Passamaquoddy Bay, Grand Manan map, 1817
This map of Passamaquoddy Bay and the Grand Manan area was one of a series of maps drawn to help determine the northeast boundary between the United States and Canada.
The map was copied from surveys by George Sproule.
"Map to accompany and elucidate the memorial of the agent of His Britannic Majesty in reply to the memorial of the agent of the United States in support of their claim to the islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy and Grand Manan in the Bay of Fundy Sept. 1817."Scale [1:506,880] ca. 10 miles to 2.5 inches.
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Bhaile Passamaquoddy, léarscáil Grand Manan, 1817
Ba é an léarscáil seo de Bhaile Passamaquoddy agus d'áiteanna Grand Manan ceann de shraith léarscáileanna a tharraingíodh chun cabhrú leis an teorainn ó thuaidh idir na Stáit Aontaithe agus Ceanada a chinneadh.
Rinne George Sproule an léarscáil a chóipeáil ó thaighde.
"Map a chur in éineacht agus a shoiléiriú ar an cuimhneachán an ghníomhaire a Mhór-Mhéarachta Britannic i bhfreagra ar an cuimhneachán an ghníomhaire na Stáit Aontaithe i dtaca lena n-éileamh ar na hoileáin i mBá Passamaquoddy agus Grand Manan i mBá Fundy Sept. 1817. - Tá sé ann. "Scéal [1:506,880] ca. 10 míle go 2.5 orlach.
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In 2013, a total of approximately 2.8 million TBI-related ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths occurred in the United States. This consisted of approximately 2.5 million TBI-related ED visits, approximately 282,000 TBI-related hospitalizations, and approximately 56,000 TBI-related deaths, according to a report released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The report, "Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths," is based on data from 2007-2013.
Progress has been made to prevent motor-vehicle crashes, resulting in a decrease in the number of TBI-related hospitalizations and deaths from 2007 to 2013. However, during the same time, the number and rate of older adult fall-related TBIs have increased substantially. Although considerable public interest has focused on sports-related concussion in youth, the findings in this report suggest that TBIs attributable to older adult falls, many of which result in hospitalization and death, should receive public health attention.
The increase in the number of fall-related TBIs in older adults suggests an urgent need to enhance fall-prevention efforts in that population. Multiple effective interventions have been identified, and CDC has developed the STEADI initiative (Stopping Elderly Accidents Deaths and Injuries) as a comprehensive strategy that incorporates empirically supported clinical guidelines and scientifically tested interventions to help primary care providers address their patients’ fall risk through the identification of modifiable risk factors and implementation of effective interventions (e.g., exercise, medication management, and Vitamin D supplementation).
Children from birth to 4 years of age, older adolescents aged 15 to 19 years, and adults aged 65 years and older are most likely to sustain a TBI.
Falls are the leading cause of TBI (35.2 percent). Rates are highest for children from birth to 4 years and for adults aged 75 years and older.
Among all age groups, road traffic injury is the second leading cause of TBI (17.3 percent) and results in the largest percentage of TBI-related deaths (31.8 percent).
In every age group, TBI rates are higher for males than for females.
"This report not only presents TBI numbers, it helps to show the impact of this injury nationwide. These data can help to impact the lives of millions of Americans as they serve as building blocks that guide TBI prevention strategies. They also help to identify research and education priorities and support the need for services among individuals at risk or living with a TBI," states Richard C. Hunt, MD, FACEP, director of CDC's Division for Injury Response.
An on-line source for information about brain injury. Site includes causes of brain injury, research, fact sheets, and publications.

I 2013, tharla thart ar 2.8 milliún cuairt, ospidéalú agus bás a bhaineann le TBI i E.S.A. Bhí thart ar 2.5 milliún cuairt ar an ED a bhaineann le TBI, thart ar 282,000 ospidéalú a bhaineann le TBI, agus thart ar 56,000 bás a bhaineann le TBI, de réir tuarascála a d'eisigh na hIonaid um Rialú agus Cosc ar Ghalair.
Tá an tuarascáil, "Trámaí Céir i Meiriceá: Taisteal chuig an Roinn Éigeandála, Ospidéalú agus Bás", bunaithe ar shonraí ó 2007 go 2013.
Tá dul chun cinn déanta chun timpistí mótarfheithiclí a chosc, rud a fhágann go bhfuil laghdú tagtha ar líon na n-ospidéalú agus na mbásanna a bhaineann le TBI ó 2007 go 2013. Le linn na tréimhse chéanna, áfach, tá méadú suntasach tagtha ar líon agus ar ráta na n-IBT a bhaineann le titim do dhaoine fásta níos sine. Cé go bhfuil spéis mhór an phobail dírithe ar chonnadh a bhaineann le spórt i measc na n-óige, léiríonn na torthaí sa tuarascáil seo gur cheart aird sláinte poiblí a thabhairt ar TBIanna a bhaineann le titim daoine fásta níos sine, a mbíonn go leor acu ina gcosc san ospidéal agus ina mbás.
Tá an líon méadaithe de GCTanna a bhaineann le titim i measc daoine fásta níos sine ag léiriú go bhfuil gá práinneach le hiarrachtaí chun titim a chosc a fheabhsú sa phobal sin. Tá go leor idirghabhálacha éifeachtacha sainaitheanta, agus d'fhorbair CDC an tionscnamh STEADI (Stop Accidents Deaths and Injuries Elderly) mar straitéis chuimsitheach a chuimsíonn treoirlínte cliniciúla a bhfuil tacaíocht empiriúil acu agus idirghabhálacha a thástáil go eolaíoch chun cuidiú le soláthraithe cúraim phríomhúil dul i ngleic le riosca titim a gcuid othair trí fhachtóirí riosca inathraithe a shainaithint agus idirghabhálacha éifeachtacha a chur i bhfeidhm (m.sh., aclaíocht, bainistiú cógais, agus forlíonadh Vitimín D).
Is dóichí go bhfaighidh leanaí ó bhreith go 4 bliana d'aois, déagóirí níos sine idir 15 agus 19 bliana d'aois, agus daoine fásta 65 bliana d'aois agus níos sine TBI.
Is iad na titim an chúis is mó le TBI (35.2 faoin gcéad). Tá na rátaí is airde i measc leanaí ó bhreith go 4 bliana d'aois agus i measc daoine fásta 75 bliain d'aois agus níos sine.
I measc na ghrúpaí aoise go léir, is é an ghortú bóthair an dara cúis is mó le TBI (17.3 faoin gcéad) agus is é an céatadán is mó de bháis a bhaineann le TBI (31.8 faoin gcéad) a thagann de thoradh air.
I ngach grúpa aoise, tá rátaí TBI níos airde i measc fir ná i measc mná.
"Ní amháin go léiríonn an tuarascáil seo uimhreacha TBI, cabhraíonn sé le tionchar an ghortú seo a thaispeáint ar fud na tíre. Is féidir leis na sonraí seo cabhrú le tionchar a imirt ar shaol na milliúin Meiriceánach agus iad ag fónamh mar bhloic thógála a threoraíonn straitéisí coscála TBI. Cuidíonn siad freisin le tosaíochtaí taighde agus oideachais a shainaithint agus le tacú leis an ngá le seirbhísí i measc daoine atá i mbaol nó atá ag maireachtáil le TBI, "a deir Richard C. Hunt, MD, FACEP, stiúrthóir Rannóg Freagartha Gortú CDC.
Foinse ar líne le haghaidh faisnéise faoi ghortú inchinn. Áirítear ar an suíomh seo cúiseanna le dochar inchinn, taighde, bileoga fíricí, agus foilseacháin.


Astronomers have found the closest example yet to a twin of planet Earth.
They've named it Kepler 438b and say it's about a tenth bigger than our planet and only receives about a third more heat from its sun than we do from our Sun.
Because of this it's being called the "most Earth-like alien world".
It's even more Earth-like that than Kepler 186f which had been called our most likely twin.
Hot and red
But what would it be like if we could stand on Kepler 438b?
Scientist Dr Doug Caldwell from the Seti (the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence) Institute in America says it would probably be warmer and the sky would look redder.
That's because its star is a red dwarf which gives off a more reddish light than our own Sun.
However humans heading there is very unlikely: the planet is 475 light years away - and just one light year is around 6 trillion miles!

Fuair réalteolaithe an sampla is gaire go fóill do dhúbaill den phláinéid Talún.
Tá siad ainmnithe Kepler 438b agus a rá go bhfuil sé thart ar an deichiú níos mó ná ár bpláinéad agus a fhaigheann ach thart ar an tríú níos mó teas ó a ghrian ná a dhéanann muid ó ár n-Grian.
Mar gheall air seo tá sé á rá "an domhan eachtrannach is cosúil leis an Domhan".
Tá sé fiú níos mó cosúil leis an Domhan ná Kepler 186f a bhí ar a dtugtar ár dúiní is dóichí.
Te agus dearg
Ach cad a bheadh sé cosúil má d'fhéadfaimis seasamh ar Kepler 438b?
Deir an eolaí Dr Doug Caldwell ó Institiúid Seti (an Cuardach ar Intleacht Eile-Tríoiseach) i Meiriceá go mbeadh sé níos teo agus go mbeadh an spéir níos dearga.
Tá sé sin toisc go bhfuil a réalta ina dwarf dearg a thugann amach solas níos dearga ná ár n-Sol féin.
Mar sin féin, is beag seans go mbeidh daoine ag dul ann: tá an phláinéid 475 bliain solais ar shiúl - agus tá bliain solais amháin thart ar 6 trilliún míle!


The Miracle of Translation
Joseph Smith was only 22 years-old in September of 1827, when he obtained the Gold Plates. He was charged to translate, but in the area of Palmyra, New York there was not peace sufficient to do so. In December 1827, he moved to Harmony, Pennsylvania where he “commenced copying the characters off the Plates.” By the aid of the Urim and Thummim he was able to translate some of them.
The Book of Mormon was written in reformed Egyptian. Joseph did not speak or write this language, and neither did anyone else. Joseph never claimed mastery, or even fluency, in this language. Indeed, his wife Emma, who knew him best, said he, “could neither write nor dictate a coherent and well-worded letter, let alone dictate a book like the Book of Mormon.” Young Joseph was an uneducated farmer. How then could he translate a record that he could not read? Therein lies a miracle.
Emma who possibly served first as his scribe described the translation process. She said. “I am satisfied that no man could have dictated the writing of the manuscript unless he was inspired; for when acting as his scribe, [Joseph] would dictate to me hour after hour; and when returning after meals, or after interruptions, he would at once begin where he had left off, without either seeing the manuscript or having any portion of it read to him. This was a usual thing for him to do. It would have been improbable that a learned man could do this; and for one so ignorant and unlearned as he was, it was simply impossible.”
Martin Harris assisted with the translation in the spring of 1828. Martin said this. “By aid of the seer stone, sentences would appear and were read by the Prophet and written…and when finished he would say, ‘Written,’ and if correctly written, that sentence would disappear and another appear in its place, but if not written correctly it remained until corrected.”
In April 1829, Oliver Cowdery became Joseph’s scribe. Oliver later testified that Joseph Smith “found with the plates, from which he translated his book, two transparent stones, resembling glass, set in silver bows. That by looking through these, he was able to read in English, the reformed Egyptian characters, which were engraven on the plates.”
In June 1829, persecution forced Joseph and Oliver to move to Fayette, New York. It was there that other scribes assisted with the work. Among those was David Whitmer who left this account. “Joseph Smith would put the seer stone into a hat and put his face in the hat, drawing it close around his face to exclude the light. And in the darkness the spiritual light would shine. A piece of something resembling parchment would appear, and on that appeared the writing. One character at a time would appear, and under it was the interpretation in English. Brother Joseph would read off the English to Oliver Cowdery who was his principal scribe. And when it was written down and repeated to Brother Joseph to see if it was correct, then it would disappear and another character with the interpretation would appear. Thus the Book of Mormon was translated by the gift and power of God and not by any power of man.”
Even the citizens of Palmyra, though they adamantly opposed the book, knew how it came to be. A local newspaperman, Jonathon Hadley published this. “By placing the spectacles in a hat, and looking into it, Smith could…interpret these characters…. Now it appears not a little strange that there should have been deposited in this western world, and in the secluded town of Manchester, too, a record of this description, and still more so, that a person like Smith…should have been gifted by inspiration to read and interpret it.”
It is approaching two centuries now since the Book of Mormon was translated and the only viable explanation for how the book came to be is the one provided by Joseph and multiple witnesses who were there. Emma Smith said it best. “Though I was an active participant in the scenes that transpired, and was present during the translation of the plates, and had cognizance of things as they transpired, it is marvelous to me, ‘a marvel and a wonder’ as much so as to anyone else.”
The Book of Mormon is a miracle, both in what it is and how it came to be.
For more information on the miracle of the Book of Mormon go to http://historyofthesaints.org/product/the-miracle-of-the-book-of-mormon-2-disc-dvd-set/

Míorbhail na hIonad
Ní raibh Joseph Smith ach 22 bliain d'aois i Meán Fómhair 1827, nuair a fuair sé na Plátaí Óir. Bhí sé cúisithe a aistriú, ach i gceantar Palmyra, Nua-Eabhrac ní raibh síocháin go leor chun é sin a dhéanamh. I mí na Nollag 1827, bhog sé go Harmony, Pennsylvania áit a thosaigh sé ag cóipeáil na gcarachtair ó na Plátaí. Le cabhair an Urim agus an Thummim bhí sé in ann cuid acu a aistriú.
Scríobhadh Leabhar Mhormóin i hÉigipteach athchóirithe. Ní raibh an teanga seo á labhairt ná á scríobh ag Iósaef, ná ag aon duine eile. Níor éileamh riamh ó Joseph go raibh sé ina mháistir, nó go raibh sé go réidh sa teanga seo. Go deimhin, a bhean Emma, a bhí aithne aige ar an duine is fearr, dúirt sé, "ní fhéadfaí litir chomhsheasmhach agus dea-fhoclaithe a scríobh ná a dhítheáil, gan trácht ar leabhar mar Leabhar Mormon a dhítheáil". Bhí Joseph óg ina fheirmeoir neamh-oideachas. Conas, ansin, a d'fhéadfadh sé a aistriú taifead nach raibh sé in ann a léamh? Tá míorúilt ann.
Chuir Emma, a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina scríobhaí ar dtús, cur síos ar an bpróiseas aistriúcháin. Dúirt sí. Táim sásta nach bhféadfadh aon duine a bheith ag ordú scríbhneoireacht an lámhscríbhneoireachta mura raibh sé spreagtha; mar nuair a bhí sé ag gníomhú mar a scríobhaí, [Joseph] d'ordaigh sé dom uair an chloig tar éis uair an chloig; agus nuair a bhí sé ag filleadh tar éis béilí, nó tar éis cur isteach, thosaigh sé láithreach áit a raibh sé scoite, gan an lámhscríbhinn a fheiceáil ná aon chuid de a léamh dó. Ba é seo an rud is gnách dó a dhéanamh. Bheadh sé dochreidte go bhféadfadh fear foghlama a dhéanamh; agus do dhuine chomh neamhuisceanach agus gan foghlaim mar a bhí sé, ní raibh sé indéanta.
Chabhraigh Martin Harris leis an aistriúchán i bpríomhthréimhse 1828. Dúirt Martin seo. Le cabhair ón gcloch feictheora, d'fhéachfadh abairtí agus léann an Prophet iad agus scríobhann siad...agus nuair a chríochnódh sé deirtear, Scríobh, agus má scríobhadh go ceart, imíonn an abairt sin agus feictear ceann eile ina háit, ach mura scríobhadh go ceart d'fhan sé go dtí go gceartaíodh é.
I mí Aibreáin 1829, tháinig Oliver Cowdery mar scríobhtóir Joseph. D'fhiafraigh Oliver ina dhiaidh sin go bhfuair Joseph Smith leis na plátaí, as a d'aistrigh sé a leabhar, dhá chloch trédhearcach, cosúil le gloine, socraithe i bpáistí airgid. Go ag féachaint tríd seo, bhí sé in ann a léamh i mBéarla, na carachtair Éigipteacha athchóirithe, a bhí graven ar na plátaí.
I mí an Mheithimh 1829, chuir géarleanúint iallach ar Joseph agus Oliver bogadh go Fayette, Nua-Eabhrac. Bhí scríobhaithe eile ann a chabhraigh leis an obair. I measc na ndaoine sin bhí David Whitmer a d'fhág an cuntas seo.  Chuir Joseph Smith an cloch féar i hata agus chuir sé a aghaidh sa hata, ag tarraingt é go dlúth timpeall a aghaidh chun an solas a eisiamh. Agus sa dorchadas bheadh an solas spioradálta ag soiléiriú. Bhí píosa rud éigin cosúil le pergament ag teacht chun cinn, agus ar an scríbhneoireacht a bhí le feiceáil. Bhí carachtar amháin ag an am a thaispeántar, agus faoin bhfocal sin bhí an t-aistriúchán i mBéarla. Ba é an Bráthair Joseph a léann as an Béarla do Oliver Cowdery a bhí ina phríomhscríobhaí. Agus nuair a bhí sé scríofa síos agus a athrá go dtí an deartháir Joseph a fheiceáil má tá sé ceart, ansin bheadh sé a imtheacht agus carachtar eile leis an léirmhíniú a bheith le feiceáil. Dá bhrí sin, d'aistrigh Leabhar Mhormóin le bronntanas agus cumhacht Dé agus ní le cumhacht duine ar bith.
Fiú amháin na saoránaigh de Palmyra, cé go raibh siad i gcoinne an leabhair go dian, bhí a fhios acu conas a tháinig sé chun bheith. D'fhoilsigh iriseoir áitiúil, Jonathon Hadley é seo. De réir na spéaclaí a chur i hata, agus ag féachaint isteach ann, d'fhéadfadh Smith... na carachtair seo a léiriú.... Anois is cosúil nach beag aisteach gur chóir go mbeadh curtha i gcuntas sa domhan iarthair, agus i mbaile scoite Manchester, freisin, taifead den tuairisc seo, agus níos mó fós, gur chóir go mbeadh duine cosúil le Smith... a bheith deartha ag inspioráid a léamh agus a léirmhíniú.
Tá sé ag druidim dhá chéad bliain anois ó bhí an Leabhar Mormon a aistriú agus an t-aon mhíniú inmharthana ar conas a tháinig an leabhar a bheith ar an ceann a sholáthraítear ag Joseph agus finnéithe iomadúla a bhí ann. Dúirt Emma Smith é is fearr. Cé go raibh mé mar rannpháirtí gníomhach sna radhairc a tharla, agus bhí mé i láthair le linn aistriúchán na plátaí, agus bhí eolas agam ar rudaí mar a tharla siad, tá sé iontach domsa, a wonder agus wonder chomh mór le duine ar bith eile.
Is é an Leabhar Mormon a miracle, araon i cad é agus conas a tháinig sé chun bheith.
Chun tuilleadh eolais a fháil ar an míorúilt atá i Leabhar Mhormóin téigh chuig http://historyofthesaints.org/product/the-miracle-of-the-book-of-mormon-2-disc-dvd-set/


Decomposing Numbers 0-10Kindergarten • Half Day Lesson Plan
Subject: Math, Operations and Algebraic Thinking
Type: Half Day Lesson Plan
Skills: Decompose Numbers Less Than or Equal to 10 into Pairs, Using Objects, Using Drawings, Record Decomposition as a Drawing or Equation
File Type: PDF Document
Materials Needed: blank paper, pencils, crayons/colored pencils, math manipulatives (10 per student), student dry erase board and dry erase markers (can be substituted for paper and pencil), and a document camera or whiteboard
Printable Resources: Printable Resources: “Exit Slips” (as an optional assessment component, 1 copy per student), Optional Printable Student Resources: “Decomposing Numbers” (1 copy per student), “Number Slips 1-10” (1 copy per group - precut these slips and put them in a ziplock bag/envelope/paper clip), Optional Printable Teacher Resources: “Teacher Example” for game (1 copy for display)
Lesson Plan Description
This fully scripted Kindergarten half day lesson plan is broken down into 2 separate segments (30-60 minutes each). The lessons address Operations and Algebraic Thinking: Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1) (K.OA.3). The lessons include: an introduction to what decomposing a number means, interactive demonstrations of decomposing numbers, using number bonds to show decomposition of a number, using manipulatives to show decomposition of a number, an exit slip as an optional assessment component for students to show understanding of decomposition of numbers, and finally a game for students to review and practice decomposing numbers 0-10.
- Segment 1: Students will decompose numbers less than or equal to 10. Students will also learn that numbers can be represented in a different way.
- Segment 2: Playing a game called, “Finger Cubes,” students will practice decomposing numbers less than or equal to 10. Students will also represent numbers as an equation.
These lessons can be taught over the span of a half day or you can use the lessons independently, broken up over several days.

Decomposing Numbers 0-10Ghairdín • Plean Ceachtanna leath lae
Ábhar: Matamaitic, Oibríochtaí agus Smaointe Algaibreach
Cineál: Plean Ceachtanna leath lae
Scileanna: Íosloinneadh uimhreacha níos lú ná nó comhionann le 10 i bpáirtithe, ag baint úsáide as rudaí, ag baint úsáide as líníochtaí, ag taifeadadh dí-lochtú mar líníocht nó mar chothromán
Cineál Comhad: Doiciméad PDF
Ábhair is gá: páipéar bán, peann luaidhe, crionna/peann luaidhe datha, meaisíní chun matamaitice a mhalairt (10 ar an mac léinn), bord scriosadh tirim agus marcóirí scriosadh tirim don mac léinn (is féidir iad a chur in ionad páipéir agus peann luaidhe), agus ceamara doiciméid nó tábla bán
Acmhainní in-phrintáilte: Acmhainní in-phrintáilte: Sleipí asála (mar chomhpháirt measúnaithe roghnach, 1 chóip in aghaidh an mhic léinn), Acmhainní in-phrintáilte in-roghnach do mhic léinn: Decomposing Numbers (1 cóip in aghaidh an mhic léinn), Number Slips 1-10 (1 cóip in aghaidh an ghrúpa - na sleipí seo a réamhchliceáil agus iad a chur i mála ziplock / clúdach / clip páipéir), Acmhainní in-phrintáilte in-roghnach do mhúinteoirí: Teacher Sampla le haghaidh cluiche (1 cóip le taispeáint)
Cur síos ar an bPlean Ceachtanna
Tá an plean ceachtanna leathlá den Chéim Chúige seo, atá scríofa go hiomlán, roinnte ina dhá chuid ar leithligh (30-60 nóiméad gach ceann). Tá na ceachtanna seo dírithe ar Oibríochtaí agus Smaointe Algaibreach: Íosloigh uimhreacha atá níos lú ná nó comhionann le 10 ina bpáirtithe ar níos mó ná bealach amháin, mar shampla, trí rudaí nó líníochtaí a úsáid, agus taifead gach dí-lochtú trí líníocht nó cothromán (mar shampla, 5 = 2 + 3 agus 5 = 4 + 1) (K.OA.3). Áirítear ar na ceachtanna seo: réamhrá ar a chiallaíonn dí-athrú uimhreacha, taispeántais idirghníomhacha de uimhreacha dí-athrú, ag baint úsáide as bannaí uimhreacha chun dí-athrú uimhreacha a thaispeáint, ag baint úsáide as ionramhóirí chun dí-athrú uimhreacha a thaispeáint, sliotán scoir mar chomhpháirt measúnaithe roghnach do mhic léinn chun tuiscint a thaispeáint ar dí-athrú uimhreacha, agus ar deireadh cluiche do mhic léinn chun athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar uimhreacha dí-athrú 0-10.
- Rannán 1: Déanfaidh mic léinn uimhreacha níos lú ná nó comhionann le 10 a dhíscaoileadh. Foghlaimfidh mic léinn freisin gur féidir uimhreacha a léiriú ar bhealach difriúil.
- Rannán 2: Ag imirt cluiche ar a dtugtar,  Finger Cube,  beidh mic léinn ag cleachtadh uimhreacha a dhíchumasú níos lú ná nó comhionann le 10. Léireoidh mic léinn uimhreacha mar chothromóid freisin.
Is féidir na ceachtanna seo a mhúineadh thar thréimhse leathlá nó is féidir leat na ceachtanna a úsáid go neamhspleách, arna bhriseadh suas thar roinnt laethanta.


Late-spring chill in southeastern Australia
A burst of cold, wet and windy weather will hit southeastern Australia during the second half of this week, with Melbourne forecast to have its coldest November day in 12 years.
A series of cold fronts passing over southeastern Australia will drag a mass of frigid Southern Ocean air over Tasmania, Victoria, SA and NSW between Wednesday and Saturday.
Image: ECMWF-HRES model showing cold air moving over southeastern Australia on Saturday morning.
This frontal precession is more typical during early spring than November. However, a negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is responsible for this week's chilly weather pattern.
The SAM is an index that measures the north-south displacement of a westerly wind belt that surrounds Antarctica, flowing between Antarctica and Australia throughout the year. When the SAM is negative, these westerly winds shift towards the equator, which can cause cold fronts to become more active over southern Australia.
Image: Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index values during the last four months, showing a sustained period of negative values since mid-October. Source: NOAA
This week's flurry of cold fronts over southeastern Australia is a consequence of a negative phase of the SAM, which has been occurring since mid-October.
The impending cold weather should cause temperatures to drop low enough for snow to settle on highland areas of Tasmania, Victoria and NSW later in the week.
Snow could reach about 600 metres above sea level in Tasmania from Thursday and lower to 500 metres on Saturday. Further north, snow could fall to 800-1000 metres in Victoria and southern NSW when the coldest air arrives on Friday night and Saturday morning. There's even a chance of a few snow flurries in elevated areas of central NSW on Friday night or Saturday morning, although this depends on how much moisture makes it this far north.
Melbourne is only forecast to reach 14 degrees on Friday, which is eight below average and would make it the city's coldest November day since 2007. Melbourne's coldest November day on record was 11.0 degrees in 1913.
The impending cold fronts are also likely to cause blustery winds, with damaging gusts possible in some areas. As of midday EDT on Wednesday, severe weather warnings had already been issued for parts of SA, Victoria, NSW/ACT and Tasmania.
Showers, thunderstorms, small hail and raised dust should also be a feature in southeastern Australia during the next several days.
Visit https://www.weatherzone.com.au/warnings.jsp for the latest warnings.

Fuar i ndeireadh an earraigh i ndeisceart na hAstráile
Beidh rást aimsire fuar, fliuch agus gaoithe ag bualadh ó dheas ó dheas na hAstráile le linn an dara leath den tseachtain seo, agus táthar ag tuar go mbeidh lá an mhí na Samhna is fuaire i Melbourne le 12 bliana.
Beidh sraith de thír fuar ag dul thar oirdheisceart na hAstráile ag tarraingt mais aer fuar an Aigéin Theas thar Tasmania, Victoria, SA agus NSW idir Dé Céadaoin agus Dé Sathairn.
Grianghraf: Múnla ECMWF-HRES a léiríonn aer fuar ag gluaiseacht thar oirdheisceart na hAstráile ar maidin Dé Sathairn.
Tá an t-ionsaí tosaigh seo níos coitianta i rith an earraigh go luath ná i mí na Samhna. Mar sin féin, tá céim dhiúltach den Mhodh Annular Theas (SAM) freagrach as patrún aimsire fuar na seachtaine seo.
Is táscaire é SAM a thomhas díláithriú ó thuaidh go deisceart crios gaoithe siar a chuairteann an Antartach, a shruthaíonn idir an Antartach agus an Astráil i rith na bliana. Nuair a bhíonn SAM diúltach, bogann na gaotha siar seo i dtreo an echatóra, rud a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina chúis le frontaí fuar a bheith níos gníomhaí thar an Astráil theas.
Íomhá: Luachanna innéacs an Mhodh Annálach Theas (SAM) le ceithre mhí anuas, ag taispeáint tréimhse leanúnach luachanna diúltacha ó lár mhí Dheireadh Fómhair. Foinse: NOAA
Is é an ráflaí na ndeor-chomhchlaonna an tseachtain seo thar oirdheisceart na hAstráile mar thoradh ar chéim dhiúltach SAM, a bhí ag tarlú ó lár mhí Dheireadh Fómhair.
Ba cheart go gcuirfeadh an aimsir fuar atá le teacht go leor teocht síos go leor chun sneachta a shuí ar cheantair ardchríocha Tasmania, Victoria agus NSW níos déanaí sa tseachtain.
D'fhéadfadh sneachta a shroicheadh thart ar 600 méadar os cionn leibhéal na farraige i Tasmáine ó Déardaoin agus níos ísle go 500 méadar Dé Sathairn. Níos faide ó thuaidh, d'fhéadfadh sneachta titim go 800-1000 méadar i Victoria agus i ndeisceart NSW nuair a thagann an t-aer is fuaire ar oíche Dé hAoine agus maidin Dé Sathairn. Tá seans ann fiú go mbeidh cúpla snámh i gceantair ard i lár NSW oíche Dé hAoine nó maidin Dé Sathairn, cé go mbraitheann sé seo ar an méid taise a dhéanann sé seo go dtí an tuaisceart.
Tá Melbourne réamh-mheasta a bhaint amach 14 céim Dé hAoine, atá ocht faoi bhun an meán agus a bheadh a dhéanamh ar an chathair is fuar lá Samhain ó 2007. Ba é 11.0 céim i 1913 an lá is fuaire i mí na Samhna i Melbourne.
Is dócha go dtarlóidh gaoth buartha freisin mar gheall ar na frontaí fuar atá le teacht, agus is féidir go mbeidh breacanna damáisteacha i roinnt ceantair. Ón meán lae EDT Dé Céadaoin, bhí rabhaidh thirimteachta eisithe cheana féin do chuid de SA, Victoria, NSW / ACT agus Tasmania.
Ba chóir go mbeadh racha, stoirmeacha thunder, hail bheag agus deatach ard i ndeisceart na hAstráile le linn na laethanta atá romhainn.
Tabhair cuairt ar https://www.weatherzone.com.au/warnings.jsp chun na rabhaidh is déanaí a fháil.


The nature of ethics revolves around a practical way that intrinsically connects with the correct conduct in society. By being reasonable people consider standards and apply norms before embarking on newer always evolving circumstances. However, people are often faced with puzzlement on what should be done while tackling different situations (MacIntyre, 2013). Puzzlement becomes evident when individuals are unable to apply existing principles to concrete situations. For instance, journalists are often puzzled in various situations. Especially when they have to invade the privacy of politicians in their investigations of allegations concerning unethical conducts.
The history of ethics is shaped by the critical thinking of some key philosopher. They include Aristotle, Plato, Immanuel Kunt, and Socrates. Socrates lived most of his life trying to examine and explain in clarity the critical concepts of issues that lacked concrete definitions like beauty and truth and the virtues of wisdom, courage, piety, temperance, and justice. Plato, who was a student of Socrates central idea, was based on the theory of forms. He proceeded to explain that metaphysical abstraction possesses a higher and more fundamental kind of reality. This theory became the foundation of understanding existentialism. Aristotle was the most eminent philosopher who criticized issues that ranged from ethics, pure logic, literature, politics, and science (MacIntyre, 2013). He theorized the four causes of all things that are in existence. Besides, he argued about the hierarchy of life thus classifying the ladder of life with eleven rungs topped by humans. Moreover, he formulated the principles of ethics whose concepts are founded on doing good instead of just being good. Immanuel Kunt being a modern philosopher based his criticism on reconciling empiricism and rationalism which he claims is a mind structured experience.
Normative ethics provide a generalized theory telling people on how they ought to live. They are classified into three types virtue, consequentiality and deontological theories each exhibiting different elements. Virtue theory emphasizes on the moral characters that an individual is supposed to possess. Some of the characteristics manifested are in forms of courage, compassion, generosity, etc. The deontological theory explains that one should focus on their duties and obligations before acting in a particular situation (MacIntyre, 2013). Thus agreeing that by performing the right action according to the requirement of their duties is what is acceptable. The consequentialists approach explains that whichever action is taken the good it brings justifies its undertaking.
An example of a concrete situation where normative theory can be applied is an instance when a brave man intervenes in a bid to prevent youth from being assaulted by his peers. In virtue theory, this interprets to a positive character trait which is bravery. Therefore, his actions are right because he has acted by the exemplary aspects of virtues. A consequentialist in this situation will weigh the outcome of his actions and in this situation, there were good because he prevented the youth from being injured. Consequently, a deontologist commends the actual actions of the man. Considering that it was his duty to stand up for the youth thus this kind of behavior rated as intrinsically good.
Consequentialism and deontology tend to have almost similar approaches since their main attempt is to justify and specify principles and moral rules. However, each of the two theories has different approaches deontology reigns on acting according to duty which should result in good. On the other hand, utilitarianism basis on consequences but encourages people to do what they deem as good regardless of whether they are right or wrong (MacIntyre, 2013). However, virtues are quite different because they define that human beings should have particular good character traits that translate to acceptable morals. Thus, virtues do not have exceptions good character traits are the standard measure.
Nonetheless, each approach to ethical theory contains advantages and disadvantages. The benefits accrued to deontology include an emphasis on valuing every human being, says that some actions are always wrong, it provides certainty and measures the intentions and motives of an action. On the other hand, it has disadvantages such as allowing people to act in ways that make the world seem like a lesser good place to live and it based on absolute rules without exceptions. The consequentialist theory has advantages in making informed decisions concerning a large group of people and making space weigh the good or wrong of an action. Also, it provides a platform for taking actions that produce more good than harm to all the affected people (MacIntyre, 2013). However, there are some limitations to the same theory like its egoistic approach that seems to campaign for self-interest. Lastly, virtues have some advantages like accounting for all human experiences and their roles in deliberating ethics. However, virtues have limitations, especially when resolving disputes because people often disagree on virtues rather than values. Also, ethics emphasize on displaying good character traits instead of helping people decide on the actions they should take in particular situations. Besides, it limits people by stressing the importance of education and role modeling ethical behavior.
In the world business, some contemporary issues should be addressed like pollution especially on what a company should do with waste disposal. Posing the question of what is the best ethical way of dealing with such an environmental degrading situation. Ethically it is wrong to pollute the environment because it hurts not only the people but also the environment. Therefore, it is virtuous for a company to practice what is appropriate by caring about the people around them and thus should embark on alternative ways of disposal. By so doing they avoid hurting the society and environment and act in a socially responsible manner.
MacIntyre, A. (2013). A Short History of Ethics: a history of moral philosophy from the Homeric age to the 20th century. Routledge.
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Tá nádúr na eitice ag casadh timpeall ar bhealach praiticiúil a nascadh go bunúsach leis an iompar ceart sa tsochaí. Trí bheith réasúnta, déanann daoine meas ar chaighdeáin agus feidhmíonn siad caighdeáin sula dtéann siad i mbun cúinsí nua atá ag athrú i gcónaí. Mar sin féin, is minic a bhíonn daoine ag tabhairt aghaidh ar mhíchumas maidir le cad ba cheart a dhéanamh agus iad ag dul i ngleic le cásanna éagsúla (MacIntyre, 2013). Tá an t-eagla soiléir nuair nach féidir le daoine prionsabail atá ann cheana a chur i bhfeidhm i gcásanna sonracha. Mar shampla, is minic a bhíonn míniúchán ag iriseoirí i gcásanna éagsúla. Go háirithe nuair a bhíonn orthu príobháideacht pholaiteoirí a ionsaí ina n-imscrúduithe ar líomhaintí maidir le hiompar neamh-eiticiúil.
Tá stair na heitice déanta ag smaointeoireacht chriticiúil roinnt fealsúna lárnach. I measc na ndaoine sin tá Aistritheoil, Platón, Immanuel Kunt, agus Sócráit. Chaith Sócráit an chuid is mó dá shaol ag iarraidh na coincheapa criticiúla a bhaineann le saincheisteanna nach raibh sainmhínithe coincréite acu mar áilleacht agus fírinne agus na deiseanna eagna, misneach, dílseacht, meath agus ceartais a scrúdú agus a mhíniú go soiléir. Bhí Plato, a bhí ina mhac léinn ar phríomh-smaoineamh Socrates, bunaithe ar theoiric na bhfoirmeacha. Chuaigh sé ar aghaidh ag míniú go bhfuil cineál réaltachta níos airde agus níos bunúsaí ag an astracadh meiteafisic. Tháinig an teoiric seo mar bhunús chun an réamhtheachtachas a thuiscint. Ba é Aristoteles an fealsamh is suntasaí a rinne cáineadh ar shaincheisteanna a bhí ó eitic, loighic íon, litríocht, polaitíocht agus eolaíocht (MacIntyre, 2013). Rinne sé teoiric ar na ceithre chúis le gach rud atá ann. Thairis sin, rinne sé argóint faoi ordlathas na beatha agus dá bhrí sin aicmiú ar an léardlann na beatha le aon chéim dhéag a bhí ag daoine. Thairis sin, chuir sé prionsabail na n-eitic a bhfuil a gcuid coincheapa bunaithe ar mhaith a dhéanamh seachas a bheith go maith. Bhí Immanuel Kunt ina fhealsúnach nua-aimseartha agus d'fhás sé ar a chuid cáineadh maidir le empiriceachas agus réasúnachas a chur le chéile a mhaíonn sé gur eispéireas struchtúrtha intinne é.
Soláthraíonn eitic choinbhinsiúnach teoiric ghinearálaithe ag insint do dhaoine conas ba chóir dóibh maireachtáil. Déantar iad a aicmiú i dtrí chineál deoir, deoir agus deoirteoirí deontúlacha a léiríonn eilimintí éagsúla. Cuireann teoiric na virtue béim ar na carachtair mhóracha a gceaptar go bhfuil ag an duine aonair. Tá cuid de na tréithe a léirítear i bhfoirmeacha misneach, trócaire, flaithiúlacht, srl. Míníonn an teoiric deontological gur chóir do dhuine díriú ar a ndualgais agus a oibleagáidí sula ngníomhóidh sé i gcás áirithe (MacIntyre, 2013). Mar sin ag comhaontú go bhfuil ag déanamh an gníomh ceart de réir riachtanais a ndualgais is é an rud atá inghlactha. Míníonn an cur chuige iarmhairtí go bhfuil an mhaith a thugann sé a údarú a ghnóthais cibé gníomh a dhéantar.
Sampla de chás nithiúil ina bhféadfaí teoiric choinbhinsiúnach a chur i bhfeidhm is ea cás nuair a dhéanann fear cróga idirghabháil i ndícheall chun cosc a chur ar dhaoine óga ionsaí a dhéanamh ar a chomhghleacaithe. Sa teoiric deimhneachta, léiríonn sé seo tréith dearfach carachtair is ea misneach. Dá bhrí sin, tá a chuid gníomhartha ceart toisc go ndearna sé gníomhú de réir na gnéithe samplacha de mhaitheas. Beidh consequentialist sa chás seo a mheá na torthaí dá ghníomhartha agus sa chás seo, bhí maith toisc go raibh sé cosc ar an óige ó a bheith gortaithe. Dá bhrí sin, molaíonn deontologist gníomhartha iarbhír an duine. Ag smaoineamh gurbh é a dhualgas seasamh suas don óige dá bhrí sin, measadh an cineál seo iompair mar mhaith go bunúsach.
Is gnách go mbíonn cur chuige beagnach cosúil ag iarmhairtí agus deontology ós rud é gurb é an príomhfheidhm atá acu ná prionsabail agus rialacha morálta a fhíorú agus a shonrú. Mar sin féin, tá gach ceann de na dhá teoiric a bhfuil cur chuige difriúil deontology reigns ar gníomhú de réir dualgas a ba chóir a bheith ina thoradh ar mhaith. Ar an láimh eile, tá an utilitarianism bunaithe ar iarmhairtí ach spreagann sé daoine a dhéanamh ar a mheasann siad go maith gan aird a thabhairt ar cibé acu atá siad ceart nó mícheart (MacIntyre, 2013). Mar sin féin, tá na deiseanna go leor difriúil toisc go ndéanann siad a shainmhíniú gur chóir go mbeadh tréithe dea-charachtair áirithe ag daoine a aistriú go moráltachtaí inghlactha. Dá bhrí sin, ní bhíonn eisceachtaí ag dea-ghnéithe carthanachta mar an tomhas caighdeánach.
Mar sin féin, tá buntáistí agus míbhuntáistí ag gach cur chuige maidir le teoiric eiticiúil. I measc na buntáistí a bhaineann le deontology tá béim ar luacháil gach duine, deir sé go bhfuil roinnt gníomhartha mícheart i gcónaí, soláthraíonn sé cinnteacht agus tomhais ar intinn agus ar fhéinicí gníomhartha. Ar an láimh eile, tá míbhuntáistí aige, mar shampla ligean do dhaoine gníomhú ar bhealaí a fhágann go bhfuil an domhan cosúil le háit níos lú maith le maireachtáil agus tá sé bunaithe ar rialacha iomlán gan eisceachtaí. Tá buntáistí ag an teoiric iarbhír i gcinneadh eolasach a dhéanamh maidir le grúpa mór daoine agus spás a dhéanamh chun dea-eagla nó mícheart gníomhaíochta a mheá. Chomh maith leis sin, soláthraíonn sé ardán chun gníomhartha a dhéanamh a tháirgeann níos mó maitheasa ná dochar do na daoine go léir a bhfuil tionchar acu orthu (MacIntyre, 2013). Mar sin féin, tá roinnt teorainneacha leis an teoiric chéanna mar a chur chuige egoistic a bhfuil an chuma ar an bhfeachtas ar son leas féin. Ar deireadh, tá roinnt buntáistí ag na dea-ghníomhairí mar cuntas a thabhairt do gach taithí daonna agus a róil i ndíriú ar eitic. Mar sin féin, tá teorainneacha ag na dea-ghníomhan, go háirithe nuair a bhíonn díospóidí á réiteach toisc go mbíonn daoine ag easaontú go minic ar na dea-ghníomhan seachas ar na luachanna. Chomh maith leis sin, cuireann an eitic béim ar thréithe dea-charachtair a thaispeáint in ionad cabhrú le daoine cinneadh a dhéanamh ar na gníomhartha ba chóir dóibh a dhéanamh i gcásanna áirithe. Thairis sin, cuireann sé teorainn ar dhaoine trí béim a chur ar thábhacht an oideachais agus ar mhúnlaí iompair eitice.
Sa ghnó domhanda, ba cheart aghaidh a thabhairt ar roinnt saincheisteanna comhaimseartha cosúil le truailliú go háirithe ar an méid ba cheart do chuideachta a dhéanamh le diúscairt dramhaíola. Ag cur an cheist cad é an bealach eiticiúil is fearr chun déileáil le staid chomhshaoil ídiú den sórt sin. Go heiticiúil tá sé mícheart an timpeallacht a thruailliú toisc go ndéanann sé dochar ní amháin do na daoine ach don chomhshaol freisin. Dá bhrí sin, is dea-scéal é do chuideachta an rud is cuí a dhéanamh trí aire a thabhairt do na daoine timpeall orthu agus dá bhrí sin ba cheart dó dul i mbun bealaí eile diúscairt. Trí sin a dhéanamh, seachnaíonn siad dochar a dhéanamh don tsochaí agus don chomhshaol agus gníomhú ar bhealach atá freagrach go sóisialta.
MacIntyre, A. (2013). A Short History of Ethics: stair na fealsúnachta morálta ó aois Homeric go dtí an 20ú haois. Routledge.
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A Hypertext Edition of Charles Hoy Fort's Book
Edited and Annotated by Mr. X
UNKNOWN, luminous things, or beings have often been seen, sometimes close to this earth, and sometimes high in the sky. It may be that some of them were living things that occasionally come from somewhere else in our existence, but that others were lights on the vessels of explorers, or voyagers, from somewhere else.
From time to time, luminous objects, or beings, have been reported from Brown Mountain, North Carolina. They appear, and then for a long time are not seen, and then they appear again. See the Literary Digest, Nov. 7, 1925.(1) I have other records. The luminosities travel, as if with motions of their own. They are brilliant, globular forms, and move in the sky, with a leisureliness and duration that exclude any explanation in meteoric terms. For many years, there [123/124] had been talk upon this subject, and then, in the year 1922, people of North Carolina, asking for a scientific investigation, were referred to the United States Geological Survey. A geologist was sent from Washington to investigate these things in the sky.
One imagines, but most likely only faintly, the superiority of this geologist from Washington. He heard stories from the natives. He contrasted his own sound principles with the irresponsible gab of the denizens, and went right to the investigation, scientifically. He went out on a road, and saw lights, and made his report. Forty-seven per cent. of the lights that he saw were automobile headlights, 33 per cent. of them were locomotive headlights, 10 per cent. were lights in houses, and 10 per cent. were bush fires. Tot that up, and see that efficiency can't go further. The geologist from Washington, having investigated nothing that he had been sent to investigate, returned to Washington, which also, by the way, is a place where there's plenty to investigate, and I suppose that the people of North Carolina will be no wiser, as to these things in the sky, if some other time they appeal to a United States Fish Commission, or the Department of Labour.
I don't know to just what degree my accusation, in these matters, is of laziness and feeble-mindedness of scientists. Or, instead of accusing, I am simply pointing out everybody's inability seriously to spend time upon something, which, according to his preconceptions, is nonsense. Scientists, in matters of our data, have been like somebody in Europe, before the year 1492, hearing stories of lands to the west, going out on the ocean for an hour or so, in a row-boat, and then saying, whether exactly in these words, or not: "Oh, hell! there ain't no America."
In Knowledge, Sept., 1913, Count de Sibour enjoyed his laziness, or incompetence, which a merciful provi- [124/125] dence, bent upon keeping us human beings reconciled to being human beings, made him think was his own superiority.(2) He told a story of foolish, credulous people, in North Norfolk, England, who, in the winter of 1907-08, believed that a pair of shining things, moving about the fields, could not be explained as he explained them. We are told of a commonplace ending of this alleged mystery: that finally a gamekeeper shot one of these objects, and found that it was a common barn owl, phosphorescent with decayed wood from its nesting place, or with a fungous disease of its feathers. According to other accounts, these things were as brilliant as electric lights. But a phosphorescent owl could not shine with a light like an electric light. So De Sibour described the light as "a pale, yellow glow," such as a phosphorescent owl could shine with.
Science concerns itself with adaptations, and science itself is adaptation. We are reminded of the Rev. Hugh Guy. He could not explain downpours: so he turned downpours into "a small quantity," which he could explain.
De Sibour knew nothing about this subject, from his own experiences. We go to the same records to which he went. Like him, we find just about what we want to find. In the London Times, Dec. 10, 1907, and in following issues, are accounts of these luminous objects, which were flying about the fields of North Norfolk, having been reported by Mr. R.W. Purdy, a well-known writer upon biologic subjects.(3)
Among other attempts to assimilate with the known, or among other expressions of a world-wide antipathy to the finding out of anything new, was the idea that owls are sometime luminous. The idea came first, or the solution of the problem was published first, and then the problem was fitted to the solution. This is [125/126] said to be a favourite method of ratiocination with inmates of a home for the mentally deficient, but I should think that one of these inmates should feel at home anywhere. De Sibour and others fitted in a story that a luminous owl had been shot. I think that at times there may be faintly luminous owls, because I accept that, under some circumstances, almost anything may be luminous. English Mechanic, 10-15 -- case of a woman with a luminous toe.(4)
Shining things, flying like birds, in the fields of North Norfolk continued to be reported. The brilliant things looked electric. When they rested on trees, everything around them was illuminated. Purdy's descriptions are very different from "a pale, yellow glow." Upon the night of December 1st, he saw something that he thought was the lamp of a motor cycle, moving rapidly, in a field, stopping, then rising several yards, moving higher, and then retreating. It moved in various directions. See the Field, Jan. 11, 1908.(5)
De Sibour was uncareful, in his mystery-squelching story, his bobbed story, a story, that forced a mystery to a commonplace ending. No gamekeeper shot a luminous owl, at this time, in North Norfolk.
But somebody did say that he had conventionally solved the mystery. Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), Feb. 7, 1908 -- that, early in the morning of the 5th, Mr. E.S. Cannell, of Lower Hellesdon, saw something shining on a grass bank.(6) According to him, it fluttered up to him, and he found that it was the explanation of a mystery. It was a luminous owl, he said: and, as told by him, he carried it to his home, where it died, "still luminous."
But see the Press of the 8th -- that Mr. Cannell's dead owl had been taken to a taxidermist, who had been interviewed.(7) Of course a phosphorescence of a bird, whether from decayed wood, or feather fungi, [126/127] would be independent of life or death of the bird. Questioned as to whether the body of the owl was luminous or not, the taxidermist said: "I have seen nothing luminous about it."
In zoological journals, one frequently comes upon allusions to these things, or beings, of North Norfolk. No gamekeeper killed one of them, but the story of the gamekeeper who killed a luminous owl is told in these records that are said to be scientific. It is not necessary that a gamekeeper should kill a luminous owl, and so put an end to a mystery. A story that he did, will serve just as well.
The finding, or procuring in some way or another, of the body of an owl, did not put an end to the mystery, except in most of the records, that are said to be scientific. There were at first two lights, and there continued to be two lights. The brilliant things continued to be seen in the fields, flitting about, appearing and disappearing. The last observation findable by me (May 3, 1908) is recorded in the Trans. Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 8-550.(8) Purdy records an observation upon the two lights, seen together, more than a month after the date upon which Mr. Cannell said that his owl fluttered right up to him.(9)
Something else was reported, in this region. In the Eastern Daily Press, Jan. 28, 1908, it is said that, at night -- moon bright -- "a dark, globular object, with a structure of some kind upon the side of it, travelling at a great pace," had been seen in the sky, by employees of the Norwich Transportation Company, at Mousehead.(10) "It seemed too large for a kite, and, besides, its movements seemed under control, for it was travelling against the wind."
I am here noting only a few of the many records of unknown, seeming living, luminous things that used [127/128] to be called will-o'-the-wisps. They come and they go, and their reappearances in a small region make me think of other localised repetitions that we have noted.
London Daily Express, Feb. 15, and following issues, 1923 -- brilliant luminous things moving across fields, sometimes high in the air, at Fenny Compton, Warwickshire.(11) They were "intense lights," like automobile headlights. Sometimes these luminous things, or beings, hovered over a farm house. It was a deserted farm house, according to the London Daily News, Feb. 13.(12) About a year later, one of these objects, or whatever they were, returned, and was reported as "a swiftly moving light," by several persons, one of them Miss Olive Knight, a school teacher, of Fenny Compton (London Sunday News, Jan. 27, 1924).(13)
The Earl of Erne tells, in the London Daily Mail, Dec. 24, 1912,
of brilliant luminosities that, from time to time, in a period of seven
or eight years, had been appearing near Lough Erne, Londonderry, Ireland,
"in size and shape very much like a motor-car lamp."(14)
In later issues of the Daily Mail, the Countess of Erne tells of
these things, or creatures, "like motor-car lamps, large and round."(15)
1. "The queer lights on Brown Mountain." Literary Digest, 87 n. 6 (wh.n. 1855; November 7, 1925): 44, 49. Ten per cent of the lights observed by the geologist in 1922 were attributed to "fixt lights," (not only house lights).
2. L. de Sibour. "The existence of luminous birds." Knowledge, n.s., 10 (September 1913): 321-322.
3. T. Digby Pigott. "Luminous owl." London Times, December 14, 1907, p.16 c.5. "A luminous owl?" London Times Weekly Edition, December 20, 1907, p.iv c.4. "Luminous owl." London Times, December 26, 1907, p.2 c.6. T. Digby Pigott. "Luminous owls." London Times, January 9, 1908, p.6 c.3. H.D. Rawnsley. "Luminous birds." London Times, January 14, 1908, p.6 c.2. Oswald Crawford. "Luminous birds." London Times, January 18, 1908, p.7 c.3. "Luminous birds." London Times, January 22, 1908, p.17 c.6.
4. "A luminous toe." English Mechanic, 10 (September 24, 1869): 24.
5. R.J.W.P. "Luminosity of the white owl." Field, 111 (January 11, 1908): 70. c.1. Correct quote: "...lamp of a motor bicycle moving rapidly...."
6. "Luminous owl at Hellesdon." Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), February 7, 1908, p.4 c.7.
7. "The luminous owl." Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), February 8, 1908, p.9 c.5.
8. R.J.W. Purdy. "The occasional luminosity of the white owl (Strix flammea)." Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 8, 547-52, at 551-2. The two were observed for half an hour, on March 12, 1908, along the valley between Twyford and Guist.
9. For further correspondence on this subject: H.C. Cooke. "The luminous owl." Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), January 1, 1908, p.6 c.7. John Knowlittle. "The luminous owl." Eastern Daily Press, January 2, 1908, p.3 c.7. "The luminous owl." Eastern Daily Press, January 3, 1908, p.6 c.6-7. "The luminous owl." Eastern Daily Press, January 7, 1908, p.6 c.5-6. W.R. "The luminous owl." Eastern Daily Press, January 8, 1908, p.3 c.5. "Luminous owl." Eastern Daily Press, January 9, 1908, p.6 c.6. C.A. Hamond, and, T.W. Purdy. "The luminous owl." Eastern Daily Press, January 17, 1908, p.8 c.5. W.S. Everitt. "The Hellesdon owl." Eastern Daily Press, February 8, 1908, p.8 c.3.
10. "Airship seen over Norwich." Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), January 29, 1908, p.6 c.5. The object over Mousehold, (not Mousehead), was observed by employees of the Norwich Tramway Company, at Norwich. Correct quotes: "...a dark globular object travelling at a great pace;" "...and there appeared some structure attached to the side of it," and, "It appeared too large for a kite or a small balloon, and, besides, its movements seemed to be under human control...."
11. "Ghost lights." London Daily Express, February 13, 1923, p.7 c.3. "Ghost ray mystery." London Daily Express, February 14, 1923, p.1 c.7. Correct quote: "The light is intense." "When the ghost walks." London Daily Express, February 15, 1923, p.4 c.4. "The farm of spooks." London Daily Express, February 19, 1923, p.7 c.7. "Ox-trot of the spooks." London Daily Express, February 20, 1923, p.7 c.7. "The ghost hunters." London Daily Express, February 21, 1923, p.1. c.7 & p.5 c.3. "Midnight ghost thunder." London Daily Express, February 22, 1923, p.3 c.2. "Bewitched farm." London Daily Express, February 26, 1923, p.3 c.1.
12. "Village ghost scare." London Daily News, February 13, 1923, p.5 c.3.
13. London Sunday News, (January 27, 1924).
14. "The yellow light." London Daily Mail, December 24, 1912, p.5 c.5. The period given was six or seven years, (not seven or eight); and, Lough Erne is located in Co. Fermanagh, (not at Londonderry). Correct quote: "...very much the same as a motor-car lamp."
15. "Chase of the will-o'-the-wisp." London Daily Mail, December 26, 1912, p.3 c.6. "Lake lights mystery." London Daily Mail, January 1, 1913, p.3 c.6. Elliot Mackirdy. "A mysterious light." London Daily Mail, January 2, 1913, p.4 c.5. James M. Monteith Erskine. "Will-o'-the-wisps." London Daily Mail, January 3, 1913, p.3 c.2.
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Leagan Hipirtheangach de Leabhar Charles Hoy Fort
Arna eagarthóireacht agus arna cur síos ag an Uasal X
GLACHAIDH rudaí, nó daoine, neamhfhoirmiúla, solais go minic, uaireanta gar don talamh seo, agus uaireanta ard sa spéir. B'fhéidir go raibh roinnt acu ina n-eintiteas beo a thagann ó áit éigin eile inár saol ó am go ham, ach go raibh daoine eile ina solais ar shoithí na ndeardaitheoirí, nó na dtuaslagóirí, ó áit éigin eile.
Ó am go ham, tá rudaí solais, nó daoine, tuairiscíodh ó Brown Mountain, Carolina Thuaidh. Tá siad le feiceáil, agus ansin ar feadh i bhfad nach bhfuil le feiceáil, agus ansin tá siad le feiceáil arís. Féach an Literary Digest, 7 Samhain, 1925. (1) Tá taifid eile agam. Na luminosities taisteal, amhail is dá mba le gluaiseachtaí a gcuid féin. Tá siad geal, foirmeacha spórtha, agus bogann siad sa spéir, le leisiness agus fad a eisiamh aon mhíniú i dtéarmaí meteoric. Ar feadh blianta fada, bhí [123/124] ag caint ar an ábhar seo, agus ansin, sa bhliain 1922, tugadh daoine ó Carolina Thuaidh, ag iarraidh fiosrúchán eolaíoch, chuig Suirbhéireacht Geolaíochta na Stát Aontaithe. Seoladh geolaí ó Washington chun na rudaí seo sa spéir a imscrúdú.
Is féidir le duine a shamhlú, ach is dócha ach go héasca, an superiority an gheolaí seo ó Washington. Chuala sé scéalta ó na dúchasaigh. D'éirigh sé a prionsabail fuaime féin leis an gab neamhfhreagrach na dtuismitheoirí, agus chuaigh sé díreach chuig an imscrúdú, go heolaíoch. Chuaigh sé amach ar bhealach, agus chonaic solas, agus rinne sé a thuairisciú. Ceithre is seacht faoin gcéad. na soilse a chonaic sé bhí headlights gluaisteán, 33 faoin gcéad. Bhí ceannlár locomotiveanna, 10 faoin gcéad díobh. bhí solais i dtithe, agus 10 faoin gcéad. Bhí tine Bush. Tot go suas, agus féach go bhfuil éifeachtúlacht nach féidir dul níos faide. An geologist ó Washington, tar éis imscrúdú aon rud go raibh sé a sheoladh chun imscrúdú, ar ais go Washington, a bhfuil freisin, ar an mbealach, is áit ina bhfuil go leor a imscrúdú, agus is dóigh liom go mbeidh na daoine de Carolina Thuaidh a bheith níos ciallmhar, mar a na rudaí seo sa spéir, má am éigin eile a achomharc siad chuig an Choimisiún Eitil Stáit Aontaithe, nó an Roinn Oibre.
Níl a fhios agam go díreach cé chomh mór is é mo chúiseamh, sna hábhair seo, de laziness agus weak-mindedness eolaithe. Nó, in ionad cúisithe, táim ag tabhairt le fios go simplí nach bhfuil gach duine in ann am a chaitheamh go dáiríre ar rud éigin, rud atá, de réir a réamh-mheastacháin, gan chiall. Bhí eolaithe, i dtaca lenár sonraí, cosúil le duine san Eoraip, roimh 1492, ag éisteacht le scéalta faoi thalamh san iarthar, ag dul amach ar an aigéan ar feadh uair an chloig nó mar sin, i mbád róil, agus ansin ag rá, cibé acu go díreach sna focail seo, nó nach bhfuil: "Ó, diabhal! Níl aon Mheiriceá. "
I Eolas, Meán Fómhair, 1913, bhain an Grúpa de Sibour taitneamh as a laziness, nó neamhchomhoibriú, a providence trócaire, bent ar a choinneáil orainn daoine a réitíodh le bheith ina ndaoine, rinne sé smaoineamh go raibh a chuid féin níos fearr. (2) D'inis sé scéal faoi dhaoine amaideach, creidiúnacha, i dTuaisceart Norfolk, Sasana, a chreid, i rith gheimhridh 1907-08, nach bhféadfaí péire rudaí geal, ag gluaiseacht ar fud na bhfeirmeacha, a mhíniú mar a mhínigh sé iad. Inis dúinn ar an commonplace deireadh an rúndiamhair líomhnaithe: go deireadh thiar shoot gamekeeper ar cheann de na rudaí, agus fuair sé go raibh sé ina owl baránta coitianta, phosphorescent le adhmad decayed ó a áit neadaithe, nó le galar fungach a chuid féitheacha. De réir cuntais eile, bhí na rudaí seo chomh geal le soilse leictreacha. Ach ní fhéadfadh owl phosphorescent gloine le solas cosúil le solas leictreach. Mar sin, mhínigh De Sibour an solas mar "glow páirteach, buí", mar a d'fhéadfadh owl phosphorescent a bheith ag solas leis.
Baineann an eolaíocht féin le hoiriúnaithe, agus is oiriúnaíocht an eolaíocht féin. Cuirtear i gcuimhne dúinn an Rev. Hugh Guy. Ní raibh sé in ann a mhíniú rainfalls: mar sin rinne sé rainfalls i "cainníocht bheag", a d'fhéadfadh sé a mhíniú.
Ní raibh a fhios ag De Sibour ar bith faoin ábhar seo, óna thaithí féin. Téimid go dtí na taifid chéanna a chuaigh sé. Cosúil leis, faighimid díreach an rud ba mhaith linn a fháil. Sa London Times, 10 Nollaig, 1907, agus i n-eisiúintí ina dhiaidh sin, tá cuntais na n-ábhar soilsitheacha, a bhí ag eitilt ar fud na réimsí de Norfolk Thuaidh, tar éis a thuairiscigh an tUasal R.W. Purdy, scríbhneoir ar eolas ar ábhair bitheolaíocha. (3)
I measc iarrachtaí eile a chomhghuaillithe leis an eolas, nó i measc na léirithe eile ar antipathy ar fud an domhain chun teacht amach ar rud ar bith nua, bhí an smaoineamh go bhfuil owl uaireanta luminous. Tháinig an smaoineamh ar dtús, nó foilsíodh réiteach an fhadhb ar dtús, agus ansin cuireadh an fhadhb in oiriúint don réiteach. Deirtear gurb é seo [125/126] an modh is fearr leat chun réasúnaíocht a dhéanamh le príosúnaigh i dteach do dhaoine atá faoi mhíchumas meabhrach, ach ba cheart dom a cheapadh gur chóir go mbraitheadh duine de na príosúnaigh seo sa bhaile in áit ar bith. De Sibour agus daoine eile a oireann i scéal go raibh a lámhaigh owl luminous. Sílim go bhféadfadh go mbeadh owl beagáinín luminous uaireanta, toisc go nglacfaidh mé leis, faoi chúinsí áirithe, is féidir le beagnach rud ar bith a bheith luminous. Meicnic Béarla, 10-15 - cás de bhean le toe luminous. (4) an
Bhí rudaí geal, ag eitilt cosúil le héin, i réimsí Thuaisceart Norfolk leanófar ag tuairisciú. Bhí na rudaí geal cosúil le leictreachas. Nuair a bhí siad ag scíth a ligean ar chrainn, bhí gach rud timpeall orthu soilsithe. Tá cur síos Purdy an-difriúil ó "glow páirteach, buí". Ar an oíche an 1 Nollaig, chonaic sé rud éigin a cheap sé a bhí an lampa de rothar, ag bogadh go tapa, i réimse, stopadh, ansin ag ardú roinnt slat, ag bogadh níos airde, agus ansin a tharraingt siar. Ghluais sé i dtreo éagsúla. Féach an Field, 11 Eanáir, 1908. (5)
Bhí De Sibour neamhchúramach, ina scéal rúnda-squeezing, a scéal bobbed, scéal, a chuir deireadh gnáthchúramach ar rúndacht. Ní raibh aon gamekeeper shot owl luminous, ag an am seo, i dTuaisceart Norfolk.
Ach dúirt duine éigin go raibh sé réitigh an rúndiamhair go traidisiúnta. Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), Feabhra 7, 1908 - go, go luath ar maidin an 5ú, an tUasal E.S. Cannell, de Hellesdon Íochtarach, chonaic rud éigin shining ar an banc féar. (6) De réir a chuid tuairimí, thit an t-amhrán suas go dtí é, agus fuair sé amach gur léirigh sé rúndiamhair. Bhí sé owl luminous, a dúirt sé: agus, mar a dúirt ag dó, rinne sé é a theach, áit a bhfuair sé bás, "fós luminous".
Ach féach an Preas an 8ú - go raibh an tUasal Cannell's owl marbh a bhí i gceannas ar a taxidermist, a bhí agallaimh. (7) Ar ndóigh, bheadh fosfórsaíocht éan, cibé acu ó adhmad atá ag dul in olcas, nó ó fungais plumha, [126/127] neamhspleách ar shaol nó ar bhás an éan. Nuair a d'fhiafraigh an taxidermist an raibh corp an chúlra geal nó nach raibh, dúirt sé: "Ní fhaca mé aon rud geal air".
I irisí zoological, tagann duine go minic ar allusions do na rudaí, nó a bheith, de Thuaidh Norfolk. Ní raibh aon caomhnóir game maraíodh ceann acu, ach an scéal an caomhnóir game a maraíodh owl luminous insítear sna taifid sin a bhfuil a rá go bhfuil eolaíoch. Níl sé riachtanach go gcaithfidh caomhnóir game a mharú owl luminous, agus mar sin a chur deireadh le mistéar. Scéal a rinne sé, beidh freastal chomh maith.
An aimsiú, nó a fháil ar bhealach éigin nó eile, de chorp an owl, nach bhfuil a chur deireadh leis an rúndiamhair, ach amháin i bhformhór na taifid, a bhfuil a rá go bhfuil eolaíoch. Ar dtús bhí dhá sholas, agus lean an dá sholas. Lean na rudaí geal a bheith le feiceáil sna réimsí, flitting thart, ag teacht chun cinn agus ag imithe. Tá an breathnóireacht deireanach a fhaighim (3 Bealtaine, 1908) taifeadta sa Trans. Cumann Nádúr-eolaithe Norfolk agus Norwich, 8-550. (8) Scríobhann Purdy breathnóireacht ar an dá sholas, a fheictear le chéile, níos mó ná mí tar éis an dáta ar a dúirt an tUasal Cannell go raibh a chúl ag fliuchadh díreach chuige. (9)
Tuairiscíodh rud éigin eile, sa réigiún seo. Sa Eastern Daily Press, 28 Eanáir, 1908, tá sé ráite go, san oíche - ghealach geal - "a dark, réad spólar, le struchtúr de chineál éigin ar an taobh de, ag taisteal ag luas mór, "a bhí le feiceáil sa spéir, ag fostaithe an Chuideachta Iompair Norwich, ag Mousehead. (10) "Bhí an-mhór le bheith ina chataí, agus, dá bharr sin, bhí an chuma ar a ghluaiseachtaí go raibh sé faoi smacht, mar bhí sé ag taisteal i gcoinne an ghaoithe".
Níl mé anseo ach ag tabhairt faoi deara cúpla ceann de na taifid go leor de rudaí anaithnid, cosúil le maireachtáil, solais a úsáidtear [127/128] chun a bheith ar a dtugtar will-o'-the-wisps. Tagann siad agus téann siad, agus cuireann a n-athfhéachtais i réigiún beag i gcuimhne dom athdhéanamh áitiúla eile a thugamar faoi deara.
London Daily Express, 15 Feabhra, agus eisiúintí ina dhiaidh sin, 1923 -- rudaí geal geal ag gluaiseacht ar fud réimsí, uaireanta ard san aer, ag Fenny Compton, Warwickshire. (11) Ba iad "solas dian", cosúil le soilse tosaigh gluaisteán. Uaireanta, bhí na rudaí solais seo, nó na créatúir, ag dul thar teach feirme. Ba teach feirme thréigthe é, de réir an London Daily News, Feb. 13. Céard a tharla? (12) Beagnach bliain ina dhiaidh sin, d'fhill ceann de na rudaí seo, nó cibé rud a bhí iontu, agus tuairiscíodh é mar "solas a bhí ag gluaiseacht go tapa", ag roinnt daoine, ceann acu Miss Olive Knight, múinteoir scoile, de Fenny Compton (Londain Sunday News, 27 Eanáir, 1924). (13) an
Deir an Iarla de Erne, sa Londain Daily Mail, 24 Nollaig, 1912,
de luminosities iontach go, ó am go ham, i dtréimhse de sheacht
nó ocht mbliana, bhí ag teacht i láthair in aice le Lough Erne, Londonderry, Éire,
"i méid agus i bhfoirm an-chosúil le lampa gluaisteán-mótar. " (i)
I n-eisiúintí níos déanaí den Daily Mail, insíonn an Countess of Erne
na rudaí seo, nó créatúir, "cosúil le lampaí gluaisteán mótar-car, mór agus cruinn. " (§15)
1. an t-am a bhí ann. "Na soilse queer ar Brown Mountain". Literary Digest, 87 n. 6 (wh.n. 1855; 7 Samhain, 1925): 44, 49. Deich faoin gcéad de na soilse a d'amharc an gheolaí i 1922 a tugadh de bharr "solas seasta", (ní soilse tí amháin).
2. Seachadadh. L. de Sibour. "A bheith ann d'einíon luminous". Eolas, n.s., 10 (Meán Fómhair 1913): 321-322.
3. Tá an t-am ann. T. Digby Pigott. "Owl gléasta". London Times, 14 Nollaig, 1907, p.16 c.5. "A owl gléasta?" London Times Weekly Edition, 20 Nollaig 1907, p.iv c.4. "Owl gléasta". London Times, 26 Nollaig, 1907, l. 2 c. 6. T. Digby Pigott. "Owl glowing". London Times, 9 Eanáir 1908, l6 c.3. HD. Rawnsley. "Einíon luminous". London Times, 14 Eanáir 1908, l6 c.2. Oswald Crawford. "Einíon luminous". London Times, 18 Eanáir 1908, l.7 c.3. "Einíon luminous". London Times, 22 Eanáir 1908, p.17 c.6.
4. Tá an t-am "A toe luminous". Meicnic Béarla, 10 (24 Meán Fómhair, 1869): 24.
5. Tá an t-am ann. R.J.W.P. "Luminosity an owl bán". Cír, 111 (11 Eanáir 1908): 70. c.1. Tá an t-alt ceart: "... lampa de rothar mótarbhealach ag gluaiseacht go tapa.... "
6. Ceacht. "Owl gléasta ag Hellesdon". Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), 7 Feabhra, 1908, p.4 c.7.
7. Ceacht. "An owl gléasta". Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), 8 Feabhra, 1908, l. 9 c.5.
8. Ceacht. R.J.W. Purdy. "An luminosity ócáideach an owl bán (Strix flammea)". Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 8, 547-52, ag 551-2. Breathnaíodh ar an mbeirt ar feadh leathuair an chloig, ar 12 Márta, 1908, ar feadh na gleann idir Twyford agus Guist.
9. Naoi. Le haghaidh tuilleadh comhfhreagras ar an ábhar seo: H.C. Cooke. "An owl gléasta". Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), 1 Eanáir 1908, p.6 c.7. John Knowlittle. "An owl gléasta". Eastern Daily Press, 2 Eanáir 1908, p.3 c.7. "An owl gléasta". Eastern Daily Press, 3 Eanáir 1908, l.6 c.6-7. "An owl gléasta". Eastern Daily Press, 7 Eanáir 1908, l. 6 c. 5-6. W.R. "An t-eul gléasta". Eastern Daily Press, 8 Eanáir 1908, l. 3 c.5. "Owl gléasta". Eastern Daily Press, 9 Eanáir 1908, p.6 c.6. C.A. Hamond, agus, T.W. Purdy. "An owl gléasta". Eastern Daily Press, 17 Eanáir 1908, p.8 c.5. W.S. Everitt. "An Hellesdon owl". Eastern Daily Press, 8 Feabhra, 1908, l.8 c.3.
10. Tá sé seo fíor? "Féach airship os cionn Norwich". Eastern Daily Press (Norwich), 29 Eanáir 1908, p.6 c.5. Breathnaigh fostaithe de chuid Chompánach Tramaigh Norwich ar an réad os cionn Mousehold, (ní Mousehead), i Norwich. Tá na hairíonna ceart: "...object spólar dorcha ag taisteal ag luas mór;" "...agus bhí roinnt struchtúr ceangailte leis an taobh de", agus, "Is cosúil go raibh sé ró-mhór do chata nó ballún beag, agus, ina theannta sin, is cosúil go raibh a ghluaiseachtaí faoi rialú an duine .... "
11. Céard a tharla? "Solas Ghost". London Daily Express, 13 Feabhra, 1923, l.7 c.3. "Ghost Ray Mystery". (Rá rúnda na rás spiorad) London Daily Express, 14 Feabhra, 1923, l. 1 c. 7. Tá an t-eagrán ceart: "Tá an solas dian". "Nuair a shiúlann an taibhse". London Daily Express, 15 Feabhra, 1923, p.4 c.4. "An feirm de spooks". London Daily Express, 19 Feabhra 1923, p.7 c.7. "Ox-trot na spooks". London Daily Express, 20 Feabhra 1923, p.7 c.7. "An lucht siúil taibhse". London Daily Express, 21 Feabhra, 1923, l.1. c.7 & p.5 c.3. "Midnight ghost thunder". London Daily Express, 22 Feabhra, 1923, l. 3 c.2. "Feirme Bewitched". London Daily Express, 26 Feabhra, 1923, l.3 c.1.
12. Tá sé seo fíor? "Séala ghost scare". London Daily News, 13 Feabhra, 1923, p.5 c.3.
13. Céard a tharla? London Sunday News, (27 Eanáir, 1924).
14. Céard a tharla? "An solas buí". London Daily Mail, 24 Nollaig, 1912, p.5 c.5. Ba é an tréimhse a tugadh sé nó seacht mbliana, (ní seacht nó ocht mbliana); agus, tá Lough Erne suite i gContae Fermanagh, (ní ag Londonderry). Tá an t-amhrán ceart: "... an-chosúil le lampa gluaisteán".
15. Ceacht. "Chase an toil-o'-an-wisp". London Daily Mail, 26 Nollaig, 1912, p.3 c.6. "Lake lights mistério". London Daily Mail, 1 Eanáir 1913, p.3 c.6. Elliot Mackirdy. "Solas mistéireach". London Daily Mail, 2 Eanáir 1913, p.4 c.5. James M. Monteith Erskine. "Will-o'-the-wisps". London Daily Mail, 3 Eanáir 1913, p.3 c.2.
Nó, téigh go dtí:
Cuid a hAon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Cuid a Dó 1 2 3 4
Cuid a Trí 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Fill ar ais go suíomh Gréasáin Fortean an Uasail X
Is féidir cumarsáid (de rogha ann i mBéarla) a sheoladh chuig an Uasal X trí ríomhphost ar email@example.com
nó trí litir chuig: Cás 1598, Kingston, Ontario K7L 5C8 CANADA.
© X, 1998, 1999


Many athletes and sports enthusiasts experience injuries.
Injuries can occur due to body contact, poor co-ordination, trauma, lack of balance, repetitive movement, jolting or excessive force, but regardless, any kind of sport damage encounters pain to the injured part of the body, usually followed by inflammation and swelling.
Blood clots can also form as a response to tissue damage and when bleeding occurs, coagulation of blood takes place to block leakage, encouraging repair to damaged blood vessels.
Prolonged inflammation of an injured area can lead to a chronic condition and destruction of surrounding normal cells and tissues, further delaying the healing process, which can lead to a temporary loss of function.
Treating Golfer's Elbow with Leech Therapy
Golfer's elbow is an inflammatory condition of the elbow caused by the same tendon being stressed during a game.
It can become very painful over time and unfortunately can interfere with a player's handicap, which is particularly frustrating for professional players as well as enthusiastic amateurs.
Usually, many players suffering golfer's elbow will try conservative treatment before resorting to anesthetics and steroids and in many cases will continue to feel pain due to the same tendon being continuously stressed during a golf swing.
Mr. Mehdi Jaffari uses natural leech therapy to successfully treat Golfer's Elbow and depending on the severity, the problem can be resolved in two to four treatments.
Leech Therapy is a safe and natural solution to Golfer's Elbow, without the need for continued visits to an occupational therapist or the use of anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids and most importantly, the requirement of resting the elbow for long periods, resulting in taking time away from the passion of the players.
Treating Rugby Injuries with Leech Therapy
Direct injuries caused by an external blow or force is very common in Rugby. Examples of collisions with other players during a tackle can cause haematomas [corks] and bruising, damage to joints and ligaments as well as dislocations and bone fractures.
During practice and tournaments, excessive and repetitive force can often be placed on the bones and other connective tissues of the body, causing overuse injury. In the early stages of these injuries, little or no pain might be experienced until the damage accumulates, causing the injured site to become inflamed and painful.
Mehdi Jaffari uses his vast experience to treat sports injuries with Leech Therapy.
Treating Sport Injuries with Leech Therapy
Leech therapy is extremely beneficial in the healing process of sport injuries due to enzymes found in leech saliva, which are known to reduce pain, inflammation and dissolving blood clots.
Enzymes found in leech saliva dilate vessels and work together with other enzymes to flush out toxins and promote healthy circulation to accelerate the healing process, as well as containing antibacterial enzymes that help prevent and eliminate the production of bacteria.
Leech therapy diminishes inflammation, swelling and pain of an injured area, leading to an accelerated normal function.
During therapy, leeches also inject an anesthetic enzyme which deadens the pain, as well as an antibacterial enzyme, which destroys the bacteria present, preventing further infection of the site, all of which work together to speed up the healing process of sport injuries.
Duration of leech therapy is dependent upon the severity of the sport injury. Likewise, the frequency of the sessions and the number of leeches used in the treatment also vary per individual.

Bíonn go leor lúthchleasaithe agus lucht díograise spóirt ag fulaingt ó ghortú.
Is féidir le díobhálacha tarlú mar gheall ar theagmháil coirp, droch-chomhordaithe, trauma, easpa cothromaíochta, gluaiseacht athdhéanta, jolting nó fórsa iomarcach, ach is cuma, bíonn pian ag aon chineál damáiste spóirt ar chuid díobhálach an choirp, de ghnáth ina dhiaidh sin le athlasadh agus tuitim.
Is féidir le clútha fola a bheith ann mar fhreagra ar damáiste fíocháin agus nuair a tharlaíonn fuil, bíonn coagulation fola ag cur bac ar sceitheadh, ag spreagadh a dheisiú ar shoithí fola damáiste.
Is féidir le tinneas ainsealach agus scrios cealla agus fíocháin gnáth a bhaineann le limistéar díobhálaithe a bheith mar thoradh ar athlasadh fada, rud a fhágann go gcuirfear moill ar an bpróiseas leighis, rud a d'fhéadfadh a bheith mar thoradh ar chaillteanas sealadach feidhme.
Cóireáil Leac Gholaí le Teiripe Leech
Is éard atá i gcúlchúl an gholfa ná riocht athlastaithe an chúlchúl a tharlaíonn mar gheall ar an tendon céanna a bheith i bhfianaise le linn an chluiche.
Is féidir leis a bheith an-chasta le himeacht ama agus is féidir leis cur isteach ar dheacraíocht imreoir, rud atá frustrach go háirithe do imreoirí gairmiúla chomh maith le lucht leanúna díograiseacha.
De ghnáth, déanfaidh go leor imreoirí a bhfuil clog golfer acu iarracht cóireáil choimeádach a thriail sula dtéann siad chuig anaesthetics agus stéaróidigh agus i go leor cásanna leanfaidh siad ag mothú pian mar gheall ar an tendon céanna a bheith i gcónaí ag cur iallach le linn swing gailf.
Úsáideann an tUasal Mehdi Jaffari teiripe liúch nádúrtha chun cóireáil a dhéanamh ar Chlúdach Golfer agus ag brath ar an dáileog, is féidir an fhadhb a réiteach i dhá nó ceithre chóireáil.
Is réiteach sábháilte agus nádúrtha é Teiripe Leech ar Chlúdach Golfer, gan an gá le cuairteanna leanúnacha ar theiripeoir oibre nó úsáid drugaí frith-athlastacha nó stéaróidigh agus an rud is tábhachtaí, an riachtanas an chlúdach a chur ar scor ar feadh tréimhsí fada, rud a fhágann go dtógtar am ar shiúl ó paisean na n-imreoirí.
Ag cóireáil Gortú Rugbaí le Teiripe Leech
Tá díobhálacha díreacha a tharlaíonn de bharr bua nó fórsa seachtrach an-choitianta i Rugbaí. Is féidir le samplaí de chollóidí le himreoirí eile le linn an chúlra a bheith ina gcúis le haematomas [cork] agus bruising, damáiste do chomhpháirteanna agus ligament chomh maith le dífhilleadh agus briseadh cnámh.
Le linn cleachtadh agus comórtais, is minic a chuirtear fórsa iomarcach agus athdhéanta ar na cnámha agus ar fhíocháin cheangailteacha eile an choirp, rud a fhágann go ndéantar gortaíocht ró-úsáid. I gcéimeanna luatha na n-ionsaí seo, d'fhéadfadh pian beag nó gan aon pian a bheith ann go dtí go ndéantar an damáiste a bhailiú, rud a fhágann go mbeidh an suíomh díobhálaithe athraithe agus pianmhar.
Úsáideann Mehdi Jaffari a thaithí ollmhór chun leideanna spóirt a chóireáil le Teiripe Leech.
Leigheas le Gortú Spóirt le Teiripe Leech
Tá teiripe leech an-tairbheach i bpróiseas leighis díobhálacha spóirt mar gheall ar einsímí a fhaightear i saliva leech, a bhfuil a fhios acu pian, athlasadh agus clútha fola a laghdú.
Déantar ensímí a fhaightear i saliva leech a leathnú ar shoithigh agus a bheith ag obair le ensímí eile chun tocsainí a chur amach agus scaipeadh sláintiúil a chur chun cinn chun an próiseas cóireála a luathaithe, chomh maith le ensímí frithbhabhtáracha a bheith iontu a chabhraíonn le táirgeadh baictéir a chosc agus a dhíchur.
Laghdaíonn teiripe leech athlasadh, titim agus pian limistéar gortaithe, rud a fhágann go nglacann gnáthfheidhm go tapa.
Le linn na teiripe, cuireann liopaí instealladh freisin ar einsím anaesthetic a mharaíonn an pian, chomh maith le einsím frithbacteriach, a scriosann na baictéir atá i láthair, ag cosc a chur ar ionfhabhtú breise an láithreáin, a oibríonn go léir le chéile chun luas a chur ar phróiseas leighis na gcionta spóirt.
Braitheann fad na teiripe le leá ar thréimhse an ghortú spóirt. Ar an gcaoi chéanna, tá éagsúlacht ag baint le minicíocht na seisiúin agus líon na leeches a úsáidtear sa chóireáil.


Iceland has been the darling of adventure travel for nearly a decade. Tourists flock to its limits to see its mighty waterfalls, glaciers, and fjords. Although not quite as popular as it used to be, Iceland is still one of the most popular Top 50 most popular travel destinations for American tourists. We are sure that when you learn more about this beautiful cold-weather country, it will be on your must-see list!
There are many facts to learn and even more to love about Iceland. Whether you love folklore, language learning or breathtaking scenery, Iceland has something for you.
Facts about Iceland
Don’t worry if preparing to travel to another country is stressful for you. We have already put together a comprehensive Iceland travel guide to help you find holiday apartments, plan routes and put together a vacation route. In the meantime, let’s start with 15 cool facts about Iceland that will inspire your next vacation!
1. Iceland was settled by Vikings
For a European country, Iceland is considered relatively young. It wasn’t until the 800s that Vikings came from Norway to colonize what we now know as Iceland. Viking culture is still reflected in the language, art, and even the land itself. Fun fact The Vikings series touched on that fact last season. You should see it, it’s great!
2. The name Iceland is meant to be confusing
What was one of the first things the Vikings did when they came to their new land? They gave it a name – and one that would ward off potential intruders.
You may have wondered why Iceland and Greenland have the names they have when Iceland is covered in foliage and Greenland is covered in ice. Believe it or not, it was done on purpose! The Vikings knew that enemies would follow them and hoped that this confusion would send their enemies to Greenland and leave them in peace.
3. Iceland is home to Europe’s first parliament
The Althing is Iceland’s national parliament and one of the longest-running parliaments in the world. In fact, the original location of the Althing is the first parliamentary site in European history.
The Icelandic parliament has changed over the years, especially after Iceland was united with Norway. However, it is still functional today and tourists can see the place where one of the earliest democracies took shape.
4. Iceland offers a unique view of the tectonic plate
Ingvellir National Park is home to the Althing, but it also has serious geographic significance. It is one of only two places on the planet where you can physically see the rift between two tectonic plates. More precisely, this is where you can get a glimpse of the North American and Eurasian plates, where they meet in the Atlantic Ocean. Read more: Diving in Silfra – Iceland underwater
(Where is the other place you can see this phenomenon? You will find it on your next trip to Africa.)
5. Iceland has tons of volcanoes
We don’t tend to associate cold-weather countries with volcanoes, but Iceland is full of them. In fact, Iceland has over 125 volcanoes spread across the country.
Some of these volcanoes are still active while others could awaken at any time. Much of Iceland is covered in lava fields, and the nation experiences at least one new eruption roughly every four years. Read more: Iceland – Experience the land of fire and ice
6. Cold land, hot springs
Volcanic activity doesn’t just take place above the earth where we can see it. There are all kinds of underground volcanic activity in Iceland that turns into geothermal activity. As a result, Iceland has a fair share of hot springs that people enjoy swimming in all year round.
Note that some of the most famous hot springs (e.g. the Blue Lagoon) were actually man-made – although the water is naturally heated. If you want to splash around in a natural hot spring, you have to venture out into the great outdoors. Check out: How to visit the Blue Lagoon in Iceland – is it worth it?
7. Iceland is one of the most environmentally friendly countries in the world
Iceland is one of the most environmentally friendly countries in the world. In a way, they achieve this low carbon footprint by default.
Iceland relies on an exceptionally small amount of fossil fuels to power its infrastructure. Hydropower and geothermal energy are obtained from volcanic activity and hot springs to be valued 85% of the nation. Read On: Mighty Icelandic Waterfalls You Must See To Believe
8. Glaciers play a role in Iceland’s unique topography
No matter where you go in Iceland, you will find how unique the topography is. Much of Iceland is characterized by frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. The third element that adds to the beautiful landscape is glacier activity!
9. Iceland is short of trees
As you can imagine, a landscape shaped by volcanoes and glaciers can be a harsh environment for natural growth. When you travel around Iceland you will find that you will not come across any forests. There are certainly trees in Iceland and the country has increased afforestation in recent decades, but there are no ancient forests.
(Bonus fact! It wasn’t just the harsh conditions that contributed to the lack of forests in Iceland. When the Vikings settled the land, it seems that they have become a bit cumbersome with their logging.)
10. Do you hate mosquitos? Go to Iceland
In most countries, being in nature means getting bitten by mosquitos. In Iceland, you don’t have to worry about these particular pests as they simply don’t have any.
Scientists believe that this shortage of mosquitoes is caused by Iceland strange weather patterns. Throughout the year Iceland experiences three cycles of freezing and thawing, making temperatures unsuitable for mosquitoes to live on.
The bad news? Iceland has sand flies, so you’ll still need to pack your bug spray.
11. The Icelandic language has hardly changed
The Icelandic language can best be compared to the Norwegian and Danish languages. However, it remains a unique and well-preserved language overall.
Most languages change over time. For example, the English of Shakespeare’s contemporaries looks and sounds different from the English we use today. The Icelandic language, on the other hand, still looks and sounds almost identical to what was spoken centuries ago.
12. Legends abound and merge with history
If you love legends and folklore, you will have great fun in Iceland. Trolls and elves are abundant in Icelandic folklore and the stories you hear are just delightful. For example, you can hear that large rock formations are frozen trolls or that some land is left undeveloped because it is home to elves.
There is some confusion about how many Icelanders really believe in elves and trolls. A survey found that many people in Iceland neither confirm nor deny their existence because there is no evidence either way – and we agree!
13. Iceland is great for adventurous eaters
Iceland is one of those rare countries where you won’t find a McDonald’s. Instead, be sure to try some of their exciting and unusual dishes!
Some things you might find on an Icelandic restaurant’s menu are puffins, fermented shark, whale, sheep’s head, and dried fish. Don’t worry, non-meat eaters! Iceland is also a great place for vegan and vegetarian food!
14. Beer is a big thing in Iceland
If you’re familiar with American history, you will know all about Prohibition (the years when alcohol was banned in America). Something similar happened in Iceland – and it took a long time.
All alcohol was illegal in Iceland between 1915 and the 1930s. Then, from the 1930s to 1989, there was wine and spirits, but beer was still not legal.
Now you can find many microbreweries in Iceland! To celebrate the legalization of beer, Iceland celebrates National Beer Day on March 1st each year.
15. Book lovers will feel right at home in Iceland
Iceland is home to a large number of published writers, in part because the written word is highly valued by almost all Icelanders! In fact, one of Iceland’s unique vacation traditions falls on Christmas Eve, when family members exchange books and spend the day reading.
If you are an avid reader, check out some of Iceland’s lovely bookstores. We also recommend planning your vacation properly so you can go to the annual Reykjavik International Literature Festival. Then head to the turtle-shaped National Library of Iceland to round out your book-themed trips!
Go beyond the facts about Iceland and see the sights firsthand
We hope that these interesting facts about Iceland have made you curious and want more! Iceland is a beautiful country that cannot be compared to any other country in the world. Why not see the sights of Iceland firsthand by making it your next major travel destination?
Here at Planet D, our goal is to make traveling easier and more enjoyable for everyone. We offer travel guides, useful tips and interesting information for planning your vacation.
Not sure where to go next? Enter any location in our destination finder and get to know it today.

Tá an Íoslainn ar cheann de na turais is fearr le dul i ngleic le eachtraí le beagnach deich mbliana. Tá turasóirí ag teacht go dtí a theorainneacha chun a thimpistí, a ghealaigh, agus a fjords móra a fheiceáil. Cé nach bhfuil an-tóir ar an Ísiltír mar a bhí, tá an t-ionsaí fós ar cheann de na 50 cinn scríbe taistil is mó tóir ar thurasóirí Mheiriceá. Tá muid cinnte go mbeidh an tír seo, a bhfuil a aimsir fuar álainn aici, ar do liosta de na háiteanna nach mór duit a fheiceáil nuair a fhoghlaimfidh tú níos mó faoi!
Tá go leor fíricí le foghlaim agus níos mó fós le grá a fháil faoi Éirinn. Cibé an bhfuil grá agat do phoilclóir, do theangacha a fhoghlaim nó do radharcra iontach, tá rud éigin ag an Ísiltír duit.
Fíricí faoi Éirinn
Ná bíodh imní ort má tá tú ag ullmhú le taisteal go dtí tír eile. Tá treoir chuimsitheach taistil in Éirinn curtha le chéile againn cheana féin chun cabhrú leat árasán saoire a aimsiú, bealaí a phleanáil agus bealach saoire a chur le chéile. Idir an dá linn, déanaimis tús le 15 fíricí fionnuar faoi Éirinn a spreagfaidh do chéad laethanta saoire eile!
1. an t-am a bhí ann. Bhí na Víicíní ag socrú in Éirinn
Maidir le tír Eorpach, meastar go bhfuil an Íoslainn réasúnta óg. Ní raibh sé go dtí na 800í go tháinig na Víicíní ón Iorua chun an méid a bhfuil a fhios againn anois mar an Íoslainn a choilíneáil. Tá cultúr na Víicingí fós le feiceáil sa teanga, san ealaín, agus fiú sa tír féin. Fíric suimiúil The Vikings sraith phlé ar an bhfíric seo an séasúr seo caite. Ba chóir duit é a fheiceáil, tá sé iontach!
2. Seachadadh. Tá an t-ainm Éireannaigh i gceist a bheith mearbhall
Cad é ceann de na chéad rudaí a rinne na Víicíní nuair a tháinig siad ar a dtír nua? Thug siad ainm dó  agus ceann a chuirfeadh iontrálaithe ionchasacha as.
B'fhéidir go raibh tú ag smaoineamh cén fáth go bhfuil na hainmneacha sin ag an Íoslainn agus ag an nGréinlainn nuair a bhíonn an Íoslainn clúdaithe i bhfógradh agus an Ghréinlainn clúdaithe i oighear. Creid é nó ná creid, rinneadh é ar an gcuspóir! Bhí a fhios ag na Víicíní go leanfadh naimhde iad agus bhí súil acu go gcuirfeadh an mearbhall seo a n-iníonanna go dtí an Ghráinéil agus go dtabharfadh sé síocháin dóibh.
3. Tá an t-am ann. Tá an chéad pharlaimint san Eoraip lonnaithe in Éirinn
Is é an tAlthing parlaimint náisiúnta na hÍoslainne agus ceann de na parlaimintí is faide a rith ar domhan. Go deimhin, is é an suíomh bunaidh den Althing an chéad suíomh parlaiminteach i stair na hEorpa.
Tá athrú tagtha ar Pharlaimint na hÍoslainne thar na blianta, go háirithe tar éis don Íoslainn a bheith aontaithe le hIorua. Mar sin féin, tá sé fós feidhmiúil inniu agus is féidir le turasóirí an áit a bhfaca siad áit a raibh ceann de na daonlathas is luaithe ann.
4. Tá an t-am Tugann an Íoslainn radharc uathúil ar an bplate teicteonach
Tá Páirc Náisiúnta Ingvellir ina bhaile don Althing, ach tá tábhacht thírdhéanach tromchúiseach aige freisin. Tá sé ar cheann de dhá áit amháin ar an bpláinéad áit ar féidir leat a fheiceáil go fisiciúil an rift idir dhá phlátaí teicteonacha. Níos cruinne, is é seo an áit ar féidir leat léargas a fháil ar phlátaí Mheiriceá Thuaidh agus na hIoruaise, áit a mbuaileann siad san Aigéan Atlantach. Léigh tuilleadh: Ag tumadh i Silfra  An Íoslainn faoi uisce
(Cá bhfuil an áit eile is féidir leat a fheiceáil ar an bhfeiniméan? Gheobhaidh tú é ar do thuras eile go hAfraice.)
5. Tá an t-am ann. Tá tonna bolcán ag an Íoslainn
Ní bhíonn claonadh againn tíortha a bhfuil aimsir fuar acu a chur i gcomhar le bolcánna, ach tá an Íoslainn lán de. Go deimhin, tá os cionn 125 bolcán ar fud na tíre in Éirinn.
Tá cuid de na bolcánna seo fós gníomhach agus d'fhéadfadh daoine eile a bheith ag teacht chun solais ag am ar bith. Tá cuid mhór d'Éirinn clúdaithe i réimsí lábha, agus bíonn easpa nua amháin ar a laghad ag an náisiún thart ar gach ceithre bliana. Léigh tuilleadh: An Íoslainn  Taithí ar thír an tine agus an oighir
6. Ceacht. Talamh fuar, foinsí te
Ní tharlaíonn gníomhaíocht bholcánacha ach os cionn na talún áit ar féidir linn é a fheiceáil. Tá gach cineál gníomhaíochta volcán faoi thalamh in Éirinn a thiocfaidh chun bheith ina ghníomhaíocht gheoiteirmeach. Mar thoradh air sin, tá sciathán mór de fhoinsí te ann a bhfuil daoine ag taitneamh a bhaint as snámh iontu ar feadh na bliana.
Tabhair faoi deara go bhfuil cuid de na foinsí te is cáiliúla (m.sh. an Lagún Gorm) a bhí déanta ag an duine i ndáiríre  cé go bhfuil an t-uisce te go nádúrtha. Más mian leat splash timpeall i earrach te nádúrtha, caithfidh tú dul amach sa tsaoirse mór. Féach: Conas cuairt a thabhairt ar an Lagún Gorm in Éirinn  an bhfuil sé fiú é?
7. Ceacht. Tá an Íoslainn ar cheann de na tíortha is cairdiúla don chomhshaol ar domhan
Tá an Íoslainn ar cheann de na tíortha is cairdiúla don chomhshaol ar domhan. Ar bhealach, déanann siad an lorg carbóin íseal seo de réir réamhshocraithe.
Tá an t-ionsaí ag an Ísland go bhfuil sé ag brath ar chainníocht eisceachtúil beag breoslaí iontaise chun a bhonneagar a chumhachtú. Bailítear fuinneamh hidrealaíoch agus geothermal ó ghníomhaíocht bholcánacha agus foinsí te chun luach 85% den náisiún a mheas. Léigh ar aghaidh: Torthaí Uisce Éireannacha Mór-mhór nach mór duit a fheiceáil chun a chreidiúint
8. Ceacht. Tá ról ag na géarchéimeanna i dtaitneamh uathúil na hIoslainne
Is cuma cá dtéann tú san Íoslainn, gheobhaidh tú amach cé chomh uathúil is atá an t-eagraíocht. Tá cuid mhór d'Éirinn tréitheithe ag crith talún agus gníomhaíocht bholcánacha go minic. Is é an tríú gné a chuireann leis an tírdhreach álainn gníomhaíocht na gleisiúir!
9. Naoi. Tá easpa crainn ar an Íoslainn
Mar is féidir leat a shamhlú, is féidir le tírdhreach a shainmhínítear le bolcán agus le giléacháin a bheith ina timpeallacht chrua d'fhás nádúrtha. Nuair a thaistealaíonn tú timpeall na hÍoslainne, gheobhaidh tú nach dtiocfaidh tú ar aon fhoraois. Is cinnte go bhfuil crainn in Éirinn agus tá an tír tar éis foraoiseacht a mhéadú le blianta beaga anuas, ach níl aon fhoraois ársa ann.
(Fíric bhuan! Ní raibh na coinníollacha crua amháin a chuir le easpa foraoisí in Éirinn. Nuair a shocraigh na Víicíní an talamh, is cosúil go bhfuil siad tar éis a bheith beagán cumbersome lena logging.)
10. Tá sé seo fíor? An fuath leat mosquitos? Téigh go hÍoslainn
I bhformhór na dtíortha, is é a bheith sa nádúr ná go ndéanann mosquitos cnagadh ort. Ní gá duit a bheith buartha faoi na plágaí áirithe seo in Éirinn, toisc nach bhfuil aon plágaí acu.
Creideann eolaithe go bhfuil an easpa mosquitoes seo mar gheall ar na patrúin aimsire aisteach in Éirinn. Le linn na bliana, bíonn trí timthriall de reo agus de thaint ar an Ísiltír, rud a fhágann nach bhfuil teochtaí oiriúnach do mosquitoes maireachtáil orthu.
An droch-scéal? Tá eitiltí gaineamh in Éirinn, mar sin beidh ort do spray bug a phacáil.
11. Céard a tharla? Ní raibh mórán athraithe ar an nGaeilge
Is féidir an Ghaeilge a chur i gcomparáid leis an nGaeilge agus leis an nGaeilge. Mar sin féin, tá sé fós ina theanga uathúil agus a chaomhnaítear go maith i gcoitinne.
Athraíonn formhór na dteangacha le himeacht ama. Mar shampla, tá cuma agus fuaimeanna na Béarla a bhí ag comhaimseartha Shakespeare difriúil ón Béarla a úsáideann muid inniu. Ar an láimh eile, tá cuma agus fuaim an Ghaeilge beagnach comhionann leis an teanga a labhraíodh séanta ó shin.
12. Tá sé seo fíor? Tá go leor finscéalta agus tá siad ag teacht le stair
Má tá grá agat do na finscéalta agus do na heolaíochtaí, beidh spraoi mór agat in Éirinn. Tá trolls agus elves go leor i dtógáil tíre na hIoslainne agus tá na scéalta a chloiseann tú díreach álainn. Mar shampla, is féidir leat a chloisteáil go bhfuil foirmiú carraig mhór trolls reoite nó go bhfuil roinnt talún fágtha neamhfhorbartha toisc go bhfuil sé ina bhaile do elves.
Tá roinnt mearbhall ann maidir le cé mhéad Éireannach a chreideann i ndíoltóirí agus i trolls i ndáiríre. Fuair suirbhé go bhfuil go leor daoine in Éirinn nach bhfuil a dhearbhú ná a shéanadh a bheith ann toisc nach bhfuil aon fhianaise ar an dá bhealach  agus aontaímid!
13. Céard a tharla? Tá an Íoslainn iontach do itheoirí eachtrannach
Tá an Íoslainn ar cheann de na tíortha seo nach bhfaighidh tú McDonalds. Ina áit sin, bí cinnte go ndéanfaidh tú iarracht ar chuid dá mhionchaillí spreagúla agus neamhghnácha!
Is iad na rudaí a gheobhaidh tú ar bhiachlár bialann na hIoslainne ná puffins, siorc fermented, baile, ceann caorach, agus iasc triomaithe. Ná bíodh imní ort, neamh-ithe feola! Is áit iontach í an Íoslainn freisin le haghaidh bia vegan agus glasraí!
14. Céard a tharla? Is mór an rud é beoir in Éirinn
Má tá tú eolach ar stair Mheiriceá, beidh a fhios agat go léir faoi an toirmisc (na blianta nuair a bhí alcól toirmiscthe i Meiriceá). Tharla rud éigin den chineál céanna in Éirinn  agus thóg sé tamall fada.
Bhí gach alcól mídhleathach in Éirinn idir 1915 agus na 1930idí. Ansin, ó na 1930idí go 1989, bhí fíon agus deochanna spioradálta ann, ach ní raibh beoir dlíthiúil fós.
Anois is féidir leat go leor micribhearnaí a fháil in Éirinn! Chun ceiliúradh a dhéanamh ar dhlíthiú na beorach, déantar Lá Náisiúnta na Beorach in Éirinn ar an 1 Márta gach bliain.
15. Ceacht. Beidh lucht grá leabhair i dteagmháil go díreach in Éirinn
Tá líon mór scríbhneoirí foilsithe in Éirinn, go páirteach toisc go bhfuil luach mór ag beagnach gach Éireannach ar an bhfocal scríofa! Go deimhin, is é ceann de thraidisiúin saoire uathúla na hÍoslainne ná an oíche roimh an Nollaig, nuair a mhalartú baill teaghlaigh leabhair agus a chaitheamh an lá ag léamh.
Má tá tú ina léitheoir díograiseach, féach ar chuid de na siopaí leabhar álainn in Éirinn. Moltar duit freisin do laethanta saoire a phleanáil go cuí ionas gur féidir leat dul chuig Féile Idirnáisiúnta Litríochta Reykjavik. Ansin téigh go dtí Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÍoslainne a bhfuil cruth turtar air chun do thurais le téamaí leabhair a chríochnú!
Ní hamháin go bhfuil an t-eisling ar eolas agat ach féach ar na radharcanna go pearsanta
Tá súil againn gur chuir na fíricí suimiúla seo faoi Éirinn fiosracht ort agus gur mhaith leat tuilleadh a fháil! Is tír álainn í an Íoslainn nach féidir a chur i gcomparáid le tír ar bith eile ar domhan. Cén fáth nach bhfaighidh tú radharcanna na hÍoslainne ar do shúil féin trína dhéanamh mar do chéad cheann scríbe turasóireachta eile?
Anseo ag Pláinéad D, is é ár gcuspóir taisteal a dhéanamh níos éasca agus níos taitneamhaí do gach duine. Cuirimid treoracha taistil, leideanna úsáideacha agus faisnéis suimiúil ar fáil chun do laethanta saoire a phleanáil.
Níl tú cinnte cá háit le dul ina dhiaidh sin? Cuir áit ar bith isteach inár bhfianaise cinn scríbe agus faigh aithne air inniu.