The word “CANDON” comes from “Kandong,” the name given by the natives to a big tree in the village around which life, culture and beauty centered.
This village, so the legend says, was ruled by three local chieftains: ABAY-A, MADALANG and KALINIO. Madalang chose as his abode the shade of this gargantuan tree and lived there with his only daughter, the beautiful Ineng. Abaya and Kalinio for their part lived with their tribes in caves somewhere in Kadanglaan and Kauplasan, respectively.
“I am growing old fast, Ineng,” Madalang said to his daughter. “One day I wish to see you married before Kabunyan calls me to the great beyond. But my child, I would only want a son-in-law who could defeat me in “Gabbu” (wrestling). What do you say, Ineng?” Ineng could only answer sobbing, “I submit to your wishes, dear father.”
And so one day, after the “Kaniaw” was over, the sound of gongs, cymbals and gangza intermingled and reverberated far and wide. Subsequently, the ruling junta composed of elders issued the announcement regarding the wrestling competition.
It was Abaya who first took the challenge. At the sound of the cymbal, the protagonists fought savagely like wild beasts. By some bad luck, Abay-a in his unguarded moment stumbled over a root of a Kandong Tree and lost his balance. Madalang took advantage of the situation and mercilessly sent Abay-a reeling to the ground with several broken ribs. That was the end of the bout.
Three weeks passed, and this time, Kalinio who was reputed to possess extraordinary strength took up the challenge. Just then, a crow going for its mate flew carelessly overhead as if to augur the impending disaster that would follow. Moments later, the fight began and both protagonists stood their grounds, and each manifested signs of being victorious.
Madalang who was reputed to be the strongest man in the village, tried his old ruse to send Kalinio off balance but was outwitted by his elusive foe. At the end, Kalinio emerged as the winner. So Ineng was married to victorious Kalinio.
Just as the celebration was going on, the Spanish conquistadores, who were on their way to colonize Northern Luzon, passed by and attacked the merrymakers. Some offered futile resistance, while others fled in confusion and fear.
Subsequently, the friars assigned in this village ordered the cutting of the Kandong Tree and in its place was planted the first cross of evangelization. The timbers taken from the tree were used in the construction of the first Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century.
According to tradition, when the colonizers set foot upon this place and inquired as to its name, the natives answered, “KANDONG,” referring to the tree. Since that time on, the place came to be called CANDON.
- CREATION OF THE MUNICIPALITY
The municipality was created in 1780 upon the installation of the first civil government under the Cabeza de Barangay, Don Juan P. Madarang by His Eminence, D. Mariano de Conquera, an Agustinian Friar.
Like other towns, Candon has its own history and foremeost among them is the Candon uprising popularly known as the “IKKIS TI CANDON,” as a response to the abuses and oppression perpetrated by the Spaniards.
The failure of the “Cry of Pugad Lawin” and “Pact of Biak-na-Bato” prompted Don Isabelo Abaya to organize a revolutionary group in preparation for the renewal of hostilities.
However, the premature discovery of the plot forced the revolutionaries to act swiftly and on March 25, 1898, the revolutionaries declared war against the Spaniards and established a revolutionary government in Candon.
Upon learning that the revolutionaries were busy conquering more towns, the Spaniards sent shock troops (CAZADORES) to re-occupy Candon. The town fell due to the numerically superior and better armed Spanish soldiers. Most of the leaders and participants in the uprising who surrendered were arrested and were summarily executed.
During the Japanese occupation, the gallant exploits of Candonino V. Gaerlan demonstrated the bravery and patriotism of the Candonians. In 1942, with a handful of followers, he staged an ambush and subsequently destroyed the Alambique steel bridge to impede the advancement of the enemies. Several truckloads of Japanese forces and supplies perished along the national highway. In retaliation, however, the remnants of the Japanese soldiers razed the town proper in January 1942 resulting in what is considered the greatest conflagration in the history of Candon. Also, countless atrocities were committed by the Imperial Forces in the Gabaldon School until November 1944.
- LOCAL EVENTS IN RETROSPECT
The cemetery yard in the Catholic Church located south of the Poblacion area was constructed in 1797. Famine swept through the town from 1881 to 1882. A swarm of locusts never known in the history of Candon plagued the place in 1890. The tragic cholera epidemic took place in the year 1902. The cogon roofing of the church tower was burned in 1750.
- R.A. 9018: THE CITY OF CANDON
After the very successful celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the historic “Cry of Candon” in 1998, Congressman Eric D. Singson filed a bill in the 10th Congress seeking to convert the Municipality of Candon into a component city of Ilocos Sur.
At that time the province of Ilocos Sur still had no city. Candon, being the foremost trading center in the second district of Ilocos Sur, showed great potential in leading the locality with economic progress and social development.
Already a 2nd Class Municipality with an average income of P42 Million, Candon’s conversion into a city would mean more progress and development for the Candonian people and for the Province of Ilocos Sur. So a vigorous campaign was launched in both houses of congress. Unfortunately, the aspirations of the people for their beloved Candon to become the first city of Ilocos Sur were frustrated by some opposition and politics.
In the 11th Congress, then Congresswoman Grace G. Singson re-filed the Candon Cityhood bill and eventually succeeded to have it passed into law as R.A. 9018.
In a plebiscite conducted on March 28, 2001, RA 9018 was ratified overwhelmingly by the people of Candon. On May 5, 2001, R.A. 9018 was signed by Her Excellency President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and House Speaker Sonny Belmonte at the Malacañang Palace.
To this day, the City of Candon maintains a steady course of progress and development as the recognized leader in the second District of Ilocos Sur. Banking on a well-educated, highly-competitive and hardworking citizenry, under the leadership of efficient and honorable city officials, Candon has earned its titles as the “Premier City in Southern Ilocos”, “Heart of Ilocandia”, Gateway to the Cordilleras and Ilocos”, and the uncontested “Tobacco Capital of the Philippines.”
- HISTORICAL TIMELINE
Malay settlers established a fishing and hunting community ruled by tribal elders who held court under a legendary and gigantic “Kandong” tree.
Spaniards from Vigan town expanded their territory to the south including this town. When they asked the natives the name of the place, the locals not understanding the language thought they were asking the name of the tree; so they told the invaders the name “Kandong.”
Late 16th to 19th century
Candon was established as a town following the felling of the great “Kandong” tree whose lumber was used to construct the Church Bell Tower as a strategy to convert the locals into Catholicism
March 25, 1898
Don Isabelo Abaya, the local hero, banded with a handful of Candonians to fight the Spaniards at dawn in the now famous “Ikkis ti Candon” (Cry of Candon). His group successfully entered the Municipal Cazadores to affect a Spanish surrender and declared Candon as an independent republic, a full three months before the Philippine national uprising in Biak na Bato.
May 3, 1900
Don Isabelo Abaya continued his fight as Comandante against the Americans after the Spaniards were vanquished by General Manuel Tinio’s brigade. He died as a prisoner of war in the hands of the Americans.
January 19, 1942
Candonino Gaerlan ambushed several truckloads of Japanese soldiers at the Gabaldon signaling another triumphant uprising by a local against the heavily armed foreign invaders.
Centennial celebration of Don Isabelo Abaya’s “Ikkis Ti Candon” (Cry of Candon) topped by Candon’s bid to become a component City.
March 28, 2001
Plebiscite results confirm Republic Act 9018 converting the town of Candon as the new component City of the Province of Ilocos Sur

Tagann an focal CANDON ó Kandong, an t-ainm a thug na dúchasaigh ar chrann mór sa sráidbhaile a raibh saol, cultúr agus áilleacht dírithe timpeall air.
An sráidbhaile seo, mar a deir an finscéal, bhí trí cheannasaí áitiúla á rialú aige: ABAY-A, MADALANG agus KALINIO. Madalang roghnaigh mar a áit chónaithe an scáth an crann gargantuan agus bhí cónaí ann lena iníon amháin, an Ineng álainn. Bhí Abaya agus Kalinio ina gcónaí lena gcuid treibheanna i gcluichí áit éigin i Kadanglaan agus Kauplasan, faoi seach.
"Tá mé ag dul in aois go tapa, Ineng", a dúirt Madalang lena iníon.  Aon lá amháin ba mhaith liom a fheiceáil tú pósta sula Kabunyan glaonna dom go dtí an níos mó mór. Ach mo leanbh, Ba mhaith liom ach mac-i-dlí a d'fhéadfadh defeat dom i  Gabbu (cathrú). Cad a deir tú, Ineng?  Ní fhéadfadh Ineng ach freagra a thabhairt ag caoineadh,  Táim ag cur faoi do mhianta, a athair.
Agus mar sin lá amháin, tar éis an Kaniaw a bheith críochnaithe, an fuaim de gongs, cymbals agus gangza intermingled agus reverberated i bhfad agus leathan. Ina dhiaidh sin, d'eisigh an junta rialaithe a bhí comhdhéanta d'aithreacha an fógra maidir leis an gcomórtas wrestling.
Ba é Abaya a ghlac an dúshlán ar dtús. Ag fuaim an cymbal, throid na príomhcharachtair go fiáin cosúil le beithigh fiáine. Trí droch-ádh, thit Abay-a i nóiméad neamhchúramach ar fhréamh crann Kandong agus chaill sé a chothromaíocht. D'úsáid Madalang an cás agus chuir sé Abay-a gan trócaire ag casadh ar an talamh le roinnt cófra briste. Ba é sin deireadh an boité.
D'imigh trí sheachtain, agus an uair seo, ghlac Kalinio a raibh cáil air go raibh neart neamhghnách aige leis an dúshlán. Díreach ansin, bhí corn ag dul ar a chéile ag eitilt thar a cheann gan aird amhail is dá mba rud é go raibh an tubaiste atá le teacht a bheadh le teacht. Amanna ina dhiaidh sin, thosaigh an troid agus sheas an dá phríomhcharachtar a gcuid cúiseanna, agus léirigh gach duine comharthaí a bheith buaite.
Rinne Madalang, a raibh cáil air mar an fear is láidre sa sráidbhaile, iarracht ar a sean-scéal Kalinio a chur as cothromaíocht ach bhí a namhaid dochreidte níos mó ná a chuid. Sa deireadh, tháinig Kalinio amach mar an buaiteoir. Mar sin bhí Ineng pósta le Kalinio buaiteora.
Díreach mar a bhí an ceiliúradh ar siúl, chuaigh na Conquistadores Spáinnis, a bhí ar a mbealach chun coilíneacht a dhéanamh ar Thuaisceart Luzon, thart agus thug siad ionsaí ar na daoine a bhí ag déanamh ceiliúradh. D'éirigh cuid acu go huathoibríoch, agus theith cuid eile i mbrú agus i eagla.
Ina dhiaidh sin, d'ordaigh na fraince a ceapadh sa sráidbhaile seo Crann Kandong a ghearradh agus in a áit plandáilte an chéad chros soiscéalaithe. Baineadh na tréithe a tógadh ón gcrann sin chun an chéad Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach a thógáil sa 16ú haois.
De réir an traidisiúin, nuair a chuir na coilíneoirí a cosa ar an áit seo agus d'fhiafraigh siad de a ainm, d'fhreagair na dúchasaigh, KANDONG, ag tagairt don chrann. Ón am sin i leith, tugadh CANDON ar an áit.
- CRUÍOCHTÚ NA COMHAONTA
Cruthaíodh an bardais i 1780 ar shuiteáil an chéad rialtas sibhialta faoi Cabeza de Barangay, Don Juan P. Madarang ag a Eminence, D. Mariano de Conquera, Friar Agustinian.
Cosúil le bailte eile, tá a stair féin ag Candon agus is é an ceann is mó díobh ná an t-ardú Candon ar a dtugtar go coitianta mar an IKKIS TI CANDON, mar fhreagra ar na mí-úsáidí agus ar an éagothroime a rinne na Spáinnigh.
Chuir teip ar Cry of Pugad Lawin agus Pact of Biak-na-Bato Don Isabelo Abaya chun grúpa réabhlóideach a eagrú mar ullmhúchán do athnuachan na n-easaontais.
Mar sin féin, chuir fionnachtana roimh am ar an gcómhairle na réabhlóideach chun gníomhú go tapa agus ar an 25 Márta, 1898, dhearbhaigh na réabhlóideach cogadh i gcoinne na Spáinnigh agus bhunaigh siad rialtas réabhlóideach i Candon.
Nuair a fuair na Spáinnigh amach go raibh na réabhlóideach gnóthach ag conquering níos mó cathracha, chuir siad trúpaí buille (CAZADORES) chun Candon a ath-ghnóthaigh. Thit an baile mar gheall ar na saighdiúirí Spáinneacha a bhí níos fearr go huimhriúil agus níos fearr armtha. Gabhadh an chuid is mó de na ceannairí agus na rannpháirtithe sa éirí amach a thug suas agus cuireadh chun báis iad go hachomair.
Le linn na hoibríochta Seapáine, léirigh feachtais gallant Candonino V. Gaerlan misneach agus tírghrá na Candonians. Sa bhliain 1942, le dornán leanúna, rinne sé léim agus ina dhiaidh sin scrios sé droichead cruach Alambique chun bac a chur ar dhul chun cinn na naimhde. Chailleadh roinnt trucailí a bhí lán de na fórsaí agus soláthairtí Seapánacha ar feadh an mhórbhealaigh náisiúnta. Mar aisíocaíocht, áfach, d'fhuascail na saighdiúirí Seapánacha an baile i mí Eanáir 1942 agus mar thoradh air sin an tinte is mó i stair Candon. Chomh maith leis sin, rinne na Fórsaí Impiriúla atrocities gan áireamh i Scoil Gabaldon go dtí Samhain 1944.
- Tuairimí Áitiúla
Tógadh an cúlchill choirp sa Eaglais Chaitliceach atá suite ó dheas den cheantar Poblacion i 1797. Bhí ocras ar fud na cathrach ó 1881 go 1882. Bhí slua locust nár aithníodh riamh i stair Candon ag plágaíocht an áit i 1890. Tharla an eipidéim choiléir tragóideach sa bhliain 1902. D'ól an díon cogon ar thóir an eaglais i 1750.
- R.A. 9018: An Chathair CANDON
Tar éis ceiliúradh an-rathúil ar 100ú Bliantúil Cry of Candon stairiúil i 1998, chuir an Comhdháil Eric D. Singson bille isteach sa 10ú Comhdháil ag iarraidh Bardas Candon a thiontú ina chathair chomhpháirteach de Ilocos Sur.
Ag an am sin, ní raibh cathair ag an gcathair Ilocos Sur fós. Léirigh Candon, mar an t-ionad trádála is mó sa dara ceantar de Ilocos Sur, acmhainn mhór chun an áit a threorú le dul chun cinn eacnamaíoch agus forbairt shóisialta.
Tá an Candon ina bhFórsa 2ú Rang cheana féin le meán-ioncam de P42 milliún, agus ciallaíonn a thiontú go cathair níos mó dul chun cinn agus forbairt do mhuintir Candonian agus do Chúige Ilocos Sur. Mar sin, seoladh feachtas láidir sa dá theach den chomhdháil. Ar an drochuair, chuir roinnt freasúra agus polaitíocht frustrachas ar mhianta na ndaoine go mbeadh a n-Candon beloved mar an chéad chathair de Ilocos Sur.
Sa 11ú Comhdháil, d'ath-chomhdail an tUasal Uachtarán Grace G. Singson an bille Candon Cityhood agus d'éirigh leis ar deireadh é a rith ina dhlí mar R.A. 9018.
I pléibistíocht a rinneadh an 28 Márta, 2001, daingnigh muintir Candon RA 9018 go mór. Ar 5 Bealtaine, 2001, shínigh a Uachtaráin Gloria Macapagal Arroyo agus Cainteoir na Tí Sonny Belmonte R.A. 9018 i bPalais Malacañang.
Go dtí an lá atá inniu ann, coinníonn Cathair Candon cúrsa seasmhach dul chun cinn agus forbartha mar an ceannaire aitheanta sa dara Ceantar de Ilocos Sur. Ag brath ar shaoránaigh dea-oideachas, an-iomaíoch agus dícheallach, faoi cheannaireacht oifigeach cathrach éifeachtach agus onóracha, tá Candon tar éis a teidil a thuilleamh mar an Premier City in Southern Ilocos, Heart of Ilocandia, Gateway to the Cordilleras agus Ilocos, agus an Tobacco Capital of the Philippines  gan amhras.
- TREOIRLEACHTAÍ TIRISCEALACH
Bhunaigh lonnaitheoirí Malaeis pobail iascaireachta agus fiach a bhí faoi rialú ag seanóirí treibhe a bhí i mbun cúirte faoi chrann Kandong legendary agus ollmhór.
Mhair na Spáinnigh ó bhaile Vigan a gcríoch go dtí an deisceart lena n-áirítear an chathair seo. Nuair a d'iarr siad ar na dúchasaigh ainm an áit, shíl na háitritheoirí nach raibh an teanga á thuiscint acu go raibh siad ag iarraidh ainm na craoibhe; mar sin dúirt siad leis na ionsaitheoirí an t-ainm Kandong.
Deireadh an 16ú haois go dtí an 19ú haois
Bunaíodh Candon mar bhaile tar éis crapadh crainn mhór Kandong a úsáideadh a chuid fiodh chun Túr Bell na hEaglaise a thógáil mar straitéis chun na háitritheoirí a thiontú go Caitliceachas
25 Márta, 1898
Chuaigh Don Isabelo Abaya, an laoch áitiúil, le dornán de Candonians chun troid leis na Spáinnigh ag breacadh na gréine sa Ikkis ti Candon (Crio Candon) cáiliúil anois. Tháinig a ghrúpa isteach go rathúil i gCazadores Bardasacha chun tionchar a imirt ar ghéilleadh na Spáinne agus dhearbhaigh siad Candon mar phoblacht neamhspleách, trí mhí iomlán roimh éirí amach náisiúnta na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha i Biak na Bato.
3 Bealtaine, 1900
Lean Don Isabelo Abaya ar aghaidh lena throid mar Comandante i gcoinne na Meiriceánaigh tar éis do bhriogáid an Ghinéarail Manuel Tinio na Spáinnigh a shárú. Fuair sé bás mar phríosúnach cogaidh i lámha na Meiriceánaigh.
19 Eanáir, 1942
Chuir Candonino Gaerlan ambush ar roinnt trucailí saighdiúirí Seapánacha ag an Gabaldon ag comharthaú ar éirí amach buailte eile ag áitiúil i gcoinne na n-ionsaitheoirí eachtracha trom-armtha.
Ceiliúradh céad bliain Don Isabelo Abaya  Ikkis Ti Candon  (Cry of Candon) a bhí ar bharr tairiscint Candon chun bheith ina Chathair chomhpháirteach.
28 Márta, 2001
Deimhníonn torthaí an phléibisicte Acht an Phoblachta 9018 ag athrú baile Candon mar an comhpháirt nua Cathrach de Chúige Ilocos Sur


macOS includes an application called Network Utility. This means that you do not need to download or install this app. This app provides a variety of handy networking tools and details. You can use this tool for variety of purposes, from troubleshooting a connection to looking up information.
How to find Network Utility:
There are two ways to open Network Utility.
The official path for the app is:
To open this folder, go to Finder, and click Go and Go To Folder and enter the path above and hit Go:
And then click Network Utility
If you are running an older version of macOS (OS X Mountain Lion, Lion, and Snow Leopard), then go to Finder> Applications > Utilities.
You can also open Spotlight by pressing Command-Space bar and type Network Utility to search and launch this app.
Network Utility lets you view information about your network connections:
The followings are the tools included in Network Utility.
Netstat: This means Network Statistics. You can use this tool to display very detailed information about all the active network connections (incoming and outgoing) on your Mac.
There are four options here and they are:
- Display routing table information
- Display comprehensive network statistics for each protocol
- Display multicast information
- Display the state of all current socket connections
You need to select one, and then click the blue “Netstat” button:
Ping: This tool lets you test the reachability of your Mac on an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
You need to enter an IP number (like 10.0.2.1) or URL (like macreports.com). You have also the option of sending only a selected number (like 10) of pings or unlimited number of pings. And then click the yellow Ping button:
Lookup: This tool will let you test your DNS server. Simply enter an Internet address and then click Lookup.
Traceroute: This will let you trace network traffic paths.
Simply enter the IP address or domain name and click Trace. It may take up to a minute for the results.
Whois: You check a domain’s whois information. This will let you review the ownership and tenure of a domain name. So you can review who registered and owns a domain name, including their contact information. Simply enter a domain name address and and then select a whois server to search. Then click Whois.
Finger: You can use this to find information about computer users. Simply enter a username and domain address to do this test:
Port Scan: This tool will let you check for open TCP/IP ports, ports 1 through 65535. Simply enter an Internet address to do this test:
Your Mac’s Network Utility is a basic but offers handy networking tools.

Cuimsíonn macOS feidhmchlár ar a dtugtar Utility Líonra. Ciallaíonn sé seo nach gá duit an aip seo a íoslódáil nó a shuiteáil. Soláthraíonn an aip seo uirlisí agus sonraí líonraithe áisiúla éagsúla. Is féidir leat an uirlis seo a úsáid chun críocha éagsúla, ó réiteach fadhbanna nasc go faisnéis a chuardach.
Conas an Fóntais Líonra a fháil:
Tá dhá bhealach ann chun Fóntais Líonra a oscailt.
Is é an bealach oifigiúil don aip:
Chun an fillteán seo a oscailt, téigh go Finder, agus cliceáil Téigh agus Téigh go Filteán agus cuir isteach an cosán thuas agus cliceáil Téigh:
Agus ansin cliceáil ar Úsáideoireacht Líonra
Má tá leagan níos sine de macOS á reáchtáil agat (OS X Mountain Lion, Lion, agus Snow Leopard), téigh ansin go Finder> Applications > Utilities.
Is féidir leat Spotlight a oscailt freisin trí bhrú a chur ar bharra Command-Space agus Utility Líonra a chlóscríobh chun an aip seo a chuardach agus a sheoladh.
Ligeann Úsáideoireacht Líonra duit faisnéis a fheiceáil faoi do cheangail líonra:
Seo a leanas na huirlisí atá san áireamh i nÚsáideoireacht Líonra.
Netstat: ciallaíonn sé sin Staitisticí Líonra. Is féidir leat an uirlis seo a úsáid chun faisnéis an-imríomhaithe a thaispeáint faoi naisc líonra gníomhacha go léir (teagmhála agus imeacht) ar do Mac.
Tá ceithre rogha ann agus is iad seo:
- faisnéis a thaispeáint i dtaibhlín ródaithe
- Staitisticí líonra cuimsitheacha a thaispeáint do gach prótacal
- faisnéis ilchraolta a thaispeáint
- Léiríonn sé stádas na nascanna soicéad reatha go léir
Ní mór duit ceann a roghnú, agus ansin cliceáil ar an gcnaipe gorm Netstat:
Ping: Ligeann an uirlis seo duit tástáil a dhéanamh ar inrochtaineacht do Mac ar líonra Prótacal Idirlín (IP).
Ní mór duit uimhir IP (cosúil le 10.0.2.1) nó URL (cosúil le macreports.com) a iontráil. Tá an rogha agat freisin líon roghnaithe (mar shampla 10) de phingí a sheoladh nó líon neamhtheoranta de phingí. Agus ansin cliceáil ar an gcnaipe Ping buí:
Féach: Ligeann an uirlis seo duit do fhreastalaí DNS a thástáil. Níl le déanamh agat ach seoladh Idirlín a iontráil agus ansin cliceáil ar Search.
Traceroute: Ligeann sé seo duit cosáin tráchta líonra a rianú.
Níl ort ach an seoladh IP nó an t-ainm fearainn a iontráil agus cliceáil ar Trace. D'fhéadfadh sé go dtógfadh sé suas le nóiméad ar na torthaí.
Whois: Seiceálann tú faisnéis whois fearainn. Ligeann sé seo duit úinéireacht agus seilbh ainm fearainn a athbhreithniú. Mar sin is féidir leat athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar cé a chláraigh agus a bhfuil ainm fearainn aige, lena n-áirítear a gcuid faisnéise teagmhála. Níl ort ach seoladh ainm fearainn a iontráil agus agus ansin roghnófar freastalaí whois chun cuardach a dhéanamh. Ansin cliceáil Whois.
Saor: Is féidir leat é seo a úsáid chun faisnéis a fháil faoi úsáideoirí ríomhaire. Níl ort ach ainm úsáideora agus seoladh fearainn a iontráil chun an tástáil seo a dhéanamh:
Scain port: Ligeann an uirlis seo duit calafoirt TCP/IP oscailte a sheiceáil, calafoirt 1 go dtí 65535. Níl ort ach seoladh Idirlín a iontráil chun an tástáil seo a dhéanamh:
Is uirlisí líonra bunúsacha iad Oideas Líonra do Mac ach cuireann sé uirlisí líonraíochta áisiúla ar fáil.


powwow...showmanship, known as “fancying it up.” They also developed an opening parade into the arena, made in precise order. This practice is the direct ancestor of the contemporary powwow’s Grand Entry, during which groups of dancers follow a colour guard into the arena in a predetermined sequence. The Grand Entry not only marks the beginning of the event but also motivates dancers to...
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powwow...showmanship, ar a dtugtar "fancying it up". D'fhorbair siad paráid oscailte isteach sa réimse, a rinneadh in ord cruinn. Is é an cleachtas sin sin sinsear díreach na Grand Entry powwows comhaimseartha, le linn a leanann grúpaí damhsa garda dathanna isteach sa réimse i seicéad réamhshocraithe. Ní hamháin go marcann an Grand Entry tús an ócáide ach spreagann sé damhsaithe freisin ...
Tosaigh ag taipeadh nó bain úsáid as na huirlisí eagarthóireachta thuas chun cur leis an alt seo.
Nuair a bheidh tú críochnaithe agus cliceáil ar a chur isteach, cuirfear do mhodhnúí chuig ár n-eagarthóirí le hathbhreithniú.


With all the curiosity around Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), why isn’t there a clear and easy answer on how to calculate it? Software companies advertise the calculation as a major feature of their products and CPAs run fast from an explanation. No matter the size of the brewery, it is always the first question I get. So, what is going on?
What if I told you a true COGS analysis is not available for your brewery. Better yet, what if I told you COGS is probably the wrong calculation for your brewery until you hit 50,000 bbls in production.
Interested? I spent eight months last year diving deep into the options surrounding COGS and how to make it work for smaller breweries. The results will be released in a two-part series on Craft Brewing Business. This first post will define and explain the components and challenges in calculating COGS. The second post will share alternatives to the traditional calculation. These alternatives are meant to make sense to the brewery owner and guide intelligent growth.
I want to be crystal clear: I am not challenging the COGS calculation that has been used for many decades by many industries. My goal with this series is to explain the concepts, share my experience and suggest alternatives. Let’s begin with a definition.
What is COGS?
COGS is a measurement of the direct cost attributable to the production of goods by a company. Typically, it is broken down into three categories: Direct Materials, Direct Labor and Direct Overhead. Direct Materials are the raw ingredients that are assembled into the finished product. Direct Labor is the man hours it took to complete the product. Direct Overhead is the ancillary items that helped with the production (utilities, rent, maintenance, materials, depreciation).
Once you nail down the components of the calculation, you need to choose a method of calculating them. Popular methods include Activity Based Costing, Variable Costing, FIFO and LIFO. The method that most closely relates to the brewing process is Activity Based Costing (ABC). ABC examines the activities in the brewing process to establish rates. We will re-visit ABC in a bit.
Direct Materials are your ingredients that make up the assembly that converts into the finished product. It is necessary to break down the materials that go into a batch by unit and cost. To do this, list out the quantities of ingredients per recipe and calculate the unit cost per item. This is typically done with either: 1) brewery management software; or 2) Excel. The results should yield an accurate materials cost for a particular batch of beer. Next, add your packaging costs to determine the full cost of materials.
Direct Labor is the man-hours cost associated with the production of beer. Since we are choosing ABC as a method of calculation, we must analyze each activity. To do this, we breakdown the brewing process into three stages: wort production, cellaring and packaging. So, everything that happens in the brewhouse must fit into one of these categories. Next, each employee will need to keep a detailed time sheet as to the activity they perform. The timesheet should include: batch number, beer name, activity and time. The timesheet information will allow us to assign rates to each activity for future analysis.
Direct Overhead is the most misunderstood of all. Think of it this way: If it is a cost and it helps produce the finished good, and it is NOT direct materials or direct labor, it is overhead. This includes, utilities, rent, water, indirect materials and depreciation to name a few. Once we gather all our overhead cost, we need to assign them to an activity. Next, we need to determine rates per activity. The challenge with overhead rates is the costs vary and calculations must be relevant to that cost. Example, for utilities and water, proper sensors must be installed to capture the amount used per activity. Rent may be figured using a square foot percentage, but then must be allocated to an activity once the percentages are calculated.
Instead of going on and on about what the numbers mean and variances and calculations, I am going to cut to the chase. I believe breweries under 50,000 bbl in production per year do not need to worry about a detailed calculation. The cost/benefit analysis does not make sense. You would need a full time employee to maintain the continuous calculations. It is important to understand that COGS at this level is a dynamic. It is not done once a year; it is a continuous process. Why? Because you are analyzing the cost of an activity that constantly changes.
I want to apologize if I have crushed your dreams of running a full ABC analysis on your brewery. I have experienced, first hand, what happens when you try to run an ABC analysis on a brewery with weak processes and limited data. Can it be done? Sure. You would need the right person leading the charge and enough money to pay for it. In my next post, I will share with you what we have used to replace an ABC analysis. For breweries under 50,000 bbls in production, our process has brought clarity to profit and growth.
Chris Farmand is the founder of Small Batch Standard, a CPA firm helping craft breweries across North America. Farmand has more than 10 years of tax and accounting experience, with the last five years dedicated to the craft brewing industry. Small Batch Standard believes brewery owners should have reliable financials while focusing on what they do best, making beer. He can be reached at [email protected].

Le gach fiosrúchán faoi Chostas na nEarraí a Díoltar (COGS), cén fáth nach bhfuil freagra soiléir agus éasca ann ar conas é a ríomh? Fógraíonn cuideachtaí bogearraí an ríomh mar ghné thábhachtach dá gcuid táirgí agus ritheann CPAanna go tapa ó mhíniú. Is cuma cé chomh mór is atá an bhruadar, is é sin an chéad cheist a fhaighim i gcónaí. Mar sin, cad atá ar siúl?
Cad a tharlaíonn má dúirt mé leat fíor-anailís COGS nach bhfuil ar fáil le haghaidh do bhrabhsálaí. Níos fearr fós, cad a tharlaíonn má dúirt mé leat COGS is dócha go bhfuil an ríomh mícheart do do bhrabhsálaí go dtí go sroicheann tú 50,000 bbls i dtáirgeadh.
Ar spéis leat? Chaith mé ocht mí an bhliain seo caite ag dul go domhain isteach sna roghanna a bhí thart ar COGS agus conas é a dhéanamh ag obair do bhruithrí níos lú. Foilseofar na torthaí i sraith dhá chuid ar Ghnó Beir Craft. Sa chéad phost seo, sainmhínítear agus mínítear na comhpháirteanna agus na dúshláin a bhaineann le COGS a ríomh. Beidh an dara post ag roinnt roghanna eile don ríomh thraidisiúnta. Tá sé i gceist leis na roghanna malartacha seo a bheith ciallmhar do úinéir an bhraiche agus fás cliste a threorú.
Ba mhaith liom a bheith soiléir: nílim ag dúshlán an ríomh COGS a úsáideadh le blianta fada ag go leor tionscail. Is é an aidhm atá agam leis an tsraith seo na coincheapa a mhíniú, mo thaithí a roinnt agus roghanna malartacha a mholadh. Tosaímid le sainmhíniú.
Cad é COGS?
Is éard atá i gCOGS ná tomhas ar an gcostas díreach is inchurtha do tháirgeadh earraí ag cuideachta. De ghnáth, déantar é a bhriseadh síos i dtrí chatagóir: Stuthanna Díreacha, Oibre Díreach agus Os cionnchostas Díreach. Is iad na hábhair amh a chuirtear le chéile sa táirge críochnaithe iad na hábhair dhíreacha. Is é an t-Oibre Díreach na huaireanta fear a thóg sé chun an táirge a chríochnú. Is iad na costais dhíreacha na hearraí cúnta a chabhraigh leis an táirgeadh (fóntais, cíos, cothabháil, ábhair, díluachadh).
Nuair a bheidh na comhpháirteanna den ríomh agat, ní mór duit modh a roghnú chun iad a ríomh. I measc na modhanna coitianta tá Costas bunaithe ar ghníomhaíocht, Costas Athraitheach, FIFO agus LIFO. Is é an modh is dlúithe a bhaineann leis an bpróiseas brewing ná Costáil bunaithe ar ghníomhaíocht (ABC). Scrúdaíonn ABC na gníomhaíochtaí sa phróiseas brewing chun rátaí a bhunú. Déanaimid ath-chuairte ar ABC i mbeagán.
Is iad na hábhair dhíreacha na comhábhair a dhéanann suas an tionól a thiontú go dtí an táirge críochnaithe. Tá sé riachtanach na hábhair a théann isteach i sraith a bhriseadh síos de réir aonad agus costas. Chun é seo a dhéanamh, déan liosta de na méideanna comhábhair in aghaidh an oideas agus déan an costas aonaid in aghaidh an earra a ríomh. De ghnáth déantar é seo le: 1) bogearraí bainistíochta brewery; nó 2) Excel. Ba cheart go dtabharfadh na torthaí costas cruinn ábhair do bhaisc áirithe beorach. Ansin, cuir do chostais phacáistithe le chéile chun an costas iomlán na n-ábhar a fháil amach.
Is é an t-oibrí dhíreach an costas óir-daoine a bhaineann le táirgeadh beoir. Ós rud é go bhfuil ABC á roghnú againn mar mhodh ríomh, ní mór dúinn anailís a dhéanamh ar gach gníomhaíocht. Chun é seo a dhéanamh, déanaimid an próiseas brewing a bhriseadh síos i dtrí chéim: táirgeadh wort, cellaring agus pacáistiú. Mar sin, ní mór gach rud a tharlaíonn sa bhrusóg a bheith oiriúnach do cheann de na catagóirí seo. Ansin, beidh ar gach fostaí bileog ama mionsonraithe a choinneáil maidir leis an ngníomhaíocht a dhéanann siad. Ba cheart go mbeadh an méid seo a leanas san áireamh sa chlár ama: uimhir baisc, ainm na beorach, gníomhaíocht agus am. Cuirfidh an fhaisnéis a bhaineann leis an bpláinéad ama ar ár gcumas rátaí a shannadh do gach gníomhaíocht le haghaidh anailíse amach anseo.
Is é Direct Overhead an ceann is mí-thuigthe de na cinn go léir. Smaoinigh air ar an mbealach seo: Má tá sé ina chostas agus má chabhraíonn sé le táirge críochnaithe a tháirgeadh, agus NÍl sé ina ábhar díreach ná ina saothair dhíreach, tá sé thar a bheith costasach. Áirítear leis seo, fóntais, cíos, uisce, ábhair indíreacha agus díluacháil chun cúpla ceann a ainmniú. Nuair a bhailímid ár gcostas forleathan go léir, ní mór dúinn iad a shannadh le gníomhaíocht. Ansin, ní mór dúinn rátaí a chinneadh in aghaidh na gníomhaíochta. Is é an dúshlán le rátaí forchostas ná go bhfuil na costais éagsúil agus ní mór do na ríomhanna a bheith ábhartha don chostas sin. Mar shampla, maidir le húsáidí agus uisce, ní mór braiteoirí cuí a shuiteáil chun an méid a úsáidtear in aghaidh na gníomhaíochta a ghabháil. Is féidir cíos a ríomh ag baint úsáide as céatadán de chosa cearnach, ach ansin ní mór é a leithdháileadh ar ghníomhaíocht nuair a ríomhtar na céatadáin.
In ionad dul ar aghaidh agus ar aghaidh faoi cad a chiallaíonn na huimhreacha agus difríochtaí agus ríomhanna, tá mé ag dul a ghearradh go dtí an chase. Creidim nach gá do bhrabhraí faoi bhun 50,000 bpb a tháirgeadh in aghaidh na bliana a bheith buartha faoi ríomh mionsonraithe. Níl aon chiall ag an anailís costas/sochar. Ba mhaith leat fostaí lánaimseartha a choinneáil ar na ríomhanna leanúnacha. Tá sé tábhachtach a thuiscint go bhfuil an t-iomlán COGS ag an leibhéal seo dinimiciúil. Ní dhéantar é uair amháin sa bhliain; is próiseas leanúnach é. Cén fáth? Toisc go bhfuil tú ag anailísiú costas gníomhaíochta a athraíonn i gcónaí.
Ba mhaith liom a leithscéal má tá mé crushed do aislingí de reáchtáil anailís ABC iomlán ar do bhrabhsálaí. Tá taithí agam, ar an gcéad láimh, ar a tharlaíonn nuair a dhéanann tú iarracht anailís ABC a reáchtáil ar bhruadar le próisis lag agus sonraí teoranta. An féidir é a dhéanamh? Ar ndóigh. Ba mhaith leat an duine ceart a bheith ag stiúradh an mhuirearú agus go leor airgid chun é a íoc. I mo phost eile, beidh mé ag roinnt leat cad a úsáid muid a chur in ionad anailís ABC. I gcás breweries faoi 50,000 bpál i dtáirgeadh, tá ár bpróiseas a thug soiléire chun brabús agus fás.
Is é Chris Farmand bunaitheoir Small Batch Standard, gnólacht CPA a chabhraíonn le beirlínte ceardaíochta ar fud Mheiriceá Thuaidh. Tá níos mó ná 10 bliain taithí cánach agus cuntasaíochta ag Farmand, agus an cúig bliana deireanach tiomanta do thionscal na mbriaite ceardaíochta. Creideann Small Batch Standard gur chóir go mbeadh maoiníocht iontaofa ag úinéirí brewery agus iad ag díriú ar an méid is fearr a dhéanann siad, beoir a dhéanamh. Is féidir teacht air ag [email protected].


Check out the NEW Reading Plus 4.0 video!
“Students begin Reading Plus with a comprehensive assessment that provides a complete picture of each student’s motivation, reading efficiency, and capacity. Using the data gathered, the program determines the student’s initial placement within the various components and creates an individualized and responsive instructional path with personalized goals for each student. Multiple forms of the assessment, administered throughout the year, provide accurate and dependable benchmarks to measure student progress over time and assist teachers in making data-driven instructional decisions.”
The Reading Plus InSight Comprehensive Assessment must be completed by Thursday, August 29th
Instructions for student completion of InSight Comprehensive Assessment
- Log in to login.readingplus.com
- Prepare to spend 60 minutes completing the Reading Plus Insight Comprehensive Assessment. (Students may complete the assessment in one sitting or two 30-minutes sittings.)
- Students must focus and work in a quiet environment.
- Students should use headphones to avoid distractions.
- Students must NOT click too quickly through the assessment. (If so, they WILL BE suspended.)
- Students must do their best in order for Reading Plus to compile accurate data and assess student strengths and needs so that each student is placed within the correct level and receives “personalized” instruction throughout the year.
InSight Comprehensive Assessment reports will be run at 8:30am Friday, August 30, 2013. Student grades will be assessed based on the reports.

Féach ar an físeán NEW Reading Plus 4.0!
Tosaíonn mic léinn ag Léitheoireacht Plus le measúnú cuimsitheach a thugann léargas iomlán ar spreagadh, ar éifeachtúlacht agus ar chumas gach mac léinn léitheoireachta. Ag baint úsáide as na sonraí a bhailítear, socraíonn an clár an áit a bhfuil an dalta ar dtús laistigh de na comhpháirteanna éagsúla agus cruthaíonn sé bealach teagaisc aonair agus freagartha le spriocanna pearsantaithe do gach dalta. Tá foirmeacha éagsúla den mheasúnú, a dhéantar a riaradh i rith na bliana, ag soláthar tagarmharcanna cruinn agus iontaofa chun dul chun cinn na mac léinn a thomhas thar am agus chun cabhrú le múinteoirí cinntí teagaisc a dhéanamh bunaithe ar shonraí.
Ní mór an Measúnú Cuimsitheach Léitheoireachta Plus InSight a chríochnú faoi Déardaoin, 29 Lúnasa
Teagasc do mhic léinn chun an Measúnú Cuimsitheach InSight a chur i gcrích
- Logáil isteach ar login.readingplus.com
- Bí réidh le 60 nóiméad a chaitheamh ag críochnú an Léitheoireachta Plus Insight Measúnú Cuimsitheach. (Is féidir leis na mic léinn an measúnú a chur i gcrích i suí amháin nó i dhá suí 30 nóiméad.)
- Ní mór do mhic léinn díriú agus obair i dtimpeallacht shuaimhneach.
- Ba chóir do mhic léinn cluasáin a úsáid chun dífhuaimniú a sheachaint.
- Ní mór do dhaltaí an measúnú a dhéanamh go ró-luath. (Má tá, beidh siad a chur ar fionraí.)
- Ní mór do mhic léinn a ndícheall a dhéanamh ionas go mbeidh sonraí cruinn ag Reading Plus agus go ndéanfar neart agus riachtanais na mac léinn a mheas ionas go gcuirfear gach mac léinn laistigh den leibhéal ceart agus go bhfaighidh siad teagasc "pearsantachta" i rith na bliana.
Beidh tuarascálacha Measúnaithe Cuimsitheach InSight á rith ag 8:30am Dé hAoine, 30 Lúnasa, 2013. Déanfar gráid na mac léinn a mheas bunaithe ar na tuarascálacha.


The first time many people see salsa dancing performed, they are watching a ballroom dance contest. This is unfortunate because it leads people to believe salsa is a difficult dance. Dance partners twirl, spin and perform intricate lifts as they move across the stage together. People at home believe they do not have the ability to perform salsa dancing. While dance contests are part of salsa dancing, it is only one form. The best thing about salsa dancing is that learning complicated steps is not necessary.
Salsa dancing is a Latino dance that mainly involves moving the lower body while keeping the upper body stationary. There are four beats for the routine that is repeated twice. Best of all, salsa dance steps are not really steps. They can be performed simply as weight shifts from foot to foot. The dancers are still performing a credible dance without moving from the same place. This means that many people have the ability to salsa, even if they don't know it.
The important movement in salsa dancing is the hip movement. Each time the music beats, a salsa dancer moves their hips from side to side. If they wish to move their feet as well, there is nothing wrong with that. The movement of the feet, again, is from side to side. Spins and twirls can be incorporated, but these are for experienced dancers. Beginners can take their time learning those advanced moves.
Dancing to the rhythms of salsa does require the ability to follow the beat of the music. This is easy in salsa dancing because the drums always emphasize the second and fourth beats. This will help the novice stay on track and know where they are with the music. For those that want a new way to express their inner self, salsa dancing is the perfect move.

An chéad uair a fheiceann go leor daoine salsa ag déanamh damhsa, tá siad ag féachaint ar chomórtas damhsa ballroom. Is trua é seo mar go gcuireann sé daoine chun a chreidiúint go bhfuil salsa ina damhsa deacair. Déanann comhpháirtithe damhsa casadh, casadh agus lifts casta a dhéanamh agus iad ag bogadh ar fud na stáitse le chéile. Creideann daoine sa bhaile nach bhfuil an cumas acu damhsa salsa a dhéanamh. Cé go bhfuil comórtais damhsa mar chuid de damhsa salsa, níl ann ach foirm amháin. Is é an rud is fearr faoi damhsa salsa ná nach gá céimeanna casta a fhoghlaim.
Is damhsa Laidineach é damhsa Salsa a bhaineann go príomha le gluaiseacht an chomhlachta íochtarach agus an corp uachtarach á choinneáil seasta. Tá ceithre thit ann don ghnáthamh a dhéantar arís agus arís eile. Is fearr de gach, nach bhfuil céimeanna damhsa salsa céimeanna i ndáiríre. Is féidir iad a dhéanamh ach an t-ualú a aistriú ó chos go cos. Tá na rinceoirí fós ag déanamh damhsa creidiúnach gan bogadh ón áit chéanna. Ciallaíonn sé seo go bhfuil an cumas ag go leor daoine salsa a dhéanamh, fiú mura bhfuil a fhios acu.
Is é an gluaiseacht thábhachtach i damhsa salsa ná an gluaiseacht hip. Gach uair a bhuaileann an ceol, bogann damhsa salsa a hips ó thaobh go taobh. Más mian leo a cosa a bhogadh chomh maith, níl aon rud cearr leis sin. Is é gluaiseacht na cosa, arís, ó thaobh go taobh. Is féidir casadh agus casadh a ionchorprú, ach tá siad seo do damhsaithe taithí. Is féidir le tosaitheoirí a gcuid ama a ghlacadh ag foghlaim na gluaiseachtaí ardteicneolaíochta.
Chun damhsa a dhéanamh ar rithimí salsa, ní mór go mbeadh an cumas ag leanúint an cheol. Tá sé seo éasca i damhsa salsa toisc go gcuireann na drumaí béim i gcónaí ar an dara agus an ceathrú buille. Cabhróidh sé seo leis an nua-thionscanta fanacht ar an mbóthar agus a fhios a bheith acu cá bhfuil siad leis an gceol. Dóibh siúd atá ag iarraidh bealach nua chun a n-iníon inmheánach a chur in iúl, is é damhsa salsa an t-aistriú foirfe.


Wind – even the slightest of breezes – can prevent frost. That’s because wind is like a spoon in your cup of tea: it stirs things around and brings down a lot of the warm air that often floats just above housetops and trees.
It may seem odd but ice itself sometimes can protect crops from frost! Some growers actually spray their crops with water on a freezing night. Water freezes quickly on the plants – and then a strange thing happens. As long as ice stays wet, it can’t get colder than 32 degrees, a temperature many plants can stand. If the ice ever became entirely frozen and dry, it might drop many degrees lower, ruining the plants. But by continually spraying water on the ice, the grower keep it from going below 32 degrees Fahrenheit even if the air is much colder. This may frustrate Jack Frost, but it saves the plants.
This strange kind of “ice blanket” works only on plants that are strong enough to stand the weight of frozen spray. The system is used even to protect banana plants on some Central American plantations.

Is féidir le gaoth - fiú an brian is lú - frost a chosc. Tá sé sin toisc go bhfuil an ghaoth cosúil le spúnóg i do chupan tae: cuireann sé rudaí timpeall agus cuireann sé an oiread sin aer te síos a bhíonn ag snámh go minic díreach os cionn díontaí agus crainn.
D'fhéadfadh sé a bheith aisteach ach is féidir leis an oighear féin uaireanta an barr a chosaint ó fhriotaíocht! Tá roinnt feirmeoirí ag spraeáil a gcuid barra le huisce i rith oíche fuar. Tá an t-uisce ag reo go tapa ar na plandaí  agus ansin tarlaíonn rud aisteach. Chomh fada agus a bhíonn an oighear fliuch, ní féidir leis a bheith níos fuar ná 32 céim, teocht a d'fhéadfadh go leor plandaí a sheasamh. Má tháinig an oighear go hiomlán reoite agus tirim, d'fhéadfadh sé titim go leor céim níos ísle, ag scriosadh na plandaí. Ach trí uisce a spreagtha go leanúnach ar an oighear, coinníonn an t-airgeadóir go dtéann sé faoi bhun 32 céim Fahrenheit fiú má tá an t-aer i bhfad níos fuaire. B'fhéidir go gcuirfidh sé seo frustrachas ar Jack Frost, ach sábhálfaidh sé na plandaí.
Ní oibríonn an cineál aisteach seo de "chlúdach oighir" ach ar phlandaí atá láidir go leor chun meáchan an spraeigh reoite a sheasamh. Úsáidtear an córas fiú chun plandaí banana a chosaint ar roinnt plandaí i Meiriceá Láir.


While expectant parents have long been barraged by information about private cord blood banking, most remain uninterested, either because of the hefty price tag associated with the banking and storage or the low likelihood that a family member could ultimately benefit from the blood in the future. But while cord blood might not save a family member’s life, it could save that of a stranger, which is why a growing number of hospitals now offer cord blood collection programs, reports MSNBC News.
Until quite recently, cord blood collection had been almost exclusively a private enterprise. Although people who have life-threatening conditions like leukemia and immune system and metabolism disorders can benefit from the cord blood donations because it doesn’t need to match as exactly as bone marrow or other stem cells derived from blood, nearly 97 percent of cord blood is disposed of by hospitals. Public cord blood collection programs help to salvage some of that life-saving cord blood, when they collect it—free of charge to the parents—immediately after birth and list it on the National Marrow Donor Program’s Be the Match Registry.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), which does not support private cord blood banking except in cases where an older child has cancer or a genetic disease that could be treated with a sibling’s cord blood, encourages public banking as a way to increase access to stem-cell therapy. In fact, donations helped supply over 1,000 transplants from cord blood units just in 2011.
Check with your hospital to see is they have a program available if you would like to donate your baby’s cord blood.
Did you know you could donate your baby’s cord blood? Would you do so—or would you bank it privately as insurance for your family in the future?

Cé go bhfuil eolas ar fad ag tuismitheoirí ionchasacha faoi bhaincáil phríobháideach fola cord, níl suim ag formhór acu, cibé acu mar gheall ar an gcostas mór a bhaineann leis an mbaincáil agus an stóráil nó an dóchúlacht íseal go bhféadfadh ball teaghlaigh leas a bhaint as an fhuil sa todhchaí. Ach cé nach bhféadfadh fuil cordura a bheith ag sábháil saol ball teaghlaigh, d'fhéadfadh sé a bheith ag sábháil saol strainséir, agus sin an fáth go dtugann líon méadaitheach ospidéil cláir bhailiúcháin fola cordura anois, tuairiscíonn MSNBC News.
Go dtí le déanaí, bhí bailiú fola cordón beagnach go heisiach ina fhiontar príobháideach. Cé gur féidir le daoine a bhfuil galair bhagairt saoil acu cosúil le leicéim agus neamhoird chórais imdhíonachta agus meitibileachta leas a bhaint as na tabhartálacha fola cordán toisc nach gá go mbeadh sé chomh cruinn le méar cnámh nó cill bhun eile a fuarthas ó fhuil, déantar beagnach 97 faoin gcéad de fhuil cordán a dhiúscairt ag ospidéil. Cabhraíonn cláir bhailiúcháin fola cordóige poiblí cuid den fhuil cordóige a shábhálann beatha sin a shábháil, nuair a bhailíonn siad é - saor in aisce do na tuismitheoirí - láithreach tar éis an bhreith agus é a liostáil ar an gClár Náisiúnta Donóir Marrow.
Ní thacaíonn Acadamh na Páistí Mheiriceá (AAP), a chuireann baincí fola cnáib phríobháideacha ar fáil ach amháin i gcásanna ina bhfuil ailse nó galar géiniteach ag leanbh níos sine a d'fhéadfaí a chóireáil le fola cnáib deartháireacha, le baincí poiblí mar bhealach chun rochtain a mhéadú ar chóireáil sliochtchill. Go deimhin, chabhraigh deontais le soláthar níos mó ná 1,000 trasphlandú ó aonad fola cordón i 2011 amháin.
Déan seiceáil leis an ospidéal a bhfuil tú i do chónaí chun a fháil amach an bhfuil clár ar fáil acu más mian leat fuil cordán do pháiste a bhronnadh.
An raibh a fhios agat gur féidir leat fuil cord do leanbh a bhronnadh? An ndéanfaidh tú é sin nó an ndéanfaidh tú é a bhaincáil go príobháideach mar árachas do do theaghlach sa todhchaí?