúnamh speisialta a thabhairt do mháithreacha agus do leanaí. Thosaigh stoirm, áfach, toisc gur dúirt an toscaire Rúiseach go raibh an Ríocht Aontaithe agus na Stáit Aontaithe araon tar éis an bhfíric a thabhairt faoi deara cé go nglacain siad leis an mír seo, go fóill nach raibh máthair agus óige i ndáiríre na focail cheart a úsáid. I Rúisis, a dúirt sé, ní raibh aon chiall ann, agus bheadh sé ina gáire ag gach duine, ós rud é go dtuigfeadh aon leanbh nach raibh an mhír seo focailithe go maith. Bhí an toscaire ón Ríocht Aontaithe agus mé féin sásta a rá go simplí "máthair agus leanbh", mar a luaitear i ndréacht bunaidh an ailt. Ach ar mhaithe le comhchuibhiú, ghlacamar leis an athrú agus sin an bealach a vótáladh é in ainneoin na bpróiseas agóide.
Cuireadh tríú mír leis a léigh: "Bainfidh leanaí a rugadh lasmuigh den phósadh an chosaint shóisialta céanna a bhaint as na leanaí a rugadh i bpósadh". Bhí mé i gcoinne an mhír seo, mar is léir dom go raibh gach leanbh, gan locht a bheith air féin, i dteideal na cúraim agus na cúraim speisialta céanna, agus ní bhraith mé go raibh gá le tagairt speisialta don choinníoll seo sa Dearbhú. Ina theannta sin, is cosúil liom go raibh tagairt soiléir don óige ar fad sa fhoráil maidir le leanaí atá sa dara mír cheana féin. Ach bhí tuairim dhifriúil ag tromlach na coiste, agus dá bhrí sin glacadh leis an alt iomlán lena n-áirítear an mhír seo.


15 Mar 2022 gs-mains-paper-1 INDIAN HISTORY
Question : It is said that “The Gupta era is often regarded as the high point of Ancient Indian civilization. It was a period of great achievements in art, literature and science and a period of change, as Indian civilization slowly evolved from its ancient form to its more modern manifestation”. Elaborate.
Write or upload your answer - SUBMIT HERE
(GS Mains; Paper-1)
Indian History: Art and Culture

15 Márta 2022 gs-mains-paper-1 INDIAN HISTORY
Ceist: Deirtear go bhfuil an ré Gupta a mheas go minic mar an pointe is airde de na Sean-scioblóide Indiach. Bhí sé ina thréimhse de mhór-roinn san ealaín, sa litríocht agus sa eolaíocht agus bhí sé ina thréimhse athraithe, de réir mar a tháinig sibhialtacht na hIndia chun cinn go mall óna fhoirm ársa go dtí a léiriú níos nua-aimseartha. Déan cur síos air.
Scríobh nó cuir do fhreagra ar líne - SUBMIT ANSEO
(GS Mains; Páipéar-1)
Stair na hIndia: Ealaín agus Cultúr


The ImmunoDiangostics Insulin Immunoassay is a Solid Phase ELISA that is designed to accurately detect Insulin in human serum and plasma samples.
The ImmunoDiagnostics Insulin (ELISA) is a reliable and reproducible tool for the quantitative detection of Insulin antigen. The assay is intended for use on human serum or plasma.
Numerous application fields exist, but particularly:
- Diabetes: The inadequate production of insulin is a major cause of Type 2 Diabetes while the loss of insulin producing cells leading to insulin deficiency is the cause of Type 1 Diabetes.
Metabolic Syndrome: Insulin resistance has been proposed to be a basic underlying cause of the broad-based metabolic syndrome.
Significantly more affordable than competitor kits
Insulin Antibody Coated Microstrips: One microplate, 12 strips with 8 wells each, 96 dry wells in total. The wells are coated with a monoclonal anti- human Insulin antibody. The microplate is sealed in a foil bag. Any unused strips should be returned to the bag and resealed for future use.
Detection Antibody Solution: Concentrate (100x conc). One vial containing 0.12 mL of an HRP conjugated monoclonal anti- human Insulin. Detection antibody should be diluted with only the 1X Assay Buffer needed.
Assay Buffer: Concentrate (5x conc). One vial containing 20 mL of buffer for dilution of the detection antibody. If precipitates are observed in the concentrated buffer, warm at 37oC until the precipitates disappear. Dilute 20 mL of 5x Assay Buffer with 80 mL diH2O to make a 1x concentration prior to use.
Human Insulin Standards: 0 μIU/mL (5 mL). 3 μIU/mL, 6 μIU/mL, 12 μIU/mL, 25 μIU/mL, 50 μIU/mL, 120 μIU/mL (0.3 mL each). Ready to Use.
Wash Buffer: Concentrate (10x conc). One vial containing 50 mL of 10x wash buffer. If precipitates are observed in the 10x solution, warm at 37oC until the precipitates disappear. Prepare 1x Wash Buffer my mixing 50 mL of 10x Wash Buffer with 450 mL diH2O.
Substrate Solution: One bottle containing 12 mL of TMB (3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine) substrate. Ready-to-use. Do not expose to light.
Stop Solution: One vial containing 12 mL of ready-to-use stop solution.
The Insulin ELISA is a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Standard, samples, and any desired controls are pipetted into the wells pre-coated with solid-phase capture antibody and co-incubated with an HRP conjugated monoclonal antibody targeting Insulin. After washing away any unbound substances a TMB solution is added to develop color in proportion to the amount of human Insulin initially bound. The color development is stopped by addition of an acidifying solution and the optical density is determined. By plotting a standard curve versus measured absorbance, the amount of antigen in the sample can be calculated. The concentration of the antigen is expressed in μIU/mL.
The kit contains calibrators and can be used in any laboratory equipped with a plate reader. The kit is optimized for the quantitative determination of human Insulin concentrations in serum plasma, and cell culture supernatant samples. The test can provide results within 90 minutes.
Example only! Do not use for calculations
4 Parameter Curve
Log-log Regression Curve
Considered to be the primary anabolic hormone, insulin is produced in the beta cells of the pancreas. Its main function is to regulate metabolism by promoting the absorption of glucose into the liver, muscles, and fat from the bloodstream. When the amount of glucose in the blood—known as blood sugar—is high, beta cells react by secreting insulin into the blood. By contrast, when blood sugar levels are low, insulin secretion is inhibited.
Animals with Type 1 diabetes have had their insulin producing beta cells destroyed in an autoimmune reaction. The result is an abnormally high blood sugar content and a generalized wasting away of the body. Those with Type 2 diabetes have lost beta functionality via accumulation of amyloid in the pancreatic islets compounded by insulin resistance in peripheral tissue. Often time multiple comorbidities can be observed, such as, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in a poorly understood metabolic syndrome.
Search this site for “ImmunoDiagnostics”

Is éard atá i ImmunoDiangostics Insulin Immunoassay ná ELISA Céim Dhomhchruinn atá deartha chun Insulin a bhrath go cruinn i samplaí serum agus plasma daonna.
Is uirlis iontaofa agus atáirgiúla é an Insulin ImmunoDiagnostics (ELISA) chun antígin Insulin a bhrath go cainníochtúil. Tá an tástáil ceaptha le húsáid ar shéar nó plasma daonna.
Tá réimse leathan feidhmchláir ann, ach go háirithe:
- Diaibéiteas: Is é an táirgeadh neamhleor ininsulin cúis mhór Diaibéiteas Cineál 2 agus is é an caillteanas cealla a tháirgeann inslin a fhágann go bhfuil easnamh inslin mar chúis Diaibéiteas Cineál 1.
Síndróm Meitibileach: Tá sé beartaithe go bhfuil friotaíocht inslin mar bhunchúis bhunúsach den siondróm meitibileach leathanbhunaithe.
Go suntasach níos inacmhainne ná trealamh iomaíochta
Microstrips Coated Insulin Antibody: Microplaite amháin, 12 stiall le 8 bholl gach ceann, 96 bholl tirim san iomlán. Tá na poill clúdaithe le frith-chorp monoclonal anti- Insulin daonna. Tá an micreaplaite faoi shéala i mála fóin. Déan na stiallacha nach bhfuil in úsáid a chur ar ais sa mála agus é a ath-slándáil le húsáid sa todhchaí.
Réiteach Frith-Comhlachta Aithint: Tionscartha (100x conc). 1 bhéal ina bhfuil 0. 12 mL de Insulin frith-dhaonna monoclonal coigeartaithe HRP. Ba cheart an t-ionchas a bhrath a dhíscaoileadh leis an 1X Assay Buffer amháin a theastaíonn.
Tá an t-ábhar a úsáidtear chun an tástáil a dhéanamh ar an mbonn. 1 bhéal ina bhfuil 20 ml de phasóg chun an t-ionchas a bhrath a dhíchur. Má dhéantar precipitates a fheiceáil sa phasfhocal tiubhaithe, téigh ag 37oC go dtí go dtéann na precipitates ar shiúl. Déan 20 ml de 5x Assay Buffer a dhíchur le 80 ml diH2O chun tiúchan 1x a dhéanamh sula n-úsáidtear é.
Caighdeáin Insulin Daonna: 0 μIU/ mL (5 mL). 3 μIU/ mL, 6 μIU/ mL, 12 μIU/ mL, 25 μIU/ mL, 50 μIU/ mL, 120 μIU/ mL (0.3 mL gach ceann). Réidh le húsáid.
Clúdach: 1 bhéal ina bhfuil 50 ml de 10x buffer níocháin. Má breathnaítear ar thorthaí sa réiteach 10x, téigh ag 37oC go dtí go n-imíonn na thorthaí. Ullmhaigh 1x Wash Buffer mo mheascadh 50 mL de 10x Wash Buffer le 450 mL diH2O.
Slíocht Substrate: 1 bhuidéal ina bhfuil 12 mL de substrate TMB (3, 3, 5, 5- Tetramethylbenzidine). Réidh le húsáid. Ná cuir i láthair an tsolais é.
Solution Stop: 1 bhéal ina bhfuil 12 mL de réiteach réidh le húsáid stop.
Is éard atá sa Insulin ELISA ná imuimhnathástáil enzyme sandwich cainníochtúil. Tá an t-ábhar a úsáidtear chun an t-ábhar a scriosadh agus a scriosadh ag an am céanna. Tar éis aon substaintí neamhcheangailte a ní, cuirtear tuaslagán TMB leis chun dath a fhorbairt i gcomhréir leis an méid Insulin daonna a cheangail ar dtús. Cuirtear stop le forbairt an dhath trí réiteach aigéadaithe a chur leis agus cinnítear an dlús optúil. Trí chúrsa caighdeánach a phlátaíocht i gcomparáid le hionchaithint tomhaiste, is féidir méid an antaigin sa sampla a ríomh. Léirítear tiúchan an antaigin i μIU/mL.
Tá calibratóirí sa trealamh agus is féidir iad a úsáid in aon saotharlann a bhfuil léitheoir pláta ann. Tá an trealamh oiriúnach chun tiúchan Insulin daonna a chinneadh go cainníochtúil i plasma serum, agus samplaí supernatant cultúir chealla. Is féidir leis an tástáil torthaí a sholáthar laistigh de 90 nóiméad.
Sampla amháin! Ná húsáid le haghaidh ríomhanna
4 Cúrva Paraméadair
Cúrva Athbhunaithe Log-log
Meastar gurb é an príomhhormón anabalacha é, déantar insinílín i gcealla béite an pancreas. Is é a phríomhfheidhm meitibileacht a rialáil trí chur chun cinn a dhéanamh ar ionsú glúcóis isteach sa ae, i matáin, agus saille ón sruth fola. Nuair a bhíonn an méid glúcóis sa fhuil - ar a dtugtar siúcra fola - ard, freagraíonn cealla béite trí inslin a eisiúint isteach sa fhuil. Ar a mhalairt, nuair a bhíonn leibhéil siúcra fola íseal, cuirtear bac ar shrianta insulin.
Tá cealla béite a tháirgeann inslin a scriosadh i ngníomh autoimmune ag ainmhithe le diaibéiteas Cineál 1. Is é an toradh ná cion siúcra fola neamhghnácha ard agus meath ginearálta ar an gcomhlacht. Tá caillteanas feidhmiúlacht béite ag daoine le diaibéiteas Cineál 2 trí chruinniú amyloid sna hoileáin pancreas a chuireann friotaíocht insliní i bhfíochán imill. Is minic a dhéantar comorbidities ilfhada a bhreathnú, mar shampla, ardteannas, murtall, agus galar cardashoithíoch i siondróm meitibileach nach dtuigeann go maith.
Cuardaigh an suíomh seo le haghaidh  ImmunoDiagnostics


The Panama Canal
Since the discovery of the Pacific coast of Panama, visionaries dreamed of one day creating a great passageway from the Atlantic to the Pacific, thus avoiding the 12,000-mile journey around the tip of South America. That day finally came in August of 1914, after decades of planning and excavation. Although only 40 miles from shoreline to shoreline, the ingenuity and tenacity of the canal's creators are evident with each and every movement of this magnificent lake-and-lock-type canal. It's bound to be a voyage you will never forget.
The Panama Canal extends approximately 80 km. (50 miles) from Panama City on the Pacific Ocean to Colon on the Caribbean Sea. It is widely considered to be one of the world's great engineering achievements. The United States is the largest user of the Canal in terms of cargo tonnage, as either port of origin or destination, although Asian countries are beginning to close the gap. About 12% of U.S. sea-borne international trade, in terms of tonnage, passes through the Canal annually. Ships bound for Japan from the East Coast of the United States save about 3,000 miles by going through the Canal; ships sailing from Ecuador to Europe save about 5,000 miles.
Around 13,000 ships transit the Canal each year, hauling an estimated four- percent of the world's goods around the globe. About 70 percent of all trade through the Canal are coming from or heading to the U.S. Traffic is projected to increase two percent per year.
Fifty (50) million gallons of fresh water are needed to float one ship through the Canal and all of it is supplied free of charge by forests on the surrounding hillsides, which capture the abundant tropical rains and feed the Canal with rivers.
The Panama Canal Authority has implemented a $1 billion improvement program to maintain the Canal and keep it competitive. The program includes the widening of the narrow Gaillard Cut allowing two-way traffic for even the largest ships and increasing Canal capacity.
In 1903, the Republic of Panama and the United States signed the original Panama Canal Treaty, which allowed the United States to build and operate a canal connecting the Pacific Ocean with the Caribbean Sea through the Isthmus of Panama. The Treaty granted the United States the use, occupation, and control of a Canal Zone, approximately 10 miles wide, in which the United States possessed full sovereign rights. In return, the United States guaranteed the independence of Panama and paid the government of Panama $10 million, as well as an annuity of $250,000, which each year increased at a rate far beyond that of inflation.
On September 7, 1977, a new Panama Canal Treaty was signed by President Torrijos of Panama and President Carter of the United States that transferred full control of the Canal to Panama on December 31, 1999. Under this Treaty, the Panama Canal Company, the Canal Zone, and its government were disenfranchised on October 1, 1979, and replaced by the Panama Canal Commission that operated the Canal during the 20-year transition period that began with the Treaty. The Panama Canal Commission has now been replaced by a new Panamanian entity, the Panama Canal Authority. The treaty guarantees permanent neutrality of the Canal. Control over U.S. military facilities in the former Panama Canal Zone has reverted to Panamanian authority. The U.S. Southern Command and U.S. Army South troops moved out of Panama at the end of 1999.
Panama Canal Developments
The Canal itself is undergoing a modernization and maintenance program of up to $1 billion, which includes finishing of the widening of Gaillard Cut as well as improvement of the locomotives (mulas) used to guide the ships through the locks, the docks, the tugs and all the machinery of the Canal operation. In addition, the Panama Canal Authority has announced preparations for constructing a third set of locks. A multi-phase program includes building additional water reservoirs to increase water availability both for the Canal and the terminal cities; dredging the entrances to the Canal to allow the entrance of larger ships to the ports; similarly deepening Gaillard Cut and Gatun Lake; building the new locks and constructing two bridges over the next ten years.
Ports and Railroad
Additionally, Panama's ports are expanding their container transshipment capacity. Manzanillo International Terminal completed a $100 million expansion program, the port of Balboa is finishing a $130 million expansion program, and another $200 million phase three program. The Evergreen port at Colon will enter a second phase of expansion and a new port at Farfan, on the Pacific side, will be defined.
All this activity will allow Panama to transship over 2.8 million containers per year around year 2005 and continue growing over the years making Panama the No.1 container transshipment center in Latin America.
Together with the ports, the restored railroad by Kansas City Southern Railways already operational connect the ports creating a land bridge to complement the Canal.
This port and railroad activity will require additional services from the local economy such as financing, insurance, specialized maintenance and repair, electricity and water, telecommunications, trained manpower and other services, and it will create new business opportunities for logistics and cargo industries.
Some of the multi-million dollar investment opportunities include:
The development of major intermodal transportation and logistics centers at Colon and at the Howard/Farfan complex on the Pacific, including the construction of a new container port at Farfan.
Ship owners services, servicing of vessels, ship repair and maintenance, container repair, intermodal cargo services.
The future construction of the third set of locks, which will include the necessity for additional water resources, expanded hydroelectric power generation, the expansion of the entrances to the Canal and the deepening of Gatun Lake and Culebra Cut.
Contracts related to the Panama Canal operation (provisions, equipment, material, construction, consulting etc.) that reached $135 million in 2001, not including purchases of $22 million.
Provision of concessionary services to the ports (power, water, fuel, material, food, banking services, telecommunications, maintenance and repair, dredging) estimated at between $47 and $60 million annually).
Services to passengers and crewmembers transiting the Canal, which in 2000 numbered 255,571 and 458,134 respectively.
Services to smaller ships, such as yachts and motor cruisers, which totaled 1,748 in 2001.
The relocation of approximately 8 to 10 thousand persons, as a result of Canal expansion, requiring housing and infrastructure.
Cruise ship reception and tourism.
In terms of related air transport opportunities, Tocumen International Airport should be developed as an international and regional hub for both passenger traffic and cargo; the former Howard airforce base should become an aviation industrial center, making use of its modern airport facilities; and construction of the cargo airport at France Field in the Atlantic must be completed.
Howard/Farfan Multimodal Project
The studies made for the development of this sector clearly indicate that their location at the entrance and west shore of the Panama Canal is ideal for the establishment of a multimodal center for industry and the commerce. The existing airport infrastructure, and advance telecommunications facilities and the integration of the just in time manufacture with the multimodal transport will provide fast and flexible connections between users, suppliers and clients.
These areas and facilities that reverted to Panama at the end of 1999 have a total area of 2,628 hectares, and are one of the most important sites based on the opportunities for the development in the shores of the Canal in the Pacific.
A New Opportunity: Container Port in Farfan
Located at the Panama Canal’s entrance, near to the bridge of the Americas, the 253 hectares of Farfan are part of the former air base of Howard, the biggest military airport that the EE.UU Armed Forces had outside of the United States.
The Japanese government through its Agency for the Development (JICA), prepared a feasibility study that reveals that after occurring the maximum development of the Balboa port and after its modernization, Farfan can become the second great port of containers in the Pacific.
This port will be part of the multimodal center of transport that Panama promotes. With a view to integrate itself more indeed to the system of international transport its proximity to the port of Balboa and the airport of Howard makes this site especially attractive for the predicted development.
Business Opportunities of the Howard Project:
Center of repair and maintenance of airplanes and helicopters.
Development of a harbor complex in Farfan
Logistic center of manufacturing and distribution
Industrial parks and processing zones for export
Development of residential areas
Establishment of educative and institutional centers
Recreational parks, of sports and tourist and recreational activities.
Howard/Farfan has an estimated value of US$1 billion that will require participation from major developers or consortiums.
The Panama Canal plays a significant role in the country's economy and has contributed an average of six percent of Panama's GDP since the 1980s.

An Canail Phanama
Ó aimsíodh cósta Pacific na Panama, léargas a bhí ar fhísheolaithe lá amháin a chruthú ar bhealach mór ó an Atlantaigh go dtí an Aigéan Ciúin, agus mar sin a sheachaint an turas 12,000 míle timpeall an ceann de Mheiriceá Theas. Tháinig an lá sin sa deireadh i mí Lúnasa 1914, tar éis na ndeich mbliana de phleanáil agus de dhíthchruthú. Cé nach bhfuil ach 40 míle ó chósta go cósta, tá ingneacht agus diongbháilteacht chruthaitheoirí an chainéil le feiceáil le gach gluaiseacht den chainéil iontach seo den chineál loch agus cló. Tá sé faoi cheangal a bheith ina turas nach mbeidh tú dearmad riamh.
Tá an Canail Panama thart ar 80 km ar fad. (50 míle) ó Panama City ar an Aigéan Ciúin go Colon ar an Mhuir Chaibí. Meastar go forleathan gurb é an t-inneall seo ceann de na héachtaí innealtóireachta is mó ar domhan. Is iad na Stáit Aontaithe an t-úsáideoir is mó den Chainéal i dtéarmaí tonnáiste lasta, mar chalafort tionscnaimh nó ceann scríbe, cé go bhfuil tíortha na hÁise ag tosú ag dúnadh an bhearna. Téann thart ar 12% de thrádáil idirnáisiúnta muirí na Stát Aontaithe, i dtéarmaí tonnáiste, tríd an gCanail go bliantúil. Sábhálann longa atá ag dul go dtí an tSeapáin ó Chósta Thoir na Stát Aontaithe thart ar 3,000 míle trína dul tríd an gCanail; sábhálann longa atá ag seoltóireacht ó Eacwadór go dtí an Eoraip thart ar 5,000 míle.
Téann thart ar 13,000 long tríd an gCanail gach bliain, agus meastar go bhfuil ceithre faoin gcéad de earraí an domhain á n-iompar ar fud an domhain. Tá thart ar 70 faoin gcéad den trádáil ar fad tríd an gCanail ag teacht ó na Stáit Aontaithe nó ag dul chuig na Stáit Aontaithe.
Tá gá le 50 milliún galún de uisce úr chun long amháin a shruthlú tríd an gCanail agus soláthraítear an t-uisce go léir saor in aisce ag foraoisí ar na cnoic timpeall, a ghlacann na báistí trópaiceacha iomadúla agus a chuireann abhainní ar an gCanail.
Tá clár feabhsaithe $ 1 billiún curtha i bhfeidhm ag Údarás Canail Panama chun an Canail a chothabháil agus é a choinneáil iomaíoch. Áirítear sa chlár leathnú Gaillard Cut caol a cheadaíonn trácht dhá bhealach fiú do na longa is mó agus cumas Cainéal a mhéadú.
Sa bhliain 1903, shínigh Poblacht na hPáinama agus na Stáit Aontaithe Conradh Canála na Páinama bunaidh, a lig do na Stáit Aontaithe canáil a thógáil agus a oibriú a nascann an Aigéan Ciúin leis an Mhuir Chairib trí Isthmus na Páinama. Thug an Conradh na Stáit Aontaithe úsáid, áitíocht agus rialú ar Ghléas Conair, thart ar 10 míle ar leithead, ina raibh cearta uile-rialacha ag na Stáit Aontaithe. Ina dhiaidh sin, d'fhógair na Stáit Aontaithe neamhspleáchas Panama agus d'íoc siad $10 milliún le rialtas Panama, chomh maith le $250,000 in aon bhliain, rud a mhéadaigh i bhfad níos mó ná an ráta boilscithe.
Ar 7 Meán Fómhair 1977, shínigh Uachtarán Torrijos de Phainamá agus Uachtarán Carter na Stát Aontaithe Conradh Nua um Chanáil Phainamá a d'aistrigh rialú iomlán an Chainéil chuig Phainamá ar 31 Nollaig, 1999. Faoi Chonradh seo, dífhostaíodh an Chuideachta Chanáil Phánaim, an Limistéar Chanáil, agus a rialtas ar 1 Deireadh Fómhair, 1979, agus cuireadh an Coimisiún Chanáil Phánaim ina ionad a d'oibrigh an Chainéal le linn na tréimhse idirthréimhseach 20 bliain a thosaigh leis an gConradh. Tá eintiteas nua de chuid Phánaim, Údarás Chanáil Phánaim, tar éis teacht in ionad Choimisiún Chanáil Phánaim. Ráthaíonn an conradh neodracht buan an Chanála. Tá smacht ar áiseanna míleata na Stát Aontaithe sa tSean-Canail Phanama iar-aisghabháil ag údarás na Phanama. D'éirigh trúpaí an Chúige Theas na SA agus na hAeráide Mheiriceá ó Panama ag deireadh 1999.
Forbairtí ar Chainéal Phánaima
Tá clár nuachóiriú agus cothabhála suas le $ 1 billiún á dhéanamh ar an gCanail féin, lena n-áirítear deireadh a chur le leathnú Gaillard Cut chomh maith le feabhas a chur ar na locomotives (mulas) a úsáidtear chun na longa a threorú trí na sliseanna, na doic, na tugs agus an meaisíníocht go léir d'oibríocht an Chainéal. Ina theannta sin, d'fhógair Údarás Canail Phánaima go bhfuil ullmhúcháin á ndéanamh chun an tríú sraith slis a thógáil. Áirítear ar chlár ilchéime ná cisterneanna uisce breise a thógáil chun fáil uisce a mhéadú don Chainéal agus do na cathracha críochfoirt araon; na hiontrálacha don Chainéal a dhragáil chun ligean do longa níos mó dul isteach sna calafoirt; Gaillard Cut agus Loch Gatun a dhoimhneáil ar an gcaoi chéanna; na sliseanna nua a thógáil agus dhá dhroichead a thógáil sna deich mbliana amach romhainn.
Chalafoirt agus Iarnród
Ina theannta sin, tá calafoirt Phánaima ag leathnú a gcumas trasloingseoireachta coimeádáin. Tá clár leathnaithe $ 100 milliún críochnaithe ag críochfort idirnáisiúnta Manzanillo, tá clár leathnaithe $ 130 milliún ag críochnú calafort Balboa, agus clár céim a trí $ 200 milliún eile. Cuirfear calafort Evergreen i Colon isteach i dara céim den leathnú agus sainfear calafort nua i Farfan, ar thaobh an Aigéin Chiúin.
Cuirfidh an ghníomhaíocht seo go léir ar chumas Panama níos mó ná 2.8 milliún coimeádán a thras-loingsiú in aghaidh na bliana timpeall 2005 agus leanúint ag fás thar na blianta ag déanamh Panama mar an ionad trasloingseoireachta coimeádán Uimh. 1 i Meiriceá Laidineach.
Chomh maith leis na calafoirt, nascann an iarnród athchóirithe ag Iarnróid Theas Kansas City na calafoirt ag cruthú droichead talún chun an Conair a chomhlánú.
Beidh gá le seirbhísí breise ón ngeilleagar áitiúil mar mhaoiniú, árachas, cothabháil agus deisiú speisialaithe, leictreachas agus uisce, teileachumarsáid, saotharlaigh oilte agus seirbhísí eile, agus cruthaíonn sé deiseanna gnó nua do thionscail lóistíochta agus lasta.
I measc na deiseanna infheistíochta il-milliún dollar tá:
Forbairt na n-ionad móra iompair agus lóistíochta idirmhodála ag Colon agus ag an gcomhchoimpléasc Howard/Farfan ar an Aigéan Ciúin, lena n-áirítear calafort coimeádáin nua a thógáil ag Farfan.
Seirbhísí úinéirí long, seirbhís long, deisiú agus cothabháil long, deisiú coimeádáin, seirbhísí lasta idirmhodála.
Tógadh an tríú sraith sléibhte amach anseo, a chuimsíonn an gá le hacmhainní uisce breise, táirgeadh cumhachta hidrealaíoch leathnaithe, leathnú iontrálacha an Chainéal agus doimhneacht Loch Gatun agus Culebra Cut.
Conarthaí a bhaineann le hoibriú Chanáil Phánamá (soláthairtí, trealamh, ábhar, tógáil, comhairliúchán etc.) go raibh $ 135 milliún ann i 2001, gan ceannacháin $ 22 milliún a áireamh.
Seirbhísí coinsíneacha a sholáthar do na calafoirt (cumhacht, uisce, breosla, ábhar, bia, seirbhísí baincéireachta, teileachumarsáid, cothabháil agus deisiú, dréagáil) a mheastar a bheith idir $47 agus $60 milliún in aghaidh na bliana.
Seirbhísí do phaisinéirí agus do bhaill foirne a bhí ag taisteal tríd an gCanail, a raibh 255,571 agus 458,134 acu in 2000 faoi seach.
Seirbhísí do longa níos lú, amhail iátha agus cruiseoirí mótair, a bhí 1,748 in 2001.
Athshuíomh thart ar 8 go 10 míle duine, mar thoradh ar leathnú na Cainéil, a éilíonn tithíocht agus bonneagar.
Fáilte chuig long turais agus turasóireacht.
Maidir le deiseanna a bhaineann le haer-iompar gaolmhar, ba cheart Aerfort Idirnáisiúnta Tocumen a fhorbairt mar mhol idirnáisiúnta agus réigiúnach do thrácht paisinéirí agus lasta araon; ba cheart go mbeadh an iarbhonn aerfhórsa Howard ina ionad tionsclaíoch eitlíochta, ag baint úsáide as a chuid áiseanna aerfoirt nua-aimseartha; agus ní mór tógáil aerfort lasta ag France Field san Atlantaigh a chur i gcrích.
Tionscadal Ilmhódail Howard/Farfan
Léiríonn na staidéir a rinneadh maidir le forbairt na hearnála seo go soiléir go bhfuil a suíomh ag iontráil agus ar chósta thiar Chanáil Phána mhanaidh oiriúnach chun ionad ilmhódail a bhunú do thionscal agus do thrádáil. Beidh an bonneagar aerfoirt atá ann cheana, agus na háiseanna teileachumarsáide chun cinn agus an comhtháthú den mhonarú díreach in am leis an iompar ilmhódail ag soláthar naisc tapa agus solúbtha idir úsáideoirí, soláthraithe agus custaiméirí.
Tá limistéar agus áiseanna a d'fhill ar Panama ag deireadh 1999 ar limistéar iomlán de 2,628 heicteár, agus tá siad ar cheann de na suíomhanna is tábhachtaí bunaithe ar na deiseanna le haghaidh forbartha ar chóstaí an Chainéal sa Aigéan Ciúin.
Deis Nua: Port Coimeádáin i Farfan
Lonnaithe ag iontráil Chanáil Phánamá, gar do bhrú na Meirice, tá 253 heicteár Farfan mar chuid de bhunachar aeir Howard, an t-aerfort míleata is mó a bhí ag Fórsaí Armtha na SAE lasmuigh de na Stáit Aontaithe.
Ullmhaigh rialtas na Seapáine trína Ghníomhaireacht um Fhorbairt (JICA), staidéar indéantachta a nochtann go bhféadfaidh Farfan a bheith ar an dara calafort mór coimeádáin sa Aigéan Ciúin tar éis forbairt uasta calafort Balboa a bheith ann agus tar éis a nuachóiriú.
Beidh an calafort seo mar chuid den ionad iompair ilmhódail a chuireann Panama chun cinn. D'fhonn é féin a chomhtháthú níos mó i ndáiríre le córas iompair idirnáisiúnta déanann a chaidreamh le calafort Balboa agus aerfort Howard an suíomh seo tarraingteach go háirithe don fhorbairt a bhfuiltear ag súil leis.
Deiseanna Gnó an Tionscadail Howard:
Ionad um dheisiú agus cothabháil eitleáin agus héileacaptair.
Comhdhéanamh coimpléasc calafoirt i Farfan
Ionad lóistíochta déantúsaíochta agus dáileacháin
Páirceanna tionsclaíocha agus limistéir phróiseála chun onnmhairí a dhéanamh
Forbairt ceantair chónaithe
Ionad oideachais agus institiúideacha a bhunú
Páirceanna áineasa, spóirt agus gníomhaíochtaí turasóireachta agus áineasa.
Tá luach measta $ 1 billiún ag Howard / Farfan a éilíonn rannpháirtíocht ó fhorbróirí nó comhchoiltiúirí móra.
Tá ról suntasach ag an gCanail Panama i ngeilleagar na tíre agus tá sé rannpháirteach ar an meán de shé faoin gcéad de OTI na Panamá ó na 1980idí.


Last Friday, SoundEarth hosted its first-ever South Sound Environmental Managers Forum in Tacoma. The idea behind this series of monthly events is to provide not only short, timely presentations on topics that affect environmental managers and their facilities, but also a place where they can share advice, ideas, concerns, and solutions with their peers away from the facility.
For our first round, we talked about Dangerous Waste and Community Right-to-Know Reporting. Here’s a peak at what we covered:
What is Solid Waste? What is Hazardous Waste?
We clarified RCRA’s definitions and the differences between listed hazardous waste and characteristic hazardous waste. In particular, here are the rules specific to listed waste that you should note:
Mixture Rule: A waste mixture that includes a RCRA-listed hazardous waste is automatically a RCRA-listed hazardous waste and carries the listing with the mixture. The chemical concentrations in the waste are irrelevant.
Derived from Rule: “Once a RCRA-listed hazardous waste, always a RCRA listed hazardous waste.” Waste generated from treatment, storage, or disposal is derived from a RCRA-listed hazardous waste. Ex. If listed waste is incinerated, the ash still carries the listed waste code even if the chemicals were destroyed during incineration.
Contained-in Rule: If you are disposing of soil or groundwater contaminated with a listed dangerous waste, you must manage the entire volume as if it were dangerous waste until it no longer contains the dangerous waste or is de-listed. Under Ecology’s contained-in policy, Ecology may determine that your contaminated soil or groundwater no longer contains a listed dangerous waste or is below risk-based levels.
Washington-Specific Waste Rules and Reporting
The “Dangerous Waste Regulations” are Washington State’s own set of rules that are more stringent than their federal counterparts, so we clarified the definitions of state-only dangerous waste and state-only special waste.
We also summarized what goes into Washington State’s Dangerous Waste Annual Report and who is required to submit one. There have been recent changes to the reporting system and to the requirements of the report. Most importantly, you should know:
- Every site with an active EPA/State ID Number must submit a dangerous waste annual report to the Department of Ecology
- Report Due Date: March 1
- No extensions are given!
- Submit all reports electronically through TurboWaste
- 84-page guide for RY2018 available
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
The key purposes of EPCRA are to protect public health, safety, and the environment from chemical hazards; to create a partnership between, state, local agencies, tribal nations, and industry; to plan for emergencies and disasters; and to provide important information for first responders.
There are four reports that fall under EPCRA:
- Emergency Response Planning
- Emergency Release Notifications
- Hazardous Chemical Inventory Reporting (Tier Two)
- Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Reporting
This month, we covered Tier Two reports, their requirements and who is subject to them (tip, they’re also due March 1).
Next month, the South Sound Environmental Managers Forum will cover TRI Reports.
If you’d like more information on any of the above or are interested in receiving a copy of the presentation materials, please email us. Similarly, if you’re in Tacoma or the surrounding areas and work in a capacity similar to an environmental manager, please join us for the next Forum! Email us for more information.

Dé hAoine seo caite, d'óstáil SoundEarth a chéad Fóram Bainistithe Comhshaoil South Sound i Tacoma. Is é an smaoineamh atá taobh thiar den tsraith imeachtaí míosúla seo ná cur i láthair gairid, tráthúil a sholáthar ar ábhair a théann i bhfeidhm ar bhainisteoirí comhshaoil agus a saoráidí, ach freisin áit inar féidir leo comhairle, smaointe, imní agus réitigh a roinnt lena gcairde lasmuigh den saoráid.
Maidir lenár gcéad bhabhta, labhair muid faoi Dhramhaíl Chuntasach agus Tuarascáil um Cheart an Phobail ar Eolas. Seo pictiúr de na rudaí a d'fhorbair muid:
Cad é an Dramhaíola Dhomhsa? Cad é an Dramhaíl Chuntasach?
Rinneamar sainmhínithe RCRA agus na difríochtaí idir dramhaíl bhagairt liostaithe agus dramhaíl ghnéasach a shoiléiriú. Go háirithe, seo na rialacha atá sonrach do dhramhaíl liostaithe ar cheart duit a bheith ar an eolas fúthu:
Rialacha maidir le meascáin: Is dramhaíl contúirteach atá liostaithe ag RCRA é meascán dramhaíola ina bhfuil dramhaíl contúirteach atá liostaithe ag RCRA agus déantar an liosta a iompar leis an meascán. Tá na tiúchan ceimiceacha sa dramhaíl neamhábhartha.
Tógadh as Riail:  Aon uair a liostaítear dramhaíl contúirteach RCRA, i gcónaí dramhaíl contúirteach RCRA. Tógadh dramhaíl a ghintear ó chóireáil, stóráil nó diúscairt ó dhramhaíl contúirteach RCRA. Ex. Má dhéantar dramhaíl liostaithe a dhó, beidh an cód dramhaíl liostaithe fós ar an scamhóg fiú má scriosadh na ceimiceáin le linn na dóite.
Riail atá i gceist: Má tá tú ag fáil réidh le ithir nó le talamh-uisce atá truaillithe le dramhaíl contúirteach atá liostaithe, ní mór duit an méid iomlán a bhainistiú amhail is dá mba dramhaíl contúirteach é go dtí nach bhfuil an dramhaíl contúirteach ann a thuilleadh nó go ndéantar é a bhaint as an liosta. Faoi bheartas atá i gceist ag Ecology, féadfaidh Ecology a chinneadh nach bhfuil dramhaíl thirim atá liostaithe ann a thuilleadh i do thalamh nó i do thalamh-uisce truaillithe nó go bhfuil sé faoi bhun leibhéil riosca.
Rialacha agus Tuairisciú Dramhaíola Sonacha Washington
Is é an "Rialachán um Dhramhaíl Chuntasach" sraith rialacha féin Stáit Washington atá níos déine ná a gcomhghleacaithe cónaidhme, mar sin shoiléireamar na sainmhínithe ar dhramhaíl chuntasach stáit amháin agus ar dhramhaíl speisialta stáit amháin.
Rinneamar achoimre freisin ar an méid a théann isteach i dTuarascáil Bhliantúil Dramhaíl Stáit Washington agus ar cé a cheanglaítear ar dhuine a chur isteach. Tá athruithe le déanaí tagtha ar an gcóras tuairiscithe agus ar na ceanglais a bhaineann leis an tuarascáil. Is é an rud is tábhachtaí, ba chóir duit a fhios:
- Ní mór do gach suíomh a bhfuil Uimhir Aitheantais EPA/State gníomhach aige tuarascáil bhliantúil dramhaíola contúirteacha a chur faoi bhráid na Roinne Éiceolaíochta
- Dáta Tuarascála: 1 Márta
- Ní dhéantar aon síneadh a thabhairt!
- Cuir gach tuarascáil isteach go leictreonach trí TurboWaste
- Treoir 84 leathanach le haghaidh RY2018 ar fáil
An tAcht um Pleanáil Éigeandála agus an tAcht um Cheart an Phobail ar Eolas
Is iad príomhchuspóirí EPCRA sláinte an phobail, sábháilteacht agus an timpeallacht a chosaint ó bhagairtí ceimiceacha; comhpháirtíocht a chruthú idir stát, gníomhaireachtaí áitiúla, náisiúin treibheacha agus an tionscal; pleanáil le haghaidh éigeandálaí agus tubaistí; agus faisnéis thábhachtach a sholáthar do chéad fhreagróirí.
Tá ceithre thuarascáil ann a thagann faoi EPCRA:
- Pleanáil Freagartha Éigeandála
- Fógraí um Scaoileadh Éigeandála
- Tuairiscithe ar Fhionnstáil Cheimiceach contúirteach (Leibhéal a Dó)
- Tuairisciú ar Inventar scaoilte tocsaineacha (TRI)
An mhí seo, rinneamar clú ar thuairiscí Leibhéal a Dó, a riachtanais agus cé atá faoi réir iad (leabhrán, tá siad le teacht ar an 1 Márta freisin).
An mhí seo chugainn, déanfaidh Fóram Bainistithe Comhshaoil South Sound tuarascálacha TRI a chlúdach.
Más mian leat tuilleadh faisnéise a fháil faoi aon cheann de na nithe thuasluaite nó má tá suim agat cóip de na hábhair cur i láthair a fháil, cuir ríomhphost chugainn. Ar an gcaoi chéanna, má tá tú i Tacoma nó sna ceantair máguaird agus má tá tú ag obair i gcáil atá cosúil le bainisteoir comhshaoil, tar éis an chéad Fhóram eile, bí linn! Seol ríomhphost chugainn le haghaidh tuilleadh faisnéise.