If you’ve only thought of traditional inground pools whenever the term “swimming” is brought up, you might be cautious of above ground pools, which seem to be relatively fragile. You would be partially correct to be skeptical of their longevity. While pools can last up to 15 years above ground in some cases, they aren’t guaranteed to last without care.
An above ground pool can break or collapse if it is not assembled properly or maintained regularly. Overfilled pools can exert pressure on the frame and cause it to collapse, whereas weakened fasteners can lead to the same result even with little water in the pool.
In this article, you will discover the five reasons why above ground pools fall apart. Most homeowners fail to notice some of these causes (like the fourth one). Moreover, you’ll find out how you can safeguard your swimming pool from these potential dangers by following a three-step strategy. Read on to learn more.
How Can an Above Ground Pool Break?
Any material thing can break given enough physical reasons not to hold up. That’s why the more practical question to ask is what can cause your above ground pool to break. Here are some of the most common reasons such pools can fall apart.
Most people believe their pool’s security lies in the integrity of the material, mainly its panels. But what they fail to realize is that water exerts pressure in all directions. If your panels aren’t held together by a strong enough frame, the pool might break even if the panels don’t.
This can cause a more devastating impact than if one of the panels started leaking. If your pool falls apart due to frame weakness, water will flow in all directions. As a result, your water filter and the electric outlet next to it can get soaked and become a hazard.
Poor Quality Material
This reason is a little more obvious. If your pool is made of poor material, you cannot expect it to last a long time, especially above ground where the exterior is exposed to the elements. You must realize that almost any material used in a standard above ground pool can be considered weak depending on the context.
If you live in a frigid climate, a resin pool will get surface-level cracks in a few months and begin leaking in under two years. But in the same climate, you might be able to build an igloo-like above ground pool with ice blocks. While that’s not practical (because of water temperature), the point simply illustrates that ice, which is not considered a strong material, can be stronger in certain situations than resin.
Now that I have established the importance of context in strength, here are some things to watch out for when you’re building an above ground pool using specific materials.
- Inflatable pools are weak against sharp objects. Avoid having such a pool in a home with pets or a backyard with live animals like squirrels.
- Wooden pools are weak against conditions with mold-inducing humidity and high-activity microbe environments. If your region is considered semi-tropical, avoid building such a pool there.
- Metal pools are less likely to break but can rust or erode if you don’t regularly seal the exterior and secure the interior liners or replace them on time.
Overfilling the Pool
Homeowners are generally advised not to fill their pools to the brim because of the water displacement caused by people entering the pool. Still, there’s another reason why filling your pool to the brim might not be such a good idea: liquid contents of the pool can cause the pool to collapse. If a pool has room for 100 gallons of water, you cannot assume that it has the strength to hold as much water.
Remember, when a pool is inground, the force of the entire earth is holding it together. When it is above ground, the “container” is relatively weaker. Think of a carton made of regular stock paper. The size of said carton would not directly imply its capacity to hold objects.
Of course, your above ground pool isn’t as fragile, but the analogy illustrates the point. Room is no indication of the ability to hold. Please read manufacturer guidelines for the specific frame to have your final answer regarding how much water your pool can hold.
Fasteners at Fault
You may have the best material and assemble it to perfection and still have your pool collapse at the most inconvenient time if you do not check up on the fasteners regularly. As mentioned above, using a lot of water can strain the structure of your pool. However, that doesn’t mean your pool will collapse the first time it is under such stress. Usually, such strain can impact the fasteners, undoing them slowly.
After repeatedly offending your pool’s water-holding capacity threshold, the fasteners may only be hanging by a threat, and something as simple as jumping in the pool could lead to your pool’s collapse.
Please keep in mind that even though water weight is the main reason fasteners get undone, it isn’t the only reason. Fasteners have their own material weaknesses: metal fasteners ruse, Alloys can dent easily, and wooden fasteners, albeit rare, can get eaten away by termite.
Hydrostatic pressure is better discussed in the inground pool literature even though it impacts above ground pools. It refers to the pressure exerted by still water on its surroundings. Since this pressure builds up with stillness, you must make sure you drain your pool during long periods of inactivity (like winters).
Filling your pool to the brim during winter can generally lead to cracked frames thanks to the expansion of ice, a phenomenon that occurs because ice occupies more volume than the water of the same quantity.
How to Keep an Above Ground Pool From Breaking
All above ground pools are temporary. They can last to varying degrees depending on the material uses; you can read my post about how long above ground pools last for reference. This section covers the steps you can take to ensure your pool has its best shot at not breaking.
Buy a Kit of Higher Capacity
If you are a family of five, purchase a kit that accommodates six people. This gives you room for more, and you don’t have to constantly worry about having overfilled your pool. More importantly, you don’t have to supervise how many people get in when you have a pool party. Err on the side of more when it comes to pool capacity.
Get Professional Assembly
When you purchase a pool kit online, many manufacturers and suppliers offer the option to get inexpensive professional installation. Regardless of how proud of a handyman you are, it is advisable to take professional installation as it prevents headaches down the road.
Conduct Regular Checkups
Whether you’re ensuring your frames’ integrity or looking at fasteners, you’re keeping your pool from falling apart by checking up on it regularly. These checks also include applying stitches in time in the form of timely replacement of parts, draining the pool to ease the pressure on frames, and even replacing certain sheets/panels when you notice erosion.
All in all, above ground pools, can last their maximum guaranteed timeframe if you avoid overfilling them and make sure you drain and replace the water in your pools semi-regularly. You should also make sure that the pool is assembled professionally and that the fasteners, as well as the frame panels, are in top shape. Timely replacement can keep your pool from collapsing at an inconvenient time. Above all, you should err on the side of higher-capacity to ensure better integrity of your pool kit’s material and structure.

Má cheap tú go raibh ach poill thraidisiúnta faoi thalamh i gcónaí nuair a luaitear an téarma "swimming", b'fhéidir go mbeadh tú cúramach faoi na poill os cionn na talún, a bhfuil an chuma orthu go bhfuil siad sách leochaileach. Bheadh sé ceart go páirteach a bheith amhrasach faoi a fad saoil. Cé gur féidir le linn snámha suas le 15 bliana a bheith acu os cionn na talún i gcásanna áirithe, níl sé ráthaithe go mairfidh siad gan cúram.
D'fhéadfadh linnte os cionn na talún briste nó titim mura ndéantar iad a chur le chéile i gceart nó a chothabháil go rialta. D'fhéadfadh brú a chur ar an mbosca agus é a chur i gcodladh, ach d'fhéadfadh an toradh céanna a bheith ar na ceangail lag fiú má bhíonn beagán uisce sa bhosca.
Sa t-alt seo, gheobhaidh tú amach na cúiseanna a mhúsclaíonn pools os cionn na talún. Ní thugann formhór na n-úinéirí tí faoi deara cuid de na cúiseanna seo (cosúil leis an gceathrú ceann). Ina theannta sin, gheobhaidh tú amach conas is féidir leat do linn snámha a chosaint ó na contúirtí féideartha seo trí straitéis trí chéim a leanúint. Lean ort ag léamh chun níos mó a fhoghlaim.
Conas is Féidir le Pól Os cionn na Talún a Bhris?
Is féidir le haon rud ábhartha a bhriseadh dá dtabharfaí cúiseanna fisiciúla go leor dó gan a bheith ag seasamh suas. Sin é an fáth go bhfuil an cheist níos praiticiúla a chur ná cad is féidir a chur faoi deara do linnte os cionn na talún a bhriseadh. Seo cuid de na cúiseanna is coitianta a d'fhéadfadh a leithéid de phollanna a thit as a chéile.
Creideann an chuid is mó daoine go bhfuil slándáil a n-uisceann ag brath ar shláine an ábhair, go príomha a chuid painéil. Ach ní thuigeann siad go bhfuil brú ag uisce i ngach treo. Mura bhfuil do phainéil i gcoimeád le chéile le fráma láidir go leor, d'fhéadfadh an linn snámha a bhriseadh fiú mura bhfuil na painéil i gcoimeád.
D'fhéadfadh sé seo tionchar níos tubaiste a chur ar bun ná má thosaíonn ceann de na painéil ag sceitheadh. Má thiteann do linn snámha as a chéile mar gheall ar lagú fráma, sruthóidh uisce i ngach treo. Mar thoradh air sin, d'fhéadfadh do scagaire uisce agus an t-aschur leictreach in aice leis a bheith fliuch agus a bheith ina riosca.
Ábhar ar Cháilíocht Dhorcha
Tá an chúis seo beagán níos soiléire. Má tá do linn snámha déanta as ábhar bocht, ní féidir leat a bheith ag súil go mairfidh sé ar feadh i bhfad, go háirithe os cionn na talún áit a bhfuil an taobh amuigh nochtaithe do na heilimintí. Ní mór duit a thuiscint go bhfuil beagnach aon ábhar a úsáidtear i caighdeán os cionn an talamh linnte is féidir a mheas lag ag brath ar an gcomhthéacs.
Má tá tú i do chónaí i gclima fríd, beidh poill resin a fháil cracks leibhéal dromchla i gceann cúpla mí agus tús le leakage i níos lú ná dhá bhliain. Ach sa chlimait chéanna, d'fhéadfá linnte talún os cionn na talún a thógáil le bloic oighir cosúil le igloo. Cé nach bhfuil sé sin praiticiúil (mar gheall ar teocht an uisce), léiríonn an pointe go simplí go bhféadfadh oighear, nach meastar ina ábhar láidir, a bheith níos láidre i gcásanna áirithe ná an fhéithín.
Anois go bhfuil tábhacht an chomhthéacs sa neart bunaithe agam, seo roinnt rudaí le faire amach nuair a bhíonn tú ag tógáil linnte os cionn na talún ag baint úsáide as ábhair shonracha.
- Tá pools inflatable lag i gcoinne rudaí géara. Seachain an t-amhrán sin a bheith agat i dteach ina bhfuil peataí nó i gcúlchúl ina bhfuil ainmhithe beo cosúil le sciatháin.
- Tá linnte adhmaid lag i gcoinne coinníollacha le taise a spreagann múnla agus timpeallachtaí micreabail ardghníomhacha. Má mheasann tú go bhfuil do réigiún leath-thrópaiceach, seachain an t-amhrán sin a thógáil ann.
- Tá sé níos lú seans ann go bristeann poill miotail ach d'fhéadfadh siad a bheith rósta nó a bheith ag dul in olcas mura ndéanann tú an taobh amuigh a shéaladh go rialta agus na línte inmheánacha a dhaingniú nó iad a athsholáthar in am.
An Phléasán a Líonadh Go Ró
De ghnáth, moltar do úinéirí tí gan a gcuid linnte a líonadh go bríomhar mar gheall ar an díláithriú uisce a bhíonn ag daoine a théann isteach sa linnte. Mar sin féin, tá cúis eile ann nach bhfuil sé chomh maith go bhfuil do linn snámha líonta go dtí an imeall: d'fhéadfadh ábhar leachtach an linn snámha a bheith ina chúis leis an linn snámha titim. Má tá seomra le haghaidh 100 galún uisce ag an loch, ní féidir leat a mheas go bhfuil an neart aige chun an oiread sin uisce a choinneáil.
Cuimhnigh, nuair a bhíonn an loch ag teacht isteach sa talamh, tá fórsa an domhain ar fad ag gabháil leis. Nuair a bhíonn sé os cionn na talún, tá an "container" réasúnta níos laige. Smaoinigh ar chárta déanta as páipéar stoic rialta. Ní bheadh méid an chártaicín sin ag ciallaíonn go díreach a chumas rudaí a shealbhú.
Ar ndóigh, níl do linnte os cionn na talún chomh leochaileach, ach léiríonn an t-amhrán an pointe. Níl seomra ar aon léiriú ar an gcumas a shealbhú. Léigh treoirlínte an mhonaróra don fráma sonrach chun do fhreagra deiridh a fháil maidir le cé mhéad uisce is féidir le do linn snámha a shealbhú.
Ceangail
D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh an t-ábhar is fearr agat agus é a chur le chéile go foirfe agus go mbeadh do linn snámha ag titim ag an am is míchuí mura ndéanann tú seiceáil ar na clócaithe go rialta. Mar a luadh thuas, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh an struchtúr do do linn snámha ag teastáil ó go leor uisce. Mar sin féin, ní chiallaíonn sé sin go dtitfidh do linn snámha an chéad uair a bhíonn sé faoi strus den sórt sin. De ghnáth, is féidir leis an straen sin dul i ngleic leis na ceangail, agus iad a dhíghlasáil go mall.
Tar éis do thréimhse acmhainneachta uisce a choinneáil i do linn snámha a shárú arís agus arís eile, b'fhéidir nach mbeidh na ceanglóirí ag crochadh ach ag bagairt, agus d'fhéadfadh rud chomh simplí le léim isteach sa linn snámha a bheith ina chúis le do linn snámha titim.
Cuimhnigh, le do thoil, cé gur é meáchan an uisce an phríomhchúis a bhaineann le ceangail a dhíghlasáil, ní hé an t-aon chúis é. Tá na laigí ábhartha féin ag na ceangail: tá na ceangail miotail ruse, is féidir le cóimhiotail dul i ngleic go héasca, agus is féidir le ceangail adhmaid, cé go bhfuil siad annamh, a ithe ag teirmit.
Déantar plé níos fearr ar an bhrú hiodrástach i litríocht an linn snámha istigh sa talamh cé go mbíonn tionchar aige ar linn snámha os cionn na talún. Tagraíonn sé don bhrú a dhéanann uisce fós ar a thimpeallacht. Ós rud é go mbunaíonn an brú seo le bheith ciúin, ní mór duit a chinntiú go ndéanann tú do linn snámha a draenáil le linn tréimhsí fada neamhghníomhachta (mar shampla i rith an gheimhridh).
De ghnáth, is féidir le do linn snámha a líonadh go dtí an imeall i rith an gheimhridh go dtiocfaidh craic ar chinneálacha mar gheall ar leathnú na oighear, feiniméan a tharlaíonn toisc go nglacann oighear níos mó toirte ná an méid céanna uisce.
Conas a Choimeádann Uisceán Os cionn na Talún ó Bhris
Tá gach linnte os cionn na talún sealadach. Is féidir leo maireachtáil go céimeanna éagsúla ag brath ar na húsáidí ábhair; is féidir leat mo phost a léamh faoi cé chomh fada is a mhaireann linn snámha os cionn na talún mar thagairt. Clúdaíonn an chuid seo na céimeanna is féidir leat a ghlacadh chun a chinntiú go bhfuil an seans is fearr agat gan do linn snámha a bhriseadh.
Ceannaigh Cás Cumas Níos Mó
Má tá tú ina theaghlach de chúigear, ceannach trealamh a bhfuil árasán aige do sé dhuine. Tugann sé seo spás duit le haghaidh níos mó, agus ní gá duit a bheith buartha i gcónaí go bhfuil tú ró-líonta i do linn snámha. Níos tábhachtaí fós, ní gá duit maoirseacht a dhéanamh ar an líon daoine a thagann isteach nuair a bhíonn páirtí linn snámha agat. Err ar an taobh níos mó nuair a thagann sé chun poill acmhainneacht.
Faigh Tionól Gairmiúil
Nuair a cheannaíonn tú trealamh linnte ar líne, cuireann go leor déantúsóirí agus soláthraithe an rogha ar fáil chun suiteáil ghairmiúil saor a fháil. Is cuma cé chomh bródúil is atá tú as fear-láimhe, moltar duit suiteáil ghairmiúil a ghlacadh mar go gcuireann sé cosc ar cheannán ar an mbóthar.
Déan Iniúchtaí Rialta
Cibé an bhfuil tú ag cinntiú go bhfuil do chreat sláintiúil nó ag féachaint ar na ceangaltóirí, tá tú ag coinneáil do linn snámha ó thitim as a chéile trína sheiceáil go rialta. Áirítear leis na seiceálacha seo freisin na sciatháin a chur i bhfeidhm in am i bhfoirm páirteanna a athsholáthar in am, an linn a dhíol chun an brú ar fhrámaí a mhaolú, agus fiú bileoga / painéil áirithe a athsholáthar nuair a thugann tú faoi deara creimeadh.
Ar an iomlán, is féidir le linn snámha os cionn na talún a gcuid tréimhse ama ráthaithe uasta a mhaireachtáil má sheachain tú iad a iomarca agus má chinntíonn tú go ndéantar an t-uisce i do linn snámha a scriosadh agus a athsholáthar go leath-rialta. Ba cheart duit a chinntiú freisin go bhfuil an linn snámha curtha le chéile go gairmiúil agus go bhfuil na ceangail, chomh maith leis na painéil fráma, i gcruth barr. Má athraíonn tú an t-uisce i gceart, is féidir leat a choinneáil ar do linn snámha ó chraoladh ag am míchuí. Ar an gcéad dul síos, ba cheart duit a bheith ag smaoineamh ar an gcumas níos airde chun sláine níos fearr a chinntiú do chuid ábhair agus struchtúr do chlé.


08 Apr Can a Philadelphia Chiropractor Help with a Pinched Nerve?
Suffering from a pinched nerve may sound like a minor injury, but anyone who has ever been through it knows how debilitating pinched nerves can be. Unfortunately, many people with a pinched nerve believe there is nothing they can do about the injury. They think they must simply wait it out and hope it eventually resolves on its own. In the meantime, one small turn of the neck can send them into agony.
What is a Pinched Nerve?
A pinched nerve is also sometimes called a compressed nerve because the nerve is under a great amount of pressure. It has become compressed by an adjacent bone or soft tissue such as ligaments and muscles pushing up against it. This can cause significant pain, but pinched nerves do not always cause discomfort. In some cases, the affected area is simply weak or numb.
Bundles of nerves run throughout the entire human body, meaning you could suffer from a pinched nerve anywhere. However, the two most common locations are in the lower back and the neck. There are reasons these parts of the body are more prone to pinched nerves than others.
The lower back is the main support for most parts of the body. It supports and distributes a person’s entire weight, which causes things to compress. As it does, that compression sometimes results in something pushing against a nerve.
The neck is also susceptible to pinched nerves due to the fact that it supports the head. The head is much heavier than the neck and it moves constantly. With each movement, it places even more pressure on the neck, which can cause nerves to become compressed.
Common Causes of Pinched Nerves
There are some common causes of pinched nerves. As a person ages, normal wear and tear occurs along the spine, which could cause some nerves to become compressed. In addition to this though, there are several conditions and factors that also cause pinched nerves. The most common of these include:
- Herniated discs
- Poor posture
- Repetitive movements, particularly bending or twisting
- Sitting for extended periods of time, often seen with work injuries
- Injuries such as tennis elbow
- Bone spurs
- Scar tissue
Sometimes simple lifestyle choices such as correcting posture can help with a pinched nerve. Other times, such as when the underlying condition is arthritis or a tumor, patients will need to see someone who can treat the condition, which will often also treat the pinched nerve.
Symptoms of Pinched Nerves
Many people suffering from a pinched nerve will know it right away. They will turn their head slightly and a sharp, shooting pain will erupt in their neck. Pinched nerves, though, are not always so obvious. Other symptoms may present themselves that may not always automatically indicate a pinched nerve. The most common symptoms are:
- Burning or tingling sensation at the site of the pinched nerve
- A feeling of “pins and needles” in the area
- Lower back pain
- Neck pain
- Pain that intensifies with exercise
- Pain at night
- Pain when waking up
- Weakness in the muscles
- Tenderness and/or swelling in the area
- Loss of dexterity or reflexes
- Limited range of motion
Anyone suffering from any of these symptoms should speak to a Philadelphia chiropractor right away.
Can a Chiropractor Help with a Pinched Nerve?
The most common remedies for pinched nerves are typically painkilling medication and as a last resort, surgery. Chiropractors focus on safe and non-invasive treatments, though, and generally do not prescribe medication. Due to this, many think chiropractors cannot help with a pinched nerve. This, however, is simply not true.
If you are suffering from a pinched nerve, a chiropractor will examine your back looking for any vertebrae that are out of alignment. These are called subluxations when they occur. This is a common cause of pinched nerves because when the vertebrae are out of alignment, it can place pressure on the surrounding nerves.
If a chiropractor finds any of these subluxations, he or she will prescribe a number of treatments that could help. The first of these is often a spinal adjustment.
During a spinal adjustment a chiropractor will use the hands or a small device to apply firm yet gentle force to the vertebrae that are not properly aligned. This positions the spine correctly and places the vertebrae back into proper position, releasing the compression of the nerve.
When muscles or other soft tissues are to blame for the pinched nerve, a Philadelphia chiropractor may also recommend massage therapy. This can help relax the connective tissue within the muscles. A massage can also help relax the entire body and prevent pinched nerves from occurring in the future.
In addition to this type of physical therapy, a chiropractor will make recommendations that can help you prevent pinched nerves from occurring in the future. These recommendations could include a change in the diet, getting more exercise, or even reducing exercise and giving the body a chance to recover. The recommendations made will vary depending on the circumstances that led to the pinched nerve in the first place.
Many chiropractors will offer all of these services, while others may work in a facility that has nutrition and massage therapy specialists on staff. Either working with a team or visiting a chiropractor for one-on-one treatment, chiropractic care is a great way to treat pinched nerves.
Are You Suffering from a Pinched Nerve? A Philadelphia Chiropractor Can Help
If you are suffering from a pinched nerve, there is a good chance that you are in a great deal of pain or are suffering from a limited range of motion. Do ot suffer like this for another minute. Visit a chiropractor in Philadelphia and learn how they can help.
At the Injury Care Center, we will provide a full assessment to determine the cause of your pinched nerve. Then we will recommend a course of treatment that will reduce the compression and get you back to feeling like yourself again as soon as possible. Call us today at 866-237-0088 or fill out our online form and we will be in touch soon.

08 Aibreán An féidir le Chiropractor Philadelphia Cuidiú le Nerve Pinched?
D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh sé cosúil go bhfuil an t-eagrán beag, ach tá a fhios ag aon duine a bhí riamh ag fulaingt ó nerves pinched cé chomh lag is féidir a bheith. Ar an drochuair, creideann go leor daoine a bhfuil nerve pinched nach féidir leo aon rud a dhéanamh faoin gcion. Síleann siad gur chóir dóibh fanacht go dtí go mbeidh sé críochnaithe agus go mbeidh súil acu go dtiocfaidh sé chun cinn ina dhiaidh sin. Idir an dá linn, is féidir le casadh beag na muineál iad a chur i ngéarchéim.
Cad é Nerve Pinched?
Uaireanta tugtar nerve comhbhrúite ar nerve pinched mar gheall go bhfuil an nerve faoi bhrú mór. Tá sé brúite ag cnámh nó fíochán bog in aice láimhe mar ligaments agus matáin ag brú suas ina choinne. Is féidir le seo pian suntasach a chur ar bun, ach ní bhíonn míchompord i gcónaí ag na néaróg a chúnadh. I gcásanna áirithe, ní bhíonn an limistéar a bhfuil an galar air ach lag nó numb.
Tá baillí néaróg ag rith ar fud an chomhlachta daonna ar fad, rud a chiallaíonn go bhféadfadh tú fhulaingt ó néaróg pinched áit ar bith. Mar sin féin, is iad an dá shuíomh is coitianta sa chúl íseal agus sa mhuineál. Tá cúiseanna ann go bhfuil na codanna seo den chorp níos so-ghabhálach do néaróga a chúnadh ná mar a bhíonn ag daoine eile.
Is é an cúl íochtarach an príomh-chomhpháirt le haghaidh formhór na gcodanna den chorp. Tacaíonn sé le meáchan iomlán an duine agus déanann sé é a dháileadh, rud a fhágann go gcuirtear rudaí le chéile. De réir mar a dhéanann sé, bíonn rud éigin ag brú ar nerve mar thoradh ar an gcuibhneáil sin uaireanta.
Tá an muineál so-ghabhálach freisin do néaróg a chúnadh mar gheall ar an bhfíric go dtacaíonn sé leis an gceann. Tá an ceann i bhfad níos troime ná an muineál agus bogann sé go leanúnach. Le gach gluaiseacht, cuireann sé níos mó brú ar an muineál, rud a d'fhéadfadh go gcuirfeadh sé brú ar na néaróga.
Cúiseanna Coitianta a bhaineann le Neart Pinched
Tá roinnt cúiseanna coitianta ann a bhaineann le néaróga a chúnadh. De réir mar a théann duine in aois, bíonn caitheamh agus déirce gnáth ag tarlú ar feadh an chnámha, rud a d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh brú ar roinnt néaróg. Ina theannta sin, tá roinnt coinníollacha agus fachtóirí ann a chuireann nerves pinched freisin. I measc na ngnáth-ghnéithe seo tá:
- Fócas díosaithe
- droch-stán
- Gluaiseachtaí athfhillteacha, go háirithe cur síos nó casadh
- Suíochán ar feadh tréimhsí fada, a fheictear go minic le gortú oibre
- Gortú mar chléabóg liathróid
- Spurs cnámh
- Fíochán scar
Uaireanta is féidir le roghanna simplí stíl mhaireachtála mar cheartú posture cabhrú le néaróg pinched. Uaireanta eile, mar shampla nuair is é an riocht bunúsach arthritis nó tumóir, beidh ar othair duine a fheiceann an riocht a chóireáil a fheiceáil, rud a dhéanfaidh an nerve pinched a chóireáil go minic freisin.
Comharthaí na nIarbháin Pingin
Beidh a fhios ag go leor daoine a bhfuil nerve pinched acu é láithreach. Beidh siad a n-aghaidh a casadh a n-aird beagán agus a géar, shooting pian beidh erupt i a n-a muineál. Ní bhíonn na néaróga pinched, áfach, chomh soiléir sin i gcónaí. D'fhéadfadh comharthaí eile a bheith ann nach d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina léargas go huathoibríoch ar nerve pinched. Is iad na comharthaí is coitianta:
- Briseadh nó tinteann sa suíomh an nerve pinched
- mothú " pionta agus snáthaidí " sa cheantar
- Píobáil i lár an chúlra
- Píobáil
- Píobáil a fhéadaíonn le cleachtadh
- Píobáil san oíche
- Píoc nuair a dhúisíonn tú
- Laghdú na matáin
- Teachtaireacht agus/ nó tuirse sa cheantar
- Caillteanas saill nó athshláinithe
- Réim theoranta gluaiseachta
Ba chóir do dhuine ar bith a bhfuil aon cheann de na hairíonna seo aige labhairt le cairopraictóir Philadelphia láithreach.
An féidir le Chiropractor Cabhair a thabhairt le Nerve Pinched?
Is iad na leigheasanna is coitianta le haghaidh néaróg pinched de ghnáth cógais painkiller agus mar rogha deireanach, máinliacht. Díríonn chiropractors ar chóireálacha sábháilte agus neamh-inbhéartacha, áfach, agus ní chuireann siad cógais i gcoitinne. Mar gheall air seo, is dóigh le go leor nach féidir le chiropractors cabhrú le néaróg pinched. Ach ní fíor é seo.
Má tá tú ag fulaingt ó néaróg pinched, scrúdóidh chiropractor do chúl ag lorg aon vertebrae nach bhfuil ar ailíniú. Tugtar subluxations orthu seo nuair a tharlaíonn siad. Is cúis choitianta í seo le néaróg phriontaithe toisc nuair nach bhfuil na vertebrae in ailíniú, is féidir leis brú a chur ar na néaróga timpeall.
Má fhaigheann an chiropractor aon cheann de na subluxations seo, cuirfidh sé nó sí roinnt cóireálacha a d'fhéadfadh cabhrú. Is minic gurb é an chéad cheann díobh seo coigeartú spine.
Le linn coigeartú spine úsáidfidh an chiropractor a lámha nó feiste beag chun fórsa daingean ach éadrom a chur i bhfeidhm ar na vertebraí nach bhfuil ailínithe i gceart. Cuireann sé seo an cnámh cnámh go ceart agus cuireann sé na vertebrae ar ais sa phost cheart, ag scaoileadh brú an nerve.
Nuair a bhíonn na matáin nó fíocháin bhoga eile mar chúis leis an néaróg a chúnadh, féadfaidh an chiropractor Philadelphia cóireáil massage a mholadh freisin. Is féidir leis seo cabhrú leis an fíochán nasctha laistigh de na matáin a scíth a ligean. Is féidir le massage cabhrú leis an gcorp iomlán a scíth a ligean agus cosc a chur ar néaróga a bheith i gcroí sa todhchaí.
Chomh maith leis an gcineál fisiceolaí seo, tabharfaidh an chiropractor moltaí a chabhróidh leat na néaróga a chur i gcló a sheachaint sa todhchaí. D'fhéadfadh na moltaí seo a bheith ina measc athrú ar an aiste bia, níos mó aclaíochta a fháil, nó fiú níos lú aclaíochta a dhéanamh agus deis a thabhairt don chorp a ghnóthú. Beidh na moltaí a dhéantar éagsúil ag brath ar na cúinsí a thug an nerve pinched sa chéad áit.
Beidh go leor chiropractors a thairiscint go léir na seirbhísí seo, agus d'fhéadfadh daoine eile a bheith ag obair i saoráid a bhfuil cothaithe agus massage teiripe speisialtóirí ar an bhfoireann. Cibé an bhfuil tú ag obair le foireann nó ag tabhairt cuairte ar cheiropractaí le haghaidh cóireála duine ar dhuine, is bealach iontach é cúram cheiropractach chun néaróga pinched a chóireáil.
An bhfuil tú ag fulaingt ó Nerve Pinched? Is Féidir le Chiropractor Philadelphia Cuidiú
Má tá tú ag fulaingt ó nerve pinched, tá seans maith ann go bhfuil tú i mórchuid pian nó go bhfuil tú ag fulaingt ó raon teoranta gluaiseachta. Ní mór duit a bheith ag fulaingt mar seo le haghaidh nóiméad eile. Tabhair cuairt ar chiropractor i Philadelphia agus foghlaim conas is féidir leo cabhrú.
Ag an Lárionad Cúraim Injury, beidh muid a chur ar fáil measúnú iomlán a chinneadh an chúis do nerve pinched. Ansin molfaimid cúrsa cóireála a laghdóidh an brú agus a chuirfidh tú ar ais mar tú féin a luaithe is féidir. Glaoigh orainn inniu ag 866-237-0088 nó líon ár bhfoirm ar líne agus beidh muid i dteagmháil go luath.


Low-Voltage Fault Protection
|© Nov 17, 2003, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
Abstract: This application note discusses the need for overvoltage protection in switches and muxes that connect to the rest of the system. The MAX4711/MAX4712/MAX4713 analog switches operate from 2.7V to 11V with integrated fault protection.
Other methods of fault protection are discussed, along with their advantages and disadvantages.
The standard supply voltages for today's systems (unipolar 3.3V or 5V, or bipolar ±3.3V or ±5V) are usually the highest voltages available on a board. The board's input terminals may be exposed to voltages higher than the supply voltages. When power to the board is off, voltages may remain at the input terminals. The first element to be affected by overvoltage is often a multiplexer or a switch, so they must protect downstream circuitry.
The pass element in an analog switch contains one or more MOSFETs and has parasitic clamping diodes to the supply voltages for ESD protection. Figure 1 shows the equivalent circuit diagram for a closed analog switch. As long as V+ and V- are present and no input voltage exceeds those rails by the forward bias voltage of the clamping diodes (typically 0.6V), the diodes are reverse-biased and no current flows through them.
Figure 1. Equivalent circuit diagram for a closed switch.
Because improper supply-voltage sequencing can cause an overvoltage fault, many switches require that the most positive voltage be applied first and the most negative last. An input voltage with supplies off or an input voltage that exceeds a supply voltage causes current to flow through the clamping diodes. Those diodes can handle only a couple of milliwatts (depending on the IC's semiconductor process) before heat due to power dissipation damages the switch permanently.
Lower current levels can cause latchup-a condition in which the switch malfunctions and draws excessive current from the supplies. In most cases you can end the latchup without harming the switch by removing all voltages from the switch, but the board will not operate properly until you do.
A simple approach for protecting analog switches against latchup (Figure 2) adds high-current Schottky diodes, which have low forward-bias voltages of 0.3V maximum. If input voltage exceeds the supply voltage, the low Schottky voltage ensures that no current can flow through the clamp diodes, whose typical forward-bias voltage is 0.6V.
Figure 2. Latchup protection with external Schottky diodes.
The resulting latchup-free circuit has a downside (beyond the extra cost of two protection diodes). The Schottky diodes pass every voltage at least 0.3V higher than the supply voltage. That behavior is not a problem if the supply voltages are absent (V+ and V- at ground level) and the input voltage remains below the absolute-maximum rating for every part connected to V+ and V-.
But, the circuit provides no protection against overvoltage. If, for example, V+ = 5V and a fault voltage on the switch input is 8V, then V+ is pulled to approximately 7.7V—too high for most digital parts connected to V+. Even if V+ powers only the switch and the switch withstands the fault, high voltage may pass through the closed switch and damage downstream parts. Multiple-input switches require a Schottky diode from every input to V+, adding even more cost and board space.
The Figure 3 circuit provides good overvoltage protection for applications in which the input voltages are always off when supply voltages to the switch are absent. The forward-bias voltage VD (for a regular silicon diode) is typically 0.7V, so the zener voltage Vz1 must be selected to meet VD + Vz1 < V+. The same is true for the negative rail and Vz2: |VD + Vz2| < |V-|. Maximum voltage ratings for the diodes (zener and standard silicon types) must be chosen according to the maximum possible fault voltage.
Figure 3. Overvoltage protection with external diodes.
For a continuous-overvoltage fault (rather than a spike), a resistor placed between ground and the zener-diode connection limits current through that diode. The biggest disadvantage of such protection is a limitation on the input-voltage range of the switch. Because diodes differ greatly in bias voltage, min/max limits for the diode network can also vary greatly. When the network is dimensioned for a worst-case limit, the diode current can flow at a voltage much lower than the supply voltages, thereby eliminating the switch's rail-to-rail characteristic.
Resistors (kΩ-range) in series with the input channels can also give some protection by limiting the fault current that flows through the clamping diodes in a switch. Overvoltage can still damage parts downstream of the switch, however. The resistor dramatically increases on-resistance for the switch. Any variation of that resistance over temperature can corrupt the signal, as can leakage current from the switch flowing through the augmented on-resistance.
The first approach in integrating fault protection with an analog switch was for a certain type of multiplexer whose pass element consists of three MOSFETs in series, in the order n-channel/p-channel/n-channel. That architecture protects every signal path up to ±100V (Figure 4). The multiplexer's on-resistance, which increases rapidly for input voltages above the supply voltage, protects itself (and parts before and behind the multiplexer) by limiting the input current. Limiting the fault current prevents the fault from coupling into another channel.
Figure 4. On-resistance vs. signal voltage for an older fault-protected switch.
The series-MOSFET approach also gives protection for the case in which no supply is present. Older parts like the MAX388 or HI-509A, on the other hand, operate only in the range ±4.5 to ±18V, come in large packages, have high on-resistance (minimum 350Ω, up to 3.5kΩ), and cannot pass input-signal voltages unless they are ~2V below the supply voltage.
The first step in addressing these problems for devices operating in the range 9V to 36V or ±4.5 to ±20V was the development of a new switch architecture, similar to the one described below as low-voltage fault protection. The new approach marks a major advance over the three-FETs-in-series technique by allowing rail-to-rail operation and lower on-resistance. Internal circuitry turns off the switch when it detects a fault, thereby preventing the fault from passing through the switch or mux to other circuitry.
Because only leakage currents flow into the switch or mux during a fault condition, the chip cannot be destroyed by power dissipation. Like their 3-FET predecessors, switches and multiplexers built with this new process and architecture eliminate fault problems when power is off by reverting to a high-impedance state. Such parts (including the MAX4511 switch and MAX4508 multiplexer families) are suitable for high-voltage systems requiring fault protection to ±40V, but not for common 3V and 5V systems. The parts mentioned are not specified for that voltage range, and their RDS(ON) with a 5V supply would be measured in thousands of ohms.
Low-voltage fault protection
Members of the newest fault-protected switch family are optimized for operation with a unipolar 3.3V or 5V supply, or with bipolar ±3.3V or ±5V supplies. They require no external protection, and they feature a low maximum on-resistance of 30Ω (±5V supply) or 100Ω (+3V supply).
As shown in Figure 5, these switches comprise an n-channel FET (N1) in parallel with a p-channel FET (P1), forming a low-value resistance from input to output. Input signals within the supply rails or that exceed the rails by no more than 150mV pass through the switch to the COM terminal, thereby allowing rail-to-rail operation.
Figure 5. Block diagram of a low-voltage fault protected switch.
Two comparators monitor the input voltages by comparing them continuously with the supply voltages V+ and V-. When a signal on NO (normally open) or NC (normally closed) is between V+ and V-, the switch acts normally. When it exceeds the supply rails by about 150mV (a fault condition), the output voltage (COM) is limited to the supply voltage—at the same polarity and with the inputs at high impedance. That action is implemented by the fault comparators, which turn off N1 and P1. They also control the clamping FETs N2 and P2 as follows: if the switch is closed preceding a negative fault, N2 connects COM to V-. If closed preceding a positive fault, P2 connects COM to V+. If the switch is open preceding the fault, the output assumes a high impedance.
During a fault, the inputs assume a high impedance regardless of the switch state or load resistance. The maximum fault voltage on the inputs is limited by the absolute maximum ratings of the switches, which for the MAX4711 family is ±12V. If (for example) a MAX4711 device has a +5V supply, it is protected against fault voltages up to +12V on the positive rail and -7V on the negative rail (5V +|-7V| = 12V). The device provides fault protection for the input pins (NO and NC) when supply voltage is absent, and the protection is even better when off. For that condition, the fault voltage can approach ±12V for either rail.
The logic inputs (IN) are protected for positive faults up to (V-)+12V, but negative faults can exceed the negative supply by only a diode drop. The output terminal (COM) is not fault-protected, and (as described above) the COM voltage should not exceed either supply voltage by more then 0.3V.
Figure 6 displays the output voltage for a closed, fault-protected switch during input faults of both polarities. Typically, 200ns after the input voltage exceeds V+ (or V-) by approximately 150mV, the output (COM) equals the positive (or negative) supply voltage minus a drop voltage due to the FET. When the input fault returns within the supply rails, a delay of 700ns (typical) elapses before the output recovers and resumes following the input. That delay depends on the COM output's resistance and capacitance, and does not depend on the fault amplitude. Higher resistance and capacitance at COM increases the recovery time.
Figure 6. Input vs. output voltage during a fault condition.
Besides the obvious use of low-voltage, fault-protected switches in protecting the analog inputs of ATE and industrial equipment, those devices can ease the design effort and space requirements in many other applications as well.
To avoid powering down a rack of equipment, for example, many applications require the capability to insert an extension board into a live backplane. Though hot-swap controllers like the MAX4271 are available to limit a card's inrush current, its signal lines are not easily protected. If, for example, you insert the card into a backplane whose databus communicates via 5V TTL, the digital ICs (microcontrollers, ASICs, etc.) see 5V at their inputs before a supply voltage is applied. As mentioned earlier, that condition can cause latchup or damage the board.
Low-voltage, fault-protected switches between sensitive parts and the backplane connection (Figure 7) give the required over-voltage protection. The switches maintain their COM outputs in a high-impedance state until the card's supply voltage comes up and closes the switch connection to the backplane. The switch's protected (NO) inputs face the backplane, giving ±12V protection while power is off, and also protecting the card against overvoltage from the backplane when supply voltage is present. Note that the popular logic-bus switches from various vendors do not provide this sort of protection. They provide a higher allowable value for latch-up current than do standard CMOS parts, but they do not withstand continuous overvoltage.
Figure 7. Hot-swapping backplane signals.
The low-voltage fault-protected switch in Figure 8 switches off the internal supply via a 9V battery (or two lithium coin cells in series, etc.) when it detects an external supply such as a wallcube (PS). Normally, the switch is supplied by the battery at pin 13. A low-voltage Schottky diode protects the non-rechargeable battery from being charged when an external supply is connected.
Figure 8. Battery switch off when external power supply is present.
A switch at pin 10 extracts VCC, which in most applications is conditioned by a voltage regulator after the switch. As soon as the board detects an external supply voltage, a microcontroller closes switches 1 and 4 and opens switch 3. The output capacitor C provides system power during the transition from switch 3 to switch 4. To protect the battery from damage, switch 3 must always be open when switch 4 is closed. When the external supply is removed, switches 4 and 1 open and switch 3 closes. Fault-protected inputs protect the switch when the external supply is higher than the battery voltage, when the battery is discharged and an external supply is connected, or when C is charged and the battery is removed.
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APP 2854: Nov 17, 2003
APPLICATION NOTE 2854,

Cosc ar Fadhbanna Leibhéal-Voltaigh
 17 Samhain, 2003, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
Gearrthóg: Déileálann an nóta iarratais seo leis an ngá le cosaint róbholtais i lascainí agus i mucsí a nascann leis an gcuid eile den chóras. Oibríonn na lascainí analógach MAX4711/MAX4712/MAX4713 ó 2.7V go 11V le cosaint bhréagán comhtháite.
Pléitear modhanna eile cosanta locht, chomh maith lena gcuid buntáistí agus míbhuntáistí.
Is iad na voltais soláthair caighdeánacha do chórais an lae inniu (unipoláireach 3.3V nó 5V, nó débhléite ±3.3V nó ±5V) de ghnáth na voltais is airde atá ar fáil ar bhord. Féadfaidh críochfoirt ionchuir an bhoird a bheith nochtaithe do voltais níos airde ná voltais an tsoláthair. Nuair a bhíonn an chumhacht don bhord as feidhm, d'fhéadfadh voltais a bheith fós ag na críochfoirt ionchuir. Is minic gurb é an chéad eilimint a mbíonn tionchar ag ró-bholtaíocht air multiplexer nó lasc, mar sin ní mór dóibh ciorcad thíos an tsrutha a chosaint.
Tá MOSFET amháin nó níos mó ar an eilimint pas i lascaine analógach agus tá díodanna clampála paraisíteacha aige do voltais soláthair chun cosaint ESD a bhaint amach. Léiríonn figiúr 1 an sceideal ciorcad coibhéiseach le haghaidh lasc analógach dúnta. Chomh fada agus a bhíonn V + agus V - i láthair agus gan aon voltas ionchuir a sháraíonn na rianta sin ag voltas claontaithe ar aghaidh na dtioidí clampála (de ghnáth 0.6V), tá na diodaí claontaithe ar ais agus ní shruthaíonn aon sruth trína.
Figiúr 1. Scéim chiorcaid chomhionann le haghaidh lasc dúnta.
Toisc gur féidir le seicheamh míchuí soláthair-voltais earráid ró-voltais a chur faoi deara, éilíonn go leor lascainí go gcuirfear an voltas is dearfacha i bhfeidhm ar dtús agus an voltas is diúltach ar deireadh. Tá an t-easnamh ionchuir le soláthairtí as feidhm nó voltas ionchuir a sháraíonn voltas soláthair ag cur sruth trí na diodanna clampála. Ní féidir leis na déodóirí sin ach cúpla milliwatt a láimhseáil (ag brath ar phróiseas leathsheoltóra an IC) sula ndéanann teas mar gheall ar scaipeadh cumhachta damáiste buan don lasc.
Is féidir le leibhéil reatha níos ísle latchup a chur i gcrích - coinníoll ina n-oibríonn an lasc go míchuí agus a thógann iomarca reatha ó na soláthairtí. I bhformhór na gcásanna is féidir leat deireadh a chur leis an latchup gan dochar a dhéanamh don lascaine trí gach voltas a bhaint ón lascaine, ach ní oibreoidh an bord i gceart go dtí go ndéanfaidh tú é.
Is é an cur chuige simplí chun lascainí analógach a chosaint i gcoinne latchup (Figiúr 2) diodaí Schottky ard-sreabhta a chur leis, a bhfuil voltais íseal claonta tosaigh de 0.3V ar a mhéad acu. Má théann voltas ionchuir thar voltas an tsoláthair, cinntíonn voltas íseal Schottky nach féidir aon sruth a shruthú trí na díod clamp, a bhfuil a voltas claontaithe tosaigh tipiciúil 0.6V.
Figiúr 2. Cosc latchup le diodaí Schottky seachtracha.
Tá drochthionchar ag an gcoróin gan latchup mar thoradh air (seachas costas breise dhá dhíod cosanta). Tá na díodanna Schottky ag dul trí gach voltas atá 0.3V ar a laghad níos airde ná an voltas soláthair. Ní fadhb é an iompar sin má tá na voltais soláthair as láthair (V + agus V- ag leibhéal na talún) agus má fhanann an voltas ionchuir faoi bhun an rátála uasta abhlóide do gach cuid atá ceangailte le V + agus V-.
Ach, ní sholáthraíonn an ciorcad aon chosaint i gcoinne ró-bholtais. Má, mar shampla, V + = 5V agus tá voltas locht ar ionchur an lascaine 8V, ansin tarraingítear V + go dtí thart ar 7.7V  ró-ard don chuid is mó de na codanna digiteacha atá ceangailte le V +. Fiú má chuireann V + cumhachtaí ar an lasc amháin agus má sheasann an lasc leis an bhfadhb, d'fhéadfadh voltas ard dul tríd an lasc dúnta agus damáiste a dhéanamh do chodanna thíos an sruth. Éilíonn lascainí il-ionchuir diód Schottky ó gach ionchur go V +, ag cur níos mó costais agus spáis boird leis.
Soláthraíonn an ciorcad atá i bhfigiúr 3 cosaint ró-bholtais maith d'iarratais ina bhfuil na voltais ionchuir ar shiúl i gcónaí nuair nach bhfuil voltais soláthair ar an lasc ann. Is é an voltas claontaithe ar aghaidh VD (le haghaidh diod sileacain rialta) de ghnáth 0.7V, mar sin ní mór voltas zener Vz1 a roghnú chun freastal ar VD + Vz1 < V+. Tá an rud céanna fíor don rian diúltach agus Vz2: █VD + Vz2 Ní mór uasmhéideanna voltais ainmnithe do na déodáin (de chineálacha sileacain Zener agus caighdeánacha) a roghnú de réir an voltais mhó féideartha locht.
Figiúr 3. Cosc ar ró-bholtaíocht le díodanna seachtracha.
I gcás locht ró-bholtais leanúnach (seachas spike), cuirtear friotaire idir an talamh agus nasc an díod Zener chun teorainn a chur le sruth tríd an díod sin. Is é an míbhuntáiste is mó a bhaineann le cosaint den sórt sin ná teorainn ar raon voltais ionchuir an lascaine. Ós rud é go bhfuil difríocht mhór idir díodanna i voltas claontachta, is féidir teorainneacha mín / uas a bheith éagsúil go mór freisin do líonra an díod. Nuair a dhéantar an líonra a dhíchóimeáil le haghaidh teorainn is measa, is féidir leis an sruth díod a shreabhadh ag voltas i bhfad níos ísle ná voltais an tsoláthair, rud a fhágann nach bhfuil an t-aistriú ag feidhmiú ar bhealach rialla-le-rail.
Is féidir le friotairí (gnáth-réim kΩ) i sraith leis na cainéil ionchuir roinnt cosaint a thabhairt freisin trí theorainn locht a shrianadh a shreabhann trí na diodaí clampála i lasc. Is féidir le róbholtacht damáiste a dhéanamh do chodanna thíos an lascaine, áfach. Méadaíonn an friotaire go suntasach an friotaíocht ar an lasc. Is féidir le haon athrú ar an friotaíocht sin thar an teocht an comhartha a chontúirt, mar is féidir le sruth sceitheadh ón lasc a shruthálann tríd an friotaíocht ardaithe.
Ba é an chéad chur chuige chun cosaint locht a chomhtháthú le lasc analógach do chineál áirithe multiplexer a bhfuil a eilimint pasanna comhdhéanta de thrí MOSFET i sraith, san ord n-canail / p-canail / n-canail. Cosnaíonn an t-ailtireacht sin gach cosán comhartha suas le ± 100V (Figiúr 4). Déantar an multiplexer a chosaint ar an friotaíocht ar an gcineál, a mhéadaíonn go tapa le haghaidh voltais ionchuir os cionn voltais an tsoláthair, é féin (agus codanna roimh agus taobh thiar den multiplexer) trí shrian a chur ar an sruth ionchuir. Cuirtear teorainn leis an sruth locht chun cosc a chur ar an locht dul i ngleic le cainéal eile.
Figiúr 4. Teannas comhartha i gcomparáid le friotaíocht ar aghaidh le haghaidh lasc níos sine atá cosanta ó bhfadhb.
Tugann an cur chuige sraith-MOSFET cosaint freisin don chás nach bhfuil aon soláthar i láthair. Ní oibríonn codanna níos sine cosúil leis an MAX388 nó HI-509A, ar an láimh eile, ach amháin sa raon ± 4.5 go ± 18V, tagann siad i bpacáistí móra, tá friotaíocht ard acu (ar a laghad 350Ω, suas go 3.5kΩ), agus ní féidir leo voltais ionchuir-sinail a rith mura bhfuil ~ 2V thíos leis an voltas soláthair.
Is é an chéad chéim chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar na fadhbanna seo d'fheistí a oibríonn sa raon 9V go 36V nó ± 4.5 go ± 20V ná ailtireacht nua lascaine a fhorbairt, cosúil leis an gceann a thuairiscítear thíos mar chosaint locht ísealbholtaíochta. Is mór an dul chun cinn atá sa chur chuige nua i gcomparáid leis an teicníc trí FETs i sraith trína gceadaíonn sé oibriú i rianta agus friotaíocht níos ísle. Dúnann an chiorcaid inmheánach an lasc nuair a bhrathann sé locht, agus ar an gcaoi sin cuirtear cosc ar an locht dul tríd an lasc nó mux go ciorcaid eile.
Toisc nach sreabhann ach sruthanna sceite isteach sa lasc nó sa mux le linn staid locht, ní féidir an sliseanna a scriosadh trí dhíspreagadh cumhachta. Cosúil lena réamhtheachtaí 3-FET, cuireann lascainí agus ilfhillteoirí a tógadh leis an bpróiseas agus an ailtireacht nua seo fadhbanna locht a dhíchur nuair a bhíonn an chumhacht as feidhm trí fhilleadh ar ais go stát ard-chosain. Tá na codanna sin (lena n-áirítear an t-aistriú MAX4511 agus na teaghlaigh ilfhillte MAX4508) oiriúnach do chórais ardvoltais a éilíonn cosaint locht go ±40V, ach ní do chórais choitianta 3V agus 5V. Ní shonraítear na codanna a luaitear don raon voltais sin, agus déanfar a gcuid RDS ((ON)) le soláthar 5V a thomhas i mílte ohm.
Cosaint locht ísealbholtaíochta
Tá baill den teaghlach lascainí is nuaí atá cosanta ó bhfadhb oiriúnach le hoibriú le soláthar 3.3V nó 5V aonphólach, nó le soláthairtí ±3.3V nó ±5V déphólach. Ní gá iad a chosaint ó thaobh seachtrach, agus tá frithsheasmhacht ardaithe íseal 30Ω (soláthar ± 5V) nó 100Ω (+ soláthar 3V) acu.
Mar a léirítear i bhfigiúr 5, tá FET n-canala (N1) i measc na n-scagairí seo i gcomhthráth le FET p-canala (P1), ag cruthú friotaíocht ísealluach ó ionchur go aschur. Tá an t-aistriú ag an gcnaipe COM, agus tá an t-aistriú ag an gcnaipe COM, agus tá an t-aistriú ag an gcnaipe COM.
Figiúr 5. Diagram bloc de lasc a chosaint ar bhfadhb ísealbholtaigh.
Déantar an t-uimhir a choigeartú trí dhá chomparáidóir trína gcomparáid leanúnach a dhéanamh idir na voltais ionchuir V+ agus V-. Nuair a bhíonn comhartha ar NO (go rialta oscailte) nó NC (go rialta dúnta) idir V+ agus V-, oibríonn an lasc go rialta. Nuair a sháraíonn sé na rianta soláthair thart ar 150mV (coinníoll locht), tá an voltas aschuir (COM) teoranta don voltas soláthair ag an polaireacht chéanna agus leis na hionchuir ag impedance ard. Déantar an gníomh sin a chur i bhfeidhm ag na comparálaithe lochtanna, a dhúnann N1 agus P1. Rialaíonn siad na FETanna clampála N2 agus P2 freisin mar a leanas: má dhúntar an lasc roimh locht diúltach, nascann N2 COM le V-. Má dhúntar roimh locht dearfach, nascann P2 COM le V+. Má tá an lasc oscailte roimh an bhfadhb, glacann an aschur le hiompar ard.
Le linn locht, glacann na hionchuir le hiompráid ard is cuma cén stát a bhfuil an casadh nó an friotaíocht ualaigh ann. Tá an voltas locht uasta ar na hionchuir teoranta ag uasmhéideanna ainmnithe na n-aistritheoirí, a bhfuil ±12V acu don teaghlach MAX4711. Má tá soláthar +5V ag feiste MAX4711 (mar shampla), tá sé cosanta i gcoinne voltais locht suas go +12V ar an rian dearfach agus -7V ar an rian diúltach (5V + 720V/12V = 12V). Soláthraíonn an gléas cosaint locht do na pionta ionchuir (NO agus NC) nuair a bhíonn voltas soláthair as láthair, agus tá an cosaint níos fearr fós nuair a bhíonn sé as feidhm. I gcás na coinníoll sin, is féidir leis an voltas locht a bheith thart ar ±12V do gach píolótach.
Tá na hionchuir loighciúil (IN) cosanta do mhíbhuntáistí dearfacha suas go dtí (V-) + 12V, ach ní féidir le míbhuntáistí diúltacha an soláthar diúltach a shárú ach ag titim díod. Ní dhéantar an chríochfort aschuir (COM) a chosaint ó bhfadhb, agus (mar a thuairiscítear thuas) níor cheart go mbeadh an voltas COM níos mó ná 0.3V ná an voltas soláthair.
Léiríonn figiúr 6 an voltas aschuir le haghaidh lasc dúnta, cosanta ó bhfadhb le linn bhfadhb ionchuir de dhá pholarachta. De ghnáth, 200ns tar éis an voltas ionchuir níos mó ná V + (nó V-) faoi thart ar 150mV, is ionann an aschur (COM) agus an voltas soláthair dearfach (nó diúltach) mín voltas titim mar gheall ar an FET. Nuair a thagann an locht ionchuir ar ais laistigh de na rianta soláthair, téann moill de 700ns (de ghnáth) roimh an aschur a ghnóthú agus a atógáil tar éis an ionchuir. Braitheann an moille sin ar fhriotaíocht agus ar chumhachtas aschuir COM, agus ní bhíonn sé ag brath ar an luas faillí. Méadaíonn an t-am athshlánaithe ag COM mar gheall ar an bhfreastalacht agus an chumhacht níos airde.
Figiúr 6. Voltas ionchuir i gcoinne voltas aschuir le linn coinníoll locht.
Chomh maith leis an úsáid follasach a bhaineann le lascainí ísealbholtachta, atá cosanta ó bhfadhb, chun ionchuir analógach ATE agus trealaimh thionsclaíoch a chosaint, is féidir leis na feistí sin an iarracht dearaidh agus na riachtanais spáis a mhaolú i go leor feidhmchlár eile freisin.
Chun go seachnófar go gcuirfí raca trealaimh as, mar shampla, éilíonn go leor feidhmchláir an cumas bord síneadh a chur isteach i bpláinéad beo. Cé go bhfuil rialtóirí hot-swap cosúil leis an MAX4271 ar fáil chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar an sruth ionraic cárta, ní féidir a línte comhartha a chosaint go héasca. Má chuireann tú an cárta isteach i gcúlphláinéid, mar shampla, a bhfuil a bhus sonraí ag cumarsáid trí 5V TTL, na ICanna digiteacha (micreastóir, ASICanna, srl.) 5V ag a n-ionchur sula gcuirtear voltas soláthair i bhfeidhm. Mar a luadh roimhe seo, d'fhéadfadh an staid sin a bheith ina chúis le latchup nó damáiste a dhéanamh don bhord.
Soláthraíonn lascainí ísealbholtaíochta, atá cosanta ó bhfadhb idir codanna íogair agus nasc an chúlchláir (Figiúr 7) an chosaint róbholtais is gá. Coinníonn na haiscí COM a n-aschur i riocht ard-chosain go dtí go dtagann voltas soláthair an chárta suas agus go dúnann sé nasc an athsholáthair leis an gcúlphláin. Tá ionchuir faoi chosaint (NO) an lascainí os comhair an chúlchláir, ag tabhairt cosaint ±12V agus an chumhacht as, agus ag cosaint an chárta freisin i gcoinne rófholdála ón chúlchláir nuair a bhíonn voltas soláthair i láthair. Tabhair faoi deara nach soláthraíonn na haistriúcháin lóige-bhus tóir ó sholáthraithe éagsúla an cineál cosanta seo. Soláthraíonn siad luach incheadaithe níos airde le haghaidh sruth glactha ná mar a dhéanann páirteanna caighdeánacha CMOS, ach ní sheasann siad le róbholtaíocht leanúnach.
Figiúr 7. Comharthaí backplane hot-swap.
Is é an t-aistriú ísealbholtaíochta cosanta locht sa phictiúr 8 an t-earraí inmheánacha a dhúnadh trí charbad 9V (nó dhá chill airgid litiam i sraith, etc.) nuair a bhrathann sé soláthar seachtrach amhail wallcube (PS). De ghnáth, soláthraítear an lascaine ag pin 13 an lascaine. Cosnaíonn díod Schottky íseal-bholtais an ceallraí neamh-athluchtaithe ó bheith á mhuirearú nuair a bhíonn soláthar seachtrach ceangailte.
Figiúr 8. Athraigh an t-aistriú ó chúlra go cúlra.
Tarraingíonn lasc ag pin 10 VCC, a choigeartú i bhformhór na n-iarratais ag rialtóir voltais tar éis an lasca. A luaithe a bhraitheann an bord voltas soláthair sheachtrach, déanann micreastóir lascainí 1 agus 4 a dhúnadh agus lascainí 3 a oscailt. Soláthraíonn an chumhdaitheoir aschuir C cumhacht an chórais le linn an aistrithe ó lasc 3 go lasc 4. Chun an cadhnraí a chosaint ó damáiste, ní mór go mbeadh an lasc 3 ar oscailt i gcónaí nuair a bhíonn an lasc 4 dúnta. Nuair a scoitear an soláthar seachtrach, osclaítear lascainí 4 agus 1 agus dúntar lascainí 3. Cosnaíonn ionchuir atá cosanta ó bhfadhb an lasc nuair a bhíonn an soláthar seachtrach níos airde ná voltas an charbóin, nuair a bhíonn an charbóin dí-scaoilte agus soláthar seachtrach ceangailte, nó nuair a bhíonn C gearradh agus an charbóin a bhaint.
Tá an t-ábhar ar an leathanach gréasáin seo faoi chosaint ag dlíthe cóipchirt na Stát Aontaithe agus tíortha eachtracha. I gcás iarratais ar an ábhar seo a chóipeáil, déan teagmháil linn.
APP 2854: 17 Samhain, 2003
Nóta IARGHAIMNÍ 2854,


LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panels are common in today's technologically advanced society. LCDs are used in a wide variety of devices, including digital signage, smartphones, and computer monitors. Knowing the dependability of these screens is essential to maintain uninterrupted performance and reduce expensive downtime, whether you're a consumer enjoying your home entertainment or a company owner depending on digital displays for your operations. Here, MTBF, or Mean Time Between Failures, becomes an important measure to take into account in regard to LCDs and how to calculate it.
Mean Time Between Failures, or MTBF, is a critical measure that is employed in numerous sectors to assess the anticipated lifespan and durability of electronic components or systems. It simply indicates the typical interval between product failures throughout the course of its operating life, enabling us to rate a device's dependability and robustness.
The MTBF number for LCD panels is crucial to knowing both its expected lifespan and the likelihood of experiencing failures within a specific time range. A higher MTBF value denotes a longer anticipated lifespan and a lower probability of failure. A lower MTBF, on the other hand, denotes a shorter lifespan and greater vulnerability to failure. Fundamental to assuring LCDs' uninterrupted performance in a variety of applications, from consumer electronics to industrial control panels, is the proper determination of their MTBF.
The MTBF of LCDs can be considerably impacted by a number of factors. The caliber of the materials employed in their production is crucial. Longer MTBF values are typically produced by LCDs built with premium components and precise manufacturing techniques. A further crucial component is the LCD's operating environment. In order to make accurate MTBF forecasts, it is crucial to evaluate the operational circumstances of the LCD. Screens that are subjected to high levels of humidity, temperature, or physical stress are more prone to failure.
An LCD's design and construction quality are very important. Displays with strong internal structures and good design are typically more long-lasting. The MTBF of an LCD can also be considerably impacted by how it is utilized. Continuous use, frequent power cycling, and high-impact usage can all hasten wear and tear and possibly shorten the MTBF values. Last but not least, the quality of the LCDs is frequently reflected in the reputation of the maker. LCDs with higher MTBF ratings are more likely to be offered by reputable manufacturers with a track record of providing durable displays.
Although determining the MTBF of an LCD might be challenging, there are several approaches that can be used to provide a precise prediction. One popular strategy is analyzing historical performance data of LCDs used in comparable circumstances. You can determine the average MTBF number by keeping track of the lengths of time between failures for each LCD.
Accelerated life testing is another technique that simulates long-term usage in a shorter amount of time by subjecting LCDs to heightened stress conditions, such as greater temperatures and voltages. Calculating MTBF values under typical operating settings is possible by extrapolating from failure monitoring during these tests. As an alternative, gathering information from LCDs that are already in use can offer useful information. You can determine the MTBF values particular to your LCDs and their actual operating circumstances by keeping note of failures and operational hours.
To calculate MTBF, reliability engineers frequently use mathematical models like the Weibull distribution. In order to provide precise forecasts, these models consider failure data, environmental variables, and stress levels. Additionally, manufacturers could offer MTBF figures based on internal quality assurance and testing procedures. For a thorough evaluation, it is essential to compare these values to actual usage patterns and environmental factors.
Knowing an LCD's MTBF is essential for ensuring its dependability and endurance in a variety of applications. A more reliable display will have a higher MTBF number, while a lower MTBF may require more regular maintenance or replacements. Considerations for determining an LCD's MTBF include component quality, operating environment, design, usage patterns, and the reputation of the manufacturer. To determine an accurate MTBF number, use techniques including historical data analysis, accelerated life testing, field data gathering, reliability modeling, and cross-referencing manufacturer information. When choosing displays for their unique demands, consumers and companies can save time and costs while assuring uninterrupted performance by thoroughly comprehending and evaluating the MTBF of LCD screens. At Focus LCDs, we have the expertise you need to determine what MTBF your application needs and the best LCD solution.

Tá painéil LCD (LCD) coitianta sa tsochaí ardteicneolaíochta atá ann inniu. Úsáidtear LCDanna i réimse leathan feistí, lena n-áirítear comharthaíocht dhigiteach, fóin chliste, agus monatóirí ríomhaire. Tá sé ríthábhachtach go bhfuil na scáileáin seo iontaofa chun feidhmíocht gan bhriseadh a choinneáil agus am lasmuigh daor a laghdú, cibé an tomhaltóir tú ag baint taitneamh as do siamsaíocht baile nó úinéir cuideachta ag brath ar thaispeántais dhigiteacha le haghaidh do chuid oibríochtaí. Anseo, is é MTBF, nó Mean Time Between Failures, tomhas tábhachtach le cur san áireamh maidir le LCDanna agus conas é a ríomh.
Is tomhas ríthábhachtach é Mean Time Between Failures, nó MTBF, a úsáidtear i go leor earnálacha chun saolré agus marthanacht ionchasach comhpháirteanna nó córais leictreonacha a mheas. Léiríonn sé ach an t-am tipiciúil idir thorthaí táirge le linn a shaolré oibriúcháin, rud a chuireann ar ár gcumas measúnú a dhéanamh ar iontaofacht agus ar neart feiste.
Tá uimhir MTBF do phainéil LCD ríthábhachtach chun a shaolré ionchasach agus an dóchúlacht go mbeidh earráidí ann laistigh de raon ama ar leith a fhios. Is féidir le luach MTBF níos airde a léiriú go bhfuil saolré níos faide ag súil leis agus go bhfuil dóchúlacht níos ísle go mbeidh teip ann. Ar an láimh eile, léiríonn MTBF níos ísle saolré níos giorra agus leochaileacht níos mó i leith teip. Tá sé ríthábhachtach a MTBF a chinneadh i gceart chun feidhmíocht gan bhriseadh LCDanna a chinntiú i bhfeidhmchlár éagsúla, ó leictreonaic tomhaltóra go painéil rialaithe tionsclaíocha.
Is féidir tionchar suntasach a bheith ag roinnt fachtóirí ar MTBF LCDanna. Tá cáilíocht na n-ábhar a úsáidtear ina dtáirgeadh ríthábhachtach. Is gnách go ndéantar luachanna MTBF níos faide ag LCDanna a tógadh le comhpháirteanna préimhe agus teicnící déantúsaíochta beacht. Is comhpháirt ríthábhachtach eile é timpeallacht oibriúcháin an LCD. Chun réamhaisnéisí cruinne MTBF a dhéanamh, tá sé ríthábhachtach coinníollacha oibriúcháin an LCD a mheas. Tá scáileáin atá faoi réir leibhéil arda taise, teocht, nó strus fisiciúil níos mó seans maith go ndéanfaidh siad botún.
Tá dearadh agus cáilíocht tógála LCD an-tábhachtach. Tá taispeántais a bhfuil struchtúr inmheánach láidir agus dearadh maith acu de ghnáth níos buan. Is féidir tionchar suntasach a bheith ag MTBF LCD freisin ar an gcaoi a n-úsáidtear é. Is féidir le húsáid leanúnach, rothaíocht chumhachta go minic, agus úsáid ard-éifeachta go léir caitheamh agus scoilt a luathachadh agus na luachanna MTBF a ghearrú. Ar deireadh ach ní ar a laghad, is minic a léirítear cáilíocht na dtaispeántais LCD i dtuairim an mhonaróra. Is dóichí go mbeidh LCDanna a bhfuil rátálacha MTBF níos airde acu ar fáil ag monaróirí dea-cháilithe a bhfuil taifead acu ar thaispeántais marthanacha a sholáthar.
Cé go bhféadfadh sé a bheith dúshlánach MTBF LCD a chinneadh, tá roinnt cur chuige ann ar féidir iad a úsáid chun réamhaisnéis chruinn a sholáthar. Is straitéis coitianta é sonraí feidhmíochta stairiúla LCDanna a úsáidtear i gcúinsí inchomparáide a anailísiú. Is féidir leat an meán-uimhir MTBF a chinneadh trí shlí a choinneáil ar na tréimhsí ama idir teipeanna do gach LCD.
Is teicníc eile é tástáil saoil luathaithe a dhéanann samhail ar úsáid fhadtéarmach i méid níos giorra ama trí LCDanna a chur faoi réir coinníollacha strus méadaithe, mar shampla teochtaí agus voltais níos airde. Is féidir luachanna MTBF a ríomh faoi shocruithe oibríochta tipiciúla trí bhreiseán a dhéanamh as monatóireacht ar mhainneachtain le linn na dtástálacha seo. Mar rogha eile, is féidir faisnéis úsáideach a sholáthar trí fhaisnéis a bhailiú ó scáileáin LCD atá in úsáid cheana féin. Is féidir leat luachanna MTBF a chinneadh atá sonrach do do LCDanna agus a dtimpeallachtaí oibriúcháin iarbhír trí nóta a choinneáil de na héagóidí agus de na huaireanta oibriúcháin.
Chun MTBF a ríomh, is minic a úsáideann innealtóirí iontaofachta samhlacha matamaiticiúla cosúil le dáileadh Weibull. Chun réamhaisnéisí beacht a sholáthar, déantar sonraí easpa, athróg timpeallachta agus leibhéil strus a mheas sna samhlacha seo. Ina theannta sin, d'fhéadfadh monaróirí figiúirí MTBF a thairiscint bunaithe ar nósanna imeachta inmheánacha um chinntiú cáilíochta agus tástála. Chun meastóireacht chuimsitheach a dhéanamh, tá sé riachtanach na luachanna seo a chur i gcomparáid le patrúin úsáide iarbhír agus le tosca comhshaoil.
Tá sé ríthábhachtach MTBF LCD a fhios a bheith agat chun a iontaofacht agus a sheasmhacht i bhfeidhmchlár éagsúla a chinntiú. Beidh uimhir MTBF níos airde ag taispeáint níos iontaofa, agus d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh gá le cothabháil nó athsholáthar níos rialta ag MTBF níos ísle. I measc na gcúinsí a chuirtear san áireamh chun MTBF LCD a chinneadh tá cáilíocht chomhpháirteanna, timpeallacht oibriúcháin, dearadh, patrúin úsáide, agus clú an mhonaróra. Chun uimhir cruinn MTBF a chinneadh, bain úsáid as teicnící lena n-áirítear anailís ar shonraí stairiúla, tástáil saoil luathaithe, bailiú sonraí allamuigh, samhlaíocht iontaofachta, agus faisnéis an mhonaróra a thras-thárthaí. Nuair a bhíonn taispeántais á roghnú acu dá n-éileamh uathúil, is féidir le tomhaltóirí agus le cuideachtaí am agus costais a shábháil agus feidhmíocht gan bhriseadh a chinntiú trí MTBF scáileáin LCD a thuiscint agus a mheas go críochnúil. Ag LCDanna fócas, tá an saineolas is gá agat chun a chinneadh cad é MTBF do iarratas ag teastáil agus an réiteach LCD is fearr.


He’s just beginning to realize he’s a little different. He has always loved reading, so I’ve begun to use books to help him find comfort in this world.
The content is gentle and focused on the comforting fact that a picture book can help put little people a bit more at ease in the world. We also love that it starts with The Story of Ferdinand; one of us had a beloved doggie named after the gentle Spanish bull.
Writer Nicole Lamy’s response is reprinted below (original is here). We’ve added hyperlinks to the books she mentions.
A HUGE thank you to those who have already stopped by. Responses are already helping us figure out what we’ll be working on next, how to bring you more of what’s been helpful, and what you might like to see that we haven’t done quite yet.
We are also about to begin a project preserving stories from educators in this national moment. If you’d like to talk with us, anonymously or otherwise, about how things are for you and your students, right here and now, we’d love to hear from you. (And you can indicate that on our survey.)
We are looking for 40 Bay Area English, science, social studies or VAPA educators who teach grades 8-12 to pilot a new project starting this summer and continuing into fall of 2017.
The project will feature curriculum, media-making resources and professional development for teachers to support students in investigating questions and creating media about their findings. Using an online publishing platform, students will be able to work with peers both in their own classroom and other classrooms in a safe space where they can seek authentic feedback, support and inspiration. Students will access this platform through their teacher (similar to Google Classroom), and student work will not be visible to anyone not participating in the project.
Head on over to the link above to read more and apply. Get moving–applications close 3/24!
This teaching guide includes a lesson plan originally published as “Smithsonian in Your Classroom.” It introduces students to the work of botanists and botanical illustrators, specifically their race to make records of endangered plant species around the world. The students try their own hands at botanical illustration, following the methods of a Smithsonian artist. Also included here are additional resources on the topic, a one-hour webinar and a website.
Here are a few things that we’ve encountered lately that would be great additions to the classroom, whether during Black History Month or at any other time of the year.
The National Museum of African American History & Culture has an interactive online feature, Collection Stories, curated by NMAAHC staff. Staff members choose an area of focus based on items in the museum’s collection. The resulting stories include images of the items, historical discussion, and thoughts from the curator on why these stories are so important to African American history and culture.
We especially enjoyed “Dress for the Occasion,” a story centered around the dress that Carlotta Walls wore when she integrated Little Rock Central High School in 1957 as one of the Little Rock Nine. Check it out get a glimpse of the school, her diploma, and the process behind choosing the dress that she wore for that first day of school.
From Smithsonian Education, we’d like to highlight two sets of lesson plans. Both include material appropriate for kindergarteners all the way through high school, available for download as zip files.
The Art and Life of William H. Johnson includes detailed information on how the curriculum meets Visual Art, History, and Language Arts standards. Younger students analyze color choices, subject matter, and older students conduct comparative analysis with works from other artists (including this post’s header image, by Allan Rohan Crite).
Finally, The Blues and Langston Hughes does just what you’d think: compares the poetry of Langston Hughes with blues rhythms, structures, and lyrics that most students are probably already familiar with, whether they know it or not. Younger students write their own simple poems; older students dig into the Smithsonian Folkways’ collection of blues recordings from The Great Migration.
And speaking of Smithsonian Folkways…we have one more recommendation after all. Check out Say It Loud for hours from their collection of African American Spoken Word recordings, whether from Langston Hughes himself, an interview with W.E.B. Du Bois, or a recording of Angela Davis.

Tá sé ag tosú ag tabhairt faoi deara go bhfuil sé beagán difriúil. Bhí grá aige i gcónaí le léamh, mar sin tá mé ag tosú le leabhair a úsáid chun cabhrú leis troid a fháil sa domhan seo.
Tá an t-ábhar milis agus dírithe ar an bhfíric chothrach gur féidir le leabhar pictiúr cabhrú le daoine beaga a chur beagán níos éasca sa domhan. Is breá linn freisin go dtosaíonn sé le The Story of Ferdinand; bhí madra grámhar ag duine againn dar ainm an t-eireaball suaimhneach Spáinneach.
Tá freagra an scríbhneora Nicole Lamy á athscríobh thíos (tá an bunaidh anseo). Chuir muid hipearnascóidí leis na leabhair a luaigh sí.
MÓIR buíochas mór dóibh siúd a tháinig cheana féin. Tá freagraí ag cabhrú linn cheana féin a fháil amach cad a bheidh á dhéanamh againn sa chéad cheann eile, conas níos mó a thabhairt duit de na rudaí a bhí cabhrach, agus cad a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ag teastáil uait a fheiceáil nach ndearna muid go fóill.
Tá muid ar tí tionscadal a thosú freisin chun scéalta ó oideachasóirí a chaomhnú sa nóiméad náisiúnta seo. Más mian leat labhairt linn, gan ainm nó ar shlí eile, faoi conas a bhfuil rudaí agat féin agus do dhaltaí, anseo agus anois, ba mhaith linn éisteacht leat. (Agus is féidir leat é sin a chur in iúl ar ár suirbhé.)
Tá 40 oideachasóir Béarla, eolaíochta, staidéir shóisialta nó VAPA á lorg againn i gCrios na mBá a mhúineann gráid 8-12 chun tionscadal nua a philoitéireacht a thosóidh an samhradh seo agus a leanfaidh go titim 2017.
Beidh cúrsaí teagaisc, acmhainní a bhaineann le meáin a dhéanamh agus forbairt ghairmiúil ag an tionscadal do mhúinteoirí chun tacú le mic léinn ceisteanna a fhiosrú agus meáin a chruthú faoi a gcuid torthaí. Ag baint úsáide as ardán foilsitheoireachta ar líne, beidh na mic léinn in ann oibriú le comhiannaithe ina seomra ranga féin agus i seomraí ranga eile i spás sábháilte ina bhféadfaidh siad aiseolas, tacaíocht agus inspioráid fhíor a lorg. Beidh rochtain ag mic léinn ar an ardán seo trína múinteoirí (ar nós Google Classroom), agus ní bheidh obair na mac léinn le feiceáil ag aon duine nach bhfuil rannpháirteach sa tionscadal.
Téigh ar aghaidh chuig an nasc thuas chun tuilleadh a léamh agus iarratas a dhéanamh. Faigh ag bogadh! Tá na hiarratais dúnta 24/3!
Cuimsíonn an treoir teagaisc seo plean ceachta a foilsíodh ar dtús mar Smithsonian in Your Classroom. Cuireann sé mic léinn i dteagmháil le saothar na mbotánaí agus na léargaithe bótainéireachta, go sonrach a gcúrsa chun taifid a dhéanamh ar speicis phlandaí atá i mbaol ar fud an domhain. Déanann na mic léinn iarracht a lámha féin a dhéanamh ar léargas luibheolaíoch, ag leanúint modhanna ealaíontóra Smithsonian. Tá acmhainní breise ar an ábhar, webinar uair an chloig agus suíomh Gréasáin san áireamh anseo freisin.
Seo cúpla rud a fuair muid le déanaí a bheadh ina bhreiseáin mhóra don seomra ranga, cibé acu le linn Mí Stair an Duine Dubh nó ag am ar bith eile den bhliain.
Tá gné idirghníomhach ar líne ag an Músaem Náisiúnta um Stair agus Cultúr Mheiriceá Afracach, Stair Bhailiúcháin, a choimeádann foireann NMAAHC. Roghnaíonn baill foirne réimse fócas bunaithe ar earraí i mbailiúchán an mhúsaeim. I measc na scéalta a thagann as seo tá íomhánna de na míreanna, plé stairiúil, agus smaointe ón gcúirteoir ar an gcúis go bhfuil na scéalta seo chomh tábhachtach do stair agus do chultúr Mheiriceá Afracach.
Bhaineamar taitneamh go háirithe as  Dress for the Occasion,  scéal atá dírithe ar an gúna a chaith Carlotta Walls nuair a chomhtháthaigh sí Little Rock Central High School i 1957 mar cheann de na Little Rock Nine. Seiceáil amach é a fháil léargas ar an scoil, a dioplóma, agus an próiseas taobh thiar de roghnú an gúna a bhí sí ag caitheamh don chéad lá ar scoil.
Ó Oideachas Smithsonian, ba mhaith linn dhá sheata de phleananna ceachta a chur i bhfios. Tá ábhar oiriúnach do pháistí óige go dtí an scoil ard ar fáil le híoslódáil mar chomhaid zip.
Áirítear i nAcht agus Saol William H. Johnson faisnéis mhionsonraithe ar an gcaoi a gcomhlíonann an curaclam caighdeáin Ealaíne Amhairc, Stair, agus Ealaíon Teanga. Déanann mic léinn níos óige anailís ar roghanna dathanna, ábhar, agus déanann mic léinn níos sine anailís choibhéiseach le hoibreacha ó ealaíontóirí eile (lena n-áirítear íomhá ceannteideal an phoist seo, le Allan Rohan Crite).
Ar deireadh, The Blues and Langston Hughes déanann sé díreach an rud a cheapfá: comparáid a dhéanamh idir filíocht Langston Hughes agus rithimí, struchtúir agus liricí an bhluasa a bhfuil an chuid is mó de na mic léinn eolach orthu cheana féin, cibé acu a bhfuil a fhios acu nó nach bhfuil. Scríobhann mic léinn níos óige a gcuid dánta simplí féin; scaipeann mic léinn níos sine isteach i mbailiúchán Smithsonian Folkways de thaifeadtaí bleasa ó The Great Migration.
Agus ag caint faoi Smithsonian Folkways... tá moladh amháin eile againn tar éis an tsaoil. Seiceáil amach a rá sé ard ar feadh uaireanta óna mbailiúchán de na Meiriceánaigh Afracacha a labhair Word taifid, cibé acu ó Langston Hughes féin, agallamh le W.E.B. Du Bois, nó taifeadadh de Angela Davis.


Gold is classified as a precious metal. The combination of gold’s relative scarcity and its evident beauty has made it an intrinsically valuable commodity throughout the history of humanity. It is most probably the oldest precious metal known to man. Wars have been fought over it and countless numbers have died trying to gain it or protect it.
|Previous Element: Platinum
Next Element: Mercury
|Phase at Room Temp.||solid|
|Melting Point (K)||1337.63|
|Boiling Point (K)||3081|
|Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol)||12.678|
|Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol)||343|
|Heat of Atomization (kJ/mol)||366|
|Thermal Conductivity (J/m sec K)||318|
|Electrical Conductivity (1/mohm cm)||446.4|
|Source||Gold bearing rock (misc)|
|Number of Isotopes||54 (1 natural)|
|Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)||222.752|
|First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)||890.1|
|Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)||1980|
|Third Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)||---|
|Atomic Volume (cm3/mol)||10.2|
|Ionic Radius2- (pm)||---|
|Ionic Radius1- (pm)||---|
|Atomic Radius (pm)||144|
|Ionic Radius1+ (pm)||151|
|Ionic Radius2+ (pm)||---|
|Ionic Radius3+ (pm)||99|
|Common Oxidation Numbers||+3|
|Other Oxid. Numbers||-1, +1, +2, +5|
|In Earth's Crust (mg/kg)||4.0x10-3|
|In Earth's Ocean (mg/L)||4.0x10-6|
|In Human Body (%)||0%|
|Regulatory / Health|
|OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)||No limts|
|OSHA PEL Vacated 1989||No limts|
|NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit||No limits|
Mineral Information Institute
Jefferson Accelerator Laboratory
Scientifically speaking, gold is an element, a metal, with an atomic number 79. Its physical and chemical properties make it ideal for a number of applications. It is very stable and as a result seldomly combines with other elements. In other words, it does not corrode or rust. It conducts electricity efficiently (only silver being a better conductor of electricity). It conducts heat very well. Gold is very malleable which means it can be hammered into shapes. Gold is so malleable that it can be hammered into a sheet so thin that light can pass through it. It is also ductile, which means it can be drawn into long, thin wires: a wire thread approximately 50 miles long can be drawn from a single troy ounce of gold (31.1 grams). It is also one of the densest metals: one cubic foot of gold weighs over 1200 pounds.
Gold’s chemical symbol is Au. It comes from the Latin word aurum which means shining dawn, a reference to its bright yellow color and shiny luster. The English word gold has its origins in Middle English.
Gold is found in two major types of deposits. Lode deposits are deposits where gold is found in cracks and veins in rocks. These are also called vein deposits. The second type of gold deposit is called a placer deposit. Placer deposits, common in the Sierra Nevada of California, are formed by moving water that has eroded gold out of lode deposits. When the speed of the water in a river slows sufficiently, the heavy gold falls to the bottom and accumulates in the sand of the riverbed. A third major source of gold is as a by-product of copper and silver mining. Gold is so valuable that it is worth the effort to recover even minute amounts from copper and silver ore.
It is estimated that the total amount of gold yet to be retrieved from the Earth is 100,000 tons. South Africa is the world’s largest producer of gold and is estimated to have half of these gold resources. Both the United States and Brazil have significant amounts of the world’s gold resources. Approximately one-fifth of the total resources of gold in the world is by-product from copper and silver ores.
In the United States, Alaska and Nevada are the main producers of gold. Nevada produces the majority of the gold produced in all of the United States. The remaining are from placer deposits in Alaska, and other gold deposits in western states. Most of the gold recovered in the United States is recovered by only about 30 mines. The largest gold mines in the United States today are located in northern Nevada.
Brazil and Canada export significant amounts of gold to the United States.
Most gold is used to make jewelry and other art items. Because it is chemically stable and conducts electricity so well, it is very important in electronics. Electronic applications represent a significant amount of the United States’ annual gold consumption, followed by dentistry and a variety of other applications.
Gold has been very important as the standard for currency. In 1792, the United States Congress established gold and silver as the standard for the nation’s money. The U.S. Department of the Treasury holds a major stockpile of gold.
Substitutes and Alternative Sources
Palladium, platinum and silver have been substituted for gold. Alloys (mixtures) of gold and other base metals are extensively used in jewelry and electronics to reduce the amount of gold used while assuring the positive features for which gold is desired.
Traditional mining of lode and placer deposits and by-product production of gold from copper and silver mining will continue to be the main sources of gold. There is gold in seawater, but recovering this gold is unlikely to ever be profitable. Recycling gold from used electronics will provide only a very small amount of gold, though some do find this venture profitable.

Déantar ór a aicmiú mar mhiotail luachmhar. Tá an teaglaim idir ganntanas réasúnta óir agus a áilleacht shoiléir tar éis é a dhéanamh ina earra luachmhar go bunúsach i rith stair an chine daonna. Is dócha gurb é an miotail luachmhar is sine ar a dtugtar don duine é. Tá cogaí déanta as a son agus tá líon neamhtheoranta daoine tar éis bás a fháil ag iarraidh é a fháil nó é a chosaint.
Eileamh roimhe seo: Platanam
Eileamh: Mearcair
Tá an chéim ag Teochta Seomra.
Píobáid Leá (K) 1337.63
Is é an pointe boiling (K) 3081
Teas Comhcheangail (kJ/mol) 12.678
Teas an Fuachtála (kJ/mol)
Teas Atomization (kJ/mol)
Teas-sheoltacht (J/m sec K)
 Seoltacht Leictreach (1/mohm cm) 446.4

│Isontaigh Isotóp ││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││
 Affinity leictreon (kJ / mol)  222.752
 An Chéad Fuinneamh Iónúcháin (kJ/mol)  890.1
 An Dara Fuinneamh Iónúcháin (kJ/mol)
 An Tríú Fuinneamh Iónúcháin (kJ/mol)
 Tomhas Adamhach (cm3/mol)  10.2
Ionic Radius2- (PM) tá sé - - Tá sé
 ionic Radius1- (PM)
 Radia Atomic (pm)
 Ionic Radius1+ (pm)
 Ionic Radius2+ (PM)
 Ionic Radius3+ (pm)
 Comhlachtaí Oicsídeacha Coiteann
Ócsaid eile. Uimhreacha
Sa Chróit Talún (mg/kg)
Sa Mhuir na Talún (mg/L)
In Human Body (%)
☐ Rialála / Sláinte
Ní bheidh teorainn ar bith ag an OSHA maidir le teorainn in-nochtaithe in-cheadaithe (PEL)
Osha PEL Vacated 1989 Cad atá le déanamh Ní limts cad atá le déanamh
Nílimid ag iarraidh a bheith ag súil le haon rud a bheith ag tarlú i do shaol.
Institiúid Faisnéise Mionraí
Saotharlann Luasghéarú Jefferson
Go heolaíoch, is eilimint, miotail, é óir, a bhfuil uimhir adamhach 79 aige. Tá sé oiriúnach le haghaidh roinnt feidhmchláir de bharr a airíonna fisiciúla agus ceimiceacha. Tá sé an-chobhsaí agus dá bharr sin is annamh a chomhcheanglaíonn sé le heilimintí eile. I bhfocail eile, ní dhéanfaidh sé creimeadh ná ród. Déanann sé leictreachas a sheoladh go héifeachtach (ní bhíonn ach airgead ina rialtóir níos fearr de leictreachas). Déanann sé teas a sheoladh go han-mhaith. Tá an t-ór an-leáite, rud a chiallaíonn gur féidir é a mhúnlú i gcruthanna. Tá an t-ór chomh malléadach gur féidir é a mhúnlú i leathán chomh tanaí go bhféadfadh solas dul tríd. Tá sé dúictil freisin, rud a chiallaíonn gur féidir é a tharraingt i sreangacha fada, tanaí: is féidir sreang sreangach thart ar 50 míle ar fhad a tharraingt ó aon unsa troy amháin óir (31.1 gram). Tá sé ar cheann de na miotail is dlúithe freisin: meáchan ceathrú troigh de ór os cionn 1200 punt.
Is é siombail cheimiceach ór Au. Tagann sé ón bhfocal Laidineach aurum a chiallaíonn breacadh na maidine, tagairt dá dath buí geal agus a luster geal. Tá bunús an fhocail Béarla óir sa Mheán Béarla.
Tá ór le fáil i dhá phríomhchineál taiscí. Is éard atá i dtaiscí lodaí taiscí ina bhfaightear ór i gcraic agus i ndíol i gcloch. Tugtar taiscí vein orthu seo freisin. Tugtar taisce placer ar an dara cineál taisce óir. Tá taiscí Placer, coitianta i Sierra Nevada California, cruthaithe ag uisce ag gluaiseacht a bhfuil ór a scriosadh as taiscí loda. Nuair a bhíonn luas an uisce i n-aibhne mall go leor, titeann an t-ór trom go bun agus tiocfaidh sé le chéile i sáith an abhainn. Is é an tríú foinse is mó de ór mar thorthaí díbhreitheanna de mhainneáil copar agus airgid. Tá an t-ór chomh luachmhar sin go bhfuil sé fiú an iarracht fiú méideanna beaga a fháil amach ó mhionn copair agus airgid.
Meastar go bhfuil an méid iomlán óir fós a fháil amach as an Domhan 100,000 tonna. Is í an Afraic Theas an táirgeoir óir is mó ar domhan agus meastar go bhfuil leath de na hacmhainní óir seo aici. Tá méideanna suntasacha de na hacmhainní óir ar domhan ag na Stáit Aontaithe agus ag an mBrazil araon. Tá thart ar an cúigiú cuid de na hacmhainní uile óir ar domhan mar thorthaí ó mhianta copair agus airgid.
Sna Stáit Aontaithe, is iad Alasca agus Nevada na príomh-tháirgeoirí óir. Táirgeann Nevada formhór an óir a tháirgtear sna Stáit Aontaithe go léir. Tá an chuid eile ó thaisceanna placer in Alaska, agus taiscí óir eile i stáit thiar. Ní fhaigheann ach thart ar 30 mianas an chuid is mó den ór a fhaightear sna Stáit Aontaithe. Tá na mianaigh óir is mó sna Stáit Aontaithe inniu suite i dtuaisceart Nevada.
Déantar méadú ar an méid a dhéantar ar an gcumas a bhaineann le hearraí a dhíol.
Úsáidtear an chuid is mó de ór chun seodra agus earraí ealaíne eile a dhéanamh. Toisc go bhfuil sé cobhsaí go ceimiceach agus go ndéanann sé leictreachas chomh maith, tá sé an-tábhachtach i leictreonaic. Is ionann iarratais leictreonacha agus méid suntasach de thomhaltas bliantúil óir na Stát Aontaithe, agus ansin fiaclóireachta agus éagsúlacht iarratais eile.
Tá an t-ór an-tábhachtach mar an caighdeán do airgeadra. Sa bhliain 1792, bhunaigh Comhdháil na Stát Aontaithe an t-ór agus an t-airgead mar chaighdeán do airgead na tíre. Tá stoc mór óir ag Roinn an Chisteachais na Stát Aontaithe.
Malartuithe agus Foinsí Malartacha
Tá Palladium, platanam agus airgead curtha in ionad ór. Úsáidtear cóimhiotail (meascáin) óir agus miotail bhunúsacha eile go forleathan i seodra agus leictreonaic chun méid an óir a úsáidtear a laghdú agus na tréithe dearfacha a bhfuil ór ag teastáil uathu a chinntiú.
Beidh na príomhfhoinsí óir fós ar mianadóireacht thraidisiúnta na n-ionad loda agus na n-ionad loda agus ar an táirgeadh ó thaobh an óir de ó mianadóireacht copar agus airgid. Tá ór i uisce na farraige, ach is dócha nach mbeidh an t-ór seo brabúsach riamh. Ní thabharfaidh athchúrsáil óir ó leictreonaic úsáideach ach méid an-bheag de ór, cé go bhfaigheann cuid acu brabús as an fhiontar seo.


HST 3128 Testing Democracy: Reform in Antebellum America, 1787-1865 (3 credits)
This course will explore the grass roots movements that tried to expand the benefits that the founders originally guaranteed for elite white males. These powerful reform movements challenged established authorities, compelling them to either accommodate popular demands or coerce a restoration of the status quo. We will investigate the resulting clashes that characterized reform efforts during the early 1800s, including those centered on anti-slavery, women's legal rights, temperance, religious reform, and other causes. In doing so, we will examine both why many people were denied equality and how the gradual extension of toleration and equal opportunity developed. By understanding past tragedies, successes, and conflicts, students will be better citizens of the present.
Common Course Outline

HST 3128 Testing Democracy: Reform in Antebellum America, 1787-1865 (3 creidmheasanna)
Déanfaidh an cúrsa seo iniúchadh ar na gluaiseachtaí bunscoile a rinne iarracht na buntáistí a d'fhógair na bunúsóirí ar dtús do na fir bán éilte a leathnú. Chuir na gluaiseachtaí athchóirithe cumhachtacha seo dúshlán ar údaráis bhunaithe, ag cur iallach orthu freastal ar éilimh phoiblí nó athchóiriú an stádas quo a fhoréigean. Déanaimid imscrúdú ar na comhraic a tháinig as sin a shainaithin iarrachtaí athchóirithe le linn na 1800í go luath, lena n-áirítear iad siúd a bhí dírithe ar an sclábhaíocht, cearta dlíthiúla na mban, meas, athchóiriú reiligiúnach, agus cúiseanna eile. Agus é sin á dhéanamh againn, scrúdóimid an dá chúis a raibh comhionannas diúltaithe do go leor daoine agus an chaoi a d'fhorbair leathnú de réir a chéile na tuisceana agus na deiseanna comhionanna. Trí thuiscint a fháil ar thragóidí, rath agus coimhlintí an am atá caite, beidh mic léinn ina saoránaigh níos fearr den am atá ann.
Treoir Chúrsa Choiteann


Avoid The Flu With Green Tea and Vitamin D – Invite Health Podcast, Episode 8
Invite Health Podcast, Hosted by Jerry Hickey, Ph.
Drink green tea and swallow Vitamin D and you have a better chance of not getting a cold or flu infection this winter. Today, I am going to discuss how to improve the odds of not getting sick this winter and what you can do nutritionally for your immune system. Let’s get started.
What Happens When You Get The Flu
When someone has the flu and they sneeze, that sneeze can travel at a 100 miles an hour for ten feet; try and duck this in a packed train or room. Coughs travel at 50 miles an hour for about 5 feet; lots of luck ducking that one also. When the virus hits you, it uses enzymes to latch onto your cells, enter them, and then multiply leading to that typical week-long infection. The enzymes are viral and allow the infection to attach to the mucus membranes in your nose, mouth, and the tear ducts of the eyes. The virus is then able to enter and exit your cells; this is how the flu infects you.
The virus also uses polymerase acidic proteins to increase in number. Drugs have been developed to block these viral enzymes, including Relenza and Tamiflu in the 1990s and Xofluza in 2018.
Flu viruses are developing resistance to the earlier drugs but, interestingly, not to the ingredients in Green Tea which can help protect you by inhibiting all three families of viral enzymes.†
Studies on Green Tea and Immunity
Many different studies show that green tea weakens the flu virus by inhibiting the enzymes the virus uses to infect us. Additionally, according to a study from the University of Florida at Gainesville, Green tea also stimulates a particular type of immune cell called a gamma-delta T cell which helps govern the ability of your immune system to fight viruses. The research shows that Green Tea also stimulates the release of interferon-gamma, further helping contain viruses.†
The flu shot stimulates the production of antibodies specific to the flu which help kill it, while green tea weakens it directly, so this is a good combination for many.†
Results of a study published in the Journal of Nutrition from the University of Shizouka School of Pharmacy showed drinking Green Tea six times a week decreased a diagnosis of the flu by a pediatrician by 40%. Drinking Green Tea multiple times a day cut the risk by 46%.
In a separate study of healthcare professionals by the same pharmacy school, taking a green tea capsule along with it’s component L-Theanine lowered the risk of the flu by 75%.
Research from the University of Florida shows that taking a concentrated Green Tea capsule two times daily throughout the flu season strongly cut the incidence of the flu. However, if a person did get sick, the infection was much milder, and lasted for a much shorter amount of days.
Green Tea has even been shown to protect the elderly. Elderly people have a weaker immune system and the classic flu shot works less effectively in them. In a study of 124 elderly residents of a nursing home – all of whom received a flu shot – gargling with green tea cut the risk of developing the flu versus placebo.
Other Nutrients for Protection
Green Tea isn’t the only source of protection from the flu; Vitamin D can help also if you are initially low on it.
Vitamin D blood levels drop over the fall and winter months and a study from the University of Colorado that included 19,000 adults and children shows that having a low level of Vitamin D increases your risk of developing the flu by 40%. It was much worse for subjects with respiratory diseases such as asthma; these people had 5 times a higher risk of catching the flu.†
For a healthy immune system, you should aim at getting your blood level of Vitamin D over 35.
Other nutritional aids to help curb winter time infections include;
- Getting enough zinc and iron; immune cells will use these to kill viruses and bacteria
- Vitamin A or it’s precursor Beta-Carotene
- Also consuming enough protein is helpful
Thank you for tuning in to the Invite Health Podcast. You can find all of our episodes for free wherever you listen to podcasts or by visiting www.invitehealth.com/podcast. Make sure you subscribe and leave us a review! Follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram at Invite Health today. We’ll see you next time on another episode of the Invite Health Podcast.

Seachain an Ghrí le Té Glas agus Vitimín D  Invite Health Podcast, Episode 8
Cuir cuireadh ar Podcast Sláinte, arna óstáil ag Jerry Hickey, Ph.
Ól tae glas agus íol Vitimín D agus tá seans níos fearr agat gan ionfhabhtú fuar nó fliú a fháil an gheimhreadh seo. Inniu, beidh mé ag plé le conas na seansanna nach bhfaighidh tú tinn an gheimhreadh seo a fheabhsú agus cad is féidir leat a dhéanamh go cothaitheach le haghaidh do chóras imdhíonachta. A ligean ar tús a chur.
Cad a Tharlaíonn Nuair a Fháil Tú an Ghríob
Nuair a bhíonn an fliú ag duine agus a sneezes sé, is féidir leis an sneeze sin taisteal ag 100 míle san uair ar feadh deich troigh; déan iarracht é seo a sheachaint i dtráinn nó seomra lán. Siúlann coughs ag 50 míle san uair ar feadh thart ar 5 troigh; go leor de luck dodging go ceann amháin freisin. Nuair a bhuaileann an víreas tú, úsáideann sé einsímí chun greim a chur ar do chealla, dul isteach iontu, agus ansin a mhéadú ag tabhairt an ionfhabhtaithe tipiciúil seachtaine sin. Tá na heinsímí víreasach agus ceadaíonn siad don ionfhabhtú greamaithe ar na membráin muiceacha i do shrón, i do bhéal, agus i dtuaslagáin na súl. Ansin is féidir leis an víreas dul isteach agus amach as do chealla; is é seo an chaoi a ndéanann an fliú ionfhabhtaithe ort.
Baineann an víreas úsáid as próitéiní aigéadacha polymerase freisin chun méadú a dhéanamh ar líon na ndaoine. Forbraíodh drugaí chun na heinsímí víreasacha seo a bhac, lena n-áirítear Relenza agus Tamiflu sna 1990idí agus Xofluza in 2018.
Tá víris an fhliú ag forbairt friotaíocht i gcoinne na ndrugaí níos luaithe ach, go suimiúil, ní i gcoinne na gcomhábhar i nGlas Té a d'fhéadfadh cabhrú leat tú a chosaint trí na trí theaghlach einsímí víreasacha a chosc.†
Staidéar ar Theacht Glas agus Díolúine
Léiríonn go leor staidéir éagsúla go lagóidh tae glas an víreas fliú trí na heinsímí a úsáideann an víreas chun muid a ionfhabhtaithe a chosc. Ina theannta sin, de réir staidéir ó Ollscoil Florida i Gainesville, spreagann tae glas cineál áirithe cealla imdhíonachta ar a dtugtar cealla T gamma-delta a chabhraíonn le cumas do chóras imdhíonachta chun dul i ngleic le víris a rialú. Léiríonn an taighde go spreagann an t-éan glas scaoileadh interferon-gamma freisin, rud a chabhraíonn le víris a choinneáil faoi chois.†
Spreagann an vacsaín fliú táirgeadh frith-chomhlachtaí a bhaineann go sonrach leis an fliú a chabhraíonn leis an fliú a mharú, agus lagann tae glas é go díreach, mar sin is meascán maith é seo do go leor.†
Léirigh torthaí staidéar a foilsíodh i Journal of Nutrition ó Scoil Chumainn Ollscoil Shizouka go raibh laghdú 40% ar dhiagnóisiú an fhliú ag páistí ag ól Té Glas sé huaire sa tseachtain. Laghdaíonn ól tae glas go minic sa lá an riosca 46%.
I staidéar ar leithligh ar ghairmithe cúraim sláinte ag an scoil cógaisíochta céanna, laghdaigh capsúl tae glas a glacadh mar aon lena chomhpháirt L-Theanine an baol na fliú faoi 75%.
Léiríonn taighde ó Ollscoil Florida go laghdaíonn capsúl Ti Glas tiubh dhá uair sa lá i rith shéasúr an fhliú go mór an t-ionchas na fliú. Mar sin féin, má bhí duine tinn, bhí an t-ionfhabhtú i bhfad níos socair, agus mhair sé ar feadh líon i bhfad níos giorra laethanta.
Tá sé léirithe go gcosnaíonn Té Glas fiú daoine scothaosta. Tá córas imdhíonachta níos laige ag daoine scothaosta agus ní oibríonn an vacsaín fliú clasaiceach go héifeachtach iontu. I staidéar ar 124 duine scothaosta a bhí ina gcónaí i dteach altranais  a fuair gach duine acu an vacsaín fliú  laghdaigh gargling le tae glas an baol go mbeadh fliú ag teacht orthu i gcomparáid le pléascó.
Cothaithigh Eile le Cosaint
Ní hé an t-Eite Glas an t-aon fhoinse cosanta ó an fliú; is féidir le Vitimín D cabhrú freisin má tá tú íseal air ar dtús.
Laghdaíonn leibhéil fola vitimín D i rith mhíonna an fhómhara agus an gheimhridh agus léiríonn staidéar ó Ollscoil Colorado a raibh 19,000 duine fásta agus páiste san áireamh go gcuireann leibhéal íseal vitimín D do riosca a bheith ag fulaingt na fliú suas le 40%. Bhí sé i bhfad níos measa do dhaoine a raibh galair anáil amhail asthma orthu; bhí riosca 5 huaire níos airde ag na daoine seo an t-ionsaí a ghabháil.†
Chun córas imdhíonachta sláintiúil a bheith agat, ba cheart duit a bheith ag iarraidh go mbeidh do leibhéal vitimín D i do fhuil os cionn 35.
I measc na cabhracha cothaitheacha eile chun cabhrú le haingneacha an gheimhridh a chur faoi chois tá;
- Díoltóirí a fháil go leor sianc agus iarann; úsáidfidh cealla imdhíonachta iad seo chun víris agus baictéir a mharú
- Vitimín A nó a réamhtheachtaí Beta-Carotene
- Tá sé cabhrach freisin go leor próitéine a ithe
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